<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20181505001232
Title:Soil salinity process of Hetao Irrigation District after application of well-canal conjunctive irrigation and mulched drip irrigation
Authors:Mao, Wei (1); Yang, Jinzhong (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Wu, Jingwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Yan(yan0701@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:93-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Long-term prediction of regional groundwater and salt dynamics is important for the agricultural sustainability in Hetao Irrigation District, where the water resources supply and demand contradiction is prominent. The mulched drip irrigation with the well-canal conjunctive irrigation will be applied to save water and control soil salinity. In this study, the improved mass balance model SaltMod by a loosely coupled strategy was used to simulate the long-term groundwater and salt dynamics under current situation and future situation under well-canal conjunctive irrigation with mulched drip irrigation to evaluate the agrucultural sustainability. In the loosely coupled model, 2 SaltMod models were used to simulate the canal-and well- irrigated areas separately. An exchange flux was added in the aquifer mass balance equation to link the canal- and well-irrigated areas. The improved SaltMod could handle with multiple irrigation sources and different groundwater levels in the groundwater aquifer, which makes it possible to be used in the well-canal conjunctive irrigated areas. Then the model was calibrated and validated with 15 years' observation data of the Longsheng well-canal irrigated area in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China. The data in years between 2002 and 2005 were used as the calibration period and 2006-2016 were used as the validation period. Root mean squared error (RMSE) and relative error (RE) were used to evaluate the results. The results showed that the improved model performed well for calculating the groundwater depth and soil salinity for both canal- and well-irrigated areas. Then the model was used to predict the water flow and soil salinity dynamics in the next 100 years under the current irrigation condition. The results showed that it could sustain a long-term stabilization under the present irrigation practice in the Longsheng well-canal irrigated area. Then the model was applied to simulate the water and salt dynamics with different senarios under the well-canal conjunctive irrigation and the mulched drip irrigation. With the satisfactory result of soil salinity in the canal-irrigated area, the well-irrigated area was the concern, especially the root zone in the well-irrigated area. Different autumn irrigation frequency schemes, irrigation quotas in the crop growing season, groundwater depth in the well irrigation area and groundwater mineralizations were considered to be the impact factors on the soil salinity in the root zone of the well irrigation area. The results showed that, the irrigation quota and groundwater depth had little effects on the variation trend of soil salinity in the root zone of well irrigation area. The autumn irrigation frequency scheme and groundwater mineralization played very important roles on the variation trend of soil salinity. When the autumn irrigation frequency (AIF) was once every two years and the groundwater mineralization increased to 2.0 g/L, the root zone soil salinity would still be less than 3.0 g/kg after 100 years. It would exceed 3.0 g/kg after 60 years when the groundwater mineralization increased to 2.5 g/L. Considering the groundwater mineralization of 90% well-canal irrigated area was less than 2.0 g/L, we recommended that when exploiting groundwater for irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District, it was necessary to apply the water from Yellow River for autumn irrigation to wash out the soil salt. The autumn irrigation frequency was once every two years and the autumn irrigation quota was 180 mm.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Groundwater resources
Controlled terms:Aquifers - Cultivation - Economics - Flow of water - Groundwater - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Mean square error - Mineralogy - Soils - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural sustainability - Groundwater mineralizations - Hetao irrigation districts - Mass balance equations - Mulched drip irrigations - Root mean squared errors - Salinity - SaltMod
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 482 Mineralogy - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+02yr, Age 6.00e+01yr, Mass_Density 2.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.50e+00kg/m3, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 1.80e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20181505001247
Title:Biogas production performance of swine manure by mesophilic semi-dry continuous anaerobic digestion
