<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20184406025245
Title:Drainage layout in paddy fields meeting machinery harvest requirement based on DRAINMOD model
Title of translation:满足机械收割农艺条件下稻田排水暗管布局DRAINMOD模型模拟
Authors:Chen, Cheng (1); Luo, Wan (1); Tang, Shuangcheng (1); Jia, Zhonghua (1); Sun, Shaojiang (1); Zhang, Zhixiu (2); Zhu, Weibin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) Administrative Office of Zhaoguan Irrigated Area in Jiangdu District, Yangzhou; 225261, China; (3) River Management Department of Jiangdu District, Yangzhou; 225200, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Wan(luowan@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:86-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the rice and wheat rotation area in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, consecutive rainfall events occur during the rice harvesting period, leading to poor trafficability for agricultural machinery in the excessively wet soils. This may result in low or no crop yield due to delayed harvest. Subsurface drainage is known for its quick drawdown of water table to enable trafficability of machinery. In order to determine the proper layout of subsurface drainage system for improved trafficability of rice harvesters, this paper presents a simulation study using the field hydrology model-DRAINMOD based on long term weather record in the Zhaoguan Irrigation District in Yangzhou, China. With a simple model testing, DRAINMOD simulations were conducted to examine the probability of achieving different harvesting days by lowering water table to 60-80 cm below soil surface. Two drainage criteria were examined: 1) lowering water table depth to 80 cm below soil surface for at least 1 d to facilitate large rice harvesters; 2) lowering water table depth to 60 cm below soil surface for at least 2 d to facilitate small rice harvesters. According to the long term daily weather data from 1954 to 2016 in the study area, DRAINMOD was applied to simulate subsurface drainage layout meeting required work days of both small and large rice harvesters; Simulation results were presented for probability of 98%, 95% and 90% corresponding to 50-, 20- and 10-year recurrence intervals for predicted harvesting days from 1 to 5 days. The simulation results showed that: 1) DRAINMOD can predict water table depths reasonably well for the study area; the average relative error and RMSE between simulated and measured water table depths for model testing were 3.05% and 3.00 cm, respectively; 2) when the water table control depth ranged from 60 to 80 cm, the subsurface pipe depth should be 20 cm deeper than the required depth to achieve at least 1 harvesting day for probabilities between 96.83% and 85.71%; 3) for the water table control depth above, the predicted subsurface pipe spacing ranged from 10 to 25 m, and the probability for obtaining at least 1 harvesting day ranged from 95.24% to 89.29%; 4) when subsurface pipe depths ranged from 90 to 150 cm, the predicted subsurface pipe spacing was in the ranges of 7.42-18.74 m, 13.01-26.20 m and 15.27-28.72 m, respectively to meet probability of 98%, 95% and 90% for different machinery trafficability. The simulation results also showed that, shallow and narrow layouts of subsurface drainage systems are more effective in removing field water during heavy rainfall events, while the deep and wide systems can lower water table more effectively out of the rainy period. Sensitivity analysis on DRAINMOD input parameters showed that the predicted harvesting days were mostly sensitive to the lateral hydraulic conductivity, depth to impermeable layer, potential evapotranspiration, upward flux and soil volume drained in the drained fields; for subsurface pipe depth at 100 cm and subsurface pipe spacing at 25 m, ±30% variations in lateral saturated hydraulic conductivity and depth from surface to the impermeable layer resulted in variation of the predicted harvesting days in the range of -41.58%-15.35% and -59.41%-10.40%, respectively. Findings from this research may provide valuable information for subsurface drainage system design considering variability of rainfall pattern and soil properties in regions similar to our areas.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Groundwater
Controlled terms:Drainage - Groundwater flow - Harvesters - Harvesting - Hydraulic conductivity - Hydraulic machinery - Mechanization - Models - Probability - Rain - Sensitivity analysis - Soil testing - Soils - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - DRAINMOD - Middle and lower reaches of yangtze rivers - Pipe layouts - Potential evapotranspiration - Recurrence intervals - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Subsurface drainage system
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.1 Hydraulics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Age 2.74e-03yr to 1.37e-02yr, Percentage -4.16e+01% to 1.53e+01%, Percentage -5.94e+01% to 1.04e+01%, Percentage 3.05e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+01m to 2.50e+01m, Size 1.30e+01m to 2.62e+01m, Size 1.53e+01m to 2.87e+01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.50e+01m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 8.00e-01m, Size 7.42e+00m to 1.87e+01m, Size 8.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-01m to 1.50e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20184406025235
Title:Practice and research progress on spatio-temporal collocation of fallow of cultivated land in world
Title of translation:世界耕地休耕时空配置的实践及研究进展
Authors:Shi, Fei (1); Yang, Qingyuan (1); Wang, Cheng (1); Chen, Zhantu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Qingyuan(yizyang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is a long-term strategy of "storing grain in the ground and storing grain in the technology" for China to carry out rotation and fallow of cultivated land as a system at present. The paper is based on the exploration of the key issues of the spatio-temporal collocation of the cultivated land fallow in China. With the deepening of the pilot work of cultivated land fallow in China, how do we coordinate the spatio-temporal collocation of cultivated land fallow to achieve maximum comprehensive benefits? Following the logical thinking of "experiencing typical national and regional practices, extracting theoretical results, discussing key issues" from the disciplines of geography, agronomy, land science and management, the paper uses the methods of literature, comparison law, induction and field survey, summarizes the practical results of typical countries and regions, and discusses the key problems of the spatio-temporal collocation of cultivated land fallow in China. The following main results are obtained: 1) There are mainly 4 types of spatio-temporal collocation of the cultivated land fallow in typical countries and regions: the aim-oriented spatio-temporal collocation, the execution-oriented spatio-temporal collocation, and the multi-condition-constraint-oriented spatio-temporal collocation, and the technology-oriented spatio-temporal collocation. 2) The connotation essence of the spatio-temporal collocation of cultivated land fallow is to realize the macro-control of "positioning, quantification, and timing" of fallow land, which includes mainly the fallow aim, fallow spatial layout and fallow time arrangement. First, the spatio-temporal collocation is oriented towards fallow aim, and fallow aims at the entire process of spatio-temporal collocation. Second, the fallow spatial layout is to optimize and combine the fallow scale and the fallow area, which are mutually restricted and synchronized. The fallow spatial layout should be considered as national scale and regional scale, including national, provincial, municipal and county scale, and the fallow spatial layout constraints or evaluation index systems at different spatial scales are different. The minimal spatial scale of the fallow scale is county level, while the minimal spatial scale of the fallow area is parcel of land. Third, the fallow time arrangement is regulating and controlling the fallow time series and the fallow time length, which are respectively configured according to the fallow emergency degree and the expected benefits in this area. The fallow time series can be divided into short term, medium term and long term, and the fallow time length can be divided into season break, annual rest and rest of many years. In addition, the spatio-temporal collocation of cultivated land fallow is also controlled by the national conditions and the land system in China, and is shown in the fallow aim or the fallow constraints. 3) The spatio-temporal collocation process of cultivated land fallow is "fallow aim, constraint, spatial layout, time arrangement", and each link is connected with each other. The constraints mainly include grain market, food security, ecological security, cultivated land quality and social economy, and can be transformed with the fallow aim. The fallow spatial layout and fallow time arrangement are subject to constraints, and using different spatial-scale forecasting models or evaluation index systems, and making full use of "3S" (remote sensing, global position system, and geographic information system), monitoring, and surveying and mapping are the technical foundations for rational collocation. 4) The key issues that need to be solved in the spatio-temporal collocation of cultivated land fallow in China are as follows: The first issue is the spatial layout of cultivated land fallow at different spatial scales. Grain security is the primary constraint condition at the national scale, and the geographical spatial difference between grain supply and demand, the quality and ecological condition of cultivated land and the level of regional social economy is the comprehensive constraint condition at regional scale. The second issue is the fallow time arrangement of cultivated land in different regions. According to the urgency level and the expected benefits of the regional fallow, the time series and the multiple fallow lengths of the cultivated land fallow are determined respectively. In fact, the improvement of the cultivated land fallow system in any country is the result of continuous attempts among academics, policymakers and farmers. At present, the pilot work of the cultivated land fallow in China has been explored for more than 2 years, and many problems encountered in the pilot process are still to be thought out in order to improve the timeliness of the spatio-temporal collocation of the cultivated land fallow.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:64
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Food supply - Grain (agricultural product) - Land use - Patient monitoring - Remote sensing - Surveys - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Constraints - Cultivated lands - Fallow aim - Key Issues - Spatio temporal
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20184406025246
Title:Simulation and analysis of irrigation water consumption in multi-source water irrigation districts in Southern China based on modified SWAT model
Title of translation:基于改进SWAT模型的南方多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟分析
Authors:Cui, Yuanlai (1); Wu, Di (1); Wang, Shiwu (2); Wen, Jinhua (2); Wang, Helong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary, Hangzhou; 310020, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:94-100
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The statistics of irrigation water consumption in irrigation districts are of great significance to implement the most stringent water resources management system. On account of the impossibility of complete measurement, it is quite difficult to accurately calculate the irrigation water consumption in multi-source water irrigation districts in the south of China. Therefore, a precise and effective way is needed to estimate irrigation water consumption in multi-source water irrigation districts. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified according to the characteristics of hydrologic cycle and irrigation operation in the multi-source water irrigation district in the south of China for accurately estimating irrigation water consumption. The water balance modules of paddy field were modified in SWAT model, in addition, a canal seepage loss calculation was added to SWAT model. Specifically, a multi-source water auto-irrigation module was added as one of the components of SWAT model to estimate the irrigation water consumptions from different types of water sources. Furthermore, the modified SWAT model with a digital elevation model (DEM), a soil map, a land cover map and multi-year meteorological data, was applied to build a distributed hydrological model of Tongjiqiao Reservoir Irrigation District (TID) in Zhejiang Province. Moreover, the observed monthly runoff was used to calibrate (1995-2007) and validate (2008-2015) the simulated runoff via SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWATCUP), and the observed irrigation water consumptions of 4 main irrigation canals in 2017 were used to calibrate the simulated irrigation water consumptions. The results showed that the simulated monthly runoff matched well with the observed values in calibration and validation periods, the absolute relative errors (RE) were less than 12%, the coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) were greater than or equal to 0.88, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (NS) were greater than or equal to 0.85 in both periods; in addition, the maximum of the absolute relative errors between simulated irrigation water consumptions and the observed values of 4 main irrigation canals was less than 20%, indicated that the modified SWAT model has a good performance in the multi-source water irrigation districts. Additionally, the irrigation water consumptions in different hydrological years in TID, multi-year averages of simulated irrigation water consumptions and water supply proportions of different types of water source were simulated and calculated based on the modified SWAT model, in addition, the effect of water saving reform on irrigation water consumption was also analyzed. And the results indicated that the irrigation water consumption is small in wet year and large in dry year. Moreover, in addition to the key water sources (namely the Tongjiqiao Reservoir and the Puyang River), 41.40% of the irrigation water consumption came from the rivers inside sub-basins, ponds and small-sized reservoirs, indicating that the amounts of water monitored at the head of canals fetching water from the key water sources did not represent the irrigation water consumption in irrigation districts. Beyond that, with the development of water saving reform in irrigation district, the irrigation water use efficiency increased so that the irrigation water consumption decreased. Consequently, the modified SWAT model can be used to simulate and analyze the irrigation water consumption in multi-source water irrigation districts accurately and reasonably, and the simulation of irrigation water consumption in multi-source water irrigation districts based on the modified SWAT model is an effective and rational method for calculation and analysis of irrigation water consumption in irrigation districts in the south of China, which satisfied the requirements of the total amount of water statistics and the most stringent water resources management system.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Calibration - Efficiency - Hydrology - Irrigation canals - Meteorology - Models - Petroleum reservoirs - Reservoirs (water) - Runoff - Surveying - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration and validations - Distributed hydrological model - Irrigation districts - Irrigation water use efficiency - Modified SWAT - Soil and water assessment tool - Water resources management - Water source
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 441.2 Reservoirs - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 512.1.1 Oil Fields - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.14e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20184406025248
Title:Improving effect of planosol by deep tillage combined with subsoil mixed with ameliorative materials
Title of translation:深翻结合心土与不同改土物料混合改良白浆土的效果
Authors:Zhu, Baoguo (1, 2); Zhang, Chunfeng (1, 2); Jia, Huibin (1, 2); Meng, Qingying (1, 2); Wang, Nannan (1, 2); Zhang, Libo (1, 2); Kuang, Enjun (3); Wang, Qingsheng (1); Liu, Jungang (1); Gao, Xuedong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi; 154007, China; (2) The Planosol Improvement Engineering Center of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi; 154007, China; (3) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chunfeng(chunfeng-1@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:107-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Planosol is one of the main agricultural soils in the northeast of China, in which Heilongjiang and Jilin Province are relatively concentrated distribution areas. In the Heilongjiang Province, its total area is about 3.31 million hm<sup>2</sup>; the Sanjiang Plain located in its eastern region is planosol concentrated area, and its cultivated land area is about 0.88 million hm<sup>2</sup>. Planosol is a kind of regional low yield upland soil, and 3 factors namely very thin black topsoil, naturally derived hard subsoil pan and over acidification after reclamation are considered as major obstacles triggering low yield. It was found that when its silt subsoil layer and clay subsoil layer were mixed while keeping the topsoil undisturbed, good soil improvement could be obtained. Since its subsoil is short of nutrient, its poor chemical property still remains unchanged by only using subsoil mixing method. In this paper, by making plot experiment, different ameliorative materials were input into the subsoil mixed to clarify the further effect on planosol improvement. The plot experiment included 6 treatments: common subsoil loosening (CK); subsoil mixed (SML) (operated by straw subsoil mixed plough); straw + subsoil mixed (S + SML); straw + subsoil mixed + phosphorus (P) fertilizer (S + SML + P); straw + subsoil mixed + lime (S + SML + L); straw + subsoil mixed + lime + P fertilizer (S + SML + L + P). The result showed that compared with the CK treatment, the rest treatments combined with ameliorative material achieved good results not only in the aspect of subsoil physical properties, but also in the aspect of subsoil chemical properties. Soil moisture in the depth from 20 to 40 cm beneath the soil surface was increased by 2.11-6.11 percentage point. Soil hardness at the same part was reduced by 40%-50%, and its peak of soil hardness disappeared. The soil three-phase ratio was improved with solid phase reduced by 8.5-9.97 percentage point, liquid phase increased by 2.82-5.41 percentage point and air phase increased by 3.89-6.65 percentage point. Its soil bulk density was decreased by 10.13%-17.09%. In the aspect of soil chemical properties, available nitrogen (N) was increased by 82.75%-121.63%; available P was increased by 190.91%-681.82%, and especially for the treatment of adding P, available P was 6.5-6.8 times as much as the CK; available potassium (K) was increased by 20.7%-40.74%. Organic matter was increased by 157.14%-185.71%. In the aspect of alleviating soil acidity, the pH value of the treatment for adding lime was increased by 0.45-0.47. Meanwhile, soil total N, P, and K were increased. Total N was increased by 45.76%-52.54%, total P was increased by 108.14%-144.19%, and total K was increased by 8.10%-26.34%. In the year of 2016, soybean yield was increased by 13.42%-24.46%, and in the year of 2017 maize yield was increased by 13.43%-19.17%. It achieved stable effect on increasing yield by once operation. From above mentioned, the mixed subsoil combined with application of straw, lime and P fertilizer can achieve better results on planosol improvement. This study can thus provide technical support for planosol improvement, and be useful for the improvement of other soils which have similar property of low yield.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Lime
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Chemical properties - Fertilizers - Hardness - Physical properties - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural soils - Available nitrogen - Available potassiums - Percentage points - Planosol - Soil bulk density - Soil chemical property - Subsoil mixed
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01e+01% to 1.71e+01%, Percentage 1.08e+02% to 1.44e+02%, Percentage 1.34e+01% to 1.92e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+01% to 2.45e+01%, Percentage 1.57e+02% to 1.86e+02%, Percentage 1.91e+02% to 6.82e+02%, Percentage 2.07e+01% to 4.07e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 4.58e+01% to 5.25e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+00% to 2.63e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20184406025271
Title:Effect of dextran molecular weight on structure and emulsifying property of zein conjugates
Title of translation:葡聚糖分子量对玉米醇溶蛋白接枝物结构和乳化性的影响
Authors:Zhao, Chengbin (1); Zhang, Hao (1); Yan, Jiannan (2); Xu, Xiuying (1); Liu, Meihong (1); Cao, Yong (1); Wu, Yuzhu (1); Liu, Jingsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jingsheng(liujingshengname@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:288-295
