<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20183705791978
Title:Rapid detection of water-holding capacity in beef using color senor and genetic algorithm
Authors:Wang, Xiaodan (1); Wu, Ruijia (1); Xu, Liping (1); Wang, Ying (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130062, China; (2) College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:293-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to achieve the fast and efficient detection of water-holding capacity in meat products, this paper developed a rapid method to detect water-holding capacity in beef using color sensor and genetic algorithm. First of all, the beef was cut into samples with size of 4 cm × 1 cm × 0.5 cm. Then test paper, decorated by cobalt chloride, could change its color when it attached sample. The color can establish a certain relationship to water-holding capacity of the sample. However, it is not easy to judge the changed color of test paper by naked eye. Therefore, color sensor was applied to convert the detected color's spectrum into specific color parameters, which was manipulated by Arduino controller. Pressure method, as a traditional way to measure water-holding capacity in meat products, is precise but it costs more time and wastes more material. To establish a neural network prediction model of water-holding capacity, this paper set the color parameters as the input vector and set the water-holding capacity measured by the pressure method as the output value. Experimental data derived from 80 samples, which included 60 training samples and 20 testing samples. The back propagation (BP) neural network was trained by 60 samples. Besides, the accuracy of BP neural network was verified by 20 samples. However, the BP neural network had the deficiencies of insufficient network global research ability, slow convergence and local optimum iteration. The genetic algorithm optimized the weights and thresholds in BP neural network, and thus enhanced the accuracy of prediction. The fitness function of genetic algorithm was the sum of square error. After 100 iterations, the best fitness function was obtained. The weights and thresholds optimized by the genetic algorithm were put into the BP neural network, the BP neural network was retrained and the accuracy was tested. The result showed that the optimum attachment time of test paper was 20 s. The optimized BP neural network model based on genetic algorithm had a better ability for nonlinear approach. The determination coefficient of the regression line is 0.987, and the slope of the best linear regression equation is 0.96. This showed that the deviation between the predicted value and the actual measurement value of the BP neural network optimized by the genetic algorithm is very small. Thus the optimization of the model is successful. The prediction accuracy of the BP neural network model was improved from 90% to 95% after being optimized by genetic algorithm. Compared with the pressure method, using color sensor not only greatly shortened the detection time, but also reduced the waste of resources in the detection process. What was more, the cost of color sensor method was lower than NIR (near infrared) spectroscopy method. The predicted results from the optimized BP neural network based on genetic algorithm were better than BP neural network. This detection method is fast and accurate and has low cost. The results provide a reference for further development of intelligent detection equipment for meat products.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Iterative methods
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Beef - Chlorine compounds - Cobalt compounds - Color - Forecasting - Genetic algorithms - Infrared devices - Models - Moisture - Neural networks - Sensors - Spectroscopic analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Back propagation neural networks - Best fitness function - BP neural network model - Determination coefficients - Linear regression equation - Neural network prediction model - Rapid detection - Water holding capacity
Classification code:723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 822.3 Food Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01% to 9.50e+01%, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20183705791966
Title:Simulation on operation efficiency and pollutant emissions of coal-fired boiler with bio-gas co-firing
Authors:Zhang, Xiaotao (1); Li, Keying (1); Zhao, Wei (1); Huang, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450011, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:194-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a kind of rich renewable energy in China, biomass has become an important research direction for energy conservation and emission reduction and sustainable development. Most of biomass utilization can be used to generate power. In recent years, biomass co-firing with coal combustion technology has been widely developed. Because biomass gasification technology is more mature and has many applications, the biomass gas co-firing technology in a coal-fired boiler becomes the new research direction of biomass which can be used to generate electricity. Additionally, as one of the most abundant biomass energy in China, straw is the main object in this thesis. Meanwhile, the different combustion characteristics of straw gas and coal entail certain changes in combustion process and pollutant emissions. In order to solve the problem of boiler operation caused by biomass fuel performance during the direct co-firing of biomass and coal, the co-firing process of biomass gas and coal is introduced, and based on the design and operation data of a 330MW pulverized coal boiler, the models of straw gasification and straw gas co-firing with coal were established by Aspen Plus, and the models were reasonably verified. Due to that the fuel characteristics of biomass have changed after the biomass gasification, the influence of coal-fired boiler co-firing straw gas on boiler operation performance and the change of pollutants were studied, so as to provide valuable reference for research work of biomass used in boiler co-firing. The whole model consists of the following 3 processes: the gasification process of straw, in which the air is selected as gasification agent and straw gas and straw ash will be obtained from the gasifier and the energy conservation will be realized in this process; the co-firing process of straw gas and coal in coal-fired boiler; the heat exchange process of heat transfer in tail. In this whole process, the heat exchange between the medium in super-heater, re-heater, economizer and air pre-heater and the flue gases and the air leakage in the furnace exit and economizer tail were taken into account. Meanwhile, in order to guarantee the stable operation of the boiler, under the conditions of the constant total calorific value entering the boiler system, the combustion processes cases, such as straw gas (produced by the condition of the best air to biomass ratio which ensures the highest gasification efficiency) co-firing ratio changing from 10% to 30% and straw moisture content changing from 5% to 30%, excess air ratio changing from 1 to 1.25, and the pure coal combustion were simulated, and then the change rules of the performance and pollutant emissions at the air pre-heater outlet were studied. The results show that, compared with pure coal combustion case, when the straw gas co-firing ratio and straw moisture content increase from 10% to 30%, the furnace combustion temperature decreases gradually and drops by 89.3℃ to the greatest extent, the flue gases density increases gradually, and the flue gas mass flow rate decreases at 10% straw moisture content cases with the increase of co-firing ratio and the rise of straw moisture content. Meanwhile, the flue gas temperature decreases by 1.87℃, but the temperature increases with the rise of co-firing ratio and reaches 11.78℃ at the most extent. Meanwhile, the boiler efficiency change range is 92.72%-93.71% and the system efficiency (the whole process efficiency including biomass syngas generated from gasifier and biomass syngas co-firing in the boiler) change range is 88.75%-92.62% when straw gas co-firing ratio is changing from 10% to 30% and straw moisture content is changing from 5% to 30%. Therefore, the influence of the co-firing process on the boiler efficiency is slight when co-firing ratio and moisture content change within the range of 30%, which provides the possibility for the high efficient utilization of straw. Additionally, NO and SO<inf>2</inf> emission concentration at outlet of the air pre-heater decreases gradually with the increase of co-firing ratio from 10% to 30%, and when the furnace excess air ratio changes from 1 to 1.25 under the condition of 10% co-firing ratio, NO emission concentration increases firstly and then decreases slightly, while SO<inf>2</inf> emission concentration decreases gradually, and the drop reaches a maximum of 1 052.6 and 219.8 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup> respectively for NO and SO<inf>2</inf> at the 30% straw moisture content and 30% co-firing ratio.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Coal combustion
Controlled terms:Biomass - Boiler firing - Boilers - Coal - Coal fired boilers - Computer software - Density of gases - Drops - Economizers - Efficiency - Emission control - Energy conservation - Flue gases - Flues - Fossil fuel power plants - Furnaces - Gas emissions - Gasification - Heat transfer - Moisture - Moisture determination - Polymer blends - Pulverized fuel - Pulverized fuel fired boilers - Straw - Synthesis gas
Uncontrolled terms:ASPEN PLUS - Combustion characteristics - Energy conservation and emission reductions - Gasification efficiency - Heat exchange process - Operation efficiencies - Pollutant emission - Pulverized coal boilers
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 614 Steam Power Plants - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 8.88e+01% to 9.26e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01% to 9.37e+01%, Power 3.30e+08W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20183705791943
Title:Design and experiment of rice precision metering device with sowing amountstepless adjusting
Authors:Wang, Zaiman (1); Huang, Yichun (1); Wang, Baolong (1); Zhang, Minghua (1); Ma, Yuexin (1); Ke, Xinrong (1); Luo, Xiwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:9-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In Europe and America, Australia and other developed countries, rice planting is mainly based on mechanical direct sowing, and these countries have realized the whole process agricultural mechanization. In recent years, with the development of rice variety selection, supporting agronomy and mechanization technology, the direct sowing technology of rice mechanization has developed rapidly in China. At present, the common rice precision seeding problems are rice adaptability and operation efficiency. The difference of sowing amount between the conventional and hybrid rice varieties is great, and the size of the seeds of long grain and short grain rice has great difference. According to the physical and planting characteristics of different rice varieties, the seed metering device is difficult to meet the demand for sowing and regulation and the sowing quantity is difficult to be controlled accurately. The rice metering device with precise stepless adjusting consists of filling chamber, type-hole roller, protecting device, cleaning device and electronic system. The suitable seeding rate is the key point for the application of hill-drop drilling technology. Different seeding rates are required for different varieties and planting conditions. Based on the adaptation for different rice varieties and rapid adjustment for seeding rate, optimization design and experimental research for combined type-hole metering device of rice hill-drop drilling machine have been implemented. The seed metering device adopts the bowl-shaped type-hole and double filling chambers. Bowl-shaped type-hole with variable volume was designed for seed metering. The shape, number, long axis, depth and volume of type-hole were designed by mathematical model calculation, the long axis sizes of minimum, median and maximum type-hole site were 9.2, 12.4 and 15.6 mm respectively, and the range of sectional area is 71.31-154.58 mm<sup>2</sup>. The volume range of type-hole is 271.91-485.79 mm<sup>3</sup>. Aimed to meet the seeding rate requirements of different regions and different rice varieties, the device with internal micro-stepping motor and controlled circuit is designed for wireless control on stepless adjustment of 3-10 seeds each hole, overcoming the shortage of cable transmission. The electronic system was based on STM32F103C8T6 and Bluetooth module transferring data. Through the motor rotation of inner wheel, the center angle of inner and outer wheel changed, and the seeding rate would be adjustable. During the conversion process from the small cell to large one, the motor gear turned 70° and output 2 300 pulses. The whole adjustment time is about 2.85 s. Four conventional rice varieties, including conventional japonica rice Xiushui 134 and conventional indica rice Huanghuazhan, and hybrid japonica rice Huayou14 and hybrid indica rice Jingliangyou were selected as the experimental materials. The experiment is carried out with the computer vision seed metering device, which can adjust the speed of rotating axis and convetor belt. From the test results of rice number per hill, the sowing quantity range of japonica rice is 4.99-9.70 and indica rice is 3.36-8.36. The extreme analysis test of 3 factors (type-hole size, rotating rate, variety) and 4 levels was carried out for stepless adjustment of type-hole. The result showed that the ranges of seeding rates for japonica rice and indica type rice were 5-10 and 3-8 grains per hill, respectively, which could meet the demanding of seeding rate of 3-10 for the design of type-hole. The result of extreme analysis showed that the factors of variety, type-hole volume and rotating speed have significant influence on seeding rate, and the order of influence factors is type-hole volume, variety and rotating speed. It is obvious that the design of seeding rate stepless adjustment for precise seeding devices can meet the demanding of stepless adjustment of different rice varieties. The advantages of wide adjustment range, good adaptation, simple and quick stepless adjustment show that this device is practical.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Control engineering - Drops - Factor analysis - Hybrid materials - Infill drilling - Mechanization - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Rotating machinery - Seed - Stepping motors - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Adjusting hole-type - Agricultural mechanization - Experimental materials - Experimental research - Metering devices - Operation efficiencies - Seed metering devices - Sowing amount
Classification code:511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 705.3 Electric Motors - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 7.13e-05m2 to 1.55e-04m2, Size 1.24e-02m, Size 1.56e-02m, Time 2.85e+00s, Volume 2.72e-07m3 to 4.86e-07m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20183705791955
Title:Effect of plastic film mulching duration on soil temperature and moisture in field and cotton water comsumption and yield in Xinjiang
Authors:Tuergan, Zumilaiti (1); Lin, Tao (2, 3); Yan, Changrong (2); Dilimaimaiti, Dilibaier (1); Deng, Fangning (1); Wu, Fengquan (1); Kong, Song (1); Tang, Qiuxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Research Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Qiuxiang(tangqiuxiang2004_2@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:113-120
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mulching is of functions of warming, preserving soil moisture, suppressing salt and preventing weeds, increasing soil water storage capacity, reducing soil water evaporation and improving the effectiveness of soil moisture. A cotton cultivation field experiment was carried out under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching for 2 growing seasons from May to September of 2016 and 2017 in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China (40°06 N,80°44 E, altitude 1 025 m). The experiment included 6 mulching duration treatments of 40 (J1), 55 (J2), 70 (J3), 85 (J4), 100 (J5) and 140 d (whole growing season mulching, CK). The air temperature and precipitation were measured. The precipitation during the growth period of cotton was 45.2 mm in 2016 and 132.36 mm in 2017. The cotton sowed on April 8th, 2016 and April 15th, 2017. The seedling stage started from April 30th in 2016 and May 10th in 2017. The duration from seedling to boll-opening stages was 137 and 131 days respectively for the year of 2016 and 2017. The soil temperature was measured at 10 cm depth. The water content was determined for 0-80 cm soil depth. Effects of plastic mulching duration on soil temperature, soil water content, crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>c</inf>) and yield of cotton field. The water use efficiency was also calculated. The results showed that soil temperature was greatly affected by film mulching duration. After the film was removed, the soil temperature was decreased especially at seedling and bud stage. For the whole growing period of cotton, the change in soil temperature of CK was similar with J5. The film mulching duration also affected soil water content. The soil water content was lower during the early stage of cotton than after the flowering stage. The water content was the lowest for J1 and J2 treatments at the seedling and bud stages since the film was removed and evaporation was higher than the other treatments during these stages. The change of soil water content at 0-20 cm was obvious for different mulching duration treatments. The average soil water content was significantly lower by 14.5%, 10.7%, 8.7% and 7.5% for J1, J2, J3 and J4, respectively than CK (P<0.05). The average soil water content of J5 was not significantly different from that of CK (P>0.05). The ETc of CK and J5 was not different significantly (P>0.05), and that of CK was significantly lower than that of J1-J4 (P<0.05). Among all the treatments, the cotton seed yield of J5 was the highest (P<0.05) with the 2-year average of 6 800 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and the WUE was also the highest with the 2-year average of 11.5 kg/(hm<sup>2</sup>• mm) (P<0.05). The yield and WUE of J5 was not significantly different from CK (P>0.05). According to the relationship between film mulching duration and soil water content, ET<inf>c</inf>, WUE and cotton seed yield, the soil water content, yield and WUE increased but the ET<inf>c</inf> decreased with the duration. However, when the duration was higher than 100 d, the water content, yield and WUE decreased but the ET<inf>c</inf> increased. Thus, mulching duration of 100 days was suggested as an optimal treatment since the yield and WUE was the highest and the ET<inf>c</inf> was lower. The results could guide the film application in southern Xinjiang and provide valuable information for degradable film manufacture and recovery.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Cotton - Efficiency - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Plastic films - Soil moisture - Technetium compounds - Temperature - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton cultivation - Crop evapotranspiration - Plastic film mulching - Soil water content - Soil water evaporation - Soil water storage - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 2.74e-01yr, Age 3.59e-01yr, Age 3.75e-01yr, Percentage 1.07e+01%, Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.02e+03m, Size 1.32e-01m, Size 2.02e+00m, Size 4.52e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20183705791976
Title:Effects of conditioning temperature and length-diameter ratio of ring die on quality of pelleted feeds
Authors:Duan, Haitao (1, 2); Li, Junguo (1, 3); Qin, Yuchang (4); Li, Jun (1, 3); Yang, Jie (1, 3); Dong, Yingchao (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Yuchang(qinyuchang@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:278-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the feed processing process, the main factors including the composition of the raw materials, the conditioning and pelleting, and the size of the crushed particles affected the feed quality. With the advent of no-resistance/anti-resistance era, probiotics and other heat-sensitive antibiotic substitutes are used in feed formulations. In the feed processing process, higher tempering temperatures cause the loss of heat-sensitive feed ingredients such as probiotics. The lower temperature causes the lower sterilization. The objectives of this study were to systematically determine the effects of conditioning temperature and length-diameter ratio of ring die on feed quality and heat-sensitivity ingredients retention rate. Bulk raw materials of this formulation were processed by the expander, and the starch gelatinization degree was 69.13%. The ripened mash feed was pelleted with different temperature conditioning, and the length-diameter ratio of ring die was 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1, and the conditioning temperature was 50, 55, 60 and 65℃, respectively. The results are as follows: When the length-diameter ratio of ring die was 6:1, the starch gelatinization degree of 65℃ group was significantly higher than 50, 55 and 60℃ group; the PDI (pellet durability index) of 65℃ group was significantly higher than 50℃ group; the percentage of shaped pellets of 50℃ group was significantly lower than the other groups; when the length-diameter ratio of ring die was 8:1, the hardness of 65℃ group was significantly higher than the other 3 groups, the PDI of 60℃ group was significantly higher than that of 50 and 55℃ groups, and the particle formation rate of 50℃ group was significantly lower than that of 65℃ group; when the length-diameter ratio of ring die was 10:1, power consumption per ton of 50℃ group was significantly higher than other treatment groups. The interaction between the conditioning temperature and the length-diameter ratio of ring die has a significant effect on the gelatinization degree of the starch; the conditioning temperature and the length-diameter ratio of ring die have a very significant effect on the particle hardness and the PDI; the length-diameter ratio of the die hole has a very significant effect on the retention rate of lactic acid bacteria; the conditioning temperature, the length-diameter ratio and their interaction have a very significant effect on the electricity consumption of tons of material. The results showed that: The feed quality is affected by the conditioning temperature and the ratio of die length to diameter. When raw materials are pelleted in low conditioning temperature, the length-diameter ratio of ring die plays higher effect than conditioning temperature, 55~60℃ is recommended, and length-diameter ratio of ring die of 6:1 is recommended. It is of great significance to save feed production cost and materials costs and to realize the accuracy of diet. With the advent of non-antibiotics, the application of heat-sensitive antibiotic substitutes or high-price heat-sensitive additives in diet, this process will surely play an essential role.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Dies