Authors:Wang, Ming (1); Zhao, Shengxue (2); Li, Xurong (1); Yan, Shuiping (1); Yuan, Qiaoxia (1); Zhang, Yanlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agriculture Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430000, China; (2) College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yanlin(zhangyl@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:204-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the volumetric gas production efficiency of pig manure in continuous biogas project and reduce the heat loss during its feeding and unloading process, the high concentration and small volume feeding method is adopted in this study. The total solid content (TS) of swine manure collected from dry cleaning mode is usually greater than 20%, and thus the manure can be used in not only wet but also the semi-dry or dry anaerobic digestion (AD). Previous reports showed that the dry AD mode can obtain better biogas production than wet AD process with a TS lower than 10%, and can also reduce the volume of dilution water and biogas slurry. Recently, Chinese government is pushing ahead the dry cleaning mode in the livestock and poultry farms, and thus there will be more and more "dry manure" with TS of above 20% produced from these farms. Therefore, it will be more necessary to study the semi-dry or dry AD process of swine manure. In present assay, a semi-continuous AD experiment up to 100 days was carried out to investigate the interaction between feedstock TS and the hydraulic retention time (HRT). There are 3 sets of reactors, and the feedstock TS is set as 10%, 12% and 14%, respectively. All the reactors start up from HRT of 25 d, and then the HRT is decreased to 20 and 18.5 d in step by step. The descent process of HRT will cause an increase of organic loading rate (OLR), and thus the reactor state and the biogas production will be influenced. The real-time biogas yield, volumetric biogas production rate (VBPR) and the buffer capacity of each reactor were investigated. The experimental results showed that all the 3 sets of reactors obtained a maximum biogas yield in the continuous AD test when they operated in the stage of HRT of 25 d, and there was no significant difference on the biogas yields among the 3 sets of reactors, around 460 mL/g which reached 86% of the maximum biogas yield of swine manure obtained from the batch AD process also carried out in present assay. The VBPR of each reactor reached the maximum value at the HRT of 20 d, and the highest VBPR of 2.29 L/(L·d) was observed at the TS of 14% and the HRT of 20 d. When the HRT decreased to 18.5 d, the biogas yield and the VBPR showed a larger reduction, mainly due to that the higher OLR had exceeded the bear capacity of these reactors. Moreover, the VFA/TA values were close to or exceeded 0.4 at HRT of 18.5 d, which suggested these reactors had a weaker buffer capacity at this time and might be running to the acidification. The optimum operating combination of feedstock TS and HRT could be selected by synthesizing the 3 factors of biogas yield, VBPR and the buffer capacity, and the feedstock TS of 14% and HRT of 25 d were recommended according to the present experimental results. The present study can provide a help to the practical biogas engineering for the matching of feedstock TS and HRT.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Batch reactors - Biogas - Buffer storage - Dry cleaning - Energy efficiency - Feedstocks - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Manures - Methane - Unloading - Volatile fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas production - Biogas production rates - Chinese Government - Dry anaerobic digestions - Hydraulic retention time - Organic loading rates - Total solid content - Unloading process
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.74e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Specific_Volume 4.60e-01m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20181505001253
Title:Effects of raw material and oil production technology on phthalatic acid esters content in peanut oil
Authors:Hu, Aipeng (1); Liu, Yulan (1); Chen, Li (1); Song, Lili (2); Chen, Ning (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Shang Dong Jin Sheng Genereal & Oils Group, Linyi; 276600, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yulan(liuyl7446@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:250-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Phthalatic acid esters (PAEs) are one of the major risk components in edible vegetable oil. Peanut is the advantageous oil crop in China, and its output ranks the forefront in the world. Peanut oil is also the traditional high-end edible oil, and especially the majority of consumers enjoy the fragrant peanut oil because of its unique flavor. However, the study on the content of PAEs in peanut and its effect on the content of PAEs in peanut oil was very scarce. In this paper, the peanut raw material in different peanut producing areas was collected and peeled, and the contents of PAEs in peanut kernel, peanut coat and peeled peanut kernel were measured respectively. Then the peanut crude oils were obtained from peanut kernel or peeled peanut kernel by solvent extraction or pressing. The content of PAEs in peanut raw material and its corresponding crude oil were tested and analyzed, and in addition, the effects of raw material quality and oil production on the content of PAEs in peanut crude oil were explored. The results showed that PAEs were determined in all peanut materials, nevertheless, the distribution of PAEs in peanut was uneven, and the PAEs content in peanut coat was significantly higher than that in its corresponding peeled kernel and whole oilseed. The contents of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethtlhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl ortho-phthalate (DINP) and the total content of 8 PAEs (Σ8PAEs) in 7 peanut samples were 0.085-0.540, 0.325-1.372, 0.422-0.771 and 0.964-3.403 mg/kg, respectively, while the Σ8PAEs content in peanut coat was 1.15-19.21 times that of peanut kernel. The PAEs in peanut would migrate and be enriched in crude oils during the process of oil production, what was more, the PAEs contents in peanut crude oil were different with different peanut raw material and processing techniques. The migration rate of the PAEs in solvent-extracted