<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20184706107233
Title:Design and experiment of bionic resistance reduction for tree transplanter shovel
Authors:Zhao, Xiong (1); Ma, Xingxiao (1); Gao, Qiaoling (1); Chen, Chengjin (2); Chen, Jianneng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Safun Industrial Co., Ltd., Jinhua; 321300, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Jianneng(jiannengchen@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:37-42
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Transplanting trees is a high intensity work, which is necessary to be mechanized in modern society. At present, most of the tree transplantation machines are developed on the basis of general excavators, which have the disadvantages of high power requirement and high energy consumption. Its performance can be improved in 2 aspects, which are the power matching of the whole machine and the resistance reduction during digging process. The commonly used tree transplantation machines in the market dig holes with a shovel. The shovel is an important part of the machine. The machine's digging performance and the energy consumption are determined by the size, shape and quantity of shovel. In order to reduce the resistance of the shovel, scholars have carried out a series of researches on bionic structural and surface. It is noticed that some animals living in soil for a long time have the characteristics such as geometric non-smooth units on the surface of theirs body, which is the main reasons for reducing the viscosity and resistance, and the soil animal-ground beetle is a typical representative of this feature. In order to reduce the resistance and the energy consumption effectively when digging soil, the paper analyzed the force of the shovel and established the mechanical model according to the working conditions and characteristics. Solidworks and ANSYS/LS-DYNA software were used to establish the numerical model of the shovel and soil, digging process was simulated in software and the force of the shovel was calculated. Through numerical simulation, the digging angle of the shovel was optimized; it was found that the optimal digging angle of the shovel is 83°. Then, a new type of bionic shovel was designed to simulate the surface structure of the soil organ of soil animal-ground beetle, there were many convex units with the shape of sphere on the surface of the shovel, and the size, shape and distribution of the convex units is main considered. Under the condition that the digging angle of the shovel is 83°, the best parameters of the bionic shovel were obtained by numerical optimization: the convex diameter is 14 mm, the center distance of the convex is 28 mm, and the height of the convex is 4 mm. The bionic shovel was developed according to the best parameters and was installed on the prototype of the tree transplant machine to carry out the comparison test. Because the shovel is operating inside the soil, it is impossible to accurately measure the force by sticking the strain gauge on the surface of the shovel, so the hydraulic cylinder pressure of the driving was tested to reflect the force of the shovel indirectly, that is, the force of shovel was equal to the inlet pressure multiply with the inlet area of hydraulic cylinder. 5 times experiment were carried, and the maximum and average force of shovel were recorded: The maximum force of bionic shovel was 2.474 kN, compared with 2.783 kN of the original shovel, the force was reduced by 0.309 kN, the average force reduced 0.512 kN. The results showed that the bionic shovel can effectively reduce the resistance of 11.11%. The bionic shovel is proved to have a good resistance reduction characteristic, which can provide technical support for energy-saving and consumption reduction of the tree transplant machine.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Shovels
Controlled terms:Animals - Biomimetics - Bionics - Cylinders (shapes) - Design - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Experiments - Forestry - Hydraulic machinery - Mechanical actuators - Numerical models - Optimization - Soils - Strain gages
Uncontrolled terms:Energy saving and consumption reductions - High energy consumption - Hydraulic cylinders - Mechanical model - Non-smooth units - Numerical optimizations - Resistance reduction - Technical support
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 732.1 Control Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.47e+03N, Force 2.78e+03N, Force 3.09e+02N, Force 5.12e+02N, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Size 1.40e-02m, Size 2.80e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20184706107237
Title:Thermodynamics of fuels with different CeO<inf>2</inf> sizes and addition amount based on thermogravimetric analysis
Authors:Mei, Deqing (1); Sun, Chao (1); Wang, Zixu (1); Chen, Zhiyu (1); Chen, Chen (2); Tao, Jun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Jiangsu Su Yang Package Company Limited by Shares, Yangzhou; 211400, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:65-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:By the combination of physical dispersion and chemical dispersion methods, various types of nano-fuel blend containing 20 and 50 nm CeO<inf>2</inf> with the dosing levels of 50 and 100 mg/L (20nmCe50, 20nmCe100, 50nmCe50 and 50nmCe100) were prepared, in which the pure tetradecane (C14) served as the base fuel to surrogate diesel and the CTAB worked as the surface active agent to prevent agglomeration by altering the surface properties of suspended nanoparticles. The evaporation characteristics of various nano-fuel blend and C14 were investigated using isothermogravimetrical analysis. According to the boiling point of C14, the evaporation experiments were performed at different constant temperatures ranging from 100 to 140℃ with an interval of 5℃, and each isothermal section was held for 10 min. The principles to determine the activation energy, vapor pressure and vaporization enthalpy of nano-fuel were also briefly described. Based on isothermal thermogravimetry experimental data, the activation energy needed for fuel evaporation was figured out by the Arrhenius equation, the vapor pressure at various temperatures was calculated according to the Antoine and Langmuir equations, and the vaporization enthalpy was solved by correlating the Clausius-Clapeyron equation with the vapor pressure. It is revealed that owing to the lower specific heat capacity of nanoparticles, during the fuel evaporation the heat transfer from the outside to the inside was accelerated, which delayed the volatilization of fuel molecules located at gas-liquid surface. As a result, for nano-fuels, the activation energy needed for vaporization increases with the decrease in nanoparticle size or the increase in nanoparticle mass fraction. The 20nmCe50, 20nmCe100, 50nmCe50 and 50nmCe100 nano-fuel are increased by 5.6%, 9.3%, 3.2% and 6.8% respectively compared with that of the base C14. Moreover, the presence of nanoparticles in fuel leads to an increase of the surface tension, and the postponing of the diffusion of fuel molecules into gas. Therefore, the nano-fuel has a lower vapor pressure than the base fuel. For instance, the vapor pressure of the 20 nm CeO<inf>2</inf>-fuel with a dosing level of 100 mg/L was declined by 18.1% compared with that of the base C14 at 373.15 K. With the decrease of nanoparticle size or the increase of nanoparticle mass fraction, the vapor pressure of the nano-fuel declined. In addition, the vaporization enthalpy of 20 nm CeO<inf>2</inf>-fuel with a dosing level of 100 mg/L at 383.15 K was increased by 16.7% compared with that of C14, due to the enhanced interactions, like van der Waals force and the hydrogen bond between fuel molecules and nanoparticles. With the decrease of nanoparticle size or the increase of nanoparticle mass fraction, more enthalpy was needed for the vaporization of nano-fuels. Furthermore, the errors of the calculation are little compared with other references. Therefore, the isothermogravimetry can be used for the calculation of the thermodynamic physical parameters of nano-fuel. In summary, for nano-fuels, the nanoparticle size and its mass fraction have coherent and self-consistent effects on the activation energy, vapor pressure and vaporization enthalpy. The study on thermodynamic physical parameters of nano-fuel can provide important basic data for its application.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Fuels
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Blending - Cerium oxide - Dispersions - Enthalpy - Evaporation - Fueling - Heat transfer - Hydrogen bonds - Hydrostatic pressure - Isotherms - Molecules - Nanoparticles - Specific heat - Surface active agents - Surface tension - Thermodynamics - Thermogravimetric analysis - Van der Waals forces - Vapor pressure
Uncontrolled terms:Clausius-Clapeyron equations - Constant temperature - Isothermal thermogravimetry - Isothermogravimetry - Lower vapor pressure - Nano - Physical dispersion - Vaporization enthalpies
Classification code:631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 761 Nanotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.30e+00%, Temperature 3.73e+02K, Temperature 3.83e+02K, Time 6.00e+02s, Mass_Density 1.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+00%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 6.80e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20184706107234
Title:Design and test of air-sweeping suspension velocity testing device for cleaning threshed materials of grain and oil crops
Authors:Hou, Huaming (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Guo, Yuming (1); Zhang, Yanqing (1); Sun, Deng (1); Lai, Sitong (1); Liu, Junli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:43-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Suspension velocity of agricultural material is important basic data for the research of technology and equipment for mechanical cleaning. Given the characteristics of threshed materials to be cleaned of crops harvested by combine harvester, based on the suspension principle of material and the characteristics of mechanical cleaning working condition, we designed a kind of vertical air sweeping suspension velocity testing device for agricultural material. This device mainly consists of 3 kinds of components, including the air force and its controlling components, the flow field structural components and the measuring components. The air force and its controlling components are directly connected with the flow field structural components by flanges in vertical direction, and the measuring components are installed on the flow field structural components. The structure is compact. The air force and its controlling components consist of the centrifugal fan, the frequency converter, the conduit coupler between fan and pipelines, and the protecting net. The flow field structural components consist of the grille tube, the airflow-smoothing grille, flanges, holding net for materials, entrance gate of materials, collecting board for materials, lower airflow-stablizing pipe, tapered observation pipe, upper airflow-stablizing pipe, obstructive net for materials, and so on. The measuring components consist of the L type Pitot tube, bracket of Pitot tube, intelligent pressure air-volume anemometer, air conduit, suspended height ruler, observation platform, and so on. The overall size of this device (length × width × height) is 1.8 m × 1.1 m × 4.2 m. The motor power of fan is 7.5 kW. The airflow velocity can reach 40 m/s in this device. The flow field structural components are mainly formed by the grille tube, lower airflow-stablizing pipe, tapered observation pipe and upper airflow-stablizing pipe connected successively via flange connections in vertical direction. The 4 pipes are all welded with flanges at both ends and made of polymethyl methacrylate. The lengths of the 3 pipes except the grille tube are all 1 m. The inner diameters of the grille tube, lower airflow-stablizing pipe and the small end of the tapered observation pipe are all 240 mm. The dip angle of tapered observation pipe is 4° and its inner diameter of big end is 380 mm. We designed a circular airflow-smoothing grille installed in this device to avoid generating eddy at the outlet of fan, and its height is 100 mm, the side length of its square hole is 30 mm, and the thickness of grille plate is 2 mm. The anemometer can display the temperature, humidity, pressure, airflow velocity and flow rate in real time in the measurement. We designed and conducted staged suspension experiments to measure the suspension velocity of each component of the threshed materials to be cleaned by combine harvester during the harvesting time of foxtail millet, buckwheat and oat, respectively. The results show that the range of suspension velocity of grains, spikelets, stalks and leaves of threshed materials to be cleaned of foxtail millet is respectively 4.29-8.88, 1.03-6.48, 1.71-6.09 and 1.03-3.09 m/s. The range of suspension velocity of grains, ramulus, stalks and leaves of threshed materials to be cleaned of buckwheat is respectively 4.47-10.18, 1.85-5.18, 2.80-8.37 and 0.76-2.99 m/s. The range of suspension velocity of grains, testas, ramulus, stalks, leaves and unpeeled grains of threshed materials to be cleaned of oat is respectively 4.35-11.01, 0.62-1.71, 1.62-4.52, 1.14-6.28, 0.91-3.56 and 3.24-9.48 m/s. The grains' suspension velocities of foxtail millet and oat are both different from their most light impurities', the grains' suspension velocity of oat is similar to its unpeeled grains', and the grains' suspension velocity of buckwheat is different from its minor light impurities'. This study can provide reference for the research and development of cleaning technology and equipment for agricultural materials.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Air - Air cleaners - Anemometers - Cleaning - Crops - Design - Doors - Fans - Fasteners - Flanges - Flow fields - Flow rate - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Harvesting - Impurities - Mechanization - Military aviation - Nozzles - Polymethyl methacrylates - Suspensions (components) - Tubes (components) - Velocity - Windows
Uncontrolled terms:Cleaning technology - Mechanical cleaning - Research and development - Structural component - Suspension velocity - Technology and equipments - Test measurements - Testing device
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 404.1 Military Engineering - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 619.1.1 Pipe Accessories - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Power 7.50e+03W, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.40e-01m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 3.80e-01m, Size 4.20e+00m, Velocity 1.03e+00m/s to 3.09e+00m/s, Velocity 3.24e+00m/s to 9.48e+00m/s, Velocity 4.00e+01m/s, Velocity 7.60e-01m/s to 2.99e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20184706107236
Title:Purification effect of non-thermal plasma on particulate matters from diesel exhaust using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors:Cai, Yixi (1); Fan, Runlin (1); Shi, Yunxi (1); Cui, Yingxin (1); Ji, Liang (1); Chen, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Yunxi(shiyunxi880527@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:57-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Much attention has been paid to diesel engines, due to their lower operating cost, higher thermal efficiency and durability. However, diesel engine emits high quantities of particulate matter (PM), which poses a huge threat to human health and environmental protection. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology is a promising method to control diesel emission. NTP includes many types of active radicals, such as atoms, ions, electrons, and excited state molecules, which can react with other substances without additional energy. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and PM in diesel engine exhaust gas could be oxidized and eliminated at the same time with NTP injected into it. PM is one of the most obstinate contaminants in exhaust gas, because the structure of PM is intricate, the carbon in PM is difficult to be oxidized and PM contains many kinds of organic matter. To investigate the effect of NTP on multifarious components in PM, a self-designed NTP reactor was used and NTP which was generated from oxygen was injected into exhaust gas. These tests were performed at different reaction temperatures which contained 80, 120 and 160℃. Both raw PM and those treated by NTP were collected by filter membranes and detected in thermogravimetric (TG) experiments. The atmosphere was controlled during TG experiments, in which PM was heated to 450℃ in nitrogen firstly, after cooled to 250℃, PM was heated to 700℃ in oxygen. In this way, the volatilization behavior of volatile fraction (VF) and oxidation behavior of elemental carbon (EC) were monitored respectively in detail. The effect of NTP was evaluated by the change of start or ending moment of mass loss, and the differences among the TG and DTG curves. The Arrhenius equation was also used to extract the apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors to estimate the change occurring in EC. The results showed that the greatest purification occurred at the reaction temperature of 120℃, and 66.79% of PM was removed. The activity of the active radicals increases with the rise of reaction temperature, facilitating the oxidation of the PM, however, the active radicals in NTP are labile at high temperatures and easy to decompose, with the content decreased, weakening the oxidation of PM. After NTP injection, the mass fraction of VF decreased, and the range increased with the raise of reaction temperature, which indicated that VF is easier to react with NTP than EC. The start moment and ending moment of VF volatilization scarcely changed. The mass fraction of low volatile fraction (LVF) was increased, manifesting there are some distinctions in the reaction between different kinds of VF and NTP. As for EC, the ignition temperature and burn out temperature decreased by 30-40℃ after the reaction with NTP. The DTG curves became gentler, and the temperature corresponding to the first peak of DTG curves hardly changed with reaction temperature. The apparent activation energies of EC reduced from 175.97-210.49 to 94.13-109.13 kJ/mol after the reaction. The apparent activation energies were mainly influenced by nanostructure and oxygen functional groups. The nanostructure of PM became more regular and the oxygen content in EC increased after oxidized by NTP. Based on the TG results of EC and the change of apparent activation energies, a conclusion has been drawn that the effect of reaction temperature increasing on the rest of EC is incarnated mainly on the raising of the mass fraction of half oxidized EC.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Activation analysis - Activation energy - Carbon monoxide - Excited states - Exhaust gases - Gases - Gravimetric analysis - Health risks - Hydrocarbon refining - Nanostructures - Oxidation - Oxygen - Purification - Thermogravimetric analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent activation energy - Excited-state molecules - Lower operating costs - Nonthermal plasma - Oxidation reactivity - Oxygen functional groups - Particulate Matter - Volatilization behavior
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 461.7 Health Care - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 761 Nanotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933 Solid State Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.68e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20184706107242
Title:Effect of different irrigation and fertilization managements on N<inf>2</inf>O emissions and yeild in summer maize-winter wheat field
Authors:Li, Haoru (1); Hao, Weiping (1); Mei, Xurong (1); Guo, Rui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Hao, Weiping(haoweiping@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:103-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A winter wheat-summer maize cropping system has been the dominant system on the North China Plain (NCP) during the past three decades, accounting for approximately 50% of wheat production and 35% of maize production in China. Nitrogen (N) supplied through fertilization is one of the main plant nutrients affecting plant growth and plays a powerful role in the promotion of crop production. Traditional N application rates adopted by farmers to achieve high crop production range from 550 to 600 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> for the winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in this region, which exceeds the crop N requirement. Furthermore, 50%-80% of the fertilizer is applied at planting. The application of excess inorganic N fertilizer, the broadcasting of N on the soil surface in a few split applications and flooding irrigation on the NCP have resulted in not only a low nitrogen use efficiency, but also a series of environmental problems, such as gaseous N losses. Drip fertigation is an effective approach for improving fertilizer use efficiency, as well as ecological environment. One-year experiment (from June 15, 2015 to June 12, 2016) at a summer maize-winter wheat field in NCP was performed to quantify N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from maize and wheat fields and evaluate N<inf>2</inf>O mitigation efficiency of alternative irrigation and fertilization managements by using the static opaque chamber method. We measured N<inf>2</inf>O emissions under 5 treatments, including no N fertilizer use (CK), drip irrigation + N broadcasting (DN100%), fertigation (FN100%), fertigation with N reduced by 60% (FN40%) and farmers' traditional practice (FP100%). The cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emission in wheat field was higher than that in maize field. The N<inf>2</inf>O peaks of maize were observed in jointing and tasseling stage, while that of wheat were observed in seedling and jointing stage. Compared with FP, the average N<inf>2</inf>O flux under the FN40% treatment was reduced by 70. 8% and 66. 7% and the cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emissions by 58. 7% and 66. 3% in maize and wheat season, respectively; in addition, the annual cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emissions were decreased by 62.9% and a stable grain yield was maintained. The emission factors under FN40% treatment were 0.06 and 0.01 for maize and wheat, respectively, which were significantly lower than other fertilization treatments. Both soil temperature and soil moisture could influence the N<inf>2</inf>O emissions in this study. However, there were different correlations in the different managements. This research indicates that N fertigation rates in a wheat-maize cropping system can be significantly reduced by 60% compared to FP100%, without negatively affecting grain yield, but decreasing N<inf>2</inf>O emissions.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Alternative irrigations - Ecological environments - Environmental problems - Fertigations - Inorganic N fertilizer - Nitrogen-use efficiency - North China Plain - Summer maize
