<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20185206314603
Title:Design and test of self-adaptive stock cotyledons pressing and clamping mechanism for oblique inserted grafting of Cucurbitaceous vegetables
Authors:Lou, Jianzhong (1, 2); Wu, Kang (1); Chen, Junyang (1); Ma, Guiyang (4); Li, Jianping (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310029, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou; 310053, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou; 310029, China; (4) BorgWarner Shenglong (Ningbo) Co. Ltd, Ningbo; 315104, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jianping(jpli@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:76-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The grafting and cultivation of Cucurbitaceous vegetables are characterized by the strong root system, heat resistance, disease resistance and good absorbing ability for soil fertility. Oblique grafting is a common method for Cucurbitaceous vegetables. The pressing and clamping of the stock cotyledons is one of the important issues to be considered in the design of oblique inserted grafting machine. According to the problem that the existing Cucurbitaceous vegetable grafting machine easy to break the petiole of cotyledons or damage the cotyledons in the process of cotyledons pressing, the stock cotyledons pressing and clamping mechanism used in Cucurbitaceous vegetable grafting was designed and developed by measuring the characteristic parameters of the cotyledons and by adding an imitation blocks on the cross clamp mechanism designed by the author before to adapt to the morphological characteristics of the stock cotyledons. The shape of the imitation blocks in the pressing and clamping mechanism was close to the natural shape of the cotyledons in order to prevent the breaking of the cotyledon. In the process of pressing the cotyledon, the pressing roll of the pressing and clamping mechanism could automatically slip on the imitation blocks to realize the automatic adjustment of the compression force and to avoid the damage of cotyledon. Then the growth point removal mechanism designed by the authors was used to successfully remove the growth point of rootstock seedlings. Through the force analysis of the pressing and clamping mechanism, it could be seen that the supporting force of the cotyledon to the pressing rod was getting smaller and smaller when the pressing rod rolled from middle to outside on the imitation blocks. That is, the pressing mechanism could automatically adjust the force on the cotyledon and prevent the cotyledon surface damage. At the same time, the pressing rod could extend the cotyledons to outside making the growth point fully exposed and convenient to be removed. The stock cotyledon pressing tests on 60 cucurbit seedlings were carried out by using the self-adaptive pressing and clamping mechanism and compared with that of without imitation blocks. The results showed that the success rate of the stock cotyledon pressing and clamping mechanism with the imitation blocks was 100%. It was also found that cotyledons could easily be broken by using the pressing and clamping mechanism without imitation blocks, and the breaking rate of cotyledons was 13.3%, but cotyledons was totally not broken by using the pressing and clamping with imitation blocks in the same condition. The damage rate of cotyledons surface was 21.6% by using the mechanism without imitation blocks, but it was totally not damaged by using the mechanism with imitation blocks in the same condition. The growth point of stock could easily be removed by using the mechanism with imitation blocks, and the remove rate of growth point was 98.3%, while it was only 16.7% by using the mechanism without imitation blocks. It indicated that the design of the stock cotyledon pressing and clamping mechanism with the imitation blocks was reasonable. It can better meet the requirements of the grafting and cultivation of Cucurbitaceous vegetables. The study provides a design reference for solving the problems on pressing cotyledons in the process of Cucurbitaceous vegetable grafting.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Grafting (chemical)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Clamping devices - Cultivation - Heat resistance - Machine design - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic adjustment - Clamping mechanism - Cotyledons pressing and clamping - Disease resistance - Imitating - Morphological characteristic - Pressing mechanism - Self-Adaptive
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 2.16e+01%, Percentage 9.83e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20185206314601
Title:Design and experiment of inside-filling adjustable precision seed-metering device with combined hole for cotton
Authors:Zhou, Yong (1); Hu, Mengjie (1); Xia, Junfang (1); Zhang, Guozhong (1); Xu, Zhaoyao (1); Feng, Chuangchuang (1); Tang, Nanrui (1); Liu, Dezhu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Yong(zhyong@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:59-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the status quo that mechanical direct seeding level for cotton is insufficient in the Yellow River basin, a kind of inside-filling precision seed-metering device with stepped filling holes which can reduce the shearing damage on seeds and blocking of nest inside hole was designed. To realize stepless adjustment of the seeding rate, a composite seeding plate which consists of inner seeding plate, lug and outer seeding plate assembled by bolts and nuts was adopted. This paper set forth the working principle of inside-filling seed-metering device and determined the general structure along with necessary parameters of key components. The cotton seed variety E`kangmian-10 with moisture content 11.01% (wet basis) was selected as experimental object. Before testing, all of the cotton seeds had been delinted and coated, and there were no damaged cotton seeds after manual selection. In bench test, the single factor experiment was performed on the seed-metering device. The factor was the shape of filling hole which was changed by replacing lugs, so as to study the effect of shape of filling hole on seeding performance and the optimal one was used for cotton direct seeding. Based on pre-experiments, the nest inside hole depth, seed entrance height and seeding plate rotational speed were taken as main impact factors and the qualified rate, reseeding rate, miss seeding rate and damage rate of seeding were taken as the test indexes. Then quadratic regression rotation-orthogonal combination experiment with concave filling hole was executed. The regression model was established and the influence law of various factors on test indexes was analyzed. Through the tests above, the optimal combination of each factor was obtained. The results indicated that the structural design of anti-injury was reasonable due to the low damage rate, and the concave filling holes are more suitable for cotton direct seeding than straight and convex filling holes. Due to its small volume and the incapability of cotton seeds filling into the hole smoothly under the application of gravity, centrifugal force and interaction force of cotton seeds, the convex filling hole adopted in the inside-filling seed-metering device was seriously blocked which resulted in a high miss seeding rate, the miss seeding rate decreased and qualified rate increased with the increasing of filling hole volume for straight filling hole and the phenomenon of blockage still existed, and seeding performance reached the optimal state without blockage for concave filling hole. The order influencing qualified rate of seed-metering device was seeding plate rotational speed>nest inside hole depth>seed entrance height, and the order influencing miss-seeding rate of seed-metering device was nest inside hole depth>seed entrance height>seeding plate rotational speed. The optimal combination was nest inside hole depth with 7.7 mm, seed entrance height with 62.9 mm, seeding plate rotational speed with 23.52 r/min. On the condition above, the qualified rate (1-3 seeds per hole), reseeding rate (more than 3 seeds per hole), miss seeding rate (0 seed per hole) and damage rate of seeding were 96.23%, 1.92%, 1.85% and 0.17%, respectively. In order to test the seeding performance of seed-metering device in the field, the field experiment was carried out and the results showed that the qualified rate was 95.44%, reseeding rate was 2.28%, miss eeding rate was 2.28%, damage rate was 0.06%, the qualified rate of hole distance was 97.63% and the variation coefficient of hole distance was 23.11%, which meet agronomy requirement for cotton direct seeding. The study provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of inside-filling precision seed-metering device for cotton.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Filling
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cotton - Design - Machine design - Plates (structural components) - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Regression analysis - Seed - Structural design - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Direct-seeding - Filling holes - Precision seed-metering devices - Quadratic regression - Seed metering devices - Single-factor experiments - Variation coefficient
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.70e-01%, Percentage 1.85e+00%, Percentage 1.92e+00%, Percentage 2.28e+00%, Percentage 2.31e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-02%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%, Percentage 9.76e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.35e+01RPM, Size 6.29e-02m, Size 7.70e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20185206314623
Title:Effects of torrefaction temperature on composition and characteristics of gas-solid-liquid three-phase products in bamboo torrefaction process
Authors:Zhang, Yu (1); Wang, Junhao (1); Ma, Zhongqing (1); Zhou, Hanzhi (1); Yang, Youyou (2); Zhang, Wenbiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an; 311300, China; (2) School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an; 311300, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Zhongqing(mazq@zafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:242-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bamboo is a typical agricultural and forestry biomass resource in China, which has the advantage of short growth cycle, high yield, abundant reserves. However, biomass has the disadvantages of high water content, high O/C ratio, poor grinding performance and low energy density. Torrefaction is a mild pre-pyrolysis process which operates at normal pressure, inert gas and lower temperature (200 to 300℃). Torrefaction pretreatment can effectively improve the properties of biomass, such as increasing the heating value or energy density, reducing the moisture content and O/C ratio, and improving the grinding and hydrophobicity. By these upgraded properties, the torrefaction pretreatment can also reduce the content of moisture and oxygen-containing compounds in the bio-oil, increase the heating value of bio-oil, and improve the quality and stability of bio-oil. In this paper, bamboo torrefaction was carried out in a furnace with programmed temperature controlling, Thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR), pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) at different temperatures of 210, 240, 270 and 300℃. Then the effect of torrefaction temperature on the properties of the gas, solid, and liquid products was studied in order to reveal the torrefaction mechanism. The results showed that: (1) When the torrefaction temperature increased, the content of fixed carbon and C in the solid product increased significantly, resulting in an increasing of the calorific value and energy density from 18.85 MJ/kg to 23.12 MJ/kg. The oxygen content was significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease of the O/C ratio from 0.74 to 0.42. (2) Based on the FTIR analysis, the gas composition was mainly composed of H<inf>2</inf>O, CO<inf>2</inf>, CO, and CH<inf>4</inf>, and CO<inf>2</inf> was the dominant gas, followed by H<inf>2</inf>O, CH<inf>4</inf> and CO, and all gas content gradually increased as the torrefaction temperature increased; (3) Based on the Py-GC/MS analysis, the liquid products are mainly composed of acids, ketones, furans, phenols, aldehydes and other organic compounds. Acids, phenols and furans were the dominant components with the content of the 20.34%, 22.05% and 31.42% respectively. However, the contents of ketones and aldehydes were relatively lower, which are 10.43% and 8.26%, respectively. As the torrefaction temperature increases, the content of acid increases first and then decreases. The contents of furans, phenols, and ketones increase gradually, and the aldehyde content does not change significantly. (4) Based on the properties of gas, solid, and liquid products, the oxygen in the bamboo was mainly removed in the form of gas components (H<inf>2</inf>O, CO<inf>2</inf> and CO, etc.) and oxygen-containing organic components (acids, phenols and furans, etc.). The torrefaction pretreatment can improve the content of C in the solid product and reduce the oxygen content, thereby increasing the energy density of bamboo. In addition, torrefaction can remove moisture and oxygen-containing compounds in bio-oil, and eventually increase the application value of biomass. This study provides basic data for the energy use of bamboo.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Gas chromatography
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Bamboo - Biofuels - Biomass - Calorific value - Carbon dioxide - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Grinding (machining) - Inert gases - Ketones - Liquids - Moisture - Organic pollutants - Phenols - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Bio oil - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry - Oxygen-containing compounds - Programmed temperature - Py-GC/MS - TGA-FTIR - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Torrefaction
Classification code:604.2 Machining Operations - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.1 Pulp and Paper
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 2.21e+01%, Percentage 3.14e+01%, Percentage 8.26e+00%, Specific_Energy 1.88e+07J/kg to 2.31e+07J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20185206314609
Title:Numerical simulation of local clogging in screen filter based on coupled DEM-CFD
Authors:Yu, Liming (1); Xu, Zhou (1); Yang, Jurui (1); Li, Na (1); Liu, Kaishuo (1); Chang, Liuhong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha; 410114, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:130-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to low cost and long operational life span, screen filter is widely used in chemical industry, pharmaceutical engineering, and agricultural irrigation. In order to study the motion and spatial distribution of particles in the filter and reduce the harm of local clogging,in this paper we simulated the particles' motion under different flow rates and diameters by the method of CFD-DEM, and analyzed the effects on the particles' spatial distribution caused by flow rate and particle size. The correctness of theoretical analysis and the validity of methods were verified in experimental filtration with both clean water and muddy water under different inlet pressure. According to the velocity vector distribution and streamlines, there is a jet-flow and backflow, causing the uneven flow field in the filter. The uneven flow field in screen filter leads to local clogging whose distribution is influenced by flow rate, particle size, streamlines and etc. Pressure and velocity distribution directly reflects the resistance characteristics of mesh which results in 77 percentage of total pressure drop. The charts about the flow rate on different mesh sections, with stepped distribution characteristics, show that flux differences are obvious on account of filter shells. The lowest flow rate is located in the middle of screen close to inlet while the highest in the upper of screen close to outlet, and the former is as high as 5.9 times that of the latter. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the filter shell for better performance. Particles' motion and distribution shows sieve effect of mesh on the movement and distribution of sediment. Although particles which can pass through the screen will not attach themselves to the mesh surface, they will aggravate clogging when the porous medium forms on mesh surface. The higher the flow rate is, the more concentrative the particles pass through the screen and the more serious the local clogging is. For the clogged particles which are the essential factor of clogging on mesh surface, bigger ratios of filter pore size to particle size cause the particles cycling in the housing, while the smaller firmly adhere to mesh surface and are more heavily agglomerated on the mesh with the rise of flow rate. So the smaller particles can lead more serious clogging and higher pressure drop than the bigger one under the same mass. The motion of both passing particles and smaller clogging particles is closely related to streamlines and surface velocity on mesh. Along streamline, particles can easily adhere to mesh surface or pass through mesh pore in lower surface velocity. When particles move with a high-velocity or the flow field speed up by the increase of inlet velocity, the kinetic energy of particles increase and the collision becomes more frequent. This decreases the possibility through the screen and weakens particles' stability. Particles prefer to adhere to the mesh in low velocity, but rarely adhere to the mesh where the streamline does not skim over regardless of the surface velocity. When the overall velocity rises, a great deal of particles amass on the section lying on end of streamlines because of the lower velocity. In most cases, adopting high inlet velocity can increase the work efficiency, but when the ratios of filter pore size to particle size is slightly greater than 1, high inlet velocity will sharply increase the harm of local clogging. In this situation, reducing the inlet velocity can increase the uniformity of particle distribution, enhance the auxiliary effect of filter cake, prolong the effective time and the operational life span of filter, and reduce the difficulty of flushing at the cost of efficiency loss. So, in practice, the filtering accuracy and inlet pressure of the filter should be adjusted according to the particle size of irrigation water for better perform.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Chemical industry - Computer simulation - Cost engineering - Costs - Drops - Elementary particles - Filters (for fluids) - Flow fields - Flow rate - Inlet flow - Irrigation - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Mesh generation - Numerical models - Particle size - Pore size - Porous materials - Pressure drop - Spatial distribution - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Distribution characteristics - Distribution of particles - Local clogging - Pharmaceutical engineering - Pressure and velocity distributions - Resistance characteristics - Velocity vector distribution
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 805 Chemical Engineering, General - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20185206314611
Title:Effects of soil water content and bulk density on thermal conductivity of plough layer soil in arid land and its prediction
Authors:Lu, Yili (1); Zhang, Meng (2); Liu, Xiaona (3); Ren, Tusheng (1); Wang, Yajing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) College of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yajing(wangyajing@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:146-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil thermal conductivity (λ) is a key parameter for studying surface energy balance and coupled heat and water transfer in soil. λ can be obtained by heat pulse method or semi-empirical or empirical models, with both models based on the information of soil texture, water content (θ) and bulk density (ρ<inf>b</inf>).The pedotransfer model has the advantages of simple form and having no requirement of soil minerology information. This pedotransfer λ model, however, has not been applied comprehensively under field conditions where λ displays strong spatial and temporal variability. The objectives of this study are to determine the spatial and temporal changes of λ as related to θ and ρ<inf>b</inf> in tilled soil layers, and to test the feasibilities of the pedotransfer λ model for estimating field λ with the information of soil texture, θ and ρ<inf>b</inf>. Two independent field experiments were conducted: one study of different tillage treatment's effect on λ variations and another post-tillage soil structure dynamic study on λ at 2 soil depths due to alternate wetting and drying. For the tillage method study, λ measurements were carried out in the field, and soil cores were taken to determine θ and ρ<inf>b</inf> gravimetrically. For the soil structure dynamic study, in situ θ changes were monitored with time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique, the dynamic ρ<inf>b</inf> values were determined gravimetrically after each rainfall event, and the corresponding λdata were obtained from the collected intact soil cores by heat-pulse sensors. The results showed that θ and ρ<inf>b</inf> were the key factors that affected λ in tilled soil layers. In 0-10 cm soil layer, the λ, θ and ρ<inf>b</inf> values in no tillage treatment plot were significantly higher than those of the moldboard and rotary tillage plots. Soil λ values of the 10-20 cm soil layer were higher than that in the 0-10 cm layer, and the trends were consistent with that of θ and ρ<inf>b</inf> regarding tillage treatment and soil depth. For the post-tillage soil structure dynamic study, ρ<inf>b</inf> was increased gradually with time and soil depth and became relatively stable after 4 wetting/drying (W/D) cycles, i.e., from 0.98 to 1.16 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for the 0-5 cm layer, and from 1.09 to 1.28 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for the 5-10 cm layer. The magnitude of the change was relatively small among the first 3 W/D cycles when the degrees of saturation were relatively low, and ρ<inf>b</inf> in the 5-10 cm layer reached the maximum after the fourth W/D cycle when the soil was nearly saturated, with the change became less significant thereafter. Comparison between measured and modeled values showed that the pedotransfer λ model provided reliable λwith RMSE of 0.09 W/(m•K) and mean bias of -0.01 W/(m•K). Our analysis also highlighted the fact that when ρ<inf>b</inf> varied over time due to soil structure change, using a constant ρ<inf>b</inf> (measured either right after tillage or at the end of the experiment) would introduce larger errors for λ estimations. The pedotransfer λ model for estimating soil λ could be useful for simulating heat transfer in tilled soil layers.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Heat transfer - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soils - Thermal conductivity - Time domain analysis - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Bulk density - Farmland - Heat pulse - Soil thermal conductivity - Spatial and temporal changes - Spatial and temporal variability - Tillage practices - Time-domain reflectometry techniques
