<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20182405309245
Title:HYDRUS-2D simulation of soil wetting pattern with horizontal moistube-irrigation and analysis of its influencing factors
Authors:Fan, Yanwei (1, 2); Zhao, Tong (1); Bai, Guilin (1); Liu, Wenguang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:115-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate the influence mechanism of soil texture, initial water content, pressure head and buried depth on soil wetting characteristics of horizontal moistube irrigation, a mathematical model of soil water movement under horizontal moistube irrigation was established based on HYDRUS-2D model, and the relationship between the specific flow rate and pressure head was determined. We compared HYDRUS-2D simulations of horizontal moistube irrigation with experimental data. The HYDRUS-2D predictions of the cumulative infiltration, wetting front distance and water content distribution were found to be in very good agreement with the data. The results supported the use of HYDRUS-2D as a tool for investigating and designing moistube irrigation management practices. In the case of different soil textures (sandy loam soil, loam soil and silty loam soil) and the same soil texture (loam soil) with different initial moisture contents (0.085, 0.106, 0.130 cm³/cm³), pressure water heads (0.6, 1.2, 1.8 m) and buried depths (20, 30, 40 cm), the dynamic change of wetted soil characteristics was simulated by HYDRUS-2D software. The results showed that: The transport distance of soil wetting front in 3 directions is vertical downward &gt; horizontal direction &gt; vertical upward, the influencing factors (soil texture, initial water content, pressure head and buried depth) have small impact on the shape of wetted pattern, and the contour of soil water content is approximately "concentric circle". Under the same soil initial water content, pressure head and buried depth, the soil texture has a significant influence on the wetted soil characteristics. When the soil texture is heavier, the wetting front moves slower, the difference of wetting front distance is smaller in each direction, the wetted soil volume is smaller, the soil water content near the moistube is higher, the contour of soil water content is more intensive, and the "center of the circle" is closer to the moistube. At the end of the irrigation, wetted soil volumes for loam soil and sandy loam soil are respectively 1.3 and 2.5 times that for silty loam soil. At the moistube wall, soil water content of 3 kinds of soils (sandy loam soil, loam soil and silty loam soil) is 0.276, 0.359 and 0.406 cm³/cm³respectively. Under the same soil texture, pressure head and buried depth, the soil initial water content has a great influence on the wetted soil characteristics, and the distance of wetting front and the volume of wetted soil are positively correlated with soil initial water content, and increase with the increase of the soil initial water content. At the end of the irrigation, wetted soil volumes for soil initial water content of 0.106 and 0.130 cm³/cm³are respectively 1.3 and 2.5 times that for 0.085 cm³/cm³. Under the same soil texture, soil initial water content and buried depth, the pressure head has a great influence on the wetted soil characteristics, and the distance of wetting front and the volume of wetted soil are positively correlated with pressure head, and increase with the increase of the pressure head. At the end of the irrigation, wetted soil volumes for pressure head of 1.2 and 1.8 m are respectively 1.6 and 2.2 times that for 0.6 m. At the moistube wall, soil water content of pressure heads (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m) is 0.323, 0.359 and 0.380 cm³/cm³respectively. The buried depth of the moistube has a significant effect on the distribution position of the wetted soil. When the buried depth is shallow, the wetting front is easy to reach the ground surface. When the moistube is buried deeper, the wetted soil will move down synchronously with the buried depth.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - High pressure effects - Irrigation - Soil conditioners - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative infiltrations - HYDRUS-2D - Initial Moisture Content - Initial water contents - Irrigation management - Soil wetting pattern - Wetting characteristics - Wetting patterns
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.80e+00m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20182405309236
Title:Leakage rate and optimization of working parameters for cylinder pickup collector based on spring-finger trajectory
Authors:Yu, Zhihong (1); Huai, Shoucheng (1); Wang, Wenming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai; 054035, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:37-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The leakage rate is a very important pickup performance indexer of a grass collector machine. It is critical to determine mechanical structural and performance parameters of a grass collector so that its leakage rate is lower than national standard. The overlap area of two adjacent bullet teeth trajectory profile is called pickup leakage area. A lower leakage rate requires a smaller pickup leakage area and lower height of pickup leakage area. Leakage rate of a collector could be well represented by total pickup leakage area and height of pickup leakage area. In this study, a program named "Parametric design system of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector" was developed using MATLAB 2016b based on kinematics analysis of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector. An innovated spring-finger cylinder pickup collector was designed based on sinusoid accelerated cam mechanism at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. In order to optimize and minimize leakage rate of this spring-finger cylinder pickup collector machine, a simulation model was established using its mechanical structural and performance parameters. This mathematical simulation model contained five kinds of follower movement law, it provided spring-finger teeth to teeth trajectory profile, spring-finger teeth speed profile and spring-finger teeth acceleration profile. These data were used to check mechanical structural parameters and boundary condition of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector; and they were also used to calculate total pickup leakage area and height of pickup leakage area of the collector. Central composite response surface method test was taken on the new type of the pickup collector test bench developed by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. Under conditions of forward speed of 4-6 km/h and cylinder rotation speed of 40 - 90 r/min, high-speed camera system was used to track the moving trajectory of the bullet teeth end, the end displacement fitting curves of spring finger were got by using three-time sample insertion method for interpolation, experimental leakage area height and leakage area were calculated. The theoretical leakage area height and leakage area were analyzed by the program. Test results are basically consistent with the theoretical results of the program. Correctness of simulation mathematical model of the program is verified. The study showed the correlation coefficient of height of pickup leakage area between theoretical model and tested result was R²=0.998 8; the correlation coefficient of pickup leakage area between theoretical model and tested result was R²=0.960 4. Response surface based analysis and test result showed that when forward speed was set as constant, the leakage rate decreased if the drum rotation speed was increased; and when drum speed was set as constant, the leakage rate increased if the forward speed was increased. After increasing the boundary condition of collector, the leakage rate optimization showed that the lowest leakage rate happened when moving forward speed was 4.0 km/h and a drum rotating speed was 54.299 r/min, at which point that the leakage area height was 0.796 cm, and total leakage area was 6.369 cm². The tests were conducted for Alfalfa grass with different moisture content, when the forward speed was 4.0 km/h and drum rotation speed was 55 r/min, leakage area rate of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector were all lower than 25% national standard.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Pickups
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Boundary conditions - Cams - Curve fitting - Cylinders (shapes) - High speed cameras - MATLAB - Models - Optimization  - Software testing - Speed - Surface properties - Testing - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Different moisture contents - High speed camera systems - Leakage rates - Mathematical simulation model - Parametric design systems - Performance parameters - Working parameters
Classification code:601.3  Mechanisms - 723.5  Computer Applications - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area 6.37e-04m2, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Rotational_Speed 4.00e+01RPM to 9.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.43e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.50e+01RPM, Size 7.96e-03m, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s to 1.67e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20182405309259
Title:Performance of different material heat transfer pipes and CFD simulation of thermal storage soil temperature distribution
Authors:Bao, Encai (1); Zhang, Yong (1); Cao, Yanfei (1); Wang, Zhao (2); Zhang, Xin (3); Cao, Kai (1); Yang, Junwei (1); Zou, Zhirong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&amp;F University, The Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Yangling; 712100,, China; (2) Beijing Sangreen International Agricultural Technology CO., Ltd., Beijing; 114011, China; (3) Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Washington State University, Prosser; WA; 99350, United States
Corresponding author:Zou, Zhirong(zouzhirong2005@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:232-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heat transfer pipe has been widely adopted in horticultural facilities, such as Chinese solar greenhouses, which serves as a media to transfer heat between hot air and soil or north wall, and has many advantages such as easier operation, lower cost and better effect. Many scholars have studied the pipe heat transfer performance from piping materials and air flow, and they found the piping material has little influence on heat transfer, but air flow rate has a big influence on heat transfer. However, whether the holes on the heat transfer pipe wall have positive roles in heat transfer is still elusive. Therefore, we compared the heat transfer ability between closed type pipe and breathable type pipe. To study the temperature distribution of thermal storage soil, a typical heat transfer pipe experimental platform with 3 different kinds of pipe material, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), galvanized iron (GI), and steel mesh skeleton - geotextile composite (SFG), was established in this research. Combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, the heat storage experiment on soil was performed. Results showed that there was no temperature and humidity difference at the inlet of heat transfer pipe among 3 kinds of different material, however, the temperature difference was significant at outlet: PVC &gt; GI &gt; SFG; in addition, the humidity level also showed a clear trend of GI &gt; PVC &gt; SFG. This can be attributed to the physical characteristics of SFG such as the high permeability for air and moisture, from which the soil had a chance to absorb both heat energy and moisture from the hot air. Additionally, SFG resulted in the most effective heat transfer activity with a heat exchange amount of 299.44 kJ during the whole test, which was at least 4 times that of GI, and 3 times that of PVC. The location with soil temperature fluctuation more than 1&#8451; is in effective heat range, and that with soil temperature fluctuation more than 5&#8451; is in efficient heat range. The effective heat storage ranges at inlet of SFG were much greater than 240 mm in all 4 directions, i.e. up, down, left, and right direction; the effective heat storage ranges at outlet of SFG were more than 240 mm; the efficient heat storage ranges at inlet of SFG were also more than 240 mm; and the efficient heat storage ranges at outlet of SFG were higher than 240, 180-240, 180-240, and 180-240 mm respectively in the 4 directions. Our results showed that the heat transfer ability of SFG was the best in our experiment, and PVC was slightly better than GI. Therefore, the heat transfer ability of breathable type pipe was better than closed type pipe. Moreover, each CFD simulation model was established individually based on 3 different pipes, with the maximum relative error between measurement and simulation value of 4.4%. Simulated results showed that the temperature was distributed unevenly at the end surface of the soil: a higher temperature at the upper layer, a lower temperature at the lower layer, and a symmetrical distribution between left and right sides. There was also a distinguishable decrement of section temperature between the air inlet and outlet. Therefore, we conclude that SFG performs significantly better than both PVC and GI, which can be potentially applied in Chinese solar greenhouses or other similar agricultural facilities, and/or popularized to the construction market.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Polyvinyl chlorides
Controlled terms:Air - Chlorine compounds - Computational fluid dynamics - Fluid mechanics - Galvanizing - Greenhouses - Heat storage - Heat transfer - Iron research - Moisture  - Pipe - Soils - Solar heating - Steel research - Storage (materials) - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese solar greenhouse - Heat transfer performance - Maximum relative errors - Measurement and simulation - Physical characteristics - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - Temperature and humidities - Temperature differences
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 539.3  Metal Plating - 545.1  Iron - 545.3  Steel - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4  Storage - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Energy 2.99e+05J, Percentage 4.40e+00%, Size 1.80e-01m to 2.40e-01m, Size 2.40e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20182405309254
Title:Construction method of three-dimensional model of maize colony based on t-distribution function
Authors:Wen, Weiliang (1, 2, 3, 4); Zhao, Chunjiang (1, 2, 3, 4); Guo, Xinyu (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yongjian (1, 2, 3); Du, Jianjun (1, 2, 3); Yu, Zetao (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Chunjiang(zhaocj@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:192-200
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop colony is the organization system which performs photosynthesis and dry matter production function. Its morphological structure has important influence on light interception ability, canopy photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. The morphological characteristics of crop colony have always been the most basic way for people to recognize, analyze and evaluate crops. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to rapidly and accurately model and analyze the morphology of crop colony in a digital and visual way. Morphological data acquisition of maize colony is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and thus a t-distribution based three-dimensional (3D) maize colony modeling method was proposed using a few measured data. The method constructs t-distribution function of primary plant morphological parameters using measured data and generates random plant morphological parameters under the constraint. The main plant morphological parameters include plant and phytomer scale. Here plant scale parameters include plant height, total leaf number, and first leaf index, and phytomer scale parameters include leaf growth height, leaf insertion angle, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf azimuthal angle. Particularly, leaf azimuthal angles are generated using the deviations between the plant azimuthal plane and leaf azimuths. High quality geometric models in 3D template resource database of maize organs are selected by constructing a similarity assess function of plant morphological parameters. Leaf length, leaf insertion angle, leaf index, and plant cultivar are the control parameters in the function. Then geometric models of individual plants in target colony are generated. Interactive design or field image extraction method is used to allocate the growth positions and plant azimuthal planes of each plant in the colony. Maize colony is generated by moving and rotating operations of each plant according to the designed or extracted growth positions and plant azimuthal planes. Leaf area index (LAI) is used to validate the generated maize colony model. Three in-situ field measurement experiments in Qitai County of Xinjiang using 3D digitizer were carried out to reconstruct geometric models of maize colony, and the cultivar was Xianyu 335 and the planting densities were 105, 135, and 165 thousand plants/hm², as true values for LAI calculating. Corresponding plant morphological parameters of the corresponding colonies were measured. The maize colony modeling method based on t-distribution function was used to construct 3D models and LAI was also calculated for the colonies. Results show that the LAI errors are less than &plusmn;2%. In addition, generalized LAI of different heights of plant colony is proposed to provide more detailed verification in different height levels. The averaged RMSE (root mean square error) of Xianyu 335 with the density of 135 thousand plants/hm²is 0.023, and the averaged NRMSE (normalized root mean square error) is 0.425, which demonstrate that it has a good consistency of spatial leaf distribution between the in-situ measured field colony and reconstructed colony using t-distribution. These results show that the proposed maize colony modeling method could meet the needs of plant functional-structural analysis. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method is more effective and highly realistic, and the constructed maize colonies are capable of reflecting the agronomic characteristics of the target colony, such as the differences caused by intrinsic cultivar, environment, planting, or management factors. Maize colony model could be rapidly generated by simple modification of morphological input parameters. Combined with the light distribution simulating algorithm, a large number of maize colony models will be designed for virtual experiments. It has great importance for the research and application of maize plant morphology optimization, estimation of planting density, adaptability evaluation of different cultivars, and cultivation strategy decision. Due to the complexity of maize colony structure morphology, there are still many subsequent colony modeling issues that will be addressed in future research, such as adjacent phytomer parameters constraint model construction, plant collision detection and collision response, and colony mesh simplification and optimization for visual computing.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Three dimensional computer graphics
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Data acquisition - Distribution functions - Errors - Function evaluation - Geometry - Mean square error - Models - Morphology  - Plants (botany) - Virtual reality
Uncontrolled terms:Colony - Maize - Morphological characteristic - Photosynthetic efficiency - Research and application - RMSE (root mean square error) - Three-dimensional model - Visual computing
Classification code:723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.1  Probability Theory - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20182405309239
Title:Adaptive sliding mode control of trajectory tracking based on DC motor drive for agricultural tracked robot
Authors:Jiao, Jun (1); Chen, Jing (1); Qiao, Yan (1); Wang, Wenzhou (1); Wang, Moshi (1); Gu, Lichuan (1); Li, Zhengtao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Lichuan(gulichuan@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:64-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the performance of trajectory tracking control for agricultural tracked robot (ATR) in which the geometrical center does not coincide with the centroid, this paper comparatively analyzes the performance of all kinds of control methods for ATR, such as PID (proportion, integral, derivative) control, sliding mode control (SMC), neural network control method. The ATR model is regarded as a cascade system consisting of the drive motor equations and the mobile ATR kinematics equations. Through analyzing both the kinematic model of ATR and the unique features of motor driven model, this paper establishes a motor driven model and a posture error model which is based on tracking coordinate system and inertial coordinate system. And then a sliding mode control module and an integral sliding mode switching function (ISMSF) are proposed as well. Furthermore, this paper develops an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) based on ISMSF, which is composed of equivalent control and nonlinear switch control. The ASMC can feed back the position and orientation error as well as the time-varying parameters of the driven equation to the controller, based on which it can calculate the expected angular velocities of the left and right driving wheels and drive ATR to smoothly run. The simulation results show that under adaptive sliding control, the angular velocity for drive wheel can reach the ideal value in 0.375 s, while the common sliding mode control requires 0.75 s to achieve a relatively stable state with chattering phenomenon. Besides, when the biggish pose error appears in the system, ASMC can limit the integral function to keep the system from too large overshoot; when the less pose error appears in the system on the other hand, ASMC will prevent the system from chattering. Especially, when ATR tracks the fold line path, the initial position for the target trajectory is [0, 0, &pi;/4]^T, the velocity for ATR is 2 m/s, and the initial position for ATR starts from [-2, -2, &pi;/4]^T, the pose error for ATR can converge to 0 in a relatively short period of time, the tracking error for ATR ranges from 0 to 0.04 m along the distance error in the direction of motion, and from -0.07 to 0.07 m along the lateral distance error, and the heading error ranges from -0.02 to 0.045 rad; when ATR tracks the circular path (where the curvature is always changing), the initial position for target trajectory is [10, 0, &pi;/2]^T, the initial position for ATR starts from [7, 0, &pi;/2]^T, and both the left and right driving wheel angular velocities start from 0, ASMC can adjust the output control in time, and output the angular velocity of left and right driving wheels smoothly, which make the posture error for ATR approach to 0, and ensure that ATR can never become divorced from the reference trajectory. Through experiments in the field, the results show that: When ATR tracks the combination trajectory of curve and slash paths, ATR runs at speed of 1, 3, and 4 m/s, the tracking error for ATR ranges from -0.04 to 0.04 m along the distance error in the direction of motion, and from -0.09 to 0.07 m along the lateral distance error, and the heading error ranges from -0.03 to 0.05 rad, which enable the actual ATR trajectory to follow the desired route smoothly. Thus adaptive sliding mode control based on DC (direct current) motor drive for ATR can achieve promising tracking performance, and satisfy the requirements of the farmland works. All results verify the effectiveness and correctness of the control method.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Adaptive control systems