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.29e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20184706107258
Title:Effect of impeding main exogenous heavy metal input on accumulation of Cd and Pb in paddy soil-rice system
Authors:Guo, Zhaohui (1); Ran, Hongzhen (1); Feng, Wenli (1); Xiao, Xiyuan (1); Shi, Lei (1); Xue, Qinghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:232-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Regulation and control of heavy metal input and output in paddy soil-rice system are of great significance to rice pollution control and safe production. The effects of straw removal, truncation of atmospheric sedimentation and clean water irrigation on the accumulation and migration of heavy metals in the paddy soil-rice system were investigated with the arrangement of field experiments from April to October in 2016, which selected the typical rice fields contaminated by atmospheric sedimentation in the town of Leidashi, located at the downwind direction of an industrial area in Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province. The results showed that straw removal, truncation of atmospheric deposition and irrigation with clean water all could significantly reduce the available content of heavy metal in soils and heavy metal accumulation in rice. Compared with the control of rice straw returning, the content of available Cd (cadmium) and Pb (plumbum) in the soil under straw removal treatment decreased slightly except the effective Pb content of the soil after planting early rice. Under this treatment, the Pb content in the brown rice of early rice and the contents of Cd and Pb in brown rice of late rice were significantly decreased, which were reduced by 3.6%, 10.4% and 32.4%, respectively. Under the treatment of straw removal + truncating atmospheric deposition treatment, the contents of available Cd and Pb in soil decreased to different extents. The soil available Pb content decreased significantly. Except the Cd content in root and brown rice of early rice, the contents of Cd and Pb decreased significantly in the organs of early and late rice varieties. The average content of Cd and Pb decreased by 32.8% and 36.8% respectively in rice roots and by 32.2% and 24.8% respectively in rice stems, and the cumulative amount of Cd and Pb in brown rice of late rice significantly decreased by 66.3% and 22.2%, respectively. Under straw removal+clean water irrigation treatment, the available Cd and Pb content of the soil reduced by 11.7% and 15.9%, respectively. The content of Cd and Pb in different organs of rice decreased to a large extent. The content of Cd and Pb decreased by 38.34% and 30.35% in roots and 43.4% and 13.2% in stems, respectively. The cumulative amounts of Cd and Pb in brown rice of late rice decreased by 39.4% and 67.2%, respectively. Through analysis of the accumulation and transport of Cd and Pb at the aboveground part of rice, it was found that the removal of straw of rice combined with interception of atmospheric deposition or clean water irrigation could significantly reduce the accumulation of Cd and Pb in the aboveground parts of rice. The Pb contents in brown rice were lower than the National Standard of Pollutant in Food of China (GB 2762-2017) under the straw removal+clean water irrigation treatment in the late-rice paddy field. The above results indicate that the control measures such as control of regional air pollution, purification of farmland irrigation water, combined with the removal of straw or other measures outputting soil heavy metal of polluted farmland, can effectively achieve the safe use of contaminated farmland and guarantee the rice safety in production.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil pollution control
Controlled terms:Air cleaners - Air pollution - Air pollution control - Atmospheric chemistry - Atmospheric movements - Bioaccumulation - Chemicals removal (water treatment) - Deposition - Farms - Heavy metals - Irrigation - Lead removal (water treatment) - Meteorological problems - Soil pollution - Soils - Water pollution - Water pollution control
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric depositions - Heavy metal accumulation - Irrigation treatments - Irrigation waters - National standard - Regional air pollution - Regulation and control - Removal treatments
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451 Air Pollution - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 453 Water Pollution - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.59e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 2.48e+01%, Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 3.22e+01%, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 3.28e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 3.68e+01%, Percentage 3.83e+01%, Percentage 3.94e+01%, Percentage 4.34e+01%, Percentage 6.63e+01%, Percentage 6.72e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20184706107259
Title:Comprehensive benefit evaluation and regional differences of construction projects of well-facilitated farmland in Huang-Huai-Hai region
Authors:Wang, Xiaoqing (1, 2); Shi, Wenjiao (1, 3); Sun, Xiaofang (2); Wang, Meng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation of CAS, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao; 276800, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Wenjiao(shiwj@lreis.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:238-248
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Well-facilitated farmland construction is an important measure to guarantee food security and modern agriculture developing in China. We used 586 copies of questionnaires and selected 11 evaluation indexes for economic, social and ecological benefits to construct comprehensive benefits index system. Then we used the entropy weight method to determine indexes' weights and built a comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of well-facilitated farmland construction projects in Huang-Huai-Hai region during the period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Further we compared and analyzed the differences of benefit level in different project areas. Finally, we made an objective evaluation on the well-facilitated farmland construction projects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The results showed that the economic, social and ecological benefits as well as comprehensive benefits increased significantly (P<0.05) after the building of the projects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. There were 85.8% of the survey samples achieving the economic benefits and increasing farmers' net income by 200 yuan per mu. The implementation of the project played an important role in promoting agricultural production scales, protecting the agricultural ecological environment and improving the utilization efficiency of resources. From the provincial scale, the comprehensive benefits of Hebei, Shandong and Henan were higher than the average level of the whole Huang-Huai-Hai region. On the contrary, Jiangsu and Anhui were lower than the average level in the whole region. Next, the comprehensive benefits of the projects built in plains, or in the high-yield and medium-yield farmlands, or in the high quality farmlands were higher than the average level by 6.5%, 6.8%, 4.2% and 14.2%, respectively, of which the economic and social benefits were significantly improved. The comprehensive benefits of projects built in the mountain-hills, or in the low-yield farmlands and low-quality farmlands were lower than the average level by 8.3%, 6.0% and 5.3%, respectively, of which the ecological benefits were significantly improved. The reasons for this phenomenon were as follows: 1) In the plain areas, there were more superior agricultural resources and topographical advantages than other areas, and high-quality farmland were widely distributed; 2) The socio-economic conditions in the plain provided guarantee for the development of local agriculture.,At last, for the next step in the construction of well-facilitated farmland, we put forward three suggestions. Firstly, according to the suitability and limiting factors in different areas, differentiating planning and layout of well-facilitated farmland should be implemented in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Secondly, the coordination and management ability of different departments should be strengthened, technical and management advantages of various departments should be fully used to realize the "multi-disciplinary integration" for well-facilitated farmland construction. Thirdly, scientific and technological progress is a key factor to increase agricultural production, farmers' income and rural's development, so it is very important to integrate new technology and information technology into agriculture. This study has important reference value for the construction of well-facilitated farmland in the future.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Food supply - Land use - Landforms - Models - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive benefit - Comprehensive evaluation model - Coordination and management - Economic and social benefits - Entropy methods - Huang-Huai-Hai region - Regional differences - Socio-economic conditions
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+00%, Percentage 6.80e+00%, Percentage 8.30e+00%, Percentage 8.58e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20184706107254
Title:Flocculation effect and optimal flocculation conditions of Chlorella pyrenoidosa by different flocculants of modified chitosan and clay minerals
Authors:Zhao, Yufeng (1); Song, Xinshan (1); Cao, Xin (1); Zhao, Zhimiao (2); Song, Jin (1); Yuan, Shihong (1); Chen, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai; 201620, China; (2) College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding author:Song, Xinshan(newmountain@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:198-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The harvest of algal cells is difficult since the algal biomass density is usually less than 1 g/L and the cells have a small size (3-30 μm). At present, harvesting of microalgal is done with widely used techniques including coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation. Metal salts and macromolecule polymers (polyferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride) are common chemical flocculants for harvesting microalgae, but these metallic compounds may cause pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient and non-polluting flocculants. Chitosan is a kind of non-toxic biodegradable polymer with good adsorption properties and important functions including electrical neutralization, bridging, and netting. At present, chitosan has been extensively used as effective flocculant, fungicide and ion exchanger for water treatment. It is widely used in food, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Chitosan can be used as an environment-friendly, healthy, and safe flocculant for microalgae. However, chitosan is only soluble in acids, thus limiting its application in the flocculation process. Therefore, it is necessary to modify chitosan or adopt a composite material of chitosan with inorganic materials for the purpose of harvesting algae. Inorganic materials like metal salts may cause pollution. Clay minerals, cheap and conveniently available natural pollution-free materials, have been applied for algal flocculation. This study aims to develop non-toxic and efficient flocculant for harvesting microalgae. Three different types of clay minerals, i.e. bentonite, diatomite and zeolite, were modified with acidic chitosan to prepare 3 new types of composite flocculants, named CMD, CMB and CMZ, respectively. The flocculation efficiency (FE) was compared by flocculant concentrations, sedimentation time, pH values and the ratio of chitosan to clay minerals. The results indicated that the FE of modified flocculants was all obviously higher than chitosan for harvesting Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Among them, CMD flocculant had the best FE (95%) with a flocculant dosage of 0.2 g/L. Chitosan can change the surface electrical properties of diatomite in a way that the surface of diatomite becomes positively charged. The surfaces of microalgae are often negatively charged. This way has caused the FE of C. pyrenoidosa to be greatly improved. Moreover, the FE reaches the maximum of 93% with the ratios of 1:6 (chitosan:diatomite). When the ratio was changed to 1:14, the FE decreased by 10% because excessive diatomite was not mixed with chitosan. The best FE of C. pyrenoidosa was 94% at pH value of 8 and 91% at pH value of 9 with a dosage of 0.2 g CMD after 120 min sedimentation. The FE was about 28% higher than the values at pH value of 4 or 6. When the pH value was increased to 11, the FE was decreased by 17%. Therefore, the optimum pH value for the flocculation of C. pyrenoidosa was set as 8. In a word, the best FE reached 96.16% under the CMD flocculant dosage of 0.2 g/L and the pH value of 8 after 120 min sedimentation. In this study, the raw materials are non-toxic and without secondary separation for harvesting algae from water, which can be further utilized or processed for wide application.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Flocculation
Controlled terms:Algae - Bentonite - Biodegradable polymers - Biomass - Chemical industry - Chemical water treatment - Chitosan - Chlorine compounds - Clay minerals - Ion exchangers - Macromolecules - Microorganisms - pH - Pollution - Salts - Sedimentation - Toxic materials - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption properties - Chlorella pyrenoidosa - Coagulation flocculation - Composite flocculants - Flocculant concentrations - Flocculation efficiency - Macromolecule polymer - Polyaluminum chloride
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 482.2 Minerals - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 805 Chemical Engineering, General - 815.1 Polymeric Materials
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.00e-04kg, Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%, Size 3.00e-06m to 3.00e-05m, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20184706107232
Title:Design and experiment on variable reseeding system for rapeseed precision metering device
Authors:Ding, Youchun (1, 2); Yang, Junqiang (1, 2); Zhang, Lili (1, 2); Zhu, Kai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:27-36
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precision seeding plays an important role in intelligent agricultural machinery development because of its advantages of saving seeds, reducing labor intensity, improving operation efficiency and increasing farmers' income. Loss sowing caused by complex field environment and mechanical faults such as clogged seeding holes, pressure fluctuation and faster rotation speed of seeding plate is inevitable for rapeseed pneumatic precision metering device. Artificial reseeding or transplanting in the later stage not only increases manpower and material resources consumption but also delays farming season, reduces crop yield. Thus, loss sowing detection and automatic reseeding system has become one of the development trends in intelligent precision seeding. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars carried out many related studies on loss sowing detection and reseeding system, mainly for potato, corn, wheat and other large and medium seeds. Few studies have focused on loss sowing detection and reseeding system for rapeseed and other small seeds because of its small size, light weight and high frequency seeding. Ding Youchun put forward a loss sowing detection algorithm to evaluate seeding performance for rapeseed precision device and designed a spiral-tube reseeding device. However, a relatively complete system of loss sowing detection and reseeding system was not proposed. In this study, a variable reseeding system for rapeseed precision metering device was designed and tested. The system was composed of loss sowing detection device, rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate, variable reseeding device and reseeding monitoring display device. The commands and data between components of this system were orderly transmitted for real-time businesses by nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module. Discs with magnetic steel array (which magnetic steel numbers weres proportional to seeding holes) synchronously rotated with seeding plate, and rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate sensed magnetic steel with hall sensor to acquire theoretical seeding frequency. Loss sowing detection device installed under the metering device sensed rapeseed flow sequence, acquired seeding time intervals sequence and seeding numbers within one detection cycle sequence utilizing time capture interrupt function of MSP430 single-chip. Theoretical seeding frequency was updated by receiving the rotation datas which transmitted (timing 1s) from rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate. Loss sowing and reseeding state parameters (including miss coefficient, detection cycle, seeding numbers within one detection cycle, max seeding time interval and rotation speed of reseeding device) were calculated with the method of loss sowing detection in real time by time-varying window, and wireless transmitted to variable reseeding device and reseeding monitoring display device. The variable reseeding device integrated direct current speed reduction motor, single-chip microcomputer control system, motor drive system, wireless transceiver module and separate power into a whole. It received the reseeding command and variably reseeded in real-time utilizing the relational model of rotation speed and duty cycle. Reseeding monitoring display device, equipped with 7-inch color LED display screen, scrolling refresh displayed the status parameters of loss sowing and reseeding in recent 10 detection cycles. Bench test of variable reseeding system was carried out on the JPS-12 test-bed of pneumatic rapeseed precision metering device. During the test, variable reseeding device was lagged behind rapeseed precision metering device by 800 mm with 20 holes as a detection cycle. The theoretical loss sowing coefficient was set as 0.30, 0.50, 0.72, 0.90 and 1.00, and tests were carried out respectively at different rotation speed of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 r/min. The test results showed that, when precision metering device was within the range of normal seeding rate, the detection result of loss sowing was consistent with the actual value. Variable reseeding device could adjust its rotation speed to realize variable reseeding, and the ratio of reseeding amount to loss sowing amount was stable in a range of 1.2-1.4. In addition, field test indicated that the system avoided loss sowing on the basis of weak multiples sowing and improved seeding quality. The variable reseeding system presented may provide an effective technical support for loss sowing and auto-reseeding of rapeseed and other small seeds.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Display devices
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - DC motors - Design - Digital storage - Electric drives - Hall effect transducers - Machine design - Magnetism - Oilseeds - Pneumatics - Radio transceivers - Rotation - Seed - Speed - Testing - Transceivers
Uncontrolled terms:Detection device - Operation efficiencies - Precision metering - Pressure fluctuation - Single chip microcomputers - Variable reseeding - Wireless transceiver - Wireless transmissions
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 632.3 Pneumatics - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 705.3.2 DC Motors - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 3.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.50e+01RPM, Size 1.78e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m, Time 1.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20184706107260
Title:Construction of cultivated land quality evaluation system in provincial level based on multilevel indicators