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Antibiotics - Electric power utilization - Feeding - Gelation - Hardness - Heat resistance - Lactic acid - Pelletizing - Processing - Starch - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Conditioning temperatures - Electricity-consumption - Lactic acid bacteria - Length diameter ratio - Lower temperatures - Particle formations - Starch gelatinization - Tempering temperature
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 534.1 Foundries - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.91e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20183705791944
Title:Design and experiment of automatic directing garlic planter
Authors:Geng, Aijun (1, 2); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Hou, Jialin (1); Zhang, Zhilong (1); Zhang, Ji (1); Chong, Jun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271000, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an; 271000, China; (3) Ji'nan Huaqing Agricultural Machinery Technology Co., Ltd., Ji'nan; 251600, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:17-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Garlic is one of the most important cash crops which cultivated widely in China. An enormous number of farms in developed countries have wide planting area, and almost all harvested garlic are sent to deep processing. Thus, there is poor requirement of garlic seed scaly direction. The high-level mechanization and automation garlic planter has been used in production as early as 1960s. In contrast, garlic is grown mostly in hills and plains, such as Hebei, Jiangsu and Shandong. The garlic planting time is about 20 days, the agronomic requirement of garlic planting is "scaly bud is upward while root is downward, and erectly planting". In view of this special agronomic requirement, the artificial planting mode has been used in a long time, that is farmers insert garlic seed into soil in accordance with agronomic requirement and then covering soil by hands. This mode has obvious disadvantages of great labour intensity, low working efficiency and high employment cast. In addition, most foreign garlic planters are not usually suitable for use in China. Thus, an efficient precision garlic planter plays a crucial role to the development of garlic planter mechanization in China. However, the bottleneck of garlic planter research and development is how to conquer garlic seed directing technology. On the basis of this present situation, a number of universities and related scientific research institutions have carried out a series of studies and achieved periodic results. An automatic directing garlic planter was designed in this study. In terms of it, there are seed taking device, garlic seed directing device, inserted planting device and pneumatic control system, and so on. The structure of key components had been designed. A small caterpillar base plate was applied to chassis, which reduced effectively the degree of soil compaction and powered by a diesel engine. The seed taking device is composed of chain drive, seed taking spoon, chain plate and vibrating mechanism. Garlic seeds have appearance characteristics of slender scaly bud, wide tail and shape of a half moon. Based on overall dimension of garlic seeds, a seed taking spoon was designed with length as 35 mm, width as 25 mm and depth as 15 mm. The seed taking spoons were mounted on chain plate with mode of staggered arrangement in double-rows, the longitudinal space of adjacent 2 groups seed taking spoons is calculated as 228 mm. The garlic seed directing device includes 3 stages conical hopper, hopper pointed conical half top angle decreases gradually which used to assist garlic seed in adjusting postures. The best angle combination is designed by experiment as 45°, 40° and 30°. The inserted planting device includes duckbill inserted planting apparatus and reciprocating lifting apparatus. The pneumatic control system was used for realizing precise matching between chassis, seed taking device and garlic seed directing device. The main influence factors of seed taking effect and seed scaly bud directing effect were proved through experiment study. Seed taking experiment result showed that the rate of taking single seed was 93.50 %, taking multiple seeds was 2.30 %, and miss taking was 4.20 % when planter speed was 0.10 m/s. The seed directing experiment result showed the rate of seed scaly upward was 94.44 % when longitudinal space between adjacent 2 stages hoppers was 100 mm and time interval of hoppers opening was 0.4 s. Field test results showed that the rate of seed scaly upward, sowing multiple seeds and miss sowing were 89.2 %, 3.2 % and 2.0 %, respectively, the productivity scope of garlic planter was from 500 to 650 m<sup>2</sup>/h, and all indexes meet the standard requirement of garlic planting. The planter exhibited a great performance.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agronomy - Chains - Chassis - Control systems - Crops - Design - Diesel engines - Hoppers - Machine design - Mechanization - Plates (structural components) - Pneumatic control - Pneumatic control equipment - Soil mechanics - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Erectly planting - Garlic planter - Garlic seed directing - Research and development - Scientific researches - Single seeds - Staggered arrangement - Standard requirements
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.30e+00%, Percentage 3.20e+00%, Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 8.92e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 2.28e-01m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 3.50e-02m, Time 4.00e-01s, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20183705791952
Title:Regulation model and application for water-land-forage-livestock balance in pastoral areas
Authors:Lu, Haiyuan (1, 2, 3); Li, Heping (1, 2, 3); Wang, Jun (1, 2, 3); Gao, Zhanyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, MWR, Huhhot; 010020, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Water-saving Irrigation Technology of Artificial Grassland, Huhhot; 010020, China
Corresponding author:Li, Heping(mkslhp@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:87-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most of the pastoral areas in China are located in arid and semi-arid regions, where water resources are short, water and land resources are not matched, and forage and livestock conditions are not balanced. In consequence grassland degradation and serious desertification have been induced. Overgrazing and agricultural development are the main man-induced factors for ecological system degradation in pastoral areas. With the development of research, alleviating ecological degradation has been evolved gradually from achieving the balance between forage and livestock to achieving the balance among water, land, forage, and livestock. Therefore, the water-land-forage-livestock balance regulation is the key to solve this problem. In this paper, the existing researches on the adaptation of water-land-forage-stock balance regulation in pastoral areas have been analyzed. Under this premise, converting the value of grassland ecological services into acceptable grassland ecological benefits is incorporated into the regulation of water-land-forage-livestock balance in pastoral areas. And the water- land- forage- livestock balance regulation model with uniform measure of economic benefits and ecological benefits have also been built. The regulation model was constructed by the multi-objective programming method. The genetic algorithm (GA) which evaluates individual fitness based on target sorting matrix was used to solve the model, and FORTRAN language was used for programming and data processing. The calculation program is developed as a new method and thought for the quantitative study of the water-land-forage-livestock balance regulation threshold. Taking Etuokeqian banner as an example, a set of control schemes for irrigating artificial grassland and natural grassland coupling ratio during livestock rearing have been established. Based on this, the relationship between development of water and land resources and its response in economic and ecological benefits under different schemes have been analyzed. The results showed that the area of irrigated artificial grassland was increased with the increase of livestock feeding time, and the limiting factor of regional development gradually shifted from the natural grassland to the limitation of water resources. The study area has rich land resources. Thus, water resources are the key factors in controlling the balanced development of the regional water-land-forage-livestock. By 2020, there will be 4 main indicators of water-land-forage-livestock balanced control threshold in Etuokeqian Banner. The development and utilization of water resources should be controlled at 1.66 hundred million m<sup>3</sup>, the irrigated area should be controlled at 3.28 to 3.38 ten thousand hm<sup>2</sup>, the development scale of irrigated artificial grassland should be controlled between 2.16 to 2.51 ten thousand hm<sup>2</sup>, and the amount of livestock keeping should be controlled in 89.43 to 100.46 ten thousand sheep units. By 2030, the development and utilization of water resources should be controlled at 2.66 hundred million m<sup>3</sup>, the irrigated area should be controlled at 4.24 to 4.31 ten thousand hm<sup>2</sup>. The development scale of irrigated artificial grassland should be controlled between 3.04 to 3.42 ten thousand hm<sup>2</sup>, and the amount of livestock keeping should be controlled in 113.54 to 118.85 ten thousand sheep units.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Data handling - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - FORTRAN (programming language) - Genetic algorithms - Models - Multiobjective optimization - Regional planning - Resource allocation - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Arid and semi-arid regions - Development and utilizations - Ecological degradations - Grassland degradation - Multiobjective programming - Regional development - Threshold calculations
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20183705791956
Title:Impact of treated waste water quality on repellent and wettable soil water characteristic curve
Authors:Chen, Junying (1); Chai, Hongyang (1); Gillerman, Leionid (2); Liu, Chang (1); Cai, Yaohui (1); Zhang, Lin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, SedeBoker; 849902, Israel; (3) Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:121-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Treated waste water reuse in agricultural irrigation is an alternative approach for water saving. However it causes soil water repellency and the other problems. The study of reclaimed treated waste water on soil water characteristic curve is a important research basis for the water movement. Only a few researches are related to the key factors. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of treated waste water quality on soil hydraulic characteristic. The repellent and wettable clay loam were collected at a soil depth of 0-5 cm and 10-20 cm in grapefruit orchard at Kibbutz Berry, Isreal. The repellent and wettable sand were collected at a soil depth of 0-5 cm and 10-20 cm in oranges orchard at Kibbutz Magen, Isreal. The orchards irrigated with treated wasted water about 20 years. The repellency level of clay loam and sand were moderated and severed respectively. Treated waste water and tap water were obtained in a domestic sewage treatment plant. The water sampling locations were catchment, anaerobic pool, oxidation pool, sedimentation pool and outlet of reused water. Each treatment had 4 replicates. The soil moisture characteristic curves were measured with a high-speed centrifuge. The experiment was conducted in the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering, Ministry of Education, at Northwest A&F University on August 2017. The van Genuchten-Mualem model was fitted to obtain the hydraulic parameters with RETC software. The comprehensive water quality index was obtained by principal component analysis. The impact of comprehensive water quality indicators on soil water characteristic curve, the cumulative pore size distribution, specific water capacity, soil moisture parameters was analyzed in this paper. The result showed with the imporvement of comprehensive water quality indicators, the soil water characteristic curve of the water-repellent and hydrophilic clay loam shifted to the left. Under the same suction condition, the soil moisture of repellent and wettable clay loam decreased with the increase of comprehensive water quality index, while the soil moisture of repellent and wettable sand changed little. There was no significant difference in saturated soil moisture and residual soil moisture between different water quality for repellent and wettable clay loams. The reciprocal of air entry value was significantly different among different water quality for repellent and wettable clay loams. There was a linear negative correlation between comprehensive water quality index and air entry value soil and (R<sup>2</sup> was 0.94 and 0.78). The air entry value the repellent soil was less than that of the wettable soil under the same water quality condition. In the low suction stage, the specific water quality curve with higher comprehensive water quality indexes was above the low water quality comprehensive indicator. That is, the high comprehensive water quality index caused the water content to become higher. In the high suction section, the specific water capacity curves of the various water qualities almost coincided. The value was small and closed to 0. With the increase of comprehensive water quality index, the extreme pores in the water repellent and wettable clay loam decreased, the medium and large pores increased. There was no significant difference on micropores and small pores among the water quality. The cumulative percentage less than a certain equivalent pore size increased with the increase in the comprehensive water quality index increase. For water-repellent and wettable clay loams, the field capacity, wilting coefficient, effective water, unavailable water and ratio of easily available water decreased with the comprehensive water quality index increased. But the field capacity and the ratio of easily available water were not significantly decreased to meet the irrigation requirements. The research outcome can provide the theory support for reclaimed water irrigation and management.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Catchments - Citrus fruits - Irrigation - Lakes - Orchards - Pore size - Principal component analysis - Quality assurance - Sewage - Sewage treatment plants - Soil moisture - Soils - Waste treatment - Wastewater reclamation - Wastewater treatment - Water conservation - Water quality - Waterproofing
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Domestic sewage treatment - Irrigation requirements - Soil-water characteristic curve - Van Genuchten-Mualem models - Water characteristics - Water quality indicators - Water repellency
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+01yr, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20183705791967
Title:In-suit synthesis of graphene/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for detection of lead in water and soil
Authors:Li, Dujuan (1); Xu, Feng (1); Fan, Kai (1); Li, Lihua (1); Su, Chang (2); Liu, Hongying (1); Yao, Rui (1); Cao, Jiafei (1); Wei, Kaihua (1); Li, Xiaoping (1); Zhao, Xinyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou; 310052, China
Corresponding author:Fan, Kai(fankai@hdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:203-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lead is a toxic heavy metal which is extremely harmful to the human body. Lead and its compounds can cause great harm to nerves, hematopoiesis, digestion and kidneys. In agricultural production, lead in water and soil can be deposited in crops, which is one of the main causes of lead pollution. Therefore, the detection of lead in water and soil is very important. Recently, it was reported that square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) by using different nanomaterials modified working electrode had great test performance in heavy metal ions detection. Compared with the traditional mercury or bismuth film modified electrode, which can have secondary pollution to the environment, nanomaterials modified electrode has lower detection limit and broader detection range, and can be more stable than mercury or bismuth film modified electrodes. In this study, the graphene and HAuCl<inf>4</inf> were used to fabricate graphene/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. First, 5 μL graphene-DMF(1 g/mL) solution and 153 μL HAuCl<inf>4</inf> (48.65 mmol/L) were added into 842 μL ethanol solution (50%). 6 μL suspension of GR/HAuCl<inf>4</inf> was casted on a glassy carbon electrode, and kept for drying at room temperature. GR-AuNPs/GCE was electrochemically reduced in the 0.5 mol/L NaCl by cyclic voltammetry method between-1.3 V and +0.8 V at 50 mV/s scan rate for 11 potential cycles. The electrochemical characterization of the GR/AuNPs/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The results showed that the GR-AuNPs/GCE had better surface conductivity compared with the bare GCE and the GR/GCE. The modified electrode was used to detect the standard samples of lead (II) in acetate buffer solution by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry with an amplitude of 0.025 V, pulse width of 0.2 s, pulse period of 0.4 s, and scan range between-1.3 and +0.8 V. The deposition potential was-1.2 V and the deposition time was 180 s. Before the next cycle, the electrode was cleaned for 60 s at 0.8 V with stirring. For a better detection result, some detection conditions were optimized including the concentration of HAuCl<inf>4</inf> in the GR-HAuCl<inf>4</inf> mixed liquid, potential cycles of cyclic voltammetry, pH value of the acetate buffer solution, deposition potential and deposition time. Under all optimization conditions, the dissolution peak of lead ion (II) is-0.08 V in acetate buffer solution, and had a linear response to lead ion (II) in the concentration range from 1 to 90 μg/L (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.985), with the detection limit concentration of 0.27 μg/L. GR-AuNPs/GCE was successfully used to analyze the concentration of lead ion (II) in water and soil with standard join law. Water and soil used for this experiment was obtained from Hangzhou Dianzi University, both divided into five groups. Both water samples and soil samples had five concentrations from 10 to 50 μg/L. The recovery ranges of lead ion (II) in water samples and soil samples were 93.75%-109.2% and 93.82%-109.92%, with all RSDs were below 7%, which showed that the GR-AuNPs/GCE has a good detection performance for the actual samples.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Lead compounds
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bismuth - Chemical detection - Cyclic voltammetry - Deposition - Electrodes - Glass - Glass membrane electrodes - Gold compounds - Gold nanoparticles - Graphene - Heavy metals - Mercury (metal) - Metal ions - Metal nanoparticles - Metal working - Nanostructured materials - Sodium chloride - Soil pollution - Soil surveys - Soils - Synthesis (chemical) - Water - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Acetate buffer solutions - Agricultural productions - Drying at room temperatures - Electrochemical characterizations - Glassy carbon electrodes - Lead ions - Modified glassy carbon electrode - Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry
Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 531.1 Metallurgy - 535.2.2 Metal Forming Practice - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 761 Nanotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 801.4.1 Electrochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 812.3 Glass - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e-05kg/m3 to 5.00e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.70e-07kg/m3, Molar_Concentration 4.86e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 5.00e+02mol/m3, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 9.38e+01% to 1.09e+02%, Percentage 9.38e+01% to 1.10e+02%, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 2.00e-01s, Time 4.00e-01s, Voltage 2.50e-02V, Voltage 8.00e-01V, Volume 5.00e-09m3, Volume 6.00e-09m3, Volume 8.42e-07m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20183705791948
Title:Influencing factors of seedling standing and growth of scattered planting in double cropping rice with total straw chopped incorporation
Authors:Wang, Suying (1, 2); Wu, Jianfu (1); Pan, Xiaohua (1); Huang, Shan (1); Zeng, Yongjun (1); Tan, Xueming (1); Shi, Qinghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Nanchang; 330045, China; (2) Grain and Oil Crops Research Institute of Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang; 330048, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jianfu(wjf6711@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:49-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop straw incorporation played an important role in soil improvement, fertilize the soil fertility, increase crop yield and quality and develop green agriculture. The research on the influencing factors of seedlings standing under the conditions of total straw chopped incorporation with mechanized harvesting can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for popularizing double-season rice throwing-seedling cultivation technique and realizing the reduction of rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Guangfu Village, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2013 which located in the double-cropping rice production area. Based on the field experiments, the effects of total straw incorporation as well as seedling age, tillage and cultivation methods on seedling standing and growing with total straw incorporation in double-season broadcasted rice were studied. The specific design of the tests was as follows: 1) total straw incorporation test: total straw incorporation treatment and no straw incorporation treatment were set, the seedling age of both treatments was 25 days, the throwing method was point throw, and the tillage method was mechanical rotary tilling. 2) Seedling age test: Seedling age of early rice was set to 25 d and 30 d, while the late rice was set to 20 d, 25 d and 30 d. The throwing method of both treatments was point throwing, and the tillage method was mechanical rotary tilling. 3) Scattered Planting methods test: Point throwing and strew throwing were set. The seedling age of both treatments was 25 days, and the tillage method was mechanical rotary tilling. 4) Tillage methods test: Mechanical rotary tillage and mechanical deep tillage were set. The seedling age of both treatments was 25 days, the throwing method was point throwing. The results showed that, under the same conditions, total straw incorporation had little effect on seedling standing and root growth of early rice, which go against to the late rice. Seedling standing of late rice with total straw incorporation was 2 days slower than non-straw incorporation at least, while the root weight per plant was higher than non-straw incorporation after 2 days scattered planting; after 4 days scattered planting, the leaf area and yellow leaf ratio of total straw incorporation was lower than non-straw incorporation. Under the same tillage and scattered planting methods, the smaller the seedling age, the faster the seeding standing and root growth. Seedling standing of early rice of 25 d was 3 days earlier than that of 30 d at least. Seedling standing of early rice of 30 d was at 3 days longer than 25 d; the 30 days seedlings of the late rice seedlings are at least 3 days longer than 20 d and 1day longer than 25 d. Under the same tillage and seedling age conditions, the angle and proportion of seedling standing and the leaf area index with point throwing in double cropping rice was higher than strew throwing; seedling standing with point throwing was 2 days ahead to strew throwing in early rice at least, while 1 day ahead in late rice. Under the same scattered planting methods and seedling age conditions, the seedling standing speed and root growth of deep tillage were faster than rotary tillage in late rice. The leaf area index of deep tillage was higher than rotary tillage in early and late rice. In the production, while the total straw incorporation, the early rice seedling age should be 25 d, the late rice seedling age should be 20-25 d, using point throwing and deep tillage is conducive to seedling standing and growth of scattered planting.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Forestry - Growth (materials) - Machinery - Mechanization