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Angular velocity - DC motors - Electric drives - Electric machine control - Errors - Integral equations - Kinematics - Navigation - Proportional control systems  - Robots - Sliding mode control - Time varying control systems - Trajectories - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive - Cascaded system - Position and orientation error - Sliding mode control(SMC) - Sliding surface
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 705.3.2  DC Motors - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.2  Calculus - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size -4.00e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size -7.00e-02m to 7.00e-02m, Size -9.00e-02m to 7.00e-02m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-02m, Time 3.75e-01s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 4.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20182405309260
Title:Monitoring and analysis of thermal environment and harmful gases in mechanically ventilated multistory pig buildings
Authors:Gao, Yun (1, 2); Diao, Yaping (1); Lin, Changguang (3); Liu, Yaxuan (3); Guo, Changming (3); Lei, Minggang (2, 4); Tong, Yu (1, 2); Li, Xuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Fujian Guanghua Best Ecological Agriculture &amp; Animal Husbandry Development Co., Sanming; 365106, China; (4) College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:239-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the intensive introduction of policies and acts for environmental protection, the farming land shortage situations for domesticated animals are increasingly serious. Innovational multistory pig buildings are introduced to save land resources and thus increase breeding intensities. The following awareness and concerns towards air qualities of animal occupant zones on each floor are being raised among pig producers. In this paper, a wireless sensor network for collecting environmental factors was used to monitor the thermal environments and harmful gases of three representative floors in multistory pig buildings, which were the top floor (7th floor), the middle floor (5th floor) and the ground floor (1st floor). According to the heads of animals and their weights on these representative floors, the ventilation situations were determined to be the less-ventilated, the well-ventilated and the over-ventilated levels by comparing the actual ventilation rates with the floor's desired ventilation rates. Therefore, the differences of indoor environments between various floors and between multi-locations on the same floor were analyzed with respect to each floor's ventilation levels, which eventually revealed the practices of indoor environment in multistory pig buildings. The monitoring was conducted from the 11th to 21st May 2017 in Fujian province, located in southern China. Seven wireless sensor nodes were deployed on the top, ground and middle floors respectively. Each floor was monitored over 24 hours, from 9 am of the first day to the same 9 am of the next day. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Ventilation levels had a crucial impact on thermal environments. The less-ventilated levels of the 5th floor made the temperature-humidity indexes (THIs) higher than those of other floors, with an average value of 27.9 &plusmn; 0.8 close to the upper limit of comfort zone, 28.06. The radiation effects on the top floor increased the maximum temperature value of this floor to 34.5&#8451;, 2.8&#8451; higher than that of the ground floor, with a highest day-night temperature difference up to 11.6&#8451;. The temperature of the ground floor was kept in a comfortable range with a smaller day-night temperature difference due to the better thermal insulation of its floor, whereas the relative humidity was increased to a maximum of 85.7% by the moisture from the underlying surface, which was integrated to an average THI of 24.9. 2) The overall concentrations of CO<inf>2</inf>and NH<inf>3</inf>on each floor, under the summer ventilation conditions, were far less from the upper concentration limits. The maximum value, average value, maximum difference, and the same time maximum difference of the CO<inf>2</inf>concentrations on the 5th floor were higher than those of other floors, contrasting with the lowest approximated CO<inf>2</inf>emission of 1685.6 kg/d among those of three floors, which was due to its less-ventilated levels in 24 hours. The constitution of the buildings' urinary collecting duct system influenced the NH<inf>3</inf>concentrations dominantly, the lowest concentrations of NH<inf>3</inf>on the ground floor benefited from the isolation of its urinary ducts from other floor's system. 3) The difference analyses between average environmental factors of various floors and between the environmental factors of different locations on the same floor were conducted. Highly significant differences (P&lt;0.05) were found in most environmental factors of different floors except there was no significant difference of CO<inf>2</inf>concentrations between the 1st floor and the 7th floor. The significant differences (P&lt;0.05) were found in some environmental factors between different locations on each floor, while no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) existed among other factors. Mechanically ventilated multistory pig buildings are innovative in China at present. To gain a deep understanding of animal occupant zone environments in multistory pig buildings, and further help to find design flaws of mechanical ventilation systems and disadvantages of operation strategies, the monitoring and analysis of thermal environments and harmful gases have been carried out in the multistory pig buildings during pig production, which would build up the theoretical basis and principles to improve environmental control levels of multistory pig buildings.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Floors
Controlled terms:Air quality - Atmospheric humidity - Buildings - Carbon dioxide - Ducts - Environmental management - Location - Mammals - Radiation effects - Sensor nodes  - Temperature - Thermal insulation - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Difference analysis - Maximum temperature value - Mechanical ventilation system - Monitoring and analysis - Pig building - Temperature differences - Thermal environment - Toxic gas
Classification code:402  Buildings and Towers - 413.2  Heat Insulating Materials - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 454.1  Environmental Engineering, General - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643.5  Ventilation - 722  Computer Systems and Equipment - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.57e+01%, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20182405309256
Title:Extraction of vegetation information in coastal ecological vulnerable areas from remote sensing data based on phenology parameters and object-oriented method
Authors:Zhang, Guihua (1, 2); Wang, Ruiyan (1); Zhao, Gengxing (1); Yuan, Xiujie (1); Peng, Yang (1); Wang, Xiangfeng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Beijing Jiagetiandi Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100080, China; (3) Land and Resources Bureau, Kenli District, Dongying City, Dongying; 257000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Ruiyan(wry@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:209-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Obtaining good vegetation classifications based on remote sensing data is important for ecosystem forecasting and improvement of global climate modeling. However, the classification result using the traditional methods is not accurate in the modern Yellow River Delta due to interspersed distribution of the vegetation types. The work reported here concerns the use of multi-sensor and multi-temporal remote sensing data in order to alleviate this problem by the object-oriented method assisted with the phenology parameters. Landsat 8 OLI and MODIS data were chosen because of the advantages such as being free of charge and stable to offer dataset. Meanwhile, these 2 types of data can bring a proper combination because they show the characteristics of vegetation respectively in space and time. Taking the typical ecologically vulnerable area of the Yellow River Delta as the study area, this study used the 250-meter 16-day MODIS vegetation indices products (MOD13Q1) to build time series curves of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) for different vegetation types, which were later smoothed by logistic time function method to fit NDVI data. Then, the different bands of Landsat 8 data were fused using the Gram-Schmidt (GS) method to obtain the 15-meter resolution image. A set of phenology indicators, including start of season, end of season, season length, peak NDVI, accumulative area of NDVI during growth period, and integral result between peak value and baseline value were extracted by the maximum curvature method. The extracted phenology images of the vegetation (250 m resolution) were resampled to 15 m resolution and merged with Landsat 8 image. Further, we employed a multi-resolution segmentation method according to the patch size of different vegetation types. Then, the classifier rules utilizing the phenological features and spectral characteristics of typical vegetation types were developed to map the vegetation in the study area, and we applied a partitioning strategy to carry out object-oriented classification. Finally, the classification results were compared with that from traditional methods. It indicated that the overall accuracy is 80.75% and Kappa coefficient is 0.79, higher than traditional phenology and object-oriented classification methods. In addition, we found that the low accuracy of the traditional object-oriented classification method is mainly caused by the cotton fields that had wide ecological fitness, which leads to the confusion of the cotton fields with other vegetation types. And the disadvantage for the confusion of the cotton fields and the natural vegetation is avoided by the phenology-assisted method, which is beneficial to distinguish the vegetation types. Therefore, the combination of vegetation phenological parameters and object-oriented method can solve the problem of spectral confusion effectively, and is suited for extraction of the vegetation types in small-scale areas like the coastal vulnerable areas. Moreover, statistical results on vegetation area indicated that the classification results accurately reflected the real situation of local vegetation distribution. In the study area, the vegetation coverage rate is high, and the proportion of natural vegetation and artificial vegetation is near to 1. In the natural vegetation type, the Suaeda, rubrum electra myricae and Suaeda community are the main vegetation types, accounting for 77.99%. The cotton is the dominant vegetation in the plant vegetation types, accounting for 71.16%, and less for non-salt vegetation types. Therefore, this method of the study provides support for vegetation survey in coastal vulnerable areas.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Cotton - Ecology - Extraction - Forestry - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Space optics
Uncontrolled terms:Ecologically vulnerable areas - Extract - Multi-temporal remote sensing - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object oriented approach - Object oriented classification - Phenology parameters - Vulnerable area
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 656.1  Space Flight - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.38e-02yr, Percentage 7.12e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 8.08e+01%, Size 1.50e+01m, Size 2.50e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20182405309263
Title:Approach for automating land reallocation based on Delaunay triangulation and binary search
Authors:Liang, Qiyang (1); Wu, Baoguo (1); Zhao, Chunjiang (2, 3, 4); Pan, Yuchun (2, 3, 4); Hu, Meng (5); Hao, Xingyao (2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China; (5) College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng; 475004, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Baoguo(wubg@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:261-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Producing land partitioning plans is one of the most difficult and time-consuming stages of land consolidation. To carry out land adjustment efficiently, it is necessary to quickly develop a reasonable pre-plan of land distribution in the late stage of land consolidation project. Due to the non-uniform geometric shapes of most blocks, blocks cannot be divided according to a certain mathematical model. With the goal of obtaining a land partitioning plan with regularly-shaped parcels which all have access to at least one road/ditch, a land partition algorithm based on Delaunay triangulation (DT) and binary search (BS) was put forward. The DT process was applied to each block to reduce the size of the search space. In the automatic land partitioning, one block was processed at a time and the blocks were processed in the order of their sequence numbers. First, after the minimum bounding geometry (MBG) of a block was generated, the subdivision axis was determined by connecting the midpoints of the 2 short sides of the MBG, and subdivision direction was determined according to the angle between the subdivision axis and horizontal axis to avoid beginning the land partition from a random point; then the nodes of the long edges of the MBG were densified and the nodes of the short edges were removed and the MBG was triangulated. Second, after calculating the real area according to the land quality grade map and the input desired area, each triangle was intersected with the block and the intersection area was set as the triangle's area; going through the triangles according to the subdivision direction, the area of the triangles was added one by one until the accumulated area was close to the desired area (with an error less than 5%), and then the BS method was adopted to further decrease the area error. Last, the progress was iterated to the rest part of blocks until all blocks were partitioned and the land pre-distribution plan was generated. The BS-DT algorithm and BS algorithm (used as a control) were realized based on ArcEngine, and 4 criteria of BS-DT (efficiency, area error, parcel shape index, and land access) were compared with the BS method. The result of the experimental study showed that an ideal land partitioning plan was created in 231 s by applying the BS-DT method. Compared with the BS method, the time consumption of the BS-DT approach decreased by 29.3%, while the area accuracy improved by 28.2% and the shape regularity improved by 18.2%. In order to decrease area of road and ditch, redundant roads and ditches were merged into adjacent block, and each sub block still kept good accessibility to at least one road/ditch due to the algorithm's control of the division direction. The result verified the feasibility of the proposed algorithm in land partitioning. Thus, the proposed BS-DT approach can meet the demand of developing a land allocation plan that is closest to the optimum under certain constraints, which provides a new way for automatically creating and dynamically adjusting land allocation scheme.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Triangulation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Errors - Land use - Roads and streets
Uncontrolled terms:Binary search - Delau-nay triangulations - Delaunay triangulation - Intersection areas - Land consolidations - Partition algorithms - Pre distributions - Time consumption
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3  Surveying - 406.2  Roads and Streets
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 2.82e+01%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Time 2.31e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20182405309255
Title:Apparatus for synchronous measuring three dimensional parameters of maize seeds based on oblique photography
Authors:Zhu, Deli (1, 2); Chen, Bingqi (1); Liang, Xihuizi (1); Yang, Yanqiu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing; 401331, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Bingqi(fbcbq@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:201-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is an important and difficult problem to acquire and analyze the three-dimensional characteristics of maize seeds after the ear removal. In this study, a maize seed measuring device and the corresponding algorithm were developed based on oblique photography. The device was used to store the spatial information and the calibration data which were obtained from oblique photography. Through 2 mutually perpendicular calibration plates, the three-dimensional data were calculated based on the obtained information and data. The center of the horizontal plate was provided with a circular hole whose diameter is equal to that of the rotating disk (200 mm in the experiment). The diameter of the round hole was measured as a constant to provide for the system. It provided calibration data for measuring the length and width of maize seeds. The tangent points on the left and right sides and the 4 vertices of the square were clearly marked with red dots. The stepper motor drove the disk to rotate with the speed of 10 degrees per second. The image recording system started with the speed of 10 frames per second and the resolution of 1280&times;720. With the support of the device, the length, width and thickness of each maize seed were obtained by image processing algorithm. Horizontal and vertical images were taken from oblique photography images by perspective transformation; long axis and short axis of each maize seed were calculated using the diameter of the disk as the reference; the thickness of a maize seed was calculated by taking the calibration data as the reference. Pixel distance measurement method was combined with the watershed algorithm to achieve better image segmentation results. First, global threshold was used to obtain binary image. Then the distance of 2 pixels in the binary image was calculated. At last combined with the watershed algorithm, the boundary of the region was taken as the watershed. A simple and fast calculation method was designed according to the shape characteristics of maize seed to judge the seeds direction. First the centroid was calculated based on the moments of maize contour, and then the pixel whose distance from the centroid was the maximum was taken as the tip of the seed. The direction of the connection between the center and tip point was the direction of the seed. In this study, the length and width of the maize seeds were calculated based on the vertical orthographic images obtained from the perspective transform. Since the centroid position and the tip position of the maize seed contour had been calculated, the length and width of the seeds could be measured based on these data efficiently. After obtaining the back image of a seed in ROI (region of interest), the thickness was calculated based on the horizontal view from the perspective transformation. The boundary of thickness was obtained according to the horizontal cumulative distribution. An analysis and calculation triangle was established according to the location of a seed. The thickness data were mapped on the checkerboard plane, and accurate measurement results were obtained. Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 was taken as the software development tool, and OpenCV machine vision algorithm library was used to develop the experimental program. The experiment was performed with 180 maize seeds selected randomly. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the long axis, short axis and thickness were 1.86, 1.28 and 0.741 mm respectively. The determination coefficients of the long axis, short axis and thickness were 0.849 6, 0.869 3 and 0.846 2 respectively. The results show that this device and method can be used to measure the three-dimensional parameters of maize seeds with a relative high accuracy.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Binary images - Calibration - Computer vision - Image processing - Image recording - Mean square error - Measurement - Metadata - Photography  - Pixels - Rotating disks - Software design - Stepping motors - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - Determination coefficients - Image processing algorithm - Maize seeds - Perspective transformation - Software development tools - Three-dimensional characteristics - Three-dimensional parameters
Classification code:444.1  Surface Water - 601.2  Machine Components - 705.3  Electric Motors - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 746  Imaging Techniques - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.28e-03m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 7.41e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20182405309267
Title:Property analysis of resistant wheat amylose and amylopectin with wheat gliadin
Authors:Guo, Junjie (1); Ma, Qiaozhi (1); Kang, Haiqi (2); Lian, Xijun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin; 300134, China; (2) Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu; 610066, China