Authors:Ma, Ruiming (1); Ma, Renhui (2); Han, Dongmei (2); Yun, Wenju (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Resource and Environment Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang; 050024, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:249-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A reasonable cultivated land quality evaluation system reflects the spatial difference of cultivated land quality betterand benefits the protection and management of cultivated land. This paper aims to build a more convenient evaluation system of cultivated land quality for acquisition of the quality distribution of cultivated land in provincial level. The system of agricultural land gradation is widely used for evaluation of cultivated land quality in China. But its poor index comparison and shortage of engineering factors are disadvantages for current management of cultivated land resources. Therefore, based on the existing idea and method of agricultural land gradation, this study suggested an improved evaluation system called the hierarchical control method and took NeiqiuCounty, Hebei Province as a case study.This paper attempted to establish an evaluation system byconsidering cropping system as control factor to characterize the climate effects,land conditions and engineering conditions as the evaluation positive factors, and limiting conditions as the evaluation negative factors. Based on the evaluation system, this paper built three-dimensional Rubik's cube model for querying results. Then, this paper evaluated the quality of cultivated land in Neiqiu based on the hierarchical control method. The quality of cultivated land in Neiqiu was divided into 5 grades and the areas of Grade 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 9 681.30, 11 708.28, 6 739.46, 2 112.59, and 123.55 hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, accounting for 31.88%, 38.56%, 22.19%, 6.96%, and 0.41% of the total cultivated land area, respectively. For proving the rationality of the evaluation results of hierarchical control method, this paper compared the results differences betweenhierarchical control method and factor method onagricultural land quality. The study shows that: 1) Compared with the traditional evaluation system, the system of hierarchical control method has not only the large spatial scale control by cropping system, but also the fine spatial scale evaluation factors. Meanwhile, the considered factors are uniform so it is comparable in provincial scale. Hierarchical setting of evaluation system is convenient to operate. Also, the three-dimensional Rubik's cube model is easy to inquire the grade of cultivated land quality. 2) Compared to the system of agricultural land gradation, the hierarchical control method considers and highlights the influence of engineering factors (guaranteed rate of irrigation,drainage condition, infrastructure area percentage, and road accessibility) on the quality of cultivated land. Meanwhile, the percentage of cultivated land area at each grade is symmetrical in the matrix form. The grade of cultivated land is mainly distributed on the axis of symmetry. Compared with the factor method, it is found that the trend of the area distribution of cultivated land for the 2 methods is similar in town level, but the area proportion is different. 3) The differences of the influence degree of different factors on the quality of cultivated land need to be further studied. The results can provide some basis for land consolidation, cultivated land requisition-compensation balance, basic farmland protection and other relevant land management work.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:52
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Grading - Land use - Models
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated land qualities - Evaluation systems - Farmland protections - Hebei Province - Hierarchical control - Protection and management - Quality distribution - Requisition-compensation balances
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 3.86e+01%, Percentage 4.10e-01%, Percentage 6.96e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20184706107240
Title:Establishment and application of prediction model of soil water in walnut orchard based on unmanned aerial vehicle thermal infrared imagery
Authors:Sun, Sheng (1); Zhang, Jinsong (1, 2); Meng, Ping (1, 2); Wang, Guibin (2); Huang, Hui (1, 2); Yin, Changjun (1); Wang, Xinmei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 100091, China; (2) Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jinsong(zhangjs@caf.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:89-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Studying the soil water status of the walnut orchard and conducting reasonable irrigation play an important role in relieving the pressure of irrigation water in arid or semi-arid areas. With the development of thermal imaging technology, thermal image is a viable alternative to point measurements, since it offers the possibility of rapidly measuring a large number of plants and integrating plant temperatures over entire fields and producing a map of the plant water status distribution in the field. In this study, the canopy temperature of walnut tree was continuously observed with thermal infrared instrument (A310 f) at 13: 00 and 14: 00 per day in the main growing season of 2016 and 2017, and meteorological factors (air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and precipitation) and the soil water content in 0-80 cm depth were observed from May 2016 to September 2017. On August 11<sup>th</sup>, 2017, thermal image acquisition was carried out using unmanned aerial vehicle's thermal imaging system (TC640) in the continuous irrigation area and drought area. The results showed that 40-60 cm soil layers may be the main areas where walnut roots absorb water. In general, when canopy temperatures reach the highest in the afternoon (13: 00 and 14: 00), canopy temperature will be higher than air temperature and the range of variation is 0-5 ℃. In sunny weather conditions in 2016 and 2017, multiple regression analysis was performed based on canopy-air temperature difference, solar radiation, wind speed, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and relative water content (RWC) in 40-60 cm depth. Coefficients of determination in 2 fitting equations were 0.57 and 0.69 respectively. The canopy-air temperature difference was negatively correlated with the soil water content, but positively correlated with the solar radiation, and the contribution of soil water content reached 75%, which was higher than the solar radiation through principal component analysis. The soil water prediction model was established using the data of canopy-air temperature difference and soil water content at 13: 00 in 2017, with the coefficient of determination of 0.64. At the same time, the measured data at 14: 00 were used to verify the model established, and the coefficient of determination was 0.61, indicating that the model had a certain accuracy degree of fitting. Finally, the soil water model was used to diagnose 2 different water conditions of walnut areas, which proved that it had a good practical application effect. The range of RWC change in the continuous irrigation area was 0.5-0.6, while the range of variation for RWC in the drought stress area was 0.41-0.5. For the 3 sample trees in the continuous irrigation area, RWC values from the simulation were 0.57, 0.53 and 0.55, and measured values were 0.62, 0.57 and 0.52, respectively. For the 3 sample trees in the continuous drought area, RWC values from the simulation were 0.49, 0.44 and 0.42, and measured values were 0.44, 0.42 and 0.39, respectively. This study combines the fixed thermal imaging equipment with the thermal imaging system of unmanned aerial vehicle to study the canopy temperature of walnut trees, and successfully achieves the conversion from the theoretical model to the practical application and the extension from the individual level to the regional scale. Finally, the constructed soil water model will provide a basis for scientific water resources allocation in walnut orchards of the northern China.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Antennas - Drought - Forestry - Imaging systems - Infrared imaging - Infrared radiation - Irrigation - Orchards - Plants (botany) - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Soils - Solar radiation - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Water - Water resources - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature - Coefficient of determination - Multiple regression analysis - Soil water content - Thermal imaging technology - Thermal infrared imagery - Walnut - Water resources allocations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 741.1 Light/Optics - 746 Imaging Techniques - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20184706107241
Title:Effect of time scales on probability of irrigation water requirement of farmland
Authors:Zai, Songmei (1, 2); Feng, Xuefang (1); Wu, Feng (1, 2); Li, Lusheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) Henan Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Feng(wufeng@ncwu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:96-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The probability of irrigation water requirement is one of the most important designing parameters for an irrigation system. And the actual rainfall distribution affects the realization degree of probability of irrigation water requirement. There is a possibility that the annual regulation of rainfall resources is overestimated as the typical year is chosen by annual precipitation. In this paper, based on the meteorological data from 1951 to 2015 in Zhengzhou, Henan province, the frequency of annual rainfall, monthly rainfall, and ten-day rainfall were calculated respectively. And the rainfall distribution corresponding to typical years was analyzed under different probability of irrigation water requirement. Then the typical years were selected at different time scales, and the rainfall of typical years under the same probability of irrigation water requirement was compared and analyzed. Taking April, July and August corresponding to the critical periods for water demand of winter wheat and summer maize as the typical periods, the changes of rainfall under the same probability of irrigation water requirement were studied, and corresponding irrigation schedules were formulated according to different calculation time scales. The effect of time scales on irrigation quota and rainfall utilization was discussed. The results showed that: 1) Under the same probability of irrigation water requirement, the annual rainfall in each typical year was similar, the month and ten-day rainfall in each typical year had a significant difference, which was more than 5 times in May. The magnitude of precipitation varied from the largest to the smallest as followed: the annual, monthly and ten-day scales. 2) Using the water balance method, an annual irrigation schedule was formulated for typical winter wheat and summer maize under different time scales. Under the probability of irrigation water requirement at 25%, the annual irrigation quota under the seasonal scale was significantly higher than the daily scale. Compared with the seasonal, monthly, and ten-day scales, the annual irrigation quota on the daily scale was lower by 34%, 23% and 3%, respectively. Irrigation quota decreased with decreasing precipitation calculation scale in dry years, but the difference was not obvious. In conclusion, the utilization of rainfall resources increased as the time scale decreased. Considering that different time scales had different water saving potentials and effects, improving the corresponding standards and their selection methods in irrigation and drainage engineering, and selecting the appropriate calculation time scale would not only help to ensure the probability of irrigation water requirement, but also improve the utilization of various water resources.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Crops - Farms - Precipitation (chemical) - Probability distributions - Rain - Time measurement - Water - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Farmland - Irrigation schedule - Irrigation water requirements - Time-scales - Typical year
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.1 Probability Theory - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20184706107257
Title:Effect of heat stress of dairy cow on its behavior and milk yield in Northeastern China
Authors:Lu, Yujian (1, 2); Wang, Chaoyuan (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Haoxiang (1, 2); Dong, Li (1, 2); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 2, 3); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Agricultural Structure and Biological Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chaoyuan(gotowchy@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:225-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northeastern China is one of the dominating areas of dairy production. In 2016, a total of 2.375 million dairy cows were kept within Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin Provinces, annually producing over 7.42 million tons fresh milk. Northeastern China is characterized by an extremely cold climate in winter, where the dairy barn design and management are typically focusing on the structure insulation, wind and freezing prevention in winter in particular. Big data also show that dairy production in this area is often threatened by heat stress in summer, while little attention has been paid on the assessment of heat stress and its impact on dairy cow health and its production performance. In this paper, field measurement was conducted in a typical dairy farm with naturally ventilated barns and open playing field, which the cows had free access to, in Heilongjiang Province for the whole summer of 2017. Dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and black-bulb temperature were continuously monitored and recorded using the data loggers well distributed inside and outside the barn, which housed 820 milking Holstein cows, 273 m long and 36 m wide, and was oriented from north to south. The intra-vaginal data logger, which integrated a body temperature data logger with a blank controlled internal drug-releasing (CIDR) device, was applied to measure the core body temperature (CBT) of the cows. Behavior information, including the lying, standing and walking frequency and duration, was collected by the pedometers. The device was self-developed in the lab and attached to the foreleg of cows by bandages. Milk production information was directly gained by GEA milking system. Based on the continuous measurement on thermal environment indices, vaginal temperature of the cows, behavioral information and milk production, assessment of heat stress of dairy cattle and its effect on animal behavior and milk yield was carried out. Temperature-humidity index (THI) and black globe humidity index (BGHI) were chosen to evaluate heat stress for the cows inside and outside the barn. The results showed that the cows experienced heat stress that was from mild to moderate in the measurement evaluated by indoor and outdoor thermal environment indices, which accounted for 40.9% and 17.9% of the total time spent by the cows inside the barn, and 20.5% and 29.8% on the open playing field, respectively. The cows on the open playing field were suffered from heavier heat stress because of the solar radiation. Moderate heat stress usually occurred during 12:00-20:00, and thus a cooling measure between 16:00 and 20:00 is still suggested for the cows although the ambient temperature was decreasing during this period. When heat stress changed from mild to moderate, CBT of the cows increased from 38.8 to 39.3 ℃, and a time lag between CBT and thermal environment temperature was observed in this paper. Meanwhile, lying time proportion of the cows statistically reduced from 51.3% to 42.3% when THI kept increasing from no heat stress to moderate, and the standing time proportion increased accordingly. Compared to the daily average milk yield of cows when THI was lower than 75, the production fell by 9.2%, and when THI reached above 75 (P<0.05), it was decreased to 25 kg for each cow on the average. Free access to the open playing field during nighttime for cows can alleviate heat stress of the cows, and hence reduce the milk production loss.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Dairies
Controlled terms:Animals - Big data - Controlled drug delivery - Farm buildings - Heating - Physiology - Temperature - Thermal stress - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Behavioral patterns - Continuous measurements - Heat stress - Milk yield - Outdoor thermal environment - Playing fields - Production performance - Temperature humidity index
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.50e+01kg, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 2.98e+01%, Percentage 4.09e+01%, Percentage 5.13e+01% to 4.23e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Size 2.73e+02m, Size 3.60e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20184706107230
Title:Characteristic analysis and working parameter optimization of crankshaft type cotton field surface residual film collecting machine
Authors:Jin, Wei (1); Zhang, Xuejun (1, 2); Yan, Jinshan (1, 2); Yuan, Panpan (1); Bai, Shenghe (1); Fang, Xu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Innovation Design laboratory, Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xuejun(zhxjau@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:10-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Technology of plastic film mulching is widely used in agricultural production because of its advantages of increasing efficiency, inhibiting of weeds, increasing soil humidity, but it is difficult to recycle the plastic film, which lead to the environmental degradation and the restriction of sustainable development of agriculture. Residual film recycling machine of 11-1.7 crankshaft type is the typical residual film recycling machinery which is mainly used for the surface residual film recovery of cotton fiel d after harvest without drip irrigation belt. But the improper operation and unreasonable working parameters lead to the force of pickup tooth is uneven and resistance is large, as a result, pickup tooth are block and bent, the unloading film plate is bent and broken, and the residual film leakage area is large. The core component of crankshaft residual film recycling machine is collecting device of eccentric arc tooth. This paper analyzed the structure and working principle of crankshaft of film recycling machine, established reciprocating eccentric arc tooth movement model of collecting device, analyzed the characteristics of reciprocating eccentric arc tooth movement trajectory and leakage rate. The angular velocity of pickup tooth, the radius of pickup tooth, depth into soil of pickup tooth, speed of residual film recycling machine, effect of different parameter combination on residual film recovery rate and film scraping rate were analyzed and optimized. Field experiment was carried out under optimized parameters. Analysis and test results showed that machine speed, rotating speed of pickup tooth and radius of pickup tooth were mainly influencing factors of film recycling rate. According to theoretical analysis and field experiment, when machine speed and the radius of pickup tooth were fixed value, the higher pickup tooth rotate speed were, the smaller pickup tooth picking up area was, but high speed of pickup tooth exacerbated machine vibration, reduced the service life of machine. The deeper into soil of pickup tooth was, the bigger resistance of roll knife and pickup tooth was, and the higher energy consumption was. Test results showed that at the condition of pickup tooth depth into soil was 35 mm, machine speed was 1.3 m/s, pickup tooth rotation velocity was 60 r/min, radius of pickup tooth was 245 mm, the residual film collecting rate was as high as 93.2%, film scraping rate wss as high as 94.6%, the film leakage pickup rate wss 1.61%. The study provides theoretical basis and reference for the development of residual film recycling machine<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Pickups
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cotton - Crankshafts - Energy utilization - Environmental technology - Experiments - Irrigation - Plastic films - Plastic recycling - Soils - Speed - Sustainable development - Unloading - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Characteristic analysis - Optimized parameter - Parameter combination - Parameter optimization - Plastic film mulching - Recycling machineries - Simulation analysis
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.2 Machine Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.61e+00%, Percentage 9.32e+01%, Percentage 9.46e+01%, Rotational_Speed 6.00e+01RPM, Size 2.45e-01m, Size 3.50e-02m, Velocity 1.30e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20184706107256
Title:Design and test of wireless power transmission system in solar greenhouse based on microwave transmission technology
Authors:Wang, Lishu (1); Liu, Lei (1); Wang, Jinfeng (1); Wen, Jingchen (1); Qiao, Shuaixiang (1); Wang, Shuyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:214-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The power supply of the sensors driving circuit inside the solar greenhouse was restricted by the wired power supply, it is necessary to modularize and simplify the installation of the sensor and the design of the power supply. The wireless transmission and microwave transmission technologies were used as the power supply for the sensor drive circuit in the greenhouse in this paper. Based on the built-in photovoltaic microwave wireless power transmission system, the influence of various environmental factors on the transmission efficiency during the transmission process from the transmitting end to the receiving end was explored. The electromagnetic radiation of the transmitting antenna was simulated by using Ansoft HFSS software, and the radiation range of the transmitting antenna was obtained. On basis of energy conservation law and microwave theory, the relationship between received power and radiation efficiency, receiving distance and antenna size under the conditions of ideal environment and illumination intensity was analyzed by using MATLAB software. Taking the electromagnetic wave environment in the greenhouse at different distances and different time periods in one day of December in Harbin's winter as the test object, the influence of the electromagnetic wave environment on the receiving power of photovoltaic microwave wireless power transmission system was tested and analyzed. The method of improving the transmission efficiency of solar greenhouse wireless transmission system was further explored. The structure of microstrip antenna array was given and the design concept of RC varactor diode automatic phase modulation circuit was proposed, and the reason why the RC varactor automatic phase modulator was used to make the phase of each array element in phase was deduced theoretically. Based on this theory and research, the microstrip antenna array was simulated and analyzed subsequently. Aiming at the design problem of microwave emission source, a design scheme of microwave power source with low power loss was proposed. The theoretical circuit diagram was given and simulated. The effect that microstrip antenna array can improve and enhance wireless transmission efficiency in solar greenhouse had been verified by further experiments. The test results showed that the system can effectively supply power for the sensor equipment within 8 m when the transmitting power was 500 W by microwave wireless transmission method and it can get 19.28 dB antenna gain of the maximum radiation direction of the microstrip antenna with 6×7 structure. Compared with the horn antenna, the gain of the microstrip antenna array is improved, that is, the orientation of the microstrip antenna array is better. The transmission efficiency can be improved by using the microstrip antenna array method, and the average receiving power can be increased by 1.58 W in the range of 0 ~8 m.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Microwave power transmission