crude oil was greater than that of the pressed crude oil. For example, the average contents of DBP, DEHP, DINP and Σ8PAEs in peanut solvent-extracted crude oils were 1.39, 1.23, 1.16, and 1.22 times that of the pressed crude oils, respectively. For crude oil obtained from peanuts after peeling, the exposure risk of PAEs was lower than the oil obtained from peanut without peeling. For example, the contents of DBP, DEHP, DINP and Σ8PAEs in peeled peanut kernel crude oil could be reduced by 33.0%-36.4%, 26.7%-29.4%, 15.0%-18.7% and 22.5%-23.0%, respectively. All in all, the quality of peanut raw material from different origins was quite different, the PAEs content in crude oil was significantly different under different oil production processes, and the solvent-extracted oil had higher degree of risk of PAEs pollution than the oil obtained by pressing. The oil obtained from peanut after peeling could reduce the PAEs content in crude oil, reducing the exposure risk of PAEs in crude oil. In the production of peanut oil, especially for the roasted fragrant peanut oil production, the contents of PAEs in peanut kernels should be strictly controlled by using peeled peanuts and pressing technique to produce crude oil, which is important for the prevention and control of PAEs in peanut oil products.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Well stimulation
Controlled terms:Crude oil - Esters - Oilseeds - Peeling - Plasticizers - Pressing (forming) - Solvent extraction - Solvents - Vegetable oils
Uncontrolled terms:Dibutyl phthalates - Different origins - Edible vegetable oil - Material quality - Migration rates - Peanut - Prevention and controls - Processing technique
Classification code:512.1 Petroleum Deposits - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.25e+01% to 2.30e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01% to 3.64e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20181505001235
Title:Variation in soil total salt and base ions content of tidal-flat reclamation with different years
Authors:Zhang, Ming (1, 2); Gao, Chao (3); Yin, Aijing (4); Bao, Zhengyu (1); Chen, Guoguang (2); Liang, Xiaohong (2); Yong, Taijian (2); Zhu, Yiping (2); Zhou, Mo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) Nanjing Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing; 210016, China; (3) Geographic and Dceanor Phie Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (4) Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:118-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China has an extensive coastline and a large area of intertidal zone, which is one of the important reserved land resources. Jiangsu province has the most abundant resources of intertidal land in China, accounting for 1/4 of the total intertidal land in China. However, salinization of the low beaches along the North of Jiangsu province is one of the main obstacles that restrict the development and utilization of intertidal land. Therefore, it is great significance to find out the current status of the saline alkali and the composition of the salt base ions in the reclamation area. The tidal flats and reclaimed area in the eastern of Dafeng city was chosen as the study area of this work. The study area was divided into five zones according to historical maps and interpretation results of remote sensing. The areas that had been reclaimed for 90 years, 60 years, 30 years and 10 years were designated as zone V, zone IV, zone III, and zone II, respectively. The tidal flat was zone I. The total area of the five zones is about 1600 km<sup>2</sup>, with a length of 56 km in north-south direction and a width of 19 to 38 km in latitudinal direction. 241 samples (0~20 cm) were collected from the surface of the five zones, 60 of which were from the tidal flat sediments. Sample sites were chosen uniformly from the five zones, and any zone has no less than 40 samples. The samples included farmland soil, fish farm sediment, tidal flat sediment and wasteland soil. We adopt quantity statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis and other methods to understand the salinity of surface soil, the change rule and influencing factors of their salt base ions in coastal reclamation area of Jiangsu for the recent 100 years. The research ascertained the soil salinity, the content change and correlation of Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2-</sup>, HCO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, salinization characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties on desalination, indicating that, with increase of reclamation duration, the content of soil salinity and base ion reduced. The average soil salinity in the reclamation area was lower than 1 g/kg in 1960s, meaning that the desalination process was almost finished and the major salinization changed from type chloride into type sulfate. With the processing of desalination, the correlation between base ions and combination features changed dramatically. The main control factors, such as Cl<sup>-</sup>and Na<sup>+</sup>, at the beginning were replaced with SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2-</sup>, Ca<sup>2 +</sup>by the late period of reclamation. During the reclamation process, the variation of soil physicochemical properties has influenc on the changes of inorganic salt and salt base ions. The desalination was accelerated with the increase of soil organic matter and silt proportion, as well as the decease of sand and clay grains. The lands with different types of utilization have different desalination speed. Farm land and fish pond, which need fertilization, cultivation and irrigation, have higher speed of the desalination process. In the reclamation process, the salt base ions keep a close relationship with the soil pH, and the variation is a driving factor to change the soil pH value. Soil conductivity is related with salt content and salt base ions, so that the soil salinity can be estimated by measuring the soil conductivity of the coastal areas.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Reclamation