Corresponding author:Lian, Xijun(lianliu2002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:293-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Starch is the reserve carbohydrate in the plant kingdom. There is about 65 - 70% starch, 11 - 13% protein and some other components in wheat. Resistant starch (RS) has been investigated mainly with regard to colonic effects, glycemic index, cholesterol lowering capability, and losing weight effect. The daily intake of a certain amount of resistant starch is particularly important to human health. Retrogradation is the process of starch recrystallization which is one of the most important methods for the preparation of RS. Gliadin, accounting for 40%-50% of wheat gluten, promotes the retrogradation of wheat starch while glutelin retards it. The objective of this research is to study the effects of external gliadin in gluten on deferent kinds of wheat starch after purified by lipase and protease, which is a part of a large research program aimed at gaining an enhanced molecular understanding of the transformations occurring during the processing and storage of starch materials. Gliadin was isolated from wheat flour and its effect on retrogradation of wheat starch was investigated by visible absorbance (starch-iodine), IR, XRD, DSC respectively. The results showed that gliadin probably interacted with starch during the process of gelation and retrogradation, resulting in enhance of starch retrogradation. The IR spectra indicated that the addition of gliadin to wheat starch led to the reduction of hydrogen bonds between amylose. Addition of gliadin in crystal of retrograded wheat starch caused presence of two new lattice planes. The DSC results indicated that the hydrogen bond of amylose and gliadin was formed in the retrogradation progress. The polycrystal structure and the double helix reign were coexisting. The hydroxyl group of C-6 with less steric hindrance can form six-membered ring with carboxyl and acylamino group of prolines and glutamine by hydrogen bond respectively. Starch could combine with gliadin by hydrogen bond to form double helix during retrogradation, which resulted in the promotion of short term retrogradation of wheat starch. Gliadin and starch formed double helix in the interface of themselves that inhibit the enzymolysis of starch. This kind of hydrogen bonding might be an inhibitor for &alpha;-amylase. The gliadin would not promote the retrogradation of starch anymore when all of the amino acid formed hydrogen bond with starch. In a word, this study has provided some distinct insights into the understanding of the effects of gliadin on the retrogradation of wheat starch.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Starch
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Amino acids - Characterization - Cyclodextrins - Gelation - Hydrogen bonds - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Cholesterol lowering - Gliadin - Molecular understanding - Research programs - Six-membered rings - Starch recrystallization - Starch retrogradation - Steric hindrances
Classification code:801.4  Physical Chemistry - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01% to 1.30e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01% to 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20182405309261
Title:Design and temperature control scheme for water loop heat pump air conditioning system with combination of buried pipe and water tank in underground engineering
Authors:Yang, Jing (1); Cao, Xiaoling (1); Yuan, Yanping (1); Zeng, Chao (1); Sun, Liangliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu; 610031, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Yanping(ypyuan@home.swjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:248-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Information-based war will be the main way of fighting in the future with the progress of science and technology. As an important part of the country's military power, civil air defense projects will face more severe challenges. A good thermal environment is an important security for civil air defense projects to play a role. Nowadays, the central air conditioning systems are widely used in the underground space to maintain indoor temperature and humidity. However, these systems are confirmed to have high energy consumption and easy to cause infrared exposure. Therefore, it's absolutely necessary to design a safe, applicable, high efficient and energy-saving system to improve the thermal and humidity condition for protection engineering. Based on the dual demands for energy saving and infrared camouflage, this paper proposes a new air conditioning system. It uses the water loop heat pump units as the air conditioner, which can realize cooling and heating at the same time and transfer heat from hot area to cold area through the water circulation loop for energy saving. In addition, replacing the traditional cooling towers by composite cold and heat sources that consist of ground heat exchanger and water tank in parallel, high-temperature gas will not be produced, which can avoid infrared exposure and improve the ability of energy security for using renewable energy. There are 2 forms of composite cold and heat sources. Buried pipe combined with static water tank constitutes one and buried pipe with dynamic water tank constitutes the other. When using static water tank, it needs to replace the water frequently to maintain normal operation due to heat accumulation and being easy to cause the waste of water resources, so it is not applicable to the areas where water resources are scarce. When using dynamic water tank, it can achieve cooling continuously and has small floor space, but it has high water consumption. So it is applicable to the areas where water resources are adequate. In this paper, the application characteristics of the new system are illustrated. Afterwards, the concepts of stage control and annual control over temperature are put forward. To analyze the load characteristics of the underground space both in peace time and war time, the whole-year hourly dynamic load of a civil air defense project in Beijing is simulated by TRNSYS (transient system simulation program) software. Results show that it can improve the thermal environment effectively in transition season when the stage control plan is used. When the air conditioning system runs every day at intervals, the buried pipe system can meet the demand for cooling capacity over 40 years. For this project, it needs refrigeration throughout the year in war time. The load in war time is far more than the load in peace time, and the peak load in war time is about 3.15 times that in peace time. Finally, by comparing the water consumption and cover area, it concludes that the cold and heat source consisting of ground heat exchanger and dynamic water tank is more suitable for this project. This paper has important guiding significance for the application of the air conditioning system of water loop heat pump with composite cold and heat sources to underground engineering.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Atmospheric humidity - Camouflage - Computer software - Cooling - Dynamic loads - Energy conservation - Energy policy - Energy security - Energy utilization  - Heat pump systems - Military rockets - Network security - Pumps - Temperature - Underground equipment - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Central air-conditioning systems - Good thermal environments - Ground heat exchangers - Heat pumps - High energy consumption - Infrared camouflage - Science and Technology - Underground engineering
Classification code:404.1  Military Engineering - 408.1  Structural Design, General - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 525  Energy Management and Conversion - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20182405309247
Title:Normalized root length density distribution model for spring maize under different water and fertilizer combination
Authors:Zou, Haiyang (1); Zhang, Fucang (1); Wu, Lifeng (2); Xiang, Youzhen (1); Fan, Junliang (1); Li, Zhijun (1); Li, Sien (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State-province United Engineering Laboratory on Water Engineering Safety and Resources Efficient Utilization of Poyang Lake Basin, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang; 330099, China; (3) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fucang(zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:133-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Spring Spring maize is one of the main grain crops in Hexi region of China.Water and fertilizer are generally two of the most important factors in determining the spring maize productivity and yield. Roots are important vegetative organ of crop, and root distribution is one of the indispensable parameters for simulating crop growth, soil moisture and nutrient transport, as well as for developing rational irrigation systems and crop management. Root length density (RLD) is a highly wanted parameter for use in crop growth modeling but difficult to measure under field conditions. The existing root distribution models are mostly established under the single irrigation and fertilization condition. Different RLD distributions were created under varying row and drip line spacing, irrigation volume and fertilizer application rate. The model of root distribution for maize under different water and fertilizer supply was studied, which provided the practical significance for maize irrigation and fertilization management. The test site was in Shiyanghe Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, which is located in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Using spring maize Qiangsheng 51 as the test cultivar, the field experiment was performed with 4 water supply levels, 60% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>60</inf>), 75% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>75</inf>), 90% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>90</inf>) and 105% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>105</inf>) in 2015, and 60% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>60</inf>), 80% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>80</inf>), 100% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>100</inf>) and 120% ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>120</inf>) in 2016 (ET<inf>c</inf>is the average annual crop evapotranspiration), in interaction with 4 fertilization levels based on different ratios of N-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>-K<inf>2</inf>O, i.e. 60-30-30, 120-60-60, 180-90-90 and 240-120-120 kg/hm². There were 16 treatments in total. The RLD was measured at the grain filling stage, and the normalized root length density (NRLD) distribution model was established. The results showed that under the same fertilization amount, the distribution of RLD in soil profile increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. Under the same irrigation condition, the distribution of RLD in soil profile increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount. There was a cubic polynomial relationship between the NRLD of spring maize and relative soil depth, and the parameters of the cubic term showed a quadratic polynomial function with the irrigation amount and the fertilization amount, with a coefficient of determination of 0.84. Evaluation results showed that under the condition of I<inf>60</inf>, I<inf>75</inf>, I<inf>90</inf>and I<inf>105</inf>, the root mean square error (RMSE) between simulated and observed NRLD values was 0.20, 0.16, 0.16, 0.17 and standardized root mean square error (n-RMSE) was 32%, 27%, 14%, 17%, respectively. The determination coefficient of linear relationship between simulated and observed RLD was 0.95. The distribution of RLD of spring maize and its proportion in different soil depths could be estimated under different water and fertilizer conditions. The vertical distribution of RLD estimated by the model was in good agreement with the observed pattern in the field, with the coefficient of determination of over 0.87. When the irrigation levels were the same, with the increase of fertilization amount, the ratio of root length over the upper &frac12; soil depth to that of the whole root system first decreased and then increased, with the average values of 87.6%, 79.8%, 79.6% and 84.3%, respectively. At the same fertilization level, with the increase of irrigation amount, the ratio of root length over the upper &frac12; soil depth to that of the whole root system first decreased and then increased, with the average values of 87.3%, 81.3%, 79.6% and 83.2%, respectively. On the whole, the root length over the upper &#8531; soil depth accounted for 73.6% of that of the whole root system, while the corresponding value was 82.8% for the root length over the upper half soil depth. This study is of great theoretical significance to guide the management of irrigation and fertilization in the field.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Crops - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Mean square error - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Determination coefficients - Distribution models - Fertilizer applications - Quadratic polynomial functions - Root mean square errors - Roots - Spring maize
Classification code:446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.05e+02%, Percentage 1.20e+02%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.36e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.96e+01%, Percentage 7.98e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+01%, Percentage 8.28e+01%, Percentage 8.32e+01%, Percentage 8.43e+01%, Percentage 8.73e+01%, Percentage 8.76e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20182405309249
Title:Characteristic of black soil respiration and its influencing factors under long-term fertilization regimes
Authors:He, Mei (1); Wang, Ligang (1); Wang, Yingchun (1); Shen, Xin (2); Zhang, Yitao (1); Zhu, Ping (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun; 130033, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Ligang(wangligang@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:151-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Clarifying characteristic and its influence factors of soil respiration under long-term different fertilization is essential to the research on carbon sequestration as well as carbon emission reduction in black soil area. Our experiments were conducted in National Fertility Monitoring Station in Gongzhuling City since 1990, and 6 fertilization treatments were set up, including no fertilizer (CK), only chemical fertilizer application (NPK), inorganic fertilizer combined with low level of organic manure (NPKM1), 1.5 times the amount of inorganic fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer of NPKM1 (1.5 (NPKM1)), inorganic fertilizer combined with high amount of organic manure (NPKM2), and inorganic fertilizer combined with straw (NPKS). The seasonal variation characteristics of total and heterotrophic soil respiration were analyzed, and the relationships between relevant factors (soil temperature, moisture content, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC@@MBN), ammonium and nitrate nitrogen) and total or heterotrophic soil respiration were determined. The results showed that long-term combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer could significantly improve content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and potassium and soil active organic carbon components (P&lt;0.05). Compared with CK, long-term combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure, and chemical fertilizer and straw treatment could significantly increase soil carbon cumulative emissions by 56.32%-86.54% and 70.01%-100.93%, respectively. The total contribution of root respiration to soil respiration was 23.68%-34.30%. Correlation analysis indicated that soil respiration rate was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature (P&lt;0.01), but significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture content (P&lt;0.01). And soil temperature could explain 42.79% and 39.61% of changes in soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, respectively. Soil respiration rate and heterotrophic respiration rate were significantly correlated with MBC, MBN and nitrate nitrogen (P&lt;0.01), which could explain 78.42% and 77.18%, 58.33% and 56.79%, 59.29% and 59.14% of changes in soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, respectively. The soil ammonium nitrogen significantly affecting the soil respiration rate (P&lt;0.05), could account for 5.56% of the changes in soil respiration, but it had no significant effect on the rate of heterotrophic respiration. Therefore, MBC had the greatest influence on total and heterotrophic soil respiration rate, and higher soil moisture content resulted in weaker soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration rates. NPKS could maintain soil carbon pool component content and microbial activity, and in addition, the carbon cumulative emissions during crop growth period were lower than that of NPKM1 under equal quantity of nitrogen of chemical fertilizer and organic manures, which was the best farmland management measure.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:56
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Emission control - Fertilizers - Forestry - Manures - Moisture determination - Nitrates - Organic carbon - Soil moisture - Soils - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonium-N - Heterotrophic respiration - Soil microbial biomass carbons - Soil respiration - Soil temperature
Classification code:451.2  Air Pollution Control - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.37e+01% to 3.43e+01%, Percentage 3.96e+01%, Percentage 4.28e+01%, Percentage 5.56e+00%, Percentage 5.63e+01% to 8.65e+01%, Percentage 5.68e+01%, Percentage 5.83e+01%, Percentage 5.91e+01%, Percentage 5.93e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 1.01e+02%, Percentage 7.72e+01%, Percentage 7.84e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20182405309243
Title:Prediction of erosional shape evolution in end-surface clearance of turbine guide vane
Authors:Han, Wei (1, 2); Chen, Yu (1); Liu, Yi (1, 2); Wei, Sanze (3); Li, Guangxian (1); Jin, Junjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Gansu Fluid Machinery and Systems, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) San-yuan Hydropower Development Co., Ltd, Jiuquan; 735000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yi(18811212509@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:100-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most of the existing erosional prediction is based on the premise of constant flow boundary conditions. However, when the flow surfaces are corroded, the hydrodynamic parameters changed with the change of the flow boundary. Thus, the existing erosional prediction approach is difficult to be consistent with the reality. The practice shows that the end clearance surface and the shaft of the turbine guide vane are corroded by sand-laden water, which is a development process of non-homogeneous and backward. The generation of erosional damage has a negative impact on the normal operation of the unit and the safety of production. In order to accurately describe the physical reality of the erosional shape evolution of the end clearance surface@@in this article, we proposed erosional differential quadrature concept. The approximate expression of the geometric shape in the main erosional surface was constructed by creating as much surfaces. The numerical simulation methods combined RNG k-&Epsilon; (Re- normalization group k-&Epsilon;) turbulence model with DPM (discrete phase model) was applied. According to the test and numerical results of the full flow field for San-yuan hydropower company, the calculated boundary conditions and initial conditions were set. The model inflow boundary could be assumed to be velocity inlet and outflow. The inlet speed was 10 m/s, and the pressure of inlet was 1.9 MPa. The model of the end clearance flow of turbine guide vane under sand-laden water was simplified as the flow around a circular cylinder and a step, and then the three-dimensional unsteady numerical calculation was carried out. The average erosional rate distributions were obtained on the main erosional surface at different stage. The main erosional surfaces include the back of shaft as well as the step surface of the guide vane and the head cover. The mathematical model and approximate solution method of average erosional rate and erosional time related to erosional depth variation on flow surface were established. The surface morphology of the clearance flow model was changed according to the amount of erosional depth variation. When the geometrical form of the clearance flow surface was approximately the same as the degree of erosion in the actual operation, the geometrical form of model was no longer changed. Thereby, the gradual erosional shape of the flow surface was predicted. The temporal and spatial evolution of the erosional morphology on the flow wall during the period of erosion was analyzed, and then the flow evolution mechanism of the backflow on the end surface and the step surface of the turbine guide vane was analyzed. As the particles at the outer edge of the vortex in the step surface of the guide vane continually to erode the surfaces, where the deep erosional pits appeared, the vortex developed backwards, the reattachment position on the guide vane surface was also migrated upstream, and then the erosional area had a significant increase and also migrated upstream. In addition, the main reason for the erosion behind the shaft was the generation of the Karman Vortex Street. Due to the airfoil of guide vane was the asymmetric reduction, the erosion on the right side (observing from the entrance direction) was more serious. When the period was from 0.2 T to 0.4 T, the change degree of erosional morphology on turbine guide vanes were the most intense. The numerical results were approximately similar to the erosional depth on the erosional surface under the actual running time of the unit, which verified the validity of the method. This paper provides a reference for effective prediction of the erosional condition of fluid machinery. In addition, it also provides a theoretical reference for structural design, erosional protection and material selection in the end clearance surface of turbine guide vane.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Circular cylinders - Computer simulation - Corrosion - Forecasting - Gas turbines - Models - Morphology - Numerical methods - Structural design  - Turbine components - Turbulence models - Turbulent flow - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Approximate expressions - Differential quadrature - End-surface clearance flow - Flow around a circular cylinder - Numerical simulation method - Spatiotemporal evolution - Temporal and spatial evolutions - Turbine guide vane
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 612.3  Gas Turbines and Engines - 617  Turbines and Steam Turbines - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Magnetic_Flux_Density 2.00e-01T to 4.00e-01T, Pressure 1.90e+06Pa, Velocity 1.00e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20182405309238
Title:Design and test of dent corn seed directional and fixed-distance output device with lateral standing posture