Controlled terms:Antenna arrays - Circular waveguides - Electric power transmission networks - Electromagnetic waves - Environmental regulations - Experiments - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Horn antennas - Inductive power transmission - MATLAB - Microstrip antennas - Microwave sensors - Microwaves - Phase modulation - Power supply circuits - Power transmission - Scattering - Solar heating - Transmissions - Varactors - Wave transmission
Uncontrolled terms:Energy conservation law - Illumination intensity - Microwave transmission - Transmission efficiency - Wireless power transmission - Wireless power transmission systems - Wireless transmission systems - Wireless transmissions
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 714.3 Waveguides - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Decibel 1.93e+01dB, Power 1.58e+00W, Power 5.00e+02W, Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e+00m, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20184706107244
Title:Numerical simulation of flow fields and particle movement characteristics in labyrinth channel emitter using different turbulence models
Authors:Tang, Xuelin (1, 2); Zhao, Xuhong (1); Li, Yunkai (1); Li, Xiaoqin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources And Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Xuelin(xl-tang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:120-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The clogging of labyrinth channel emitters is of great concern to many researchers. It is great significance to carry out the flow analysis in the labyrinth channel, to master a more comprehensive understanding of two-phase flow mechanism, and to achieve the visualization of the fluid flow and particle movement inside the labyrinth channel for the clogging of the emitters. In this paper, a high quality structured mesh is used on the basis of reference based on the ICEM CFD software. The applicability of a series of k-Ε turbulence models is systematically investigated and the particle movement law is further analyzed based on the Lagrangian method for discrete phase model. Compared with the experimental data cited form the literature Liming Yu et al. (2009), this paper, the various forces of single-particle were comprehensively considered, and the change law of the trajectory of single-particle with different densities and diameters were predicted, the variation of the migration velocity between single-particle and its surrounding fluid under different diameters and the variation law of the drag force of single-particle were analyzed, et al. The adaptability of 3 turbulence models (standard k-Ε, RNG k-Ε and Realizable k-Ε) in the labyrinth channel emitter were analyzed, the average errors predicted by RNG k-Ε and Realizable k-Ε model are 8.96% and 8.11% respectively, while the average error predicted by standard k-Ε model is only 2.32%, the standard k-Ε model is more suitable for simulating of the pure continuous-phase complex turbulent flows inside a labyrinth channel emitter. The computed trajectory characteristics of single-particle showed that the stochastic trajectory model, which considered gravity, buoyancy, virtual mass force and drag force, can be employed to capture precisely the movement of the particles in labyrinth channel. The paths of magnesium particle, sand particle and aluminum particles passing through the labyrinth channel were 43.97 mm, 44.25 mm and 50.79 mm, respectively, while the paths of 65, 100 and 150 μm sand particles passing through the labyrinth channel were 34.04, 44.25 and 49.06 mm respectively, so the change of particle density had less effect on the particle trajectory than that of particle diameter. With the increase of particle density, the fluid flow field was greatly disturbed by the particle, the mainstream region and low velocity region begin to mix and the separation of the particle motion and the liquid flow was obvious. With the increase of the particle diameter, the velocity deviation between singe-particle and the surrounding fluid increased continuously, the disorderly phenomenon of the particle-phase and liquid-phase velocities peak emerges, the changes of the velocity amplitude and the mean velocity was decreased, the drag force of single-particle was increased, and the trajectory of single-particle becomes chaotic. Compared the numerical results of literature Yu Liming et al (2009), the average error of the particle movement velocity was only 2.34%, and the single-particle trajectories were more in accordance with the objective law. With the increase of particle diameter or density, the particle velocity decreased totally, the change of particle velocity amplitude from large value to small value were in order of minimum velocity, average velocity and maximum velocity. As the particle diameter or density increases, the particle velocity decreased greatly when the particle flowed through the vortex zone, and the following behaviors of the particles became worse, and the particles possibly deposit on the inside of the corner of the vortex zone under the action of the inertial force, which probably leads to the clogging in the labyrinth channel of the emitter. The analyses can provide a reference for two-phase flow mechanism and anti-clogging design for the emitter.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Aluminum powder metallurgy - Cerenkov counters - Computational fluid dynamics - Drag - Errors - Flow fields - Gravitation - Lagrange multipliers - Numerical analysis - Particle size - Stochastic models - Stochastic systems - Trajectories - Turbulence models - Velocity - Velocity control - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Complex turbulent flows - Discrete phase model - Emitter - K-epsilon turbulence model - Particle drag - Particle trajectories - Single particle trajectories - Stochastic trajectory models
Classification code:536 Powder Metallurgy - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.5 Gravitation, Relativity and String Theory - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.32e+00%, Percentage 2.34e+00%, Percentage 8.11e+00%, Percentage 8.96e+00%, Size 1.00e-04m, Size 1.50e-04m, Size 4.40e-02m, Size 4.42e-02m, Size 4.91e-02m, Size 5.08e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20184706107252
Title:Pretreatment of corn stalk by composite microbial strain improving its methane production performance by anaerobic digestion
Authors:Huang, Kaiming (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Feng, Jing (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Yu, Jiadong (1); Luo, Juan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:184-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Corn stalk has a compact structure and strong anti decomposing ability. Under natural conditions, it often takes a long time to be decomposed. Therefore, it has become a hot spot at home and abroad to accelerate the decomposition of corn stalk and make it harmless and resourceful. Comprehensive comparison of various technologies, using microorganisms to produce cellulase to decompose and transform cellulose, is considered as an effective way for cellulose utilization. To produce biogas by anaerobic fermentation, corn stalk must be pretreated to solve the problem of hydrolysis and acidification. In this study, a reasonable microbiological pretreatment method was used for anaerobic digestion of corn stalks. The complex microbial flora HK-4 is composed of Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium and white rot fungi. The effects of HK-4 on the pretreatment and anaerobic digestion of corn stalks were studied. The mixed ratio of 4 species of bacteria was 1:1:1:1, and the number of spores per fungus was 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL. The compound microbial flora HK-4 was added to corn stalk with a diameter of 0.7 to 1 cm, and cultured at 28℃ with a shaking rate of 190 r/min. The growth of the complex strain HK-4 could be divided into 3 stages: rapid increase phase, stabilization phase and reduction phase. The pH value of the compound bacteria strain showed a tendency to decrease at first and then increase. After 13 d operation, the value of pH was about 8.1. During the whole microbial pretreatment process, the value of pH fluctuated between 6.79 and 8.28, indicating that the compound strain HK-4 had good self-regulation ability and could maintain the stability of pH value. The solute chemical oxygen demand showed a stable situation overall, and the change of wave was reciprocating. The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were 64.52%, 51.06% and 3.89%, respectively. Using HK-4 treated corn stalks for biogas producing, the compound microbial strain group produced 7 364 mL biogas, which was 27.4% higher than that in the untreated group. After 4 days of anaerobic fermentation, the content of CH<inf>4</inf> in the compound microorganism treated group was more than 50%, and fluctuated between 45% and 53% in the next 20 days. In the blank control group, the volume fraction of methane was stable at 36.7%. on the 6<sup>th</sup> day. The compound microbial strain HK-4 had a good hydrolysis effect on cellulose and hemicellulose in corn stalk and a higher straw degradation rate was achieved at lower temperature, which could improve the daily gas production and methane content. This economic and efficient pretreatment method provided new microbial resources for the utilization of straw resources in cold regions.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biogas - Cellulose - Chemical oxygen demand - Degradation - Fermentation - Hydrolysis - Methane - pH - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Cellulose and hemicellulose - Cellulose utilization - Comprehensive comparisons - Gas potential - Hydrolysis and acidifications - Microbial flora - Pretreatment process
Classification code:801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-02yr, Age 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 2.74e+01%, Percentage 3.67e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+00%, Percentage 4.50e+01% to 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.11e+01%, Percentage 6.45e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.90e+02RPM, Size 7.00e-03m to 1.00e-02m, Volume 7.36e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.024
Funding Details: Number; Sponsor: CARS-02; Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20184706107266
Title:Prevention effect of novonestmycin A on postharvest gray mold of tomato and its inhibition spectrum
Authors:Huang, Daye (1); Gao, Wei (2); Ben, Haiyan (3); Fang, Wei (1); Wang, Kaimei (1); Cao, Chunxia (1); Rao, Ben (1); Liu, Xiaoyan (1); Wan, Zhongyi (1); Zhang, Yani (1); Yao, Jingwu (1); Zhu, Zhigang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Wuhan; 430064, China; (2) Tianji institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin; 300381, China; (3) Horticultural Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150069, China
Corresponding author:Cao, Chunxia(Caochunxia@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:294-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea Persoon, is an important preharvest and postharvest disease on fresh tomato. Using chemical fungicide is the most common strategy to effectively minimize the severity of B. cinerea, but is not considered to be a long term solution because of the potential health and environmental risk. Moreover, fungicide-resistant strains have emerged by using chemical fungicide. It is necessary to search for alternative methods. Macrolides are an effective and safe class of antibiotics, mainly produced by actinomycetes and fungi. Their structures and biological activities are highly diverse. To date, more than 200 kinds of known macrolide antibiotics (e.g., rapamycin, nystatins, filipins and amphotericin B) have been isolated and characterized, most of which are produced by the genus Streptomyces. Novonestmycin A is a new 32-membered macrolide compound produced by Streptomyces phytohabitans HBERC-20821, with the molecular weight of 1 228.66. In previous study, it showed inhibition activity on some plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. In order to explore the application of Novonestmycin A on controlling gray mold of tomato, the bioassay was conducted in vitro and in fruit. It strongly inhibited mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea in vitro. The concentration of fungicide was set to 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312 5 and 0.156 25 μg/mL, the median inhibitory concentration was calculated as 0.631 g/mL, and the toxic regression equation was established with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 7. The median inhibitory concentration and the correlation coefficient of toxic regression equation for carbendazim were 0.157 μg/mL and 0.996 1 respectively. When treated with Novonestmycin A with the concentration of 1.25 μg/mL, it was observed that hyphae morphology became irregular with optical microscope. And it also had excellent control effect on tomato gray mold in fruit. The tomato fruit was pierced and soaked with Novonestmycin A with the concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. When the tomato was dried in the air, it was inoculated with the spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea of 10 μL, and the fruit was cultured with moisture preservation at 25 ℃ for 6 d. It showed that the control effect was 68.29% and 100% respectively at the concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL and the control effect was equivalent to carbendazim. Novonestmycin A had no harm to epidermis of tomato under test concentration. It also has a broad fungicide spectrum. The inhibition rate on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which belongs to ascomycetes, was 86.11%. The inhibition rate on Corynespora cassiicola, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Pestalotiopsis guepinii, which belong to deuteromycetes, were 91.11%, 82.78%, 77.22% and 86.46% respectively. The inhibition rate on Rhizoctonia solani, which belongs to basidiomycetes, was 85.56%. But it had no effect on Phytophthora capsici and Ralstonia solanacearum, which belong to oomycetes and bacteria. Novonestmycin A has excellent control effect on grey mold of tomato fruit and has no injury on epidermis of fruit. It also has inhibition effect on several plant pathogenic fungi and hence has broad application prospects. Thus it has potential as a new fungicide in the controlling of tomato gray mold.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Antibiotics - Bacteria - Disease control - Fungi - Fungicides - Health risks - Metabolites - Molds - Suspensions (fluids)
Uncontrolled terms:Colletotrichum gloeosporioides - Correlation coefficient - Gray molds - Inhibitory concentration - Macrolides - Novonestmycin A - Plant pathogenic fungus - Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.7 Health Care - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.25e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.57e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.31e+02kg/m3, Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 8.61e+01%, Percentage 8.65e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%, Volume 1.00e-08m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 6.83e+01%, Percentage 7.72e+01%, Percentage 8.28e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20184706107245
Title:Test on nondestructive detection of farmland solum structure in fluvo-aquic soil area using ground penetrating radar
Authors:Song, Wen (1, 2); Zhang, Min (1, 2); Wu, Kening (1, 2); Li, Li (3); Zhao, Huafu (1, 2); Li, Junying (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China; (3) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Kening(wukening@cugb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:129-138
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Solum structure is an important index to evaluate the cultivated land quality. How to obtain the solum structure information quickly and accurately has been the hot spot in the fields of soil, land, water conservancy, agriculture, and so on. In order to explore the feasibility of rapid and nondestructive detection of solum structure in natural soil by ground penetrating radar (GPR), this paper first used GprMax2D software based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) to simulate 4 soil models including 3 soil layers with different dielectric characteristics, and recognized the objective change rules of amplitude and phase of the radar electromagnetic wave in those soil layers with different dielectric characteristics. Then, 2 kinds of soil profile patterns i.e. clay interlayer type and sand bottom type with obvious soil layers in Quzhou County of Hebei Province, located in the alluvial soil area of North China Plain, were selected for GPR detection experiment in 2016, and soil profiles were excavated. The clay interlayer type solum structure indicated that a thin clay layer was in the soil mass, and the sand bottom type solum structure indicated that there was a sand layer at the bottom of soil mass with 1 m depth. Radar images were processed through radar image processing software and MATLAB programming to extract waveform data. According to the objective rules obtained by simulation, soil layer identification was carried out, and the detected thickness and measured thickness of every layer were compared. The results showed that the reflection of radar electromagnetic wave occurred at the interface of different media, and the greater the difference of dielectric properties between 2 sides, the greater the amplitude of reflected wave. If the dielectric constant of the upper layer was smaller than that of the lower layer, positive reflection would occur; otherwise negative reflection would occur. The measured waveform was more chaotic than the simulated waveform. The relative error (<9%) for identifying the thickness of the thicker layers of the clay interlayer type solum structure with clear layer interface was less than the relative error (>9%) for identifying the thickness of the sand bottom type solum structure by the amplitude and phase change of the electromagnetic wave. The reflection coefficients of the identified hierarchical interfaces were all greater than 0.02, indicating that the 2 sides of those interfaces had larger dielectric properties difference. The hierarchy of solum structure for farmland fluvo-aquic soil can be identified by the objective interpretation basis, but the tidy and clear degree of the hierarchical interface, difference degree of soil between the 2 sides of the interface and the thickness of adjacent soil layers affect the GPR detection effect. This article can provide reference for the related research and provide basis for rapid monitoring of cultivated land quality with solum structure as an important index.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:52
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Circular waveguides - Dielectric properties - Electromagnetic waves - Farms - Finite difference time domain method - Geological surveys - Geophysical prospecting - Ground penetrating radar systems - Image processing - Land use - Landforms - MATLAB - Models - Plants (botany) - Radar - Radar imaging - Radar reflection - Sand - Soil testing - Time domain analysis - Water management - Waveform analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated land qualities - Dielectric characteristics - Finite -difference time domains (FDTD) - Fluvo-aquic soils - Forward modeling - Ground Penetrating Radar - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) - North China Plain
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology - 481.4 Geophysical Prospecting - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 714.3 Waveguides - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20184706107238
Title:Mechanism and experiment of three-phase abrasive flow venturi tube structure cavitation assisted polishing