Controlled terms:Chlorine compounds - Desalination - Fish - Fish ponds - Ions - Land reclamation - Land use - Remote sensing - Salts - Sediments - Soils - Sulfur compounds - Tides - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Dafeng city - Development and utilizations - Reclamation process - Soil organic matters - Soil physical and chemical properties - Soil physico-chemical properties - Tidal flat
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Age 1.00e+02yr, Age 3.00e+01yr, Age 6.00e+01yr, Age 9.00e+01yr, Area 1.60e+09m2, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.90e+04m to 3.80e+04m, Size 5.60e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20181505001237
Title:Comprehensive evaluation on soil fertility quality of jujube orchard under combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer
Authors:Yuan, Jingjing (1, 2); Tong, Yan'an (1, 2); Lu, Shaohui (3); Yuan, Guojun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Academy of Forestry Sciences of Henan Province, Zhengzhou; 450003, China
Corresponding author:Tong, Yan'an(tongyanan135@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:134-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, the study area is the main jujube producing region in China. Intensive management including excessive fertilizers input and spraying pesticides were widely performed in order to obtain higher yield and income benefits, which have shown to accelerate the deterioration of soil quality and affect the edible quality and safety of jujube to consumers. Therefore, the object of this study was to identify the optimum amendment rate under the combined application of peanut shell biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer at different levels in jujube plantation, which could not only provide a scientific evidence for high-efficient fertilization and enhancing soil fertility, but also decrease chemical fertilizer input to reduce environmental risks and maintain the sustainable development of jujube industry. A three-year consecutive field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in jujube orchards of the North China Plain. A widely planted jujube cultivar in Henan Province was chosen and fifteen-year-old trees were used as testing materials in this study. There were a total of 13 treatments, including CK (no fertilizer), 4 levels of biochars (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, namely, C<inf>0</inf>, C<inf>1</inf>, C<inf>2</inf>and C<inf>3</inf>) and 3 levels of N fertilizers (300, 450 and 600 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, namely, N<inf>1</inf>, N<inf>2</inf>and N<inf>3</inf>). A total of 14 important quantitative indices (organic matter, total and available soil nutrient, soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities) related to soil chemical, physical and biological properties were selected, and the factor analysis and the minimum Euclidean distance method were employed to evaluate the overall soil fertility under biochar and N fertilizer amendments. Jujube yield was used to verify the evaluation results. The results indicated that 3 common factors extracted from the initial 14 indices could reflect 82.49% of the original information quantity without losing any original variable. The first common factor was related to soil total N, total K, available K and microbial biomass N, which were the major contributors to nutrient maintenance and supply capacity of soil. The second common factor was related to the activities of urease and invertase, and microbial biomass C, which was regarded as the microbial activity factor, followed by the alkaline phosphatase activity, which was the major contributor to the third common factor. There were significant positive correlations among soil nutrients, microbial biomass, enzyme activities and microbial population according to the correlation analysis. The highest score of soil quality was observed in the C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>1</inf>treatment, followed by the C<inf>2</inf>N<inf>3</inf>and C<inf>2</inf>N<inf>2</inf>treatments, which were almost in line with the results of jujube yields. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified 13 treatments into 5 main groups on the basis of the measured parameters, which was mostly consistent with the result of soil quality scores. The optimal amounts for biochar and N fertilizer according to these results should be 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>and 300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. These findings give us a better scientific basis for high-efficient fertilization and management under the combined application of peanut shell biochar and N fertilizer amendments in orchards, suggesting that biochar-amended treatment was practical and cost-efficient measure to restore crop productivity and soil quality in this study area.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Biomass - Chemical analysis - Cluster analysis - Factor analysis - Hierarchical systems - Materials testing - Multivariant analysis - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nutrients - Oilseeds - Orchards - Phosphatases - Soils - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Alkaline phosphatase activity - Biological properties - Comprehensive evaluation - Hierarchical cluster analysis - Microbial populations - Minimum euclidean distances - Positive correlations - Soil microbial biomass