Authors:Xing, Jiejie (1); Xu, Liming (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Duan, Zhuangzhuang (1); Ma, Shuai (1); Yu, Changchang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:55-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance output and embryo surface's identification are the keys of mechanically directional sowing of corn. Besides, corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance output is also the base of embryo surface's identification. However, at present, there are few studies on corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance output, and there is even no practicable implementation. In order to deal with the problem, a dent corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance output device with lateral standing posture was designed based on electromagnetic vibration in this paper, and implementation principles of orientation and fixing distance for corn seeds by this device were discussed. The device was composed of 2 parts: corn seeds' arraying mechanism with lateral standing posture and corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance mechanism. The second part was the crux of this device. The corn seeds' arraying mechanism with lateral standing posture was made up of circular electromagnetic vibrator and hopper. After dispersion, orderly transportation, separation and posture transformation by corn seeds' arraying mechanism with lateral standing posture, the stacked corn seeds became arrayed with lateral standing posture. After orientation and fixing distance by corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance mechanism, the corn seeds arrayed with lateral standing posture were output with tip-forward state, and the spacing between adjacent seeds was consistent. The core part of corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance mechanism was directional and fixed-distance function module, and it was a combination of lateral feeding orbit, directional and fixed-distance turntable, left and right side panels and lateral output orbit. Corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance mechanism had 4 essential working parameters, namely inclination angle of lateral feeding orbit, amplitude of lateral feeding orbit, angular velocity of directional and fixed-distance turntable, and amplitude of lateral output orbit. The result of implementation principles showed that the 4 working parameters had great influence on the process of orienting and fixing distance for corn seeds. Inappropriate working parameters could cause unsuccessful orientation and fixing distance for corn seed. In order to optimize the working effect of corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance mechanism, the simulation model of the directional and fixed-distance function module was established by software ADAMS (automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems), and then orthogonal tests and single-factor tests were carried out. The inclination angle of lateral feeding orbit, amplitude of lateral feeding orbit, angular velocity of directional and fixed-distance turntable and amplitude of lateral output orbit were taken as factors, the success rate of orientation and fixing distance for corn seed and the spacing between adjacent seeds as test indices. Based on the analysis of experimental results, the optimal working parameters were determined: Inclination angle of lateral feeding orbit is 3&deg;, lateral feeding orbit is 0.3 mm, angular velocity of directional and fixed-distance turntable is 30&deg;/s, and amplitude of lateral output orbit is 0.3 mm. Under the condition, the success rate of orientation and fixing distance for corn seed reached 94.4%, and the average spacing between adjacent seeds was about 43 mm. In order to verify the accuracy and reliability of simulation optimization result, the practical dent corn seeds' directional and fixed-distance output device with lateral standing posture was produced. According to the optimal working parameters obtained from the simulation test, the working parameters of the practical device were adjusted. The performance test was performed on the basis of 300 corn seeds and the results coincided with simulation very well, which were as follows: 1) The device worked stably under the condition; 2) The realistic success rate of orientation and fixing distance for corn seed was 90.7%; 3) The realistic average spacing between adjacent seeds was about 45 mm. Generally, this research provides the condition for embryo surface's identification, directional packaging and mechanically directional sowing of corn.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Mechanisms
Controlled terms:Angular velocity - Crops - Crystal orientation - Design - Feeding - Input output programs - Mechanization - Orthogonal functions - Software testing
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems - Corn seeds - Electromagnetic vibrations - Electromagnetic vibrators - Fixing distance - Inclination angles - Simulation optimization - Standing posture
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 601.3  Mechanisms - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 723.1  Computer Programming - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 933.1.1  Crystal Lattice
Numerical data indexing:Angular_Velocity 5.24e-01rad/s, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Size 3.00e-04m, Size 4.30e-02m, Size 4.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20182405309268
Title:Review on application of SNP detection methods in animal research
Authors:Zhao, Jie (1); You, Xinyong (1); Xu, Zhenzhen (1); Chen, Ailiang (1); Zhao, Yan (1); He, Wenjing (1); Yang, Shuming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Quality Standard &amp; Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Shuming(yangshuming@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:299-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is just a single base change in a DNA sequence, including transition, transversion, insertion or deletion of one base, and it is usual with an alternative of two possible nucleotides at a given position. It is also considered as the least frequent mutation in the biological genome, with the frequency of 1% or greater, and the mutation is widespread in the genome. SNP is usually bi-allelic mutation, which is liable to high-throughput automated analysis and genotyping. In addition, SNP is relative genetically stable than other mutations, such as simple sequence repeat (SSR), estimated to be between 1&times;10^-9and 5&times;10^-9per nucleotide per year at neutral positions in mammals. SNP is considered as the third generation of molecular marker, and it is very popular in both overseas and domestic scholars in many fields of research. In recent years, the methods for SNP quantification and genotyping are rapidly developed and so many new analytical techniques are renewed. The first type of genotyping and quantification technique is sequencing, such as Sanger sequencing, next generation sequencing and the third-generation sequencing. The sequencing technique can directly get the sequence information of the target fragment by comparing between sequences each other, and the detection rate can be reached to 100%. What's more, the information of mutation type and location can be clear at the same time. The allele-specific enzymatic techniques and allele-specific hybridization-based techniques are the second type of genotyping and quantification techniques. These techniques utilize the characteristics of subtle difference in thermal stability between perfectly matched and one-base mismatched in the sequences to design different detective methods and adopt corresponding detectors. The types of method include endonuclease digestion technique, oligo nucleotide ligation assay technique, allele-specific PCR technique, dynamic allele specific hybridization technique, Taqman, DNA chip technique and so on. These approaches have realized the high throughput beyond doubt, however, due to the enzymatic and hybridization theories, in order to achieve good results, the optimal condition of PCR reaction and the carefully designed probes and hybridisation protocols are of great importance. Besides the above SNP genotyping and quantification techniques, the chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques are also employed in the field, such as denaturing high performance liquid chromatograph and MALDI-TOF-MS. The two methods are all ultra-high-throughput screening and high efficient SNP detection methods. But they are too expensive to be widely used by most researchers. Although each technique is not perfect, researchers can choose one or two suitable methods to solve their scientific problems. With the rapid development in SNP typing and improvement of relevant databases, SNP has been extensively employed in genetic studies, such as genetic maps construction, population genetics structural analysis, genetic association studies, breed and individual identification and product traceability. We hope that this article will provide some references for the SNP genotyping and quantification techniques towards to the more robust, flexible and low-cost for further development.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Throughput
Controlled terms:Animals - Automatic testing - DNA sequences - Drug products - Genes - Liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Nucleotides - Polymerase chain reaction - Trace analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Genotyping - High performance liquid chromatographs - Individual identification - Next-generation sequencing - Sequence informations - Simple sequence repeats - Single nucleotide polymorphisms - Spectrometry technique
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9  Biology - 801  Chemistry - 801.2  Biochemistry
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20182405309244
Title:Extraction of rice planting information based on remote sensing image from UAV
Authors:Li, Ming (1, 3); Huang, Yuqi (1); Li, Xumeng (2); Peng, Dongxing (1); Xie, Jingxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) College of Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Hunan Soar Star Aviation Technology Co. Ltd, Changsha; 410100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:108-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rice is the main crop in China. Based on the advantages of flexibility, high accuracy and short working cycle of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), in this paper, we aim to establish a method for the investigation of rice planting area by UAV remote sensing image. The six-rotor UAV's camera image sensor is CMOS with FOV94. The focus is on infinity. The maximum single pixel is 4 000&times;3 000 pixels. The experimental region and verification region mainly included rice, tree, grassland, bare land, water body and buildings and so on. At first, the multiple images with overlapped region were obtained by UAV. The complete images of the experimental region and the verification region were obtained by Agisoft photoscan software. The image spatial resolution of the experimental region was 0.04 m and the verification region was 0.02 m. The multiresolution segmentation algorithm of eCognition Developer 9 software was used to segment the complete image of the experimental region and the verification region to obtain several objects and calculate the spectral, geometric, and texture features of each object. Using multiresolution segmentation algorithm to segment the image, the scale parameter of experimental region: scale=480, shape=0.1, compact=0.1, and the total number of objects after the segmentation were 880. The scale parameter of experimental region: scale=1 500, shape=0.1, compact=0.3, a total of 240 split object after segmentation. Subjects in the experimental region and the verification region were divided into training samples and verification samples. Training samples in the experimental region were used to extract characteristic indexes for identifying rice, binary logistic model training samples for identifying rice, and establishment and verification of characteristic indexes. The sample was used to test the race recognition model. The characteristics indexes of race identified in this study were shape index, red mean, red standard deviation Max.diff (maximum difference), GLCM contrast (gray-level co-occurrence matrix contrast) and GLCM dissimilarity(gray-level co-occurrence matrix contrast dissimilarity). The red mean was the index for distinguishing vegetation cover (rice, grassland, tree) and non-vegetation covered objects (bare land, water body, building); red standard deviation and Max.diff (maximum difference) value depicted the color change of rice and grassland; and the color of rice was relatively uniform, with uneven growth and relatively large changes in color. The color of rice and tree changes was small, but the border of the tree was fragmented, the shape index was larger, and the shape index can effectively distinguish between the color mean and the change of rice and tree body. The texture features reflected the slowly-changing or periodically changing structure and arrangement properties of the land surface. Rice, tree, grassland, bare land, water body, and building all had certain differences. It was reasonable to distinguish the six characteristic indexes from the test area and the verification area based on the mechanism analysis, including shape index, red mean, red standard deviation, Max.diff (maximum difference). Based on GLCM contrast (gray-level co-occurrence matrix contrast) and GLCM dissimilarity (gray-level co-occurrence matrix contrast dissimilarity), six characteristic indexes Logistic model of discriminating two classifications of rice land lots, experimental region's identification of training sample set the correct rate was 100%, the correct rate of validation sample set was 97%, and the overall correct rate was 98%. When the correct rate of training sample set was 100%, the correct rate of validation sample set was 99%, the overall correct rate was 99% on the verification region. Based on the image pixel method, the area of rice was measured and the area error was less than 3.5% compared with the result of visual interpretation. This method had a good effect in identifying paddy fields and high accuracy in area estimation. Therefore, this study had some applicability to the use of UAV visible light remote sensing imagery to survey rice planting information, and had certain reference value for rice census. The results showed that the growth period of paddy rice in the wrongly classified rice lags behind and had not been closed yet. Therefore, this method identified the influence of paddy field growth period on paddy fields and carries out multiple surveys at different times to further improve the method of identifying paddy rice plots the effective way to correct rate.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Antennas - Automobile bodies - Color - Crops - Forestry - Pixels - Remote sensing - Sampling - Statistics - Surveys  - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation - Verification
Uncontrolled terms:Binary logistic model - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - Image spatial resolution - Multi features - Multiresolution segmentation - Rice - Visible - Visible-light remote sensing
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 662.4  Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 741.1  Light/Optics - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.50e+00%, Percentage 9.70e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20182405309241
Title:Strategy and experiment of attitude control for quadruped mobile platform walking on three-dimensional slope used for agriculture
Authors:Su, Wenhai (1); Li, Bing (1); Yuan, Lipeng (2); Zhang, Hui (2); Tan, Hewen (1); Xi, Xiaolin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin; 150001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:80-91
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the continuous improvement of modern agricultural automation technology, agricultural robots have become the new trend of agricultural machinery. As an auxiliary mobile platform of agricultural machinery, robots with feet have unique advantages compared with other mobile platforms and have been widely used in various fields of agriculture. The quadruped robot has the advantages of movement pattern of four-legged mammals and very strong adaptability and flexibility to complex terrain. Therefore, the quadruped robot has gradually become an magnet of new area. As an auxiliary mobile platform for agricultural machinery, the smooth motion posture of quadruped robot directly influence on its work performance when walking on a slope. In order to improve the stability and smoothness with load of the quadruped mobile platform while walking on the farmland, a vector control strategy of the three-dimensional slope is proposed in this paper. First of all, according to the structure, topological mode and parameters of each joint of the four-legged mobile platform, the coordinate transformation of the link of the leg is established and the kinematics is modeled. Based on the transformation relationship between the four-legged mobile platforms, the kinematic positive and inverse solutions are carried out, then the kinematic solution of the foot-end position and the leg joint angle of the four-legged mobile platform is achieved. The second, based on the kinematics model of quadruped mobile platform, the transformation equations between the angle of body and the swing angle of the leg joints on the three-dimensional slope were reduced, by analyzing the change of attitude vector on two-dimensional (pitch and roll) slope. Then, the Walk gait planning on three-dimensional slope and Trot gait planning on flat surface of the agricultural quadruped mobile platform were carried out, by using the Euler dynamic equation, SLIP theory and the stability margin theory of sub optimal support triangle. According to simulation result of slope attitude by Matlab/SimMechanics, we studied its control strategy, select pitch and roll attitude change as the limit of minimum angle. The third, the result of Matlab-adams virtual prototype simulation verify the practicability of this method about the three-dimensional attitude transformation equations and the gait planning. We can get the conclusion that the pitch and roll angle changes in the range of -2&deg;-2&deg;, when the mobile platform walking on the three-dimensional slope with pitch and roll are both 10&deg;. The last, the walking experiment on three-dimensional slope was carried out. The experiment results were basically consistent with the simulation; This results verify the rationality of this three-dimensional slope attitude transformation equation and gait planning; This method not only achieve the aim of maintaining the upper platform on the level surface, but also improve the walking stability, when the quadruped mobile platform is walking on the slop; For the four-legged mobile platform load stability experiment, the static load capacity will be tested. According to the relative load error of load quality with slope changes with or without attitude control, and as an evaluation index, the results show that: The proposed attitude control strategy for slopes improves the load stability by 15.8%, 16.2% and 16.0% respectively compared with the non-attitude controller when walking on the upper and lower slopes or three-dimensional slopes. It enhanced the performance of four-legged mobile platform as the agricultural mobile. The performance of the auxiliary platform provides a reference for the design of the motion attitude control of the modern agricultural mobile platform.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Algorithms - Attitude control - Control engineering - Geometry - Inverse problems - Kinematics - MATLAB - Mobile phones  - Multipurpose robots - Slope stability - Vector control (Electric machinery) - Walking aids
Uncontrolled terms:Attitude angle - Gait planning - Mobile platform - Rotation angles - Slope attitude
Classification code:406.2  Roads and Streets - 461.5  Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921  Mathematics - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.62e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20182405309265
Title:Experiment on performance of corn drying system with combination of heat pipe and multi-stage series heat pump equipment
Authors:Li, Weizhao (1, 2); Sheng, Wei (2); Zhang, Zhentao (1); Yang, Luwei (1); Zhang, Chong (1); Wei, Juan (1); Li, Bo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100190, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhentao(zzth1@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:278-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most of the existing grain drying systems in the northeast of China are large and multistage tower-type coal drying systems, and in the process of grain drying, the system produces hot and humid exhaust gases directly into the atmosphere after a heat exchange of hot air and grain. It not only caused great waste of energy, but also seriously polluted the environment. Aiming at the characteristics of cold climate in northeast China and the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution of coal-fired corn drying system of the multi-stage tower type, a heat pipe combined with corn drying technology of multistage series heat pump is developed. This technology can realize the recovery of waste heat and exhaust impurities in the corn drying by burning coal in multistage tower-type, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. On the basis of this technology, the series of 50 t/d, 150 t/d and 300 t/d of corn heat pump drying equipment are developed, and the industrialization demonstration of 3 kinds of scale has been carried out. The performance testing of 300 t/d corn heat pump drying system is carried out.. The results show that the power consumption of per hour is 538 kW. h, the dehumidification rate is 2016 kg/h, the heating coefficient COP of the heat pump is between 3.7-6.7, and the energy consumption ratio SMER of dehumidification is 3.75 kg/(kW&middot;h). In the end, the economy between the heat pump drying of corn and the drying of corn by burning coal of the multi-stage tower are compared.The results show that cost of the heat pump drying to get one kilogram of dry corn is 0.038 yuan, while the cost of coal-fired drying is 0.049 yuan. The cost of heat pump drying of per unit of corn is 22.4% lower than the cost of the coal-fired drying. Compared with the drying of corn by coal, the heat pump drying of corn can greatly reduce pollutant emissions, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is obvious, which provides a valuable reference for the application of heat pump drying technology in the field of grain drying.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Coal - Costs - Emission control - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Exhaust gases - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Heat pipes - Heat pump systems  - Humidity control - Metal recovery - Pumps - Towers - Waste heat - Waste heat utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Corn - Energy consumption ratios - Energy saving and emission reductions - Heat pumps - Heating coefficients - High energy consumption - Performance testing - Pollutant emission