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of conjugation by dextran on the structure and emulsifying property of zein and the relationship between protein structure and functional properties, zein-dextran conjugates were prepared by conjugating zein and dextran with different molecular weights (6, 20, 40 and 70 kDa) under wet-heated Maillard reaction at 85 ℃ for 2 h. The free amino content, degree of graft, colour and amino acid content for zein-dextran conjugates were measured by UV-vis (ultra-violet-visible) spectrophotometer, colorimeter and automatic amino acid analyzer. For the zein-dextran conjugates, the free amino content was reduced, and a* and b* increased, while L* decreased in comparison with native zein, indicating the covalent graft reaction between protein and polysaccharide. As the decrease of the molecular weight of dextran, the conjugate prepared by zein and dextran with low molecular weight (6 kDa) had lower free amino content, higher degree of graft and darker colour, which suggested that the dextran with low molecular weight (6 kDa) was more reactive. The amino acid analysis indicated that lysine and arginine were the main amino acids involved in conjugation reaction between zein and dextran. The structures of conjugates were researched using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR demonstrated that zein and dextran with different molecular weights could form the covalent conjugates. The covalent conjugation of dextran could result in the fluorescence quenching of zein and reduce the thermal stability of zein. The bathochromic shift of fluorescence emission maximum wavelength for the conjugate prepared by zein and dextran with low molecular weight (6 kDa) occurred, leading to looser tertiary structure. Moreover, zein conjugating with the dextran with 6 kDa molecular weight had lower thermal stability, revealing that zein-dextran conjugate with higher degree of graft had a looser tertiary structure, and the higher the degree of graft, the lower the thermal denaturation peak temperature and enthalpy, the lower the thermal stability of zein-dextran conjugates, which might be an important reason for improving the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI) of zein-dextran conjugates. The emulsifying properties of conjugates were researched using microplate reader, laser particle sizer and dynamic rheometer. The EAI and ESI of native zein were (11.57±0.54) m<sup>2</sup>/g and (12.23±0.68) min, respectively. The EAI and ESI of zein-dextran conjugates were higher than that of native zein, indicating the significant improvement of emulsifying properties of zein by the covalent conjugation of dextran. The conjugate prepared by zein and dextran with low molecular weight (6 kDa) had higher EAI of (23.28±0.71) m<sup>2</sup>/g, which could be related to higher degree of graft, suggesting that the EAI of zein-dextran conjugates improved with the increase of degree of graft. However, the conjugate prepared by zein and dextran with high molecular weight (70 kDa) had higher ESI of (26.44±0.47) min. It was possible that the dextran with high molecular weight (70 kDa) had a large steric hindrance, inhibiting the aggregation of droplets in emulsion and forming more droplets with smaller size. Meanwhile, the emulsion was more viscous, which also resulted in the improvement of emulsion stability. These could be confirmed by particle size and rheological analysis of emulsion. It could be seen that the emulsion stability had little relation to degree of graft. However, the steric hindrance effect of dextran with high molecular weight (70 kDa) was the main factor to improve the stability of zein-dextran conjugate emulsions. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis for improving the functional properties of corn protein and understanding its modification mechanism.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Dextran
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Colloid chemistry - Color - Differential scanning calorimetry - Drops - Emulsification - Fluorescence quenching - Fluorescence spectroscopy - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Grafting (chemical) - Molecular weight - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Proteins - Stability - Structural properties - Structure (composition) - Thermodynamic stability - Viscosity - Zein
Uncontrolled terms:Conjugates - Emulsifying activity indices - Emulsifying stabilities - Functional properties - High molecular weight - Modification mechanism - Steric hindrance effects - Thermal denaturations
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20184406025258
Title:Detection of moisture content of tomato leaves based on dielectric properties and IRIV-GWO-SVR algorithm
Title of translation:基于介电特性与IRIV-GWO-SVR算法的番茄叶片含水率检测
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Mo, Yunnan (1); Dai, Chunxia (1); Chen, Yong (1); Yang, Ning (1); Tang, You (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Tomato is one of the important crops in the world. Tomato contains a lot of vitamins and a variety of nutritional elements, which is popular among people. Water is indispensable to plants and the shortage of such critical resource leads to a decline in yield and quality of crops. Leaf moisture content is an important factor which can show water scarcity in crop. In order to realize more reasonable irrigation management during the growth of tomato, a new method for accurately, rapidly and effectively detecting tomato leave moisture based on dielectric properties was proposed in this study. Firstly, the dielectric properties (relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor) of 300 pieces of tomato leaves with different moisture contents were measured with an LCR measuring instrument at 37 discrete frequencies over the frequency range of 0.05-200 kHz, and the moisture contents of the tomato leaves were measured by dry weight method. Secondly, the iteration retaining informative variables (IRIV) algorithm was used to extract the characteristic variables of dielectric properties of tomato leaf samples, and simultaneously the effect of IRIV was compared with that of the successive projections algorithm (SPA) in order to determine the optimal method for characteristic variable selection. Finally, the support vector regression (SVR) machine was adopted to establish the relationship models between full variables, 2 kinds of characteristic variables and moisture content of tomato leaf samples, respectively. And the performances of all the models were evaluated by the determination coefficient for calibration set (R<inf>C</inf><sup>2</sup>), root mean square error for calibration set (RMSEC), determination coefficient for prediction set (R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup>) and root mean square error for prediction set (RMSEP). The research results showed that the measurement frequency and moisture content had a significant effect on the dielectric properties of tomato leaves. Between 0.05 and 200 kHz, the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor decreased with the increase of the test frequency. When the frequency was less than 20 kHz, the decline was obvious. When the frequency was more than 20 kHz, the decline was not obvious. Between 0.05 and 200 kHz, the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor increased with the increase of the moisture content of tomato leaves. And the results showed that IRIV-SVR model performed better than the other models with full-SVR and SPA-SVR, achieving the highest accuracy with R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> =0.8721 and RMSEP=0.0390. Whereas, for the prediction accuracy of IRIV-SVR model, the desired effect was not achieved. For improving the prediction accuracy of SVR model, the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm was further introduced to intelligently optimize the parameters in the SVR model to find the optimum values. Consequently, the optimized model, IRIV-GWO-SVR, achieved the R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> of 0.9638 and RMSEP of 0.0207, which proved that the method of selecting characteristic variables by IRIV algorithm combined with optimizing the parameters in SVR model by GWO algorithm can extremely raise the performance of prediction model for the moisture content of leaves. Hence, the method of dielectric properties technology combined with the IRIV-GWO-SVR model is feasible for detecting the moisture content of tomato leaves, also hopefully providing a new method and thought for water detection of other crops.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Dielectric properties
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Calibration - Crops - Dielectric devices - Dielectric losses - Electric insulation testing - Forecasting - Fruits - Iterative methods - Mean square error - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Parameter estimation - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Different moisture contents - Grey Wolf Optimizer - Iteratively retains informative variables - Relative dielectric constant - Successive projections algorithms (SPA) - Support vector regression (SVR) - Tomato leaves
Classification code:708.1 Dielectric Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+04Hz, Frequency 2.00e+05Hz, Frequency 5.00e+01Hz to 2.00e+05Hz, Frequency 5.00e+01Hz
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20184406025264
Title:Effect of LED light with different ratios of red to blue light on photosynthesis and energy use efficiency for lettuce
Title of translation:LED光源红蓝光配比对生菜光合作用及能量利用效率的影响
Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Tong, Yuxin (1, 2); Yang, Qichang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Waste Disposal of Protected Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Tong, Yuxin(tongyuxin@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:234-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Compared with traditional plant production systems, the advantage of plant factory with LED (light emitting diode) lighting for plant production is annually planned plant production with high quality/quantity and less energy consumption. However, commercial promotion of plant factory with artificial lighting is still limited since LED is used as the sole light source for plant growth and the operation cost is quite high. To reduce the operation cost of the plant factory with artificial lighting, improving electric-energy use efficiency (EUE) and/or light use efficiency (LUE) by optimizing the ratio of red to blue light (R/B) was considered as a feasible way since the red and blue light are mainly absorbed by photosynthetic pigments and more effective for plant production than other wavelengths. In this study, the effects of different R/B on EUE and LUE were revealed by investigating the effects of different R/B on photosynthesis from the aspects of Rubisco carboxylation rate, partitioning of electron flow and leaf nitrogen in photosynthetic apparatus. In this experiment, lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) were exposed to 200 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s) irradiance for a 16 h/d photoperiod under the following 7 treatments: monochromatic red light (R, peak wavelength: 657 nm), monochromatic blue light (B, peak wavelength: 450 nm) and mixture of R and B with different R/B of 12, 8, 4, and 1, fluorescent lamps (FL, R/B/G=1.2:1.0:1.3, G was green light). Lettuce plants under FL treatment were set as the control. The results showed that: 1) Decreasing R/B until 8 significantly decreased the partitioning of electron flow to photorespiration and increased the partitioning of leaf nitrogen in carboxylation and bioenergetics system, resulting in increasing photosynthesis among the treatments with R/B of higher than 8. 2) No significant differences were found in Rubisco carboxylation rate, the partitioning of electron flow and leaf nitrogen in photosynthetic apparatus among the treatments with R/B of lower than 8, except FL treatment. 3) EUE and LUE both increased with R/B increasing until up to 12 with the maximum values of 0.494% and 1.773%, respectively; there were no significant differences for EUE among the treatments with R/B of higher than 8; however, LUE under the treatment with R/B of 12 was 12.5% higher than that under the treatment with R/B of 8. Although photosynthesis decreased with the increasing of R/B until 8, leaf area index (LAI) increased with the increasing of R/B until 8. Increase in LAI offset the negative effect of increasing R/B on the leaf photosynthesis, resulting in capturing much more photosynthetic active radiation. 4) Leaf photosynthetic performance under FL treatment was the nearest to that under the treatment with the R/B of 12, which could be explained from the aspects of no significant differences between 2 treatments in Rubisco carboxylation rate, the partitioning of electron flow and leaf nitrogen in photosynthetic apparatus; however, although lettuce plants under FL treatment had high LAI, EUE was the lowest among all the treatments because of the lowest electro-optical conversion efficiency of fluorescent lamp. Based on the above results, R/B of 8 is the turning point for photosynthesis and EUE; it is concluded that R/B of lower than 8 is suitable for energy-saving and high-efficient production when lettuce plants are exposed to the combination of red light and blue light with light intensity of 200 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s) in plant factory with LED lighting.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Artificial photosynthesis
Controlled terms:Biochemistry - Carboxylation - Crops - Electrons - Energy conservation - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Fluorescence - Fluorescent lamps - Light emitting diodes - Light sources - Nitrogen - Operating costs - Photosynthesis - Plant life extension - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Electron flow - Energy-use efficiency - Leaf nitrogen - Light use efficiency - Photosynthetic active radiations - Photosynthetic apparatus - Photosynthetic pigments - Red and blue light
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 707.2 Electric Lamps - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.1 Cost Accounting
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.77e+00%, Percentage 4.94e-01%, Size 4.50e-07m, Size 6.57e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20184406025238
Title:Design and experiment on cylinder sieve with different rotational speed in cleaning system for rape combine harvesters
Title of translation:油菜联合收获机分离清选差速圆筒筛设计与试验
Authors:Wan, Xingyu (1); Shu, Caixia (1, 2, 3); Xu, Yang (1); Yuan, Jiacheng (1); Li, Haitong (1); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:27-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Combine harvesters and windrowers were conventional machines for rape harvesting. Rape combine harvesters could simultaneously complete cutting, threshing, separation and cleaning at high production efficiencies. Cleaning systems played an important role in rape combine harvesters. The conventional rape combine harvesters were modified based on grain combine harvesters. The majority of cleaning system of combine harvesters was vibrating screen working with fan. Some changes like increasing the depth of header, adjusting reel position and transmission ratio, increasing active divider and so on were made to adapt to the rape plant in the field and there were still some problems like blocking of screen and the structure remained to be optimized. In conclusion, there were some problems like excessive vibration and relatively complicated structures due to vibration sieves in traditional combine harvesters. Cyclone separation was based on the principle of airflow cleaning. It was widely applied to grain processing, industrial dust removal and other fields. It could be used in rape combine harvesters taking the advantages of simple structures. However, short stems and pods made it hard for cyclone separation cleaning system to make the seeds clean. Adding a cylinder sieve was a solution to reduce the burden of cyclone separation cleaning system. The main limitation of the development of cylinder sieve was its relatively low efficiency. To reduce the burden of cyclone separation cleaning system and improve the efficiency of preliminary screening, a kind of cylinder sieve with promoting device in different rotational speed for rape combine harvesters based on EDEM was designed and relative experiments were carried out. As the primary process to separate the stems for the cleaning system, the cylinder sieve with promoting device in different rotational speed was mainly consist of the cylinder sieve, promoting device, the cover shell and the transmission device. The sieve was bent and shaped based on annular plane screen. The promoting device was mounted inside the cylinder sieve. Both of them were rotating around the same center axis. The hydraulic motor to provide power to the promoting device and to the cylinder sieve though the transition gear on transmission shaft. The rotation direction of cylinder sieve was changed by the gear transmission to realize the different rotational speed and direction of cylinder sieve and promoting device. Analysis and calculation of the rotational speed range of promoting device and cylinder sieve were carried out. Orthogonal experiments based on EDEM was obtained. The loss ratio and cleaning ratio of cylinder sieve was taken as the indexes while the rotational speed of sieve and the rotational speed and tooth number of promoting device were the factors. The optimal parameter combination was obtained. Test-bed and field experiments were carried out to verify the results of simulation. The simulation results show that the optimum combination of the parameters was 35 r/min and 80 r/min of rotational speed of sieve and promoting device respectively and 6 of the saw teeth in the projection plane of the promoting device. In addition, the loss ratio and cleaning ratio of cyclone separation cleaning system working with the cylinder sieve were 4.83% and 85.7% respectively while the rotational speed of the fan could be reduced by 36.9% under the condition of best combination of parameters. Field experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University in May 2017. The materials of experiments were rape planted by direct rapeseed planter. The average planting density was 40 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, and the water content of rapeseed, stems and pod shells were 23.47%, 20.9% and 33.98%, respectively. The working speed of 4LYZ-1.8 type rape combine harvester was 2.9-3.6 km/h and the working efficiency was 0.52-0.65 hm<sup>2</sup>/h. The average loss rate of rapeseed was 5.9% and the average cleaning rate of rapeseed was 84.4%. The average power consumption of the cleaning system was 3.48 kW. This research provided a reference for the improvement and optimization of cleaning system for rape combined harvesters.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cleaning - Cyclone separators - Cylinders (shapes) - Design - Efficiency - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic motors - Machine design - Oilseeds - Separation - Sieves - Speed - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and calculations - Complicated structures - Conventional machines - EDEM - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal experiment - Production efficiency - Rape
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.09e+01%, Percentage 2.35e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 3.69e+01%, Percentage 4.83e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+00%, Percentage 8.44e+01%, Percentage 8.57e+01%, Power 3.48e+03W, Rotational_Speed 3.50e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.00e+01RPM, Velocity 8.06e-01m/s to 1.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20184406025266
Title:Analysis of coupling coordination degree between livelihood strategies and land use behavior of farmers in rapid urbanization area
Title of translation:快速城镇化地区农户生计策略与土地利用行为耦合协调度分析
Authors:Ma, Cong (1); Liu, Liming (1); Ren, Guoping (1, 2); Yuan, Chengcheng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Urban Management, Hunan City University, Yiyang; 413000, China; (3) China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Liming(liulm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:249-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Farmers' livelihood strategies and their land use behaviorconstitute a complex human-earth system and the interaction and sustainable development between them are becoming matters of concern. The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze their interrelationshipand the feedback mechanism of farmers' land use behavior to their livelihood strategiesin Qingpu District which is located in the western suburbs of Shanghai City. The data used were from 363 valid questionnaires concerning farmers' livelihood strategies and land use behavior. Coupling coordination model was used to reveal the coupling relationship and coupling coordination relationship between farmers' livelihood strategies and land use behavior, and Skinner reinforcement theory was introduced to explainthe feedback mechanism of the comprehensive land use change of farmers to their livelihood strategies. The results indicated that: 1) Therewere differences in coupling relationship and coupling coordination relationship between livelihood strategies and land use behavior among different types of farmers. In terms of coupling relationship, the coupling degree of the 4 types of farmers was within the range of 0.4-0.5 which was in the antagonistic stage. Among them, the coupling degree of specialized agriculture households was the highest, which indicated the relationship between the livelihood strategy and land use behavior was the strongest, while that of non-agriculture-dependent households was the lowest. In terms of coupling coordination relationship, specialized agriculture households were in the highly coupled coordination stage, indicating that their livelihood strategies and land use behavior developed harmoniously and sustainably. The other 3 types of households were in the moderate coupling coordination stage. Combining coupling degree and coupling coordination degree, specialized agriculture households were in the medium-high stage, while the other 3 types of farmers were in the medium-mediumstage.2) The coordinated development level of livelihood strategies and land use behavior and land use effect had a significant impact on farmers' livelihood strategies. According to Skinner reinforcement theory, for specialized agriculture and agriculture-dependent households, land use effect and coupling coordination degree were higher and played a positive role on farmers as a positive reinforcement, which promoted them to expand the scale of cultivated land or increase investment and tend to scale management, while for non-agriculture-dependent and conventional agriculture households, land use effect and coupling coordination degree were relatively low and played a negative role on farmers as a negative reinforcement, which restrained them from expanding the scale of cultivated land or increasing investment and kept or reduced the incidence of their original behavior. We concluded that the cause of this phenomenon was closely related to farmers' own conditions and livelihood goals of their families through investigation and analysis.3)The system of farmers' livelihood strategies and land use behavior was a complex and giant system in which the two interacted with each other and influenced mutually, and its internal coordination was the key to the sustainable development of human and land. In Qingpu District, the livelihood strategy of specialized agriculture had contributed to improving the livelihood level of farmers, promoting the rational utilization of cultivated land resources and enhancing the coordinated development relationship between the two, which had great attraction to farmers engaged in agricultural production. The results of this study are helpful to coordinate the relationship between farmers' livelihood strategies and land use behavior in Qingpu District, and provide an important theoretical basis for their sustainable development.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Behavioral research - Coordination reactions - Economics - Feedback control - Models - Planning - Reinforcement - Rural areas - Surveys - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive land use - Conventional agricultures - Coordination degree - Coupling relationships - Earth systems - Farmers' livelihood - Livelihood strategies
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 731.1 Control Systems - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20184406025250
Title:Hyperspectral estimation of desert soil organic matter content based on gray correlation-ridge regression model
Title of translation:基于灰度关联-岭回归的荒漠土壤有机质含量高光谱估算
Authors:Wang, Haifeng (1, 2); Zhang, Zhitao (1, 2); Karnieli, Arnon (3); Chen, Junying (1, 2); Han, Wenting (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Jocob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker; 84990, Israel