Authors:Ji, Shiming (1); Cao, Huiqiang (1); Zhao, Jun (1); Pan, Ye (1); Ge, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology of the Ministry of Education Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310014, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Jun(jzhao@zjut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:71-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The ultra-precision processing of electronic information materials is of great significance for the development of modern agricultural equipment from mechanization to automation, digitization and intelligence. To improve the efficiency of traditional fluid polishing which has a wide range of adaptability, a three-phase abrasive flow based on venturi structure cavitation-assiste polishing method was proposed, and the theoretical analysis and experimental research were conducted at the same time. The 2 different cases, with and without cavitation in three-phased abrasive flow, were numerically analyzed by computational fluid dynamics. Firstly, the three-phase abrasive flow machining model and machining mechanism based on cavitation-assisted were introduced. Then the flow field based multi-phased flow mixing model and the Realizable k-Ε turbulence model was applied to couple the cavitation and the flow field model. The analysis and comparison of the key parameters, like velocity vector, dynamic pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy in the flow field were completed. In order to validate the numerical simulation and the proposed method, on the one hand, the PIV (particle image velocimetry) observation experiment was conducted to observe and analyze the evolution of cavitation clouds in the flow field, and the cavitation-assisted polishing mechanism was further analyzed. On the other hand, the surface roughness and surface topography of the workpiece were measured and analyzed through a three-phased abrasive flow cavitation polishing experiment. The theoretical and experimental results showed that the flow velocity, dynamic pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and effective machining area under the assistance of cavitation were obviously increased. The numerical analysis results were aligned with the PIV observation and the polishing experiment results. The processing mechanism of the cavitation assisted polishing method for gas-liquid-solid three-phase abrasive is that the cavitation impact caused by cavitation bubbles collapse increase the effective impact of abrasive particles on the surface of the workpiece in the flow field. Further, the movement of the abrasive particles tends to be disordered state, thus achieving the goal of improving the processing efficiency and ensuring the processing quality significantly. The processing comparison experiments showed that the polishing time of cavitation-assisted abrasive flow could be obviously shortened, and the workpiece surface roughness could be reduced from 160 nm to 4.95 nm after 12 h polishing, whereas the non-cavitation assisted abrasive flow polishing can only be reduced to 7.23 nm. In addition, the surface morphology of cavitation-assisted abrasive flow machining is better.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Abrasives
Controlled terms:Cavitation - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Flow fields - Flow velocity - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Machinery - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Polishing - Surface roughness - Turbulence models - Turbulent flow - Two phase flow - Velocity measurement - Vorticity
Uncontrolled terms:Abrasive flow machining - Agricultural equipment - Electronic information - Experimental research - Gas liquid solid three phase - K-epsilon turbulence model - Particle image velocimetries - Turbulent kinetic energy
Classification code:604.2 Machining Operations - 606.1 Abrasive Materials - 631 Fluid Flow - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.60e-07m to 4.95e-09m, Size 7.23e-09m, Time 4.32e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20184706107247
Title:Determination of soybean leaf SPAD value using characteristic wavelength variables preferably selected by IRIV algorithm
Authors:Yu, Lei (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Tao (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Yaxing (1, 2, 3); Zhou, Yong (1, 2, 3); Xia, Tian (1, 2, 3); Nie, Yan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for the Analysis and Simulation of Geographical Process, Central China Normal University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (2) College of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (3) Research Institute for Sustainable Development of CCNU, Wuhan; 430079, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:148-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chlorophyll is a good indicator of plant nutrition stress, photosynthetic ability and aging process. The use of hyperspectral remote sensing technology to monitor the chlorophyll status of soybean leaves is of great significance for soybean growth diagnosis and fertilization regulation. However, the information weakly correlated to chlorophyll is very easy to be neglected in the selecting process, which leads to the loss of effective information containing chlorophyll. Therefore, it is important to determine the weak information variables in leaf spectra so as to reveal the rules of hyperspectral response of chlorophyll. This study collected 80 sets of soybean leaf samples at seed-filling period in Jianghan Plain. The leaf hyperspectral data were measured by ASD HandHeld2 type spectrometer and SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) value was measured by SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter in laboratory. The concentration gradient method was used to divide the whole sample set (80 samples) into a calibration set (54 samples) and a validation set (26 samples). Then the correlation between SPAD value and soybean leaf reflectance was analyzed, and as well as for every two spectral wavelength variables. The characteristic wavelengths of leaf spectrum were extracted from full bands based on iteratively retains informative variables (IRIV) method. Finally Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model were calibrated to estimate soybean leaf SPAD values by using characteristic variables and full spectral variables, respectively. The performance of the SPAD estimation model was tested using the determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>), root mean squared error (RMSE), and relative percent deviation (RPD). The results showed that the SPAD values of soybean leaves correlated strongly with the spectral wavelength variables in the visible bands, especially in the band of 500-650 nm and 690-730 nm, which were significantly negatively correlated with the spectral wavelength variables (P=0.01). The correlation between visible wavelength variables and near-infrared wavelength variables of soybean leaves was weak, and the correlation between internal variables of two bands was high, especially the collinear problem of near-infrared bands was prominent. Then 9 characteristic wavelength variables of soybean chlorophyll were determined based on IRIV algorithm. Among them, 5 strong information variables and 3 weak information variables were extracted in the visible bands, and 1 weak information variable was extracted in the near-infrared bands. The SVM model was better than the PLSR model. The R<sup>2</sup> of validation set in PLSR model was 0.52, but in SVM model was higher than 0.59, so the SPAD value and the reflectance tended to be nonlinear correlated. IRIV algorithm can effectively determine the characteristic wavelength variables of SPAD value of soybean leaves. The estimation ability based on IRIV characteristic wavelength variables model was better than that based on full spectral variables model and strong information variables model. The IRIV-SVM performance was the best, and the R<sup>2</sup> and RPD in validation set were 0.73 and 1.82, respectively. This study attempts to demonstrate the importance of weak information variables in the spectra and provides a theoretical basis for revealing the hyperspectral response mechanism of the leaves.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Crops - Gradient methods - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Reflection - Remote sensing - Space optics - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic wavelength variables - Determination coefficients - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral remote sensing technology - Iteratively retains informative variables - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Root mean squared errors - Soybean
Classification code:656.1 Space Flight - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.00e-07m to 6.50e-07m, Size 6.90e-07m to 7.30e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20184706107249
Title:Acquisition and experiment on location information of picking point of tomato fruit clusters
Authors:Liang, Xifeng (1); Jin, Chaoqi (1); Ni, Meidi (2); Wang, Yongwei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Rural Work Office of Yueqing Municipal Government, Yueqing; 325600, China; (3) School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yongwei(wywzju@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:163-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Automatic harvesting of fruits and vegetables is a key process to realize the automation and intellectualization of agricultural production, which can reduce production costs and improve the production efficiency. Tomato is one of the most fruits and vegetables planted in China. The researches on tomato harvesting robots are focused on the single fruit harvesting. The end-effector of the harvesting robot touches the tomato fruit directly and picks one tomato once during harvesting, so the tomato fruits are easy to be damaged and the harvesting efficiency is very low. To overcome the above shortages of the single fruit harvesting, the method of the tomato cluster picking was presented, and the determination method of picking point was developed based on the corner detection on the tomato stem skeleton for the binocular vision system of the tomato cluster picking robot in the paper. The test platform of the vision system was set up and the experiments on the determination of the picking points have been conducted. In the paper, the color images of the tomato clusters were collected in greenhouse in the agricultural production base. The target tomato cluster was segmented from background by OTSU method according to the color features of the tomato clusters and denoised by the morphologic method and threshold method. The centroid of tomato fruit cluster was obtained by enclosing rectangle method. Furthermore, the rectangle region of interest of the target stem was recognized according to constraint relationship between the fruit cluster and the fruit stem, which included the whole stem of the target tomato cluster. Converting the RGB (red, green, blue) color channel map to the HSV (hue, saturation, value) channel map, there are different grayscales between the stem and the background. The target stem of the tomato cluster was separated from background by using the gray difference of H channel and denoised by morphologic method, median filtering method and extracting the maximum connected region. To avoid the effects of the irregular stem on the picking point determination, we abstracted the stem skeletons by Zhang's thinning algorithm to simplify the stem original shape and extract the kernel information of the stem, and then, the Harris algorithm was applied to extract the corner points of the skeleton, and the corner points were sorted from large to small according to the vertical axis coordinates. The picking feature points on the target stem were obtained by averaging pixel coordinates of the 5 corner points. Sixty groups of experiments on the determination of picking points of the tomato cluster were carried out on the binocular vision test platform. The results show that the success rate of position information obtaining of the picking point on the stem is 90%. Comparing X and Y coordinates data of the picking point and centroid of the tomato fruit clusters, the X coordinates of the picking feature points vary in small range, while Y coordinates vary within wide limits, which results from the main stem growing in longitudinal direction. The mean absolute value of the pixel deviation of the Y coordinates is 21. The research provides the basis for locating the picking point on the stem for the tomato fruit cluster picking robots.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Binocular vision - Color - Edge detection - Efficiency - End effectors - Harvesters - Harvesting - Image processing - Image segmentation - Median filters - Musculoskeletal system - Pixels - Stereo image processing - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Binocular vision systems - Corner point detections - Determination methods - Longitudinal direction - Position of picking points - Production efficiency - Tomato clusters
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 703.2 Electric Filters - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.5 Robotics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20184706107261
Title:Optimal bulk density infilling reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment based on water characteristics
Authors:Wang, Xiaotong (1); Hu, Zhenqi (1); Liang, Yusheng (1); Chen, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhenqi(huzq1963@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:258-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Coal mining has caused large areas of arable land to collapse and accumulate water and these areas cannot be cultivated. Since these areasare located on banks of the Yellow River, using the sediment from the Yellow River as filling for mining subsidence land, which could not only dredge the Yellow River but also solve the problem of lack of filling materials. However, sediment form the Yellow River is sandy in texture with limited capacity to retain water and nutrients. Related researches showed that bulk density mainly affecting soil water characteristic. In order to study the relationship between the bulk density of sediments from the Yellow River and its water movement parameters and select the best bulk densityto fill mining subsidence land, an experiment was conducted in thelab with 8 different bulk densities under identical conditions. The saturated water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the Yellow River sediment were measured under different bulk densities. Using the Rosetta module built-in the HYDRUS-1D softwarebased on the model of Van Genuchtento simulatereciprocal of air entryvalue α and experiencedparameter m, and meanwhile, generation of corresponding water characteristic curves under different bulk densities. Based on the analysis of measured values and simulated results, the empirical models between the bulk density of Yellow River sediment and saturated water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity and model parameters (α, m) were established, respectively. The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99(P<0.01), and the determination coefficients were all greater than 0.93, and the relative error between the measured and simulated value were all less than 10.77%. Results showed that thematric potential was 0 in saturated condition, and the sediment water characteristics of the Yellow River were mainly determined by porosity. The saturated water content and thesaturated hydraulic conductivity both tended to decrease with the increase of the bulk density of the Yellow River sediments. While ρ<inf>b</inf> (bulk density)≥1.5g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the decreasing trend of saturated hydraulic conductivity becomes smooth with the increase of bulk density. Water characteristics of the Yellow River sediment were not only related to porosity, but also related to soil suction under the non-saturation state.The value of the reciprocal of air entryvalueαwas the lowest when ρ<inf>b</inf> =1.5g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and water loss is the slowest, therefore, the Yellow River sediment holding capacity was the best under this bulk density. The simulation test of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity also obtained the best bulk density is 1.5g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The main mechanism of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was high as non-capillary porositywas in a higher rate, in the early stage of permeability and the sediment of the Yellow River showed rapid water loss with low soil suction. When the bulk densitywas greater than 1.5g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the macro-pore was difficult to continue to compress with the improvement of the compactness. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivitydecreases trend became slowly with the bulk density progressively increased. In conlusion, the capillary porosity was thebiggestwhen the bulk density of Yellow River sediment was1.5g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which was more conducive to the retention of effective soil moisture. Therefore, the water retention capability of the Yellow River sediment can be improved by proper mechanical compaction control till the bulk density was 1.5g/cm<sup>3</sup> in the practice of filling mining subsidence land.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Cutting machines (mining) - Filling - Hydraulic conductivity - Land reclamation - Moisture - Porosity - Reclamation - Sediments - Soil moisture - Subsidence
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Determination coefficients - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil water characteristics - Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity - Unsaturated hydraulics - Water retention capability - Yellow river
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 632.1 Hydraulics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.50e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.08e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20184706107253
Title:Environment and economy efficiency valuation for rural domestic solid waste treatment demonstration projects using DEA method
Authors:Sun, Xiang (1); Huang, Ruhui (1); Zhu, Jinglin (1); Sun, Ting (2); Liu, Zheng (1); Feng, Qingge (1); Han, Biao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of the Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (2) Center for Environmental Education and Communications of Guangxi Province, Nanning; 530022, China; (3) Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning; 530022, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:190-197
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:During the next 10 years, national or local governments invest much capital to construct several rural solid waste treatment demonstration projects. However, the construction of rural domestic solid waste treatment demonstration projects overweighs its evaluation and management, which has been become the barrier that affects the achievement of the goal for the full coverage of rural solid waste harmless treatment. In this study, three index system scenarios were designed for the performance evaluation. The index system comprised input indices and out indices. The input indices include the occupied area, one-time investment, operation investment, etc., output indices include rural domestic solid waste treatment amount, emissions of air pollutants, water pollutants discharge, etc. In scenario 1, rural domestic solid waste treatment amount was designed as the sole output index for performance. In scenario 2, rural domestic solid waste treatment amount and air pollutant emission control were both considered in output index system. In scenario 3, rural domestic solid waste treatment amount, air pollutant emission control and water pollutant discharge control were all considered in output index system. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used for performance evaluation for the 21 solid waste treatment demonstration projects in Guangxi of China. Afterwards, Mann-Whitney & Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to test the significant difference of comprehensive technical efficiency among incineration treatment, pyrolysis treatment and bio-fermentation treatment. Finally, the investment reasonable ranges of rural solid waste treatment were obtained. The results showed that: 1) 12 demonstration projects showed good performance, in which 10 projects using incineration technology, and 2 projects using pyrolysis technology. Additionally, pollutant output indicators have some impacts on the performance evaluation results. The results have some could provide a reference for the strategy adjustment of the specific demonstration projects. For the projects with low scale performance, it should be better if the total treatment scale and the occupied area were lower, or the operation efficiency was re-adjusted. 2) Incineration, pyrolysis and biological fermentation technology weer all suitable for rural domestic waste treatment. 3) Incineration demonstration projects with good performance had generally used water bathing control process for pollutant control. Pyrolysis demonstration projects with good performance had adopted the gasification, secondary chamber, activated carbon adsorption and bag filter system for pollutant control. 4) The recommended one-time investment control of domestic waste treatment using incineration, pyrolysis and biological technology should be among the range of (15.92±11.98)×10<sup>4</sup>RMB, (35.00±7.07)×10<sup>4</sup>RMB per ton, respectively. The recommended daily operation control of domestic waste treatment using incineration, pyrolysis and biological technology should be among the range of (26.08±15.33)×10<sup>4</sup>RMB, (57.5±10.61) ×10<sup>4</sup>RMB per ton, respectively. The recommended one-time land occupation control of domestic waste treatment using incineration, pyrolysis and biological technology should be among the range of (39.74±18.19)×10<sup>4</sup>RMB, (7.33±2.31) ×10<sup>4</sup>RMB per ton, respectively. The performance evaluation results can provide reference for screening feasible rural domestic solid waste treatment technologies and fully covering application in rural areas of China.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Activated carbon - Activated carbon treatment - Air pollution - Costs - Data envelopment analysis - Demonstrations - Economics - Efficiency - Emission control - Fermentation - Investments - Municipal solid waste - Pollution - Project management - Pyrolysis - Rural areas - Waste incineration - Wastes - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Activated carbon adsorption - Air pollutant emission - Demonstration project - Domestic solid wastes - Fermentation technologies - Incineration technology - Operation efficiencies - Performance evaluations