Uncontrolled terms:Double cropping - Green agricultures - Jiangxi Province - Mechanized harvesting - Planting methods - Seedling standing - Straw incorporations - Technical guidances
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-02yr, Age 2.74e-03yr, Age 5.48e-03yr, Age 6.85e-02yr, Age 8.22e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20183705791969
Title:Suitable farming radius and its influencing factors in rural residential areas in Heilongjiang Province
Authors:Zhang, Hui (1); Sui, Hongjun (1); Su, Hang (1); Shi, Xiaolei (1); Ma, Xinpeng (1); Sun, Tong (1); Liu, Haoran (1); Zhang, Guifang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou; 510275, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:217-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivating radius refers to the agricultural production service radius of rural residential areas. Determining suitable cultivation radius can not only save agricultural labor time, improve production efficiency, but also provide basis for reasonably determining the distance and the area of settlement to realize the efficient and intensive utilization of land. Thus, this paper selected the 859 Farm in reclamation area of Heilongjiang Province as the study area, applied the method of descriptive statistics, and explored the suitable cultivation radius and main influencing factors of rural settlements in reclamation area of Heilongjiang Province. Then ArcGIS software was used to extract populated residential areas of each administrative district in the year of 2010 and the center of mass of the cultivated land, and the point distance analysis was used to determine the space distance between populated residential areas of each administrative district and the farthest field (i.e. the radius of farming for each administrative zone). Secondly, the distances between the scattered settlements and settlement communities in the management areas were extracted. At the same time, SPSS 18.0 software was used to generate the various administrative scattering settlements and the frequency distribution histogram of settlement spatial distance and the probability of normal curve, and with the average of the probability density curve (the distance from the vertex) the suitable cultivation radius of each management area was determined. The method of kernel density was used for analysis of the center of mass of scattered settlements in the farm. The density distribution of the cultivated land in the farm and the spatial distance of scattered settlements were superposed and analyzed to determine whether there was any influence on the suitable cultivation radius. Finally, the suitable cultivated radius was used as dependent variable, the ratio of paddy field, land area and deviation distance were used as independent variables, and multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out to determine the correlation between the 4 factors. The results show that the average value of suitable cultivation radius of each management area in the study area was 5 055 m, and the maximum value and the minimum value of the cultivation radius were 7 438 and 3 265 m respectively. The average cultivation radius corresponded to the 20 min travel time for agricultural machine and 10 min for the motorcycle. In the significance test, F value of the suitable cultivation radius and paddy field ratio, land area, deviation distance between gathered settlement and corresponding company's geometric center was much larger than F<inf>0.01</inf> value. The 3 factors had significant influence on the suitable cultivation radius. That was to say, the suitable cultivation radius in the area with higher proportion of paddy fields was relatively small, the suitable cultivation radius in the bigger land area was relatively big, and the suitable cultivation radius in the area with larger deviation distance was relatively small. The study shows that the occupation of cultivated land by scattered settlements is serious in the 859 Farm; the cultivated land structure, the land area, the deviation distance between gathered settlement and corresponding company's geometric center are the main factors to influence the farming radius.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Farms - Housing - Land reclamation - Land use - Probability density function - Probability distributions - Reclamation - Regression analysis - Travel time
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Farming radius - Frequency distributions - Heilongjiang - Land managements - Multivariate linear regression analysis - Probability density curve - Reclamation areas
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 431 Air Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 433 Railroad Transportation - 434 Waterway Transportation - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.26e+03m, Size 5.06e+03m, Size 7.44e+03m, Time 1.20e+03s, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20183705791957
Title:Seismic response analysis of outlet tower based on water-structure- foundation coupling system
Authors:Zhang, Jianwei (1, 2, 3); Fu, Jie (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Yu (1); Wang, Tao (1, 2, 3); Wang, Libin (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficiency and Protection Engineering, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (3) Henan Provincial Hydraulic Structure Safety Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:128-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Outlet tower of pumping station is a tower structure connected to the pumping station pressure pipes and downstream aqueduct. In order to ensure the safe operation of the structure, it is necessary to analyze its seismic response. Taking second stage sixth pumping station outlet tower of Jingtaichuan project as the research object, the large FEM software ANSYS was used to establish the massless foundation model and the viscoelastic boundary model of outlet tower based on fluid-solid coupling effect and elastic wave theory. First, combining the efficient and accurate modal calculation method, the modal analysis of the water tower system under 2 conditions of with water or not was carried out. The measured datas of the outlet tower was treated by the shock-resistant DP seismic low frequency vibration transducer. Furthermore, the CEEMDAN-SVD method proposed by author was used to filter strong background noise and extract the vibration feature information of each measuring point of the structure. The information fusion method of variance contribution rate was used to dynamically fuse the signal after denoising of measuring points, and the complete work feature information of the water tower was obtained. Then, the natural vabration frquency of the water tower structure was extracted and the vabration frquency was compared with the dry and wet modals of the fluid-solid coupling model. The rationality of the established fluid-structure coupling model and the effect of the aqueous medium on the natural vibration characteristics of the outlet tower system were verified. Subsequently, based on the identification and modal analysis conclusions, according to the location of the project, the Lanzhou wave was selected as the seismic input time-history of the dynamic response analysis. The three-way seismic wave time-histories were inputted simultaneously to both the massless foundation model and the viscoelastic boundary model under the conditions of with water or not. The results of the relative displacement time-history and the maximum value of tension-compression stress of node A under 2 operating conditions was compared, and the influence of the interaction among the water-structure-foundation coupling system was analysied. The results showed that, comparing dry and wet modal calculation results with CEEMDAN-SVD identification results, it can be seen that the working frequency of the outlet tower is 3.3 Hz, and the water reduces the modal frequency of the tower. Through the analysis of the displacement and stress responses, it can be seen that the condition 1 is an unfavorable working condition. Compared with the results of the massless foundation, the displacement response value of the viscoelastic boundary results is reduced by 38.5% and its stress response value is reduced by 37.8%. The maximum displacement response of the condition 2 is 63.8% which is lower than that of condition 1, and the maximum stress response reduces by 73.1%. In the models of this paper, the effects of water and viscoelastic boundary on the seismicity of the outlet tower are opposite. When the water and viscoelastic boundary were considered at the same time, the seismic displacement and stress response results under the condition of massless foundation with waterless are smaller than those of with viscoelastic boundary and water condition. These results indicated that the water body has greater impact on the seismicity of water tower and is more important. The water increases the seismic response during the calculation of seismic response of water tower, and it should not be neglected. For the selection of foundation conditions to calculate the seismic response of water tower, the massless foundation is safer, and the viscoelastic boundary foundation which considering the infinite foundation radiation damping is recommended.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Modal analysis
Controlled terms:Dynamic response - Fluid structure interaction - Foundations - Models - Pumping plants - Pumps - Seismic response - Seismic waves - Viscoelasticity - Water towers
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic response analysis - Fluid structure couplings - Information fusion method - Natural vibration characteristic - Seismic response analysis - Vibration - Viscoelastic boundary - Water structure
Classification code:446 Waterworks - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.2 Foundations - 484 Seismology - 484.2 Secondary Earthquake Effects - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.30e+00Hz, Percentage 3.78e+01%, Percentage 3.85e+01%, Percentage 6.38e+01%, Percentage 7.31e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20183705791942
Title:Regional differences and dynamic evolution of cultivated land use efficiency in major grain producing areas in low carbon perspective
Authors:Kuang, Bing (1); Lu, Xinhai (2); Han, Jing (2); Zhang, Zuo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) College of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Xinhai(xinhailu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To systematically investigate the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of cultivated land use efficiency in major grain producing areas of China from low carbon perspective, this study took carbon emissions resulting from cultivated land utilization, which acted as an undesirable output, into the measurement framework of cultivated land use efficiency, and quantitatively analyzed the spatial pattern and evolution of cultivated land use efficiency in major grain producing areas from 2000 to 2016. Methods applied in this study include SBM-Undesirable model and kernel density estimation. The results showed that: 1) Carbon emissions resulting from cultivated land utilization in the main grain producing areas and each province all showed upward trend at different rates. The absolute growth of carbon emissions from cultivated land utilization in Henan Province ranked the first, whose carbon emissions changed from 487.40⊆10<sup>4</sup> to 806.99⊆10<sup>4</sup> t during the period of from 2000 to 2016, with a net increase of 319.59⊆10<sup>4</sup> t. Carbon emissions resulting from cultivated land utilization in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang ranked the second and third, respectively. The absolute growth of carbon emissions resulting from cultivated land utilization in Jiangxi Province ranked the lowest, with a total increase of 59.64⊆10<sup>4</sup> t during the study period. 2) Cultivated land use efficiency of the major grain producing areas and provinces was reduced significantly when the carbon emissions resulting from cultivated land utilization were taken into account. In the year of 2000 and 2016, the average values of cultivated land use efficiency in major grain producing areas measured by the traditional CCR model were 0.7744 and 0.9179, respectively, while the average efficiency measured by SBM-Undesirable model was 0.6394 in 2000 and 0.8438 in 2016. 3) Cultivated land use efficiency in major grain producing areas showed characteristics with significant spatial disparities. As can be seen from the results calculated by SBM-Undesirable model, 13 major grain producing areas can be divided into 3 types, namely, advantage areas, flat areas and disadvantage areas. Each area differed variously in indicators of input and output during the processes of cultivated land utilization. 4) From the results of kernel density estimation, during the study period, cultivated land use efficiency in the main grain producing areas, including advantage areas, flat areas and disadvantage areas all presented characteristics of skewed distribution and polarization. Meanwhile, compared with the density curve in the year of 2000, the change intervals of the density curve of major grain producing areas, including flat areas and disadvantage areas were smaller in 2016, indicating that the regional gap of cultivated land use efficiency in these areas was narrowed in the period of from 2000 to 2016. However, during this period, the change interval of the density curve of advantage areas was not obvious. Under the background of "low carbon development" and "green development", this study can provide scientific basis and decision-making reference for the efficient and low-carbon use of cultivated land resources in major grain producing areas, which can also be helpful for the sustainable utilization of cultivated land in other regions of China.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Carbon - Decision making - Efficiency - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon emissions - Cultivated lands - Difference - Evolution - Producing areas
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20183705791970
Title:Analysis on driving forces of construction occupation of arable land in old industrial cities of Northeast China
Authors:Meng, Xiangfeng (1); Wang, Dongyan (1); Li, Hong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun; 130061, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hong(h-li@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:225-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, Siping City, Jilin Province as an old industrial city in Northeast China, was used as the research area to analyze and discuss the driving forces of its construction occupation of arable land. Kernel density estimation was applied to analyze the spatial pattern of cultivated land used for construction in Siping City from 2009 to 2015, on the basis of which, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the driving forces of the cultivated land used for construction, and GIS and SPSS software were the analysis platforms. ArcGIS was used to overlay analysis of the cultivated land shape layers in 2009 and the construction land shape layers in 2015, and then we got an analysis base map with the scale of 1:2 500 000. Through the analysis we knew that in 2009-2015, the land for construction in Siping City expanded by 6 590.75 hm<sup>2</sup>, with an average annual increase of 1 098.46 hm<sup>2</sup>, of which 76.56% was converted from cultivated land. The analysis base map with the scale of 1:2 500 000 was converted to a point layer by ArcGIS, and then the Kernel density estimation method was applied to analyze the point layer. The results showed that the spatial distribution of cultivated land used for construction in Siping City presented the characteristics of being dense in east and sparse in west. The degree of spatial agglomeration could be divided into 5 levels, and spread along urban centers and roads, which was a multi-core expansion. Principal component analysis method was used to analyze the 19 indicators which were selected from the 4 aspects of economy, society, population, and policy. The results showed that the driving forces of cultivated land used for construction in Siping City from 2009 to 2015 were industrial structure, people's living standards, industrial enterprise development and road traffic divisors, which belong to economy, society, and policy factors. Among them, the industrial structure and people's living standards were the main controlling divisors and the main driving forces. Compared with many existing studies, there was a big difference that urbanization and population factors had less driving force for the cultivated land used for construction in Siping City during 2009-2015. Furthermore, due to the timeliness and instability of policy factors, some policy driving divisors were difficult to quantify and could not be included in the evaluation index system. For example, the Siping Economic Development Zone and Hongzui Economic and Technological Development Zone were established with a planning which was permitted, and 1 612 hm<sup>2</sup> construction scope accounted for 1.14% of the total construction land area in Siping City. Moreover, the proposal of area development strategy for the integration of Sili urban areas in 2014 led to the rapid development of the connecting belt between Lishu County and Siping City, and the rapid expansion of construction land. Therefore, among the policy factors, in addition to road traffic, the establishment of development zones and the adjustment of administrative divisions also had driving effect on the occupation of cultivated land by construction in Siping City. It is necessary to break the systemic, institutional, and structural problems in Siping City, reduce government intervention, improve market vitality, adjust the industrial structure of Siping City and the proportion of heavy industry in the national economy, vigorously develop new industries, and scientifically plan to increase the intensive use of land.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Economic and social effects - Employment - Geographic information systems - Industrial research - Land use - Roads and streets - Spatial variables measurement - Statistics - Urban planning
Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Driving forces - Kernel Density Estimation - Northeast China - Spatial patterns
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.14e+00%, Percentage 7.66e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20183705791975
Title:Choice of leading industry of agro-product processing in Hebei Province based on improved industrial linkage analysis
Authors:Yan, Chunxiao (1); Liu, Jingzhi (2); Li, Hanyue (1); Xiong, Xiaoyi (3); Song, Hui (1); Zhang, Runqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hebei Agricultural University, College of Economics and Trade, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) The Department of Economics of the Party School of the CPC Hebei Provincial Party committee, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China; (3) Hebei Agricultural University, School of Business, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Runqing(runqingzhang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:268-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to guide the agricultural product processing industry in Hebei Province specifically in the high-quality and fast development track, we analyze the applicable conditions of the Deng's grey incidence model based on the Chinese scholar Deng Julong's grey system theory. When studying the correlation of behavior index sequence whose data order can be changed, we put forward the improved method by using interval value quantization algorithm instead of initial value or average value quantization algorithm, and using the data 1 and 0 instead of the absolute difference between maximum and minimum value. This can not only solve the problem of different results due to the change of starting point data sequence and reference sequence, but can also solve the problem of destroying the intrinsic relationship of data by dimensionless processing. In order to reflect the certain sector's impact on national economy and based on the input-output theory, this paper builds the forward and backward virtual optimal reference sequence and studies the correlation effect among this sector and others. The data come from the input-output tables of 139 sectors of Hebei Province in 2012 and other agricultural product processing industry statistical data from 2013 to 2016. According to the national economy industry classification standard and research needs, based on Hirschman industry relevancy criteria, Rostow industrial diffusion effect criteria and Ricardo's comparative advantage criteria, 17 categories of agricultural processing sectors are selected as the research objects, and 8 evaluation indices have been determined, including influence coefficient, response coefficient, main business income ratio, proportion of exports and domestic selling outside the province, economic benefit coefficient, economic growth rate, economic technology coefficient and the structure of the labor input coefficient. The high correlation coefficients such as economic benefit coefficient, economic technology coefficient and the structure of the labor input coefficient are processed based on the improved grey correlation analysis method and calculation of 8 categories of correlation indices. Then the optimization analysis on the influence coefficient and response coefficient is performed. Finally, 6 evaluation indices are determined to evaluate the 17 categories of agricultural processing sectors comprehensively. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation of the fur feather silk industry is the best, with main business income at the 1st place, and the total of exports and domestic selling outside Hebei Province at the 2nd place. The economic benefit coefficient, response coefficient and economic growth rate of this industry are all in the top 5. The comprehensive evaluation of cotton and jute products industry is at the 2nd place. Same as fur feather silk industry, it becomes the key part of business main income and export products of agricultural processing in Hebei Province. The Chinese medicine processing industry ranks the 4th with excellent economic growth rate and economic benefit. This result meets the strategic deployment of revitalizing the traditional Chinese medicine career and developing the Chinese medicine characteristic industry. The comprehensive evaluation of dairy products industry is at the 5th place with response coefficient, export or outflow outside province domestically and economic growth rate at the 5th, 6th and 2nd place respectively. This industry develops well. The comprehensive evaluation of grain and plant oil processing industry ranks the 6th and 7th respectively, which indicates large capacity of grain and oil production in Hebei Province. It has a good effect on the national economy and increases the income of main business. The fruits and vegetables processing industry ranks the 8th with 9.4% of the average annual main business revenue growth, which reflects the obvious effect on agriculture transformation and upgrading in Hebei Province as the second largest vegetable production province in China. The comprehensive evaluation of rubber manufacturing industry ranks the 9th with economic benefit, growth rate and main business income all at the 6th or 7th. It is concluded that the 5 edible agricultural processing industries and 3 traditional processing industries have high competitive advantages and should be supported as the leading industries. Although the comprehensive evaluation of the sugar industry is better, it is too small to be the leading industry. This paper makes innovation in correlation analysis method and provides an important reference to the agricultural processing industry improvement in Hebei Province.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural products - Competition - Correlation methods - Data handling - Economic analysis - Grain (agricultural product) - Industrial research - Medicine - Processing - Rubber applications - Rubber industry - Silk - Sugar industry - System theory - Textile industry - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation index - Grey incidence - Hebei Province - Input-output - Leading industry