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhitao(zhitaozhang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:124-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Organic matter content in soil is one of the most significant indicators evaluating the soil fertility, and its dynamic monitoring is good for further development of accurate agriculture. In recent years, obtaining Vis-NIR (visible - near infrared) continuous spectrum data of soil through hyperspectral technique and realizing accurate inversion prediction according to organic matter spectrum reflection characteristics have become a hot topic in current remote sensing field. However, in the hyperspectral inversion process of desert soil organic matter, there exists the problem of "low organic matter content, weak spectrum response and low model precision". The research collected different soil samples in Seder Boker region, south of Israel, divided the experimental soil samples into sandy soil and clay loam after particle size analysis in the lab, and applied potassium dichromate external heating method to measure the organic matter content in the soil. The raw hyperspectral reflectance of soil samples was measured by the ASD FieldSpec 3 instrument. After data preprocessing and different mathematical manipulation, 6 spectral indicators were obtained, i.e. reflectivity (REF), inverse-log reflectance (LR), continuum removal reflectance (CR), standard normal variable reflectance (SNV), first-order differential reflectance (FDR) and second-order differential reflectance (SDR). Then, gray correlation degree (GCD) between different spectral indicators and organic matter content was calculated, and SNV, FDR and SDR through gray correlation (GC) test (GCD>0.90) were chosen as the sensitive spectral indicators. Moreover, hyperspectral inversion model of soil organic matter was built based on sensitive spectral indicator using partial least squares regression (PLSR) method and ridge regression (RR) method, and the precision of inversion result was verified and compared. And then, the performances of these models were evaluated by the determination coefficient for calibration set (R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup>), determination coefficient for prediction set (R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup>), root mean squared error (RMSE) and relative percent deviation (RPD). The results indicated that: Soil particle size has a certain impact on the spectral response of organic matter, and the inversion effect of hyperspectral model on the organic matter content in sandy soil is superior to clay loam; after comparing and analyzing the models built according to different spectral indicators, R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup>, R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup> and RPD of SNV-PLSR soil model and SNV-RR soil model built according to SNV are the highest and RMSE is the lowest, so SNV is the optimal spectral inversion indicator of soil organic matter; SNV-RR model has the most ideal inversion effect on organic matter content of these 2 kinds of soil: For sandy soil, R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> is 0.887, R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup> is 0.866, RMSE is 0.610 g/kg and RPD is 2.72; for clay loam, R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> is 0.889, R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup> is 0.863, RMSE is 0.898g/kg and RPD is 2.37. After analysis, it is known that SNV-RR model has extremely strong forecast ability for organic matter of sandy soil, and very good quantitative forecast ability for organic matter of clay loam. In addition, compared with PLSR model, R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> and R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup> of RR model decline slightly. However, on the premise of ensuring precision, the number of band section used in modeling only accounts for about 4% of total spectrum. Not only does it simplify the model greatly, but also realizes "dimensionality reduction" and "optimization" of hyperspectral data. Through band selection function effect of RR method, the significant band section of soil organic matter is analyzed: The sensitive band of organic matter of sandy soil is mainly concentrated at 820-860 and 940-970 nm, but the sensitive band of organic matter of clay loam is concentrated at 730-790 and 800-820 nm. The united application of gray correlation analysis and RR method in the modeling analysis of soil organic matter provides a new approach to optimize the hyperspectral model and quickly measure the organic matter content in soil. GC-SNV-RR organic matter inversion model of 2 kinds of soil is simple and has good prediction. It provides support for remote sensing analysis on desert soil organic matter, which realizes the speedability and accuracy in monitoring the desert soil organic matter.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Chromates - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Inverse problems - Landforms - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Organic compounds - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Potassium compounds - Reflection - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Sand - Soils - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Desert soils - Determination coefficients - Gray correlation - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral reflectance - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Reflection characteristics - Ridge regression
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+00%, Size 8.00e-07m to 8.20e-07m, Size 9.40e-07m to 9.70e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20184406025244
Title:Contrast experiment on anti-clogging performance of bidirectional flow channel emitters with different structures in drip irrigation
Title of translation:不同结构滴灌双向流道灌水器抗堵性能对比试验
Authors:Wang, Xinduan (1); Bai, Dan (1); Song, Lixun (2); Guo, Lin (1); Li, Jialu (1); Wu, Shanshan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Bai, Dan(baidan@xaut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:78-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The clogging of drip emitters is of great concern to many researchers. A bidirectional flow channel is different from a labyrinth flow channel and it is mainly composed of a structure for dividing water and a structure for blocking water. The main working principle comprises mixing the forward flow and the reverse flow created by the above mentioned structures, and the hydraulic performance is thus enhanced. Although a bidirectional flow channel provides better hydraulic performance, its anti-clogging performance, in particular in cases when muddy water with a high sediment concentration is used, needs to be researched in depth. Hence, periodic intermittent drip irrigation experiments were carried out using muddy water containing sediment particles with different sizes (all less than 0.125 mm), which were screened by a sieving method, and sediment particles were added to give a concentration of 30 g/L muddy water. To provide a contrast, a type of drip irrigation tube with an embedded labyrinth channel was chosen to compare the anti-clogging performance of the channels. Each test comprised 20 irrigation procedures, each for a period of 30 min, which was the same as the test interval. In the 25th minute the emitter flow was recorded in real time, and the measurement was continued for 5 min. After the end of each group of treatments, the test specimens were replaced with new specimens and the system was flushed to ensure that no sediment remained. In these experiments, changes in flow rate were measured under a pressure of 50 kPa. After the end of the trial, the clogged emitters were cut and dried to their natural state, and then the sediment deposited in the bidirectional flow channel was collected; the locations in which sediment was deposited were observed. The structure of the sediment deposits was also observed using an electron microscopy, and the sediment particle size was calculated using Image Pro Plus 6.0 software to analyze the mechanisms that caused clogging by sediment particles with sizes in different ranges. The results showed that the relative flow rates in the bidirectional flow channel were all greater than 75% of the rinsing flow rate; however, the labyrinth channel was completely clogged after 12 irrigation procedures. The significance analysis showed that there were remarkable differences on hydraulic and anti-clogging performance of the 4 types of emitters. The hydraulic performance and anti-clogging performance of the bidirectional flow channel were all better than that of the contrasting labyrinth channel. However, for the emitters with different bidirectional flow channel structures, the better the hydraulic performance of the bidirectional flow channel was, the worse its anti-clogging performance was. The pattern and structural parameters of flow channel significantly influenced the overall performance of emitters in drip irrigation. The concentration of sediment deposits decreased gradually from anterior segments to posterior segments of the bidirectional flow channel. Along the direction of the flow channel, the proportion of sediment particles of which the sizes were greater than 0.03 mm decreased from 7.77% to 2.11%, and the proportion of particles with sizes of less than 0.005 mm decreased from 65.98% to 56.31% and then increased to 69.76%. The variations in particle size along the flow channel directly affected the structure of the sediment deposits. In the anterior and middle segments of the flow channel sediment particles mainly condensed into aggregates, but these underwent flocculation in the posterior segments. The results also confirmed that sediment was easily deposited in the bidirectional flow channel when the sediment particle size was less than 0.03 mm.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Channel flow
Controlled terms:Deposits - Flow rate - Hydraulics - Irrigation - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Sediments
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-clogging - Bi-directional flows - Drip irrigation - Hydraulic performance - Sediment concentration - Sediment particle size - Significance analysis - Structural parameter
Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.00e+01kg/m3, Percentage 6.60e+01% to 5.63e+01%, Percentage 6.98e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.77e+00% to 2.11e+00%, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa, Size 1.25e-04m, Size 3.00e-05m, Size 5.00e-06m, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 3.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20184406025269
Title:Effect of moderate electric field pretreatment on damage degree and microstructure of apple tissue
Title of translation:中压电场预处理对苹果组织损伤程度及微观结构的影响
Authors:Xiong, Xiufang (1); Li, Jing (1); Yang, Xingsheng (1); Li, Xingshu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Equipment, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xingshu(xingshu-li@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:272-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Apple deep processing in China is developing rapidly with the increasing demand of apple slices, fresh apple juice and apple canned products in recent years. All necessary processing technologies such as dehydration, diffusion, pressing and drying essentially require acceleration of two-way mass transfer into or out of the apple tissue. Apple tissue consists of thousands of cells and cell structure is the key factor that influences the mass transfer from inside to outside and vice versa. Therefore, the pretreatment method for damaging the apple tissue cell is needed before further deep processing. In recent years, moderate electric field (MEF) is receiving more and more significant attention due to its characteristics with the advantages of thermal and electrical treatment. To explore the effect of MEF pretreatment parameters such as electric field intensity, frequency and temperature on the damage degree and damage process of apple tissue, the paper analyzed the structural change of apple tissue under different MEF conditions, and evaluated the influence of pretreatment temperature on the damage process at macro and micro scale by detection of disintegration index of apple tissue structure and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation respectively. The results indicated that apple tissue structure disintegration index from MEF was greater than that resulted from thermal treatment of waterbath. For waterbath pretreatment, the disintegration index of apple tissue structure firstly increased slowly with increasing temperature and then raised sharply when the temperature was above 60 ℃. The same tendency was observed for low electrical field intensity pretreatment (<30 V/cm), but the disintegration index increased more rapidly. The disintegration index changed slowly under hot water bath and low electrical field intensity treatment (< 30 V/cm), but when the temperature was above 60 ℃, the disintegration index increased sharply. The disintegration index increased linearly with increasing temperature when electrical field intensity was higher than 45 V/cm, and a greater disintegration index could be obtained under lower temperature and higher electric field intensity (90 V/cm). The reason was that the thermal and electrical synergistic effect of MEF pretreatment applied to the apple tissue simultaneously brought up the electroporation of cell membrane and the degradation of cell wall. In addition, the disintegration index of apple tissue structure increased with the increase of electric field intensity and decreased with the increase of frequency when the temperature was lower than 70 ℃. All the curves of disintegration index with holding time could be approximated using the first-order reaction kinetics model which could describe the characteristics of the damage process. The rate constant of the first-order model increased with the increasing treatment temperature and the characteristic damage time showed contrary tendency. The rate constants at different temperatures could be formulated by the Arrhenius equation, the same as the characteristic damage time. The activation energy calculated from the rate constant was 122.88 kJ/mol, and that from the characteristic damage time was 157.01 kJ/mol. The activation energy obtained from the hot water bath pretreatment was 143.82 kJ/mol. The micro-structure observation of apple tissue indicated that MEF pretreatment can effectively destroy the apple tissue at lower temperature. Apple tissue is destructed more easily by moderate electric field treatment because of the synergistic effect from electrical field and temperature field. The findings are useful to analyze the electro-thermal synergistic regime from MEF pretreatment and improve the deep processing technology of apple products.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Tissue engineering
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Cells - Cytology - Damage detection - Disintegration - Electric fields - Enzyme kinetics - Fruit juices - Fruits - Mass transfer - Microstructure - Rate constants - Scanning electron microscopy - Temperature - Tissue - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Apple tissue - Characteristic damage time - Damage process - Electric field intensities - Electric field treatment - Electrical field intensities - Pretreatment temperature - Processing technologies
Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Field_Strength 3.00e+03V/m, Electric_Field_Strength 4.50e+03V/m, Electric_Field_Strength 9.00e+03V/m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20184406025247
Title:Explicit iterative algorithm of normal water depth for trapezoid and parabolic open channels under ice cover
Title of translation:冰盖下梯形及抛物线形输水明渠正常水深显式迭代算法
Authors:Han, Yancheng (1); Chu, Pingping (1); Liang, Mengyuan (1); Tang, Wei (1); Gao, Xueping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan; 250022, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin; 300072, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:101-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the increase of water demand in winter in northern China, more and more open-channel water diversion projects transport water under the ice cover in winter such as the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The method of transporting water using open channel under the ice cover has become increasingly common to delivery water from reservoirs, rivers and lakes to cities. The normal water depth is an important parameter in channel design, operation, flood control, and flow measurement and maintenance of the open channel or sewage systems. The explicit calculation algorithms of the normal water depth for the open channel are mainly for free-ice channels. This paper proposed algorithm of normal water depth of open channel under ice cover. The expression of the synthesis roughness for the flow of the channel under the ice cover was determined based on the studies of Sabaneev. The relationship between the normal water depth and the flow rate of the trapezoid section under the ice cover was derived. A simple explicit iterative algorithm to compute the normal water depth was then proposed. It proved that the new iterative algorithm was convergent using the convergence theory of iteration. The formula to getting the initial value was proposed using the best hydraulic section. The application examples were given to compute the normal depth under the ice cover by using the new iterative algorithm. The results showed that the explicit iterative algorithm proposed had a fast convergence speed. In general, the error would be less than 0.01 m with only 3-5 times iterations. The number of the iteration decreased when using the initial value from the best hydraulic section. When the number of iterations was increased, the iterative value would be closer to the theoretical value of the normal depth. By using the same method, the relationship between the normal water depth and the flow rate under the ice cover was derived for the parabolic section, and a simple explicit iterative algorithm for calculating the normal depth of water was proposed too. The examples showed that the explicit iterative formula of the parabolic section proposed was simple and had a fast convergence speed too. In general, the error would be less than 0.01 m with only 3-5 times iterations as well as trapezoid section. The study of this paper provides a convenient method for the calculation of the normal water depth of the water conveyance channel under the ice cover. The research has theoretical and practical significance for the design, operation and management of the water conveyance channels under the ice cover because the normal depth is most widely used in the water conservancy project.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Iterative methods
Controlled terms:Canals - Design - Flood control - Hydraulics - Ice - Open channel flow - Reservoirs (water) - Sewage - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Explicit iterative - Ice cover - Middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project - Normal depths - Open channels - Operation and management - Water conservancy projects - Water diversion project
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 441.2 Reservoirs - 442.1 Flood Control - 452.1 Sewage - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20184406025240
Title:Effects of injection pressure and nozzle diameter and fuel property on spray characteristics of blended diesel fuel
Title of translation:喷油压力喷孔直径及燃油属性对混合柴油喷雾特性的影响
Authors:Huang, Haozhong (1); Zhang, Xinyun (1); Jia, Chaojie (1); Shi, Cheng (1); Teng, Wenwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:45-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The fuel spray performance and atomization quality played a fundamental role in optimization of combustion efficiency and exhaust emissions in internal combustion engines. In order to achieve better atomizing mode of diesel, the spray characteristics of diesel blending pine oil and PODE<inf>3-4</inf> were experimental studied. A spray trial platform include the visual constant volume chamber and the high-pressure common rail test bench. The high-speed photograph technique was applied to systematically investigate the spray process of blended fuel. To be specific, this study was conducted under the diesel mixed with 20% pine oil, and 10% or 20% PODE<inf>3-4</inf> was then added based on the mixture of diesel and 20% pine oil. Then, the influences of injection pressure, nozzle diameter and fuel property on macroscopic spray parameters (including spray cone angle, spray penetration distance and fuel flow area) were investigated in detail. It can be observed from the experimental research results that, at first, the spray penetration distance of blended fuel presented a certain degree of linear growth with the fuel injection, and then the increasing rate of the penetration distance decreased. On the other hand, it was observed that the spray cone angle was wider at the beginning of the spray development, and it gradually converged to a smaller and constant value. In general, the variation of the spray cone angle is stabilized during spray process. The decrease of spray penetration velocity is faster in the early stage, and the decrease is slow in the middle and late period and the fluctuation is produced. For the same nozzle diameter (10 mm), the blended fuel had a longer penetration distance with the increasing of the fuel injection pressure from 100 to 160 MPa. And the effect of injection pressure on the spray cone angle according to the variation in injection pressure showed that the spray cone angle at 160 MPa injection pressure was larger than that at 100 MPa. When increasing the penetration distance by 13% from 100 to 160 MPa, for each increase of 20 MPa, the spray cone angle increases averagely by 1°. The initial spray penetration velocity increases with the increase of the injection pressure, but the final spray penetration velocity is not very different. If increasing the injection pressure, the fuel area will also increase, and therefore, increasing the injection pressure can improve the spray characteristics of the fuel and improve the utilization rate of the air. When the nozzle diameter increased from 0.10 to 0.18 mm at the same injection pressure (160 MPa), the increment of nozzle diameter led to obvious increase of the spray cone angle and the penetration distance. During the spray evolution process, the mean spray cone angle increased by about 3°. The spray penetration distance increased by about 28% at the end of the injection. The spray penetration velocity of the large nozzle diameter is always greater than that of the small nozzle diameter. The fuel area increases with the increase of the nozzle diameter. However, excessive nozzle diameter will result in an increase in the amount of fuel injection, and it is not conducive to the broken atomization of fuel. In addition, analyses showed that the spray penetration distance, spray cone angle and fuel area increased slightly after a certain proportion of pine oil and PODE<inf>3-4</inf> were blended into diesel, which was very conducive to improve air and fuel mixture effect with pine oil. It can be concluded that investigating the spray characteristics of diesel - pine oil- PODE<inf>3-4</inf> blend would be significantly beneficial for enhancing the atomization quality of pure diesel, and also provide a valuable reference on the spray characteristics to choose an acceptable and appropriate alternative fuel for common rail diesel engine.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Alternative fuels - Atomization - Blending - Combustion - Diesel engines - Fuel injection - Mixtures - Spraying - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion efficiencies - Common rail diesel engines - Constant volume chamber - High pressure common rail - Injection pressures - Nozzle diameter - Pine oil - PODE3-4