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.09e+03kg/m3 to 1.28e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.80e+02kg/m3 to 1.16e+03kg/m3, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Thermal_Conductivity -1.00e-02W/m*K, Thermal_Conductivity 9.00e-02W/m*K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20185206314627
Title:Preparation and thermal performance analysis of C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK/KCl composite phase change material
Authors:Zhang, Xuelai (1); Wang, Yinghui (1); Ji, Jun (1); Liu, Junming (2); Li, Yuyang (1); Han, Xingchao (1); Xu, Xiaofeng (1); Zhou, Sunxi (1); Liu, Lu (1); Liu, Sheng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Cool Storage Technology, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) China Construction Industrial & Energy Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing; 210000, China; (3) Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:277-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the process of handover, strict logistics quality standards and inspection methods are lacking in food logistics enterprises. It makes the "broken chain" and "being not cold" of fresh and perishable low-temperature products become common phenomena during fresh and perishable low-temperature products' transportation. At present, distribution of fresh food is not effective with the application of modern technology and the implementation of the "first mile" sorting and pre-cooling scheme, and the "last mile" is still dominated by the traditional ways of circulation model represented by "ice pack & plastic foam box". Meanwhile, the cold storage, of which the main function is cargo-storing, often does not have the ability to sort, flow and process, so it restricts the effective improvement of the cold chain logistics' service level seriously. It is particularly critical to develop more efficient storage technologies with respect to the "first mile" and the "last mile" of agricultural products. Water temperature refrigerated preservation(range from -2 to -3℃) belongs to the temperature interval of micro-frozen and fresh-keeping, and it is also a concept proposed for meat products, fruits and vegetables, etc. It can not only inhibit the growth of microorganisms effectively, but also keep food nutrients from being lost compared to traditional refrigeration technology. In order to develop a stable and efficient phase change coolants for micro-frozen and fresh-keeping to ensure the quality of agricultural products, such as meat products in transportation, the ternary complex composed of C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK, KCl and H<inf>2</inf>O was prepared in this article. Considering that the cold storage condition has a great influence on the supercooling degree and cooling rate, -20℃ was selected firstly as the cooling medium temperature in this article via testing the step cooling characteristics of the PCM under different cold storage conditions; the optimal concentration of main base solution was determined by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) experiment. Then mixing KCl with it, thermodynamic properties and thermal cycle stability of the composite material were studied by Hot Disk thermal constant analyzer, DSC, Agilent temperature time recorder, low-temperature thermostat bath and other equipment. When KCl was added, under concentration of 5 g/L, into the 3 g/L C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK solution, DSC results indicated that the onset temperature and latent heat were measured as -2.8℃ and 254.6 J/g, which were reduced by -0.3°C and 1.6 J/g respectively. It was indicated that there was no chemical reaction between C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK and KCl, since there shows a linear relationship between the change of properties and concentration ratio. The thermal conductivity of C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK/KCl solution was measured as 1.012 W/m•K with an increase of 23.32 %; the specific heat capacity was 1.002 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>K with a decrease of 50.95 %, and thermal diffusivity was 1.01 mm<sup>2</sup>/s with an increase of 151.37 %. From the point of view of temperature, the higher the thermal diffusivity, the faster the propagation of internal temperature variation. Thermal cycling test results revealed that the changes of the phase change temperature and latent heat of the C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK/KCl composite solution were not obvious after 200 freeze-thaw cycles. Under condition of -20℃ in cold storage, the composite PCM added with KCl showed great nucleation, which made the composite PCM has excellent thermal stability. In conclusion, the prepared C<inf>5</inf>H<inf>7</inf>COOK solution containing 5 g/L KCl composite PCM can be acted as a potential material for the refrigeration of agricultural products due to the appropriate and acceptable thermal properties, reliable thermal stability, and high thermal conductivity.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Thermal conductivity
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Chlorine compounds - Cold storage - Convergence of numerical methods - Differential scanning calorimetry - Food storage - Latent heat - Phase change materials - Potassium compounds - Refrigeration - Specific heat - Stability - Thermal cycling - Thermal processing (foods) - Thermodynamic properties - Thermodynamic stability
Uncontrolled terms:Composite phase change materials - Differential scanning calorimeters - High thermal conductivity - Phase change temperature and latent heats - Refrigeration technology - Temperature intervals - Thermal cycle stabilities - Thermal performance analysis
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.51e+02%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Specific_Energy 1.60e+03J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.55e+05J/kg, Temperature 2.73e+02K, Thermal_Conductivity 1.01e+00W/m*K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20185206314608
Title:Classification method of main crops in northern Xinjiang based on UAV visible waveband images
Authors:Dai, Jianguo (1, 3); Zhang, Guoshun (1, 3); Guo, Peng (2); Zeng, Tiaojun (1); Cui, Meina (1, 3); Xue, Jinli (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Geospatial Information Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi; 832003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:122-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northern Xinjiang is a significant base of agricultural production in China. Finding out the cropping structure of main crops is important for food security. Accurate acquisition of field crop planting information is the basis of agricultural production and the key to accurate estimation of yield. This paper selected some farmlands of the 8<sup>th</sup> Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as the experimental region and verified region. In August 2017, the CW-20 fixed-wing drone was equipped with a Parrot Sequoia camera, which captured the visible light image. The red, green and blue bands were employed to color space conversion and texture filtering, the texture and structural features of the image were deeply explored, and the automatic extraction of crop planting information was realized. Firstly, color space transformation and gray level co-occurrence matrix texture filtering were used to obtain 27 texture features of hue, saturation, and brightness. Secondly, classification weights and correlation coefficients of 24 texture features and 3 low-pass features were calculated by ReliefF-Pearson feature reduction method. The redundant features with weak classification ability and high correlation were rejected. Hue convolution low pass, hue entropy, intensity correlation, hue homogeneity, intensity convolution low pass, intensity entropy, intensity homogeneity, intensity dissimilarity, saturation convolution low pass, saturation correlation, and intensity variance were the optimal features for visible waveband image classification. Based on the optimal classification features, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), artificial neural network (ANN), and decision tree (C5.0) classification algorithms were used to train model parameters and assess the classification effect. The overall classification of all methods is quite satisfactory, and the classification accuracy rate is over 80%. Among them, the SVM method has the highest classification accuracy, and the accuracy of testing set area classification is 83.77%, followed by the ANN and KNN methods. Finally, the SVM, KNN, and ANN classification methods were used to perform pixel-level supervised classification of images in experimental region and verified region, and the classification effects were evaluated based on visual interpretation maps. The results show that the SVM, KNN, and ANN classification methods are satisfactory in the classification of crop category, and the boundary of the field block is relatively complete, but the classification effect of the non-crop category is unsatisfactory. From the confusion matrix, the SVM method has the highest classification accuracy. Its overall accuracy is 80.74% and Kappa coefficient is 0.75. The classification accuracies of cotton, corn, marrow, and alfalfa crops are 82.78%, 85.49%, 92.65% and 80.84%, respectively, while that of the trees and other categories are only 64.58% and 59.28%, respectively. The overall accuracies of KNN and ANN methods are above 74%. In summary, based on the optimal color-texture features selected by ReliefF-Pearson, the SVM classification method is the most stable and reliable in the crop category classification and can be utilized to classify the main crops in northern Xinjiang. However, all classification methods are built on the pixel level. There are some differences in the canopy structure of the same crop, and some internal areas may be misclassified as others. Using object-oriented segmentation can improve the classification accuracy. In addition, there are differences in the growth period of different kinds of crops, and the difference in the optimal identification time differs greatly in the accuracy of each category. Using crop phenology information combined with the time-series images can get the expected classification effect. The method of this paper has a certain applicability for the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) visible waveband images to obtain planting information of the main crops in northern Xinjiang and provides a methodological reference for a large-scale crop planting information survey.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Antennas - Color - Convolution - Crops - Data mining - Decision trees - Entropy - Fixed wings - Food supply - Image classification - Image texture - Information filtering - Learning systems - Linear transformations - Nearest neighbor search - Neural networks - Pixels - Remote sensing - Supervised learning - Support vector machines - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Classification algorithm - Color and texture features - Color space transformation - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - Object-oriented segmentation - Supervised classification - UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) - Visible waveband
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.93e+01%, Percentage 6.46e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.07e+01%, Percentage 8.08e+01%, Percentage 8.28e+01%, Percentage 8.38e+01%, Percentage 8.55e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20185206314624
Title:Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity and manure organic fertilizer instead chemical fertilizer potential of animal husbandry in Anhui
Authors:Geng, Wei (1); Sun, Yixiang (1); Yuan, Manman (1); Wu, Gang (1); Wang, Jiabao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Soil and Fertilizer Institnte, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Yixiang(sunyixiang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:252-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The excessive application of agricultural chemical fertilizer and the rapid development of animal husbandry threaten the safety of soil, water and atmosphere, which become the main problems that restrict the development of green agriculture and animal husbandry in China, and have attracted great attention from the government. As an important agricultural production base in China, Anhui Province has consumed large quantities of chemical fertilizer every year. In 2016, Anhui Province was the fifth largest province in China that consumed 3.27 million tons chemical fertilizer, and has large potential and high pressure on the reduction of chemical fertilizer. Besides, with the growth of animal husbandry and the change of the feeding structure, production of livestock and poultry feces has increased continuously in Anhui, which would lead to high environmental pressure if they were not treated. However, nutrients from feces could also partially replace the chemical fertilizer to supply nutrient for soil. According to the demand of development target of circular agriculture and ecological agriculture, considering from the point of view of the nutrient requirements of the soil, statistical analysis method and ArcGIS software were used to estimate the total resources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from feces and the environmental risk of livestock and poultry feces was measured (from pig, cattle, sheep and poultry) in 77 counties of Anhui by its environmental carrying capacity in this paper. By the comparison with the fertilization application in counties of Anhui Province in 2016, the substituting potential of livestock and poultry feces for chemical fertilizer was evaluated. Results showed that the total amount of feces in Anhui Province in 2016 was 58.04 million tons, which was mainly concentrated in 25 counties in the northern plain of Anhui, accounting for 61% of the total resources in the province. Anhui had low risk of environmental pollution from animal husbandry on cultivated land, except 6 counties where actual quantity in animal husbandry exceeded the environmental carrying capacity by 50%, and it is necessary to guard against the potential source pollution of large-scale farms in some areas. Anhui has a large quantity of nutrients from feces which was 70.75 million tons in 2016, which could satisfy 21.83% of the total application of chemical fertilizer. There were 40 counties and 6 counties respectively with chemical fertilizer substitution potential of more than 20% and close to or over 50% particularly. Considering the situation of all manure returning to the field, fertilizer application per hectare in Anhui Province can be reduced from 346 to 270 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, and fertilizer application intensity in 32 counties can be reduced to below the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) limit. The research provides the basis for the rational distribution of livestock industry, and the utilization of feces resources, and is helpful to develop fertilizer application reduction program with the county as the unit and to carry out the overall promotion of organic fertilizer substitution projects, which have important guiding significance to achieve the goals of reducing fertilizer application and zero growth of fertilizer in 2020 in Anhui Province.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Application programs - Mammals - Manures - Nutrients - Pollution - Risk assessment - Risk perception - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Animal husbandry - Ecological agricultures - Environmental carrying capacities - Environmental pollutions - Food and agriculture organizations - Organic fertilizers - Statistical analysis methods
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20185206314594
Title:Research progress and application status of electrostatic pesticide spray technology
Authors:Zhou, Liangfu (1); Zhang, Ling (1); Xue, Xinyu (1); Chen, Chen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Xinyu(xuexynj@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-11
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pesticides electrostatic spray technology of can improve the deposition efficiency of pesticides on the hidded faces of leaves and reduce the pollution of pesticides to the environment. It has become a hot topic for scholars at home and abroad. In order to clarify the research and industrial status of pesticide electrostatic spray technology and the bottlenecks in the industry, the basic theory, mechanism research and analysis, indoor/outdoor electrostatic spray effect evaluation and electrostatic spray equipment industry status of pesticide electrostatic spray technology was systematically analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the droplets charging modes, the charged droplets dynamics, the charge-to-mass ratio(CMR) and the retention time were mainly overviewed. The conclusions about the main force of the charged droplets, the optimal charging parameter of the inductive charging and the reasonable comparison method for the charge-to-mass ratio were gained that the main force imposed charging droplet were electrostatic force, airflow drag force and gravity; Inductive charging is the most commonly used charging technology for electrostatic spray of pesticides, and the best charging voltage was 6-10kV, the electrode material is nickel or nickel-plated copper material, and the distance between the electrode and the nozzle outlet was 5 mm or less. When comparing the CMR between different sprayers, all the current, spray volume, measuring distance, droplet spectrum and particle size, air velocity and distribution should be expressed. Secondly, the test methods of charge-to-mass ratio, potential, droplet size and droplet velocity in electrostatic spray were introduced. The Faraday barrel, Faraday cage and mesh target method were the 3 main methods to measure the CMR. The application of phase doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) and CFD simulation in electrostatic spray technology were proposed. But the application of these advanced testing technologies and the application details of CFD simulation in electrostatic spray still need further study. Thirdly, the influence mechanism of charged droplet deposition was reviewed from 4 aspects of charging parameters, environmental parameters, working parameters and target parameters. It was believed that the electrostatic spray deposition efficiency was affected by the charging parameters, environmental parameters, target parameters and working parameters, but the mechanism of influence was still unclear and still needs further attention. At last, a large number of electrostatic spray indoor/outdoor effect evaluation tests showed that the charged droplets were driven by electrostatic force, airflow drag force and gravity, which contribute to the deposition of mist droplets in the leaves, but the electrostatic spray on the droplets drifting and penetrating properties was still no conclusion. Last for the most, the electrostatic spray technology had the advantage of high efficiency of droplet deposition, but it was still not widely used due to its unsatisfactory application effect. Because of the high sensitivity of various parameters to droplet deposition, the complexity of application environment and objects were the biggest challenges in the application of electrostatic spray technology, and the main bottlenecks were the short retention time and easily adsorbed by the sprayer and the human body. 3 suggestion were listed as: (1) Continue to carry out the research on the matching parameters of the charging parameters, air velocity and the charged droplets, increasing the maximum initial charge, meanwhile ensuring the effective charge when reaching the target.(2) Strengthening the research on mechanism of charged droplet deposition to clarify the key parameters affecting the deposition of charged droplets.(3) In order to ensure the actual effect of electrostatic spray, it is recommended to develop any electrostatic spray equipment in accordance with the specific equipment to develop detailed electrostatic spray operation specifications.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:89
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Deposition - Drag - Drops - Efficiency - Electrodes - Electrostatic devices - Electrostatic force - Gravitation - Inductive power transmission - Industrial research - Machinery - Mechanization - Particle size - Pesticides - Spraying - Testing - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Application environment - Charge-to-mass ratios - Deposition efficiencies - Electrostatic spray deposition - Environmental parameter - Induction charging - Phase Doppler particle analyzer - Simulation
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.5 Gravitation, Relativity and String Theory
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.00e-03m, Voltage 6.00e+03V to 1.00e+04V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20185206314619
Title:Monitoring of multi-target cow ruminant behavior based on video analysis technology