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 818.4 Rubber Factories and Machinery - 818.6 Rubber Applications - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 819.6 Textile Mills, Machinery and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822 Food Technology - 901.3 Engineering Research - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.4 Manufacturing - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.40e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20183705791974
Title:Compiling engineering construction standard for land consolidation under national land comprehensive consolidation
Authors:Sun, Yanwei (1); Long, Teng (1); Gu, Shoubai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai; 200003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:261-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nowadays, it is urgent to compile new construction standard for land consolidation and rehabilitation engineering, and make it work as a technical basis for strategic transformation and innovation practice, so as to prevent the standard falling far behind the development of land consolidation. Land consolidation and rehabilitation projects have gradually shifted from the spot-type consolidation of "soil moving and pit filling" to the regional land comprehensive consolidation of "farmland, hydrographic net, road system, forests network, villages and factories". Compilation of new construction standard was the key issue to implement the strategic transformation to lead and support the construction of land consolidation engineering. By referring to online multi databases, we analyzed 18 typical and representative standards related to China's land consolidation engineering construction. According to the results, we concluded that the compilation of China's current construction standards fell far behind the development of land consolidation, and there were obvious shortcomings in the following aspects: engineering goal orientation, engineering system design, engineering content, and application of green remediation technologies. The response to strategic transformation should be strengthened. By analyzing the core issues existing in China's current land consolidation engineering construction standards based on the case study of Shanghai, using literature analysis and system engineering method, we put forward the following key points for the compilation of land consolidation engineering construction standards during the strategic transformation period: the land consolidation engineering system reconstruction, green improvement land consolidation project, village renovation project, and modern agriculture support engineering. Details were as follows: 1) In accordance with the principle of science, consistency, relative independence, and path dependence, using the theory of system engineering, and comparing the basic requirements for strategic transformation and the objectives of land consolidation in Shanghai, we reconstructed the land consolidation engineering system. This system was based on the innovative practices of land consolidation in Shanghai, and covered all the elements of land consolidation. We intensified the engineering construction content from 3 aspects: ecological landscape construction, modern agricultural development, modern rural development and good residential environment construction. The number of the first-level items in the land consolidation engineering system was increased from 5 to 8, the number of the secondary-level items was expanded from 14 to 29, and the third-level items were expanded from 34 to 56, which comprehensively responded to the strategic transformation goals of the land consolidation. 2) Literature analysis method and system engineering method were used to summarize the practical experience of country park construction, and clarify the key issues in green land consolidation, including regional landscape ecological construction, degraded biological habitat restoration, biodiversity conservation, and ecological reform of traditional land consolidation engineering. We put forward solutions for green improvement land consolidation project in 4 aspects: embedding the ecological principles in the general principles of the standard, leading ecological construction with the first-level item "eco-environment remediation project", investigating systematic ecological transformation of the traditional land remediation project, and exploring the "land remediation engineering" through construction land reclamation. 3) In order to address the problems of rural hollowing, insufficient economic activity, and deterioration of the ecological environment in the process of rapid urbanization, we established the village renovation project system by using literature analysis method. The village planning and layout, village infrastructure construction, and the inheritance of the village for regional culture were taken as the main contents of the system in response to the regional land collaborative consolidation under the new urbanization background. 4) In accordance with the 3 basic needs of Shanghai's modern agricultural i.e. urban agricultural products supply, urban ecological conservation and urban leisure tourism, the modern agriculture supporting engineering of land consolidation was established in the standard as follows: flexible field scale, leisure facilities and smart agricultural construction. The standard loosed restrictions on the length, width and size of the field, and adopted the ecological construction method to construct leisure trails that meet the needs of agricultural picking and sightseeing tourism taking into account the characteristics of pervious road surface and greening. We redefined "auxiliary facilities for agricultural production" based on the principle of composite utilization, so as to build an agricultural intelligence project that integrates application of computer and network technology, internet technology, audio and video technology, 3S (remote sensing, RS; geography information systems, GIS; global positioning systems, GPS) technology, wireless communication technology, and expert wisdom and knowledge. To sum up, the new construction standard for Shanghai is based on the innovative practice of land remediation, responding to the basic requirements and goals for strategic transformation of land consolidation such as ecological civilization, new urbanization and modern agriculture. It can provide the technical basis for the future land consolidation, as well as the reference for land consolidation standardization during the strategic transitional period of land consolidation and rehabilitation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Audio systems - Biodiversity - Conservation - Deterioration - Engineering - Global positioning system - Houses - Land use - Regional planning - Remediation - Remote sensing - Roads and streets - Rural areas - Systems engineering - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Construction standards - Ecological civilization - Land consolidations - Modern agricultures - New urbanization
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20183705791960
Title:Extracting winter wheat area in Huanghuaihai Plain using MODIS-EVI data and phenology difference avoiding threshold
Authors:Zhang, Sha (1, 2); Zhang, Jiahua (1, 2); Bai, Yun (1, 2); Yao, Fengmei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (2) College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jiahua(zhangjh@radi.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:150-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Huanghuaihai (HHH) Plain is the main cultivating area of winter wheat in China. Accurately detecting the winter wheat area in HHH Plain is of great importance and significance for grain yield estimation and national food security. Vegetation indices (VIs), such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or enhanced vegetation index (EVI), have been generally used to characterize the winter wheat cultivation area during some key growing stages. However, such method requires thresholds for VIs, which vary spatially due to the differences of local climates and phenology. In other words, if the study area covers wide range of climate gradients which cause significant phenology differences for winter wheat, one invariant threshold value is not suitable for the whole study area. Previous studies usually set different threshold values manually for different regions or provinces to solve this problem. Thus, there is no doubt that the usual solution increases the workload and introduces more uncertainties. For addressing the above issues, a new method was developed and tested in this study for extracting the winter wheat area over HHH Plain of China. The new method used a vegetation index decrease slope threshold to replace the vegetation index threshold at a specified growing stage, and added the peak number during winter wheat growing season as another decision condition. It avoided the issues of setting different threshold values and achieved good accuracy. First, the relationships between the sowing and maturity day of year (DOY) and climate factors were established by stepwise method. In this step, the ERA-Interim reanalysis data (air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation) and observed sowing and maturity date of winter wheat at 140 agro-meteorological sites were used. Among these sites, 70% of them (98 sites) randomly distributed were selected to build the relationships, and the other 30% (42 sites) were used to validate the established relationships. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data were used rather than the observed climate variables at meteorological sites due to the departure of the location of meteorological site from each other. The R<sup>2</sup> values of simulated DOY versus observed DOY at agro-meteorological sites were 0.69 and 0.67 for winter wheat sowing and maturity stage, respectively, and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were 6.12 and 4.88 d, which indicated good reliability of the established relationships between sowing and maturity DOY of winter wheat and climate factors. Based on the established relationships, the gridded sowing and maturity DOY of wheat winter for the entire study area were calculated with ERA meteorological variables. Second, the MODIS EVI data (250 m) before and after maturity were used to calculate a decease slope for each pixel, and MODIS EVI data filtered by Savitzky-Golay (S-G) method were used to calculate the peak frequency of EVI curve between sowing and maturity stage of winter wheat for each pixel. Pixels with a decease slope less than -0.02 and peak frequency equal to 2 were identified as winter wheat. Before these calculations, the sowing and maturity DOY were obtained by resampling to the same resolution with MODIS EVI data. It was unnecessary to set different thresholds for different provinces or regions. Finally, the winter wheat area was obtained after being masked by the 250 m resolution dry land extracted and resampled from land use and land cover data with 1 km resolution. The statistical data were collected from yearbooks and used to validate the statistical area at city and county levels, respectively. Validation results showed that the R<sup>2</sup> (RMSE) values were 0.91 (60.08×10<sup>3</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>) and 0.80 (8.97×10<sup>3</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>) at city and county levels, respectively. The spatial distribution of winter wheat was also agreed well with the results of previous researchers. These demonstrated that the developed method produced a satisfactory accuracy and the result was reliable. The new approach considers the phenology difference and avoids the threshold set, and thus shows a good universal property to extract winter wheat area quickly over a large region.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Cultivation - Extraction - Food supply - Forestry - Land use - Landforms - Mean square error - Pixels - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Huanghuaihai Plain - MODIS EVI - Phenology difference - Universality - Winter wheat areas
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 481.1 Geology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 2.50e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20183705791946
Title:Modelling and verification for pitch angle of leveler machine in paddy fields based on time series analysis
Authors:Zhao, Runmao (1); Hu, Lian (1, 2); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Tang, Lingmao (1); Zhou, Hao (1); Du, Pan (1); He, Jing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Lian(lianhu@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:34-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Attitude of the agricultural machinery working in paddy fields varies along with the roughness of the bottom layer, which has great influence on the efficiency and quality of the operation. There are different kinds of profiling systems designed for making the agricultural implements match up the unevenness of field surface, such as the leveler machine and wide sprayer. Basically, for most of the feedback control system, the system error received by the controller always lags one period behind the machine motion, which certainly affects the real-time control. However, the model predictive controller (MPC) can make the control decision in advance according to the predictive information, thus could improve the accuracy and responding rate of control system. The predictive model is the key and basic step for the design of MPC. In order to realize the height control for leveler machine with MPC in paddy field, the model identification technique and parameter estimation method for the pitch angle of the leveler machine are put forward respectively and verified by experiments. There are four main steps to identify the model which are sensor data pre-processing, model structure determination, parameters estimation, and residual diagnostic. By taking the difference to the non-stationary pitch angle data of the leveler machine, a set of stationary time series was ready for modeling. Based upon Akaike information criterion (AIC) rule, order of the model was simply determined. To start with, the popular RLS method is adopted to estimate the model parameter, but it was found that the pitch error between the predictive output of the model and measurements increased with time, because the RLS was failing to make full use of the newer data of the sensor. As a result, the Method of forgetting factor recursive least square (FFRLS) was utilized to estimate and update parameters of the model in real-time, and value of the FF (λ=0.7) was adopted by carefully "trial and error" procedure. Finally, the ARMA (18, 17) was analyzed as the description of the pitch angle. The residual test was executed with the help of Matlab function which showed there was no autocorrelation in residuals, therefore the ARMA (18, 17) can be employed as the predictive model for the height control of leveler machine. The validity and accuracy of ARMA (18, 17) were further tested by comparing the model output with the measured pitch angles under 4 different practical conditions, which included crossing obstacles, crossing ditches, running on a slope and operating in the paddy field. The pitch angles were measured on-line by the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS, Mti-300) mounted on the leveler machine, and meanwhile, with the real-time pitch value, model parameters and predictive output were calculated using the proposed method at the same time. A good agreement was found between the output of model ARMA (18,17) and AHRS measurements on pitch angles. The maximum absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) are both less than 0.2° in all experiment situations, which verifies the validity of ARMA (18,17) to be used as the predictive model for describing the pitch angle of the leveler machine, and the effectiveness of FFRLS algorithm to be used on real-time parameters estimation of time series models. Above all, the proposed method can offer an accurate predictive model for the design of MPC of the leveler machine in paddy fields. Besides, the error analysis shows that the model is accurate enough on pitch angle prediction, so this method could be developed further to apply it on many other agricultural machinery applications. The algorithm was designed and analyzed with the pitch angle series, but methods for creating the predictive model of the three-axis attitude still needs further study.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Adaptive control systems - Agricultural implements - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Computer control systems - Control engineering - Controllers - Data handling - Errors - Feedback control - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Predictive control systems - Real time control - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Akaike information criterion - ARMA - Attitude and heading reference systems - FFRLS - Forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS) - Model predictive controllers - Modeling and measurement - Parameter estimation method
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20183705791951
Title:Estimation of winter wheat yield using optimal vegetation indices from unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing
Authors:Zhu, Wanxue (1, 2); Li, Shiji (1, 2); Zhang, Xubo (1); Li, Yang (1, 2); Sun, Zhigang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academic of Science, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Shandong Dongying Institute of Geographic Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academic of Science, Dongying; 257000, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Zhigang(sun.zhigang@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:78-86
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fast and accurate prediction of crop yield at field scale is an effective way to optimize agricultural management by government or local farmers for improving agriculture production. Compared with satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing monitoring system has some advantages, such as obtaining images at high spatial resolution rapidly and cost-effectively, and flying under the clouds at low altitude. The complex equations and methods were commonly used to improve accuracy of yield prediction, but lacked quickness and simplicity. Thus, the object of this study was to: 1) Explore the optimal vegetation index (VI) and operation time to enhance the accuracy and quickness of yield prediction by wing-fixed UAV during wheat growing season. 2) Verify and improve the applicability of this method based on satellite remote sensing to UAV remote sensing research. The study was carried out 3 times i.e. from green to jointing stage, from the heading to filling stage, and the maturation stage during winter wheat growing season in 2016 in Binzhou City, which is in northwestern Shandong Province. In order to get stable winter wheat canopy multi-spectral datum, the cloudless and calm weather with better lighting conditions were selected to conduct the monitoring. Whiteboard data were collected before each monitoring event for later radiation correction. UAV remote sensing images with a spatial resolution of 0.16 m were generated after radiation correction, image mosaic and orthographical correction. In addition, 9 common vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated from green, red, red edge and near-infrared images, including EVI2 (enhanced vegetation index without a blue band), MSAVI2 (modified secondary soil adjusted vegetation index), OSAVI (optimized soil adjusted vegetation index), NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), SAVI (soil adjusted vegetation index), MCARI (modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index), MTVI1 (modified triangular vegetation index), GNDVI (green normalized difference vegetation index) and MSR (modified simple ratio). Models of VIs and measured yield were obtained using the least squares regression method. To assess validity and generalization of the model, we validated models via the leave-one-out cross validation procedure which is applicable to small sample data. The measured yield data and UAV remote sensing data of wheat showed the spatial heterogeneity of different field yields and VIs were significant, so the samples have a good representation. Analysis of the multi-period UAV remote sensing images showed that R<sup>2</sup> values of 6 models reached 0.70 following the order of EVI2 > MSAVI2 > SAVI > MTVI1 > MSR > OSAVI. And corresponding RMSE (root mean square error) value of them followed the order of EVI2 < MSAVI2 < SAVI < MTVI1 < MSR < OSAVI. Moreover, due to remote sensing images with very high resolution, soil pixels could be filtered to gain pure vegetation pixels by threshold filtering method. Data in mature stage weren't suitable for prediction because of senescent leaves and lack of chlorophyll, so they were excluded. The soil filtered result showed the R<sup>2</sup> (n=34) of yield estimation was increased from about 0.20 to over 0.30 from the green to jointing stage, and corresponding RMSE and mean relative error were decreased. Although the R<sup>2</sup> of yield prediction models was not changed obviously from heading to filling stage, RMSE and mean relative error of them decreased remarkably. In summary, the heading-filling period was the optimal period for winter wheat yield prediction with VIs at a single stage, and corresponding optimal VI was EVI2 with R<sup>2</sup> (n=34) value of 0.73, and RMSE value of 579.93 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. We concluded that the traditional statistical regression method of crop yield and vegetation index is also suitable for UAV remote sensing, and optimal yield prediction model based on EVI2 can diagnose and assess the growth and yield of winter wheat quickly and accurately, which can provide a practical and high-efficiency way at low latitude for large-scale agricultural planting and management.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:50