Classification code:612.2 Diesel Engines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+08Pa, Pressure 1.00e+08Pa to 1.60e+08Pa, Pressure 1.60e+08Pa, Pressure 2.00e+07Pa, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-04m to 1.80e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20184406025239
Title:Design and physical model experiment of body leveling system for roller tractor in hilly and mountainous region
Title of translation:丘陵山地轮式拖拉机车身调平系统设计与物理模型试验
Authors:Peng, He (1, 2); Ma, Wenxing (1); Zhao, Enpeng (1); Lu, Xiuquan (1); Feng, Xue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin; 132013, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Xiuquan(xiuquan@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:36-44
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hilly tractor is difficult to maintain level, and easy to tip over in complex working conditions. In order to solve this problem, promote the rapid development of agricultural mechanization and improve the farmers' production conditions in hilly areas of China, a new leveling system of tractor body is proposed relying on "intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment", the national key research and development plan. Structural design, hydraulic system design, kinematics and dynamics simulation were included in this paper. The leveling system was mainly composed of central transmission assembly, leveling cylinder assembly, steering knuckle assembly, wheel transmission assembly and tyre. The power of the engine was transferred to the cylinder assembly through the central transmission assembly, then the power was transferred to a pair of bevel gear pairs in the steering knuckle assembly by leveling the cylinder, and finally the power was transferred to the wheels through the wheel transmission assembly. The hydraulic system was mainly composed of a gear oil pump, a filter, 4 electromagnetic proportional selector valves and 4 leveling cylinders. To achieve the leveling of the body, it needs to adjust the input flow of the cylinder by controlling the input current of the electromagnetic proportional valve. Three-dimensional (3D) model was built by CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) according to vehicle design parameters. A multi-body dynamics model of a hilly tractor equipped with the leveling system was established using the digital virtual prototype technology, i.e. the automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems (ADAMS), to simulate the kinematics and dynamics. The changing curves between attitude angles (i.e. pitch angle and roll angle) of the vehicle body and displacement, velocity of the leveling hydraulic cylinder rod were analyzed through kinematics simulation. The result shows that the leveling mechanism can achieve leveling movement and there is no interference between working parts. The attitude angle of vehicle body changes within 5°, indicating that the leveling system has good stability performance. The key data such as dynamic loading and torque of each cylinder and other key parts were analyzed through dynamics simulation. For example, the lateral bending moment of the front axle cylinder rod is gradually reduced from 449.3 to 327.7 N•m, and the lateral bending moment of the rear axle cylinder rod is gradually reduced from 1 259.2 to 814.3 N•m. The strength and stiffness requirements of the components can be satisfied after checking and calculating the endurance strength, which proves the correctness of the designed leveling mechanism of the hilly tractor body. A tractor body test bench including a model vehicle equipped with the leveling system was built to examine the leveling system. Through the comparative analysis of experiment and simulation, the maximum error is 15%, and the maximum average error is less than 10.20%, so the accuracy of the simulation method of tractor body leveling system is verified, which provides an effective theoretical support for the design of the tractor body leveling system.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Leveling (machinery)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Automobile bodies - Automobile steering equipment - Automobile testing - Bending moments - Dynamic loads - Engine cylinders - Experiments - Front axles - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Kinematics - Models - Steering - Structural design - Three dimensional computer graphics - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems - Dynamics simulation - Interactive applications - Multibody dynamics model - Physical model experiments - Three dimensional (3-D) modeling - Virtual Prototype Technology
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601.2 Machine Components - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Torque 2.59e+02N*m to 8.14e+02N*m, Torque 4.49e+02N*m to 3.28e+02N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20184406025251
Title:Soil classification based on maximum likelihood method and features of multi-temporal remote sensing images in bare soil period
Title of translation:基于裸土期多时相遥感影像特征及最大似然法的土壤分类
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Yang, Haoxuan (1); Xu, Mengyuan (1); Zhang, Xinle (1); Zhang, Xiaokang (1); Yu, Ziyang (1); Shao, Shuai (1); Li, Houxuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130102, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:132-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Remote sensing technology is an efficient method of soil mapping and classification. By using this method, soil classification is mainly based on spectral reflectance characteristics. A single-phase remote sensing image is often used for soil classification but a single phase image only reflects the current situation within the study area. It is easily disturbed by other factors and thus the results are inaccuracy. In addition, it is impossible to reflect the dynamic change of the soils that might be affected by factors such as human and natural factors. In order to improve the accuracy of mapping, we took Songdian County in the Songnen Plain as the research area and investigated the feasibility of using multi-phase images to classify soil. The study area included 5 types of soils such as chernozem, meadow soil, swamp soil, aeolian sand soil and water. A total of 3 Landsat 8 remote sensing images of bare soil were collected, representing 3 phases. Combined with DEM data and the second national soil census data, soil mapping was conducted. Different classification features were extracted by 1) Kauth-Thomas transformation, 2) spectral index of normalized difference vegetation index, normalized differential moisture index and normalized differential water index, 3) topography features of elevation, slope, aspect and curvature, and 4) multiphase features. The maximum likelihood method was used for soil classification. The J-M distance of training samples was calculated to show if the soils were easily differentiated. A total of 90 training samples were used for training and 1000 samples were used for validation. They included 500 samples of chernozem, 220 samples of meadow soils, 196 boggy soils and 43 blown soils. The DEM data was collected at a 30-m resolution. The results showed that the soils became easier to be differentiated with increasing numbers of features. According to the J-M distance analysis under mono-phase and multi-temporal remote sensing data, the identification of chernozem and meadow soil was the most difficult in all soil types. The main reason is that the spectral curve of the surface meadow soil is similar to the spectral curve of its adjacent soil type. With the increase of the classification characteristics, the information in the classification feature dataset was richer, and the J-M spacing was also increased, indicating that the selected classification characteristics and the constructed classification feature dataset are efficient in differentiating different types of soil based on remote sensing imagery. The multi-temporal remote sensing images based on multiphase features could complete soil classification and mapping with an overall accuracy rate of 91.0%, a Kappa coefficient of 0.865. By mono-temporal images based on multiphase features, the overall accuracy of using remote sensing imagery in 2014 was 86.3%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.794; The overall accuracy of using remote sensing imagery in 2015 was 90.3%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.855; The overall accuracy of using remote sensing imagery in 2017 was 88.6% and Kappa coefficient was 0.830. Compared to the single features, the multiphase features could greatly improve soil classification accuracy. The study could provide valuable information for soil mapping by remote sensing data.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Image classification - Image enhancement - Mapping - Maximum likelihood - Population statistics - Remote sensing - Sampling - Soil surveys - Soils - Trees (mathematics)
Uncontrolled terms:Classification features - Kappa coefficient - Kauth-Thomas transformation - Maximum likelihood methods - Multi-temporal remote sensing - Normalized difference vegetation index - Remote sensing imagery - Remote sensing technology
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.63e+01%, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.03e+01%, Percentage 9.10e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20184406025259
Title:Design of PV/TE hybrid power generation device based on thermal switch and its improving efficiency of power generation
Title of translation:热开关控制光伏/温差联合发电装置设计提高发电效率
Authors:Wang, Lishu (1); Dang, Shujun (1); Su, Jiheng (1); Hou, Ruiwen (1); Li, Ying (1); Liu, Shuang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:196-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of inefficiency of photovoltaic conversion caused by temperature rise when photovoltaic cell panel generates the electricity after receiving solar radiation, the present paper discussed about a method that the thermoelectric power generation technology could cool down the photovoltaic cell panel, this method was a kind of active cooling mode. However, when the temperature difference between the hot side and cold side of thermoelectric generator was close to each other, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency was too low, which had a negative effect on the device. To solve the above problem, the thermal switch was adopted to control the equipment, the switch would close when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel reached the predetermined value, and the heat passed down. On the contrary, the switch was in the off state. Through the control of the thermal switch, the thermoelectric generator could work stably and efficiently in the working range. Meanwhile, it could also improve the adaptive capacity to environment of the device. At the same time, the flat heat pipe had been chosen as the heat transfer unit, using water convection to cool down the system. After cooling the photovoltaic cell panel, not only its temperature would decrease, but also the service life could be extended. On the other hand, the cold side temperature of the thermoelectric generator could also decrease. Firstly, the present paper analyzed the effect caused by different intensity of optical radiation, different panel temperatures and different cold side temperatures in the system. Secondly, the whole experimental platform of system had been established. Last but not the least, the hybrid power generation system had been examined so as to test the property of hybrid power generation equipment which was based on PV/TE (photovoltaic/thermoelectricity) of thermal switch. The result revealed that the efficiency of hybrid power generation equipment was higher than a single electricity generating method included the photovoltaic power generation mode and the thermoelectric power generation mode. At the same time, the gradient utilization of energy could be realized by the equipment. In view of the experimental equipment had been built, the performance of the PV/TE hybrid power generation device based on thermal switch was investigated in two different ways, including the instant property and full-day performance test. The instant property of the PV/TE hybrid power generation device based on thermal switch was tested during 08:00-18:00 on August 27, 2017. The results showed that the efficiency of power generation could reach the peak point of 19.45% and the output of power generation could reach the peak point of 32.15 W. The full-day performance of the PV/TE hybrid power generation device based on thermal switch was tested from August 22 to 27, 2017. The results showed that the average power generating efficiency of the PV/TE hybrid power generation device based on thermal switch could reach 17.72% and its highest point could reach 18.37%. The test place was located in Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin. Finally, the test results showed the electricity acquired could basically meet the power supply needs of testing system of agricultural greenhouse and remote sensor.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Electric power generation
Controlled terms:Adaptive optics - Agriculture - Cells - Cytology - Electric power systems - Electronic equipment - Heat pipes - Heat transfer - Heating equipment - Photoelectrochemical cells - Photovoltaic cells - Power generation - Solar energy - Solar power generation - Thermoelectric equipment - Thermoelectric power
Uncontrolled terms:Flat heat pipe - Hybrid power generation systems - Photovoltaic - Photovoltaic power generation - Temperature differences - Thermal switch - Thermo-electric generators - Thermoelectric conversion efficiency
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 615.2 Solar Power - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.1 Electric Batteries - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.77e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Power 3.21e+01W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20184406025262
Title:Effects of mineral additives on catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of corn stalk powder
Title of translation:矿物质添加剂对玉米秸秆粉末催化热解特性的影响
Authors:Pang, Yunji (1, 2); Li, Tengfei (1); Chen, Yisheng (1); Xu, Jia (1); Lu, Chunxiao (1); Shen, Shengqiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou; 014010, China; (2) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian; 116023, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Yisheng(chenabc_518@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:221-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on self-made biological tube furnace pyrolysis experiment platform, using 20 pyrolysis purpose corn stalk powder as raw materials and selecting Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf>, CaO, Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> as additives. Then, the additive was mixed with maize straw powder in 10% proportion by high speed rotating in situ blending method. At the same time, respectively to set the heating rate and final pyrolysis temperature as 40 ℃/min and 750 ℃, Pyrolytic raw material mixture to place inside the self-made pyrolysis reactor, reactor by means of frosted sealing (sealing way of sealing has verified), before the reactor sealed by high purity nitrogen gas bubbled into the inside of the reactor, the pyrolysis reactor residual air exchange, to ensure that the reactor of the pyrolysis is without oxygen or lean oxygen environment. In this condition, to study the effects of different additives on the in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of corn stalk powder. By analyzing the corn stalk powder production rate under the effect of different additives of pyrolysis products change curve, at the same time, to research and analysis the composition of pyrolysis gas, microstructure of coke and its element distribution form and the change in functional groups in pyrolytic liquid phase products through gas chromatograph, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrometer and Fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and other instruments and equipment. Finally, X-ray diffraction was used to detect the existence forms of various additives in coke after pyrolysis, then, according to the results of testing and combining with the yield of pyrolysis products and product changes, speculate that the additives in the process of pyrolysis. The following conclusions are drawn: Adding Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> and CaO of corn stalk powder in the pyrolysis process of the liquid yield is far lower than no additives, and the liquid yield reach the maximum at 650 ℃, is 36.39% and 37.88% respectively. Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> and CaO as the additives in the process of biomass pyrolysis of biomass tar have obvious inhibitory effect. In maize straw powder thermal cracking process, three kinds of additives on liquid oid produced have different inhibition, Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> above CaO 1.5 times, 20 times that of Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> has the highest pyrolysis gas production rate in the three additives, up to 31.72%, and the thermal gas quality of CaO is the best and the low heat value of its pyrolysis gas is the highest, reaching 11.38 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>. In the process of corn stalk powder pyrolysis, Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> to promote biomass thermal cracking produces pyrolysis gas is given priority to, however, CaO to produce pyrolysis char is given priority to, and the pyrolysis product coke respectively have different forms and different degrees of coked reunion. In the low temperature pyrolysis stage, Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> effect on the yield of pyrolysis products is relatively weak, but after 550 ℃ catalytic effect is remarkable. By studying three kinds of additives in the process of pyrolysis of corn stalk powder to the influence of the yield of pyrolysis products and distribution, for later biomass catalytic pyrolysis catalyst selection and use of the aspects such as industrial and mining enterprise waste provide valuable basic data theory and direction.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Sodium compounds
Controlled terms:Additives - Biological materials - Biomass - Blending - Catalysts - Chemical reactors - Coke - Cracking (chemical) - Gases - Hematite - Liquids - Oxygen - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Sodium Carbonate - Spectrum analyzers - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Corn stalk - High purity nitrogen gas - Infrared spectrum analyzer - Instruments and equipments - Low-temperature pyrolysis - Pyrolysis temperature - Raw material mixtures - Research and analysis
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 482.2 Minerals - 524 Solid Fuels - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.17e+01%, Percentage 3.64e+01%, Percentage 3.79e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20184406025260
Title:Effect of wind sand on flow around airfoil of wind turbine and its aerodynamic performance
Title of translation:风沙对风力机翼型绕流及其气动性能的影响
Authors:Li, Rennian (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Zhenxi (1); Li, Deshun (1, 2, 3); Li, Yinran (1, 2, 3); Chen, Xia (1); Yu, Jiaxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) GANSU Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) GANSU Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems, Lanzhou; 730050, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:205-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a kind of clean and environment-friendly energy, wind power has been developed rapidly in recent years. With top wind power capacity, Northwest region is also a region with frequent dust storm incidents. Obviously, when wind turbine works under sand-wind conditions, its aerodynamics performance will be affected severely, and the flow structure around airfoil will be affected by the function of particles in the air. Wind turbine blades will even be eroded due to the impact of particles. Therefore, it is urgent to study the effect of sand-wind flow on wind turbine. The effect of particles on the flow structure around airfoil and its aerodynamic performance has been studied in this paper. In order to capture the detail of the flow structure around airfoil in various dusty environments with different particle diameters, a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) method, which is a hybrid Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and large eddy simulation (RANS-LES), and the discrete phase model were used for the simulation of the flow around NREL S809 airfoil. The flow structure around airfoil, mass distribution of particles and its aerodynamic performance in each dusty environment were compared. Both aerodynamic performance and flow structure were affected by particle, and the influences would be different when the angle of attack or particle diameter was different. When the angle of attack was small (6.1°, there was no flow detachment), the particles did not affect the flow around airfoil obviously, but the lift coefficient was decreased. With the increasing of particle diameter, lift coefficient of S809 decreased first and then went up, and turning point was 20 µm (3.9% lower than the lift coefficient obtained in clear air). But the lift coefficient could not be completely recovered, and it was still smaller than the lift coefficient in clear air when the particle diameter was 150 µm. When the angle of attack became larger (8.2°, flow detachment occurred), particles had a great influence on the flow structure around airfoil, such as the advancing of the flow separation point and the appearing of the flow along spanwise direction, and these influences were also affected by particle diameter. With particle diameter increasing, the flow structure became chaotic first and then gradually recovered. When the particle diameter was 20 µm, particles had the most effects on the aerodynamics performance of airfoil and the flow around it. This was due to the dramatic momentum exchange between particle and gas, that was, a large number of particles were rolled into wake area and broke the flow structure around airfoil, which affected the lift coefficient greatly. When the particle diameter was smaller than 20 µm, the particles would flow closely with air due to its weak inertia force. On the contrary, the particles would move independently of air flow, because of its strong inertia force when the particle diameter was larger than 50 µm. The flow structure recovered gradually with the increasing of particle diameter when particles diameter was larger than 20 µm. However, the aerodynamic performance of airfoil could not recover completely, only close to the lift coefficient in clear air, and the minimum value of lift coefficient was also obtained when the particle diameter was 20 µm (7.9% lower than the lift coefficient in clear air). In summary, the particles in the air will have a great influence on both the flow around airfoil and the aerodynamic performance of airfoil, especially in the area where the flow separates. When the particle diameter is smaller than 20 µm, the particle diameter increase will strengthen the effect, which reaches the climax when the particle diameter is 20 µm. Under this condition, if there is no flow detachment in clear air (the attack angle is small), the influence of particles would be weak, which can be ignored. If there exists flow separation phenomenon in clear air (the attack angle is large), then the influence would be strong, and it would aggravate the flow separation, causing the flow to transform into three-dimensional flow. After that, further increase of the particle diameter would weaken the effects of the particles, and when the particle diameter is 150 µm, both the flow structure and the lift coefficient are very close to that in clear air.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Lift