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.25e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20181505001231
Title:Design and experiment of heavy liquid-type negative pressure valve used for negative pressure irrigation
Authors:Long, Huaiyu (1); Zhang, Huaizhi (1); Yue, Xianlu (1); Zhang, Renlian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agriculture Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:85-92
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Negative pressure irrigation (NPI) is a high efficient irrigation technology which has attracted great concern from some Chinese scholars in the past decade. To produce and maintain a steady negative pressure is an essential key point for NPI, and at present there are mainly 5 methods, namely hanging water column (HWC), static water column (SWC), climbing water column (CWC), electromagnetic valve (EMV) and negative pressure water circulation (NPWC). However, due to some inherent shortcomings, those methods are not convenient to practically operate. The HWC is easily to fail due to the air embolus, the EMV and NPWC are energy-consuming, and too large heights of HWC, SWC, CWC and NPWC make them very cumbersome and not easy to install. In fact, the negative pressure results in the soil water sopping, which is always continuous, slow and unidirectional, and the function of the negative pressure maintaining device is similar to negative pressure limiting valve which does not need to act continuously or high frequently. Therefore, the heavy liquid static pressure should be theoretically used to control the negative pressure in the NPI system. It is known that 1 mmHg which can be easily determined with naked eyes can generate 0.133 kPa static pressure. Moreover, the negative pressure in actual NPI is seldom set under -30 kPa which is equivalent to 22.5 mmHg. Obviously, the negative pressure maintaining device using the static pressure of mercy whose density is the largest in the world to control the negative pressure in NPI should have high precision and small size, and be easily to operate. Accordingly, a heavy liquid-type negative pressure valve (HLNPV) was designed. The HLNPV consists of 3 basic interconnected parts, i.e., a U-shaped tube, an S-shaped pressure maintaining tube and a hollow ball, together with a certain amount of mercury which can be poured into them and cyclically flow in them. The negative pressure is maintained by the static pressure of the mercury in the S-shaped tube. Additionally, a device to slow down the air entering was installed between HLNPV and atmosphere, and the mercury in the hollow ball was overlapped by paraffin oil or water to prevent the evaporation of mercury. Laboratory test showed that the precision of HLNPV could reach 0.1 kPa, which is too enough for NPI, and the relative error of HLNPV with the theoretical control pressure from -5 to -30 kPa was less than 5%, which is satisfactory for NPI. In the field, most paraffin oil overlapping HLNPV could steadily run for the whole experiment period of 2-3 months, while the mercury in 15.5% of the HLNPV was oxidized after running for 1-3 months, and that in 6.2% of the HLNPV was blocked up by the oxide precipitate, which caused their failure to maintain negative pressure. Water-overlapping HLNPV could steadily run for the whole experiment period of 2-4 months, while water is a theoretic volatile liquid, if the runtime is more than 4 months, the overlapping water maybe need to be complemented. In one word, the HLNPV can overcome many disadvantages of the present negative pressure maintaining methods, and has the advantages of larger negative pressure, no energy consumption, small size, high accuracy, easy to install and debug, as well as more security. The mechanism, structure, application effect and suggestions for improvement of the HLNPV are described explicitly in this paper, thereby providing a reference for its further application, innovation and improvement.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Mercury compounds
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Design - Energy utilization - Irrigation - Liquids - Paraffin oils - Paraffins - Pressure relief valves - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Application effect - Control pressure - Electromagnetic valves - Heavy liquids - Negative pressures - Oxide precipitates - Volatile liquids - Water circulation
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 513.3 Petroleum Products - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.2 Machine Components - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.67e-01yr to 2.50e-01yr, Age 1.67e-01yr to 3.33e-01yr, Age 3.33e-01yr, Age 8.33e-02yr to 2.50e-01yr, Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.20e+00%, Pressure -3.00e+04Pa, Pressure -5.00e+03Pa to -3.00e+04Pa, Pressure 1.00e+02Pa, Pressure 1.33e+02Pa, Pressure 3.00e+03Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20181505001240
Title:Nitrogen nutrition monitoring of beet canopy based on digital camera image