Classification code:402.4  Towers - 451.1  Air Pollution Sources - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 524  Solid Fuels - 525  Energy Management and Conversion - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 901.3  Engineering Research - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.57e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.15e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.25e-01kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.60e-01kg/s, Percentage 2.24e+01%, Power 5.38e+05W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20182405309258
Title:Thermal performance experiment on air convection heat storage wall with cavity in Chinese solar greenhouse
Authors:Zhao, Shumei (1, 2); Zhuang, Yunfei (1, 2); Zheng, Kexin (1, 2); Ma, Chengwei (1, 2); Cheng, Jieyu (1, 2); Ma, Chong (3); Chen, Xiaowen (4); Zhang, Tianzhu (1, 2, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Zhongnong Tianlu Micro-Nano Water Bubble Technology Co. LTD, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Beijing Zhongnong Futong Horticulture Co., LTD, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:223-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Air convection wall, which was developed in recent years, is a new mode of Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) wall. Two rows of vent holes, located in the upper and the lower part of the wall, make air exchange available between the environment in CSG and the hollow layer of the wall. During the daytime, the indoor temperature in CSG rises and keeps a higher level than the air temperature inside the hollow wall. The hot air enters the hollow layer through the upper vent holes and the cold air inside the wall enters the CSG through the lower vent holes with the increasing of temperature difference between inside and outside of the hollow wall. Hence, it forms a natural air convection. Then the heat can be transfered and stored into the wall from the flowing air during the daytime. Similarly, there is a different air convection with a reverse air flow at night, which transfers heat from the hollow wall into the flowing air and releases the stored heat into the CSG environment through the vent holes. So the heat storage and release properties of the wall are strengthened by the air convection between the CSG environment and the wall cavity. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of heat storage and release of the air convection hollow wall as well as its effects on the thermal environment in CSG. A comparison experiment was carried out in Tongzhou District, Beijing City. The tested CSG was seperated to control (without air convection holes) and test (with air convection holes) areas. The measurements included the temperature distribution inside the wall and its daily variation, the heat storage and release properties of the wall as well as the temperature variation during the day and night in the CSG. The environmental parameters were also investigated, like the temperature of wall and environment, and the surface heat flux of the wall. Additionally, the wind velocity and wet and dry bulb temperature of the vent holes were recorded to analyze the changes of air convection and heat exchange amount. The results showed that the temperature distribution of air convection wall was different from non-convection wall. Higher average temperature and magnified daily temperature variation inside the air convection wall indicated that the area of the wall (depth or volume) involved in heat storage and release was expanded under air convection conditions. The wind velocity showed that there was a good air convection and the speed of wind was corresponding to the temperature difference between the CSG and the hollow layer of the wall. The best convection performance appeared at noon with 0.6 m/s maximum wind velocity and 32.22 kW largest heat exchange amount. Compared with non-convection hollow wall, air convection wall increased the capacity of heat storage by 15.1% during the day and the capacity of heat release by 14.7% at night. The hollow layer of the wall contributed 1/3 of the total heat storage and release and improved the lowest temperature by 2.2&#8451; at night, so the heating performance during the night was clearly improved. Moreover, a cooling effect during the day appeared with the 6.2&#8451; maximum temperature difference at noon. In conclusion, the study shows that the new structure of air convection hollow wall enhances the heat storage and release properties of the wall effectively and improves the lowest temperature environment at night in CSG.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Heat convection
Controlled terms:Air - Greenhouses - Heat exchangers - Heat flux - Heat storage - Natural convection - Solar heating - Temperature - Temperature distribution - Vents  - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese solar greenhouse - Environmental parameter - Heating performance - Maximum temperature differences - Temperature differences - Temperature environments - Temperature variation - Walls
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 1.51e+01%, Power 3.22e+04W, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20182405309251
Title:Impacts of soil physical-chemical and mechanical properties on gully erosion development on terrace slopes in dry-hot valley region
Authors:Yang, Dan (1, 2); Xiong, Donghong (3, 4); Liu, Shoujiang (1, 2); Zhang, Bin (1, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land and Resource, China West Normal University, Nanchong; 637009, China; (2) Institute of Jialing River Basin, China West Normal University, Nanchong; 637009, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (4) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (5) Institute of Earth Surface Process and Environmental Change, China West Normal University, Nanchong; 637009, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:170-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gully erosion on land consolidation terrace slopes (LCTSs) is well developed in Jinsha Dry-hot valley region, and has caused serious soil losses. According to the field investigation, the soil erosion modulus caused by gully erosion on LCTSs can up to 8 000 t/(km²&middot;a), which can lead continuous increase of sediment content in Jinsha River and its tributary rivers. Moreover, the development of gully erosion on LCTSs can severely destroy terrace land systems and hamper the exertion of ecological and economic benefits in the study area. In order to explore the key controlling factors of gully erosion development on LCTSs, and to find effective prevention and controlling measurements for gully erosion on LCTSs, a series of field investigations and laboratory measurements have been conducted between March and April 2016. Width, depth, sectional area, density and lacerate-degree of gullies in studied spots had been obtained by directly measuring and calculating based on related theoretical formula. In addition, bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, shear strength (including cohesion and internal friction angle) and dispersion rate of studied soil samples were determined by conventional methods in soil science. On the basis of that, in this study, we analyzed the morphological characteristics of gullies on LCTSs, and explored the influence of soil physicochemical properties and mechanical properties on gully erosion development on LCTSs. The results showed that: 1) The non-capillary porosity was the major factor that affected the development of gully morphological characteristics on LCTSs. Non-capillary porosity had significant influence on width, depth, sectional area, density and lacerate-degree of gullies, while the impact manner and degree of non-capillary porosity on above-mentioned morphological characteristics were very different; 2) Soil shear strength only affected depth and sectional area of gullies, and had little influence on width, density and lacerate-degree of gullies on LCTSs. The impact manner of soil cohesion on depth and sectional area was similar, from which both fitting functions were cubic curves. In contrast, soil internal friction angle just affected the gullies' depth, and a quadratic function can be found between soil internal friction angle and gullies' depth; 3) Soil dispersion rate exerted obviously role in the changing of width and lacerate-degree of gullies, among which an exponential growth function can be found between gully width and soil dispersion rate, as well as a power function was built between lacerate-degree of gullies and soil dispersion rate. However, no significant influence had been detected for soil dispersion rate on depth, sectional area and density of gullies on LCTSs; 4) Width and density of gullies were mainly controlled by non-capillary porosity, and soil dispersion rate had more strong effect on lacerate-degree of gullies than other soil properties, while soil physicochemical properties and mechanical properties only had very slightly effect on the depth and sectional area of gullies on LCTSs. According to the above-mentioned analysis, it can be found that the impact manner and degree of soil properties on different morphological characteristics of gullies on LCTSs were very different, and different soil properties also had differential contribution in the development processes of gullies on LCTSs.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Curve fitting - Density (specific gravity) - Dispersions - Erosion - Internal friction - Mechanical properties - Porosity - Shear strength - Soils  - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Differential contribution - Dry-hot valleys - Gully erosion - Internal friction angle - Laboratory measurements - Land consolidations - Morphological characteristic - Soil physico-chemical properties
Classification code:481.1  Geology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20182405309253
Title:Prediction of water temperature regulation for spawning sites at downstream of hydropower station by artificial neural network method
Authors:Liu, Haitao (1); Sun, Shuangke (1); Zheng, Tiegang (1); Li, Guangning (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:185-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, the water temperature regulation were carried out through the selective intake facilities in Fengman Hydropower station to improve the downstream living environment. The power plant released flow first reaches Jilin hydrologic station at 20 km downstream, and then through the 160 km long reach, arrive at the Songhuajiang hydrologic station, where there are a series of spawning sites of black carp, grass carp, silver carp, etc. The field data analysis showed that, there was a strong correlation between the water temperature of the power plant and Jilin Station, so the empirical relationship has been established based on the statistical analysis of the measured data in earlier research. However, there was obvious difference and poor correlation between the water temperature of Jilin Station and Songhuajiang station. The main reason was that the heat exchange between the channel water and the surrounding environment led to a significant change in water temperature. Firstly, by analyzing the correlation coefficients between all the hydrological and meteorological factors with the water temperature of Songhuajiang station, the six external influence factors were identified, including the flow and water temperature of Jilin Station, and the air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration of Changchun meteorological station. Then, based on the field data, the water temperature prediction model of Songhuajiang station was established by using a RBF (radial basis function) neural network, which can automatically select the sample vectors with maximum error as a new neuron until to finally reach the required precision. It took about 2 days to flow from Jilin to Songhuajiang station, so the model predictors had temporal and spatial attributes. The flow and water temperature of Jilin station should be the values of the first day, the climate conditions of Changchun station were of the next day, and the water temperature of Songhuajiang station was of the third day. Therefore the neural network model actually reflected a heat exchange process within two days. According to the medium or long term weather forecast data and power station discharge plan, the neural network model can be used to predict the time course of the water temperature at the spawning sites by using the above two day recursive method. The model was trained by the field data in 2006 - 2013, and to predict the temperature time course in 2014, the time variation of the calculated and measured water temperatures were in good agreement, the average deviation was 0.51&#8451;, and the correlation coefficient was 0.992. In May 2010 to August, for example, the average temperature increased from Jilin to Songhuajiang station was 4.6&#8451;. When the released water temperature upstream rose 3.2&#8451; by regulation, because of the decrease of the heat exchange between the channel water and the surrounding environment, the temperature increased between the two stations dropped 3.3&#8451;. It was proved that this model can better reflect the influence of heat exchange along the river on the water temperature of downstream spawning field. During the water temperature regulation, the water temperature at spawning sites will be predicted, and the releasing discharge of power plant is adjusted properly, to provide suitable spawning conditions.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Atmospheric temperature - Fish - Heat exchangers - Hydroelectric power - Hydroelectric power plants - Hydrology - Models - Neural networks - Radial basis function networks  - Temperature control - Weather forecasting - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial neural network methods - Correlation coefficient - Ecological operation - Hydropower stations - RBF(radial basis function) - Spawning sites - Surrounding environment - Water temperatures
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 611.1  Hydroelectric Power Plants - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 731.3  Specific Variables Control
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.60e+05m, Size 2.00e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20182405309242
Title:Self-balancing performance and simulation analysis of multi-group vibrating sholvels of oscillatory subsoiler
Authors:Sun, Yapeng (1); Dong, Xiangqian (1); Song, Jiannong (1); Wang, Jicheng (1); Liu, Cailing (1); Xu, Guanghao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant Systematic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Song, Jiannong(songjn@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:92-99
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Oscillation tillage could reduce the drag resistance and power consumption during tillage. But the oscillation has a bad effect on tractor driver. In order to do vibration analysis, a four-tine oscillatory subsoiler and a tractor model were designed using 3D modeling software in this study. In the process of oscillation tillage, the tillage forces and inertia force were unbalanced, these force transferred to the tractor and driver, and negatively impact them to some extent. These vibrations prevent the spreading use of oscillatory subsoiler. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a vibration optimization test. The simulation optimization test could avoid the real car test in the dangerous working environment. A simulation model of the tractor-subsoiler system was established based on ADAMS. The modeling process had four parts, including introduction of 3D model, adding constraints, loading, defining the contact force and friction between tire and ground. During the contact force definition part, on the basis of the wheel damping coefficient-cut depth curve and the adhesion coefficient-slip rate curve of a running tractor, the contact force and friction force between tire and soil was defined by using the STEP function. This could improve the accuracy of the simulation model. During the contact force definition part, related research had shown that the maximum draft occurred during the period tine had their top face active (cutting) and the minimum draft occurred during the period tine had their underside active (backward). The statistical results showed that a sinusoidal force relationship was between these two peaks. In order to get the actual draft force of the tine during oscillation tillage, a single group tine oscillation tillage test was carried out in the soil bin, and the single tine draft force curve was obtained using statistical software. After that, the optimization tests were started. During the tests, the experimental index was the vibrations at the tractor driver's seat. The working parameters to be considered were each tine's initial phase angle of oscillation. The tests result showed that the theoretical and simulation analysis verifies each other. The mean value of the supporting force in the rear wheel of the tractor was 27.8 kN, 26.4 kN, respectively, the error was 1.4kN, and the tendency of the main vibration curve was consistent. The optimization goal was to reduce the root mean square of weighed acceleration on the tractor seat. According to the evaluation index of whole body vibration of agricultural wheeled tractor driver (GB/T13876-2007), the influence of vibration on the driver was evaluated by using the mean square root of weighted acceleration. By using the power spectral density function in MATLAB, the mean square root of the total weighted acceleration of the driving seat was calculated. Related research showed that the relative changes of the initial phase angle of the various groups affected the vibration size of the seat. During the test of four-group vibrating shovels of oscillatory subsoiler, we fixed one of the break shovel initial phase angle of 0&deg;. The other three groups break shovel initial phase angle range of 0-360&deg;. The relative changes of multi-group vibrating shovels' initial phase angle can influence seat's vibration. The test for three factors can be used to consider the influence of four-group initial phase angles. As such, the test could reduce the test factors and test times. Using optimal design in Design-Expert software, the quartic order regression model was founded. According to the regression analysis, the variance analysis was obtained, and the R-squared, Adj R-squared, Pred R-squared were 0.8948, 0.8411, and 0.765, respectively, and the regression model was good. Six groups for the optimal solution of initial phase angle combination were obtained by using the regression model. Compared with the un-optimized combination, the vibration reduction ratio was over 90%, and the self-balance of the oscillatory subsoiler was realized.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Computer simulation - Friction - MATLAB - Optimal systems - Regression analysis - Shovels - Software testing - Spectral density  - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:ADAMS - Optimized combinations - Self-balancing - Simulation optimization - Subsoiling - Vibration optimization - Vibrations - Weighted acceleration
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.40e+03N, Force 2.64e+04N, Force 2.78e+04N, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20182405309235
Title:Optimization of tuber lifting velocity of cassava harvester based on improved spider clustering algorithm
Authors:Yang, Wang (1); Li, Yang (1); Zheng, Xian (1); Chen, Keyu (2); Yang, Jian (1); Mo, Jianlin (3); Sui, Mingjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (2) Center of Engineering Training and Practice, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (3) Guangxi Research Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Nanning; 530007, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Jian(yangokok@gxu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:29-36
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:When the cassava tubers are lifted up by the dig-pull cassava tuber harvester, the harvester has low power consumption and a high adaptability to the soil. However, the control precision of the lifting velocity of cassava tuber is low, thus, the broken and loss rate of the cassava tubers are larger in the cassava tuber harvesting. And the control precision of the control system of the tuber lifting velocity mainly depends on the quality of control system's control parameters. Whether the optimal control parameters could be obtained by the optimization algorithm of the control system's control parameters determines the quality of the parameters. Therefore, the optimization algorithm of the control parameters of the lifting velocity control system of the cassava tuber lifting mechanism is studied using the advanced method and technology which has important significance to improve the control precision of the cassava tuber lifting velocity and the harvesting quality of the cassava tubers. The broken and loss rate of the cassava tubers are larger in the cassava tuber harvesting when the control precision of the tuber lifting velocity of the dig-pull cassava harvester is low. Firstly, the co-simulation model of the control system of the tuber lifting mechanism of the dig-pull type cassava tuber harvester was established. The fuzzy PI algorithm was used as the control algorithm of the mechanically optimal tuber lifting velocity of the tuber lifting mechanism. The multi-domain dynamics simulation technology was also used in the co-simulation model. The mechanically optimal lifting velocity model of the cassava tuber was obtained using the cassava tuber lifting tests of the experienced farmers and the optimized velocity model of manually pulling tubers as well as the numerical simulation tests. The mechanically optimal lifting velocity model of the cassava tuber was used as the control target, and meanwhile, the constant cassava tuber lifting force, the cassava tuber lifting force in the soft soil as well as the cassava tuber lifting force in the hard soil, respectively, were used as the condition. The study of the spider clustering algorithm combined with the local search operator was carried out. Then, using a combination of local search operator and spider cluster algorithm, the control parameters of the cassava tuber lifting mechanism system were optimized by iterative optimization. In addition, the common test function was used to verify the convergence and search accuracy of the spider cluster algorithm combined with local search operator. Finally, the cassava tuber lifting test verification was carried out in the field. The error analysis of the verification test was carried out by means of the mean error and the maximum error. The results show that the spider cluster algorithm combined with local search operator which can avoid getting into the local optimal solution in the iterative process, has faster convergence speed and higher search accuracy than the spider clustering algorithm. The spider clustering algorithm combined with the local search operator is suitable for solving the extremum problems of high-dimensional complex function. The optimization result of the Fuzzy PI control system's control parameters: K<inf>p</inf>and K<inf>i</inf>are 0.841 and 0.203 9, respectively. Using the optimized control parameter, the actual lifting speeds of the cassava tuber can follow mechanically optimal lifting velocity model. And the dynamic performance is great. The average relative error between the actual vertical lifting speed of the cassava tuber and mechanically optimal lifting velocity of the cassava tuber is 4.5%. The maximum error is 6.7%. The average relative error between actual slide displacement and the theoretical value is 3.7%. The maximum error is 5.4%. The spider clustering algorithm combined with local search operator can be used in controlling the cassava tuber lifting process of the dig-pull type cassava tuber harvester. The control precision of the tuber lifting velocity has high precision.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Clustering algorithms