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Antennas - Chlorophyll - Crops - Errors - Filling - Forecasting - Forestry - Image enhancement - Image resolution - Infrared devices - Infrared imaging - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Monitoring - Pixels - Regression analysis - Soils - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Growth period - Threshold filtering - Vegetation index - Winter wheat - Yield estimation
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 746 Imaging Techniques - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.60e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20183705791954
Title:Effects of winter irrigation on soil hydro-thermal features in desert oasis farmland in arid area during freezing and thawing period
Authors:Li, Jing (1, 2); He, Zhibin (1); Du, Jun (1); Chen, Longfei (1); Lin, Pengfei (1, 2); Zhu, Xi (1, 2); Fang, Shu (1, 2); Zhao, Minmin (1, 2); Tian, Quanyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:He, Zhibin(hzbmail@lzb.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:105-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Winter irrigation has proven to have positive effects on alleviating the "spring drought" and promoting the growth of crops. In seasonally frozen regions, a special rule of soil hydro-thermal movement is formed during the process of freezing and thawing. However, few studies have focused on the effects of winter irrigation on soil hydro-thermal dynamics in the farmland ecosystem of arid desert areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the soil hydro-thermal features during the freezing-thawing period after winter irrigation with simulated soil column experiment. The experiment was conducted in marginal farmlands of oasis in middle Hexi Corridor region, Gansu, China. It was located in arid and semi-arid desert-oasis areas. Two types of soil, i.e. ploughed aeolian sandy soil (newly cultivated sandy cropland) and ploughed grey-brown desert soil (old oasis cropland), were backfilled into the soil columns. Each type of soil had 3 repetitions. Winter irrigation (160 mm) was conducted on October 31, 2016. Then the ECH<inf>2</inf>O soil moisture-temperature sensors were employed to measure soil moisture content and soil temperature at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 cm soil depth from November 11, 2016 to April 11, 2017. In addition, the processes of soil water leakage were simulated and the effect of winter irrigation on deep leakage was analyzed. The results showed that an obvious difference existed in soil hydro-thermal dynamics between newly cultivated sandy cropland and old oasis cropland during the freezing-thawing period. In superficial layer (from 0 to 40 cm) and middle layer (from 40 to 100 cm), soil moisture content of the 2 types of soil reached the lowest level in January, and was basically recovered to the pre-freezing level after the soil thawed completely in April, and the soil water storages in these 2 layers in old oasis cropland were higher than that in newly cultivated sandy cropland. However, the change of soil water storage in deep layer (from 100 to 200 cm) was small for the 2 types of soil during the observation period. On January 18, 2017, the soil freezing depth of newly cultivated sandy cropland and old oasis cropland reached the highest value, and the highest value was 105 and 74 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, the duration of soil thawing process of old oasis cropland (26 d) was longer than that of newly cultivated sandy cropland (12 d). Nevertheless, the less thawing time for newly cultivated sandy cropland was detrimental to the soil water retention in spring. In addition, a significant difference in the deep leakage also existed between the 2 types of soil caused by winter irrigation. The deep leakage amount of newly cultivated sandy cropland was 4.1 times that of old oasis cropland when the winter irrigation amount was 160 mm. Above results suggested that the supplementary irrigation was necessary to ensure the germination of crops in spring in newly cultivated sandy cropland. Moreover, the "water preservation" effect in old oasis cropland was better than newly cultivated sandy cropland. As for different soil types, "water preservation" effect and lower deep leakage loss should be considered to ensure the optimal utilization of irrigation water resources in the desert oasis farmland management.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Crops - Ecosystems - Farms - Freezing - Landforms - Leakage (fluid) - Moisture - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Soils - Thawing - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Aeolian sandy soils - Desert oasis - Freezing and thawing - Freezing-thawing periods - Leakage loss - Optimal utilization - Soil water retention - Soil-column experiment
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 1.05e+00m, Size 1.60e+00m, Size 1.60e-01m, Size 1.80e+00m, Size 4.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 7.40e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20183705791963
Title:Identification of cold resistance in Vitis amurensis germplasms base on TTC staining index and Logistic equation
Authors:Zhao, Ying (1); Ai, Jun (1); Yang, Yiming (1); Wang, Zhenxing (1); Liu, Yingxue (1); He, Wei (1); Liu, Haishuang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun; 130112, China
Corresponding author:Ai, Jun(aijun1005@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:174-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Amur grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) is the most cold-resistant species in Vitis, and the important parent material in hardiness breeding. For the cold resistance, the dormant shoots have high heritability. However, there might be some differences on cold hardiness among amur grape germplasms in the field. A prerequisite to conducting research in the area of cold hardiness is a reliable method to determine tissue viability. So far, there were no readily available methods to evaluate cold resistance of amur grape shoot, which affected the further excavation and utilization of cold-resistant germplasm. Primarily the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was used in the identification of cold hardiness for many woody plants as a qualitative response, and if the red formazan derivative was produced, the tissue was considered to be viable, but whether this convenient method was suitable for amur grape or how to use it was not clear. The research was to set up a quick and reliable method for cold-resistant evaluation in V. amurensis germplasms at the dormancy stage. The 40 one-year-old dormant shoots of amur grape germplasms were collected as test materials. Eight freezing temperatures were -15, -20, -25, -30, -35, -40, -45 and -50℃, respectively. The chill treatment lasted 12 h and then the germplasms were recovered for 4 h at room temperature after chilling treatment. Both the cooling and heating rates were set 4.0℃/h. Then 10 sections with the thickness of 5 cm were cut from the shoots, added with 10 mL 0.5% TTC and dyed for 4 d in 30℃ incubator avoiding light. The staining areas of the longitudinal section were projected onto an LA2400 scanner attached to a WinRHIZO<sup>TM</sup> Image Analysis System (Regent Instruments Inc., Canada). The level of cold injury of each shoot was recorded as 5 levels based on the area of dyeing in the whole longitudinal section. Then staining index was calculated at related level. The results showed that staining indices and related freezing temperatures presented a typical inverted S-shape curve, moreover, the lower the treatment temperature, the smaller the dyeing index of the shoots, so the staining indices could reflect the changing process of shoot cold injury after freezing treatment. Therefore, the cold resistance of each germplasm was determined from the low semi-lethal temperature values using a logistic equation of staining indices, the low semi-lethal temperature was from -39.41 to -29.75℃, and the fitting degree was from 0.956 4 to 0.999 3 for 40 V. amurensis germplasms based on pictorial assessment of TTC staining image. The correlated analysis of low semi-lethal temperature values by fitting staining indices with average subordination values by subordinate function analysis and field germination rates were highly significantly negative correlation. The correlation coefficient was -0.883 03 and -0.876 70 respectively, which could reflect the actual activity of cold hardiness in the field. In conclusion, the method of pictorial assessment of TTC staining image is quick and convenient to operate, which has a certain feasibility and accuracy on the cold-resistant evaluation of V. amurensis germplasms at dormancy stage.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Freezing
Controlled terms:Chlorine compounds - Dyeing - Temperature - Tissue
Uncontrolled terms:Cold resistance - Germplasms - Logistic equations - Pictorial assessment - TTC staining - Vitis amurensis Rupr
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 641.1 Thermodynamics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e-01%, Size 5.00e-02m, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 4.32e+04s, Voltage 4.00e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20183705791973
Title:Reuse ways selection of abandoned open pits based on inference conditions and rules
Authors:Gao, Wenwen (1, 2); Bai, Zhongke (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing; 100872, China; (2) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Bai, Zhongke(baizk@cugb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:253-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Abandoned open pits are leftover waste lands after the closure of open-pit mining, and their number and size continue to increase. They have destroyed large quantities of land in the form of excavation and have different degrees of negative impact on ecological security and landscape. Therefore, under the serious population-land-economy contradiction background in China, the reuse of abandoned open pits is necessary and is an important aspect of green development and circular development. In order to better reuse abandoned open pits, the existing case studies of abandoned open pits reuse were summarized and were divided into agricultural production pattern, ecological conservation pattern, tourism entertainment pattern, science education pattern and social service pattern, and each reuse pattern included different reuse ways. Then a method of selecting reuse ways from the perspective of constraints was constructed, which was based on inference conditions and inference rules. The method selected 3 categories of restrictive conditions, which were open pit conditions, natural conditions and other conditions. To be specific, open pit conditions included size, pollution, slope stability, water accumulation in pit, depth and slope; natural conditions included solar radiation, dominant wind direction, irrigation and soil source; other conditions included traffic, distance from settlements, labor resources, technology, ideology and culture, public participation, and regional position relative to urban. Through expert consultation, literature extraction and specification inquiry, 58 inference conditions and 13 inference rules of reuse ways were formed. At last, the restrictive conditions were divided into permanent restrictions and temporary restrictive conditions. The former had strong restrictions while the latter had weak restrictions. The inference order was proposed according to principles of "permanently restrictive conditions first", "strongly restrictive conditions first", by which some strongly restrictive reuse ways could be ruled out quickly. Applying the method, reuse ways of 3 open pits in Pingshuo coal mine were selected. The results indicate that: (1) The method based on inference conditions and inference rules can select reuse ways of abandoned open pits. (2) By a preliminary inference, the study area can be used as ecological conservation area, refuse landfill, tourism entertainment area and photovoltaic power generation base, and in the decision-making process, these 4 types of reuse ways for 3 pits can be combined and coordinated to realize comprehensive reuse, considering the existing reclamation landscape, industrial planning, land use planning and economic conditions. (3) The decision result needs more detailed analysis and appraisal of multiple schemes, which is usually a subset of the inference results, may also be empty. The research can provide a reference for the reuse of open pits which have been closed or will be closed. However, the reuse of abandoned open pits is a complex and huge system, involving a variety of subjects and fields such as mining, geology, agriculture, forestry, environment, ecology, landscape, architecture and engineering. Therefore, conditions in this paper may need to be supplemented. In addition, this research is mainly based on reuse ways that are existing or in research worldwide. In practice, we can refer to it, and can go beyond the scope of this study as well.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Open pit mining
Controlled terms:Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Decision making - Economics - Forestry - Irrigation - Land reclamation - Land use - Photovoltaic cells - Slope stability - Soil pollution - Solar energy - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Inference - Open pit - Reuse - Selection - Wasteland
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20183705791979
Title:Microwave-assisted extraction of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids and its component analysis
Authors:Lou, Qiaoming (1); Xu, Hua (1); Wang, Yunpeng (1); Zhang, Jinjie (1); Yang, Wenge (1); Xu, Dalun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Marine Science, Ningbo; 315211, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:300-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Asterias rollestoni is the starfish belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, class Asteroidea. Asterias rollestoni is widely distributed in Chinese waters. The resource of Asterias rollestoni is abundant, and the amount is up to hundreds of thousands of tons every year. Moreover, Asterias rollestoni is rich source of valuable bioactive components, such as lipids, proteins, asterosaponin and polysaccharides. Therefore, Asterias rollestoni has high nutritional values and development potentials as raw materials for marine drugs and functional foods. Extensive investigations of Asterias rollestoni on chemistry and pharmacology have been published in ample literatures at present, but no literature has been reported on Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids, especially on lipid extraction and component analysis. In order to optimize the lipid extraction technology and analyze the lipid and fatty acid compositions of Asterias rollestoni gonads, the extraction process of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids was performed by microwave-assisted extraction, and the lipid and fatty acid compositions were also studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively in this paper. Taking extraction rate as an index, the effects of extraction solvent, liquid-solid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature were studied through the single-factor experiment and the orthogonal experimental design. The experimental results indicated that the optimal extraction process of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids was as follows: ethyl acetate as solvent, liquid-solid ratio of 7 mL/g, extracting time of 10 min, and extracting temperature of 60℃. On the optimized conditions, the extraction yield was up to 33.82%, showing that microwave-assisted extraction method had the advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption, and had a great application prospect for lipid extraction of Asterias rollestoni gonads. The predominant components of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids were triglycerides and phospholipids, while the contents of cholesterol and free fatty acids were relatively low. Meanwhile, C14:0, C16:0, C18:1n-7, C20:1n-11, C20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and C22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) were the main fatty acids, and the content of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 accounted for 21.56% of total fatty acids. Moreover, the contents of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were respectively 23.62% and 2.71%, and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was up to 8.72, which was significantly higher than the daily dietary ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 had positive effects on promoting the development of the nervous system and curative effects on preventing cardiovascular disease and anti-inflammatory. Additionally, the atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids were 0.81 and 0.29, respectively. In conclusion, Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids have high nutritional values and great exploitation prospects, and can prevent effectively atherosclerosis and thrombosis, and also can be the important dietary sources of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. The experimental results provide the theoretical basis for microwave-extraction, component analysis and comprehensive utilization of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Design of experiments - Diseases - Energy utilization - Fatty acids - Gas chromatography - Lipids - Mass spectrometry - Microwaves - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Nutrition - Petroleum prospecting - Phospholipids - Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Asterias rollestoni - Comprehensive utilizations - Food and agriculture organizations - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (GC-MS) - Gonads - Microwave-assisted extraction - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) - Orthogonal experimental design
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.16e+01%, Percentage 2.36e+01%, Percentage 2.71e+00%, Percentage 3.38e+01%, Specific_Volume 7.00e-03m3/kg, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20183705791947
Title:Design and experiment of hydraulically self-excited vibration subsoiler
Authors:Wang, Yunxia (1); Zhang, Dongxing (1); Yang, Li (1); Cui, Tao (1); Li, Yuhuan (1); Liu, Yanwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Li(yl_hb86@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:40-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Self-excited vibration subsoilers with springs present the shortages of poor adaptability and failure of vibration in different soil texture because of the constant stiffness and limited adjustment range of pre-tension force. Aiming at improving the working performance of self-excited vibration subsoiler, a new method characterized by hydraulically self-excited vibration source was provided. Meanwhile the self-excited vibration subsoiler with a hydraulic cylinder was designed. The new subsoiler mainly consists of a fixed mount to connect the subsoiler with the machine frame, a hydraulic cylinder served as the self-vibrating source, a connecting plate to connect the tine and the fixed mount, a press roll to compact the tilled soil surface thus reducing the water evaporation. The key design parameters of the hydraulic cylinder were determined by establishing the mechanics and kinematics model of the tine: the diameter D = 40 mm and the stroke S = 130 mm. The adjustable system for hydraulic cylinder pressure was set up. The adjustable system consists of two parts: electric control section and hydraulic section. The hydraulic section mainly includes the hydraulic source, an accumulator, a manual reducing valve and an electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve. The hydraulic source can be supplied by the tractor with hydraulic output connector. The accumulator is used to stabilize the system pressure and the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve is used to adjust the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder continuously and proportionally. The manual reducing valve is set between the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve and the accumulator to obtain desired value closely to the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder pressure, which is beneficial to avoid pulse impact caused by the electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve adjusting the pressure for the hydraulic cylinder. The electric control section is mainly composed of a controller, a touch screen and a DAC module (digital to analog converter). The electric control section communicates with the hydraulic system through the DAC module that transmits the signal volt from the controller to the analog volt for electromagnetic proportional pressure reducing valve to adjust the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder pressure. The target value of hydraulic pressure is input to the electric control section by the touch screen. The quadratic regression general rotation combination tests were conducted to investigate the influence of hydraulic cylinder pressure, operating speed and soil cone index on the working performance of hydraulically self-excited vibration subsoiler with a hydraulic cylinder. The traction and variation coefficient of tillage depth were selected as evaluation indexes. Results showed that the soil cone index and the operating speed had positive impact on variation index of tillage depth while the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder pressure had negative impact on variation index of tillage depth. The variation index of tillage depth was more influenced by hydraulic cylinder pressure and operating speed than soil cone index. The traction increased with the increase of the operating speed and hydraulic cylinder pressure and decreased after reaching the maximum value. The impact of the factors on the traction was followed with the soil cone index, the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the operating speed. The regression models with the variation index of tillage depth and the traction as the response value respectively were acquired and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained: the hydraulic cylinder pressure of 3.6 MPa, the operating speed of 1.4 km / h, the soil cone index of 1.18 MPa. Verification test was carried out to testify the regression models using the optimal combination of parameters. The traction and variation index of tillage depth were respectively 1 300.70 N and 3.56% that were better than the results of quadratic regression general rotation combination tests, which verified the reliability of the regression model. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the research of self-excited vibration subsoiling machine.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Hydraulic accumulators