Authors:Song, Huaibo (1, 2, 3); Niu, Mantang (1, 2, 3); Ji, Cunhui (1, 2, 3); Li, Zhenyu (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Qingmei (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:211-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There is a strong correlation between the ruminant behavior of dairy cows and their production, reproduction, estrus and stress behaviors. Rumination rhythm and time are related to the health status of dairy cows closely. By collecting and analyzing ruminant signals, it is possible to detect the physiological activities of dairy cows accurately and find the health problems of dairy cows in time. It is of great significance to improve the modern management level of dairy cows, promote the fine management of dairy cows' breeding, and improve the efficiency of pastures. The existing methods mostly use artificial observation or wearable devices to monitor the ruminant behavior of dairy cows, which has the problems of large error, being easy to cause stress reaction of dairy cows, high cost, low real-time performance, and so on. In the field of target recognition and tracking, the kernelized correlation filters (KCF) algorithm and the compressive tracking (CT) algorithm are widely used and have achieved good results, such as high real-time performance, high accuracy, effective suppression of tracking drift, high robustness, and good tracking effect. In order to achieve real-time multi-target monitoring of ruminant behaviors of dairy cows, by video analysis and target tracking technology, on the basis of obtaining the mouth area of dairy cows, the performances of CT algorithm and KCF algorithm in multi-target intelligent monitoring of cows ruminating were analyzed and compared in this study. To verify the effect of different algorithms on the monitoring of ruminant behavior of dairy cows, 9 videos were used to test and then compared with the actual ruminant data of cows, including 2 multi-target cow videos and 7 double-target cow videos. Additionally, aimed to the occurrence of missed detection, false detection, and so on, we proposed an effective judgment model for counting the number of chewing times. The test results showed that for multi-target monitoring, the average frame processing speed was 7.37 frames/s with the KCF algorithm, and was 0.51 frames/s with the CT algorithm; the average error of the KCF algorithm was 13.27 pixels, and that of the CT algorithm was 38.28 pixels; the average tracking error of the KCF algorithm was 34.67% of that of the CT algorithm. For double-target monitoring, the maximum false detection rate of the KCF algorithm was 18.42%, and the lowest was 0; the highest false detection rate of the CT algorithm was 81.58%, and the lowest was 0; the average false detection rate of the KCF algorithm was 7.72%, which was 10.84 percentage points lower than that of the CT algorithm. The frame processing speeds of the 2 algorithms were respectively 10.11 and 0.87 frames/s; the highest tracking errors were 45.80 and 46.13 pixels respectively, and the lowest were 7.71 and 17.33 pixels respectively. The average tracking error of the KCF algorithm was only 77.83% of that of the CT algorithm. The experimental results showed that for multi-target monitoring of rumination behavior of cows in a complex environment with the requirements of high accuracy and high real-time performance, the KCF algorithm with the low false detection rate and high frame processing speed was more suitable. On this basis, we verified the effectiveness of these 2 algorithms in monitoring ruminant behavior when cows were exposed to different lighting, and had different postures and different degrees of occlusion. The results showed that the CT algorithm had different degrees of deviation, and even lost the target, while the KCF algorithm still had good results and good adaptability in the nighttime video tracking. It shows that it is feasible and effective to apply the KCF algorithm to the all-day multi-target analysis of the ruminant behavior of dairy cows.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Target tracking
Controlled terms:Clutter (information theory) - Computerized tomography - Errors - Image processing - Monitoring - Pixels
Uncontrolled terms:Behavior - Dairy cow - Intelligent monitoring - Multi-target analysis - Multi-targets - Physiological activity - Real time performance - Rumination
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 7.72e+00%, Percentage 7.78e+01%, Percentage 8.16e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20185206314616
Title:Rapid determination of soluble protein content for soybean leaves based on near infrared spectroscopy
Authors:Zhang, Yakun (1, 2, 3); Luo, Bin (2, 3); Song, Peng (2, 3); Pan, Dayu (2, 3); Lu, Wenchao (2, 3); Zhou, Yanan (2, 3); Wang, Cheng (2, 3); Zhao, Chunjiang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Chunjiang(zhaocj@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:187-193
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soluble protein is an important indicator for the research of plant physiochemical and resistance physiology. Rapid, accurate and non-destructive detection of soluble protein content in crops is critical for dynamic monitoring of growth state and selecting varieties with strong resistance. 2 soybean varieties, Qihuang35 and Zhonghuang13, were planted and treated with different copper and salt stresses. The near infrared spectra of stressed soybean leaves were obtained by the AOTF (acousto-optic tunable filter) near infrared spectrometer. The soluble protein contents of soybean leaves were measured by coomassie brilliant blue method. Chemometric methods were applied to build multivariate calibration models for the rapid and nondestructive determination of soluble protein content in soybean leaves based on near infrared spectra. Several partial least squares (PLS) models with different preprocessing methods like Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), first derivative (1-Der), second derivative (2-Der), standard variable normalization (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were developed and compared. Then successive projections algorithm (SPA), random frog (RF) and genetic algorithm (GA) were employed to select effective wavelengths with spectral data preprocessed by SG. 11, 10 and 43 of effective wavelengths were selected by SPA, RF and GA respectively. These selected effective wavelengths were used as the inputs of partial least squares (PLS) to develop SPA-PLS, RF-PLS and GA-PLS models. Results showed that the best prediction results for the determination of soluble protein content were achieved by SPA-PLS model using SG spectra with prediction determination coefficient (R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup>) of 0.746, root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.894 mg/g and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 2.061. The overall results indicated that a strong correlation was existed between near infrared spectra and soluble protein content, and near infrared spectroscopy technology combined with SPA-PLS models was a feasible method for the rapid and nondestructive detection of soluble protein content in soybean leaves. This study provides an effective approach for dynamic monitoring of soybean growth state and fast selecting soybean varieties with strong resistance.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Infrared devices
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Genetic algorithms - Infrared spectrometers - Least squares approximations - Near infrared spectroscopy - Plants (botany) - Proteins - Spectrometers
Uncontrolled terms:Acousto-optic tunable filters - Multiplicative scatter correction - Nondestructive determination - Partial least square (PLS) - Partial least squares models - Soluble proteins - Soybean leaves - Successive projections algorithms (SPA)
Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.023
Funding Details: Number; Sponsor: 31601216; National Natural Science Foundation of China - Number; Acronym; Sponsor: KJCX20170418; BAAFS; Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20185206314615
Title:Groundwater dynamic forecasting in Hongyashan district based on regional evaluation of regulatory suitability
Authors:He, Xiangli (1); Ye, Mao (2); Zhang, Xin (1); Chen, Wenjie (1); Li, Jingjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) The People's Government of Xihu Town, Chongqing Municipality City, Jiangjin District, Chongqing; 402224, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:179-186
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hongyashan district is located at the lower reach of Shiyang river basin which is a typical arid inland region in China. The overexploitation of groundwater has caused continuous decline of groundwater levels and serious deterioration of ecological condition. The government has taken some measures such as closing wells, and reducing fields during the period from 2006 to 2010. Moreover, additional water has been arranged to pour into Qingtu Lake for improving its ecological condition since 2010. Then the water environment has been changed. Three-dimensional numerical model including unconfined aquifer for Hongyashan district was established using FEFLOW and ArcGIS software based on the measured data during 2011-2012 in this paper. On the other hand, considering the current situation of the local groundwater level and the layout of well group, the regulation principles of well group were made. In order to make the regulation measures more targeted, the regional evaluation of regulatory suitability was carried out by selecting the groundwater depth and the density of wells as evaluation indices. Then the study area was divided into 1934 evaluation units according to the variability of impact factors, and the weights of evaluation indices and the comprehensive evaluation values of evaluation units were calculated by using entropy method. Three regulation schemes of B1, B2 and B3 were set by cutting the volumes of groundwater exploitation. Among them, B1 and B2 were the schemes which determined the cutting ratios of groundwater exploitation depending on the comprehensive evaluation values, and the higher the comprehensive evaluation values of the units, the higher the cutting ratio of groundwater exploitation. B2 covered more units and more wells than B1. B3 was the scheme with uniform cutting ratios in all units, which covered all wells. The dynamic variation of groundwater in the 20 years was forecasted under current condition (A1) and 3 regulation schemes (B1, B2, B3) by using the three-dimensional numerical model of Hongyashan district established in this paper. The forecasting results indicate that the groundwater levels will be in a continuous decline trend with a small drop rate and the groundwater depression cones will be further enlarged under current conditions (A1) in Hongyashan district; the decline trend of groundwater levels will be effectively contained and the groundwater depression cones can be repaired by cutting the volumes of groundwater exploitation under the 3 regulation schemes (B1, B2, B3); the schemes (B1, B2) which determined the cutting ratios depending on the evaluation values were more targeted for increasing groundwater levels and repairing groundwater depression cones than the scheme (B3) with uniform cutting ratios, and the former 2 schemes regulate less wells. The research results can provide references for the development, utilization and management of local groundwater resources.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Groundwater resources
Controlled terms:Aquifers - Deterioration - Ecology - Forecasting - Groundwater - Models - Numerical models - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Research and development management
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Ecological conditions - FEFLOW - Groundwater exploitation - Regional evaluation - Regulation principles - Three-dimensional numerical modeling - Well group
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20185206314602
Title:Dynamic response analysis of apricot fruit dropping during vibration harvesting
Authors:San, Yunlong (1); Yang, Huimin (2); Wang, Xuenong (2); Guo, Wensong (1); Hou, Shulin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Agricultural Mechanization Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Hou, Shulin(hsl010@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:68-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the transient response state and movement state of apricot fruit during different stages of exfoliation, a dynamic model of apricot fruit-fruit branch double pendulum hanging on a single long stem branch according to the actual growth of apricot fruit was established in this paper. The apricot fruit-stem separation conditions were analyzed theoretically, and the physical parameters of Kumai apricot fruit at ripening stage were measured. The whole forced vibration process of the target fruitS was recorded by using 2 high-speed cameras with same specifications perpendicular to the xoz plane and the yoz plane, and the relevant datas such as shedding time, speed, and acceleration were obtained. Theoretical analysis and experiments showed that the apricot fruit-fruit branch double pendulum system mainly shows 3 kinds of motion states: fruit branch drives fruit to swing, fruit branch drives fruit to twist and fruit swing. The average weight of the ripe fruit of Kumari apricot was 14.26 g, the average external dimensions were 28.84 mm in length, 27.93 mm in width, and 27.83 mm in thickness; the average surface hardness of mature fruit was 9.17 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>; and the average connection force of ripe fruit-stem is 2.923 N. Based on the measured spatial coordinates of the fruit in the xoz and yoz planes and Phantom Camera Control 3.1 high-speed video control software analysis, the whole spatial motion track of apricot fruit is nearly elliptical from vibration to shedding, the total time from vibration to shedding of target fruit was 0.322 s, and the maximum speed of the relative static origin of apricot fruit was 0.112 and 0.166 m/s when be dropped in spatial planes xoz and yoz. The instantaneous speed of the apricot fruit before shedding was 1.53 and 1.359 m/s, respectively, and the acceleration was 765 and 679.98 m/s<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Using MATLAB software, the velocity data of fruit in different planes xoz and yoz were compared with the Fourier fitting curves of velocity and time relative to stationary origin, and the fitting curve of the speed of apricot fruit during vibration shedding and the corresponding function were obtained. R<sup>2</sup> value of the fitting function were 0.970 4 and 0.986. Through analyzing the speed function curve, the process of fruit vibration shedding could be divided into 3 periods: 0 to 0.148 s, 0.148 to 0.248 s, and 0.248 to 0.322 s. In the third stage, the fruit has already fallen off before it reaches the full cycle. To ensure the accuracy of the analysis, the analysis of the velocity function in the first 2 stages with complete vibration period showed that: in the xoz plane, the velocity fitting function R<sup>2</sup> of the first 2 stages are 0.965 2 and 0.952 5, respectively, the speed change period is 0.15 s and the function amplitude is 0.021 m/s; the velocity fitting function R<sup>2</sup> in the first 2 stages of the yoz plane is 0.954 5 and 0.981 1, respectively, and the speed change period is 0.13 s, the amplitude of the second stage function is twice that of the first stage, which is 0.054 and 0.027 m/s, respectively. The vibration cycle of the apricot fruit-fruit branch double pendulum system is close to the period of the excitation cycle. According to the calculation of the fruit weight of mature apricot, the shedding force components produced by acceleration on each plane were 11.22 and 9.7 N respectively, both of which were greater than the average connected force between mature apricot fruit and stalk. Based on the above characteristics of fruit vibratory shedding, this study can provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the shedding mechanism during fruit harvesting, optimizing the design parameters of apricot vibrating harvester, and improving the fruit recovery rate.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Curve fitting - Digital storage - High speed cameras - MATLAB - Models - Motion analysis - Pendulums - Transient analysis - Velocity - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Apricot - Dynamic response analysis - Instantaneous speed - Physical parameters - Picking - Separation condition - Shedding mechanisms - Vibration
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 6.80e+02m/s2, Acceleration 7.65e+02m/s2, Force 1.12e+01N, Force 2.92e+00N, Force 9.70e+00N, Mass 1.43e-02kg, Size 2.78e-02m, Size 2.79e-02m, Size 2.88e-02m, Time 0.00e+00s to 1.48e-01s, Time 1.30e-01s, Time 1.48e-01s to 2.48e-01s, Time 1.50e-01s, Time 2.48e-01s to 3.22e-01s, Time 3.22e-01s, Velocity 1.12e-01m/s, Velocity 1.36e+00m/s, Velocity 1.53e+00m/s, Velocity 1.66e-01m/s, Velocity 2.70e-02m/s, Velocity 5.40e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20185206314629
Title:Effects of nozzle structures of air impinging freezer on heat transfer characteristics of steel strip surface
Authors:Xie, Jing (1, 2, 3, 4); Liu, Yuyan (2, 4); Wang, Jinfeng (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai; 201306, China; (3) National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai; 201306, China; (4) College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Jing(jxie@shou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:292-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In view of the low efficiency and high energy consumption of air impinging freezer, 2 kinds of nozzle structures were compared in this paper in order to find out the best structure and improve the Nusselt number and heat transfer uniformity. Based on the impinging freezing test bench, the performance of 2 kinds of nozzle was analyzed and compared by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Numerical simulation technology. The k-Ε turbulence model was used. Since there was a temperature change during the jet impinging, the energy equation was selected. The cooling air inlet and outlet pressure were 250 Pa(P<inf>in</inf>) and 0 Pa(P<inf>out</inf>) respectively. For the frozen area, the cooling air inlet temperature was set to 230 K and outlet temperature was 235 K. The mass flow rate at the cooling air inlet is 0.064 4kg/s. The thermal conductivity of steel strip was 16.3 W/(m.°C). In order to verify the reliability of numerical simulation, experimental verification was carried out. Taking the circular orifice nozzle as an example, the outlet diameter of circular orifice nozzle was D<inf>E</inf>=10 mm, nozzle spacing was S=34 mm, nozzle number was 64(8 rows×8 ranks), and the ratio between nozzle-to-strip distances and outlet diameters was H/D<inf>E</inf>=2. The absolute velocity of steel strip surface in vertical direction at the outlet nozzle (Z direction) was measured. The error between simulation value and test value was 1.24%6.90%, thus it could be concluded that the numerical simulation of the impinging freezing test bench was reliable. Based on the Nusselt number distribution and heat transfer uniformity on steel strip, the heat transfer characteristics on steel strip surface under the circular orifice nozzles and circular funnel nozzles at the different ratio between nozzle-to-strip distances and outlet diameters were analyzed. The results showed that when the H/D<inf>E</inf> was in the range of 2-12, the average Nusselt number on steel strip surface under the circular funnel nozzle was about 5.41%-15.10% higher than that under the circular orifice nozzle. The change of the Nusselt number on steel strip surface under both 2 kinds of nozzle structures were greatly influenced by the H/D<inf>E</inf> and was less affected by the cross flow. The heat transfer uniformity η on steel strip surface under the circular funnel nozzle was about 7.06%-34.52% lower than that of the circular orifice nozzle. As the H/D<inf>E</inf> increasing, the η difference between the 2 kinds of nozzle structures was gradually decreased. This was because that for the circular funnel nozzle, the "convex" region which was formed between 2 kinds of nozzle structures could form a cross flow buffer zone. On the one hand, the flow direction of the cross flow was changed, so the cross flow velocity in the channel was decreased, and the adverse effect of cross flow was reduced. The average Nusselt number on steel strip surface under the circular funnel nozzle was higher, so that the heat transfer characteristics on steel strip surface was higher. On the other hand, the large vortex formed on the left side of the circular funnel nozzle enhanced the line B above the steel strip surface. The velocity in Z direction increased the Nusselt number on the line B, so the η value of the steel strip surface was decreased, so that the airflow in the air impinging freezer was relatively uniformity. By comparing the structures of the 2 nozzles, it is recommended to use a circular funnel nozzle in the case of the same air supply volume to reduce the freezing time, increase the output of the air impinging freezer, and improve the quality of the frozen food.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Nozzles
Controlled terms:Air - Air intakes - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Cooling - Energy utilization - Flow velocity - Freezing - Heat transfer - Numerical models - Nusselt number - Orifices - Refrigerators - Strip metal - Thermal conductivity - Thermal processing (foods) - Turbulence models
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental verification - Freezer - Heat transfer characteristics - High energy consumption - Jet impingement - K-epsilon turbulence model - Nusselt number distribution - Simulation technologies
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 535.1 Metal Rolling - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.41e+00% to 1.51e+01%, Percentage 7.06e+00% to 3.45e+01%, Temperature 2.30e+02K, Temperature 2.35e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20185206314598
Title:Combine harvester productivity calculation model and analysis of suitable operation route