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Control engineering - Errors - Harvesters - Harvesting - Iterative methods - Local search (optimization) - Mechanization - Parameter estimation - Plants (botany)  - Quality control - Soils - Tubes (components) - Two term control systems - Velocity - Water craft
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Co-simulations - Iterative Optimization - Lifting mechanisms - Local optimal solution - Local search operators - Low-power consumption - Optimization algorithms
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 674.1  Small Marine Craft - 731.1  Control Systems - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 4.50e+00%, Percentage 5.40e+00%, Percentage 6.70e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20182405309233
Title:Quantification of ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei based on carbon footprint calculated using emission factor method proposed by IPCC
Authors:Yan, Feng (1); Wang, Yang (1); Du, Zhe (1); Chen, Ying (1); Chen, Yaheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural University of Hebei, School of Land and Resources, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Yaheng(chenyaheng@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:15-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China has paid more and more attention to the construction of the ecological civilization society. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is a significant ecological and economic circle, so the construction of appropriate quantitative standards for ecological compensation is closely related to the healthy development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The carbon footprint of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2006 to 2015 was calculated using the emission factor method proposed by IPCC. Results showed a two-stage trend of carbon footprint of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during those 10 years. There was a rapid increase with annual growth rate at about 8.5% from 2006 to 2013, then it maintained in the level after 2013. The carbon footprint of Hebei province was far greater than the other two cities, and even it had the difference in magnitude. Based on carbon sequestration capacity of forest, grassland and cropland, carbon bearing capacity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2006 to 2015 was estimated. The results showed that carbon bearing capacity significantly increased in 2009, and then it maintained in the level despite of a slight increase. The carbon bearing capacity of Hebei province was much stronger than that of Beijing and Tianjin, which was nearly 8 times of the sum of Beijing and Tianjin in 2015, and that was accordance with the carbon footprint trend. Hebei province had a large amount of carbon emission, but also had large carbon bearing capacity. The carbon deficit of Tianjin and Hebei was highest in 2013, with 251.6 million ton and 946.5 million ton respectively. The extreme point of carbon deficit in Beijing appeared in 2010, which reached 179.4 million ton. Horizontal comparison found that carbon budget of Hebei is much higher than the others, about 4 times of Tianjin and 5 times of Beijing in 2013, due to the huge energy consumption. By introducing the concept of sensitivity of carbon deficit, its ecological effects in different regions with various populations and areas were compared. Ecological compensation factors were further proposed to determine quantitative standards of ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Results showed that Hebei and Beijing belong to the compensation receptor absolutely among these 3 regions, Tianjin was the absolute subject of compensation, Tianjin should pay compensation to the others at 12.6-15.2 billion yuan before 2009, and then surged to 20 billion yuan after 2010 with the growth rate of 42.9%. Hebei was obtained ecological compensation from Tianjin city in 2006-2015, the amount was increased from 11.3 billion yuan to 15.5 billion yuan, of which the extreme point appeared in 2012 (16.1 billion yuan). Beijing's deserved compensation from Tianjin in 2006-2015 was no more than 6.2 billion yuan, of which the extreme point occurred in 2008, only 1 billion 230 million yuan. A particular quantifiable evaluation model is put forward in this study, and this research could provide results to support the establishment and improvement of apropriate mechanism of ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Carbon footprint
Controlled terms:Bearing capacity - Budget control - Carbon - Ecology - Emission control - Energy utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Beijing-tianjin-hebei regions - Carbon bearing - Carbon sequestration - Ecological and economic - Ecological compensation - Evaluation modeling - Quantitative standards - Tianjin
Classification code:451.2  Air Pollution Control - 454  Environmental Engineering - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 804  Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Percentage 4.29e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20182405309262
Title:Design and experiment of variable volume plastic biogas digester for rural households
Authors:Ma, Xiaosong (1); Xing, Youdong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin; 541004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:255-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems of the traditional form of rural household biogas digesters such as long construction cycle, short life, poor sealing, integrated production prices, and hard transportation, in this study we combined with the existing technology and technologic design to build a variable volume of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic biogas digesters. The cell body from the PVC veneer and the support were made through the silicone rubber paste in accordance with the processing of a good groove bonding. Silicone rubber has good adhesion and waterproof sealing. The presence of the groove can provide a certain degree of reference, but also increase the bond strength and sealing. The tank body structure was simple, easy to assemble, and the assembly cycle was 1-2 days. Veneer can be stacked transport to save the overall delivery of high freight and inconvenience. Without increasing the design, processing requirements, users can easily expand the volume based on their requirement, the volume of the pool can be variable in the 3-20 m³. Design and processing of biogas digesters mainly consisted of four parts, the left pool body, from which its main role was to feed, the middle pool body, which mainly played a connection role and the use of Sheng satisfied biogas, right pool body, the main role of which was to discharge biogas slurry, and the pressure chamber, mainly used to contain excess liquid and to ensure the pressure inside the pool body. The tank body was easy to feed, the slag was more convenient according to the pressure difference effect. The pressure of soil layer was 1 800 N. When the gas pool was in work situation, it also would be affected by lateral soil load and biogas slurry pressure and the pressure of the gas. The 9 m³cell structure designed by finite element verification was able to withstand the soil pressure and the external force. To the biogas digesters filled with sufficient water and gas, the barometer and scale were used to check the pool of internal pressure and water. Verification of adhesive and groove assembly structure was conducted in the 24 h experiment to test water and gas leakage. The gas pressure inside the cell body decreased from 10 kPa to 9.88 kPa, and the leakage rate of the cell body was 1.2%. For pool body leakage steam was less than 2% of national standard, so the structure can ensure the sealing performance of the pool. The cell body was measured at room temperature for 1 month of production at room temperature and 90% of the volume of the container. The results showed that the daily production of gas up to 1.380 m³, the effective pool volume gas production rate of 0.22 m³/(m³&middot;d), gas production to meet a 3-5 mouth of life gas demand. The water temperature aging experiment was made for the pool parts under 70, 80, 90&#8451;. With the cell body strength decreased by 50% as the standard, through the Allenitz formula extrapolation pool body in the flooding environment operating temperature of 30&#8451; service life. The results showed that the whole cell body under normal conditions of use, the cell life can up to 20.9 years.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Cells
Controlled terms:Biogas - Bonding - Chlorine compounds - Cytology - Design - Elastomers - Gases - Lakes - Plastics - Polyvinyl chlorides  - Pulp digesters - Rubber - Rural areas - Silicones - Slags - Soil testing - Soils - Tanks (containers) - Temperature - Veneers
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas digesters - Finite element verification - Integrated production - Operating temperature - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - Pressure differences - Rural household biogas - Variable volume
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 522  Gas Fuels - 619.2  Tanks - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 811.1.2  Papermaking Equipment - 811.2  Wood and Wood Products - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 817.1  Polymer Products - 818.1  Natural Rubber - 818.2  Elastomers
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.09e+01yr, Age 2.74e-03yr to 5.48e-03yr, Age 8.33e-02yr, Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+04Pa to 9.88e+03Pa, Time 8.64e+04s, Volume 1.38e+00m3, Volume 3.00e+00m3 to 2.00e+01m3, Volume 9.00e+00m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20182405309232
Title:Temporal and spatial distribution of nutrient resource from livestock and poultry feces and its returning to cropland
Authors:Liu, Xiaoyong (1); Li, Shutian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Beijing Office, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shutian(lishutian@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent decades, China's livestock and poultry industry developed rapidly, producing plentiful of livestock and poultry manure and urine. But their quantity, nutrient content, rate of returning to cropland in different regions, and the changes of quantity over time have not been fully understood. In this paper, based on official statistical data and literature reviews, we estimated the quantity of animal feces, nutrient resources and their rate of returning to cropland at provincial level in various time slots. Results showed that, in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, the amount of animal feces (fresh) in China was 27.62&times;10⁸, 39.11&times;10⁸, 44.59&times;10⁸and 42.34&times;10⁸metric tons, respectively, increased by 53.32% in 30 years. The total nutrient N, P and K resources of animal feces in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s were 2 523.86&times;10⁴t (N 1 249.47&times;10⁴t, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>230.64&times;10⁴t, K<inf>2</inf>O 1 043.75&times;10⁴t), 3 686.59&times;10⁴t (N 1 820.79&times;10⁴t, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>327.13&times;10⁴t, K<inf>2</inf>O 1 538.67&times;10⁴t), 4 296.77&times;10⁴t (N 2 124.13&times;10⁴t, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>401.29&times;10⁴t, K<inf>2</inf>O 1 771.35&times;10⁴t) and 4 089.40&times;10⁴t (N 2 017.66&times;10⁴t, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>421.17&times;10⁴t, K<inf>2</inf>O 1 650.57&times;10⁴t), increased by 62.03% in 30 years and Northeast China had the greatest increase. About 40% of China total amount of animal feces and the corresponding nutrients was derived from Henan, Sichuan, Shandong, Hunan, Yunnan and Inner Mongolia. The ratio of specific animal feces and nutrients in China was in the sequence of cow &gt; pig &gt; sheep &gt; poultry &gt; horse &gt; donkey &gt; mule, but varied in different regions. Northwest China, Southwest China and Northeast China had the higher proportions of cow feces and the corresponding nutrients, the Middle Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River had the highest proportion of pig feces and the corresponding nutrients, the Northwest China had the highest proportion of sheep feces and the corresponding nutrients, the Southeast China had the highest proportion of poultry feces and the corresponding nutrients. The ratios of feces and the corresponding nutrient quantity from horse, donkey and mule were relatively small in various regions. In 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s the total amount of nutrient N, P and K returning to cropland reached 1 132.73&times;10⁴, 821.36&times;10⁴, 1 860.52&times;10⁴and 1 709.19&times;10⁴t, respectively, accounting for 44.88%, 22.28%, 43.30% and 41.80% of total resources, respectively. About 50% of the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient returning to cropland from animal feces was occurred in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guangxi. By 2010s, N, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>, K<inf>2</inf>O from animal feces returned to cropland was 615.91&times;10⁴, 297.70&times;10⁴and 795.58&times;10⁴t, accounting for 30.53%, 70.68% and 48.20% of the total quantity, respectively. This investigation can provide scientific basis and reference for the rational utilization of nutrient resources from animal feces and nutrient management under zero growth of chemical fertilizer in different provinces or regions in China.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:84
Main heading:Nutrients
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Body fluids - Fertilizers - Manures - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Literature reviews - Nutrient contents - Nutrient management - Scientific basis - Statistical datas - Temporal and spatial distribution - Urine
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr, Percentage 2.23e+01%, Percentage 3.05e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.18e+01%, Percentage 4.33e+01%, Percentage 4.49e+01%, Percentage 4.82e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.33e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+01%, Percentage 7.07e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20182405309264
Title:Land use internal structure classification of rural settlements based on land use function
Authors:Ma, Wenqiu (1, 2); He, Xin (1, 2); Jiang, Guanghui (1, 2); Li, Yuling (1, 2); Zhang, Ruijuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Guanghui(macrophage@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:269-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Different land use types are mixed with each other inside the rural settlements. They are in spontaneous, loose and chaotic development situations. It is common condition for extensive and inefficient land use. Through the research of internal function structure of rural settlements, we can identify the existing problems to provide guidance for the quantitative and spatial arrangement of different land use types, thus enhancing land use efficiency to achieve the optimal goal. The paper established the land use internal structure classification system of rural settlements from the perspective of function. We tried to master the internal land use structure of rural settlements in a microcosmic perspective. Following the principles to show the rural land characteristics, so as to provide guidance for land management and reflect social-economic development, we divided the internal land use structure into production function land, living function land, ecological function land and potential function land. Production function land was divided according to industrial types. Living function land was divided according to residents' demand. Ecological function land was divided according to ecological service types. Potential function land was divided according to the consolidation costs. Eventually, the land use classification system consisted of 4 classes, 10 secondary classes and 37 tertiary classes. It could satisfy the research needs of small scale and high precision. Based on the established classification system, we investigated the rural settlement of Daxingzhuang Village, Pinggu district, Beijing City through field survey and participatory evaluation method, acquiring its internal land use structure. After the comparative analysis between land use functional structure classification of rural settlement and current land use classification (GB/T 21010-2007), we found that there is a significant differentiation between the 2 classification systems: 14 land use types in current land use classification and 28 land use types in land use functional structure classification of rural settlement. Land use functional structure classification of rural settlement in this paper refined the current land use classification. It put more focus on the actual land use condition, and weakened the ownership property of internal land use types, such as urban land, rural settlement land and independent industrial and mining land. This classification system has achieved the purpose of accurately characterizing rural settlement land with fewer land use types, and highlighting the dominant functions of various land use types. The comparison results showed that living function land accounted for a relatively stable proportion and formed the basic structure of rural settlements. However, the sub-classification of housing land, such as the idle housing land, could provide foundation for internal land use potential development, which could promote the improvement of rural settlement land use efficiency and the land use standard measurement. Besides, land use functional structure classification of rural settlement could also calculate the multi functions of rural settlements. The production function land in Daxingzhuang Village accounted for 34.73%, the living function land 53.53%, the ecological function land 4.06%, and the potential function land 7.68%. It could not only satisfy the demands of peasant, but also propel the rural settlement land consolidation, thereby promoting the internal land use investigation, planning and management, and the coordinated development between urban and rural areas.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Ecology - Economics - Efficiency - Housing - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Classification system - Internal structure - Multi-functions - Rural regions - Rural settlement
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1  Urban Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 913.1  Production Engineering - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 4.06e+00%, Percentage 5.35e+01%, Percentage 7.68e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20182405309252
Title:Effect of mineral admixture on chemical shrinkage and spectral properties of cement-based materials
Authors:Wu, Fufei (1); Dong, Shuangkuai (1); Zhao, Zhenhua (1); Wu, Fayin (1); Chen, Rongfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550025, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:177-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chemical shrinkage of cement paste could result in the crack of concrete, which affects the volume stability and durability of concrete. In order to reduce the shrinkage performance of concrete, this paper discusses the effect of common mineral admixture (lithium slag, fly ash, steel slag) on the chemical shrinkage and the spectral characteristics of cement paste, and analyzes the correlation between the chemical shrinkage of cement paste and the functional groups in cement paste. The results are as follows: The chemical shrinkage of pure cement paste and cement paste containing mineral admixtures (lithium slag, fly ash, steel slag) can be roughly divided into 3 stages, namely the acceleration phase (within 100 h), slow phase ( in 100-700 h), and flat stage (after 700 h). When the ratio of water-binder is 0.40 and the admixture dosage is 20% for 3 kinds of admixture, the chemical shrinkages of cement-lithium slag, cement-fly ash and cement-steel slag paste are 81.2%, 97.2% and 91.0%, respectively, and they are reduced by 1.9%, 1.8% and5.0% when admixture content increases from 20% to 60%, respectively. The chemical shrinkages of cement, cement-lithium slag, cement-fly ash and cement-steel slag paste are 24.4%, 32.3%, 26.8% and 29.7% respectively when the ratio of water-binder reduces from 0.40 to 0.30 and the admixture content is 20%. The chemical shrinkage of 4 kinds of paste can be fitted with hyperbolic model, and the correlation coefficients are above 0.98. So, hyperbolic model can be used to predict the final chemical shrinkage of cement paste, but the hydration coefficient value can be chosen according to the ratio of water-binder, and kind and dosage of admixture. The chemical shrinkage and hydration heat are lowered when cement is replaced by the same quality lithium slag, fly ash or steel slag, and the chemical shrinkage of cement-fly ash paste is the biggest, followed by the chemical shrinkage of cement-steel slag paste, and the chemical shrinkage of cement-lithium slag paste is the minimal, which is lower than that of pure cement paste. In addition, water-binder ratio also affects the chemical shrinkage of cement paste and the effect of water-binder ratio is higher than lithium slag, fly ash and steel slag. The spectral characteristic of cement paste is affected by mineral admixture type, dosage of mineral admixture and water-binder ratio, but their influence is not the same, mainly due to the different chemical composition in lithium slag, fly ash and steel slag. The main characteristic peaks of pure cement paste and cement paste containing mineral admixtures (lithium slag, fly ash, steel slag) are 3 647, 2 937, 3 451, 1 651, 2 361, 1 124, 1 418, 451 and 978 cm^-1. Through the analysis of the general linear single variable model in SPSS 20.0 statistical software, it is found that the chemical shrinkage of cement paste can be affected by functional groups in the cement paste, and the effect is bigger when the wave number is 1 124, 1 418, 3 451, 3 647 and 978 cm^-1. Through the study, it is found that after the same quality mineral admixture (lithium slag, fly ash, steel slag) is used to replace cement, the chemical shrinkage of cement paste can be effectively reduced, and the spectral properties of cement paste can be changed. Therefore, the mineral admixture can be chosen according to the situation of the mineral admixture in actual engineering, so as to enhance the volume stability and durability of cement concrete with mineral admixture (lithium slag, fly ash, steel slag).<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Shrinkage