Controlled terms:Airfoils - Angle of attack - Angle of attack indicators - Computer simulation - Flow separation - Flow structure - Large eddy simulation - Navier Stokes equations - Particle size - Recovery - Storms - Turbine components - Turbomachine blades - Wind effects - Wind power - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Aero-dynamic performance - Aerodynamics performance - Delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) - Eddy simulation - Flow separation point - Particle diameters - Reynolds Average Navier Stokes equation - Three-dimensional flow
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.3 Aircraft Instruments and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.90e+00%, Percentage 7.90e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20184406025254
Title:Forecasting of cotton diseases and pests based on adaptive discriminant deep belief network
Title of translation:基于自适应判别深度置信网络的棉花病虫害预测
Authors:Wang, Xianfeng (1); Zhang, Chuanlei (2); Zhang, Shanwen (1); Zhu, Yihai (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an; 710123, China; (2) College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin; 300457, China; (3) Tableau Software, Seattle; WA; 98103, United States
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chuanlei(al7647@Gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:157-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cotton diseases and pests seriously affect cotton quantity. Timely and accurate prediction of diseases and pests is very important for crop growers to effectively prevent and monitor cotton diseases and pests. Cotton diseases and pests can be forecast by environmental and weather information. Through various sensors in the internet of things, it is easy to acquire a lot of environmental and weather information, and many cotton existing prediction methods, techniques and systems have been proposed. However, the occurrence and development of cotton diseases and pests involve various factors, among which there are complex interactions and mutual influences. The traditional prediction model of cotton diseases and insect pests has limited expression ability and generalization ability, and the accuracy of prediction is not high. Many existing prediction models cannot meet the actual needs of pest and disease prediction system. Therefore, the prediction of cotton diseases and pests is still a challenging problem in computer vision. In recent years, deep learning networks have won numerous contests in pattern recognition and machine learning. Deep belief network (DBN) is one of the most widely used deep learning models and has been successfully applied in many fields. DBN is a superposition model composed of several restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM). However, in DBN, there are a lot of problems, such as time-consuming to pre-train, easy to get into the local optimal solution, unsupervised training and poor generalization. An adoptive discriminant deep belief network (ADDBN) is proposed to solve the time-consuming problem in the pre-training process of DBN, and then a forecasting model of cotton diseases and pests is proposed based on environmental information and ADDBN. ADDBN is constructed by three RBMs (restricted Boltzmann machine) and a discriminant RBM (DRBM). In DRBM, the label information is introduced to training process of RBM, and the discriminant information is added into learning process through constraint on the similarity of feature vectors to improve the forecasting rate. In ADDBN, an adaptive learning rate is introduced into the contrastive divergence algorithm to accelerate the model convergence. Comparing with DBN, the proposed model has two advantages, (1) adaptive learning rate is introduced into the contrast algorithm to automatically adjust learning step, which can solve the problem to choose the learning rate in the training traditional DBN model; (2) the class information of samples is introduced into DRBM in the learning process. Then the model can be targeted trained, which can weaken the characteristic homogeneous in unsupervised training the traditional RBM and improve the forecasting accuracy of the model. Finally, a series of experiments were carried out on a dataset of cotton diseases and pests to test the performance of ADDBN. The results showed that the convergence rate is accelerated significantly and the forecasting accuracy is improved as well. The experiment results on the environmental information database of "three worms and two diseases" of cotton in recent 6 years showed that the proposed prediction model has better prediction effect than the traditional prediction model such as BPNN, SFSVM and RBFNN, the prediction performance is improved by 19.248%, 24.916% and 27.774% respectively. It is an effective method to predict crop pests and diseases with faster convergence rate, good generalization ability and higher prediction effect.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Deep learning
Controlled terms:Cotton - Crops - Diseases - Forecasting - Learning algorithms - Models - Pattern recognition - Problem solving - Statistical tests - Weather forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive learning rates - Adoptive discriminant - Contrastive divergence - Deep belief network (DBN) - Discriminant informations - Environmental information - Local optimal solution - Restricted boltzmann machine
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.92e+01%, Percentage 2.49e+01%, Percentage 2.78e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20184406025267
Title:Key issues and solutions for element coding of rural land contractual management right
Title of translation:农村土地承包经营权要素编码的关键问题及解决途径
Authors:Yi, Xiangsheng (1, 2); Pei, Zhiyuan (1, 2); Zhao, Hu (1, 2); Guo, Lin (1, 2); Hu, Hualang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Agriculture Resource Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Pei, Zhiyuan(peizhiyuan@agri.gov.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:257-262
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The element coding of rural land contractual management right is basic work for the informational management of rural land contract. In order to use Element coding rules of rural land contractual management right (NY/T 2538-2014) accurately and standardize the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right, it was necessary to analyze for the key points of the element coding of rural land contractual management right. In this study, the coding structure, coding method and coding rule for the element coding of rural land contractual management right in the NY/T 2538-2014 were introduced firstly, some key issues for the code of county and township level, code of party giving out the contract, contractor code and special area code in the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right were analyzed deeply by using document survey method and field method, and the concerned solutions for the key points were also given. Four important results were obtained from this research, which were listed as follows: (1) As for the code of county and township level, they should be coded according to the time nodes of the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right. In order to be convenient in the sharing and management of rural land data, for the county and township, the latest administrative division codes which were published by the Ministry of Civil Affairs must be used. (2) The code of party giving out the contract was basic work for other element coding of rural land contractual management right. If the rural land belonged to the village collective economic organizations or villager team, the code of party giving out the contract should be coded according to the rural land ownership relations. From the angle of rural land ownership relationship, if the collective economy organizations had been division or merger, the code of party giving out the contract should be coded according to the collective economy organizations of division or merger. (3) The contractor contained 3 types, which were peasant household, organization and person. If the person or organization had several contracts, they should be considered as different contractors and coded in different parties giving out the contract. In addition, the code of contractor mainly depended on the contract, which included the contractor and the code of party giving out the contract. (4) There were some special areas in China, such as economic development zone, enclave area. The element coding of rural land contractual management right had nothing to do with the rural land contract management in these special areas. The element coding to rural land contractual management right in these special areas should be coded according to the internal relations between the elements of rural land contractual management right. The important conclusions from this research not only can further deepen the scientific cognition for the element coding of rural land contractual management right, but also will be helpful for improving the application of the NY/T 2538-2014 in the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Codes (symbols) - Contractors - Economics - Land use - Merging
Uncontrolled terms:Administrative division - Coding structures - Contract management - Economic development - Land ownership - Peasant households - Rural regions - Special area
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20184406025242
Title:Cutting tool wear recognition based on MF-DFA feature and LS-SVM algorithm
Title of translation:基于MF-DFA特征和LS-SVM算法的刀具磨损状态识别
Authors:Guan, Shan (1); Pang, Hongyang (1); Song, Weijie (1); Kang, Zhenxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin; 132012, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:61-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cutting is an important process in machining. In order to improve the automatic and intelligent level of machining and improve the production efficiency and quality, it is urgent to monitor the tool wear state. The feature extraction of wear state is the key to the tool wear monitoring. In view of the unique advantages of multifractal theory in accurately depicting the nonlinear phenomena and processes of the system, a tool wear state recognition method based on multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) is proposed. The acoustic emission (AE) signal is denoised with wavelet packet analysis, and the best tree of wavelet packet decomposition is determined and reconstruction is performed based on the minimum Shannon criterion so as to achieve the purpose of signal initial denoising. Firstly, the MF-DFA method is used to deal with the noise emission signals of the tool wear after denoising, and the long range correlation and fractal characteristics are discussed. It shows that the tool wear time sequence is an orderly process with long range correlation, and the internal fluctuation is not random, and it has the ability to maintain the trend. Then, the multifractal spectrum parameters of different wear stages were analyzed and compared. The parameters of singular exponent corresponding to the point of extreme value and multifractal spectrum width are increasing with the progression of the wear stage, which indicates that the greater the wear amount, the greater the fluctuation of the AE signal, the more uneven the probability measurement of the whole fractal structure, the more random the fluctuation. The values of the AE signal multifractal dimension under different wear states are less than zero, and the multifractal spectrum is left hook like, indicating the number of the maximum subset in the probability measure is relatively large. The absolute value of the normal wear stage is the smallest, which indicates that the volatility is the smallest in this stage; the value of the parameter increases with the increase of the wear amount, indicating that the greater the fluctuation degree of generalized Hurst exponent, the stronger the multifractal characteristics. The singular exponent corresponding to the point of extreme value, the multifractal spectrum width and the mean of the generalized Hurst exponent, which can sensitively characterize the tool wear state, were selected as the characteristic quantities, and the three-dimensional feature vectors were constructed to characterize the tool wear stage. The clustering effect of the extracted tool wear state characteristics was obvious. The LS-SVM algorithm, SVM algorithm and BP (back propagation) neural network are applied to recognize the tool wear state. Simplex iterative algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, the optimal model is constructed to determine the performance of each group of parameters, and the parameters of regularization and kernel function are determined. The average recognition accuracy is 97.78%. The results show that the tool wear AE signal has long range correlation and obvious multifractal characteristics, the multifractal parameters, i.e. singular exponent corresponding to the point of extreme value, multifractal spectrum width and mean of the generalized Hurst exponent can be used as sensitive characterization for the feature of tool wear stage, and the tool wear stages can be clearly distinguished. The multifractal spectrum features extracted with the method based on MF-DFA and LS-SVM can identify the different wear stages of the tool well, verify the effectiveness of the recognition method, improve the accuracy of recognition, and lay a foundation for the realization of the wear prediction.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Cutting tools
Controlled terms:Acoustic emission testing - Acoustic emissions - Backpropagation algorithms - Fractals - Iterative methods - Least squares approximations - Parameter estimation - Principal component analysis - Signal denoising - Spectrum analysis - State estimation - Support vector machines - Wavelet analysis - Wavelet decomposition - Wear of materials
Uncontrolled terms:BP (back propagation) neural network - Least squares support vector machines - Multi fractals - Multifractal characteristics - Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis - State recognition - Wave method - Wavelet Packet Decomposition
Classification code:603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 751.2 Acoustic Properties of Materials - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.78e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20184406025261
Title:Research advance on influence factors and technologies of biomass pyrolysis
Title of translation:生物质热解影响因素及技术研究进展
Authors:Hu, Erfeng (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Wu, Juan (2); Meng, Haibo (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Cong, Hongbin (1); Wu, Yunong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing; 210042, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:212-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Large quantities of stalk resources are produced in China, and some of the stalks are incinerated, which wastes resources and pollutes the environment. Biomass pyrolysis is attracting a great deal of attention as a way of utilizing biomass waste. In this paper, the recent advances in fundamentals and technologies of biomass pyrolysis were reviewed, focusing on the reaction process, influencing factors and its technology development status in biomass pyrolysis. The major technology advances in biomass technology were summarized and discussed, and it was particularly noted that if the drawbacks on indirectly heated pyrolysis technology are solved well, this indirectly heated pyrolysis technology is a good way to achieve high-value utilization of biomass waste. In addition, combined with the accumulated technologies of our team, an indirectly heated high-efficient rotary kiln was proposed and a 500 kg/h demonstration project was built by integrating the technology of sealed feeding, continuous pyrolysis, and gas/fuel combustion. This process demonstrated good prospects for biomass application, which solved the problems of poor operation stability and low heat exchange efficiency of continuous pyrolysis equipment, thus realizing the high-value utilization of northern corn straw. Furthermore, based on the preceding research, a further study for direct regulation of pyrolysis products was suggested to provide theoretical guidance for the utilization of rural biomass. This paper pointed out the future direction of bio-energy development, which provided a reference for the biomass pyrolysis fundamentals, technology development, and industry application. Pyrolysis for biochar is the critical core technology to achieve high-value utilization of stalks. In this process, the pyrolysis char can be used to produce carbon-based fertilizers and soil additives; the pyrolysis gas is available for cooking and heating in rural area. Aiming at many disadvantages in the existing equipment, including poor equipment stability, low quality of pyrolysis gas and tar, the study of technology equipment of stalk pyrolysis for high-quality biochar and gas was conducted. We proposed a continuous segmented temperature-controlled pyrolysis technique on the basis of gasification reforming through in-situ pyrolysis of pyrolysis gas and coke, high-efficient heat transfer based on cascade energy utilization, uniform feeding by disturbance compaction, multi-wire spiral-plate transport, multi-cavity swirl heat exchange, jacketed sedimentation cyclone for dust removal, gas gasification reforming for decoking, gas purification and upgrading. According to the stalk resources amount, energy demand and economic development level in different regions, we put forward some application modes of stalk pyrolysis at different scales and designed the continuous pyrolysis equipment of internal heating, external heating, and tube-plate mixing heating. At pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃ and residence time of 30 min, the yield of pyrolysis gas of peanut shell achieved 3 m<sup>3</sup>/h, and the calorific value of pyrolysis gas was 16.3 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>; the yields of pyrolysis gas, tar and biochar were 0.32 m<sup>3</sup>/kg, 1.3% and 31.8% respectively. The dust concentration in tar was 7.9 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the NO<inf>X</inf> in flue gas emissions was 25.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup>; the particulate matter concentration was 2.4 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the smoke blackness was lower than Grade 1. This study offers an effective technology path for comprehensive utilization of stalks in China.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:65
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Air purification - Biomass - Dust - Energy utilization - Gas emissions - Gasification - Heat exchangers - Heating - Heating equipment - Petroleum prospecting - Rural areas - Smoke - Storms - Tar - Waste incineration - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive utilizations - Demonstration project - Heat exchange efficiency - Heating in rural areas - Industry applications - Pyrolysis temperature - Reaction process - Technology development
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.40e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.90e-06kg/m3, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.39e-01kg/s, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 3.18e+01%, Specific_Volume 3.20e-01m3/kg, Time 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20184406025243
Title:Comprehensive evaluation method for lifting characteristics of electric multi-rotor UAV for plant protection
Title of translation:电动多旋翼植保无人机升力特性综合测评方法