Authors:Zhang, Kai (1, 2); Bai, Meijian (1); Li, Yinong (1); Zhang, Shaohui (1); Du, Taisheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Bai, Meijian(903247335@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:37-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural mechanization is an important part of the agricultural modernization, mechanization of crop harvesting is an important link of agricultural mechanization, increasing productivity of agricultural machinery can greatly reduce the cost of agricultural production. In this thesis, field trial and numerical simulation were adopted to find agricultural machinery working routes with higher harvesting productivity. First of all, the "U"-shape working route, the "concentric square" working route, and the "concentric square" and "U"-shape combined operation modes were selected from the commonly used harvesting routes. These routes were combine harvester operating routes with higher theoretical productivity without repeated routes. Secondly, the working time composition of the combine harvester was comprehensively analyzed. The running time of the combine harvester consisted of 3 parts: non-constant speed driving time (including the combine harvester entering the farmland, driving out of the farmland, decelerating before turning, accelerating after turning), constant speed driving time and total turning time. The total running time of the combine harvester was the sum of the running time of each part. On this basis, the productivity calculation model of the combine harvester under different running routes was built. In order to obtain the time parameters of each part, 3 kinds of combines with different power and header width were selected as test objects, the operation process was tracked, and the agricultural machinery operation was recorded when 3 different operation routes were used in different specifications field. Finally, 3 working route models including calculation models and measurement parameters were written by MATLAB. In the numerical simulation, 3 models, 3 operating routes, 2 field sizes, and different aspect ratios were considered, for a total of 474 combinations, MATLAB program was used to simulate the productivity of the combine harvester under all experimental combinations. The results showed that the main factors affecting the production capacity of the combine harvester were its type and working route, the field area and the aspect ratio. The productivity of the harvester could be improved by appropriately increasing the field area, aspect ratio and working width of the harvester. Within the scope of the simulation conditions, the "concentric square" and "U"-shape combined operation modes could increase the productivity of the combine harvester by more than 8%. The research results can provide some technical references for the practical path selection of agricultural machinery and the optimal layout of farmland systems.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Aspect ratio - Experiments - Farms - Harvesters - Harvesting - MATLAB - Mechanization - Models - Modernization - Numerical models - Productivity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Agricultural modernizations - Agricultural productions - Combined operations - Field conditions - Measurement parameters - Operation routes - Production capacity
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20185206314614
Title:Simulation and prediction of groundwater considering seasonal freezing-thawing in irrigation area with conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water
Authors:Wu, Jingwei (1); Yang, Yang (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Yu, Leshi (2); Yang, Wenyuan (3); Yang, Jinzhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Youxi County Government of Sanming, Sanming; Fujian Province; 365100, China; (3) PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu; 610072, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Yan(zyan0701@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:168-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water is a promising measurement to alleviate the water resources shortage in Hetao irrigation district. It can not only decrease the amount of water diversion from the Yellow River but also prevent the deterioration of soil salinization by decreasing the groundwater table and evaporation. However, it might have adverse effects on ecological environment if over-exploitation happens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the impacts to groundwater after conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. In this paper, we selected Hetao irrigation district as the study area to estimate the temporal and spatial groundwater dynamics under conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. The freezing and thawing period in Hetao irrigation district lasts for nearly half a year, during which the mechanism of groundwater dynamics is quite different from that of unfreezing period, with multiple complex impact factors. Studies showed that temperature was the most important factor that drives the groundwater table change during the freezing and thawing period. There were good correlations between water table depth and air temperature. The water table depth of Hetao irrigation district in freezing-thawing period was related to the air temperature before 48 days. Trigonometric function was used to fit the change of temperature and depth. A sub-model was developed to calculate the source term of groundwater system in freezing and thawing period by establishing the relationship between groundwater recharge/discharge flux and air temperature. The sub-model in the freezing-thawing period was integrated with the three-dimensional groundwater model Modflow for the whole year simulation. Model parameters were calibrated with datasets from 2006 to 2010 and were validated with datasets from 2011 to 2013. Comparisons between simulated and observed water table depth showed that the coupling numerical model was able to predict change of groundwater table reasonably well. Then, the numerical model was applied to estimate the impacts of conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water under 18 water saving scenarios with 3 different upper limit of groundwater salinity (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 g/L) and 6 different conjunctive ratios. The simulating results indicated that both the upper limit of groundwater salinity and conjunctive ratio had great impact on groundwater table, since they determined the amount of groundwater withdrawal. Higher groundwater salinity upper limit and smaller conjunctive ratio resulted in lower groundwater table. From the results of 18 water saving scenarios simulation, we concluded that after implying the conjunctive use measurements, the annual average groundwater table increased relatively by 0.103 m to 0.445 m in summer irrigation period, 0.076 m to 0.243 m in autumn irrigation period, and 0.096 m to 0.216 m in freezing and thawing period. The value of groundwater table decline ranged from 0.346 m to 0.635 m in the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water irrigation district, less than 0.07 m in surface water irrigation district, and 0.096 m to 0.316 m in the whole district on average. The total recharge and discharge volume of groundwater were basically balanced after conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. The phreatic water evaporation and water diverted from Yellow River could be respectively reduced by 2.243×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup>/a- 5.120×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/a and 3.765×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/a-8.401×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup>/a. The less phreatic water evaporation was the key point of saving water by the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. It decreased useless evaporation and increased water use efficiency so that water resources for agricultural irrigation can be decreased. The river leakage increased by 3.1%-4.4% than before. Thus, the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water does not result in an unacceptable increase in the amount of river leakage. The research provides important information for conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water in similar seasonal freezing-thawing irrigation district.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Recharging (underground waters)
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Deterioration - Evaporation - Flood control - Freezing - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Irrigation - Numerical models - River diversion - Surface water resources - Thawing - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Conjunctive use - Freezing-thawing periods - Hetao irrigation districts - Irrigation districts - Three dimensional groundwater model - Trigonometric functions - Water - savings
Classification code:441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 442.1 Flood Control - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.32e-01yr, Mass_Density 3.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 3.10e+00% to 4.40e+00%, Size 1.03e-01m to 4.45e-01m, Size 3.46e-01m to 6.35e-01m, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 7.60e-02m to 2.43e-01m, Size 9.60e-02m to 2.16e-01m, Size 9.60e-02m to 3.16e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20185206314626
Title:Cooling performance of wet curtain fan-fabric duct ventilation system in house of pregnant sows
Authors:Wu, Zhonghong (1, 2); Chen, Zepeng (1, 2); Zang, Jianjun (1, 2); Wang, Meizhi (1, 2); Yang, Hao (1); Ren, Fangjie (1); Liu, Jijun (1, 2); Feng, Guangjun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Qingdao LiangMo Agricultural science and technology Co.,Ltd, Qingdao; 266000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:268-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heat stress caused by high temperature has serious adverse effect on the reproduction performance of breeding and gestation sows, so effective cooling in the sow barn is particularly important in summer. In order to improve the indoor thermal environment of breeding and gestation sows, the wet curtain cooling fan-fabric duct ventilation systems were fitted in experiment barn and their cooling effects were evaluated in this study. Cooled fresh air was delivered with fabric duct and was jetted out to sows' movement area from openings along the fabric duct to achieve local cooling. Six wet curtain cooling fans were installed on the experiment barn with 4 on the west wall and 2 on the east wall, and the fabric duct 700 mm in diameter with 1 row of Φ22 mm openings on the bottom and 2 rows of Φ26 mm openings on both lower side along the duct was matched based on airflow requirements. The fabric duct was hovered over the sow pen with bottom height of 1.5 m and jet range of 1.5 m wide. Same size barn with natural ventilation was used as control.The results showed that the daily average air temperature in the experiment and control barn were 27.7℃ (range from 26.4 to 29.6 ℃) and 30.2 ℃ (range from 28.4 to 32.5 ℃) (P<0.01), and the air relative humidity was 87.5 % and 82.5 % respectively (P>0.05), when the ambient average daily air temperature was 31.5 ℃ (range from 26.5 to 39.9 ℃) and the average relative humidity was 85.6%. The fan efficiency was 68.2 %. The average wind speed at the longitudinal outlets of the air duct was 7.23 m/s and was 0.99 m/s in the sows' movement areas (directly below the air duct and 0.6 m above the floor), meanwhile it was 0.16 m/s in the same area in the control barn (P<0.01). Around the air jet zone, the wind speed was higher in the center than in two sides and attenuated gradually as the height decreased. The air speed from the outlets was 7.23 m/s at height of 1.5 m and decreased to 1.20 m/s, 0.93 m/s and 0.58 m/s at heights of 1.2 m, 0.8 m and 0.4 m respectively in the jet zone. The average concentrations of CO<inf>2</inf> and NH<inf>3</inf> in the experiment barn were lower than in control barn (1 849 and 1.48 mg/m<sup>3</sup> vs. 2 444 and 4.96 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, P <0.05). The daily average temperature-humidity index (THI) was 70.4 in the experiment barn and was 73.6 in control barn (P<0.01). The thermal environment based on THI was in comfort zone all day in the experiment barn, while it was in alert zone from 10:00 to 18:00 in the control barn. The average effective environmental temperature (EET) was 12.1 ℃ in the experiment barn, which means in the comfort zone all day, while the average EET was 19.5 ℃ in the control barn, which means in the range of heat stress (P<0.01). Correspondingly, the skin temperatures of sows were 33.3 and 34.1 ℃(P <0.05), and the respiratory rates were 72.3 and 87.5 beats/min in experiment and control barn, respectively (P <0.05). As for the reproduction performance of the whole pig farm, the average delivery rates from July to November were 89.3 % and 78.9 %, respectively, and the litter size were 12.6 and 11.7 heads/litter with an average litter weight of 18.0 and 17.1 kg/litter in experiment barn and control barn, respectively (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in average estrus and the gestation rate from June to September between experiment barn and no control barn (P >0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the wet curtain fan-fabric duct ventilation system had good cooling and wind chill effect, which could effectively improve the thermal environment and relieve sows' heat stress.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Ducts
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Atmospheric humidity - Atmospheric temperature - Cooling - Cooling systems - Farm buildings - Heating - Humidity control - Jets - Mammals - Temperature - Thermal stress - Ventilation - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Average air temperature - Average concentration - Cooling performance - Environmental temperature - Indoor thermal environments - Natural ventilation - Sow barn - Temperature humidity index
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.5 Ventilation - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.44e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.96e-06kg/m3, Percentage 6.82e+01%, Percentage 7.89e+01%, Percentage 8.25e+01%, Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 8.75e+01%, Percentage 8.93e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 7.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s, Velocity 1.60e-01m/s, Velocity 5.80e-01m/s, Velocity 7.23e+00m/s, Velocity 9.30e-01m/s, Velocity 9.90e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20185206314596
Title:Parameter calibration of discrete element model of organic fertilizer particles for mechanical fertilization
Authors:Yuan, Quanchun (1); Xu, Liming (1); Xing, Jiejie (1); Duan, Zhuangzhuang (1); Ma, Shuai (1); Yu, Changchang (1); Chen, Chen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:21-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the parameters of discrete element model for organic fertilizer are difficult to obtain directly from literatures or experiments, this study proposed a method to calibrate the parameters based on tests of the angle of repose. Firstly, a physical test was carried out. The diameters of organic fertilizer particles were between 0.25 and 2 mm, the fertilizer moisture was 13.7%, and the organic fertilizer was crushed to meet the requirements of uniformity of fertilization. In the test, in order to obtain the organic fertilizer heap, the cylinder was lifted up by a universal testing instrument at a speed of 20 mm/s. Then, the angle of repose of the fertilizer was measured with inclinometer and the test was repeated for 10 times, as the mean angle of repose was 38.15°. Secondly, the simulation test was carried out. Considering the cohesion characteristics between particles of organic fertilizer, the contact model of Hertz-Mindlin with Johnson-Kendall-Roberts was used in simulation modeling. Since the organic fertilizer particles were near-spherical, the basic model of the software default was adopted to simulate organic fertilizer granules. In the simulation test, the relative error was 2.22% by comparing the angle of repose formed by a variety of particle sizes according to actual particle size distribution and the angle of repose formed by the same particle size (1 mm). Therefore, a basic sphere model with a radius of 1 mm was used and the three-dimension geometry model built by SolidWorks was imported into the simulation software, with the cylinder lifting speed was 20 mm/s, the total number of particles was 10 000, the generation rate was 2 000/s, the fixed time step was 22% of Rayleigh time step, the target save interval was 0.01 s, and the cell size was 2 mm. Not all discrete element model parameters of organic fertilizer had significant impact on the angle of repose, so a screening through Plackett-Burman Design was made. The results showed that rolling friction coefficient between organic fertilizer, surface energy (JKR) and rolling friction coefficient between organic fertilizer and steel plate had significant impact on angle of repose. The optimal value interval of the there significant parameters was determined by the steepest ascent test, and built the linear regression model of angle of repose through Central Composite Design. The fitting of the linear regression model was optimized by adding the quadratic term and cubic term of rolling friction coefficient between organic fertilizer with the fitting of the regression model had a great improvement, and the P value of the lack of fit was improved from 0.091 to 0.405 6. Thirdly, the optimal value of the significant parameters was obtained with the actual angle of repose as a goal, with the rolling friction coefficient between organic fertilizer was 0.10, the JKR was 0.015, and the rolling friction coefficient between organic fertilizer and steel plate was 0.11. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of the calibrated parameters, the simulation verification test of the calibration parameters was carried out, and the relative error between the simulated angle of repose and the actual angle of repose is 0.42%, which meant that the calibration parameters were accurate. This study can provide reference for the selection of discrete element model parameters of organic fertilizer.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Calibration - Computer software - Cylinders (shapes) - Finite difference method - Fits and tolerances - Friction - Instrument testing - Models - Optimal systems - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Particles (particulate matter) - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Angle of repose - Central composite designs - Cohesion - Discrete element modeling - Johnson-Kendall-Roberts - Linear regression models - Plackett-Burman designs - Simulation verification
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.37e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+00%, Percentage 4.20e-01%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Time 1.00e-02s, Velocity 2.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20185206314625
Title:Nitrogen distribution and ammonia emission characteristics in different livestock manure treatment processes in intensive dairy farms
Authors:Mei, Ying (1); Wei, Kunhao (1); Cui, Naqi (1); Zhou, Hang (1); Gao, Long (1); Zhao, Xin (2); Zhang, Houhu (2); Shen, Xiufang (2); Ye, Fei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Energy and Power Engineering Institute, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing; 210042, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xin(jszhaoxin@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:261-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to strengthen atmospheric ammonia emission control in dairy farms and further establish a control system for ammonia emissions from the dairy farm manure, the research conducted sampling test analysis on the atmosphere, cow dung and bovine urine of Dairy Farm A and Dairy Farm B in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in the winter and summer. The ammonia emission characteristics of 2 treatment processes were studied. Static sampling test results show that the highest concentration of ammonia in Dairy Farm A occurs under the oxidation pond treatment process. And the higher concentration of ammonia emissions occurs in the dairy cow cowshed and the pregnant dairy cow cowshed. The ammonia concentrations in the oxidation pond, dairy cow cowshed and pregnant dairy cow cowshed were 0.862, 0.823, and 0.585 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in winter and 2.785, 2.155, and 2.146 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in summer. The highest concentration of ammonia in Dairy Farm B occurs under the pretreatment process. The higher ammonia emission concentration occurs in the pregnant dairy cow cowshed and the biogas residue composting area. The ammonia concentrations in the pretreatment, pregnant dairy cow cowshed and biogas residue composting area were 3.514, 3.169, and 2.614 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in winter and 2.130, 1.429, and 1.601 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in summer. The ammonia concentration in winter for Dairy Farm A is 1.8 times of the habitat standard, and the highest is 4.3 times of the habitat standard. In summer, the ammonia concentration is on average 5.4 times of the habitat standard, and the highest is 10.7 times of the habitat standard. The ammonia concentration in winter for Dairy Farm B is 8.3 times of the habitat standard, and the highest is 17.5 times of the habitat standard. In summer, the ammonia concentration is on average 4.1 times of the habitat standard, and the highest is 10.6 times of the habitat standard. Dynamic sampling test results show that cow urine can release most of the ammonia gas quickly in a short time and cow dung can release ammonia gas for a long time. The cow urine of Dairy Farm A and Dairy Farm B quickly releases ammonia within 8 h. But cow dung from Dairy Farm A releases ammonia for up to 60 h and cow dung from Dairy Farm B releases ammonia for up to 32 h. The ammonia emission coefficient of cow dung in Dairy Farm A is higher than that of cow urine, which is 1.35 times of that of cow urine. The ammonia emission coefficient of cow dung in Dairy Farm B is higher than that of cow urine, which is 2.27 times of that of the cow urine. The average ammonia emission coefficient of Dairy Farm A is 29.23%. The average ammonia emission coefficient of Dairy Farm B is 49.36%. The ammonia emission of cow urine in Dairy Farm A is higher than that of cow dung, accounting for 70.51% of total emissions in winter and 86.22% of total emissions in summer. The contribution of cow dung and cow urine to atmospheric ammonia emissions in winter and summer from Dairy Farm B is similar. In winter, the ammonia emissions of cow urine account for 53.06% of the total emissions, and the ammonia emissions of cow urine in summer account for 49.36% of the total emissions. Ammonia emissions from Dairy Farm A are 172.69 kg/d in winter and 284.70 kg/d in summer. And ammonia emissions from Dairy Farm B are 1 101.00 kg/d in winter and 1 395.32 kg/d in summer. Correlation analysis shows a significant positive correlation between ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, with a correlation coefficient of 0.911 (P<0.01).<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biogas - Body fluids - Ecosystems - Emission control - Fertilizers - Lakes - Mammals - Manures - Nitrogen - Sewage lagoons
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia concentrations - Ammonia emissions - Correlation analysis - Correlation coefficient - Dairy farms - Nitrogen distribution - Positive correlations - Pretreatment process