Authors:Zhang, Jue (1, 2); Tian, Haiqing (1); Li, Zhe (1); Li, Fei (3); Shi, Shude (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) College of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot; 010020, China; (3) College of Grassland, Resources and Environment Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010019, China; (4) College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010019, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Haiqing(hqtian@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:157-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To explore the feasibility of monitoring nitrogen elements in beet canopy leaves by digital camera, field experiment with different planting schemes was carried out in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia in 2014. Canopy digital images of beet grown under different nitrogen application rates were captured several times during the whole growth stage. The change trend of canopy LNC (leaf nitrogen content) under different nitrogen levels was analyzed. It was found that canopy LNC is relatively high in the middle period of rapid growth and later stage of sugar growth, and the canopy grow trend is from high to low during the whole stage. Canon EOS7D digital camera with the resolution of 5184×3456 was used for image acquisition. In order to keep the light source consistent and improve the comparability of the images captured in different stages, collection time was set at noon from 12:00 to 14:00, when the weather was clear and calm. The camera was 1.50 m above the beet canopy and had an included angle of 60° with the ground. Complete beet canopies of adjacent 2×2 plants were selected and the image was stored in JPEG format. In view of the difference of gray value between leaves and background, threshold segmentation method based on gray value was used to segment the soil, shading leaves, and numbered signs. After that, the color image with green leaves only was obtained, and the R (redness intensity), G (greenness intensity), and B (blueness intensity) values were extracted. Ten image feature parameters were chosen to analyze their correlation with monitoring evaluation index of canopy nutrition under different schemes, including 3 single color characteristic values (R, G and B), 4 linear combination parameters (G/R, G+B, R/B and R-B), and 3 linear combination parameters by standardized processing (R/R+G+B, G/R+G+B and B/R+G+B). It was found that different characterization ability exists among 3 single color parameters, and the correlation between the composite characteristic parameters and the canopy LNC has significant improvement compared with that between the single color parameter and the canopy LNC. Interactive tuning R, G and B tricolor component coefficients, and the method of primary color weight optimization was proposed. The BOP (basic optimal parameter) and NOP (normalized optimal parameter) were extracted to characterize nitrogen elements in beet canopy leaves. The results show that the 2 tuning parameters have great effect on correlation and fitting accuracy compared with color characteristic parameters G/R and NRI (normalized redness intensity) obtained by conventional methods. The correlation coefficients between G/R, NRI and canopy LNC were 0.80 and 0.79, respectively, and those between BOP, NOP and canopy LNC were 0.84 and 0.83, respectively. Comparing prediction accuracy, the R<sup>2</sup>values of the model based on the tuning parameters BOP and NOP were 0.69 and 0.68, respectively, which were higher than the contrast indices G/R and NRI. The RMSE (root mean square error) values of the model based on the tuning parameters were 2.65 and 2.73, respectively, which were lower than the contrast indices. It can be seen that the method of primary color weight optimization is more efficient than the conventional color characteristic parameter selection method. The sensitive parameters affect the accuracy of crop nutrition monitoring, however, most studies choose sensitive parameters from the common, and researches are few in the constructing parameters method. This paper analyzed R, G and B primary weights, and proposed a general method for constructing color sensitive parameters. The optimization parameters BOP, NOP and coefficient optimization model were constructed, and the parameters weight range was analyzed and regulated, and then BOP and NOP were optimized. This study can provide a basis for the nutritional diagnosis of other crops, and also show it is possible to estimate the nutrition deficiency using digital camera under the conditions of field natural light. This indicates that conventional low-cost digital cameras can be used for determining nitrogen content in beet canopy leaves, and also offers a potentially inexpensive, fast, accurate and suitable tool for small farms.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Color - Crops - Digital cameras - Image enhancement - Image processing - Light sources - Mean square error - Models - Nitrogen - Nutrition - Parameter estimation - Plants (botany) - Video cameras
Uncontrolled terms:Beet - Color characteristics - Correlation coefficient - Nitrogen application rates - Nitrogen nutrition - Optimization parameter - RMSE (root mean square error) - Threshold segmentation
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 741.1 Light/Optics - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.50e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20181505001256
Title:Effect of ship swaying and process parameters on extrusion peeling of Antarctic krill