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922 Statistical Methods - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20184706107239
Title:Numerical analysis and experiment of abrasive flow machining microhole structure based on CFD-DEM coupling
Authors:Li, Junye (1, 2); Su, Ningning (1); Hu, Jinglei (1); Yang, Zhaojun (2); Sheng, Liang (1); Zhang, Xinming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xinming(zxm@cust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:80-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Abrasive flow machining method is a new precision processing method. Unlike the traditonal mechanical processing, the biggest feature of this technology is its polishing liquid. Because of the rheological properties of the polishing liquid, it can enter into any complex and tiny flow channels without limitation. In addition, according to the size and structure of the machined parts, the suitable polishing fluid can be simply and effectively configured. In the abrasive flow machining process, the inlet velocity is the main parameter affecting the processing efficiency and accuracy of the abrasive flow. Therefore, the inlet velocity is selected as the processing parameter to study the processing effect of the abrasive flow on the part. At present, most of the research content about abrasive flow processing is mainly focused on the machine parameters and abrasive configuration, while the particles decisive role in the whole process was ignoring. The essence of abrasive flow processing is the shear, collision, and friction between the innumerable particles and the processed surface,, so it is great significance to study the distribution and mechanical properties of particles. Based on the above background, the micro-component dispensing head is selected as the simulation and test object in this paper. With the abrasive flow machining technology and the combination of CFD ( computational fluid dynamics) and DEM (discrete element method), the fluid simulation software FLUENT was used to perform the numerical analysis of the abrasive flow machining process, and the distribution of fluids and particles during processing were discussed, the distribution of fluids and particles under different inlet velocity conditions was compared and analyzed, the micro-cutting behavior of the abrasive flow machining was revealed. The collision model of the particles impact the processed surface was established. The effect of the abrasive flow on processed surface and the material removal mechanism were clarified. Numerical simulations showed that, with the increase of the inlet velocity, the effects of fluids and particles on the processed surface were enhanced, the friction and collision between the particles and the surface were severer, more kinetic energy of the particles was converted into cutting energy, and the removal rate of the material was improved. The collision model showed that the removal of the surface material was achieved by continuous impact and shear of the particles. The NT100 grating measuring instrument and scanning electron microscope were used to detect the surface topography after the abrasive flow processing. The test results showed that the surface roughness decreased from 2.03μm to 0.65μm., the surface roughness was significantly lower than that before processing, and the surface quality was obviously improved. The study provides a reference for further research on abrasive flow processing and micro-cutting.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Abrasives - Computer software - Cutting - Cutting fluids - Experiments - Friction - Inlet flow - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Machining centers - Mechanical properties - Micromachining - Numerical analysis - Numerical methods - Polishing - Scanning electron microscopy - Shear flow - Surface roughness - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Abrasive flow machining - CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - CFD-DEM - Inlet velocity conditions - Material removal - Material removal mechanisms - Measuring instruments - Mechanical processing
Classification code:603.1 Machine Tools, General - 604.2 Machining Operations - 606.1 Abrasive Materials - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.03e-06m to 6.50e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20184706107248
Title:General improved SSD model for picking object recognition of multiple fruits in natural environment
Authors:Peng, Hongxing (1); Huang, Bo (1); Shao, Yuanyuan (2); Li, Zesen (1); Zhang, Chaowu (1); Chen, Yan (3); Xiong, Juntao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Xiong, Juntao(xiongjt2340@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:155-162
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is the leading country in the world for the production of fruits, and the variety of fruits is very wide. But fruits harvesting heavily depends on manual hand picking, and it's time-consuming, low efficient and labor-intensive. Fruit picking robot can realize the automation of fruit picking operation and solve the problems of shortage of labor force and high cost. Fruit identification with machine vision is the primary task. But in the field environment, fruit images are easily affected by many external environmental factors such as light changes, fruit size difference, complicated background noise, which can reduce the identification accuracy of fruit with traditional fruit recognition algorithm. And without general feature extraction model, traditional fruit recognition algorithm can only focus on one specific fruit. Deep learning algorithm has the advantages of strong non-linear feature expression ability, and good generalization performance, and can avoid the subjectivity and limitation of human selection on feature selection. In order to solve the problems of low recognition rate and weak generalization for fruit recognition in the field environment, with the apple, litchi, navel orange, Huangdi gan as the research object, an improved single shot detector (SSD) deep learning model for fruit detection is put forward in this study. That is to use ResNet-101 model to replace the VGG16 network in the classic SSD detection framework. After the replacement, the framework still uses 6 feature extraction layers to predict the type and location of fruit objects at each layer; then the weight model under the large data sets is transplanted to multi-class fruit detection tasks with the method of transfer learning. The SSD deep learning model is optimized by using SGD (stochastic gradient descent) algorithm. The weight model of the pre-training on the ImageNet data set is used as the initial weight model of the SSD detection framework, and the training time and resources are further reduced by transferring the characteristics of the learning. At the same time, data enhancement method is used to improve the robustness of the algorithm without reducing the detection accuracy. Based on the Caffe deep learning framework, fruit detection results are compared for the multi-class fruit pictures collected in the field environment with different network models, different data set sizes and different occlusion ratios. Experimental results show that after a day of training, the residual error reference model takes about 0.14 s when detecting the image with a resolution of 500×500 pixels, only about 0.09 s slower than the VGG16 network model. And in various environments, the average detection accuracy of the 4 kinds of fruit based on the improved SSD deep learning fruit detection model can reach 88.4%, which is higher than that of the classic SSD deep learning model that is 86.38%. After data are enhanced, the average detection accuracy can be improved by 1.13 percentage points and reach 89.53%, and the F<inf>1</inf>-score can reach 96.12% when the occlusion area is lower than 50%. Therefore, compared with the traditional recognition algorithm, this method based on improved SSD model can realize multi-class fruit image detection simultaneously without artificial feature selection for different fruit images, and has better generalization and robustness. It can achieve accurate detection of multiple kinds of fruits in the field environment, and provides a new solution for the problem of fruit detection and recognition in agricultural automation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Deep learning - Extraction - Feature extraction - Image enhancement - Image recognition - Learning algorithms - Models - Object recognition - Problem solving - Stochastic models - Stochastic systems
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental factors - Generalization performance - Identification accuracy - Natural environments - Recognition algorithm - ResNet-101 - Stochastic gradient descent - VGG16
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.1 Probability Theory - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.64e+01%, Percentage 8.84e+01%, Percentage 8.95e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+01%, Time 1.40e-01s, Time 9.00e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20184706107251
Title:Illumination spatial distribution prediction method based on apple tree canopy box-counting dimension
Authors:Guo, Cailing (1, 2); Zhang, Weijie (1); Liu, Gang (1); Feng, Juan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agricultural of China, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Tangshan University, Tangshan; 063000, China; (3) College of Information Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:177-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The fruit tree canopy structure determines the canopy illumination spatial distribution (CISD) in every growth stage, and especially in the stable stage, the CISD degree is one of the most important factors related to fruit yield and quality. In the fine management of orchards, in the quiescent stage, trees were trimmed to ideal structures in order to get the high quality CISD in the stable stage. As we all know, the trimming effect directly affects the distribution of the CISD. To analyze the CISD associated with the spring pruning in the apple tree canopy, spindle-shaped apple tree was taken as the research object, and a predicting methodology, the illumination spatial distribution prediction method considering apple tree canopy fractal features, was proposed based on the three-dimensional (3D) canopy structure. In this study, the canopy was divided into cell grids regularly. The Trimble TX8 was used to get the 3D apple tree canopy point clouds, and then the tree canopy point clouds were cut into cell grids as the same size as in the orchards, too. To describe the different structures within the canopy, each cell grid was projected on a horizontal surface, which was perpendicular to the tree trunk and parallel to the ground. The projection of each grid was different, but similar with each other. Because of these characteristics, a new box-counting dimension based on 3D point clouds projection approach of the cell grid was used to describe different cell grids' spatial structure. Onset light intensity acquisition system was used to obtain the illumination intensity in each cell grid in the stable growth stage from June to September. Further, the average illumination intensity of corresponding cell grid was calculated. In the prediction research work, a practical new hybrid model to predict trimming effect based on the relative CISD in apple tree canopy was proposed. The model was based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) in combination with support vector machines (SVMs). This optimization mechanism involved kernel parameter setting in the SVM training procedure, which significantly influences the regression accuracy. The kernel function was determined by analyzing the influence of 4 different kernel functions (linear, polynomial, RBF (radial basis function) and sigmoid) on prediction accuracy, mean squared error and squared correction coefficient. The comparative analysis result was that the RBF kernel function achieved the expected result. The prediction model was based on the statistical learning theory and goodness of fit to experimental data, and successfully used here to predict the relative CISD. This combination of 2 different descriptors, which represented 2 features of a cell-grid, was utilized for subsequent classification (invalid light area or high quality light area) by employing the model. In the field experiment, the cell grid size was 0.4 m × 0.4 m × 0.4 m. All the cell grids were divided into 2 groups, facing to the sun (FS) and backing against the sun (BS). The model in this paper was trained by the data in 2014, 2015 and 2016, and then predicted the relative CISD in 2017. At the same time, the model was trained by the data in 2015, 2016 and 2017, and then predicted the relative CISD in 2018, too. The experimental results showed that the classification prediction accuracies of the FS model and the BC model were 76.11% and 74.10%, respectively, which indicated the good performance of the proposed method. The specific method proposed in this paper can make a contribution to the fruit quality management of apple orchard.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Cells - Cytology - Forecasting - Forestry - Fruits - Lighting - Mean square error - Orchards - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Quality management - Radial basis function networks - Support vector machines - Trimming
Uncontrolled terms:3D point cloud - Box-counting dimension - Classification prediction - Pso-svm - RBF(radial basis function) - Statistical learning theory - Support vector machine (SVMs) - Three-dimensional (3-D) canopy structure
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.41e+01%, Percentage 7.61e+01%, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20184706107243
Title:Markov Chain Monte Carlo based WOFOST model parameters calibration and uncertainty analysis
Authors:Huang, Jianxi (1, 2); Huang, Hai (1); Ma, Hongyuan (1); Li, Ying (3, 4); Hou, Yingyu (5); He, Liang (5); Zhu, Dehai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology of China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (4) Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (5) National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:113-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is generally accepted that the model parameters calibration is an essential step before application. However, the traditional methods of obtaining a set of "optional parameters" based on a certain number of observations, fail to represent the uncertainties and get reliable estimates. To overcome this problem, we introduced the DE-MC (differential evolution Markov chain) algorithm with snooker update into the WOFOST (world food studies) model parameters calibration. The main objectives were: 1) to calibrate the WOFOST model by DE-MC algorithm with snooker update; 2) to evaluate the uncertainty of the model parameters after calibration; 3) to evaluate the uncertainty of the model outputs after calibration. Observational data including LAI (leaf area index) in different growth stages and the final yield of winter wheat in Zhengzhou Agrometeorological Experimental Station, were used to calibrate WOFOST model at potential mode with this algorithm. The crop parameters related to accumulated temperature were calculated directly from the crop phenological development date and near-surface temperature. The remaining crop parameters were analyzed by Sobol method. Taking Sobol global sensitivity index greater than 0. 05 as the threshold for sensitive parameters, 14 parameters were then selected. The calibrated parameters were defined as the uniform distribution over their value interval. The likelihood function represented the mismatch of the model output with the measured observations, by which the parameters' priori distribution converted to posterior distribution. The likelihood function for yield was set as a Gaussian distribution with the observational data as expected value and 10% of the observational data as standard deviation. Similarly, the likelihood function for LAI was set as a multidimensional Gaussian distribution with observational LAI as the expected vector and a diagonal matrix as the covariance matrix. At last, we found that: 1) Compared with the simulation results with model default parameters, the LAI simulation accuracy could be increased by 51.40%-53.07% after the parameter calibration, and the yield simulation accuracy is improved by 8.25%-8.88%; 2) The posterior distribution of life span of leaves growing at 35 Celsius (SPAN), specific leaf area at development stage of 0.7 (SLATB070), specific leaf area at development stage of 0.4 (SLATB040), maximum CO<inf>2</inf> assimilation rate at development stage of 1.3 (AMAXTB130), and specific leaf area at development stage of 0 (SLATB00) could be approximated as a Gaussian distribution with SPAN having the minimum uncertainty; 3) Running model with the posterior parameters set, the uncertainty of simulated LAI from the three-leaf stage to the re-greening stage and from the jointing stage to the heading stage is larger; the uncertainty of the simulated yield increases with time before the milky ripe stage, stayed unchanged until maturity. It was concluded that DE-MC with snooker update was an effective algorithm for parameters estimation of WOFOST model, the calibration had the potential to reduce the uncertainty of the model parameters and the calibrated model was able to model the observational data with some degree of skill. The calibration data used in this study was the observation data from the agrometeorological site. Although the crop varieties were consistent, the inter-annual cultivation management measures were not strictly controlled (eg. : seeding density), and the accuracy of the calibration results might be affected. Subsequent experiments can be carried out in more areas using experimental data with quantitative control to further verify the effectiveness of this algorithm.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Uncertainty analysis
Controlled terms:Covariance matrix - Crops - Cultivation - Evolutionary algorithms - Function evaluation - Gaussian distribution - Markov processes - Maximum likelihood estimation - Meteorology - Models - Optimization - Parameter estimation
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Different growth stages - Markov Chain Monte-Carlo - MCMC method - Near surface temperature - Parameters calibrations - Posterior distributions - Wofost models
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.14e+01% to 5.31e+01%, Temperature 3.08e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20184706107250
Title:Detection of cracking tomato based on machine vision in greenhouse
Authors:Liu, Hongfei (1); Huang, Minmin (1); Zhao, Xudong (2); Lu, Wenting (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Agricultural Science and Technology Exhibition Park of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) School of Business Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing; 100070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:170-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A new combined algorithm is put forward to facilitate the prediction of tomato cracking rate and automatic screening of dehiscent fruit. In order to improve the recognition accuracy and reduce the segmentation error in natural illumination, different color spaces of the original image were compared in the preliminary segmentation section, then multi-channel in color space that including R-Bchromatic aberration characteristic, normalized R channel and Hue channel were chosen. For the pre-segmentation may include some non-target areas, the relevant texture features were used to make a secondary identification of potential areas. In this study, SVM (support vector machine) was built based on fruit areas and non-fruit areas of a certain size (10×10 pixels) extracted from the training image. 5 texture features, including standard deviation, smoothness, third-moment, energy, and entropy were calculated for those fruit areas and non-fruit areas, thus the regions of target and background could be successfully separated by the algorithm. Then, the edges and contours, extracted in this foreground area, were used to construct the contour dataset. The Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm was implemented to split the contours in this dataset. Since the edges of the tomato fruit were mainly arc fragments, the contour set was preliminary selected according to the contour length and contour curvature. This part was especially important to simplify the contour set and improve the efficiency of subsequent calculation. Circular Hough transform (CHT) was then applied to fit the contour set. The maximum value of distance transform in foreground binary region was taken as the limit of fitting ellipse radius. If the circle radius was bigger than the maximum fruit radius, the circle would be rejected. If the distance between 2 circles was smaller than two-thirds of the maximum value, the circle would be rejected due to the heavy occlusion between 2 tomato fruits. The least square contour correction was made based on the roundness and the number of background pixels contained in this ellipse area. The best results were thus selected from multiple fitting results in the same region. The proposed method combined the texture, color, and shape information of the tomatoes and presented a good recognition accuracy in greenhouse. In view of the great difference in texture features between good fruit and dehiscent fruit, texture feature was selected in this study. Two-dimensional Gabor wavelets transform can extract texture feature from different scales and different directions, which is also insensitive to illumination and rotation. Therefore, the Gabor wavelets was used to distinguish good fruit and dehiscent fruit. Texture features including the energy and normalized mean were extracted from 4 scales and 10 directions in good fruit and dehiscent fruit regions in the training images, which contained about 195 good fruit regions and 55 dehiscent fruit regions. Then another SVM classifier was trained based on this texture feature to distinguish the recognized fruits in subsequent experiment. A total of 82 images were used in this study, in which 50 images were used as training images, and the other 32 images were used as validation images. Experiments showed the correct recognition rate for 128 tomato fruits in the total 32 images is 91.41%, the recognition rate for the dehiscent fruits reached 97.14%, the average processing time of this algorithm was 249 ms. This algorithm had good robustness, stability for fruit recognition and dehiscent fruit identification, which was instructive for the estimation of tomato yield and automatic classification of dehiscent fruit in the process of picking system. It would also build a solid foundation for the future implementation of on-line monitoring system in greenhouse, whichwas used to record growth information during the plant growth cycle.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Color - Computer vision - Crack detection - Edge detection - Feature extraction - Geometry - Greenhouses - Hough transforms - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image segmentation - Image texture - Pixels - Support vector machines - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic classification - Circular hough transforms (CHT) - Feature - Fruit recognition - On-line monitoring system - Shi tomasi corner detections - SVM(support vector machine) - Target and background