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.60e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.15e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.61e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.85e-07kg/m3, Percentage 2.92e+01%, Percentage 4.94e+01%, Percentage 5.31e+01%, Percentage 7.05e+01%, Percentage 8.62e+01%, Time 1.15e+05s, Time 2.16e+05s, Time 2.88e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20185206314600
Title:Design and test of capacitive detection system for wheat seeding quantity
Authors:Chen, Jianguo (1); Li, Yanming (1); Qin, Chengjin (1); Liu, Chengliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yanming(ymli@sjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:51-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, the methods of seeding detection are photoelectric-based method, image-based method and capacitance-based method. For the photoelectric-based method, the detection accuracy of photoelectric sensor is affected by the vibration, light, temperature and other factors on the farmland. When multiple seeds fall simultaneously, the refraction phenomenon of photoelectric sensor also affects the accurate detection. For the image-based method, its high precision detection provides a new way to improve the performance of wheat-planter seeding. However, image processing technology requires special equipment with high cost, and cameras are easy to be interfered by external light. Consequently, it is difficult to be widely applied in the complex environment on the farmland. Compared with photoelectric-based and image-based methods, the capacitance-based method is less affected by light and dust and thus has a strong environmental adaptability. However, when multiple seeds fall simultaneously, the detection accuracy of the capacitance-based method still needs to be improved. In this paper, a precise detection system for wheat-planter seeding quantity was designed using the capacitance-based method. The detection resolution and the constraint relation between the seeding speed and the sampling frequency determine the structure size of the capacitance sensor. To guarantee the detection accuracy, every seed should be detected only once as far as possible when it passes through the parallel plate of capacitance sensor. Then the initial sampling period can be determined according to the above sampling method. Meanwhile, high detection accuracy is difficult to be achieved due to the small capacitance change in detection system and the influence of parasitic capacitance and environment in conditioning circuit. Therefore, the capacitance analog-to-digital conversion chip of AD7746 is utilized to effectively reduce the error caused by the above factors. The signal acquisition and processing circuit for precise detection of wheat-planter was designed based on the AD7746 and the single chip microprocessor of STM8. Ideally, the seed passing through the capacitor plate will be sampled only once by the capacitive sensor. However, the times of the seed passing through the parallel plate will be changed with different wheat-planter seeding speeds, which will affect the distribution of sampling times when the seed passes through the capacitor plate. The least squares regression model of the real-time wheat-planter seeding quantity detection was built under the condition with the sampling period of 15 ms and the wheat-planter speed of 20 r/min. The results showed that when the sampling period is 15 ms, the relative error between the number of seeds calculated by the least squares regression model and the actual number of seeds increases with the speed of the wheat planter. Consequently, to make the detection system suitable for the different seeding speeds, a detecting method was proposed by changing the sampling period, in which the sampling period was reduced by 0.4 ms when the wheat-planter speed was increased by 5 r/min. The least square regression model established above is still applicable for this case. The results showed that high detection accuracy can be obtained for different seeding speeds, and the relative error was between -2.26%-2.17%.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Analog to digital conversion - Capacitance - Capacitive sensors - Design - Digital to analog conversion - Errors - Farms - Image enhancement - Least squares approximations - Machine design - Photoelectricity - Plates (structural components) - Regression analysis - Sensors - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Capacitance method - Detection resolutions - Environmental adaptability - High precision detections - Image processing technology - Least square regression models - Least squares regression - Single chip microprocessor
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 732 Control Devices - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -2.26e+00% to 2.17e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+00RPM, Time 1.50e-02s, Time 4.00e-04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20185206314621
Title:Biogas yield by mixed anaerobic fermentation of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste
Authors:Li, Xiuchen (1); Li, Feng (1); Zhang, Guochen (1); Zhang, Qian (1); Yang, Fuli (1); Mu, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) R&D Center of Fisheries Equipment and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Above 50% of kelp in weight is left as residue during kelp processing, and 25%-40% of the feed in aquaculture is converted to solid waste. Efficient and cost-effective utilization of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste is vital for sustainable development of modern fisheries. Experimental studies on biogas yield from two-phase fermentation of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste were carried out in the condition of (35±1)℃ medium temperature. The effects of TS concentration and inoculation rate on mixing hydrolytic acidification characteristics of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste were studied, and sequentially the biogas yield property from acidified liquor in a batch-adding manner was studied as well. Concentrations of VFA (volatile fatty acids) and their main components, COD (chemical oxygen demand), pH value, and so on were measured during mixing hydrolytic acidification process. Accordingly, the items including daily biogas yield, methane content in the biogas, and pH value were recorded during the fermentation process. Results showed that the mixing hydrolytic acidification process of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste was fast. The highest concentration of acetic acid was measured on the 2<sup>nd</sup> day of hydrolyzing, while the concentration of propionate acid and butyric acid increased relatively quickly after 5 days' hydrolyzing. Formic acid production during the mixing hydrolytic acidification process was relatively lower. With TS concentration of 6%, 8% and 10%, the acidifying degree of acetic acid and main organic acids (acetic acid + butyric acid + formic acid) reached 42.6%, 50.0%, 49.8% and 61.7%, 68.7%, 62.2%, respectively. Additionally, with inoculation rate of 10%, 20% and 30% for mixing hydrolytic acidification, the acidifying degree of the acetic acid and main organic acids were 50.7%, 44.3%, 40.3% and 69.4%, 57.5%, 58.0%, respectively, after 3 days' hydrolyzing. It was accordingly known that desired acidified liquor could be obtained for further fermentation and biogas production by mixing hydrolytic acidification of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste at (35±1) ℃ in 2-3 d if TS concentration, inoculation rate and pH value were kept at 8%-10%, 10%-20%, and 7.0-8.0, respectively. Furthermore, the fermentation of acidified liquor demonstrated that the biogas production process started quickly and kept an increasing biogas yield and methane content by batch-adding of acidified liquor and with the quantity ratios of acidified liquor to the inoculation methanogenic sludge of 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9. There was a measureable increase in pH value of liquor during the first 5 days and a little fluctuation in pH value in the ratios of 1:5 and 1:7 during the 11<sup>th</sup>-12<sup>th</sup> day, but stable pH value was found after 13 days. Relatively higher daily biogas yield and earlier peak of biogas yield were measured in the liquor of 1:9, followed by the liquor of 1:7 and 1:5. After the fermentation of 13 days, the quantity ratio of acidified liquor to the inoculation methanogenic sludge had no significant influence on the daily biogas yield and methane content in the biogas. Comparatively, with the quantity ratios of acidified liquor to the inoculation methanogenic sludge of 1:7 and 1:9, the biogas production efficiency could reach 489.4-581.5 mL/gVS and the methane content in the biogas reached 82.7%-84.9% after 8-13 days fermentation at (35±1) ℃ and pH value of 6.0-7.0. No excessive accumulation of VFA was observed during the fermentation process of the acidified liquor. Therefore higher efficiency and stability of biogas production may be achieved by mixing hydrolytic acidification and batch-adding fermentation of kelp residue and aquaculture solid waste.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Acidification - Aquaculture - Biogas - Butyric acid - Chemical oxygen demand - Cost effectiveness - Efficiency - Fermentation - Formic acid - Hydrolysis - Methanation - Methane - Mixing - pH - Process control - Solid wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Concentration of acetic acid - Fermentation process - Higher efficiency - Hydrolytic acidification - Hydrolytic acidification process - Kelp residue - Medium temperature
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.26e+01%, Percentage 4.43e+01%, Percentage 4.98e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.07e+01%, Percentage 5.75e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 6.17e+01%, Percentage 6.22e+01%, Percentage 6.87e+01%, Percentage 6.94e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 1.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 8.27e+01% to 8.49e+01%, Age 1.37e-02yr, Age 2.19e-02yr to 3.56e-02yr, Age 3.56e-02yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01% to 4.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.03e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20185206314599
Title:Correction model of energy consumption evaluation of cluster motor system based on levenberg-marquardt algorithm
Authors:Qu, Bo (1, 2); Sun, Xiaofei (3); Zhang, Xinhe (2); Huang, Wei (2); Su, Juan (3); Du, Songhuai (3); Zhai, Qingzhi (3); Sun, Ruonan (3); Lou, Zhenyi (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin; 300072, China; (2) China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing; 100192, China; (3) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Su, Juan(sujuan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:44-50
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a large agricultural country. Motor is the main energy consuming equipment in agricultural production. With the continuous growth of global energy consumption, environmental and energy problems are becoming increasingly prominent. Energy-saving of motor systems has become the focus of attention in China. There are 3 main methods for calculating the conventional energy consumption of motor systems. One is to calculate the energy consumption of the system in real time by monitoring the input and output data of the motor. However, this method is limited to monitor the current energy consumption level and cannot analyze the energy consumption under the global load rate. The other is to construct the energy consumption model of the system based on the nameplate of the motor manufacturer and calculate the energy consumption with the measurable data. However, with the increase of the use time of the motor and the improper maintenance, or because of the influence of temperature, humidity and aging of the motor on the running state of the motor, the real value of the energy consumption parameters in the energy consumption model often cannot reach the initial value. The initial value leads to large calculation error. The last one is to build motor loss model by measuring and calculating iron loss, copper loss, mechanical loss and stray loss, and then analyze its energy consumption. However, this method requires high data measurement ability and complex calculation, and even requires shutdown operation, which is not practical in application.The aim of this study was to propose an energy consumption correction method for cluster motor system based on the parameter identification theory to ensure and increase the calculation accuracy and evaluation capability of the energy consumption model. The levenberg-marquardt (LM) algorithmwas used to recognize the rated efficiency, rated variable loss and constant loss parameters of a single motor and cluster motor system, then a calibration model for energy consumption calculation of the motor based on recognized parameters was constructed to achieve correction of system energy consumption model. Based on the above theory, a typical three-motor cluster motor system was set up as a physical experiment platform sample to acquire real operating data, which included rated voltage U<inf>N</inf>=220 V, rated current I<inf>N</inf>=0.5 A, rated frequency f<inf>N</inf>=50 Hz, rated power P<inf>N</inf>=1 000 W, as well as rated rotor speed n<inf>N</inf>=1 420 r/min. The results showed that the calibration energy consumption model of this study can dramatically decrease the error of energy consumption calculation of cluster motor system and have strong engineering practicability, and it provided an effective technical approach for energy evaluation and energy saving modification of motor energy consumption system.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Energy utilization
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Energy conservation - Experiments - Identification (control systems) - Models - Parameter estimation - Partial discharges
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Calculation accuracy - Energy consumption model - Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm - Motor systems - Parameter identification theory - Physical experiments - System energy consumption
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20185206314618
Title:Cow movement behavior classification based on optimal binary decision-tree classification model
Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Zhang, Haiyang (1); Zhao, Kaixuan (1); Liu, Gang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:202-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Changes in behavioral activity are increasingly recognized as a useful indicator of dairy cows' health and welfare. The classifying of changes in behavioral activity can be useful in early detection and prevention of diseases, and monitoring dairy cows' behavioral activity helps farmers to take a comprehensive view of the dairy cows' estrus time. The aim of this study is to automatically measure and distinguish several behavior activities of dairy cows from accelerometer data. The study consists of 2 parts, namely, wireless leg sensor and binary decision-tree algorithm. The wireless leg sensor was designed to collect test data, which integrates microcontroller MSP430F149IMP, tri-axial accelerometer ADXL345, and radio frequency module CC1101 to meet the requirements of accurately collecting data of the acceleration of dairy cows, and long-term reliable transmission of data. The binary decision-tree algorithm was designed to classify the behavior of dairy cows. Firstly, 24 statistical features describing the magnitude, symmetry, steepness, variability, uncertainty and angle of the three-axis acceleration of cow legs were selected. Secondly, the best classification behavior category and optimal threshold of each statistical feature were obtained by constructing ROC(receiver operating characteristic) curve. Then the information gain is used as the selection criterion for the split attribute of the binary decision-tree model. Finally, a optimal binary decision tree classification model is constructed to classify and recognize the dairy cow motion behavior. Compared with the traditional binary decision-tree algorithm, the innovation of the algorithm is as follows: Firstly, the ROC curve principle is used to ensure the classification and threshold of each statistical feature to select the local optimal. Then the information gain is used as the split attribute selection standard, and the binary decision-tree classification model is constructed to realize the overall optimal classification of the behavior characteristics of the dairy cows. The results illustrate that the optimal binary decision-tree algorithm can accurately classify 6 types of biologically relevant behavior: standing (88.59% sensitivity, 83.35% precision, and 85.89% F1 score ), lying (85.59% sensitivity, 86.04% precision, and 86% F1 score), normal walking (73.91% sensitivity, 84.25% precision, and 78.74% F1 score), active walking (75.75% sensitivity, 74.46% precision, and 75.1% F1 score), standing up (67.63% sensitivity, 67.81% precision, and 67.72% F1 score), and lying down (66.96% sensitivity, 65.06% precision, and 65.99% F1 score). The highest sensitivity was 88.59% for standing and the sensitivity was good for all classes of behavior except standing up and lying down. The best precision was achieved for standing, lying, and normal walking. The precision for active walking classification was slightly lower but substantially better than those for standing up and lying down. Standing and lying behavior were classified correctly to a high degree, but were also misclassified as other behavior. Normal walking was mainly misclassified as either standing or active walking (18.79% of the cases). Active walking was misclassified most often as standing or normal walking (18.43% of the cases). Standing up and lying down were mostly confused with each other (15.53% and 14.92% of the cases, respectively). The average sensitivity, the average precision and the average F1 score of the classification are 76.47%, 76.83%, and 76.57% respectively. Compared with the traditional ID3 (iterative dichotomiser 3) decision-tree algorithm, they are increased by 5.71 percentage points, 5.4 percentage points and 5.61 percentage points respectively; they are increased by 7.51 percentage points, 8.02 percentage points and 7.77 percentage points respectively compared with the K-means clustering algorithm, and 6.77 percentage points, 6.72 percentage points and 6.57 percentage points respectively compared with the support vector machine algorithm. The experimental results show that the optimal binary decision-tree algorithm has the characteristics of simple classification rules and high classification accuracy. This research of the method can provide an effective theoretical support for improving the classification accuracy of dairy cow behavior.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Accelerometers - Algorithms - Binary trees - Clustering algorithms - Data acquisition - Data handling - Data mining - Data processing - Decision trees - Iterative methods - Radio transmission - Trees (mathematics) - Walking aids
Uncontrolled terms:Behavior classification - Binary decision trees - Data aqusition - Receiver operating characteristic curves - Triaxial accelerometer
Classification code:461.5 Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.49e+01%, Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 1.88e+01%, Percentage 6.51e+01%, Percentage 6.70e+01%, Percentage 6.76e+01%, Percentage 6.78e+01%, Percentage 7.39e+01%, Percentage 7.45e+01%, Percentage 7.58e+01%, Percentage 7.65e+01%, Percentage 7.66e+01%, Percentage 7.68e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.42e+01%, Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 8.86e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20185206314622
Title:Effect of biogas slurry of medium and high temperature digestion on growth of chlorella with semi-continuous culture
Authors:Wang, Zhongjiang (1, 2); Si, Ailong (1); Liu, Zhuo (1); Li, Ze (1); Wang, Lili (1); Wang, Guixiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Technology and Equipment for the Utilization of Agricultural Renewable Resources, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:235-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The experimental Chlorella of Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-5 and Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-8 was cultured in a 1 000 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 700 mL nutrient solution in an artificial climate incubator. The culture temperature, illuminance, airflow rate and continuous illumination time were (26±1)℃, 4 000 lx, 1.5 L/min and 24 h, respectively. The biogas slurry of chicken manure achieved after anaerobic digestion at medium temperature (35 ℃) and high temperature (55 ℃) for 45 d was used as nutrient source for Chlorella culture. The main compositions and characteristics of biogas slurry digested at 35 and 55 ℃ were 2 417.63 and 2 554.37 mg/L for total nitrogen, 2 218.27 and 2 376.24 mg/L for ammonium nitrogen, 16.91 and 13.44 mg/L for total phosphorus, 10 021.82 and 10 104.13 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 8.25 and 8.18 for pH value, 698 and 653 NTU for turbidity, and 2.68 and 2.52 mPa•s for viscosity, respectively. The semi-continuous culture of Chlorella was realized by discharging nutrient solution of 10% and adding new nutrient solution of 10% at the same time daily. Furthermore, the addition ratios of unsterilized biogas slurry in daily new nutrient solution were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. Effects of 3 different addition ratios of unsterilized biogas slurry digested at 35 and 55 ℃ on the semi-continuous culture of Chlorella were studied systematically based on the analysis of nutrient solution during Chlorella culture including OD<inf>680</inf>, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, and so on. The results showed that the Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-5 and Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-8 could adapt the culture environment well and grow rapidly when the addition ratios of unsterilized biogas slurry in daily new nutrient solution were 10% and 20%. Furthermore, the OD<inf>680</inf> values of 2 types of Chlorella were maintained at 2.40-2.69 at the end of Chlorella culture for 10 d. However, the growth of FACHB-5 and FACHB-8 in the later period of culture experiment was restrained significantly when the addition ratio of unsterilized biogas slurry in daily new nutrient solution was 30%. Furthermore, the growth rates and adaptive capacity of FACHB-5 in the nutrient solution containing more biogas slurry were better than that of FACHB-8. A similar fluctuation trend was achieved in OD<inf>680</inf> of different comparative samples with biogas slurry addition. However, the OD<inf>680</inf> values of comparative samples with 55 ℃ digestive biogas slurry were over 0.13 higher than that of comparative samples with 35 ℃ digestive biogas slurry, especially for the comparative samples with biogas slurry of 10% and 20% addition ratios. Moreover, the OD<inf>680</inf> values of FACHB-5 and FACHB-8 were maintained at 1.98-2.15 and 1.79-1.92 at the end of Chlorella culture for 10 d, respectively. Therefore, the effects of biogas slurry digested at 55 ℃ on semi-continuous culture of Chlorella were superior than that of biogas slurry digested at 35 ℃. The results supply references for the theoretical research and subsequent large-scale application of Chlorella culture using biogas slurry digested at different temperatures.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Algae - Anaerobic digestion - Chemical oxygen demand - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Growth (materials) - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphorus
Uncontrolled terms:Appending proportion - Biogas slurry - Chlorella - Chlorella pyrenoidosa - Culture environments - Large-scale applications - Semi-continuous - Theoretical research
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Illuminance 4.00e+03lx, Mass_Density 1.04e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.34e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.69e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.76e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.54e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Time 8.64e+04s, Volume 1.00e-03m3, Volume 7.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20185206314604
Title:Design and parameter optimization of planetary gear-train slip type pot seedling planting mechanism
Authors:Ji, Jiangtao (1, 2); Yang, Linhui (1); Jin, Xin (1, 2); Gao, Song (1); Pang, Jing (1); Wang, Jinglin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xin(jx.771@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:83-92
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The perpendicularity is an important index for evaluating the quality of pot seedling transplanting. At present, the planting mechanism easily resulted in lower tilt and lower perpendicularity of seedling, which leads to lower survival rate of the seedling in the bowl. In order to solve this problem, according to the agronomic requirements of pot seedling planting and based on the physical characteristics of pot seedling, the design requirements of planting mechanism were put forward in this paper, and a planetary gear-train slid way planting mechanism was designed. Through the cooperation of the planetary gear train and the slide track, the pot seedling planting in the bowl was accomplished by the way of shooting seeding, and the operation process of the mechanism was analyzed, and the kinematics model of the mechanism was established. Based on MATLAB, the optimization software of auxiliary analysis of planting mechanism was compiled, and the planting track and structural parameters of the mechanism were optimized, and a group of optimal structural parameters that meet the requirements of seedling planting was obtained, that means, the radius of solar wheel R<inf>0</inf>= 20 mm, the radius of middle wheel R<inf>1</inf>= 15 mm, the radius of planetary wheel R<inf>2</inf>=10 mm, the length of connecting rod(BC) L<inf>1</inf>= 100 mm, the length of rod CD on planting arm L<inf>2</inf>= 150 mm, the length of rod CF on planting arm L<inf>3</inf>= 80 mm, the length of duck bill planter(FG) L<inf>4</inf>= 140 mm, the distance from point E to origin of coordinate O on a slide DE L<inf>5</inf>= 100 mm, the angle of initial installation of planetary frame(OB) α<inf>0</inf>= 45°, the angle between connecting rod BC and X axis α<inf>1</inf>= 45°, the angle between rod DC and rod CF of planting arm β=176°, and the angle between slide DE and X axis θ=108°. In this combination, the structure design and 3D virtual assembly of the planting mechanism were completed, and the virtual movement and simulation analysis of the mechanism were carried out in ADAMS, and the rationality and accuracy of the mechanism design were verified. According to the optimized parameters, the physical prototype was produced, and the field experiment was carried out with the vertical degree of the bowl seedling as the main test index. The field test results showed that when the speed of the planter was 450 mm per second and the planting frequency was 74 plants per minute, the transplanting perpendicularity was high, and the qualified rate was 94%, which meets the requirements of planting performance. The results can provide references for designing planting mechanism of potted seedling transplanting machine.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Connecting rods - Epicyclic gears - Experiments - Machine design - MATLAB - Optimization - Structural optimization - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Optimization software - Optimized parameter - Parameter optimization - Physical characteristics - Planetary gear train - Seedling transplanting - Simulation analysis - Structural parameter
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.40e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.40e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 4.50e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20185206314612
Title:Water movement law through unsaturated zone in severe and mild saline-alkali fields in arid region
Authors:Han, Dongmei (1, 2); Zhou, Tiantian (1, 2); Ma, Ying (1, 2); Song, Xianfang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) School of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:152-159
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To investigate water movement through the unsaturated zone under different kinds of irrigation modes can provide scientific basis for decreasing dryland salinity in arid area. Most researches focused on controlling water and salt conditions of the topsoil or creating a suitable environment within the root zone for plants growth. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of soil water movement in the unsaturated zone under drip irrigation and its impacts on groundwater recharge, or the relationship between soil water and groundwater. In this study, we analyzed water movement through the unsaturated zone in severe (Plot 1) and mild (Plot 2) saline-alkali cotton fields of the Karamay Agricultural Development Area (KADA) accompanied by interbasin water transfer, based on in-situ observation, stable isotopes tracing, and numerical simulation. The results show that under matric potential controlled drip irrigation, infiltration depths are about 0-150 cm for both plots, and the dynamics of soil water content (SWC) and soil water potential (SWP) show the responses to irrigation and evapotranspiration. Soil water in this layer is the mixture of antecedent soil water and irrigation water during the observation. The depths of 150-260 cm for Plot 1 and 250-350 cm for Plot 2 are affected by capillary upflow from groundwater, and the dynamics of the SWC and SWP vary with the water table depth. Soil water in these depths is the mixture of the antecedent water and groundwater. There is a middle layer (150-250 cm) in Plot 2, neither affected by infiltration nor groundwater capillary rise, along with dynamic balance of SWC and SWP. And soil water in this layer is dominated by the antecedent water. According to HYDRUS-1D modelling results, for Plot 1, irrigation (precipitation) and groundwater respectively account for 92.1% and 7.9% of the sources of the unsaturated zone, while evapotranspiration and soil water storage increase account for 64.3% and 35.7% of the sinks of the unsaturated zone, respectively. For Plot 2, irrigation (precipitation) and groundwater account for 85.0% and 15.0% of the sources of the unsaturated zone, respectively, while evapotranspiration and soil water storage increase account for 92.4% and 7.6% of the sinks of the unsaturated zone, respectively. The ratio difference at these 2 plots is caused by higher irrigation amount along with higher matric potential control level at Plot 1. There is a two-way exchange between deep soil water and groundwater, and groundwater recharges soil water in general. The current drip irrigation mode in the cotton fields can be conductive to salt leaching out of the main root zone, i.e., within the 60 cm depth below ground surface in this area. Plot 2 was less prone to secondary salinization in comparison with Plot 1 due to the middle layer extending the distance between the root zone and groundwater. However, the water table rise of about 50-60 cm during the observation period implies the potential risk of secondary soil salinization and groundwater salinization. To prevent above phenomena, enhancing water-saving irrigation and improving current drainage systems are in urgent need.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Cotton - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Isotopes - Mixtures - Recharging (underground waters) - Saline water - Soil moisture - Soils - Water - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Arid area - Ground water recharge - HYDRUS-1D - Stable isotopes - Unsaturated zone
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 3.57e+01%, Percentage 6.43e+01%, Percentage 7.60e+00%, Percentage 7.90e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.21e+01%, Percentage 9.24e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.50e+00m, Size 1.50e+00m to 2.50e+00m, Size 1.50e+00m to 2.60e+00m, Size 2.50e+00m to 3.50e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20185206314631
Title:Effects of different packaging methods on protein oxidation and degradation of beef during refrigeration storage
Authors:Fu, Qingquan (1); Zhang, Wangang (2); Song, Shangxin (1); Wang, Haiou (1); Chen, Shoujiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing; 211171, China; (2) College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Food Control, Ministry of Education/Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing; 210095, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Air packaging (AP), vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) have been widely used during chilled storage in retail meat market. However, different packaging has its advantage and disadvantage. AP can get desirable red color in a short time, but protein oxidation and lipid oxidation occur during cold storage. VP keeps a stable purple color and increases the shelf life of fresh meat. However, VP can cause liquid exudation and product deformation of fresh meat. MAP with 80% oxygen can maintain desirable and stable cherry red color of fresh meat and extend the shelf life of fresh beef. Nevertheless, it can possibly cause protein oxidation and lipid oxidation of fresh meat during chilled storage. Protein oxidation is the covalent modification of proteins induced by reactive oxygen species or by-products of oxidative stress. Previous researches have demonstrated that protein oxidation inhibits μ-calpain activity, which may influence the rate and degree of protein degradation of fresh meat. The aim of this study was to examine effects of AP and high-oxygen MAP (80% O<inf>2</inf> + 20% CO<inf>2</inf>) on the tenderness of beef samples during postmortem cold storage using VP as control. Six longissimus dorsi muscles of Simmental purebred yellow cattle were precooled at 4℃ for 24 h, which were then randomly assigned to MAP, VP and AP, and stored for 0, 4, 7 and 10 d respectively at 4℃. The carbonyl content and distribution, the values of protein surface hydrophobicity, the solubility values of myofibrillar protein, sarcoplasmic protein and total protein, and the degradation of desmin and titin were determined, respectively. The results showed that AP and MAP presented the stronger fluorescence light signal in a peripheral area, and the fluorescence light signal spread to the internal cellular environment, which showed that the extent of protein oxidation increased. The values of protein surface hydrophobicity of beef samples from AP and MAP were significantly higher than that of the samples from VP (P<0.05), while the protein solubility values of beef samples from AP and MAP were significantly lower than that of the samples from VP 10 d after the storage (P<0.05). The degradation of desmin and titin of beef samples from AP and MAP was significantly lower compared to the VP 7 and 10 d after the storage (P<0.05), which showed protein oxidation further inhibited the degradation of desmin and titin. Increased protein oxidation under AP and MAP inhibits the degradation of the key protein during postmortem cold storage.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Modified atmosphere packaging
Controlled terms:Beef - Cold storage - Color - Fluorescence - Hydrophobicity - Internal oxidation - Oxygen - Packaging - Proteins - Refrigeration - Silicon compounds - Solubility
Uncontrolled terms:High oxygens - Protein degradation - Protein oxidation - Protions - Vacuum packaging
Classification code:644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 694.1 Packaging, General - 694.4 Storage - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20185206314610
Title:Spatial variability analysis of large-scale soil water, salt and heat characteristics in Baotou lake irrigation area of Xinjiang
Authors:Wang, Quanjiu (1, 2); Bi, Lei (1); Zhang, Jihong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Xi'an University of Technology, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:138-145
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a highly heterogeneous soil, its spatial variability has seriously affected the formulation of precise management measures for water and salt in farmland and the efficient use of farmland water and soil resources. The purpose of this paper was to study the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial variability of soil water, salinity and heat in large scale region. Taking the Baotou Lake region of Xinjiang as an example, the soil samples were taken about 1 week after the spring irrigation, and soil moisture, salinity, bulk density, and particle composition were measured. The spatial distribution characteristics of water, salt, thermal parameters were analyzed by using a combination of classical statistics and geostatistics and GS+ software and ARCGIS software were used to process the data. The soil moisture, salinity, and soil texture were analyzed. The soil thermal conductivity and soil heat capacity were calculated. The spatial distribution feature maps were plotted. The results showed that soil moisture and salinity gradually increased with the increase of soil depth. According to the classification standard of Xinjiang Soils, the soil in the studied area belonged to the moderate salinized soil. The overall thermal conductivity of the soils were low, with a minimum value of 0.134 W/(m•K) and a maximum value of 0.732 W/(m•K). The soil thermal conductivity averaged around 0.5 W/(m•K). The soil heat capacity increased with the increase of soil depth. The maximum value was 3.004 J/(m•K) and the minimum value was 1.321 J/(m•K). The soil bulk density had a weak variability; soil moisture content, thermal conductivity and heat capacity all had moderately weak variability; soil salinity had a strong variability. The semivariogram functions of soil moisture, soil salinity and soil thermal conductivity could be fitted by Gaussian models. The semivariance function of soil heat capacity could be fitted by an exponential model. There was a strong spatial dependence between the soil moisture at the same depth. The random factors accounted for low degree of total variation. The maximum correlation distance was 2 600 m-3 900 m. The sampling distance was about 1 500 m, which was reasonable. The spatial distribution maps of salt salinity interpolated by Kriging interpolation showed that the soil moisture was low in the middle area of the study area and increased from the east to the west. The Kriging interpolation showed that the soil salinity had an increasing trend from north to south. With the increase of soil depth, the peak area of the "circular" peak area gradually decreased and the shape formed a strip distribution area. And the lower values of the thermal conductivity of the surface soil were mainly distributed in the northeast-southwest direction, and the distribution belt with lower values gradually shifted westward as the soil depth increased. At the soil depth of 20-40 cm, there was a relatively significant positive correlation between soil moisture and salinity, and the range of positive correlation was about 1 km. This research results could provide valuable information for local agricultural irrigation and precision agriculture production.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Farms - Interpolation - Irrigation - Lakes - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soils - Spatial distribution - Spatial variables measurement - Specific heat - Thermal conductivity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Classification standard - Distribution characteristics - Heat characteristics - Salinity - Soil thermal conductivity - Spatial distribution map - Spatial heterogeneity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+03m, Size 1.50e+03m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.60e+03m to 3.90e+03m, Thermal_Conductivity 1.34e-01W/m*K, Thermal_Conductivity 5.00e-01W/m*K, Thermal_Conductivity 7.32e-01W/m*K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20185206314607
Title:Simulation analysis and experiment for three-axis working resistances of rotary blade based on discrete element method
Authors:Xiong, Pingyuan (1, 2); Yang, Zhou (1); Sun, Zhiquan (1); Zhang, Qianqian (1); Huang, Yangqing (1); Zhang, Zhuowei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Department of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou; 510225, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zhou(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:113-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:During operation of a small rotary tiller, the three-axis working resistances of rotary blade will directly influence the power consumption, moving stationarity of whole machine and wear of blade. Therefore, it is important to measure values of three-axis working resistances and analyze the relative changing rules. But so far, it has been difficult to measure these resistances using a three-dimensional force sensor because the rotary blades are buried in the soil during operation. Discrete element method is a common method to study particle dynamics. Therefore, it would be a feasible solution to discuss the interaction between rotary blade and soil based on discrete element method. Firstly, physical characteristics and mechanical properties of soil from orchard in Guangdong Province were studied by experiments. The soil particles could be regarded as some spheres with a diameter of 1.25 mm. Secondly, a 3D model of rotary blade was reconstructed by reverse engineering. Comparing the side-edge curve of blade in model with Archimedes line, it showed that the 3D model had higher precision. Thirdly, through analyzing the bonding state of soil particles, the formula of computing bonding radius was presented. Lastly, the simulation model to study three-axis resistances of rotary blade was established by EDEM2.6 software, with size of 300 mm×300 mm×600 mm, and particle number of 150 000. Experimental results in the soil bin showed that the practical measured values of torque had the same changing tendency as the simulated results, and the maximum relative error was only 10%. The changing rule of rotation shaft torque was that the value increased to a maximum from 0, then decreased to a minimal value gradually, and then increased to a high value fast, finally decreased again, which agreed with the actual working conditions of blades. Simulation for resistances of single rotary blade indicated that the horizontal resistance acted in the same direction to forward speed, the lateral resistance acted in the direction from inner face of blade to back, but the vertical resistance acted in the direction of down, and then up. The maximum values of horizontal resistance and lateral resistance both occurred at the maximum plowing depth, while maximal value of vertical resistance appeared when the blade turned about 30°. Comparing values of horizontal and vertical resistances with theoretical results and experimental results, it was found that they were the same change law with rotation angle of cutter shaft; meanwhile, the simulation values were more coincident with the experimental values. Finally, single factor simulation tests showed that the maximums of three-axis resistances increased with the increase of the rotation speed, when rotational speed was more than 250 r/min, the increase speed was faster. Maximums of lateral and vertical resistance slowly increased with the increase of forward speed, but maximum of horizontal resistance was in decline. Tilling depth had significant effect on three-axis resistances, so the greater the tilling depth, the bigger the maximums of three-axis resistances, and the power consumption would also increase sharply. This study can provide the reference for saving energy, improving stationarity of rotary tiller and reducing blade wear, and also can prove the feasibility of using discrete element method to analyze three-axis resistances of rotary blade.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Turbomachine blades
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Computer simulation - Computer software - Electric power utilization - Finite difference method - Reverse engineering - Soil testing - Soils - Speed - Three dimensional computer graphics - Wear of materials
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental values - Horizontal resistance - Maximum relative errors - Physical characteristics - Rotary blades - Simulation analysis - Three dimensional forces - Three-axis
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.50e+02RPM, Size 1.25e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20185206314597
Title:Design and experiment of asymmetric large-small double discs ditching device
Authors:Wang, Chao (1); Liu, Congjing (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Wang, Qingjie (1); He, Jin (1); Lu, Caiyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:28-36