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Controllers - Cylinders (shapes) - Digital to analog conversion - Experiments - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Mechanical actuators - Metal drawing - Pressure regulators - Regression analysis - Soils - Speed - Touch screens - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Key design parameters - Proportional pressure-reducing valves - Quadratic regression - Self-excited vibrations - Subsoiler - Variation coefficient - Vibration - Vibration sources
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 535.2 Metal Forming - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Force 3.01e+02N, Percentage 3.56e+00%, Pressure 1.18e+06Pa, Pressure 3.60e+06Pa, Size 1.30e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Velocity 3.89e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20183705791972
Title:Land consolidation function unit demarcation based on optimization of production, living and ecology space in peri-urban areas
Authors:Shen, Yue (1, 2); Yan, Jinming (3); Chen, Hao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing; 100871, China; (2) Land and Resources Planning Institute, Chinese Academy of Land and Resource Economics, Langfang; 065201, China; (3) School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing; 100872, China
Corresponding author:Yan, Jinming(yanjinming@ruc.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:243-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The most essential issue for the sustainable development of the peri-urban areas is how to optimize land use efficiency and coordinate spatial function of production, life and ecology. Land consolidation is one of the key solutions to address this issue. However, the study on the land consolidation is mainly limited to rural areas and focuses on farmland production, without considering the overall development and utilization of space. In order to fill the gaps, this study proposed a method to determine functional units for land consolidation (FULC) in peri-urban taking the overall development and utilization of space into consideration. The determination of FULC contained 4 steps. First, functional areas of land consolidation were decided by using the Delphi method and the figure layering method according to the regional development strategies. Second, the functional areas were divided into several evaluation units on the basis of internal homogeneity, implementation independence, evaluation operability and other principles. Third, the functional status of evaluation units was measured by regional commercial law and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method from 3 aspects, i.e. the spatial structure status, the spatial structure target and the space quality target, for 5 purposes, i.e. improving urban production, rural production, urban life, rural life, and ecology. Forth, cluster analysis of the consolidation function was performed to demarcate FULC by distance method and Delphi method. The dominant functions could be classified into 5 categories, i.e. fertile farmland consolidation, industrial land saving and intensive consolidation, rural residential environment consolidation, urban renewal consolidation and ecological comprehensive consolidation. Haidian District, Beijing, a typical peri-urban area, was used as a case to demonstrate this framework. Three functional areas for land consolidation were formed in Haidian District integrating multiple planning objectives, namely, the production-oriented ecological technical zone in the north, the ecology-oriented historical and cultural scenic spots in the middle, and the life-oriented Zhongguancun Science City in the south. In the areas, 93 evaluation units were chosen to evaluate in Step 2-4. Finally, 54 FULCs were determined, including a fertile farming consolidation unit, 28 rural residential environment consolidation units, 5 industrial land saving and intensive consolidation units, 17 urban renewal consolidation units and 3 ecological comprehensive consolidation units. As a result, the spatial optimization function of comprehensive land consolidation could be fully played through the demarcation of FULC. Therefore, spatial structure was optimized effectively, for instance, agricultural production space would be increased by 975 hm<sup>2</sup>, and 3 061 hm<sup>2</sup> rural life space and 308 hm<sup>2</sup> urban living space would be improved, in addition 617 hm<sup>2</sup> collective industrial park would be upgraded. Furthermore, the quality of space development was guaranteed, for example, the quality level of farmland would be increased by 1.4 grades, the level of agricultural scale and industrialization would be increased by 3.7%, and the construction land area for unit GDP (gross domestic product) would be reduced by 8% annually. In conclusion, the analysis shows that the method can provide technical support and practical references for planners and executors to the differentiation design of land comprehensive consolidation based on functional orientation in peri-urban areas.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Cluster analysis - Decision making - Ecology - Farms - Function evaluation - Functional assessment - Houses - Land use - Planning - Quality control - Regional planning - Sustainable development - Urban planning - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive evaluation - Development and utilizations - Farmland consolidations - Functional units - Land consolidations - Peri-urban areas - Regional development strategies
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.5 Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20183705791945
Title:Development of 4UGS2 type double-row sweet potato harvester
Authors:Li, Tao (1); Zhou, Jin (1); Xu, Wenyi (1); Li, Qinglong (1); Zhang, Hua (1); Qin, Xitian (1); Li, Na (1); Li, Weihua (1); Guo, Dayong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan; 250100, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Jin(273550766@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:26-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, the domestic potato harvest machinery suitable for working in small plot is characterized by small size, lower power, lower efficiency and single function compared with the foreign harvest machinery. There are few large and medium-sized harvesters on the market. The development of sweet potato harvester adopts the mature techniques of potato harvester, and the best method for harvesting sweet potato according to the growth status of sweet potato was not found. At the same time, the research on precision agriculture technology and intelligent equipment in China is still in its beginning stage. To promote the extensive application of modern information technology, biotechnology, agricultural science, hydraulic and electronic control technology in agricultural equipment is very important to the development of sweet potato harvest machinery. Aimed at the extrusive problems in the domestic sweet potato harvester, such as lower level of mechanical automation, deficiency of automatic alignment system and automatic depth control system, greater resistance in excavation, easy to plug and inefficient soil separation, we design and develop 4UGS2 type double-row sweet potato harvester. 4UGS2 harvester consists of rack frame drawbar and ground wheel, cutting soil disc, digging shovel, pressing grass wheel, separating and conveying device, transmission system and electronic control system. The electronic control system includes automatic alignment system and automatic depth control system, which can control the position and depth of the mining accurately. The anti-blocking mechanism of excavator can effectively ensure the smooth flow of soil, and relieve soil plugging and weeds winding so as to reduce working resistance. Automatic depth control system can adjust the digging depth in real time according to the ground condition, solving the problem of automatic control of digging depth during the operation of harvester. Two-stage soil-potato separating device and three-head shaking driving wheel device can ensure more effective separation of soil. Automatic alignment system can adjust the excavator's position in the middle of the ridge and improve the automation level and operation performance of sweet potato harvester. The harvest tests included 3 states, in which tractor driving speed is 1.95, 1.40 and 0.91 m/s, respectively. The results show that 4UGS2 harvester exhibits better performances and adaptation on the moist land with soft soil and less hardening. At the same time, the driving speed of the tractor and the separating speed of the soil-potato mechanism are the important factors that affect the quality of the harvest. The relationship between the driving speed and the separating speed should be deeply studied. When the speed of the tractor is rising, the obvious rate is reduced, the injury rate is increased, the skin-damaged rate is reduced, the productivity is increased, and the reliability is not changed much. When the driving speed is higher, due to the increase of materials per unit time and the incomplete separation of potato, the obvious rate is reduced and the injury rate is increased. As there are more materials entering the secondary separation device, the friction between sweet potato and the separation chain is alleviated and the skin-damaged rate is reduced. When the driving speed is lower, due to the decrease of materials per unit time, the obvious rate is increased and the injury rate is reduced. Meanwhile, at the end of the secondary separation mechanism, it will lead to increased wear and tear between sweet potato and separation transportation chain, resulting in a sharp increase in the skin-damaged rate. When the harvester is matched with a tractor with the rated power of 110 kW and 1.40 m/s driving speed, its working productivity achieves 0.80 hm<sup>2</sup>/h. Meanwhile, the potato obvious rate, injury rate, skin-damaged rate and reliability are 97.40%, 1.85%, 1.83% and 95%, respectively. Compared with the traditional model, the potato obvious rate of the designed model increased by 6.23 per cent, the potato injury rate decreased by 4.11 per cent, the skin-damaged rate decreased by 3.11 per cent, and the productivity increased by 0.19 hm<sup>2</sup>/h. 4UGS2 is characterized by its stable and reliable work, efficient operation and higher production. This study can provide effective reference for the development of intelligent technology employed in similar harvesting machinery.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Harvesters
Controlled terms:Automation - Chains - Construction equipment - Control systems - Crops - Electric power transmission - Excavation - Excavators - Harvesting - Hydraulic control equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Industrial electronics - Mechanization - Productivity - Servomechanisms - Soils - Speed - Testing - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - Anti-blocking mechanisms - Automatic depth controls - Electronic control systems - Intelligent technology - Modern information technologies - Precision agriculture technology - Sweet potato
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.83e+00%, Percentage 1.85e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.74e+01%, Power 1.10e+05W, Velocity 1.40e+00m/s, Velocity 9.10e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20183705791959
Title:Design and application of digital system for agricultural park based on panorama GIS
Authors:Wang, Yuansheng (1); Li, Yuling (2); Wu, Huarui (1); Guo, Wei (1); Chen, Cheng (1); Meng, Shuchun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050041, China; (3) Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuling(nkyLyL2013@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:143-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Internet of things (IoT) and big data are both important technologies that are promoting the development of the current society and economy. The key point of the modern agriculture is to upgrade traditional industries by using information technology, to realize the production, management and decision by using data and online service. Agricultural park informationization construction is important starting point of structural reforms for the supply side under the strategy of rural rejuvenation. Taking the agricultural park digital management as an example, in order to solve the difficulties of information resource insufficient and management model needs to be improved, the digital management technology was put forward, which is suitable for small scale agriculture park. By obtaining datas through the approaches such as internet of things, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and scientific research collaboration, a panoramic geographic information system (GIS) digital cloud service systems with 4 core functions was designed. Firstly, the high frequency concurrent data access framework for MySQL database system, which can scatter the pressure from single storage node to more others, was designed to receive and save the IoT monitoring data with low energy cost and highly reliable extension, the traditional storage mechanism was replaced by unified storage strategy through the peer to peer routing algorithms, which specifying the site and direction of every records, so as to ensure the safety and stability of the data storage system in the data center. Secondly, the park holographic information management system was designed, which can greatly enhance the real scene effect of 2D map from multiple aspects of 3D view, can trigger the query event like IoT monitoring data query and analysis based on the accurate conversion of the coordinates between panoramic image and panoramic hemisphere, can realize 3D management with much lower cost than traditional 3D modeling by processing UAVs images and setting active points. Thirdly, in order to meet the urgent need of deep mining analysis of IoT monitoring, the online data mining analysis model,was designed, which can reduce the dimension of IoT monitoring data based on optimizing the parameters in ARIMA (p, d, q) model based on differentiation process and the stability of analyzed datas, and other models such as AR (p), MA (q) and ARMA (p, q) under the premise were also consisted. Finally, in order to meet the urgent requirements of result analyz of variety breeding and cultivation pattern test under background of resources endowment, the collaborative analysis of experimental datas was researched and developed to solve the interdisciplinary analysis problems between analysts and agricultural technology personnel. On the basis of all above, because of the advantages of light weighted technology architecture and strong extensibility of digital resources integration pattern for the cloud service system of digital agricultural park, the digital system for agricultural park based on panorama GIS can not only upgrade the level of precise agricultural production and management by the core digital data services based on the technologies of IoT and panorama GIS, but also can provide technical support to achieve "high quality, high efficiency, ecology, safety" for agriculture production.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Antennas - Big data - Cost benefit analysis - Cultivation - Data mining - Digital storage - Distributed computer systems - Distributed database systems - Geographic information systems - Image enhancement - Information technology - Information use - Internet - Internet of things - Monitoring - Peer to peer networks - Query processing - Search engines
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural technologies - Agriculture productions - Holographic information - Interdisciplinary analysis - Internet of Things (IOT) - Management technologies - Scientific collaboration
Classification code:722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 903 Information Science - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20183705791977
Title:Effects of unfreezing by autoclaving during freeze-thaw treatment on amylopectin breaking in different gelatinized starches
Authors:Wang, Danli (1); Jiang, Rongxia (2); Liu, Mengjie (2); Lian, Xijun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin; 300134, China; (2) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin; 300134, China
Corresponding author:Lian, Xijun(lianliu2002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:284-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Freezing and autoclaving-thawing were necessary steps to produce different food with starchy dough, in which the damage of starch granule and the rupture of some amylopectin into amylose brought many unpredictable effects to the physical properties of dough and food. Many studies had been carried out to hinder the detrimental effects of freeze-thaw treatment on food properties, but few of them were practical. The main reason was lack of the basic data about the property change of starch in dough during freeze-thaw treatment. Sweet potato, potato and maize starches were often added into dough to produce steam bread with a particular quality. The properties of those foods were traditionally controlled by empirical knowledge. It was difficult to investigate the effects of freezing-thawing treatment on properties of different starches when they were mixed together. So the starches were treated individually in the paper. The effects of heating temperature, heating time, freezing time and thawing time on change of amylose content in gelatinized wheat, sweet potato, potato and maize starches were determined, which indirectly reflected the fracture of amylopectin. The possible fracture modes of amylopectin in different starches during freezing-thawing process were presented based on analysis of the distribution of starch molecular weight, chain length distribution, optical and SEM micrographs before and after freeze-thaw treatment. The results showed that the amylose contents in all starches firstly increased and then decreased and the maximum amylose contents of those 4 starches were present when the freezing time was 48, 48, 48 and 72 h, respectively. So the freezing time of gelatinized wheat, sweet potato, potato and maize starches should not exceed 48, 48, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Light micrograph observations indicated that the freeze-thaw treatment made more gelatinized granules broken. There were 2 growths of amylose contents during freeze-thaw treatments, and the first was derived from amylose leaching of more broken granules and the second stemmed from fracture of amylopectin. For wheat starch, branched chains with 5, 6, 7 glucose residues were broke into 2+2+1, 2+2+2 and 2+2+2+1 residues respectively; for sweet potato starch, those chains with 10, 11, 13 glucose residues were broke into 3+3+4, 2+2+3+4 and 2+2+2+3+4 residues respectively; for potato starch, chains with 5, 6 glucose residues were broke into 2+3, 2+4 or 3+3 residues respectively; for maize starch, those with 7, 8, 9 glucose residues were broke into 2+5, 3+5 and 3+3+3 residues respectively. Freeze-thaw treatment made more amyloses leach out from granule, providing more amylose to involve in quick retrogradation, which led to the shortage of food shelf. Freeze-thaw treatment also could make amylose broken into polysaccharides and bring sweet taste to corresponding foods, which would deteriorate food properties. Those findings in the paper probably provided a way to screen seeds with freeze-thaw-stable starch. That is, genetic methods are used to control plants to reduce the synthesis of starch with side chains that are susceptible to breakage. Further studies in relation to interaction between those broken amyloses and proteins such as glutenin, gliadin should be performed deeply.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Amylopectins
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Chain length - Chains - Cyclodextrins - Fracture - Freezing - Glucose - Granulation - Leaching - Plants (botany) - Quality control - Starch - Thawing - Thermal processing (foods)
Uncontrolled terms:Amylose - Chain length distribution - Empirical knowledge - Freeze-thaw - Freezing-thawing treatment - Gelatinized starch - Heating temperatures - Sweetpotato starch
Classification code:602.1 Mechanical Drives - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.73e+05s, Time 2.59e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20183705791962
Title:Three dimensional information extraction from maize tassel based on stereoscopic vision