Authors:Zheng, Xiaowei (1); Zhang, Junwen (1); Zhou, Chunsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Ocean Fishing Vessel and Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:273-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Antarctic krill is not only rich in biological resources, but also has high utilization value. As a new protein resource, Antarctic krill will get more and more attention as the offshore fishery resources dwindle. But Antarctic krill is very small and grows in the distant Antarctic seas. Krill is rich in active enzymes and tends to deteriorate. As a result, it needs to be processed quickly on board. Therefore, the fishing and processing of Antarctic krill require higher cost and have more difficulty. In the 1960s, the development of krill industry was started from abroad, and China has begun the research on krill processing technology in recent years. Some preliminary research results have been obtained in process and equipment. Krill is often used to produce shrimp meat or to extract shrimp oil. Peeling is another effective method for the utilization of Antarctic krill. Previous research has shown that roller extrusion is one of the effective methods for the peeling of Antarctic krill. There are many factors that influence the effect of peeling in actual production, such as rotation speed, extrusion distance, and roller clearance. It is also affected by the wind and waves of the sea. The wind and waves sway the ship and affect the safety of navigation. These include the impact on personnel and the impact on equipment. The influence of sway on the equipment is reflected in the change of stability and processing effect. A composite laminates peeling equipment is developed to explore the effect of waves on the peeling results of krill. The performance of the equipment under different swing conditions in the sea was analyzed. Ships would have varying degrees of lateral sway and vertical sway during the voyage. The yield rate and residual rate of shrimp shells were measured and recorded. The roller was divided into 4 areas according to the length. The completion rate of peeling in different regions was analyzed. The experimental results show that the swing of the ship affects the yield rate and the residual rate of the shell. But the difference is not significant. Krill shell residue ratio rises to 1.07% when the longitudinal swing reaches 7°. And it rises to 1.64% when the lateral oscillation reaches 5°. The swing of the ship also has a certain effect on the completion rate of the peeling. The completion rate of peeling in the same area shows a decreasing trend, with the increase of swing amplitude. It is found that increasing the length of the roller can effectively alleviate the problem of the decrease of the peeling completion rate caused by the swing. The completion rate is greater than 95% when the roller length is about 1200 mm. The retention time has a great effect on the peeling effect. The completion rate of peeling of the krill that is stored for 2 h decreases significantly after being caught. And peeling completion rate reduces to 94% in the regional IV. The residual rate of shrimp shells increases correspondingly. The results can provide reference for the application and industrialization of Antarctic krill peeler.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Ships
Controlled terms:Extrusion - Fisheries - Laminated composites - Machining - Peeling - Quality control - Rollers (machine components) - Shellfish - Shells (structures)
Uncontrolled terms:Antarctic krill - Biological resources - Composite laminate - Lateral oscillations - Meat yields - Processing effects - Processing technologies - Safety of navigation
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 461.9 Biology - 601.2 Machine Components - 604.2 Machining Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.07e+00%, Percentage 1.64e+00%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20181505001244
Title:Flowability and discharge characteristics of mixtures with different ratio of torrefied biomass and pulverized coal
Authors:Xu, Guiling (1); Li, Menghui (1); Lu, Ping (1); Song, Hengheng (1); Liang, Cai (2); Chen, Xiaoping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing; 210042, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing; 210096, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:186-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Co-gasification of coal with biomass has been considered as a new research focus of clean coal technology, as well as a novel utilization technology of biomass energy. However, the processes of biomass collection, storage and transportation are difficult and costly. It is necessary to pretreat the raw biomass properly. Recently, torrefaction is a promising technique for biomass pretreatment. Substituting raw biomass with torrefied biomass to blend with pulverized coal can improve the flowability and discharge characteristics of gasification feedstocks, which may affect not only the composition of the synthesis gas, but also the long-period, continuous and stable operation of the gasifer. Compared with pulverized coal, torrefied biomass particles are different in shape, density and material properties, and the flowability and discharge characteristics of binary particle mixtures (BPMs) of torrefied biomass and pulverized coal have certain particularity, which needs further experimental investigation. In this paper, the experiments of flowability and discharge characteristics for the BPMs of torrefied biomass and pulverized coal were carried out with a BT-1000 powder comprehensive characteristics analyzer and a Plexiglas hopper discharge experimental system, respectively. The effect of torrefied biomass mass fraction on the flowability of the BPMs was investigated, and the differences between different mixtures of torrefied biomass and pulverized coal were compared. Meanwhile, the effects of torrefied biomass mass fraction and discharge outlet diameter of the hopper on the discharge characteristics of the BPMs were studied. An empirical formula for predicting discharge mass flow rate of the BPMs was proposed. The results