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Currently, there is a large amount of maize straw mulching on farmland in Northeast China. Under conditions of conservation tillage, there are large amount of straws mulching on soil surface that it required the opener of no-tillage seeder should have excellent functions for straw cutting, anti-blocking and seedbed cleaning, as well as stable ditching performance that can keep the ditch depth and the ditch width fluctuating uniformly. During the mechanized sowing period, maize no-tillage seeder with sharp angle opener is facing the problem of seriously clogged up and high-power consumption, while planter with disc opener shows little disturbance to soil under straw mulching condition and a good trafficability. However, large positive pressure and counterweight that auxiliary ditching operation will be needed for general double disc opener, with poor soil entry ability and straw blockage problem, especially in the conditions of large amount of straw mulching on the surface of farmland, the disc opener will press the straw into furrow instead of cutting them off when ditching in farmland with quantities of straw mulching. Based on the above issues, an asymmetric large-small double disc ditching device for corn seeding was put forward in this paper, which is mainly composed of large disc, small disc, direct-axis, oblique-axis and rack. The large disc and the small disc are arranged asymmetrically, which forming rotating connection with the rack by direct-axis and oblique-axis respectively. The rotating plane of the large disc is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the small disc is inclined setting. The angle between the rotating plane of the small disc and the vertical plane is 8° (the working inclination of small disc), besides, the angle between the rotating plane of the small disc and the direction of the ditching operation is 12° (the working deflection of small disc). When working, large disc mounted on front of small disc cuts maize straw and stubble in advance, and then small disc that staggered set in the rear-lower part removes straws and ditches seed furrows, in order to prepare clean seedbeds for maize sowing. Based on mechanical analysis and kinematics analysis, diameter of large disc and small disc was obtained, which was 460 mm and 360 mm respectively. The gathering point located on the front edge of the small disc that gathering point angle of small disc is 56°, meanwhile the gathering point located in the interior of large disc with radius of 190 mm, gathering point angle of 56°. The performance of asymmetric large-small double disc ditching device was tested by EDEM simulations and field experiments without straw mulching on soil in advance beforehand, and the difference of ditching depth and ditching width were 2.15 mm and 1.62 mm respectively. Results of field experiments under wheat straw mulching showed that asymmetric large-small double disc ditching device could realize relatively stable and reliable ditching effect. Under straw mulching conditions, the ditching device could meet the requirements of no-tillage maize sowing, the average ditching depth was 71.41 mm and the average ditching width was 38.27 mm. Besides, anti-blocking performance of asymmetric large-small double disc ditching device was tested in field experiments with 4 straw mulching amount(full-straw coverage, small amount of coverage (0.66 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), middle amount of coverage (1.64 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), large amount of coverage (2.18 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)), at 2 different working speeds (4 km/h, 6 km/h). Anti-blocking tests indicated that the ditching device was operating smoothly, and there was no obvious blockage and continuous breaking in the ditch overall, which revealed better straw-cutting capability and enhanced penetrability. The device meets the requirements of agronomic production and standards of maize sowing, and this research can provide theoretical support and technical basis for the development of maize no-tillage planter.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Disks (machine components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cultivation - Design - Experiments - Farms - Machine design - Soil conservation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Asymmetric - Blocking performance - Conservation tillage - Cutting capability - Discs ditching device - High power consumption - Kinematics analysis - Mechanical analysis
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.62e-03m, Size 1.90e-01m, Size 2.15e-03m, Size 3.60e-01m, Size 3.83e-02m, Size 4.60e-01m, Size 7.14e-02m, Surface_Density 1.64e+00kg/m2, Surface_Density 2.18e+00kg/m2, Surface_Density 6.60e-01kg/m2, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s, Velocity 1.67e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20185206314606
Title:Effects of spacing-adjustable wide-narrow row on growth characteristics and yield of machine-transplanted mid- and late- season rice
Authors:Zhu, Dequan (1); Chu, Tingting (1); Wu, Liquan (2); Zhang, Shun (1); He, Haibing (2); Zhang, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) School of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Liquan(wlq-001@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:102-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of different row spacing on the growth characteristics and yield of single cropping medium rice and double cropping late rice, single cropping medium rice (Fengliangyouxiang No.1 and Huiliangyou 898) and double cropping late rice (Zhendao No.18 and Shangnongjing No.2) were machine-transplanted in five row spacing: three narrow-wide rows of 20 cm+30 cm, 25 cm+30 cm and 25 cm+35 cm, and 2 uniform rows of 25 cm and 30 cm. The plant height, leaf area index, tiller dynamics, dry matter weight, yield and component factors of rice were compared among five rows spacing. The results showed that: 1) The row spacing had no significant effect on plant height at each growth period, but had significant effect on leaf area index, number of tillers and dry matter quality (P<0.01). The effect of row spacing on these traits depended on the types of cultivars used. The leaf area index of 4 rice varieties was affected by row spacing at the jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and maturity stage, but the degree of influence was different. The efforts of jointing and mature period were the most significant. The number of tillers and spike rate at each growth stage of single cropping medium rice was the highest in the narrow-wide row of 25 cm+35 cm, and gradually stabilized after the heading. The dry matter quality and growth rate of the single-cropping medium rice increased with the increase of row spacing, but double cropping late rice showed the opposite trend. 2) The average yield of different varieties of machine-transplanted rice was significantly different in row spacing and among varieties (P<0.05), but it was not significantly affected by different years. With the increase of the row spacing, the average yield of single cropping medium rice showed a trend of row spacing distribution Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ. The average yield of row spacing distribution V (25 cm + 35 cm) of Fengliangyouxiang No.1 and Huiliangyou 898 was 0.74%-4.59% and 1.27%-5.58% higher than the other four kinds of row spacing distribution respectively. In contrast, the average yield of double cropping late rice showed a trend of row spacing distribution Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ. The average yield of row spacing distribution Ⅱ(20 cm+30 cm) of Zhendao No.18 and Shangnongjing No.2 was 0.10%~14.09% and 1.02%~7.67% higher than the other 4 kinds of row spacing distribution respectively. The average yield ranking of 4 rice varieties in 2 a experiments was as follows: Fengliangyouxiang No.1 (8624.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>)>Zhendao No.18 (8 294.8 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>)>Huiliangyou 898(8 202.9 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>)>Shangnongjing No.2 (6 827.2 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). 3) Among the factors of yield composition, the effective panicles (coefficient of variation 1.93% to 7.50%), grain number of panicle (coefficient of variation 1.58% to 6.08%) and seed setting rate (coefficient of variation was 0.86% to 4.54%) were influenced greatly by row spacing, and the row spacing had less influence on 1000-grain weight (coefficient of variation was 0.81% to 2.70%) and spike length (coefficient of variation was 0.89% to 2.82%). In addition to no significant correlation between 1000-grain weight and yield, the spike length, grain number of panicle and seed setting rate of 4 varieties had obviously positive correlation with yield. In the region along the Yangtze River and Jianghuai region in Anhui Province, the narrow-wide rows distribution of 25 cm+35 cm should be recommended for single cropping medium rice varieties, and narrow-wide rows distribution of 20 cm+30 cm should be selected for double cropping late rice varieties, which is conducive to promoting the quality and high yield of different types of rice varieties. The results indicated the laws of yield formation of different types of machine-transplanting rice in different row spacing distributions, which can provide the reference for selection of machine-transplanted varieties and setting of machine-transplanted row spacing for single cropping medium rice and double cropping late rice in the above regions.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Machinery - Mechanization - Plants (botany) - Population statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Growth characteristic - Leaf Area Index - Population growth rates - Positive correlations - Row spacing - Yield - Yield formations
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.27e+00% to 5.58e+00%, Percentage 1.58e+00% to 6.08e+00%, Percentage 1.93e+00% to 7.50e+00%, Percentage 7.40e-01% to 4.59e+00%, Percentage 8.10e-01% to 2.70e+00%, Percentage 8.60e-01% to 4.54e+00%, Percentage 8.90e-01% to 2.82e+00%, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20185206314617
Title:Image recognition of Camellia oleifera diseases based on convolutional neural network & transfer learning
Authors:Long, Mansheng (1, 2); Ouyang, Chunjuan (1, 2); Liu, Huan (1, 2); Fu, Qing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an; 343009, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology and Geographical Environment Monitoring of NASG, Ji'an; 343009, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:194-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Leaf diseases are a serious problem in Camellia oleifera production. The occurrence of Camellia oleifera disease is affected by various factors, such as variety, cultivation environment, climate condition and management level. The key to effective prevention and cure of Camellia oleifera disease is to identify the disease type timely and accurately. Traditional computer vision methods for plant leaf disease recognition depend heavily on time-consuming and elaborate feature design. To solve this problem, a recognition model of Camellia olerfera leaf diseases based on convolutional neural network was proposed and transfer learning was used to improve model's performance. Deep convolutional neural network has powerful capacities of feature learning and feature expression, which was used to learn features of diseased Camellia oleifera leaves. Transfer learning method was used to transfer the knowledge learned from ImageNet dataset by AlexNet to the identification task of Camellia oleifera diseases. The proposed model was implemented with Python programming language under the deep learning framework of Tensorflow by modifying the output number of the last fully connected layers in AlexNet to 5. We collected Camellia oleifera leaves in artificial Camellia oleifera land and took photos by mobile phone in bright indoor environment after flattening leaves. Leaf images were first converted from RGB (red, green, blue) color space to HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) color space, and then background was removed by threshold segmentation on hue and saturation channels. After segmentation, morphological open and close operations with a radius of 3 pixels were performed to remove burrs, holes and other noises, and thus the leaf mask was obtained by filling holes. Leaf mask was multiplied with the original image to obtain the colored leaf region. The colored leaf region was then rotated according to its principal axis angle and aligned horizontally. Based on the long edge, leaf image was scaled to 256×256 pixels. After these pretreatments, Camellia oleifera leaf images were manually identified as algal spot, soft rot, sooty mould, yellows and healthy leaf. A total of 750 images for each disease category were selected to form data set, 80% of samples were randomly selected for train set, and the remaining 20% for test set. To simulate different views of image acquisition and reduce over-fitting of network models, image datasets of diseased Camellia oleifera leaf were augmented by random crop, random rotation and random perspective transformation. To save space for huge amount of augmented images, data augmentation was executed online when training. In random crop mode, image is randomly cropped from 256×256 to 227×227 pixels. In random rotation mode, image is randomly rotated by 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. In order to avoid serious distortion of the transformed image, the displacement of the corresponding point in perspective transformation is limited to 10% of the image width and height. A total of 54 experiments were performed on Nvidia GPU with a combination of 2 learning methods (training from scratch, transfer learning), 3 data augmentation modes (no augmentation, random cropping, sequential execution of random cropping, perspective transformation and rotation), 3 regularization coefficients (0.0, 0.0005, 0.0001), and 3 initial learning rates (0.001, 0.005, 0.01). When training from scratch, weights are randomly initialized with truncated normal distribution and biases are initialized with zero constant. In transfer learning, only the last fully connected layers' weights and biases are reinitialized with random values, and those of other layers are assigned by the values from pre-trained AlexNet model. Experimental results show that transfer learning can significantly improve models' convergence speed and classification performance, and data augmentation can enrich data diversity and avoid over fitting especially when training from scratch. The classification accuracy was as high as 96.53% in transfer learning, and the F1 scores of algal spot, soft rot, sooty mould, yellows and healthy leaf achieved 94.28%, 94.67%, 97.31%, 98.34% and 98.03% respectively. This method has high recognition accuracy, and strong robustness to translation and rotation, and can provide references for intelligent diagnosis of plant leaf diseases.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Color - Convolution - Crops - Data transfer rates - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Diagnosis - Diseases - Image recognition - Metadata - Molds - Neural networks - Normal distribution - Pixels - Plants (botany) - Problem oriented languages - Rotation - Statistical tests
Uncontrolled terms:Camellia oleifera - Convolutional neural network - Deep convolutional neural networks - Perspective transformation - Python programming language - Regularization coefficients - Transfer learning - Truncated normal distributions
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.83e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20185206314605
Title:Modal analysis and structure optimization of transplanter support arm based on modal assurance criterion
Authors:Jin, Xin (1, 2); Chen, Kaikang (1); Ji, Jiangtao (1, 2); Pang, Jing (1); Gao, Song (1); Zeng, Xinyue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Jiangtao(jjt0907@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:93-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, with the rapid development of agricultural mechanization in China, rice transplanter has been widely used. Because the transplanting parts of the transplanter have a large vibration in the working process, it will have a great impact on the operation of the machine and the operating environment of the driver. At present, the analysis of the vibration of the support arm of the transplanter and the research on how to reduce the vibration and noise are still in initial stage. In the working process, the support arm bears a variety of dynamic loads, including the working load of various parts, engine and road surface stimulation. When the frequency of the dynamic load is close to the natural frequency of the support arm, the resonance phenomenon will occur. The mechanical resonance affects the normal operation of the transplanter, reduces the service life of the transplater, and seriously affects the comfort of the working environment. Therefore, it is of great of significance to study the vibration and noise reduction of rice transplanter. In view of the vibration and noise problems in the power transmission process of high-speed rice transplanter planting mechanism, 2ZG-6DK rice transplanter was taken as the research object in this paper, and the power transmission mode and working principle of planting system were analyzed. The 3D software was used to standardize the support arm which is the key components in the power transmission system of the transplanter, and the model was imported into the ANSYS Workbench and combined with the Lanczos Method to solve the modal natural frequency and mode shape. In order to optimize the structure of the support arm based on the finite element model, it is necessary to verify the accuracy of the finite element model of the support arm. The modal test of the supporting arm of Nantong 2ZG-6DK transplanter was carried out by using DH5902 Dynamic Data acquisition and modal analysis system, the first 4-order modal frequency and mode of the support arm of the transplanter were obtained by signal analysis and parameter identification. The accuracy of the finite element model of the support arm was verified by the comparison between the modal test results and the finite element analysis results. Based on this, MAC-based (modal assurance) was carried out and the accuracy of finite element analysis was verified. The criterion test optimized the modal test to verify the accuracy of the finite element theory analysis. In order to avoid the external excitation frequency of the support arm, based on the analysis of the external frequency excitation characteristics, and on account of the ISIGHT multidisciplinary software platform, the structural parameters of the support arm were optimized by the sequential quadratic programming method. The results showed that the thickness of the optimized support arm sidewall cavity was 5.7 mm, the beam width was 42.0 mm, the arm length was 497.0 mm, and the first 4-order modal frequencies were adjusted to 135.17, 204.23, 483.14 and 702.32 Hz respectively, which all avoided the gasser engine excitation frequency range 86.67-120 Hz. After the optimization, the vibration amplitude attenuation was the most obvious at the 1-order frequency, the vibration amplitude was decreased by 9.4%, and the low-frequency vibration characteristics of the support arm were significantly improved. The research results can provide reference for the vibration characteristics analysis and vibration reduction design of the rice transplanter.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Data acquisition - Dynamic loads - Electric power transmission - Engines - Finite element method - Modal analysis - Natural frequencies - Optimization - Power transmission - Quadratic programming - Structural optimization - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - External excitation frequency - MAC criterion - Multidisciplinary software - Sequential Quadratic Programming method - Vibration - Vibration and noise reduction - Vibration characteristics analysis
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 4.83e+02Hz, Frequency 7.02e+02Hz, Frequency 8.67e+01Hz to 1.20e+02Hz, Percentage 9.40e+00%, Size 4.20e-02m, Size 4.97e-01m, Size 5.70e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20185206314613
Title:Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on water consumption and yield of winter wheat in different precipitation years