Authors:Han, Dong (1, 2); Yang, Guijun (1); Yang, Hao (1); Qiu, Chunxia (2); Chen, Mingjie (2); Wen, Weiliang (1); Niu, Qinglin (1, 3); Yang, Wenpan (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710054, China; (3) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Guijun(yanggj@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:166-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The phenotypic information of maize tassel has important reference significance for maize breeding. In this study, 17 maize tassel samples were collected at the harvest stage for the purpose of obtaining the three-dimensional phenotypic information of tassels automatically. The samples were collected by the experimenter from the field and then the photogrammetry was taken indoors with them. The overlapping rate of each image is greater than 60%, and finally 72 multi-view photos were obtained for each tassel sample. Acquired tassel multi-view photos were used for three-dimensional modeling processing in the VisualSFM software. Since the reconstructed tassel three-dimensional model includes tassels and background plates, there are a large number of noise points. Therefore, it cannot be directly used for extracting phenotypic information. In this study, the three-dimensional model of tassel was first preprocessed, including point cloud thinning, noise removal, background plate separation and other steps. Then, the three-dimensional model results obtained by program were used to compute tassel phenotype information. For the obtained tassel samples, the number of branches, the main axis length, the maximum diameter of the main axis, the minimum diameter of the main axis, the maximum canopy diameter, the maximum canopy height and other information were manually measured. The artificially acquired phenotypic information is used as a verification dataset for the results of the phenotypic information calculated with the program. The number of tassel branches, tassel volume, main axis information (length, maximum diameter, minimum diameter of main axis), information of maximum canopy (diameter and height), total projected area and other parameters of information were calculated using computer methods for statistics. The statistics of the number of branches use density-based clustering method. The algorithm divides a region with sufficient density into clusters and finds arbitrarily shaped clusters in the noisy spatial database (the largest set of points with density connected), which takes full advantage of the spatial information of the three-dimensional point cloud. Compared with previous studies, this method is based on the characteristics of density and distance clustering; the algorithm can find clusters of arbitrary shape, providing a new idea for statistics of branch numbers, and has better operability. With the statistic method of tassel volume and vertical projection area, a statistical method based on convex hull is proposed. Tassel point cloud is divided into 30 layers from top to bottom, and the envelope convex surface of each point cloud is obtained. The convex surface consists of a Delaunay triangulation network. The area of each convex hull is calculated, and then multiplied by the distance between the 2 layers. After accumulating sum, it is the outer volume of the tassel that can represent the structure information of tassel more truly. It is more in line with the demand for phenotypic information of maize breeding researchers. In addition, the study also proposed the definition of tassel-related phenotypic parameters (tassel spatial aggregation, tassel plane aggregation, tassel head-to-stem ratio, tassel canopy height ratio, main axis variation coefficient, and tassel center of gravity). The final experimental results showed that the maximum absolute error of branching number was 2, the RMSE (root mean square error) was 1.03, and the nRMSE (normalized root mean square error) was 0.05. The R<sup>2</sup> of the major axis length, the maximum/minimum diameter of the major axis, the maximum crown height and the maximum crown diameter were 0.99, 0.82, 0.83, 0.97 and 0.93, respectively; the RMSE was 0.228 1, 0.219 4, 0.164, 4.03, and 3.252 cm, respectively. All reach extremely significant levels. The results of the study reached the accuracy criteria for tassel phenotyping. The results provide reference for high-throughput automatic acquisition of phenotypic information and give a new method for breeding based on the phenotype information of tassel.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Three dimensional computer graphics
Controlled terms:Clustering algorithms - Computational geometry - Computer vision - Crops - Digital cameras - Errors - Mean square error - Plates (structural components) - Statistics - Stereo image processing
Uncontrolled terms:Delau-nay triangulations - Density-based Clustering - Maize tassel - RMSE (root mean square error) - Tassel phenotype information - Three-dimensional information - Three-dimensional point clouds - Three-dimensional reconstruction
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 3.25e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20183705791953
Title:Suitable water and fertilizer amount for mature jujube with drip-irrigation under fertigation in southern Xinjiang sandy area
Authors:Wang, Zhenhua (1, 2); Bian, Qingyong (1); Li, Wenhao (1); Li, Zhaoyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corp, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:96-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of water and fertilizer on yield and quality of jujube under drip irrigation that changed from flooding, a field experiment was conducted to find the optimal irrigation and fertilizer combination with the higher water and fertilizer use efficiency. The statistical analysis methods of multivariate quadratic regression and normalization were used in this paper. The local jujube variety of Jun-jujube(9 years) was chosen for test material. The conventional flooding irrigation with irrigation and fertilizer quota as 1100 mm and 900 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N:P:K = 2:1:1.5) respectively was selected as the control group (CK). In this study, the irrigation and fertilizer treatments were designed with a two-factor and three-level quadratic orthogonal rotated composite experiment. The irrigation amount treatments in three levels was W1 (45% CK), W2 (65% CK), W3 (85% CK), and fertilizer treatments in three levels was F1 (45% CK), F2 (65% CK), F3 (85% CK), respectively. The results showed that the effects of irrigation on soil nutrients (total N, available P, available K) and irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) reached significant level (P < 0.05) in the jujube growth period of flowering and swelling. The effects of fertilization on soil nutrient and fertilizer partial productivity (PFP) reached significant level (P < 0.05) in the period of jujube flowering and swelling. However, the interaction effects of irrigation and fertilization on soil nutrients, yield and jujube quality indicators reached significant level (P < 0.05) at the whole stages of growth. The soil nutrients in 0-40 cm layer were higher under flooding irrigation than that under drip irrigation. There was a nutrient transition layer at depth of 40~60 cm. while the soil nutrients were significantly lower under flooding irrigation than that of drip irrigation in the soil layer of 60-100 cm. The W2F3 treatment had the better soil nutrient environment in the root zone for the different irrigation and fertilizer treatments. Comparing with flooding irrigation, the maximum soil nutrients value under the drip irrigation were W2F3 treatment generally. The drip irrigation treatment of W2F3 had the highest yield, but there was no significant difference with CK (P > 0.05). The maximum value of iWUE and PFP was W1F3 and W3F1 treatment, respectively. The maximum value of total sugar, vitamin C and total acid was in W2F2, W3F3 and W3F1 treatment, respectively. W3F2 treatment and CK had significant difference (P < 0.05) in the net income, and increased by 1.95% comparing with the CK. The mathematic model of water-fertilizer investment and jujube indicators was established through multiple quadratic regression analysis, and the suitable investment of water and fertilizer obtained from the mathematic model were ranged in 651~806 mm and 708~806 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, where N (311-345 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>), P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> (156-178 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>), K<inf>2</inf>O (233-267 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). The study can provide a reference for the optimal irrigation and fertilization management of jujube cultivation in the southern Xinjiang sandy area with drip irrigation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Nutrients
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Fertilizers - Floods - Quality control - Regression analysis - Soils - Subirrigation - Water - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation - Irrigation and fertilizers - Irrigation water use efficiency - Jujube - Multivariate quadratics - Soil nutrients - Statistical analysis methods - Xinjiang
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.95e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.10e+00m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 6.51e-01m to 8.06e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20183705791968
Title:Lime based amendments inhibiting uptake of cadmium in rice planted in contaminated soils
Authors:Shi, Lei (1); Guo, Zhaohui (1); Peng, Chi (1); Xiao, Xiyuan (1); Xue, Qinghua (1); Ran, Hongzhen (1); Feng, Wenli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Zhaohui(zhguo@csu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:209-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Contamination of heavy metals in agricultural soil has been a worldwide challenge for the food security and the health. Especially, cadmium contamination in soil, it is a serious problem in south China. Therefore, it is imperative to develop remediation techniques which are able to stabilize contaminants in situ in an efficient and cost effective manner. Lime is widely employed as a heavy metal immobilizing agent in soil, however, using excess amount of lime can lead to alkaline and compacted soil. In this regards, lime based amendments were considered as an effective remediation method of heavy metals in soils. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of lime based amendments on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L) in paddy soil under different Cd levels. The treatments were designed as follows: CK, lime (L), lime + sepiolite (LS), lime + organic fertilizer (LO), lime + calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (LP), lime+ calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + organic fertilizer (LPO), lime+ sepiolite +organic fertilizer (LSO). The amendments were mixed with the soils by plowing repeatedly, then the soils were equilibrated for 7 days under a maintained soil moisture. The rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L.) was transplanted to soils on April, 2016. Three guard rows were set up around each plot to prevent rice cross-pollination between adjacent treatments. Rice samples from each treatment plot were collected at harvest time (July, 2016). The results showed that the soil pH value were increased significantly after the application of lime based amendments in the field, and the contents of Cd in rice root, stem and brown rice were reduced significantly. Compared with the control plot, the average pH value of soils raised 1.08, 0.96 and 0.93 units respectively under LS, LO and LSO treatments, and the acid extraction Cd contents in soils were reduced by 20.6%, 15.6% and 21.2%, respectively under LS, LO and LSO treatments. The Cd contents in brown rice were lower than the National Standard of Pollutant in Food of China (GB 2762-2012) under L, LS, LO and LPO treatments in paddy soils under all Cd pollution levels. The brown rice Cd content was 0.119, 0.122 and 0.151 mg/kg and reduced significantly by 48.3%, 46.7% and 34.2%, respectively, compared to the control, in mild Cd contaminated soils in LS, LP and LO treatment. With lime mixed with organic fertilizer, calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer application, the brown rice Cd content was 0.113, 0.125 and 0.150 mg/kg and reduced significantly by 52.8%, 47.8% and 37.5%, respectively, compared to the control, in the moderate Cd contaminated soil. Likewise, in heavy contaminated soil, the brown rice Cd content was 0.156, 0.177 and 0.184 mg/kg and reduced significantly by 51.2%, 44.6% and 42.5%, respectively, compared to the control, with lime mixed with calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and sepiolite application. Correlation analysis showed that the total Cd contents and acid extraction Cd contents in the soils were positively correlated with the Cd contents in rice root, stem leaf and brown rice (P<0.05). The results showed that the application of LS, LO and LPO treatments can meet the food safety standards in the Cd pollution paddy soils.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Availability - Cadmium - Calcium phosphate - Chemical contamination - Contamination - Cost effectiveness - Extraction - Food safety - Food supply - Heavy metals - Lime - Magnesia - Magnesium compounds - pH - Phosphate fertilizers - Phosphates - Pollution control - Remediation - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Amendment - Cadmium contamination - Cd-contaminated soils - Correlation analysis - Heavy metals in soil - Magnesium phosphates - Organic fertilizers - Rice
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 2.06e+01%, Percentage 2.12e+01%, Percentage 3.42e+01%, Percentage 3.75e+01%, Percentage 4.25e+01%, Percentage 4.46e+01%, Percentage 4.67e+01%, Percentage 4.78e+01%, Percentage 4.83e+01%, Percentage 5.12e+01%, Percentage 5.28e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20183705791964
Title:Prediction for outlet water temperature of borehole heat exchangers based on Hammerstein-Wiener model
Authors:Zhang, Changxing (1); Wang, Yusheng (1); Liu, Yufeng (1); Kong, Xiangqiang (2); Wang, Qing (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266590, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266590, China; (3) School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266590, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:181-186
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The ground-coupled heat pump system (GCHPs) has been recognized as being among the most energy efficient systems for space heating and cooling in residential and commercial buildings. Over the last several decades, many efforts had been made on appropriate design and optimal sizing of GCHPs. However, control and optimization of GCHPs were also important to improve their operating efficiency while providing satisfied indoor thermal comfort, and modeling of GCHPs was essential for appropriate analysis and improvement of its control system. The most challenging and important part of the model development for a particular application was the process of identifying the model order and the optimum parameters. The adjustment of parameters of a model was a necessary tool for the design, commissioning, operation, control, optimization and diagnostic processes in order to describe the behavior and dynamics of GCHPs. A properly identified model could provide good results, higher accuracy and minimum calculation time. As the most important part, borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) play a key role in improving the operating efficiency of GCHPs. For BHEs, time scales (larger amount of data), varying loads (thermal history) and multiple boreholes (thermal interactions) are the three major challenges to obtain the optimal design of BHEs based on the operating performance simulation of GCHPs. Most of BHEs models were based on either numerical methods or analytical approaches, and the incorporation models of the analytical and numerical solutions were also developed. Numerical methods had been used for development of response functions and research purposes, and numerical models for single BHE that utilize custom resistance networks inside the borehole had shown some promise. However, it is difficult for numerical methods or analytical approaches to be used to predict the operating performance so that on-line control strategy of GCHPs is applied. Considering the control requirements for energy-saving operation of GCHPs, a control-oriented modeling of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) using the Hammerstein-Wiener (H-W) model was proposed in this paper. The H-W model could represent the dynamics of BHEs by a linear transfer function and capture the nonlinearities using nonlinear functions of inputs and outputs of the linear system, and combine one or two static nonlinear blocks in series with a linear block which is a discrete transfer function that represented the dynamic component of BHEs. Based on the structural characteristics and nonlinearity nature, the H-W model was identified by Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm using the 168 h dynamic real-time inlet and outlet water temperature of BHEs. Furthermore, the other 48h dynamic inlet water temperatures were as the model input, the fitting goodness between the model predictive values and the corresponding data was 99.44%, so the prediction accuracy of H-W model was higher. In the 1000-time continuous tests of the H-W model identification and verification, more than 90% fitting goodness accounted for 83%. The identification of the H-W model of BHEs is fast, with high prediction accuracy and strong stability in continuous online prediction, which guaranteed the implementation of online optimization control of GCHPs.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Numerical models
Controlled terms:Boreholes - Cooling systems - Energy conservation - Energy efficiency - Forecasting - Geothermal heat pumps - Heat pump systems - Linear systems - Models - Number theory - Numerical methods - Office buildings - Temperature - Transfer functions
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical and numerical solutions - Borehole heat exchangers - Discrete transfer functions - Ground-coupled heat pump systems - Hammerstein-Wiener models - Levenberg Marquardt optimizations - Outlet-water temperatures - Structural characteristics
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.30e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.94e+01%, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 6.05e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20183705791950
Title:Design of PID automatic control system for depth into earth of intra-row weeding components and its bench experiment
Authors:Han, Bao (1); Yang, Ya'nan (1); Wang, Hongwei (2); Fan, Wei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station, Beilin District of Suihua City, Suihua; 152053, China; (3) Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station of Harbin, Harbin; 150031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:68-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical weeding is considered as an essential component in organic farming. It takes advantage of the features that crop seedlings have better developed root system whose distribution is broader and deeper than young weeds during intra-row mechanical weeding in farmland. According to above characteristics, young weeds between seedlings can be removed by claw-tooth and other mechanical components that loosen or move the intra-row topsoil. So, the claw-tooth loosening depth has great influence on mechanical weeding performance. However, existing intra-row mechanical weeders still have problem of poor working depth control due to their claw-tooth depth into earth controlled by the depth wheel walking between the crop rows. It is impossible for claw-tooth to be kept at stable loosening depth into earth during intra-row mechanical weeding, because of the variations in soil properties, including bulk density, moisture content and surface topography, which can lead to working depth variations. So the poor working depth control is one of the main reasons to high injury rate of seedlings and poor weeding effect during intra-row mechanical weeding. To improve depth control, an automatic control system, consisting of hydraulic system, regulating mechanism, ultrasonic distance measuring module, control unit and driving plate, was developed, which converts the difference between the desired spacing and the spacing measured by the ultrasonic distance measuring module into an input signal that is sent to the solenoid valve of hydraulic system. This will result in an extension or contraction movement of the hydraulic cylinder in the regulating mechanism, which changes the relative position of the weeding claw-tooth with respect to the soil surface and thus also its loosening depth and keeps the parts of soybean intra-raw mechanical weeding unit at a constant penetration depth. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate the automatic control system based on ultrasonic distance measurement, which can be used to improve the working depth control of intra-row mechanical weeders. On the basis of research and development of comb-type intra-row weeding mechanism, an automatic control system for loosening depth of weeding parts was designed. A mathematical model of a hydraulic control system for the weeding parts' depth adjustment was established. Simulation and PID (proportion, integration, differentiation) emendation were carried out in MATLAB/Simulink based on the established transfer function. The simulation results showed that the steady-state response time was 0.48 s, and the static error range was 0.06-0.09 mm when the PID control algorithm was used to track control the desired loosening depth. And test and control test-bed research of the loosening depth for intra-row weeding parts based on the automatic control system were carried out. The experimental results of depth measurement showed that the control system was able to detect the depth in motion, and was not affected by the seedlings, grass and soil characteristics on the surface of the earth. At the working speed of 0.278, 0.556 and 0.833 m/s, the average contrast errors of measuring values were 4.95, 5.36 and 5.90 mm respectively, which were obtained by measurement with HC-SR04 ultrasonic module and manual measurement for the location of each sample point, and the maximum contrast errors were 6.6, 7.4 and 8.3 mm respectively. The experimental results of depth control showed that the stability control in loosening depth for weeding parts of intra-row mechanical weeding can be achieved. At the soil bin traveling speed of 0.278 m/s, the loosening depth variation of weeding parts could be controlled in the range of (30±8) mm, which could meet the deep control requirement of intra-row weeding. The research provides solution and idea to solve the problem of stable controlling in loosening depth of intra-row weeding parts, and also provides reference for research and development of soybean intra-row mechanical weeder with automatic control in depth and good working performance.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automation - Control engineering - Crops - Distance measurement - Errors - Experiments - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - MATLAB - Process control - Seed - Soil testing - Soils - Solenoid valves - Surface topography - Three term control systems - Ultrasonic applications
Uncontrolled terms:Constant penetration - Depth control - Hydraulic control systems - Mechanical components - Mechanical weeding - Research and development - Steady-state response - Ultrasonic distance measurements
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.36e-03m, Size 5.90e-03m, Size 6.00e-05m to 9.00e-05m, Size 7.40e-03m, Size 8.30e-03m, Time 4.80e-01s, Velocity 2.78e-01m/s, Velocity 5.56e-01m/s, Velocity 8.33e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20183705791965
Title:Light absorption properties of water body filled with light absorption particles in solar-concentrating brackish water distillation device