Authors:Zang, Ying (1, 2, 3); He, Xingang (1, 2, 3); Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2, 3); Ming, Rui (1, 2, 3); Zang, Yu (1, 2, 3); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2, 3); Lan, Yubin (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment of South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Zhiyan(zyzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:69-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the rapid development of agricultural aviation, electric multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for planting protection are favored in plant protection operations due to their advantages of vertical take-off and landing, air hovering, and easy operation. However, because of its low aerodynamic efficiency, there are currently problems such as low loading mass and short battery life, and it is still necessary to optimize and improve it. The lift characteristics is one of the important parameters for the performance test of the multi-rotor UAV. However, few tests have been conducted on the lifting characteristics of multi-rotor UAV. How do we comprehensively evaluate the lifting characteristics of various types of multi-rotor UAV and make comparisons and judgments on the performance of multi-rotor UAV. At present, there are no standards to follow. Only by clearly defining the evaluation index for lift performance, and by standardizing the test methods and evaluation criteria, the performance of the multi-rotor UAV can be judged and the suggestions for optimization and improvement can be given. Based on the existing research results, this paper considered the functional effectiveness criteria of helicopters combining economy, weight reduction, and heat transfer. A method of test and evaluation for the lift characteristics of the semi-tethered multi-rotor UAV is proposed. It includes performance testing semi-tethered platform, lift characteristics test method and index, and lift characteristics evaluation method. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, the performance test of 3 different models (four-rotor, Type I; six-rotor, Type II; and eight-rotor, Type III) was carried out. The test results show that the 3 models have great difference in power load, weight efficiency and thermal efficiency ratio. Type III is the best in power load, 7.6 mN/W larger than the worst Type I. The best Type II is 0.33 larger than the worst Type Ⅱ in weight efficiency. The best Type III is 10.5 N/℃ larger than the worst Type I in thermal efficiency ratio. It reflects the difference in motor and propeller selection and structure of the 3 models of aircraft during the design process, thus showing difference in the performance of the whole machine. On the basis of the above index test, combined with the mathematical model of multi-rotor UAV power system, a scoring method is put forward to evaluate the lift characteristics of the multi-rotor UAV using the power load, weight efficiency and thermal efficiency ratio. The results of the comprehensive score of the 3 types are as follows: Type III > Type I > Type II. The results show that the proposed evaluation method can effectively evaluate the lift characteristics of different types of multi-rotor UAV. It can more objectively and accurately assess the technical level of multi-rotor UAV and strengthen the management of multi-rotor UAV in use. The test and evaluation method presented in this paper can not only be used to evaluate the performance of the multi-rotor UAV, but also provide a reference for the further improvement of the model performance. Of course, in the performance evaluation of multi-rotor UAV, the improvement of power load, weight efficiency and thermal efficiency ratio cannot be excessively pursued, and the balance of technical performance, reliability performance, safety performance, and economical efficiency should be upheld.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:VTOL/STOL aircraft
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Antennas - Efficiency - Flow control - Heat transfer - Models - Testing - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Battery power - Comprehensive evaluation - Lifting characteristics - Performance evaluations - Power load - Reliability performance - Thermal efficiency - Vertical take-off and landings
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20184406025249
Title:Long-term application of biochar in fluvio-aquatic soil improving wheat yield and nitrogen utilization
Title of translation:潮土长期施用生物炭提高小麦产量及氮素利用率
Authors:Xie, Yingxin (1); Liu, Yujuan (1); Zhang, Weina (1); Dong, Cheng (1); Zhao, Xu (2); He, Dexian (1); Wang, Chenyang (1); Guo, Tiancai (1); Wang, Shenqiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xu(zhaoxu@issas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:115-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biochar, which is produced by the thermochemical decomposition of organic material under a limited supply of oxygen at temperatures between 300 and 1000℃, has been the focus of researchers for the past several years. Each year straw of about 0.6-0.7 billion tons is produced in China, however less than half fails to reasonable use, which has resulted in a series of problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution. Converting cheap, abundant crop straw into biochar applied to soils may have significant agricultural and environmental benefits. Crop-straw biochar returned into soil not only can significantly increase carbon sequestration and reduce emission of greenhouse gases as well as protect soil quality, improve soil fertility, decrease soil bulk density and reduce the aluminum toxicity of crop in acid soil, but also provides effective way for comprehensive utilization of straw resource. In order to find out a rational solution for more and more straw in the farmland to provide scientific basis for comprehensive utilization of straw in the Huanghuai region, a field location experiment on straw biochar application was performed in the typical fluvio-aquatic soil of the Huanghuai region since 2011. Effects of continuous biochar application in 2011-2017 on growth and nitrogen absorption of winter wheat were studied. The yield components, accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen, LAI (leaf area index), chlorophyll relative content (SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) value), and population number at the key growth stage of winter wheat, and the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) under the long-term biochar application were also observed in the test. Four treatments in the experiment were set, including BC0 (control), BC2.25 (low), BC6.75 (middle) and BC11.25 (high), which were 0, 2.25, 6.75 and 11.25 t/hm<sup>2</sup> biochar added to the soil, respectively. The results showed that, compared with BC0, the BC2.25 increased grain yield of wheat only in 2011/2012, the BC6.75 increased grain yield in 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, and the BC11.25 increased grain yield in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The average yield across 6 wheat seasons showed that 3 biochar application treatments markedly increased grain yield, biomass, and nitrogen partial productivity by 7.0%-8.5%, 5.2%-10.8%, and 6.8%-8.6%, respectively compared with the CK treatment, but no significant difference was found among 3 biochar treatments. In addition, biochar application treatments with middle and high addition amount also significantly increased straw yield, spike number, nitrogen accumulation of grain, straw nitrogen accumulation and plant nitrogen accumulation by 11.4%-12.6%, 10.1%-11.2%, 9.4%-11.2%, 17.4%-23.8% and 13.3%-20.9%, respectively. The roles of biochar in improving grain yield and nitrogen uptake were in accordance with response in increasing LAI and SPAD value of wheat leaves. We also found that 3 biochar application treatments increased population amount at the key growth stage of winter wheat in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, and also increased the SPAD value and LAI at the jointing stage and heading stage in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Moreover, 3 biochar treatments also significantly increased SOC content in topsoil by 32.6%-215.6% in 2012-2017 and TN content by 20.0%-36.8% in 2014-2017. In conclusion, reasonable biochar application can increase grain yield and nitrogen partial productivity with promoting the growth and nitrogen absorption of winter wheat in the Huanghuai region, and also improve the soil fertility and carbon sequestration.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Crops - Density of gases - Grain (agricultural product) - Greenhouse gases - Nitrogen - Organic carbon - Oxygen supply - Plants (botany) - Population statistics - Productivity - Soil conservation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Bio chars - Comprehensive utilizations - Environmental benefits - Environmental pollutions - Grain yield - Nitrogen accumulation - Thermochemical decomposition - Winter wheat
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.14e+01% to 1.26e+01%, Percentage 1.33e+01% to 2.09e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 3.68e+01%, Percentage 3.26e+01% to 2.16e+02%, Percentage 6.80e+00% to 8.60e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00% to 8.50e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20184406025270
Title:Process optimization of protein isolate edible films modified by glow discharge low temperature plasma treatment
Title of translation:辉光放电低温等离子体改性大豆分离蛋白可食膜工艺优化
Authors:Li, Shuai (1); Liang, Shan (1); Gu, Yu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin; 132101, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:280-287
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soy protein isolate (SPI) is economic renewable material due to its degradability, high safety, special nutritious and healthcare function. It is ideal raw material to prepare edible films. Despite of a strong performance of air resistance and oil resistance, SPI is poor in terms of its mechanical strength and moisture resistance. In order to obtain a high quality SPI edible film in the experimental study, the optimal comprehensive score of edible film was used as the objective. And the total score of edible film depends on the elongation, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability. Through consulting a large number of the edible film literatures, we found that the low temperature plasma can improve the quality of edible film. Therefore, the treatment of low temperature plasma can improve the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability coefficient of SPI film. And the comprehensive score of edible film was affected. In order to narrow the scope of the experiment, the single-factor experiment is conducted to study the influence of plasma treatment time, the pH value of membrane-forming materials and glycerol concentration. After considering the change of elongation, tensile strength, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability, the range of data suitable for the next experiment is obtained. At this time, we will reduce the pH value to 9-11. At the same time, the amount of added glycerol concentration was determined as 0.015-0.025 g/mL. The experimental range of plasma time was 6-12 min. At this point, the experiment entered the critical moment. That is, we use principal component analysis and the comprehensive score of membership. Principal component analysis of experimental data is performed using SPSS software. Then the results obtained from the main component analysis are summarized. We can get the weight of each factor by combining the characteristic root, the variance contribution rate and the load matrix coefficient. Among them, the weight of elongation is 0.19, the weight of tensile strength is 0.22, the weight of water vapor permeability coefficient is about 0.29, and the weight of oxygen permeability rate is about 0.3. And we can get the comprehensive score of the edible film by the comprehensive score method. By using Design-Expert software to analyze and evaluate the comprehensive score of edible film, we can make a further analysis of the experimental data. Through the analysis of model, the influence degree of various factors on edible membrane is in the following order: pH value > glycerol concentration > plasma treatment time. Under the conditions of plasma processing time of 11.31 min, glycerin concentration of 0.02 g/mL and pH value of 11, the overall physical properties of edible films were the best with a score as high as 0.90, and the elongation, tensile strength, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of the edible films were 37.77%, 3.46 MPa, 1.81×10<sup>-12</sup> g/(cm•s•Pa) and 1.43×10<sup>-5</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/(m<sup>2</sup>•d•Pa) respectively. The edible film was observed by atomic force microscopy and contact angles. The results showed that the edible film treated with low temperature plasma increased the roughness and decreased the contact angle. The plasma effect can effectively improve the mechanical properties and surface wettability of the SPI membrane. The results of this paper can provide the new reference for the development of edible films.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Mechanical permeability
Controlled terms:Atomic force microscopy - Contact angle - Elongation - Films - Glow discharges - Glycerol - Mechanical properties - Optimization - Oxygen - Oxygen permeable membranes - pH - Physical properties - Plasma applications - Plasmas - Principal component analysis - Proteins - Temperature - Tensile strength - Water vapor
Uncontrolled terms:Edible films - Glycerol concentration - Low temperature plasmas - Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment - Oxygen permeability coefficient - Single-factor experiments - Soy protein isolates - Water vapor permeability
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.50e+01kg/m3 to 2.50e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e+01kg/m3, Percentage 3.78e+01%, Pressure 3.46e+06Pa, Time 3.60e+02s to 7.20e+02s, Time 6.79e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20184406025272
Title:Change of food consumption with population age structure in China
Title of translation:中国食物消费随人口结构变化分析
Authors:Xin, Liangjie (1); Li, Penghui (1); Fan, Yuzhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Corresponding author:Fan, Yuzhi(fanyuzhi@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:296-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a populous country that is facing serious aging problem due to the single-child birth policy. Same as urbanization, economic level, consumer preferences, and so on, the changes in population age structure would have a huge impact on food consumption. This paper used the household survey data conducted by the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2012 to investigate the consumption status of Chinese residents of different ages. In CHNS, 23057 persons, 5928 households in 311 villages community, 11 provinces (province-level municipalities) were covered. This paper also predicted China's population size before 2030 based on the Life Cycle Theory. Then this paper studied the influences of population age structure change on the consumption of major food in China. The main results are as follows: 1) Food consumption of residents of different ages has the obvious stage traits, all of which can be roughly divided into 4 groups: inverse U-shaped curve (grain ration, aquatic products and Chinese spirits), U-shaped curve (milk), staged consumption characteristics (3 phases for red meat consumption, 2 phases for poultry), no-difference consumption characteristics (egg). 2) China's total population and the proportion of elderly citizens will continue to grow before 2030, and the growth rate of total population will slow down. In 2030, the total population of China will reach 1 466 millions, and the proportion of elderly citizens will reach 18.2%. The population age structure will exert significant impacts on the total food consumption in China. These impacts can be divided into 4 groups: positive impact (grain ration, aquatic products and Chinese spirits), negative impact (red meat and poultry), first negative impact and then positive impact (milk), no significant effect (egg). 3) In terms of the degree of influence, the effects of the population age structure change on total food consumption can be also divided into 4 types. The population age structure change will increase total consumption of grain ration, aquatic products and Chinese spirits. The growth rate of consumption of grain ration and aquatic products will slow down gradually, and the growth rate of consumption of Chinese spirits will first rise and then decrease. The population age structure change will exert the increasing negative impacts on total consumption of red meat and poultry, and the impacts are going to get higher. Till 2030, total consumption of red meat and poultry in China will reduce by 4.9% and 11.2% respectively. The impact of the population age structure change on total consumption of milk changes from -1.4% in 2015 to 1.1% in 2030. And the population age structure change has little effect on egg consumption. So it is concluded that the population age structure change slows down meat consumption and total grain demand in China. Now, the focus of China's food security should be changed from ensuring quantity security of grain to ensuring nutritional safety of residents. The future policies should pay attention to the differences of consumption characteristics of people of different ages. For example, citizens of China consume most poultry at the age of 20, most red meat at the age of 30, and consume most grain ration, aquatic products, Chinese spirits at the age of 47-53. As the most convenient and reliable source of protein, the consumption quantity of eggs at different ages is roughly the same.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Population statistics
Controlled terms:Consumer products - Food products - Food supply - Growth rate - Meats - Nutrition - Population dynamics - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Age structures - China - CHNS - Consumer preferences - Food consumption - Household surveys - Life cycle theories - Rate of consumption
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+03% to 1.10e+00%, Percentage 4.90e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20184406025257
Title:High throughput automatic extraction method of corn ear parameters based on multiple cameras images
Title of translation:基于多相机成像的玉米果穗考种参数高通量自动提取方法
Authors:Song, Peng (1, 2); Zhang, Han (1, 2); Luo, Bin (1, 2); Hou, Peichen (1, 2); Wang, Cheng (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Cheng(wangc@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:181-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The efficiency and accuracy of corn ear test are two of the key factors restricting the breeding efficiency seriously. Corn ear test includes the measurement, records, statistics and analysis of parameters such as ear weight, ear length, ear width, number of ear rows, kernels per row, average thickness of kernel, kernels per ear. In this paper, a corn ear parameter extraction method based on 4 cameras was proposed based on the high-throughput automatic measuring device which has been developed previously. Four high-resolution color cameras were evenly distributed around the ear with the interval of 90° to get the corn ear images from 4 directions at the same time. Every image from the corresponding camera was processed including image preprocessing, projection model building, and parameters extraction of corn ear. During image preprocessing process, center part of the original image with the length of 7/9 of the original image length, the width of 1/2 of the original image width was chosen as the processed area. Binarization processing was applied to the area to obtain binary image, and the binary image was processed by image denoising, hole filling and other morphological transform. An AND-operation was then applied between the processing result and the original image to access the corn ear images without background. The projection model was constructed after image preprocessing process, which considered ear cross-section circular, and kernels were distributed on ear cross-section as point on the circumference of a circle. Thus, number of ear rows can be easily calculated according to the relationship between number of ear rows and circumferential angle of those rows. Procedure such as kernels area acquisition, kernels center position acquisition, kernels at edge removal, reserved kernels tracking and corn ear parameters calculation are operated based on the projection model. Since there are 4 images for each ear, the final ear parameters including ear length, ear width, average thickness of kernel, number of ear rows, kernels per row, kernels per ear are calculated based on parameters measured from each image. The ear length and width are represented by the maximum length and width of the smallest external rectangle of the 4 images. Number of ear rows in each image is calculated from the valid row number and the circumferential angle which can be obtained on the basis of the projection model. Kernels per row are acquired by tracking the kernel area for each ear image, the maximum number of kernels in a row for each image is calculated as well as the average value, and the round-of number is considered as kernels per row of the ear. Kernels per ear are calculated from the valid row number, kernel number of the valid rows and corn ear rows. Average thickness of kernel is calculated according to the tracked kernel number and the total tracking path. Experiments are carried out with the high-throughput automatic measuring device for corn, and results show that the determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) of ear length, ear width and average thickness of kernel achieve 0.997 3, 0.984 and 0.941 5 respectively between the values obtained by the proposed method in this paper and that measured artificially. The measuring accuracies of number of ear rows and kernels per ear are 98.63% and 95.35%, respectively, which meet the requirements of corn parameters measurement during maize breeding. The proposed method also provides a new train of thought for the extraction of corn ear parameter, and it also lays a solid foundation for the realization of automatic high-throughput device for corn.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Binary images
Controlled terms:Cameras - Crops - Efficiency - Extraction - Image denoising - Image segmentation - Parameter estimation - Throughput
Uncontrolled terms:Binarization processing - Determination coefficients - Ear parameters acquision - Ear rows - Parameter-extraction method - Parameters calculations - Projection models - Statistics and analysis
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.53e+01%, Percentage 9.86e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20184406025241
Title:Saturation correction factor improving sensible heat flux accuracy measured by ZZLAS scintillometer
Title of translation:饱和修正系数提高ZZLAS型闪烁仪测量显热通量精度