Authors:Li, Zhengpeng (1, 2); Song, Mingdan (1, 2); Feng, Hao (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining; 810016, China; (2) Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining; 810016, China; (3) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Hao(nercwsi@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:160-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization are two major factors influencing the grain yield production in agroecosystem, and appropriate irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application can improve grain yield and water use efficiency by alleviating the stress of drought and nutrient deficiency, enhancing photosynthetic area and photosynthetic rate. In this study, we investigated the impact of precipitation year patterns on crop yield, water consumption and their relationship under different water and nitrogen management practices. A field experiment during 2011-2014 was conducted with 3 irrigation levels and 4 nitrogen input levels in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province. Irrigation levels included no irrigation, irrigation 46 mm at the jointing stage, and irrigation 46 mm at the jointing and wintering stages, respectively. The nitrogen input levels included nitrogen application rate of 0, 105, 210 and 315 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The fertilizer was urea. The other field management followed local traditional methods. The experiment was carried out by completely randomized design. Soil water content and grain yield were measured and the water use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of yield to ET<inf>a</inf> under various water and nitrogen management in different year patterns. Meanwhile, soil water storage was calculated based on the volumetric water content. Water consumption (ET<inf>a</inf>) was calculated by the field water balance equation. The results showed that soil water content before sowing was affected by irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer application rate and precipitation. The soil water storage before sowing increased as more irrigation and less nitrogen application rate were applied. The 0-100 cm soil water storage before sowing would be supplemented majorly when the total precipitation from July to September was below 400 mm, and the 0-180 cm soil water storage before sowing increased by 0.47 mm as the total precipitation from July to September increased 1 mm. The 0-180 cm soil water storage at harvest improved with more irrigation but decreased first and then leveled at a certain value as more nitrogen was used, and it was greatly influenced by the precipitation of 2 months before harvest. Water consumption increased with more irrigation while the effect of nitrogen and interactive effect of irrigation and nitrogen on water consumption was not significant, and it has a linear relationship with water input during the growing period with the coefficients being influenced by initial soil water conditions, i.e. less water would be consumed led by unit water input when the soil water storage before planting was higher. Irrigation enhanced both the yield and actual water consumption, while the yield was only improved significantly in relatively dry year 2012-2013 and the water use efficiency were not boosted in all years; Nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on water consumption but improved yield and water use efficiency significantly, which showed that nitrogen application rate increased the proportion of crop transpiration to total water consumption. Additionally, the maximum (boundary) yield and water use efficiency were explored by developing a boundary function of winter wheat yield and evapotranspiration in Guanzhong Plain. From the function, we found that when the water consumption exceeded 388 mm, the grain yield would level at 8 184 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and the maximum water use efficiency was 2.52 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. In this research, the interactive effects of water, nitrogen and precipitation year patterns on yield and field water consumption were analyzed, aiming at providing valuable information for developing reasonable water and fertilizer management practices in winter wheat production.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Water supply
Controlled terms:Crops - Efficiency - Evapotranspiration - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Precipitation (chemical) - Soil moisture - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Boundary function - Completely randomized designs - Fertilizer applications - Nitrogen application rates - Soil water content - Volumetric water content - Water balance equation - Water consumption
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.67e-01yr, Mass_Density 2.52e+00kg/m3, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.80e+00m, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 3.88e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 4.60e-02m, Size 4.70e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20185206314595
Title:Influences of structure parameters of straight flute wheel on fertilizing performance of fertilizer apparatus
Authors:Zhu, Qingzhen (1, 2); Wu, Guangwei (1); Chen, Liping (3); Zhao, Chunjiang (1, 2); Meng, Zhijun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Agricultural Information Technology Research Center, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Guangwei(wugw@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:12-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Application of chemical fertilizer is an important part in the process of crop production management. The research showed that precise application of chemical fertilizer had great significance to improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and reducing the amount of fertilizer application. The outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus is the key carrier in the process of precise variable rate fertilization. In order to optimize the fertilizer performance of the existing outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus comprehensively, the discrete element simulation technology, orthogonal test and 3D rapid prototyping technology were used in this paper. The straight flute wheel structural was taken as research object, and influence regularity of 4 key structural parameters such as groove wheel radius, groove numbers, effective working length and groove section on fertilizer performance was analyzed. A discrete element simulation platform was set up in this paper for outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus, which mainly consists of fertilization bin, fertilization box, the outer groove roller, fertilization tongue, fertilization pipe, soil ground and fertilizer particles. In the simulation test, the advancing speed of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus was 0.5 m/s, the working height was 500 mm, and the rotation speed of outer fluted roller was 20 r/min. The coefficient of variation of the fertilizer was selected as the performance evaluation index of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus. The test results of the interaction of 3 factors showed that there was no interaction between groove wheel radius and groove numbers, and between effective working length and groove numbers, there was a certain interaction between groove wheel radius and number of the grooves. The L<inf>18</inf> (3<sup>7</sup>) standard orthogonal table was selected according to the result of interaction. The orthogonal result showed that factors affecting fertilizer performance, from importance to secondary, mainly include groove numbers, groove wheel radius, effective working length, interaction between groove wheel radius and groove numbers, and groove section. The groove numbers had very significant influence on fertilizer performance. The groove wheel radius had significant influence on fertilizer performance. The effective working length, interaction between groove wheel radius and groove numbers, and groove section had no significant influence on fertilizer performance. The optimum combination of parameters is that the groove numbers is 7, the radius of grooves is 30 mm, the effective working length is 20 mm, and the groove section is circular-arc, and the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of fertilizer for this type of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus is 1.75%. In order to test the simulation structure parameters optimization results of outer fluted roller fertilizer apparatus, a bench test was carried out under the optimal combination of structural parameters. The bench test mainly consisted of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus, power motor of conveyor belt, power motor of external groove, control box, conveyor belt and ruler. The experimental results showed that the coefficient of variation of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus is 5.48%. Considering that there may be some errors in the bench test, the results of the bench test were basically consistent with the simulation results, which proved that the discrete element method is feasible to optimize the structural parameters of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus. This research results can provide references for optimizing the structural parameters of fluted roller fertilizer apparatus and improving the performance of the fertilizer.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Belt conveyors - Cultivation - Experiments - Finite difference method - Rollers (machine components) - Structural optimization - Testing - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Discrete element simulation - Fertilizing performance - Groove section - Performance evaluation index - Rapid prototyping technology - Structural parameter - Variable rate fertilization
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 692.1 Conveyors - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.75e+00%, Percentage 5.48e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+01RPM, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-01m, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20185206314628
Title:Quantification of synergetic relationship between natural quality and site conditions of cultivated land based on coupling coordination degree model
Authors:Qian, Fengkui (1, 2); Wang, Weiwen (1, 2); Wang, Qiubing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang; 110161, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:284-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The natural quality conditions and site conditions of cultivated land jointly determined the sustainable production capacity of cultivated land. The research on the synergistic relationship between natural quality and site conditions could provide theoretical and methodological references for the scientific protection and sustainable use of cultivated land resources. This paper took the cultivated land resources of different geomorphological areas in Liaoning Province as the research objects, which were the hilly area in the west, plain area in the center and mountain area in the east of Liaoning Province. From the perspective of ensuring grain production capacity and sustainable utilization, this paper established natural quality and site condition evaluation system suitable for the characteristics of cultivated land resources in different geomorphological areas. Based on the coupling coordination degree model, this paper quantified the coordination relationship between the natural quality and the site conditions of cultivated land resources, and established synergy system of natural quality and site condition suitable for the characteristics of cultivated land resources in different geomorphic regions based on the LESA (land evaluation and site assessment) system model. In order to verify the scientificity and practicality of the cultivated land synergy system in different geomorphological areas, this paper used Kriging interpolation method to conduct an empirical analysis. Grading the evaluation results according to the natural breakpoint method, and based on the natural quality of farmland and the site property, this paper studied the arable land resources of Liaoning Province and revealed the regularity and difference of farmland resource protection in different landforms. Result shows: The natural quality of cultivated land resources covered the conditions such as soil and topography, and the site conditions of cultivated land resources covered the use condition, regional condition, and ecological and environmental conditions. The order of the natural quality conditions of cultivated land in different landform areas was plain area in the center > hilly area in the west > mountain area in the east. The order of the environmental conditions of cultivated land in different landform areas was hilly area in the west > mountain area in the east > plain area in the center. There were regional differences in the superior characteristics of cultivated land resource protection. The synergistic relationship between the natural quality and the site conditions of cultivated land is 4:6, 6:4 and 5:5, respectively, for the hilly area in the west, plain area in the center and mountain area in the east. According to the proportional coefficient, based on the LESA system, 3 comprehensive evaluation systems for the natural quality and site conditions of cultivated land were constructed conforming to the differences of different landforms. Through the empirical analysis of the collaborative system of natural quality and site environmental conditions of cultivated land in different landforms, the cultivated land of Liaoning was divided into core protection zone, dominant remediation zone and key regulation zone based on the natural quality conditions of the cultivated land, site conditions, and comprehensive quality scores. In the future construction and rectification process, and differentiated management should be implemented. The research results reflect the differences and regularity of the superior characteristics of cultivated land resources in different geomorphological areas, which can provide reference for the sustainable use of cultivated land resources at the provincial scale.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Environmental protection - Environmental regulations - Farms - Geomorphology - Grading - Interpolation - Land use - Models - Quality control - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Coordination degree - Cultivated lands - Different geomorphological areas - Liaoning Province - Site conditions
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 481.1.1 Geomorphology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20185206314620
Title:Behavior recognition of lameness in dairy cattle by improved sparse overcomplete dictionary method
Authors:Wen, Changji (1); Zhang, Jinfeng (1, 2); Li, Zhuoshi (1, 3); Lou, Yue (1); Yu, Helong (1); Jiang, Hailong (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) Library, Changchun University of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Changchun; 130607, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130012, China; (4) Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Helong(264496469@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:219-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is the key to prevent and control dairy cow diseases by real-time monitoring and detection of abnormal behavior early. In this field, it is the most common for the detection and recognition of lame behavior especially. However, the technology of the livestock abnormal behavior recognition is still facing the problem of poor real-time performance. Regarding the above problems, 2 improvement strategies were proposed in this paper. Firstly, a sparse overcomplete dictionary learning algorithm based on conjugate gradient pursuit-KSVD (CGP-KSVD) algorithm was proposed which was used to description and representation of lame behavioral semantic features. The proposed idea was to optimize search direction in the stage of sparse coding construction though introducing a conjugate gradient pursuit algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed method could avoid the computational load caused by storing and calculating large-scale Hessen matrix effectively. By this way, it achieved the high convergence speed of the sparse overcomplete dictionary learning. Secondly, the basic features of representing the videos were extracted by the fusion of spatio-temporal interest points and spatio-temporal interest points extracted in the dense trajectory map. With the proposed method, it is possible to reduce the redundancy features and the computational load while retaining the rich details. To verify the proposed algorithm, we designed 3 experiments. Experiment 1 was used to achieve the recognition accuracy by comparing the proposed algorithm with the classical sparse dictionary learning algorithms. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 were used to study the efficiency of the algorithm. In the experiments, 500 black and white adult cows were selected randomly and a total of 1200 video samples were achieved for training and testing by the manual marks. In Experiment 1, the average accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper is 5.5 percentage points higher than that of LLC (locality-constrained linear coding) and 3.9 percentage points higher than that of K-SVD. The fusion feature proposed in this paper was used as the basic features of LLC and K-SVD and the above methods were recorded as LLC + fusion feature and K-SVD + fusion feature. The experiment results show that the average accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 3.8 and 1.4 percentage points higher than that of LLC + fusion feature and K-SVD + fusion feature, respectively. In Experiment 2 and 3, the theoretical analysis results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has the lowest computational time complexity, and the average response time of the CGP-KSVD algorithm is 0.043 s, faster than the 2 other algorithms, BP-KSVD (basis pursuit-KSVD) and OMP-KSVD (orthogonal matching pursuit-KSVD). And the 90-hour video test results show that the CGP-KSVD algorithm has the highest recognition rates of 93.3% and 92.7% respectively with the playback video and online test video, which are increased by 33.3 and 35.6 percentage points compared with the BP-KSVD algorithm, and 13.3 and 14.1 percentage points compared with the OMP-KSVD algorithm.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Learning algorithms
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algorithms - Behavioral research - Conjugate gradient method - Disease control - Image processing - Semantics
Uncontrolled terms:CGP-KSVD - Computational time complexity - Improvement strategies - Lame recognition - Livestock breeding - Orthogonal matching pursuit - Over-complete dictionaries - Spatio-temporal interest points
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.27e+01%, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Time 3.24e+05s, Time 4.30e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20185206314630
Title:Effect of fluid-structure interaction on internal flow field characteristics of tube-contained raw material pipeline hydraulic transportation
Authors:Zhang, Chunjin (1); Sun, Xihuan (1, 2); Li, Yongye (1); Zhang, Xueqin (3); Zhang, Xuelan (1); Yang, Xiaoni (1, 4); Li, Fei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydro Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Jinzhong University, Jinzhong; 030600, China; (3) Zhangqiu Yellow River Bureau, Jinan; 250200, China; (4) Polytechnic Institute Taiyuan university of Technology, Xiaoyi; 032300, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Xihuan(sunxihuan@tyut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:299-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to the problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution in the traditional long-distance transportation mode of agricultural products, it has become an inevitable trend to seek a low-carbon and environmentally-friendly transportation mode of agricultural products. In order to further analyze the effect of the fluid-solid interaction on the internal flow field characteristics of the tube-contained raw material pipeline hydraulic transportation, the geometrical model of the tube-contained raw material pipeline hydraulic transportation was established, and the fluid domain within the pipeline and the solid domain of the piped carriage were jointly solved by using a commercial ANSYS Fluent 12.0 software. At the same time, the simulated values obtained by coupling calculation were compared with the experimental values. The unsteady numerical calculation of the fluid domain within the pipeline was based on the Reynolds time-averaged momentum equations and the RNG k-Ε turbulent model, and the coupling calculation of the instantaneous speed and displacement of the solid domain for the piped carriage at any time was based on the structural dynamic equations. The tube-contained raw material pipeline hydraulic transportation worked by taking water as transmission medium, sealing agricultural products inside the piped carriage, pushing the piped carriage by using pressurizing devices, and realizing the long distance transport of the piped carriage. This transportation mode had the advantages of low transportation cost, high transportation efficiency and little environmental pollution. The internal flow field characteristics of transporting the piped carriages with a height of 0.1 m and 4 diameter-length ratios of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 respectively were studied by using the model test. The flow velocity distribution of the typical cross-sections was measured by using the Laser Doppler Anemometry and the photoelectric timing device. The time-average pressure of piezometer tubes was measured by using the standard dynamic pressure collection system and the pressure sensors. The instantaneous speeds and instantaneous displacements of the piped carriages were measured by using the high speed camera. The results showed that the simulated values were in good agreement with the experimental values, which further indicated that it was feasible to adopt the fluid-structure interaction methods to solve the internal flow field characteristics of the tube-contained raw material pipeline hydraulic transportation. As the diameter-length ratio of the piped carriage increased, the affected areas of the axial flow velocity, the radial flow velocity and the pressure gradually increased, the affected areas of the vorticity magnitude gradually decreased, and the affected areas of the circumferential velocity gradually decreased first and then increased near the front end of the piped carriage. The combined effects of both the energy dissipation and the energy conversion caused local low pressure areas to develop near the front end of the piped carriage, but energy conversion caused the downstream pressure of the piped carriage to increase again. The time-average pressure drop coefficients of the piped carriages first decreased and then increased with the increasing of the diameter-length ratio, and the time-average pressure drop coefficient caused by the piped carriage with the diameter-length ratio of 0.7 was the least. During the transport process of the piped carriage along the pipeline, the distributions of the axial velocity, radial velocity, circumferential velocity and vorticity magnitude in the near-wall region of the piped carriage were basically the same, but the pressure distributions showed a gradually decreasing trend. The research in this paper provides an important theoretical reference for the structural design and hydrodynamic mechanism analysis of the piped carriage.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Materials handling
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Computational fluid dynamics - Drops - Energy conversion - Energy dissipation - Energy policy - Flow fields - Flow velocity - Fluid structure interaction - High speed cameras - Laser Doppler velocimeters - Pipelines - Pollution - Pressure - Pressure drop - Radial flow - Structural dynamics - Tubes (components) - Vehicles - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Vorticity
Uncontrolled terms:Coupling modeling - Flow field characteristics - Hydraulic transportation - Laser Doppler anemometry - Length ratio - Piped carriage - Pressure drop coefficients - Transportation efficiency
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 744.9 Laser Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.18.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
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