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.71e+01%, Time 2.49e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20184706107264
Title:Quantification detection of beef adulteration with spoiled beef based on biospeckle imaging and inertia moment spectrum
Authors:Jia, Guifeng (1, 2); Chen, Wei (1); Feng, Yaoze (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Yaoze(yaoze.feng@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:281-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Adulteration of beef with spoiled beef seriously endangers the health and economic interest of consumers. Therefore, it is of great significance to implement nondestructive detection of beef adulteration. Traditional methods for detecting meat adulteration are destructive and laborious. Biological speckle (bio-speckle) technique is a non-invasive and rapid detection method. Therefore, in this paper, bio-speckle technique was used for quantitative detection of beef adulteration by detecting bioactivity variance among samples. In the experiment, a total of 62 adulterated beef samples with different adulteration concentrations of 0, 1%, 3%, 5%-60% (5% increment) and 100% (w/w) were prepared by mixing fresh and spoiled beef at different ratios, and the samples were divided into calibration set and test set by sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distance (SPXY). The samples were illuminated by a 10 mw laser at 632 nm with 60° incident angle. Five hundred biological speckle images (640×480 pixels) of each sample were collected by a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera at 20 fps. To solve the problem of poor stability of traditional single row/column inertia moment (IM) method in characterizing bio-speckle activities of samples, a new method named inertia moment spectrum (IM spectrum) was developed. Specifically, the temporal history speckle patterns (THSPs) for individual columns of the bio-speckle images were generated, based on which IM was calculated for each column. By splicing IM of each column, a spatially continuous spectrum, i.e., IM spectrum is established. IM spectrum represents the spatial biological activity information of the sample and thus has strong anti-interference ability. By comparing the IM spectrum of different adulteration samples, it was found that IM spectrum offered a good alternative for visualizing sample variance due to adulteration levels. The width of a broad peak corresponding to the illumination center of laser decreased with the increase of adulteration levels, which may be contributed to physical and chemical component difference that resulted in scatter coefficient variations of different samples. Moreover, the IM spectrum was normalized and utilized in the development of support vector regression machine (SVR) model for beef adulteration detection. Model parameters including penalty parameter and kernel function parameter were optimized by particle swarm algorithm. The results showed that the SVR model based on IM spectrum was feasible to predict the levels of adulteration in beef, in which the coefficients of determination and the root mean squared errors were 0.85 and 0.12 as well as 0.81 and 0.11 for calibration set and test set, respectively. The penalty parameter and kernel function parameter of the model were 1.96 and 0.01, respectively. The coefficients of determination of the model were greater than 0.8, and the root mean squared errors for calibration and test were close, indicating that the model has high stability and good precision. Besides, from the scatter plot of the predicted and true values of the model, it was found that the main errors of the model originated from 100% adulteration samples and one unadulterated sample. However, since all spoiled beef samples were predicted as high adulteration levels, it was therefore considered that such SVR model was still of practical use. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to use bio-speckle imaging and IM spectrum analysis for detecting beef adulteration with spoiled beef. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to further improve model performance and explore the usefulness of IM spectrum in bio-speckle analysis.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Spectrum analysis
Controlled terms:Beef - Bioactivity - Calibration - Charge coupled devices - Errors - Image processing - Lasers - Mean square error - Speckle - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Adulteration - Inertia moment - Kernel function parameters - Laser speckle - Nondestructive detection - Nondestructive determination - Particle swarm algorithm - Support vector regression machines
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 744.1 Lasers, General - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Size 6.32e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20184706107263
Title:Non-destructive detection of stress cracking in rice kernel by acoustic emission
Authors:Wu, Zhonghua (1, 2); Kang, Ning (1); Dong, Xiaolin (1); Zhao, Lijuan (1, 2); Zhang, Zhongjie (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin; 300222, China; (2) International Joint Research Center of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment, Tianjin; 300222, China; (3) Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing; 100037, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Zhonghua(wuzhonghua@tust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:274-280
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice kernels after being harvested would encounter various stresses in its sequent operations such as drying, milling. These stresses easily cause the stress cracks. Stress cracks are classified into micro cracks, meso cracks and macro cracks. The stress cracks are generally propagated from micro to meso cracks, and even to macro ones, which are called fissuring. Rice fissuring would reduce the head rice yield and thus the economic value of rice. However, there is no effective method to study stress cracks. In this work, the acoustic emission method was first proposed to investigate the cracks. The hot air drying and mechanical compression experiment were performed. The experimental material was the Tianyou 3301 indica hybrid rice with an initial moisture content of 22%. The acoustic emission (AE) pulse signals generated by the stress cracking inside the rice kernel during the drying and mechanical compression processes were monitored by AE instrument respectively. The relationships between drying, stress and strain, AE pulse signal of the rice kernel were analyzed based on the rice drying experimental and numerical results, and AE results. Experimental results show that the AE signals in the drying and mechanical compression processes can be measured effectively. In the air drying process, the timing sequence property of the AE signals generated in the rice kernel agreed well with the drying characteristics and some typical drying phenomena. In the case of the rice kernel with an initial 22% moisture content dried at 60 ℃, the AE signals were active in the initial heating stage of 0-7 min and these signals were believed to be caused by the temperature gradient. In the 7-40 min, the AE signals were weak because the temperature gradient diminished but the moisture gradient increased gradually. The AE signals became active again after 40 min, which was expected to be caused by the moisture content gradient. It was observed that their peaks were corresponding to the maximum moisture content gradient. In the sequent cooling process, the intensive AE signals were observed, which agreed well with the fact that the rice fissuring would increase fast in the cooling process after a high-temperature air drying process. In the mechanical compression process of 15 N, the mechanical stress increased linearly and the dense AE signal areas appeared sequentially, indicating the stress cracks propagated from micro to meso ones gradually during the compression process. No rice fissuring was observed. In the mechanical compression process of 30 N, the peak value of the AE signal appeared simultaneously in the time of stress yielding of the rice kernel; and also the rice fissuring was observed. Compared with the kernel with the initial 22% moisture content, the rice kernel with an initial 14% moisture content had a weaker AE signal distribution in the mechanical compression process of 30 N, which agreed well with the fact that the kernel with a low moisture content has a higher strength. This work demonstrates that the AE method is an effective and promising one to study the rice stress cracking.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Acoustic emission testing
Controlled terms:Acoustic emissions - Cracks - Drying - Grain (agricultural product) - Moisture - Moisture determination - Solar dryers - Stress analysis - Stress-strain curves - Thermal gradients
Uncontrolled terms:Acoustic emission method - Fissuring - Initial Moisture Content - Mechanical compression - Moisture content gradient - Nondestructive detection - Rice - Stress cracks
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 751.2 Acoustic Properties of Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.50e+01N, Force 3.00e+01N, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Time 0.00e+00s to 4.20e+02s, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 4.20e+02s to 2.40e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20184706107255
Title:Design and application of monitoring system for crab breeding base based on internet of things
Authors:Liu, Yuqing (1); Li, Jiajia (1); Cao, Shouqi (1); Xing, Bowen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding author:Cao, Shouqi(sqcao@shou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:205-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aquaculture plays a vital role in our social and economic life, but its long production cycle, high labor intensity, low production efficiency, large waste of resources, and severe susceptibility to disease, significantly restrict the healthy development of the aquaculture industry. Facing a growing consumer market, traditional farming methods are increasingly unable to meet the demands of the public, creating great uncertainty in this crucial industry. This paper aims to develop a holistic management system for the crab farming, by combining technologies such as internet of things (according to the three-layer architecture of service layer, application layer and executive layer) and big data to systematically monitor and control aspects across the entire system. The system mainly includes the following aspects: 1) Aquaculture center water quality and environment sensor network: A distributed sensor network is required for continuous and real-time monitoring of key water quality parameters (including dissolved oxygen, pH value, and temperature), and such a system would be arranged within the water, together with underwater cameras, to provide a constant stream of data for processing. Additionally, information from a second network of local meteorological sensors (such as temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, barometric pressure, rainfall and illumination) will be gathered, and when combined with the underwater data, a complete data monitoring network will be formed based on the internet of things technology. 2) Intelligent control network of farming center: Aquaculture equipment mainly includes aerators, feeders, and so on, with management approaches to these being low-tech, not optimized and wasteful currently. Through real-time analysis of water quality data, the growth cycle of aquatic crops, and their active morphological data can be fed into a learning model, which will determine the optimum oxygen content at any given moment and allow real-time precise control of the aerator. Furthermore, predicting the hunger time of the aquatic species will enable accurate feeding regimes, greatly avoiding wastage of precious resources and improving production efficiency. Users can remotely browse data in any place with network coverage through a computer browser or mobile phone App. The server of the entire system is hosted at the Shanghai Ocean University's network management center, deployed on the server website, mobile phone App service background, and so on. The system adopts embedded single-chip microcomputer (STC15F2K60S2) as the bottom layer controller chip, and communicates with the sensor by RS485 protocol. Each subsystem network uses ESP8266 WIFI module to connect AP(access point) station and the video surveillance uses EZVIZ cloud platform. PLC (programmable logic controller) is the control part for the aquaculture equipment. The system has passed the actual debugging in the Chongming crab breeding base, which belongs to Shanghai Ocean University, and all the indicators meet the requirements. The accuracy of each parameter reaches the detection standard. Up to now, the system is stable in operation and can meet the requirements of aquaculture. By testing, the communication success rate of the whole system is more than 98%, and the average relative errors of dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value are ±0.016 mg/L, ±0.031 ℃, and ±0.023, respectively. It is worth promoting the application. This system can provide guarantees to promote the growth and sustainability of this key industry, in addition to brand building of aquaculture and the rapid transformation and upgrading of the industry. As a demonstration of modern aquaculture, especially in the fields of industrialized aquaculture, seedling raising and cage culture, the system can provide scientific guidance on the production and management of aquaculture for the farmers. At the same time it will be good for the construction of the big data platform of the whole industry chain.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Aquaculture - Atmospheric pressure - Big data - Biochemical oxygen demand - Cellular telephone systems - Cellular telephones - Controllers - Dissolved oxygen - Efficiency - Internet of things - Mobile phones - Monitoring - Network security - pH - Program debugging - Programmable logic controllers - Quality control - Security systems - Sensor networks - Sensors - Servers - Shellfish - Sustainable development - Telephone sets - Water quality - Wind - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Design and application - Distributed sensor networks - Internet of things technologies - PLC (programmable logic controller) - Single chip microcomputers - Threelayer architecture - Water quality parameters - Wireless communications
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 445.2 Water Analysis - 461.9 Biology - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20184706107262
Title:Development status of 3D printing technology for food
Authors:Liu, Qiannan (1); Zhang, Chunjiang (1); Zhang, Liang (1); Hu, Xiaojia (1); Yu, Yongming (2); Hu, Honghai (1); Huang, Feng (1); Tian, Fang (1); Tan, Yaoyao (1, 2); Dai, Xiaofeng (1, 2); Zhang, Hong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Academy of Food Nutrition and Health Innovation, CAAS, Hefei; 238000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hong(zhanghong03@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:265-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has been used in many fields, such as medical, construction, automobile industries and so on. In recent years, 3D printing technology of food has developed rapidly, as with the diversification of the 3D printing forms related to that. This paper introduced the working principle, application range, advantages, limitations and market application of the extrusion, powder binding deposition and inkjet 3D printing. The extrusion-based printing was the most popular system in food printing. The multi-axis stages used in extrusion-based food printing included Cartesian, Delta, Polar and Scara configurations. There were 3 extrusion mechanisms which were used to extrude liquid or semisolid materials. The extrusion mechanisms were syringe-based extrusion, air pressure driven extrusion and screw-based extrusion. According to varied temperature control, the current extrusion-based food printer could be classified into room temperature extrusion, hot-melt extrusion and hydrogel-forming extrusion. For food 3D printing, except for extrusion-based printing, powder binding deposition was another common system. This category could be divided into 3 sub-types: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective Hot Air Sintering and Melting (SHASAM) and Liquid Binding (LB), which have in common the powder deposition in bed. And 3 properties of food materials related to critical factors were suggested here for the rational design of 3D food structures. They were printability, applicability and post-processing of the food materials. The printability for extrusion-based 3D printing mainly referred to the rheology, thermal (melting point and glass transition temperature) and gel properties of materials. For the powder binding deposition, the printability mainly referred to the particle size distribution, bulk density, wettability and flow ability of materials. The applicability meant the stability of the designed shape in the 3D modeling, and whether the desired graphics could be obtained according to the predetermined program. Last, the post-processing refereed to the appearance stability of a printed product after baking, cooking and frying and this feature was related to the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of materials. At present, the factors restricting the development of food 3D printing technology were the limitations and liquidity of printing materials, the printing speed, the stability of the printed model and so on. Different materials had different effects on the processing characteristics of 3D printing. For extrusion-based printing, the gel property of starch could change the viscosity of paste material, thus affecting the printability and applicability of 3D printing. The material of rich cellulose might cause clogging of the nozzle, because of insufficient comminution, while fat could be used as a plasticizer or lubricant for materials. Different proteins had different effects on the rheological properties of paste materials, therefore, appropriate type and amount.of protein should be added to 3D printing material to change the flow characteristics according to the rheological characteristics of the demand. For powder binding deposition, the powder component was ideally bimodal or multimodal to allow for ease of spreading as well as to enhance adhesion. Smaller particles were filled in the middle of larger particles to form a more compact structure and reduce porosity. The D50 of materials was suitable between 20 microns and 100 microns. In the process of injection, the droplets of the binder needed to remain spherical, not towing and merging, and should keep a straight line at a certain speed, and fall accurately in a predetermined position. There was an urgent need that combined food 3D printing technology with food science and nutrition, in order to find a breakthrough in developing personalized products for different groups of people. First of all, according to the needs of the proportion of people's nutrition, we made recipes, and got the density of materials. Then, the volume needed for food was calculated according to the quality and the density of materials. Last, 3D modeling was made to get the nutritional customized food needed by the crowd. In summary, the food 3D printing would bring a new revolution to the food processing.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:70
Main heading:3D printers
Controlled terms:Automotive industry - Deposition - Extrusion - Food processing - Food products - Glass transition - Laser heating - Materials properties - Melt spinning - Nutrition - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Processing - Proteins - Sintering - Temperature - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:Development status - Flow charac-teristics - Market applications - Personalized products - Rheological characteristics - Rheological property - Selective laser sintering - Semi-solid materials