Controlled terms:Binders - Cements - Chemical analysis - Chemical stability - Concretes - Durability - Fly ash - Hydration - Lithium - Materials  - Minerals - Slags
Uncontrolled terms:Admixtures - Cement based material - Chemical compositions - Chemical shrinkage - Correlation coefficient - Durability of concretes - Spectral characteristics - Water binder ratio
Classification code:412  Concrete - 412.1  Cement - 482.2  Minerals - 542.4  Lithium and Alloys - 801  Chemistry - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.90e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 2.44e+01%, Percentage 2.68e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 3.23e+01%, Percentage 8.12e+01%, Percentage 9.10e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Time 2.52e+06s, Time 3.60e+05s to 2.52e+06s, Time 3.60e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20182405309234
Title:Development of corn combine harvester reaping both corn ear and stalk for whole plastic film mulching on double ridges
Authors:Xin, Shanglong (1); Zhao, Wuyun (1); Dai, Fei (1); Shi, Linrong (1); Ma, Mingyi (2); Zhao, Xinping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Gansu Tao River Tractor Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Dingxi; 730500, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Wuyun(zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:21-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Corn is one of the main grain crops in China, and it is also an important part of farmers' income source. In recent years, in order to achieve the goal of increasing agricultural maize income, corn planting areas in the middle east of Gansu have used a technology called the double-furrow sowing with whole plastic film against the drought, and it provides an effective technical approach for a steady increase in the yield of maize in arid regions. According to statistics, by the end of 2013, the rate of corn mechanical harvest was 49%, and till 2016, the rate of corn mechanical harvest reached 63% in China. On the whole, the corn mechanization level in China has been greatly improved, but the harvest of maize in Gansu Province is mainly based on artificial harvesting, and mechanized harvest has lagged behind the national average level. Except some small plots that can not use combine harvester, plastic film has become one of the main reasons limiting the application of corn combined operation machinery. If we continue to use the machine with horizontal roller commonly used in China at present for harvesting, then after stripping the collection process of corn stalk can not be completed. Therefore, the ordinary type of corn combine harvester with horizontal roller is not suitable for agricultural production in arid regions. To adapt to the cropping patterns of the whole plastic film and double-furrow sowing in arid regions, and solve the problem that the corn plant can not be fed continuously into the header of the harvester during the harvesting process, as well as the high loss rate issue of traditional corn harvester, a kind of self-propelled corn combine harvester for harvesting ear and stalk was designed in this paper. This machine cut 2 rows at one time, and used the vertical snapping rolls to grab the corn ear from the corn stalk, and the corn ear was delivered at the middle of the cutting platform; behind the vertical snapping rolls there was a shredding device, and the corn stalk chopped by the shredding device was conveyed by the conveyer on the side of the combine harvester. This arrangement on the cutting header realized whole plastic film mulching on double ridges for two-row cutting and reaping both corn ear and stalk for corn combine harvester, and grain loss was reduced. Because of the existence of plastic film, the corn stalk after picking could not be smashed and returned to the field with corn stubble. However, the vertical snapping rolls could solve this kind of defect. When the vertical snapping rolls worked, the stalk was output from the vertical snapping rolls, so it was suitable to recycle the stalk. Compared with the horizontal snapping rolls, the vertical snapping rolls can reduce the weight of the cutting platform and shorten the length of the machine. At the same time, the turning radius is reduced correspondingly, the turning is more flexible, and the machine can walk better on the double ridges. In addition, the gripping delivery mechanism adopts a holding and convey chain on one side, and the other side is an eccentric elastic tooth type shifting wheel, so the weight of the cutting platform is further reduced. And the machine can complete the function of corn ear's picking, conveying, peeling and collecting at one time, as well as the stalks cutting, kneading, chopping, throwing and collecting. The field experimental results showed that the grain loss rate was 1.8%, the ear loss rate was 2.4%, the grain damage rate was 0.77%, the qualified rate of cutting corn stalk was 92.6%, and the husking rate of corn was 95.1%, when the machine speed was 4.5 km/h, the speed of vertical snapping rolls was 1 100 r/min, and the speed of shredding device was 1 584 r/min. And the experimental results meet the design requirements of combined operation machine.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Arid regions - Conveying - Crops - Design - Harvesters - Harvesting - Machine design - Plants (botany) - Plastic films
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Combine harvesters - Combined operations - Corn - Delivery mechanism - Mechanical harvest - Plastic film mulching - Reaping both corn ear and stalk
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 444  Water Resources - 601  Mechanical Design - 692.1  Conveyors - 817.1  Polymer Products - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e+00%, Percentage 2.40e+00%, Percentage 4.90e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 7.70e-01%, Percentage 9.26e+01%, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.10e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.58e+03RPM, Velocity 1.25e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20182405309269
Title:Preparation characterization and bacteriostatic properties of punicalagin reducing chitosan/nano silver sol
Authors:Xue, Haiyan (1); Zhang, Ying (1); Zhang, Baoyan (1); Xue, Lihuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science &amp; Technology, Xi'an; 710021, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:306-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chitosan is the only natural cation polysaccharides derived from shrimp and crab shell, which displays some bioactive functions and antibacterial properties with a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. Here, we investigated in situ synthesis of nano-silver particles to enhance the antibacterial properties of chitosan. The chitosan/nano-silver particles (CS/AgNPs) sol was prepared by reducing silver nitrate in situ synthesis within chitosan using punicalagin as a green reducing agent, and then its antibacterial properties and mechanism were investigated. The preparation of CS/AgNPs sol was optimized by single factor experiments. The effects of the preparation conditions pH, temperature and reaction time, with concentration of chitosan, silver nitrate and punicalagin solution were evaluated by characteristic ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry of nano-silver particles. The existence AgNPs in CS/AgNPs sol was confirmed by UV-visible spectra, Turbiscan Lab, XRD diffraction patterns and TEM images. The optimal conditions to prepare CS/AgNPs sol were found as follows. Every 100 mL of chitosan at pH value 5 in concentration of 0.5% - 1% blended well with 250 mL of silver nitrate in concentration of 0.6 mol/L, and then chelated for 30 min at room temperature. The silver nitrate in this mixture was reduced by adding 800 &mu;L of punicalagin solution in concentration of 1%, bathing at 25&#8451; and stirring for 6 h. Consequently, a kind of stable CS/AgNPs sol with high content of AgNPs was produced. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the AgNPs nanoparticles were between 8 and 11 nm in diameter dispersed uniformly in the sol. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that AgNPs formed in a type of face-centered cubic structure reflected by the enhanced diffraction intensity of Ag. And the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that -NH2 groups of chitosan chelated with Ag⁺in the CS/AgNPs. We used methods of disc agar diffusion and liquid medium dilution to study the bacteriostasis. For disc agar diffusion, the experiment was modified that the filters would be replaced by the fabric, so as to improve the diffusion ability of chitosan in agar. The results indicated that the CS/AgNPs sol could inhibit the two typical species of bacteria (E.coli and S.aureus) which caused infection. The inhibition zone of the S.aureus was 5.5 mm, slightly higher than the inhibition zone of the E.coli, when soaked in the fabric. The inhibitory rate of CS/AgNPs sol on E. coli and S. aureus was 95.5% and 97.6% after a 24 h-incubation respectively. The antibacterial effect of CS/AgNPs sol was tested by the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The results showed that the MIC for both E.coli and S.aureus were 0.096 &mu;L/mL detected by resazurin test for the CS/AgNPs sol taking punicalagin as the reducing agent, which was moderately better than that taking sodium borohydride as the reducing agent from which the MIC for both E.coli and S.aureus were 0.19 &mu;L/mL by resazurin test. The bacteriostatic mechanism of this kind of composites was explored. The SEM scanning and cell contents leakage experiments of the cultures after a 24 h-incubation showed that the CS/AgNPs sol can adsorb to bacterial cells, disrupted the cell membrane, and increased the cell permeability and then inhibited the cell growth. The CS/AgNPs sol prepared by the green reducing reagent punicalagin showed a good performance on technical parameters and bacteriostatic. This article provides a theoretical basis for the application in the future, which could be used in food preservative or as the medical material.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Silver compounds
Controlled terms:Algae - Cells - Chelation - Chitosan - Cytology - Diffusion - Escherichia coli - Food preservatives - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - High resolution transmission electron microscopy  - Light polarization - Microwave integrated circuits - Nanocomposites - Nitrates - Optimization - Polysaccharides - Reducing agents - Shellfish - Sodium Borohydride - Solid solutions  - Sols - Sterilization (cleaning) - Transmission electron microscopy - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Antibacterial properties - Bacteriostatic properties - Face centered cubic structure - Minimum inhibitory concentration - Nanoscale silver - Punicalagin - Single-factor experiments - Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9  Biology - 714.2  Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1  Light/Optics - 741.3  Optical Devices and Systems - 801  Chemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 933  Solid State Physics
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 6.00e+02mol/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01% to 1.00e+00%, Percentage 9.55e+01%, Percentage 9.76e+01%, Size 5.50e-03m, Size 8.00e-09m to 1.10e-08m, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 2.16e+04s, Volume 1.00e-04m3, Volume 2.50e-04m3, Volume 8.00e-07m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20182405309248
Title:Remote sensing inversion model of soil organic matter in farmland by introducing temporal information
Authors:Zhang, Xinle (1); Dou, Xin (1); Xie, Yahui (1); Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Wang, Nan (1); Wang, Xiang (1); Pan, Yue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130102, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Huanjun(liuhuanjun@neigae.ac.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:143-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important index to evaluate soil quality. The monitoring of SOM content and its spatial distribution is of great significance to soil utilization, soil conservation, estimation of soil organic carbon pool, and so on. It is difficult to estimate the reserves of soil organic carbon pool by using traditional methods. Early studies showed that there was a significant negative correlation between SOM and soil spectral reflectance, and there was a quantitative relationship between SOM and soil organic carbon, so we can estimate the SOM content by remote sensing and it will provide help to estimate the soil organic carbon pool. In this paper, 4 main soil types (black soil, chernozem soil, meadow soil and aeolian sand) were collected as sampling points in the typical area of Songnen Plain to construct prediction model for estimating the SOM content in the study area. The number of the soil sampling points was 147. Half of the sampling points (74 samples) were used to serve as calibration set and other sampling points (73 samples) were used to serve as validation set. The remote sensing inversion model was established to reveal the spatial distribution of SOM in the study area. To improve the accuracy and stability of inversion model and find the optimal model, spectral indices based on single MODIS image or multi MODIS images during the bare soil period, which could contain temporal information of the variation of soil moisture content and SOM content, were introduced into the multiple linear regression model. The results showed that the 8-day data of surface reflectance (MOD09A1 and MYD09A1) could be used to estimate the SOM content of different types of soils in Songnen Pain, Northeast China. The primary input variable of the model changed regularly, because the bare soil condition changed with the variation of date. Furthermore, because the condition of bare soil was the optimal, the prediction model based on the MODIS image on the 137th day in the year was the best among the models based on single MODIS image. The ratio of spectral index R61 (the ratio of Band 6 to Band 1) is significantly related to SOM, but it has little correlation with soil moisture, so it can eliminate the influence of soil moisture to a certain degree. R<inf>61</inf>is suitable as a primary input variable for the inversion model to estimate SOM by using remote sensing method. The accuracy and stability of models based on multi MODIS images were generally better than the models based on single MODIS image. The model based on multi MODIS images on the 137th and 105th day in the year is the best among all models, and its R²is 0.68, and its RMSE (root mean square error) is 0.84 for calibration set and 0.84 for validation set. The SOM content in Songnen Plain showed a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest. This study provides a rapid and nondestructive method to estimate SOM content in a large scale. Moreover, the results of remote sensing inversion give supports for soil degradation assessment, land use, and estimation of soil carbon pool.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Calibration - Image enhancement - Lakes - Land use - Landforms - Linear regression - Mean square error - Models  - Optical waveguides - Organic carbon - Radiometers - Reflection - Remote sensing - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:MODIS - Multiple linear regression models - RMSE (root mean square error) - Soil organic carbon pools - Soil spectral reflectance - Songnen plain - Spectral indices - Temporal information
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1  Geology - 481.2  Geochemistry - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 714.3  Waveguides - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.19e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20182405309257
Title:Diagnosis of electric shock fault based on time-frequency singular value spectrum of leakage current and fuzzy clustering
Authors:Han, Xiaohui (1); Du, Songhuai (2); Li, Zhen (2); Sun, Lihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang; 050018, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:217-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Residual current devices (RCDs), a type of protective equipment in low-voltage systems, are widely used to prevent and avoid leakage accident of power grid and protect the safety of life and property. At present, the operation of an RCD is based on sensing the root mean square value of residual current in an electrical circuit. The circuit will be interrupted on the action of a relay when the residual current exceeds a predetermined level (30 mA for human safety), known as the tripping current. Although such devices offer a large degree of protection, they are prone to nuisance tripping or maloperation in the actual operation of the grid due to the lack of the ability to diagnose electric shock type and identify touch current, which reduces the reliability and the rate of proper commissioning for RCDs. Thus, aiming at the problem that the measured electric shock signals are non-stationary and difficult to diagnose the type of electric shock, a new method of fault diagnosis of electric shock signal based on time-frequency singular spectrum of leakage current and fuzzy clustering is proposed. First of all, a simulation signal is used to compare and analyze the time-frequency analysis performance of short-time Fourier transformation (STFT), wigner-ville distribution (WVD) and smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD). The simulation results show that the STFT presents a lower time-frequency resolution because of the fixed window function, the WVD has serious crosstalk terms and it is difficult to determine the frequency components of the signal, and the SPWVD suppresses the crosstalk of WVD and reflects the distribution of signal frequency components with time through the smoothing of time-frequency window function. Therefore, SPWVD is chosen as the time-frequency analysis method in this paper. Then, numerous groups of total leakage current signals were measured using a recorder on the electric shock experiment platform of RCDs. We select a total of 0.04 s of data (one cycle before the electric shock and one cycle after the electric shock) as electric shock sample data. The SPWVD is used to analyze the total leakage current signal to obtain the time-frequency matrix, and the frequency band width of the main spectrum energy is 0-150 Hz, which can be divided into 13 sub-bands. The singular value decomposition (SVD) is adopted to decompose the time-frequency matrix formed by 13 sub-bands, and the singular values corresponding to the respective sub-frequency band are obtained as the feature vectors of the electric shock signal. And then the fuzzy C means (FCM) algorithm is applied to perform the clustering of extracted feature vectors to get the electric shock signal type. Finally, a total of 400 groups of animals and plants shock data are used as the research object. Among them, 140 groups of animal electric shock samples and 140 groups of plant electric shock samples are taken as known samples, and 60 groups of animal electric shock samples and 60 groups of plant electric shock samples are used as test samples. The experimental results show that there are 3 groups of samples in 120 groups of test samples which are wrongly identified and the recognition accuracy rate is 97.50%. Among them, the accuracy rate of plant electric shock test sample is 100%, and there are 3 samples in animal electric shock test samples, which are identified incorrectly and the recognition accuracy rate is 95.00%. The above results verify the correctness and validity of diagnosing the type of the electric shock fault signal by the extracted characteristic value of the total leakage current, which can lay a solid theoretical and technical foundation for developing new generations of adaptive residual current protection devices.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Electric power transmission networks
Controlled terms:Animals - Crosstalk - Diagnosis - Electric accidents - Electric current measurement - Electric power systems - Fault detection - Feature extraction - Fourier transforms - Fuzzy clustering  - Leakage currents - Singular value decomposition - Spectrum analysis - Wigner-Ville distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Electric shock - Fuzzy C mean - Residual current protection device - Short time fourier transformations - Smoothed pseudo Wigner Ville distribution - Time frequency - Time-frequency analysis methods - WignerVille distribution (WVD)
Classification code:461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1  Electric Power Transmission - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921  Mathematics - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations - 922  Statistical Methods - 942.2  Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 3.00e-02A, Frequency 0.00e+00Hz to 1.50e+02Hz, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Time 4.00e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20182405309246
Title:Effect of salinity of de-electronic brackish water on characteristics of water and salt movement in soil