Authors:Zhang, Gong (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Jinsong (1, 2, 3); Shi, Shengjin (4); Meng, Ping (1, 2, 3); Huang, Binxiang (4); Zheng, Ning (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 100091, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing; 100091, China; (3) Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China; (4) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100093, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jinsong(zhangjs@caf.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:52-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:For the purpose of investigating the influence of saturation effect on the estimation of regional sensible heat flux by using large aperture scintillometer (LAS), a field test was conducted from August to September, 2014. The dual-optical-path BLS900 scintillometer, which possesses saturation resistance, was set as a reference, and the ZZLAS type scintillometer with aperture size of 0.075 m (LAS1) and 0.15 m (LAS2) was selected as research object. In this field test, the LAS1 was set as easily as possible to be saturated. The saturation correction coefficients calculated based on the optical propagation theory, and the real-time saturation correction coefficient calculated by BLS900 were also displayed, and the air structure parameters, heat fluxes measured from scintillometer were corrected with the coefficients in this study. Variables from LAS1 and LAS2 and that from BLS900 were compared and analyzed with fitted line, as well as root mean square error before and after correction, and F-test was also used in the test of sensible heat flux. The saturation of scintillometer is often caused by the turbulence, and the scale of turbulence is thought to the main reason. Based on the optical propagation theory, inner scale of turbulence was also taken into consideration and the saturation correction coefficient of ZZLAS scintillometer was calculated. The results from the observation were corrected, and comparisons and analysis were also made. Here are the findings. Saturation correction coefficients of LAS1 and LAS2 are 1.034 and 1.019 respectively. The real-time correction coefficients given by BLS900 range from 0.70 to 1.15 depending on the developing of turbulence. The calculated coefficient of BLS900 during 10:00-12:30 shows smaller difference with the real-time coefficients, and it is thought to be more suitable for this period. During the observation, the saturation rate of the LAS1 is 24.58% and the effective saturation correction rate is 12.87%. After correction, root mean square error of air refraction index changes from 1.003×10<sup>-13</sup>to 9.74×10<sup>-14</sup> m<sup>-2/3</sup>, while there is no change occurring in R<sup>2</sup>. There is no obvious change of the air structure parameters between LAS2 and BLS900 due to that the saturation rate of LAS2 is much less than LAS1. Sensible heat fluxes from ZZLAS type scintillometer are compared to the results from BLS900, and the root mean square error of LAS1 is 25.67 W/m<sup>2</sup>. By contrast, the saturation rate of LAS2 is 2.04% and the saturation correction rate is only 0.32%, and there is no significant difference for LAS2 before and after correction. It indicates that, the more pronounced the saturation phenomenon, the more pronounced the effect of saturation correction; this is consistent with the opinion that there is no need to do corrections when the saturation data are less than 5%. Sensible heat fluxes measured from LAS1 exceed 50 W/m<sup>2</sup>, the corrected fluxes are more close to the reference, and the system error decreases. Sensible heat fluxes from BLS900 and LAS1 are analyzed with F-test and the P value obtained is 0.15, which means there is much difference between the 2 datasets. The P value becomes to 0.004 when the saturation data are corrected with the calculated coefficient, while the P value changes to 0.06 when saturation data are corrected with the real-time coefficients. After correcting the saturation correction coefficient obtained by experiment, the error range of sensible heat flux with reference standard is 1.28-53.42 W/m<sup>2</sup>, which is closer to the reference standard than that before correction. The results of the observation over the farmland and plantation are also verified by the saturation correction method in the paper. Results also showed that the sensible heat flux observed by the scintillometer after saturation correction is closer to that of the BLS900. When saturation data of the ZZLAS type scintillometer exceed 20%, there is significant improvement on sensible heat flux after the correction with the correction coefficient calculated by the optical propagation theory.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Heat flux
Controlled terms:Errors - Evapotranspiration - Instrument errors - Light propagation - Mean square error - Saturation (materials composition) - Scintillation - Turbulence
Uncontrolled terms:Aperture averaging - Correction coefficients - Effective saturation - Large aperture scintillometers - Real-time corrections - Regional areas - Root mean square errors - Saturation phenomenons
Classification code:641.2 Heat Transfer - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.04e+00%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Percentage 3.20e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Surface_Power_Density 1.28e+00W/m2 to 5.34e+01W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 2.57e+01W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 5.00e+01W/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20184406025265
Title:Effects of temperature on metabolism function and muscle quality of grouper during process of keeping alive with water
Title of translation:温度对有水保活石斑鱼代谢与鱼肉品质的影响
Authors:Fan, Xiuping (1); Qin, Xiaoming (1); Zhang, Chaohua (1, 2); Chen, Jianping (1); Zhu, Qianfeng (1); Chen, Pengwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang; 524088, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center for the Development and Utilization of Biological Resources in the South China Sea, Guangzhou; 510275, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Xiaoming(758983196@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:241-248
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of temperature treatment on the metabolism function and muscle quality of grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂Epinephelus lanceolatus) before and after keeping alive with water for 72 h. Groupers with body weight of 503±31 g were cultured in laboratory without feeding for 48 h, then treated by temperature reduction to 13-14 ℃ at the rate of 2 ℃/h, and then kept alive at 15, 20, 25 ℃. According to the survival rate at different temperatures, the changes of water quality, blood biochemistry, metabolic enzyme activity and muscle quality were compared before and after keeping alive for 72 h. The results indicated that the survival rates of the groups at 15, 20, 25 ℃ after preservation for 96 h were 100%, 75% and 17%, respectively. The respiration rate was decreased as the temperature dropped, low temperature preservation (15 ℃) significantly reduced the contents of metabolites in the water, and the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) yield in the 15 ℃ group decreased by 38.12%-57.76% compared with the 25 ℃ group. The results showed that low temperature could slow the deterioration of water quality by reducing the respiratory metabolism of fish and reducing the content of TAN and non-ionic ammonia nitrogen in water. The serum cortisol and blood glucose content were increased significantly in the hibernation group (P<0.05). After keeping alive for 72 h, the serum cortisol concentration in the 15 ℃ group decreased significantly, while the blood glucose concentration was higher than that in the 25 ℃ group (P<0.05). The results showed that hypothermia could decrease the stress response and induce the "hyperglycemia symptom" of fish during the keeping alive progress. After 72 h preservation, the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and creatine kinase activities in the 15 ℃ group showed no significant change (P>0.05); lactate dehydrogenase activity, the level of serum usea nitrogen, uric acid, and total protein increased, while triglyceride concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05). The contents of glycogen and crude fat in muscle decreased by 32.50% and 36.32% respectively, while the content of moisture, crude protein, lactic acid, and water holding capacity, and pH value had no significant change in the 15 ℃ group (P>0.05). The muscle quality in the 15 ℃ group was better than that in the 25 ℃ group. The results suggested that after the keeping alive at 25 ℃, the metabolism function of the grouper was increased by enhancing the activity of metabolic enzymes, which led to the deterioration of muscle quality. The dormant fish could maintain low metabolic level at 15 ℃ and improve survival ability. Therefore the most appropriate temperature for keeping alive of grouper is about 15 ℃ during the long-distance transport. The results provide a reference for the transport of grouper.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Blood - Cortisol - Deterioration - Enzyme activity - Fish - Glucose - Lactic acid - Metabolism - Muscle - Nitrogen - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Blood glucose concentration - Blood serum - Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase - Lactate dehydrogenase activities - Long-distance transport - Low temperatures - Physio-chemical properties - Total ammonia nitrogens
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 3.25e+01%, Percentage 3.63e+01%, Percentage 3.81e+01% to 5.78e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 2.59e+05s, Time 3.46e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20184406025236
Title:Design and test of pneumatic 1JH-2 style straw deep burying and returning machine
Title of translation:气力式1JH-2型秸秆深埋还田机设计与试验
Authors:Tian, Yang (1); Lin, Jing (1); Li, Baofa (1); Zhang, Tongjia (1); Qi, Lin (1); Wang, Jiaqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Collage of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Jing(synydxlj69@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:10-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In Northeast black soil region, people always use small power equipment as their main mode in agricultural production at present, and deep tillage and subsoiling operation area is less and less, leading to the problems of shallow soil, plough layer thickened, reducing the number of effective soil layers, soil structure becoming poor, water storage capacity and adversity resistance weakened. It seriously restricts the increase of corn yield. Constructing reasonable plowing mode is the main way to solve the problem of "shallow, compact and less" cropland in the dry farming area of Northeast China. Therefore, it is an effective way to prevent soil degradation and increase grain yield by changing tillage measures to construct reasonable plough layer. The deep straw returning to the field and the "straw belt tight intercropping and loosening" plowing mode are used to achieve the soil improvement by embedding the straw on the surface between the rows and the seedling zone. It also has the advantages of deep burial of straw and the pattern of inter-row subsoiling in the plough layer, which is an important mode for the construction of soil fertile plough layer. The pneumatic 1JH-2 style straw deep burying and returning machine is mainly composed of rack, drive system, stubble breaking device, pickup pulverizing device, conveying device, ditching device, soil covering device, repressing device, and so on. Pneumatic conveying device is arranged at the rear of pickup pulverizing device, and it is mainly composed of auger, blower, pipeline and discharging pipe. A ditching device is installed under the dragline and the discharge pipe. The soil covering device which is composed of 2 cladding plates and the repressing device are installed at the rear of the unloading pipeline. It can finish straw pickup, ditching, deep straw burial, soil covering, and so on. The pickup pulverizing device pulverized the stubble and crushed straw on the surface by high velocity rotation and threw it into the conveying device to realize the crushing and collection. The working processes can be carried out in one operation, such as breaking stubble, picking up straw to smash, opening trenches and crushing soil, deep loosening between rows, deep burial of straw, compacting, and so on. The conveying device, which is one of the key components, is mainly composed of fan blade, wind machine shell, conveying pipe, discharging pipe and screw conveyor. After crushing, the pickup crushing device throws the crushed straw into the screw conveyor, which pushes the straw to the fan as the conveying device working. Then, the straw is thrown to conveying pipe with high velocity revolution fan blade, and the straw goes through the conveying pipe and discharging pipe under a certain initial velocity of airflow. At last, the straw is fed into the straw deep burial ditch behind the ditching device from the fan lies in the left side of the machine.. The motion process of straw in pneumatic conveying system at different velocity was numerically simulated by using the dynamic effect model with computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD). The results show that the minimum velocity of straw is 5.39 m/s, the velocity at exit is 6.27 m/s, and the velocity of air flow is 2-28 m/s at the rotational velocity of 1 850 r/min. The field test shows that, when the operating velocity is 3 km/h, the ditching width is 400 mm, the amount of straw is 1.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and the ditching depth is 270 mm, the straw buried rate is 94%, the pass rate is 94.2%, the soil breaking rate is about 95.4%, and the buried depth reaches 200 mm; the technical indicators of stable operation can meet the technical requirements of agricultural machinery. This machine can realize the combined operation of stubble and straw pulverization, deep burial of straw and deep loosening between lines. It can enhance soil porosity, improve soil moisture and enhance soil organic matter, which can create good soil environment conditions for dryland sowing in Northeast China.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Crushing - Design - Machine design - Pickups - Pipelines - Plants (botany) - Pneumatic conveyors - Pneumatics - Porosity - Screw conveyors - Screws - Soil moisture - Testing - Two phase flow - Unloading - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Deep buried backfield - Pneumatic conveying system - Reasonable plough layer - Soil organic matters - Technical indicator - Technical requirement - Water storage capacity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.3 Pneumatics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 692.1 Conveyors - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.85e+03RPM, Size 2.70e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Surface_Density 1.60e+00kg/m2, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s to 2.80e+01m/s, Velocity 5.39e+00m/s, Velocity 6.27e+00m/s, Velocity 8.33e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20184406025237
Title:Sensing device improvement and communication design on sowing monitoring system of precision planter for rapeseed
Title of translation:油菜精量直播机播种监测系统传感装置改进及通信设计
Authors:Ding, Youchun (1, 2); Zhang, Lili (1, 2); Yang, Junqiang (1, 2); Zhu, Kai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:19-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sowing is a very important link in the process of agricultural production, and it is essential to make it timely, appropriate and meet agronomic environmental conditions according to the requirements of agricultural technology, so that crops can get a good foundation for growth. Precision planter for rapeseed can complete the ditching, stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, precision sowing, fertilization, soil covering and other operations, and it is widely used because of its high operating speed and high working efficiency. When the rapeseeds are sown, the flow process of rapeseeds is in a closed room, the color of rapeseed is similar with the color of soil, and the precision sowing index of rapeseed is mainly indirectly obtained through the change of the seed quantity in the seed box or through the speed of the seed metering device and the number of the type holes of the disks. Therefore, a set of sowing monitoring system for precision planter for rapeseed is designed to achieve sowing performance and sowing statistics in the process of rapeseed sowing. It is one of the trends to achieve transparency, informatization and intelligentization in sowing link. In recent years, many sowing monitoring systems for precision combined direct planter studied by experts at home and abroad were mainly used for the seed of large and medium size, such as corn and soybean. In this paper, the sowing monitoring system for precision combined direct planter is designed for rapeseed. The monitoring system is composed of multirow rapeseed flows sensing device and monitoring display terminal. Six rapeseed flow sensing devices are installed at the appropriate positions that are under 6 precision seeders on precision planter for rapeseed respectively to detect rapeseed flows. The weak voltage signals produced by rapeseed impacting on the piezoelectric film are processed by signal conditioning circuit, and then the seed pulse sequence corresponding to the seed flow is formed. Time capture interrupt program and timing counting program of MSP430F149 singlechip system in seed flow sensing device for rapeseed are used to record the metering time interval sequence of rapeseed flow, the metering frequency and the amount of metering, and the average time interval of seeding was calculated and used as the standard time interval of seeding. Through the national standard GB/T 6973-2005 (Testing methods of single seed drill (precision drill)), we got the leakage index and the qualified index of sowing. Then the data were sent to the sowing monitoring display terminal device wirelessly in "many to one" way, and the monitoring and display terminal single chip microcomputer system analyzed and processed the data and then displayed them through liquid crystal display screen in real time, including the multirow sowing monitoring and performance detection information and the sowing frequency curve for each row, so as to realize the real-time monitoring and the calculation of sowing quantity for precision planter for rapeseed. A polling data transfer protocol of response mode was designed to achieve reliability, fault tolerance and accuracy in data transmission, and the sowing monitoring system was tested. The results of bench test and field test of sowing monitoring system showed that the seeding monitoring system is stable and reliable, the monitoring accuracy of sowing quality is above 96%, and the data transmission is accurate, the transmission distance is about 60 m, which can meet the need of sowing monitoring, and provide effective technical support for the formation of sowing state diagram of rapeseed.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Data communication systems - Data transfer - Design - Drills - Environmental technology - Fault tolerance - Infill drilling - Liquid crystal displays - Machine design - Oilseeds - Signal conditioning circuits - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural technologies - Environmental conditions - Liquid crystal display screens - Performance detections - Precision planter for rapeseed - Rapeseed flow - Single chip microcomputers
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.60e+01%, Size 6.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20184406025252
Title:Identification and classification of rainfall erosivity variation based on Hurst and correlation coefficient
Title of translation:基于Hurst指数与相关系数的降雨侵蚀力变异识别与分级方法
Authors:Qian, Feng (1, 2); Dong, Linyao (2); Huang, Jiesheng (1); Liu, Honghu (2); Han, Pei (2); Sun, Bei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Soil and Water Conservation Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan; 430010, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Jiesheng(jshuanga@public.wh.hb.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:140-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The spatial distributions and temporal trends of rainfall erosivity are critical for accurately assessing soil erosion rates, especially under the circumstances of climate change. Temporal trends of rainfall erosivity have been noted by researchers. However, reports on the methods for temporal changes of rainfall erosivity, especially the comprehensive comparison of its components (trend, jump, periodicity, and so on), are still lacking, which reduces the accuracy of assessing soil erosion risk. The single test method of rainfall erosivity series showed large uncertainties. Through the comprehensive test methods, the most reliable components could be extracted, which was an effective way to reduce the uncertainty. In this study, a joint analysis method for rainfall erosivity series based on Hurst and correlation coefficient was proposed. Firstly, the Hurst coefficient of rainfall erosivity series was calculated, and the variation was divided into 3 intervals: no variation, weak variation and strong variation. The variation components were analyzed by a variety of test methods, and correlation analysis was conducted between the variation components and the original rainfall erosivity series to extract the variation component with the largest correlation coefficient. Then this component was eliminated, and the above steps were repeated, until all the variation components were removed from the series. Finally, the original rainfall erosivity series would be a combination of random series and the variation components. In practical applications, long-term daily rainfall data from 1961 to 2013 or 2014 in 174 national weather stations were assembled to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of annual rainfall erosivity across the Yangtze River basin. Kendall rank correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test were employed to detect the temporal trends. Sliding run test, Mann-Kendall test and Bayes test were employed to detect the jump variations. Fourier (cumulative variance chart), power spectral density and simple partial wave method were employed to detect the periodic variations. The results showed that: 1) A total of 130 stations in the 174 meteorological stations were not affected by human activities, and there was no significant variation. There were 31 stations with weak variation, and 13 stations with strong variation. Stations with rainfall erosivity variation increased from southwest to northeast, which was consistent with the trend of precipitation, and these stations were mainly located in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 2) The average annual rainfall erosivity in the Yangtze River basin was 6041.2 MJ•mm/(hm<sup>2</sup>•h). Long-term average annual rainfall erosivity decreased from east to west, ranging from 110.7 to 15 799.9 MJ•mm/(hm<sup>2</sup>•h). The value of average annual rainfall erosivity increased with the increase of longitude. There was no significant relationship between rainfall erosivity and latitude. 3) A representative weather station (Fengjie, Chongqing) was selected for a comprehensive test. Results of the test verified the feasibility of the proposed method, and also showed that the results calculated from the single test method were uncertain. Based on Hurst and correlation coefficient analysis, the variation degree of annual rainfall erosivity series in Fengjie was strong, and the variation forms were periodic and jump variations, in which the compound period was 5 and 16 a, and the downward jump point was in 2011. This method was derived from Hurst coefficient and the relationship between correlation coefficient and variation components, and could grade the levels of variation in rainfall erosivity series. The results provide valuable information for soil erosion prediction.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Climate change - Erosion - Risk assessment - Rivers - Soils - Spectral density - Testing - Watersheds - Weather information services
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive comparisons - Correlation coefficient - Hurst coefficient - Middle and lower reaches of the yangtze rivers - Rainfall erosivity - Spatial and temporal patterns - Spatial and temporal variation - Spearman rank correlation
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20184406025253
Title:Improving remote sensing estimation accuracy of pasture crude protein content by interval analysis
Title of translation:区间优化提高牧草粗蛋白含量遥感估算精度