Authors:Chang, Zehui (1, 2); Liu, Yang (1); Hou, Jing (3); Li, Wenlong (1); Zheng, Hongfei (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Wind and Solar Power Energy Utilization Technology Ministry of Education and Inner Mongolia Construction, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (3) College of Mechanical Electrical Heating and Ventilation Engine, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot; 010070, China; (4) School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:187-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The earth is covered by approximately 70% water, while only 1% of existing earth's water can be regarded as suitable for both human and agriculture needs. Unfortunately, with the world's population growth, industrialization and climate change, the situation of the freshwater shortage will become even more serious. To seek solution for this problem, one of the valuable solutions is the desalination technology, which converts to pure and safe water from the current non-drinkable water supplies like seawater, brackish water and other dissipated water. Recently, the number of desalination plants has been growing, but industrialization desalination system consuming fossil fuel will provoke the crisis of environment. The water shortage regions are always blessed with abundant solar energy, so it is attractive alternative to utilize solar energy for the desalination of saline water to meet freshwater need. Among solar desalination technologies, solar distillation technology is used to provide pure water from non-drinkable water by solar energy directly and is suitable to supply water in remote area for small-scale application due to simple structure, easy material getting and less cost. However, solar distillation technology has some obstacles, such as low efficiency, little profitability rate of clean water and larger heat transfer resistance. In case of desalination process, to improve water production, the solar concentration is coupled with solar distillation. The thermal conversion of solar energy by means of solar concentrator makes it possible to reach high temperatures able to boil the salted water with higher pressures. However, there exists the structural mismatch between low efficiency of the solar collector system at high temperature and low efficiency of the brackish water desalination system at low temperature. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, a novel solar brackish water distillation desalination device based on dish type concentrating is proposed in present work. Compared with conventional solar brackish water distillation, it has some advantages, such as compact structure, multi-effect operation and heat recovery operation. During the operation, the concentrating solar energy is utilized to directly shine into the brackish water body filled with great amount of black porous particles to produce steam for repeated usage. It results in the decreasing heat and mass transfer resistance and heat exchange. The operation principle of the device was introduced. The light absorption properties of the brackish water body in the device were measured and investigated in optical darkroom. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of abundance, material of light absorption particles, optical path and diameter of particles on the light absorption properties of the water body under simulated non-boiling condition and simulated boiling condition. The results indicate that the water added with smaller light absorption particles has better light absorption performance. Under non-boiling condition, the light absorption rate of the water body filled with particles of 0.5 mm diameter increases by about 9.0% compared to that with particles of 1.0 mm. The light absorption rate of the water body with particle abundance of 6.7 g/L is 4.94 times that of the water body with particle abundance of 0.75 g/L under boiling condition. In addition, the light absorption rate of the water increases exponentially with the water boiling extent. It will provide a solution for the efficient utilization of energy with the solar brackish water distillation technology.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Climate change - Collector efficiency - Desalination - Distillation - Distillation equipment - Elementary particles - Fossil fuels - Heat resistance - Heat transfer - High temperature operations - Light absorption - Mass transfer - Population statistics - Porous materials - Solar concentrators - Solar energy - Temperature - Waste heat - Water - Water absorption - Water filtration - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption performance - Brackish water desalinations - Desalination technologies - Heat and mass transfer - Heat transfer resistance - Small-scale applications - Solar desalination technologies - Solar-concentrating
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 6.70e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.50e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20183705791971
Title:Effect of temporal and spatial changes of population on land use and cover change in Keriya Oasis in past 40 years
Authors:Lu, Longhui (1, 2); Halik, Wahap (1, 2); Huang, Ling (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Halik, Wahap(hwahap@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:234-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The study on the regional land use and land cover change (LULC) and the drives of human activities toward LULC change is significant to global land science. In a typical arid regional oasis, the contradiction between the limited resources and growing population pressures makes the researches on the relationship between population changes and LULC changes having a special and significant value. This paper studied the dynamic spatio-temporal pattern of LULC changes and population changes of Keriya oasis and the interaction between each other from the year of 1975 to 2015. First, we obtained LULC images of 1976 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, the demographic data of 1975 and 2015 were transformed into 500 m× 500 m grid. Then, the LULC classification image was processed into the change ratio image of each LULC type in each cell. Finally, combined with the vector data of LULC type and census data, based on the grid unit method, using global scale pearson correlation coefficient, geographically weighted regression (GWR) method, we analyzed the relationship between population changes and LULC changes in the past 40 years (1975-2015). The spatial heterogeneity of LULC variation could be explained by the variation of population, and the ratio of LULC change and the characteristics of population change were compared in order to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of oasis expansion in the past 40 years. The results were as follows: 1) In the past 40 years, the manifestation of oasis development included that the large increase of population and centralization to town center, and the buildup land and arable land expanded forward to south, and forestland increased with obvious fragmentation, and the significant reducing of grassland and water area. 2) In the past 40 years, the LULC change of oasis had a close relationship with population dynamics change in the Keriya Oasis. The direct driving mode of population development was buildup land growth and arable land growth, and the indirect driving mode was the fragmentation of forestland and grassland decrease and the significant reduce of water area. On the whole scale, there were positive relationship between the population changes and buildup land change, and negative relationship between the change of arable land and buildup land change, between the sparse grassland change and buildup land change, between the change in forest grassland and sparse grassland change, between the water change and the sparse grassland change, between sparse grassland of the transition zone and forest grassland change. However, these relationships were not linear change. In the different spatial regions, they were positively correlated or negatively correlated, which showed the spatial heterogeneity and significant diversity. The internal driving force from population change and the contradiction between growing population and northern arable land with a limited arid environment resulted in the expansion at southern oasis. It can be concluded with the comprehensive effect of the social and economic development in history, and also the result of interaction between self-organization and hetero-organization. The research can provide a case study for the research of the other oasis in southern Xinjiang. 3) The GWR method showed more heterogeneous characteristics than the OLS method, and showed that the results may have the opposite direction or different size at the local area. In addition to the statistical analysis results of the global scale, the local scale statistical analysis method could reflect the more complex features, and might be closer to the actual situation. In the study, we tried to apply the remote sensing, GIS, and a variety of statistical methods, which would bring us a new understanding upon the possible LULC changes with the population and society development, and could provide guidance for sustainable oasis planning and development.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Population statistics
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Digital storage - Economic and social effects - Forestry - Land use - Population dynamics - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Scales (weighing instruments)
Uncontrolled terms:Driving forces - Geographically weighted regression models - Grid cells - Keriya oasis - Population
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+01yr, Size 5.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20183705791958
Title:Process of runoff and sediment yield and relationship between water and sand of frozen soil slope in loess area under different rainfall intensities
Authors:Zhang, Yang (1); Zhang, Hui (3); Li, Zhanbin (1, 2); Li, Peng (1); Xiao, Lie (1); Ke, Haocheng (1); Chen, Yiting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi West Ecological Alliance Company Limited By Shares, Xi'an; 710075, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhanbin(zhanbinli@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:136-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Seasonal freezing-thawing phenomenon occurs mainly in mid-latitudinal region, which is generally characterized by freezing in winter and melting in summer. The middle reaches of the Yellow River are in the middle latitudes, and their climatic conditions meet the requirements of freeze-thaw erosion. The soil erosion during thawing period is a special form of erosion in winter and spring, which is often caused by the combination of water erosion, gravity erosion and freeze-thaw erosion. During the soil thaw period, due to the poor thawing of slope soil and poor permeability, severe soil and water loss occurred under very small rainfall intensity. Domestic studies on soil erosion in thawing seasons are mainly concentrated in the northeastern region. However, there are few studies on the Loess Plateau region in the northwest, and few experiments have been conducted to quantitatively study freeze-thaw erosion on the Loess Plateau. Therefore, in order to study the effect of rainfall on the permafrost slope erosion on the Loess Plateau, the difference of erosion between permafrost and unfrozen soil under different hydraulic conditions is clarified. Through the indoor simulated rainfall experiment, 3 kinds of rainfall intensities (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 mm/min) and 2 kinds of slopes (frozen soil slope and control slope) were used to quantitatively study the process of runoff and sediment yield on slope as well as the relation between the runoff and the sediment under different experimental treatments. The results showed that the time producing runoff on the frozen soil slope was 18.7 and 6.4 min earlier than the control slope under the rainfall intensity of 0.9 and 1.2 mm/min, respectively. The runoff and erosion amount of the frozen soil slope were far greater than that of the control slope. The runoff at the rainfall intensity of 0.9 and 1.2 mm/min was 1.16 and 1.19 times that of the control slope respectively, and the erosion amount was 10.40 and 6.40 times respectively. As the rain went on, the slope produced different degrees of rill. The occurrence time of rill on frozen slope was shortened by 18 and 22 min, respectively, compared with the control slope, and the rill erosion on frozen soil slope accounted for 79%-92% of the total erosion amount, which was greater than that of the control slope under the same rainfall intensity. The cumulative runoff and accumulated sediment yield of the 2 slopes satisfied the linear relationship of y=kx+b, and the k value of the frozen soil slope was 8.48-9.02 times that of the control slope in the inter-rill erosion stage, while 3.68-7.50 times in the rill erosion stage. The results showed that the rill erosion was the main reason to the increase of soil erosion rate on the frozen soil slope, and the water blocking effect of the freezing layer was the most important factor leading to the advance of the emergence time of rill on the slope. This result is expected to provide some certain reference for the study of soil erosion mechanism.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Freezing - Landforms - Permafrost - Rain - Runoff - Sediments - Soils - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Hydraulic conditions - Inter-rill erosions - Linear relationships - Loess hilly regions - Runoff and sediment yields - Simulated rainfall - Soil and water loss
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.90e+01% to 9.20e+01%, Time 1.08e+03s, Time 1.12e+03s, Time 1.32e+03s, Time 3.84e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20183705791961
Title:Recognition of crop seedling and weed recognition based on dilated convolution and global pooling in CNN
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); He, Xiaofei (1); Tan, Wenjun (1); Wu, Xiaohong (1); Shen, Jifeng (1); Lu, Hu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:159-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The damage of weeds in the field to the seedlings of crops can seriously affect the photosynthesis of plant seedlings. To solve this problem, and to prevent weeds from affecting the growth of crop seedlings, it is of great significance to accurately identify crop seedlings and weeds. This paper proposed a model to identify weeds based on improved convolutional neural network (CNN). Aiming at the problems of many parameters of traditional Alex Net model and single feature scale, this paper adjusted the network structure of the traditional model by combining dilated convolution and global pooling, and extended the single convolution kernel into multi-scale convolution kernel then fused. It can optimize the training time and achieve high precision. We regarded each convolution layer input to calculate the bulk mean and variance, and then used the batch normalization while reducing some of the characteristics of the layer figure at the same time. We also used the global pooling to take the place of the last full connection layer. The model consists of 7 convolution layers, 1 fusion layer and 4 pooling layers. In image preprocessing phase, in order to prevent the deviation of the trained model caused by the unbalanced distribution of sample numbers, we had zoomed, flipped and rotated the original pictures of dataset randomly to get the augmented dataset, and used 80% of the pictures as the train dataset and the rest as the test dataset. These pictures were quantized to 256×256 dpi for CNN (convolutional neural network) training, and the original dataset and augmented dataset were used to train models. In order to find the optimal expansion coefficient, the expanded convolution kernels with expansion factor of 2 and 4 were used respectively at the first layer of convolution kernel. In addition, we compared the global average pooling with the global maximum pooling. The results showed that the global average pooling is better, which means that the average pooling can reduce the variance of the estimated value due to the limited size of the neighborhood; the background information of the image was retained more, it was more helpful for extracting the key features. However, the maximum pooling preserves more texture information and easily leads to the loss of the extracted deep feature information. According to various kinds of parameters, 8 sorts of models with different expansion coefficients and pooling types were designed. In order to further optimize the model and improve the average recognition accuracy, we also compared different batch sizes such as 64, 128, and 256, respectively. It can be seen that increasing batch size can increase memory utilization within a reasonable range and the efficiency of parallelization of matrix multiplication is improved. The number of iterations required for a single epoch (full dataset) is reduced, the processing speed for the same amount of data was accelerated, and then the optimal model was obtained. For the performance evaluation of the model, we use the average recognition accuracy and confusion matrix visualization to judge. Compared with the traditional Alex Net model, the optimal model can reach the recognition accuracy of more than 90% only after 4 training epochs, the memory requirement was far lower than the traditional one, and the average test recognition accuracy can reach 98.80%, which is due to that the improved model adopted the wider network structure and the method for preparation of global pooling. This may increase the multi-scale fusion of feature maps, enhance the relationship between figure and categories and keep the invariance of the input space transformation, so the recognition ability of different crop seedlings and weeds is stronger. It can be seen from the confusion matrix that the classification performance of the optimal model is high, which can be used as a reference for the development of intelligent identification device of weeds and seedlings.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Convolution
Controlled terms:Crops - Global optimization - Image processing - Image recognition - Image resolution - Matrix algebra - Neural networks - Statistical tests
Uncontrolled terms:Convolution neural network - Global pooling - Multi-scale features - Seedling - Weed
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.1 Algebra - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.88e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20183705791949
Title:Design and experiment of multifunctional integrated seeding opener
Authors:Zhao, Shuhong (1); Tan, Hewen (1); Wang, Jiayi (1); Yang, Chao (1); Yang, Yueqian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Yueqian(yangyueqian@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:58-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sowing opener is one of the key parts of seeders, and its working performance affects the seeding quality. Domestic and foreign scholars have done a great deal of research on sowing openers in terms of traction resistance, soil disturbance, soil return performance and blocking performance. But there are few reports on the research of sowing opener for the integrative structure of ditching, earthing and suppressing. In this paper, an integrated sowing opener, which can be used to ditch, earth and suppress, was designed. It can solve the problems such as large disturbance of soil, insufficient compactness of seed bed soil, and poor uniformity of sowing depth. The combination of its sliding knife, retaining plate and repressing wheel can realize the seeding ditch, the seed falling to the bottom of the ditch, the wet soil returning to ditch, the suppressing wheel suppressing the seeding ditch, and the seed being in close contact with the soil. In this paper, the cutting edge curve is analyzed according to the slip cutting principle. It sets the cutting edge curve equation as parabola equation to deduce the conditions which can satisfy the needs of the slide cutting. That is, the slip angle is larger than the friction angle. The final result shows the range of the slider slip angle is 25°-65°. Based on the analysis of the principle of soil reflux after the operation of the trench opener, it can be seen that the change of the obliquity angle of the retaining plate affects the soil disturbance and the soil reflux, and the range of the inclination of retaining soil plate is 0-12.4°. According to the agronomic requirements, the range of soil compactness required for seed growth is 30-50 kPa, and the spring deformation amount is calculated to be 9-15 mm. Finally, the influencing factors can be determined. They are the slip angle, the slope of the retaining plate and the deformation of the spring. The slider slip angle, inclination of retaining soil plate and deformation variables of spring were selected as test factors. Soil compaction and soil disturbance were selected as experimental indices. The optimal parameter combination of the integrated seeding opener obtained from the soil bin text of optimizing the structural parameters was as follows: The slider slip angle was 44.6°, the inclination of retaining soil plate was 3.2° and the deformation variable of spring was 11.8 mm. In order to verify the operation performance of the integrated seeding opener better, field contrast tests were carried out with a double-disc opener and a sharp angle opener under the optimal parameters. The variation coefficient of sowing depth, soil compactness, soil disturbance and backing soil quantity were selected as test indices. The experimental results showed that variation coefficient of sowing depth of the integrated opener was 6.03%, which was 32.4% lower than that of the double-disc opener and 25.2% lower than the sharp angle opener. When the integrated opener was operated, the seeds fell into the ditch prior to the soil, which improved the seeds depth uniformity. The soil compactness was 38.6% higher than that of the double-disc opener and 62.9% higher than that of the sharp angle opener after the working of integrated opener. The suppression part of the integrated opener suppressed the ditches, after the soil-covering ditches were suppressed again by suppressing wheels of the seeder, which increased the soil compaction of the seed bed. The amount of soil disturbance generated by the integrated opener was 16.3% lower than that of the double-disc opener and 36.5% lower than that of the sharp angle opener. But its backing soil quantity was 29.9% higher than that of double-disc opener and 61.5% higher than that of sharp angle opener. Therefore, the integrated opener has little disturbance to the soil. In general, the integrated opener can improve the seedbed environment, enhance soil compaction and improve the uniformity of seeding depth. Besides, this type opener provides an integrated reference for the design of sowing openers.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Compaction - Cutting tools - Deformation - Design - Disks (structural components) - Integration - Machinery - Mechanization - Optimization - Plates (structural components) - Soil mechanics - Structure (composition) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Back flowing - Blocking performance - Integrative structure - Operation performance - Optimal parameter combinations - Repression - Structural parameter - Variation coefficient
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 921.2 Calculus - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 2.99e+01%, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 3.65e+01%, Percentage 3.86e+01%, Percentage 6.03e+00%, Percentage 6.15e+01%, Percentage 6.29e+01%, Pressure 3.00e+04Pa to 5.00e+04Pa, Size 1.18e-02m, Size 9.00e-03m to 1.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
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