Authors:Wang, Quanjiu (1); Xu, Ziyue (1); Shan, Yuyang (1); Zhang, Jihong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:125-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The fresh water resource shortage severely increased in some regions, and the reasonable application of brackish water could alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand. Hence, effective measures should be taken to regulate the condition of soil water and salt under brackish water irrigation. De-electronic water treatment technology is a new physical water treatment technology, which has received increasing attention in recent years. In order to improve the efficiency of brackish water utilization and alleviate the shortage of agricultural water supply, the de-electronic processor device was used to treat the brackish water with different salinity (0.14, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/L), and the effect of de-electronic brackish salinity on water and salt movement in soil was revealed by a vertical infiltration experiment. The results showed that the soil infiltration rate and wetting front migration rate were significantly improved by the infiltration of de-electronic brackish water, and it would be varied under different salinity of brackish water. When the salinity of de-electronic brackish water was 3 g/L, the cumulative infiltration amount and wetting front depth reached the maximum at the end of infiltration. Compared with untreated brackish water, the de-electronic brackish water had a maximum relative cumulative infiltration amount and wetting front depth under brackish water condition of 4 g/L salinity. When the infiltration time was 200 min, the cumulative infiltration amount and wetting front depth were relatively increased by 20.5% and 23.1%, respectively, and the infiltration time was reduced by 34.4% after infiltration. The parameters of Philip and Green-Ampt formulas were significantly influenced by de-electronic brackish water. The soil treated by de-electronic brackish water had a greater value of soil sorptivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and wetting front suction than untreated brackish water. The relationship between sorptivity and salinity of de-electronic brackish water can be described by a quadratic polynomial equation. And the effect of brackish water salinity on saturated hydraulic conductivity can be described by a quadratic polynomial equation as well. When the salinity was 3 g/L, sorptivity and saturated hydraulic conductivity reached the maximum under both conditions of de-electronic brackish water and untreated brackish water. Moreover, de-electronic brackish water could enhance soil water retention capacity and salt leaching effect. For the same soil depth, the soil moisture content increased significantly, especially in the depth range of 20-25 cm. The soil water content within the depth of 20-25 cm relatively increased by 29.5% at the salinity of 4 g/L. Saline content and Na⁺content at the depth of 27 cm were obviously higher than that of untreated brackish water after infiltration. The salt and Na⁺relative leaching rates were 16.5% and 19.9% respectively at 4 g/L brackish water. And it had a great desalination effect owing to the highest salt and Na⁺relative leaching rates. The results of this study prove that de-electronic brackish water can improve soil water movement and enhance salt leaching effect. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of brackish water can be significantly increased. This study can provide a theoretical support for the application of de-electronic brackish water in agriculture irrigation.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Desalination - Economics - Hydraulic conductivity - Irrigation - Leaching - Polynomials - Saline water - Soil moisture - Water supply - Water treatment  - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Brackish water - Cumulative infiltrations - Physical water treatments - Salinity - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Water and salts - Water supply and demands - Water treatment technologies
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921.1  Algebra - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 1.99e+01%, Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 2.31e+01%, Percentage 2.95e+01%, Percentage 3.44e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m to 2.50e-01m, Size 2.70e-01m, Time 1.20e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20182405309237
Title:Parameter optimization and experiment of splitter sliding-knife opener for potato planter
Authors:L&uuml;, Jinqing (1, 2); Yi, Shujuan (1); Tao, Guixiang (1); Mao, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Land Reclamation University, Daqing; 163319, China; (2) Department of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Shujuan(yishujuan_2005@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:44-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The seed potato distribution is not uniform, and the seeding quality and quality of back fill is poor when potato seed casting into the furrow by using the ditching shoe and disc opener. In this study, the splitter sliding-knife potato opener was designed and optimized. It had a good embedded performance. The opener was towed by a tractor when the potato planter was operation. The installation site was under the seed-metering device and the longitudinal direction of opener can be adjusted to requirements. A V-shape furrow was got after the working process of opener. The soil particles were cutting and crashed by the edge of the shovel at the front side of the opener, and moved along the side surface of opener. Some of soil particles were fall into the furrow firstly to create a soft furrow thus providing a better furrow situation for potato to grow. In this paper, we also obtained the main factors that influenced soil covering for seed potato, by analysis of the soil particles in the process of motion on the side of the opener and the process of soil fall into furrow, and also kinematics analysis the seed potato falls into the furrow. The time at which the soil particles contact the bottom of the furrow was less than the time at which the soil particles fall into the furrow at the range of the resting angle. The planting effects were not only influenced by the parameters of opener, but also had a connection with the position of potato casted into furrow. The ideal seeding condition is that the potato fall into the bottom of the V-shape furrow, the lateral deviation coefficient of the seed potato is well, and the sowing quality is higher. To get good effects of planting, the time of potato fall into furrow should be less than that of soil particles fall back into furrow. The factors influencing the effect of the potato seed in the ditch were obtained through theoretical analysis after the movement parameters of planter were collected, and they were forward speed, depth of furrow, the length of opener and side angle of opener when initial conditions of the seeding were determined. A rotating orthogonal field experiment was designed. With forward speed, side angle of opener, length of opener and depth of furrow were taken as the experiment factors, coefficient of variation of row spacing, sowing width mean absolute deviation and quality of back fill as the test indices. The test was implemented in Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in June, 2015. The results showed the primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each test index. For the coefficient of variation of row spacing, the order was the depth of furrow, forward speed, the length of opener and side angle of opener. For the sowing width mean absolute deviation, the order was the depth of furrow, forward speed, side angle of opener and length of opener. For the quality of fill back, the order was the depth of furrow, forward speed, the length of opener and side angle of opener. The best structure parameter of splitter sliding-opener was obtained through field test. And results showed that the coefficient of variation of row spacing was 10.8%, sowing width mean absolute deviation was 3.83 mm, the quality of fill back was 24.1%, when the forward speed was 0.95 m/s, the opener of the side angle was 60 degree, the opener length was 500 mm, the depth of furrow was 115 mm. The comparison test showed that the V-furrow out of slide-knife opener was better than the ditch out of the traditional shoe-type opener. The reason was that the V-furrow can reduce seed movement and lateral displacement, to improve the consistency of the seed space. Besides, when the combination of the length of slide-knife opener was 500 mm and the side angle of the opener was 60&deg;, the machine can provide enough time for potato seed into furrow, and the quality of fill back was also large so that potato seed can have enough soil cover and have a good ambient temperature and humidity for its growth. The sowing quality for the splitter sliding-opener was better than traditional opener. The opener designed was meeting the requirements of potato planting. The study of potato furrowing seeding device provided with reference to the design of a new theoretical support.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crops - Factor analysis - Optimization - Soils - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Furrow openers - Mean absolute deviations - Orthogonal test - Parameter optimization - Potato - Splitter slide-knife - Temperature and humidities
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01%, Size 1.15e-01m, Size 3.83e-03m, Size 5.00e-01m, Velocity 9.50e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20182405309266
Title:Optimal extrusion pretreatment process improving quality of soybean protein powder
Authors:Yu, Dianyu (1); Wang, Tong (1); Wang, Xu (1); Liu, Fang (1); Liu, Chuncheng (1); Liu, Bincheng (1); Guo, Yanan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) JiuSan Grain and Oil Industrial Group Co., LTD, Harbin; 150060, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Bincheng(bincheng97@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:285-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a big agricultural country, and soybean production ranks the forefront of the world. Soybean is a high quality nutrient source, and the main nutrient in soybean is soybean protein with the content of about 40%. Soybean protein powder is the soybean meal after oil extraction, which can improve the utilization of soybeans and the economic value to a large extent. Besides, soybean oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and it can effectively reduce plasma cholesterol, prevent cardiovascular disease, and promote lipid metabolism to prevent subcutaneous fat's accumulation. Extrusion is a high-temperature and short-term treatment process, and most of the anti-nutritional factors are heat-sensitive substances, and thus can be inactivated in high temperature. Extrusion technology has the advantages of high production efficiency, wide applicability of raw materials and improvement of practical quality. The traditional soybean oil process has leaching and pressing methods, but the leaching method causes a certain amount of solvent residue, and the squeezing process rate is relatively low. In order to improve the utilization of soybean meal and meet the requirements of today's soybean production process, in this paper, soybeans were used as raw material to study the method that uses extrusion machine to process the broken, quenched and washed soybeans, instead of steaming fry and rolling billet process, and then squeezes part of the oil to make the extruded soybean protein powder. The effects of water content, extrusion temperature, screw speed and pore aperture on the urease activity of soybeans were studied by single factor and response surface optimization. The results showed that the urease activity of soybean meal was 0.021 U/g under the conditions of water content 9.0%, extrusion temperature 160&#8451;, screw speed 270 r/min, and pore aperture 18 mm. The method of response surface analysis was used to optimize the soybean extrusion technology parameters, and the extruded soybean protein powder was prepared according to the optimized process parameters. Extruded soybean protein powder is usually used as animal feed. Compared with the defatted protein powder, it is more in line with the requirements of the aquaculture industry feed, and the method reduces the step of adding fat to the feed, simplifies the feed processing process, and effectively reduces the cost of production; protein powder containing oil has a better stability and is not easy to rancidity. In addition, the effect of extrusion was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and according to the results, the fat in soybean was exposed. Finally, the indices of extruded soybean protein powder prepared by extrusion and traditional oil extraction method were measured. The results show that the product of extruded soybean protein powder has a fat content of 7.1%, and NSI (nitrogen solubility index) value of 80.5%, and the extrusion process can be applied to the processing of feed. In this experiment, the original soybean oil pressing process is improved, the soybean extrusion step is increased, and the soybean meal after crushing can be made into extruded soybean protein powder, which reduces the step of adding oil, reduces production costs, improves the utilization of soybeans, and extends the industrial chain.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soybean oil
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Aquaculture - Cost reduction - Extraction - Extrusion - High resolution transmission electron microscopy - Leaching - Nutrients - Optimization - Pressing (forming)  - Proteins - Screws - Surface analysis - Surface properties - Transmission electron microscopy - Unsaturated fatty acids - Well stimulation
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-nutritional factors - Cardio-vascular disease - Extrusion temperatures - Response surface analysis - Response surface optimization - Soybean - Soybean proteins - Urease activity
Classification code:605  Small Tools and Hardware - 741.3  Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+00%, Percentage 8.05e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.70e+02RPM, Size 1.80e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20182405309240
Title:Orchard monorail conveyer location based on ultra high frequency RFID dual antennas and dual tags
Authors:L&uuml;, Shilei (1, 2); Liang, Yincong (3); Li, Zhen (1, 2, 4); Wang, Jianhua (1); Wang, Weixing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhen(lizhen@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:71-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the main transportation equipment in mountainous orchards, monorail conveyers have strong climbing capacity and high reliability. However, monorail conveyers in working status can be invisible frequently because of tree shades. It is impossible for operators to monitor a working monorail conveyer with a remote control in real time. Thus the monorail conveyer should have the capacity of arriving at the designated locations autonomously. The key technology is to locate the conveyer on the monorail accurately. In recent years, there has been growing attention on the technology of ultra high frequency RIFD (radio frequency identification) location, which is based on RSSI (received signal strength indicator) data. The ultra high frequency RIFD location has been applied in many fields including workshop inspection, warehouse management and staff supervision. However, these applications are carried out in indoor environment. There is little research on locating agricultural implements using ultra high frequency RIFD. Considering the application requirement of locating the conveyer on the monorail accurately, experiments of the monorail conveyer location awareness have been carried out in this paper, which is based on the RFID RSSI data. The RFID equipment used in this paper include an XC-RF807 UHF RFID reader with 2 separated unidirectional antennae and several XCTF-8405 anti-metal passive tags, which are provided by Invengo Technology Pte. Ltd, Shenzhen, China. The operating frequency of reader is 902-928 MHz and the transmitted power can be varied from 15 to 36 dbm. Firstly, RFID communicative features are analyzed. The approach of conveyer location is proposed by comparing the RSSI data between dual antennae and dual tags, which aims to reduce the noise interference in conveyer location. Then the energy transferring location model and path loss location model are formulated. Secondly, several experiments are carried out in the citrus orchard, which is located in the China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou, China. The 2 significant setting parameters of RFID equipment, i.e. the optimal perpendicular distances between RFID antenna and the tag on the monorail, and the optimal horizontal distances between tags on the monorail, are obtained in the experiments of RFID single antenna. Parameters of the 2 location models are fitted to be applicable to experiment environment through the analysis of RSSI data, which can be obtained in the experiments of RFID dual antennae. Finally, the results of performance experiments on location models show that the approach of conveyer location, which is implemented by comparing the data of dual antennae and dual tags, can reduce the noise interference effectively. It can reduce the location error and improve the location system accuracy, but the interference cannot be eliminated completely. The experiment results also demonstrate that reducing the distance between dual tags on the monorail, which increases the density of deployed tags, is not a good way to improve the location system accuracy. The optimal horizontal distances between tags, and the optimal perpendicular distances between RFID antenna and the tag on the monorail are 45 and 20 cm, respectively, and the optimal coefficients in path loss location model are 63.19 and 2.988, respectively, which are applicable to the experiment environment. The varying lengths of conveyers should be considered when different types of conveyers are used. Under the optimal conditions, the minimal average location error is 1.077 4 cm by using the path loss location model, and the minimal location error is 0.017 0 cm by using the energy transferring location model. In order to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, another experiment is carried out in Germplasm Resource Garden of Southern Subtropical Fruit Trees, Guangzhou, China. It shows the similar location results. The research in this paper verifies the feasibility of locating the conveyer on the monorail accurately by using ultra high frequency RIFD equipment. The proposed location approach can improve the safety and reliability of working monorail conveyers. It also can provide accurate data support for applications including multiple transportation tasks planning and scheduling.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Location
Controlled terms:Agricultural implements - Agricultural machinery - Conservation - Conveyors - Directive antennas - Errors - Forestry - Human resource management - Mobile antennas - Orchards  - Partial discharges - Radio frequency identification (RFID) - Remote control - Transportation - Warehouses
Uncontrolled terms:Application requirements - Performance experiment - Planning and scheduling - Received signal strength indicators - RSSI - Transportation equipments - Ultra-high frequency - Warehouse management
Classification code:692.1  Conveyors - 694.4  Storage - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 731.1  Control Systems - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 912.2  Management
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 9.02e+08Hz to 9.28e+08Hz, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20182405309250
Title:Effects of different organic fertilizers on greenhouse gas emissions and yield in paddy soils
Authors:Wu, Jiamei (1, 2, 3); Ji, Xionghui (1, 2, 3); Peng, Hua (1, 2); Xie, Yunhe (1, 2); Guan, Di (1, 2); Tian, Faxiang (1, 2); Zhu, Jian (1, 2); Huo, Lianjie (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Province, Changsha; 410125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha; 410125, China; (3) Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha; 410125, China; (4) Henan Xinyue Environmental Science and Technology Research and Development Co., Ltd, Luoyang; 471000, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Xionghui(1546861600@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:162-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) and nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) are two of the most important greenhouse gases. The concentrations of CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O in the atmosphere have been increasing since the industrial revolution. The paddy field N<inf>2</inf>O emissions account for 7%-11% of the farmland N<inf>2</inf>O emissions. Therefore, it is important to research the origin and dynamic of CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions under which different fertilization conditions are applied. To investigate the effects of the same carbon level of organic fertilizer applications on methane and nitrous oxide emissions in paddy soils, various organic manures were used in a three-year (2010-2012) study. They were: chemicals fertilizer (CF), pig manure +chemicals fertilizer (PM), chicken manure + chemicals fertilizer (CM), and rice straw + chemicals fertilizer (RS). Control was paddy field without fertilizer (NF). The greenhouse gas emission was measured by using the static chamber-gas chromatography method. The results showed that the CH<inf>4</inf>seasonal emission of CF treatment was 202.1, 279.9 and 332.5 kg/hm². There was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) between CF and NF in CH<inf>4</inf>seasonal emission, and significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between CF and CM, RS. N<inf>2</inf>O emission from CF treatment was 1.12, 1.26 and 1.29 kg/hm². There were no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) among CF and the other three organic manures in N<inf>2</inf>O seasonal emission. Furthermore, the CH<inf>4</inf>emission was effected by paddy soil Eh value, temperature, and organic carbon contents, such as the readily oxidizable organic carbon. The CH<inf>4</inf>emissions had a negative correlation with soil Eh value, but a positive correlation with soil temperature at 5 cm soil depth. The liable carbon contents in the organic manures ranged from 18.4 to 114.5 g/kg. ROC<inf>167</inf>(ROC<inf>167</inf>is defined as carbon that can be readily oxidized by 167 mmol/L of potassium permanganate in manures) had a significant impact on CH<inf>4</inf>emission and showed a positive correlations between CH<inf>4</inf>emission and ROC<inf>167</inf>content with a correlation coefficient of 0.872 (P&lt;0.05). The average yields of rice production were increased by 14.3% (P&lt;0.05) in fields applied with organic fertilizers for the third years than those applied with CF only. Among the three different organic manure treatments, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) are the lowest in the PM treatment, which may be due to low content of ROC<inf>167</inf>in the PM. There were no significant differences among PM, CF and NF in GWP and GHGI. In summary, PM could balance the relationship between environmental concerns of CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions and rice production concern of increasing yield. Treatment of PM could be recommended as a valuable CH<inf>4</inf>-limiting organic fertilizer for future use in rice paddy fields.<br/> &copy; 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Gas chromatography - Gas emissions - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Manures - Methane - Nitrogen oxides - Organic carbon - Potash - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Eh value - Global warming potential - Nitrous oxide - Nitrous oxide emissions - Organic carbon contents - Organic manure - Paddy soils
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 451.1  Air Pollution Sources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 1.67e+02mol/m3, Percentage 7.00e+00% to 1.10e+01%, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.04.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.