Authors:Zhang, Aiwu (1, 2); Guo, Chaofan (1, 2); Yan, Wenyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Chaofan(guochao881016@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:149-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crude protein is the key indication for evaluation of the quality and feeding value of pasture grass. Estimating crude protein content of pasture grass is necessary for monitoring grassland nutrition status, sustainable utilization and management of grassland resources, eventually preventing grassland degradation. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology is supplied as a new approach for scientists to study properties and processes of ecosystems and their inner biochemical content variation. In view of the limitation of ground remote sensing and astronautics remote sensing, we try to construct estimation model of pasture crude protein content based on the hyperspectral aerial airship imaging system, in order to meet the application needs of smart animal husbandry. In view of the uncertainty problems of traditional biochemical parameter inversion models and practical application needs in agriculture and animal husbandry production, we propose a multi-step pasture crude protein content estimation model, which combined the equal width interval division method, stepwise discriminant analysis and Fisher discriminant method. An experiment was designed to determine whether pasture crude protein content could be predicted by means of the developed strategy. Jinyintan grassland, a typical prairie in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province was chosen as the research area. The hyperspectral data were acquired with the hyperspectral mapping system installed on an airship (named ASQ-HAA380), which was developed by our research group. Pasture crude protein samples were collected at the same time and analyzed in Qinghai University. The results show that the proposed model can accurately estimate the crude protein content of pasture. The test accuracy of the 3 models with different interval numbers (3, 5, and 7) for all samples is 95%, 95% and 85% respectively, while their corresponding cross-check accuracy is 90%, 80% and 65% respectively. Compared with the traditional stepwise linear regression method, the estimation accuracy also has a great improvement (overall test accuracy is increased by 18.7%-70%, and cross test accuracy is increased by 20%-62.5%). The selected bands of the 3 models with different interval numbers (3, 5, and 7) are 870, 815, 802, 737, 391 nm; 988, 391, 398, 405, 548 nm; and 870, 815, 946, 888, 839 nm respectively. In addition, we can adjust content interval range according to different application requirements. And our experimental results indicate that the model accuracy is inversely proportional to interval number. In general, this paper has successfully realized the accurate estimation of the crude protein content of pasture with hyperspectral aerial airship imaging data, which provides reference and technical basis for quantitative estimation of crude protein content and efficient implementation of precision livestock husbandry based on hyperspectral images, and also lays the foundation for the development of intelligent livestock husbandry in the future.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Airships - Animals - Antennas - Discriminant analysis - Hyperspectral imaging - Independent component analysis - Linear regression - Proteins - Quality control - Remote sensing - Spectroscopy - Uncertainty analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Application requirements - Hyperspectral remote sensing technology - Interval analysis - Pasture - Remote sensing estimations - Spetrum analysis - Stepwise discriminant analysis - Stepwise linear regression
Classification code:652.5 Balloons and Gliders - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.87e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 6.25e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 8.39e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20184406025263
Title:Parameter optimization of preparation for biogas slurry based water-soluble liquid fertilizer containing humic acid
Title of translation:沼液基含腐植酸水溶性液体肥制取工艺参数优化
Authors:Cheng, Hongsheng (1, 2); Zhang, Yuhua (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Zhan, Shijie (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yuhua(zhangyuhua@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:227-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water-soluble liquid fertilizer containing humic acid is one of the important directions of liquid fertilizer development in the future. It not only has the high utilization efficiency and the abilities of water saving, environmental protection and increasing production, but also has the functions of enhancing plant resistance, promoting flower bud differentiation and development, and improving the quality of crops. According to the analysis, 90% of the nutrients of livestock and poultry manure and straw were preserved after biogas fermentation, and about 1/3 of nutrients entered biogas slurry. Using biogas liquid to develop liquid fertilizer could alleviate the problem of methane elimination and save water resources, besides producing high quality liquid fertilizer. In order to explore the feasible method for the development of water-soluble liquid fertilizer containing humic acid, in this paper, biogas slurry, formula fertilizer of cucumber, chelating agent, and stabilizer were used as the main raw materials, and the effects of different process parameters (amount of biogas slurry, amount of stabilizer, amount of chelating agent, reaction temperature and reaction time) on the performance of water-soluble liquid fertilizer containing humic acid were studied. The results showed that amount of biogas slurry, amount of chelating agent, amount of stabilizer, reaction temperature and reaction time had an important effect on the content of water insoluble substance in liquid fertilizer containing humic acid. In the case of the addition of certain amount of biogas solution, the impact importance of each factor was additive amount of stabilizer > reaction temperature > additive amount of chelating agent > reaction time. Adjusting amount of chelating agent, amount of stabilizer, reaction temperature and reaction time could reduce the concentration of water insoluble matter to a certain extent, and improve the total nutrient concentration in the liquid fertilizer. The excellent process parameters for preparing water-soluble liquid fertilizer were formula fertilizer of cucumber accounting for 39.6% of mixed material, biogas slurry 59%, stabilizer 0.4%, chelating agent 4%, reaction temperature of 40℃, and reaction time of 1.5 h. Under such conditions, the content of total nutrient was 220.47 g/L, humic acid was 33.25 g/L and insoluble matter was 18.6 g/L. The full utilization of biogas slurry was an important guarantee for the sustainable operation of biogas projects. From another point of view, under the premise of meeting the basic quality standard of liquid fertilizer, it was also of great practical significance to achieve maximum utilization of biogas slurry. The method not only realizes the full utilization of biogas slurry, but also has the advantages of high content of humic acid and nitrogen. It provides technical support for developing high quality water-soluble liquid fertilizer containing humic acid using biogas slurry.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogas - Biological materials - Chelation - Liquid methane - Liquids - Nutrients - Optimization - Organic acids - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas slurry - Flower bud differentiations - Humic acid - Liquid fertilizers - Nutrient concentrations - Parameter optimization - Sustainable operations - Watersoluble
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.86e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.20e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.32e+01kg/m3, Percentage 3.96e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Time 5.40e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20184406025268
Title:Bill of lots combined with Petri tracing model improving traceability of wheat flour processing
Title of translation:批次清单结合Petri网追溯模型提高小麦粉加工过程追溯精度
Authors:Wang, Shanshan (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Chunjiang (1, 2, 3); Qian, Jianping (2, 3); Wu, Baoguo (1); Chen, Dong (1); Song, Yingzhuo (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Traceability, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Chunjiang(zhaocj@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:263-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of information technology and people's awareness of food safety, traceability information technology has become an indispensable technology and tool for food and agricultural enterprises to handle quality and safety accidents, achieve product traceability, and solve the problem of defective products in time. Grain has a strategic position in China. The Chinese government and people have attached importance to the quality and safety of food. Wheat flour was one of the main grain products. However, the wheat flour processing was a complex technique, which was made up of many links, and had complicated batch mixing. Due to these characteristics, the traceability information of wheat flour quality and safety was crossed and it was difficult to trace the single individual. Most of the current tracing methods were not suitable for wheat flour traceability. Therefore, there was a pressing need to improve the precision of wheat flour tracing and solve its quality and safety problems by using raw materials and product batches as traceability units in wheat flour traceability. First of all, through case investigation, the processing flow of wheat flour was summarized, and the key nodes and traceability information affecting the quality and safety of wheat flour in the process were analyzed in this study. Then, the concept of batch list was introduced and the construction process was improved. The composition relationship and activity process of wheat flour and raw materials batch were analyzed. The relevant parameters in the production line such as flow volume and storage capacity were added to build and update the batch list based on the node processing time. Gozintograph method was used for data storage. The construction process and information tracing of BOL (bill of lots) were described in detail, which can achieve the accurate tracing of product information and key node activity information. On the basis of BOL's "parent-child" node, the location of wheat flour quality traceability points, hazard indicators, and structural relationships between nodes were clearly described using fishbone maps. The fishbone map was transformed into Petri net to construct the Petri net model of quality and safety relationship during wheat flour processing. The information that affected wheat flour quality and safety in wheat flour processing, such as laboratory results and environment conditions, was decomposed and quantified. The entire process of quality tracking hazard change was expressed by defining Petri Net's six-tuple. The dynamic characteristics of Petri net were used to estimate the pathway of hazard propagation, and the efficiency was improved. The batch list of wheat flour was constructed by using practical cases to prove the accuracy of Petri net and the feasibility of the tracing method. The results showed that BOL can analyze material batch information and activity information, and trace the information of wheat flour processing. By using the tracing model for wheat flour processing based on BOL and Petri, the number of recalled batches was reduced from 7 to 4 and the number of hazards searched was reduced from 6 to 5 compared to the traditional method. The Petri net model can quickly and effectively predict the hazard propagation pathway and improve the tracing accuracy of wheat flour and the efficiency of defects recalling. The results provide theoretical support for the traceability of grain and other small-sized products, as well as the information technology of traceability for related production enterprises.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Construction - Defects - Digital storage - Efficiency - Food safety - Hazards - Models - Petri nets - Supply chains
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural enterprise - Dynamic characteristics - Materials and products - Processing time - Structural relationship - Traceability - Traceability information - Wheat flours
Classification code:405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20184406025255
Title:Recognition of weeds at seedling stage in paddy fields using multi-feature fusion and deep belief networks
Title of translation:基于多特征融合和深度置信网络的稻田苗期杂草识别
Authors:Deng, Xiangwu (1); Qi, Long (1); Ma, Xu (1); Jiang, Yu (1, 2); Chen, Xueshen (1); Liu, Haiyun (1); Chen, Weifeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Modern Educational Technology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Qi, Long(qilong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:165-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Weed identification was the key to the site-specific weed management in the field. The machine vision method was adopted to realize automatic and rapid detection of weeds. This paper selected 6 weed species in paddy fields, including Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eclipta prostrata, Ludwigia adscendens, Sagittaria trifolia, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Leptochloa chinensis, which were captured in early growth stages with natural background and variable illumination. A total of 928 images were taken. The Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eclipta prostrata, and Ludwigia adscendens were dicotyledonous weeds which had large heart-shaped opposite leaves, and the other 3 weed species were monocotyledonous weeds which had narrow leaves. The image was 640×480 pixels and only a single seedling of weed was in the scene, and the acquisition format was color images of RGB (red, green, blue). The component with 1.1G-R was applied to gray level transformation of original RGB images. The OTSU adaptive segmentation method was adopted to realize the image segmentation of grayscale image. The morphological operation was used to fill vacancies in weed images. The noises and small target were eliminated based on area-reconstruction operator. The background was removed by masking algorithm between binary image and original RGB images. The 101-dimensional features were extracted from the foreground image of weed, including color, shape and texture feature. The color feature was composed of the first, second and third moments, the shape feature was composed of geometric features and improved moment invariant features, and the texture feature was composed of gray level co-occurrence matrix and local binary patterns (LBP) feature. The weighting matrix of color, shape and texture feature would be the input parameter after unitary processing. A three-step method for model updating consisting of model structure tuning, model parameter updating and model validation was presented in this article. Firstly, the deep belief networks (DBNs) of double hidden layers and single hidden layer were established. Secondly, the influence of the 3 types of constant, rising and descending nodes of double hidden layers in DBN was analyzed. The experimental result showed that the descending nodes of double hidden layers in DBN could learn the distributed characteristics of the original characteristic data better than the other node types of double hidden layers. Finally, the testing optimization parameters of double hidden layers and single hidden layer were obtained by experiment. The recognition rate of double hidden layers of DBN was 83.55% when the number of nodes stood at 101-210-55-6, and the recognition rate of single hidden layer of DBN was 91.13% when the number of nodes stood at 101-200-6. The DBN structure of single hidden layer was better able to excavate the distribution rule of weed features than DBN with double hidden layer. The single color, shape, texture and fusion feature were used to construct 3 types of weed classification models, which were support vector machine (SVM), BP (back propagation) neural network and DBN. In the experiment, the recogniton rate of DBN model with single color and shape feature was lower than that of the SVM and BP neural network model. The dimensions of color and shape feature were relatively small, which could not reflect the advantage of characteristic representation with DBN. On the other hand, the recognition of DBN model with single texture and fusion feature was more accurate than that of the SVM and BP neural network model, and the recognition rate of DBN model reached 86.58% and 91.13% with single texture and fusion feature, respectively. The results demonstrate that the method put forward in the paper can improve the classification accuracy of weeds with the complex background and variable illumination in paddy fields.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Binary images - Color - Computer vision - Feature extraction - Image processing - Image segmentation - Mathematical morphology - Matrix algebra - Neural networks - Plants (botany) - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive segmentation method - Alternanthera philoxeroides - BP (back propagation) neural network - Deep belief network (DBN) - Distributed characteristics - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - Local binary pattern (LBP) - Multi-feature fusion
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 921.1 Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.35e+01%, Percentage 8.66e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20184406025256
Title:Self-adaptive segmentation method of cotton in natural scene by combining improved Otsu with ELM algorithm
Title of translation:改进Otsu算法与ELM融合的自然场景棉桃自适应分割方法
Authors:Wang, Jian (1, 2); Zhou, Qin (1, 2); Yin, Aijun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing; 400044, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing; 400044, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:173-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to segment cotton from background accurately and quickly under the unstructured natural environment, an improved scene adaptive optimization segmentation algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the traditional Otsu algorithm was adopted for cotton segmentation by analyzing the rule of gray histogram distribution of images acquired. During each segmentation of cotton image, the background pixel was set to zero and the gray histogram distribution of the target pixel was analyzed after segmented. The segmentation stopped when the histogram distribution appeared to be a steep unimodal distribution and the final segmentation threshold was the optimized threshold. There were still some background pixels in the segmentation results in the first step. Therefore, secondly, a threshold selection rule was utilized to segment cotton from background based on the statistical analysis of the RGB (red, green, blue) values. Cotton pixels were then extracted after morphology processing. Thirdly, cotton pixels with the RGB values were labeled as positive samples, and then background pixels with the same number of cotton were labeled as negative samples. The feature vectors which the positive and the negative samples shared in common were removed to improve the accuracy. A large-scale training samples were obtained automatically by using previous steps. In the fourth step, the samples were used to train the ELM (extreme learning machine) classification model for cotton segmentation. In the fifth step, the RGB values of all pixels in the test images were normalized and passed to the classification model and the output value will be 1 if the pixels belong to the cotton, or 0 if the pixels belong to the background. Another morphological procedure was employed to remove the noise segments of the output results. In the final step, the centroids of the connected regions which had a roundness of greater than 0.3 were extracted. If the pixel distance between 2 centroids was less than 40 pixels, a new centroid position was returned as a two-point center, so that some incomplete parts separated by the leaf were connected. Then the unsupervised sampling and segmentation of cotton under the unstructured light environment were achieved and the coordinates of cotton were derived. The algorithm proposed in this paper was verified by cotton segmentation experiment. The original datasets were collected on both sunny and cloudy days in the cotton breeding station located in Sanya, Hainan, China. The training datasets were composed of labeled samples generated from 20 images, 10 from sunny day and 10 from cloudy day. Another 60 images, 30 from sunny day and 30 from cloudy day, constituted the testing datasets. For each image in testing datasets, the accuracy is determined by the comparison of numbers between identified cotton and actual cotton. By applying the proposed method, the cotton was identified after segmentation. The average processing time is 0.58 s and the average recognition rates for the images on sunny and cloudy day were 94.18% and 97.56%, respectively. A comparison analysis was conducted between the proposed method and popular methods under Windows 10 64bits with an Intel Core i7-7400 CPU 3.00 GHz, 12 GB RAM, and MATLAB R2016a. For the segmentation of images on sunny day, accuracies by applying the proposed method, SVM (support vector machine) and BP (back propagation) with only RGB features as training samples were 94.57%, 77% and 83.35%, respectively. And the segmentation time was 0.58, 177.31 and 6.52 s, respectively. Accuracies by applying the proposed method, SVM and BP with Tamura texture and RGB features as training samples were 75.68%, 80.54% and 86.17%, respectively. And the segmentation time was 467.87, 678.35 and 551.01 s, respectively. The segmentation results of images on cloudy day were much like that on sunny days except slightly higher in accuracy. The results indicate that the proposed method exceeds popular methods in segmentation speed and accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method avoids texture feature extraction for each pixel, which guarantees better real-time performance.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Cotton - Crops - Graphic methods - Image analysis - Knowledge acquisition - Pixels - Sampling - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:ELM (extreme learning machine) - Extreme learning machine - Image recoginiton - Otsu algorithm - Segmentation algorithms - Self adaptation - SVM(support vector machine) - Texture feature extraction
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.00e+09Hz, Percentage 7.57e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 8.05e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.62e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+01%, Percentage 9.46e+01%, Percentage 9.76e+01%, Time 1.77e+02s, Time 5.51e+02s, Time 5.80e-01s, Time 6.52e+00s, Time 6.78e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.14.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
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友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普