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 744.9 Laser Applications - 745.1.1 Printing Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20184706107246
Title:Design and implementation of agricultural production management information system based on WebGIS
Authors:Wei, Yuanyuan (1); Wang, Xue (1); Wang, Rujing (1, 2); Gui, Yuanmiao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Intelligent Machine, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China; (2) School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; 230026, China
Corresponding author:Gui, Yuanmiao(smalltalkman@foxmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:139-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems that data are difficult to save, planting structure map is difficult to draw manually, and the existing management system does not match the demand in the present stage of farm management, an agricultural production management information system is designed and developed based on WebGIS technology, aimed at meeting the request of agricultural production management for large or medium-sized farms with the mode of "farm + production team". The system is developed with Browser/Server software architecture by using Java as development language. The database is designed as attribute database and spatial database thinking about the multilevel and spatiotemporal characteristics of farm data. The attribute database is created by MySQL database management system. ArcGIS platform is used to construct spatial database, and publish maps as services to ArcGIS Server sites. The development environment integrates Spring MVC (model-view-controller), JPA (Java persistence API), and Hibernate, so as to achieve the effect of layered development. WebGIS front-end development is implemented by ArcGIS API for JavaScript. Bootstrap response design is adopted to support user access to the system through mobile terminals such as smartphones, and tablets. The implementation of the system is divided into 2 steps. Firstly, we give structural expression and management for the factors such as the general situation of the farm, the establishment of the organization, the production resources, the planting structure and the field management process. Secondly, the farm on the ground is managed and displayed on the Internet. The goal is to realize the whole process information management of crop production. The process is from pre-sowing to the field management and then to the harvest, and so on. Farm managers can report and examine this information at any time and anywhere. The main functional modules include farm organization management, production material management, production datum reporting, thematic analysis, information service publication and system management. Production materials include farmer, agricultural machinery and arable land. The production datum consists of planting plan, farming activity, farming progress, disease and insect, and disaster situations. Based on the datum of the production datum reporting module, farm planting structure map (pie chart), production team planting structure map (histogram), and field planting distribution map can be dynamically generated. System management includes user management, crop management and module management. Three types of users named system administrator, farm user and production team user, are designed in the system. Each type of user has different functional rights and is set up through the user management module. Crop management module provides a way for farm user to manage the crops grown on their own farm, including the setting of the display attributes of different crops on the map. Module management allows different users to customize the functional modules they need. At present, the system has been successfully applied in some farms or agricultural bases, such as Longkang Farm in Anhui Province, Xeltala Farm and Tenihe Farm in Hulunbuir City, academician workstation, and so on. Practical applications show that the system has the advantages of being easy to use, strong universality and good extensibility. For example, data flows and thematic maps are independent, so the information management function is not affected when some farms fail to customize the farm space database. The system is also applicable for those farms such as agricultural research stations, cooperatives, and family farms, in which farmers manage the field directly. The system can assist the farm managers to work scientifically, conveniently and efficiently, so as to improve the informatization and modernization level of farm production management, also enhance leaders' macro decision-making ability.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Computer software - Crops - Cultivation - Database systems - Decision making - Farms - Geographic information systems - Human resource management - Industrial management - Information services - Information systems - Information use - Management - Management information systems - Managers - Maps - Statistical methods
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural production management - Design and implementations - Development environment - Model view controller - Organization management - Spatiotemporal characteristics - Thematic analysis - Web-GIS
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 903.4 Information Services - 912.2 Management - 912.4 Personnel - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20184706107231
Title:Design and test of header parameter keys electric control adjusting device for rice and wheat combined harvester
Authors:Chen, Jin (1); Wang, Shuqing (1); Lian, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:19-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The degree of automation of domestic combine harvester is low, and the operation is complex, it is difficult for workers to understand the actual adjustment of working parts. Crop height, crop length, height of the ground and the lack of consistency in course of project led to the continuous adjustment of harvester's joystick. The traditional operation method, in which experiences are excessively relied on, cannot meet the requirements of automatic operation of domestic-made combine harvester. The current operation method is an obstacle to the development of the automatic control of the combine harvester. In this paper, a device of adjusting combine harvester header parameters was designed. The header parameters include height of header, height of reel, position of reel and speed of reel. The control function of header parameters adjusting device is to adjust height of header, height of reel, position and speed of reel. The header parameter adjusting device was composed of sensor modules, PLC control units, display modules, key module, header drive parts module and so on. The sensor modules were used to detect the parameter of header which include height of header, height of reel, position of reel, speed of reel and forward speed. Sensor modules detect the signal inputed into PLC control unit. PLC control unit is the core component of the adjusting device. PLC performs data operation and processing. Using touch display screen as human-computer interaction tools, which communicates with PLC. The display interface includes parameters displaying and setting, and displayed parameters include header parameter, operating speed, crop height and so on. The key module adopts self-reset and self-locking switch to realize manual and automatic function signal input. At the same time, PLC receives the key information and make judgments, and then sends the control signal to drive header hydraulic system to carry out the movement of the mechanism. Header drive parts modules include lectromagnetic directional valve and proportional solenoid valve, which adopts the hydraulic control principle. High reel speed has a large impact on crop yield and increase grain losses. It is difficult to push crops to header and proceed to the next step of threshing, clearing and collection at low reel speed, and it is difficult to match the change of operation speed with the reel speed. In this paper, an automatic control method of reel speed was presented. By analyzing the working process of reel, a mathematical model of reel speed was established, and fuzzy PID algorithm is used to realize the automatic control of reel speed. The header parameter adjusting device was installed on the test prototype, and the regulatory tests, data records and data analysis were carried out. The test results showed that header height, reel height, reel position and reel speed could be electrically controlled by the header parameter adjusting device. Relative adjustment errors of header height, reel height, reel position and reel speed were 7.4%, 3.4%, 2.0% and 7.8% respectively. The operation speed of maximum relative error was 3.4%. The response time is less than 0.8 s, and the adjustment time is less than 1.7 s. The system was proved to meet the design requirements of header parameter controller of combine harvester. The research results can be applied in intelligent operation of combine harvester.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Reels
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automation - Combines - Crops - Data handling - Design - Digital storage - Experiments - Harvesters - Human computer interaction - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Keys (for locks) - Locks (fasteners) - Machine design - Process control - Proportional control systems - Solenoid valves - Speed - Touch screens
Uncontrolled terms:Degree of automation - Display interfaces - Electric control - Fuzzy PID algorithm - Intelligent operations - Maximum relative errors - Parameter controllers - Proportional solenoid valves
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%, Percentage 7.40e+00%, Percentage 7.80e+00%, Time 1.70e+00s, Time 8.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20184706107235
Title:Stress relaxation behavior and modeling of alfalfa during rotary compression
Authors:Fang, Jiajia (1); Zhang, Yong (1); Yang, Mingshao (1); Wang, Aimin (1); Wang, Jian (1); Liu, Dehuan (1); Gao, Jin (1); Li, Haijun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Haijun(lhj70927@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:50-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grass used as a high-quality animal feed has been grown in large scale in China. It is very important to study its stress relaxation characteristics to reduce the power consumption of round bales and improve the quality of bales. In order to understand the stress relaxation characteristics of alfalfa in course of rotary compression, a rotary compression test platform was designed using a steel-roll round baler. The radial forces of steel rolls to the bale during rotary compression were analyzed. Because of the different location of the steel roller of the baling chamber, the radial force of the steel roller to the bale is also different. The radial stress of the steel roll of the upper part of the baling chamber to the bale during rotary compression was obtained through the combination of the wireless resistance strain gauge and the ANSYS simulation. On the basis of the analysis of the stress relaxation test curve and the model principle, it is determined that the stress relaxation behavior of herbage can be simulated by a generalized Maxwell model composed of 2 Maxwell elements and 1 spring element in parallel. Residual stress method is used to get stress relaxation time and equilibrium stress rheological parameters in the model, which were 76.92 s, 23.25 s and 3.65 kPa respectively. The coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) was used to evaluate the model fit to the experimental data. The parameters of stress relaxation were analyzed. The moduli of the 2 Maxwell elements were E<inf>1</inf>=1.88/Ε<inf>1</inf> and E<inf>2</inf>=6.1/Ε<inf>2</inf>. The modulus of the material was not changed during the relaxation process. The stress relaxation times were T<inf>1</inf>=η<inf>1</inf>/E<inf>1</inf>=76.92 s and T<inf>2</inf>=η<inf>2</inf>/E<inf>2</inf>=23.25 s. It reflected the relaxation speed of the material and the stress relaxation time of each Maxwell element is independent of each other. The initial stress for stress relaxation was 11.63 kPa (σ=σ<inf>1</inf> + σ<inf>2</inf> + 3.65), and the equilibrium stress was 3.65 kPa. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the further exploration of the relationship between feed volume, compression frequency, water content and rheological properties of materials and for the design of energy saving baler.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Stress relaxation
Controlled terms:Compression testing - Energy conservation - Experiments - Models - Relaxation time - Strain gages - Stresses
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Generalized Maxwell model - Pasture - Resistance strain gauges - Rheological parameter - Rheological property - Stress relaxation behavior - Stress relaxation tests
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.16e+04Pa, Pressure 3.65e+03Pa, Time 2.32e+01s, Time 7.69e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20184706107265
Title:Effects of combination of bacteriophage with other bacteriostatic agents on Salmonella control and freshness preservation of raw salmon
Authors:Jiang, Yanhua (1); Xu, Dongqin (1, 2); Yao, Lin (1); Li, Fengling (1); Zhu, Wenjia (1); Guo, Yingying (1); Zhang, Yuan (3); Wang, Lianzhu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao; 266071, China; (2) College of Food Scinence and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (3) Zhangzidao Group CO., LTD, Dalian; 116001, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Lianzhu(wanglz@ysfri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:287-293
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bacteriophage (phage) is bacterial virus that has great petential for use as biocontrol agent in foods. Our previous study has proved that phage SLMP1 can control Salmonella counts in seafood including raw salmon fillets. However, the narrow bactericidal spectrum of phage limits its application for extending the shelf life of seafood. Therefore in the present study, the strategy of combining the phage SLMP1 with other bacteriostatic agents was used for controlling the Salmonella and freshness preservation of raw salmon. To control Salmonella and spoilage of raw salmon, nisin and sodium diacetate were selected to be combined with Salmonella phage by the experiments of minimal inhibitory concentration test and stability of phage. Salmonella counts, aerobic colony counts, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and phage titer in the raw salmon fillets (artificially contaminated with 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/g Salmonella) were evaluated, and the fillets were treated with phage (10<sup>8</sup> pfu/g), nisin (0.1 mg/g), sodium diacetate (2.0 mg/g) and their combination at (4±1) ℃, respectively. The results showed bacteriostatic agents containing phage could significantly (P<0.05) reduce Salmonella counts in raw salmon fillets. However, other treatments of nisin and sodium diacetate individually and their combination without phage did not decrease the Salmonella counts (P>0.05) in raw salmon fillets. The combination of nisin and sodium diacetate and their combination with phage could significantly reduce the aerobic colony counts. The treatment of nisin and the combination of nisin and phage could inhibit the growth of aerobic colony counts, which maintained at the level of 4.5-5.0 lg cfu/g. The aerobic colony counts maintained at the level of 5.0-5.5 lg cfu/g when treated with sodium diacetate and the combination of sodium diacetate and phage. The treatment without nisin and sodium diacetate yet could not inhibit the increase of aerobic colony counts, which maintained at the level of about 6.0 lg cfu/g. These results indicated that phage could not inhibit other bacteria growth except Salmonella, and the combination of nisin and sodium diacetate was highly effective on controlling other bacteria growth. The bacteriostatic agents containing sodium diacetate could significantly inhibit the increase of the mass fraction of TVB-N, which was below the corruption limit of 30 mg/ 100 g after 14 d storage. However, the mass fraction of TVB-N of other treatments without sodium diacetate increased to be higher than 30 mg/ 100 g after 14 d. The combination treatment of phage, nisin and sodium diacetate could reduce Salmonella counts to be below the detection limit of 1 cfu/g, and the aerobic colony counts and TVB-N mass fraction were reduced by 2.5 lg cfu/g and 13.73 mg/ 100 g, respectively, compared with control group after 14 d storage. Furthermore, the phage SLMP1 was stable in salmon fillets or maintained at a relatively high level when combined with nisin or sodium diacetate. The results indicate the combination of phage, nisin and sodium diacetate has great potential to be as a promising preservative in the control of Salmonella and spoilage of raw salmon.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Salmonella
Controlled terms:Antibiotics - Bacteriophages - Quality control - Sodium compounds - Solid solutions - Spoilage
Uncontrolled terms:Bacteriostatic agent - Combination treatments - Freshness preservations - Freshness prevervation - ITS applications - Minimal inhibitory concentration - Raw salmon - Total volatile basic nitrogens
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9 Biology - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 933 Solid State Physics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e-01kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20184706107229
Title:Research progress on key technologies of underwater operation robot for aquaculture
Authors:Li, Daoliang (1, 3); Bao, Jianhua (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou; 221116, China; (3) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Underwater operations in the traditional aquaculture are mainly carried out by manual labor, and it is labor-intensive and dangerous, at the same time the aquaculture industry is facing a severe labor crisis. With the advancement of technologies and the reduction of manufacturing costs, there is a huge demand for the application of underwater robots for aquaculture operations. The underwater vehicle-manipulator system (UVMS) is a new type of underwater operational robots. In recent years, the research of UVMS has gradually attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad, and the application of UVMS to aquaculture fishing operations has a broad prospect. UVMS is a multibody dynamics system with dynamic coupling between the robot body and the manipulator. The modeling and control of the UVMS in the floating situation is very complicated, and its coupling control is not only affected by the conservation of momentum, but also affected by hydrodynamics. In addition, the aquaculture underwater operation environment is complex, the light is dim, the ocean current is time-varying, the target animals (sea cucumber, dead fish) are different in size, and the precision and speed requirements of the fishing operation are high, and the rapid identification of target animals and precision fishing operations are recognized challenges for the aquaculture community for many years. The application of UMVS to aquaculture fishing operations requires addressing several key technical issues, such as real-time target object recognition in complex environment, dynamics analysis and modeling of the UVMS as a multibody object, dynamic estimation of the underwater vehicle position relative to a target object, and constrained optimal guidance and control of UVMS under uncertainties. In order to provide a theoretical basis and comprehensive reference for the software development of aquaculture underwater robots, this paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of the role as well as the domestic and foreign research status of the aforementioned key technologies involved in UVMS fishing operations, and looks into the research prospects of the key technologies. In the research of key technologies for aquaculture underwater robots, the following suggestions should be noted: 1) Using multi-sensor information fusion technology to study the fast and accurate recognition algorithm of target animals under complex environment and disturbance conditions, and improving the target recognition speed and accuracy of aquaculture underwater operation robots are the inevitable direction of future research; 2) The development of integrated navigation systems with high reliability, high integration and comprehensive compensation and correction functions represents the development trend of aquaculture underwater robot navigation technology; 3) Under the premise of ensuring the stability of motion control of aquaculture underwater robots, improving the adaptability and fault tolerance of the control system, and continuously improving the feasibility of the intelligent system in practical applications are the focus of future research work.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:76
Main heading:Manipulators
Controlled terms:Animals - Aquaculture - Control engineering - Fault tolerance - Fish - Fisheries - Intelligent robots - Intelligent systems - Motion control - Navigation - Navigation systems - Object recognition - Robots - Software design - Uncertainty analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture operations - Conservation of momentum - Integrated navigation systems - Multi-sensor information fusion - Recognition algorithm - Underwater operations - Underwater robots - Underwater vehicle manipulator systems
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.16.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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