show that as torrefied biomass mass fraction increases, the angle of repose and compression degree of the mixtures increase, while the Carr flowability index (FI) decreases, and the flowability of the mixtures becomes worse. Compared to the methods of angle of repose and compression degree, the FI method can be used to evaluate the flowability of the BPMs more detailedly and comprehensively. The sequence of the FI of the 4 kinds of raw material is as follows: Anthracite 1 > anthracite 2 > torrefied biomass 1 > torrefied biomass 2. The torrefied biomass mass fraction of the BMPs corresponding to the flowability turning point from the common flowability region to the poor flowability region (FI=60), is as follows: Anthracite 2/torrefied biomass 2 (34%) < anthracite 1/torrefied biomass 2 (52%) < anthracite 2/torrefied biomass 1 (70%) < anthracite 1/torrefied biomass 1 (85%). As torrefied biomass mass fraction increases, the discharge mass flow rates of different BMPs all decrease. The successful discharge of the BPMs mainly depends on the amount of torrefied biomass. The extreme amount of torrefied biomass for discharge process can be predicted and determined by measuring the FI of the BPMs. When the FI of the BPMs is less than 55, the flowability of the BPMs is in the lower region of poor flowability, which is close to the region of bad flowability or even in the region of bad flowability, and the BMPs cannot be discharged successfully. As the discharge outlet diameter increases, the discharge mass flow rates of different mixtures increase. The empirical formula obtained in this paper can predict the discharge mass flow rate of the BPMs of torrefied biomass and pulverized coal well with errors ranging from -15% to 25%.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Biomass
Controlled terms:Anthracite - Binary mixtures - Coal - Compressive strength - Flow rate - Gasification - Hoppers - Mass transfer - Pulverized fuel - Pyrolysis
Uncontrolled terms:Binary particle mixtures - Biomass pre treatments - Clean coal technologies - Discharge characteristics - Experimental investigations - Experimental system - Flowability - Storage and transportations
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 631 Fluid Flow - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -1.50e+01% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20181505001227
Title:Numerical simulation and verification of hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field in spiral flow generator
Authors:Zhang, Chunjin (1); Sun, Xihuan (1, 2); Li, Yongye (1); Zhang, Xueqin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydro Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Jinzhong University, Jinzhong; 030600, China; (3) Zhangqiu Yellow River Bureau, Jinan; 250200, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Xihuan(sunxihuan@tyut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:53-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Low-pressure straight pipeline was usually used to transport sediment-laden flow in the traditional field irrigation. Sediment deposition often triggered pipe blockage and affected normal run of the fluid-conveying pipeline. In order to effectively solve the problem of pipe blockage caused by sediment deposition during a long-distance inter-field water transfer process of the low-pressure straight pipeline, this paper designed a kind of spiral flow generating device: A hydro-spiral generator. Compared with the traditional spiral flow generating device, the guide vanes were fixed on the exterior surface of the barrel which always maintained concentric with the fluid-conveying pipeline. The hydro-spiral generator works by producing reverse resistance and vertical lift on the fluid under the action of the guide vanes, and forming a stable velocity circulation and a spiral flow of uniform vortex strength within the pipeline. The supports made it more flexible to arrange the hydro-spiral generator at any position and greatly enhanced the intensity and scope of continuous generating spiral, which was significant in improving irrigation efficiency of sediment-laden flow in the field irrigation. In order to rationally design structural parameters of the hydro-spiral generator, a geometrical model of the hydro-spiral generator with different guide vane lengths was established by using Auto CAD (computer aided design) software. Based on RNG k-Ε turbulent model and PISO algorithm, hydraulic characteristics such as the axial velocity, the radial velocity, the circumferential velocity, the pressure and the vorticity magnitude inside the hydro-spiral generator having different guide vane lengths were investigated numerically with three-dimensional unsteady calculation by using the commercial Fluent 12.0 software. At the same time, the spiral generating efficiency was deduced to further analyze the effects of the guide vane length on spiral generating capability. The hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field were studied by using model tests inside the hydro-spiral generators with guide vane lengths of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 m respectively. The barrel was 0.1 m long with an outside diameter of 0.05 m, and structure parameters of the guide vane were 0.01 m for height and 30° for placement angle. The seven-port point gauge, pressure sensors and standard dynamic pressure collection box were used to measure flow velocity and pressure distributions at the typical sections, and the simulated values were compared with the experimental values. The results showed that the simulated values of internal flow field in the hydro-spiral generator were in good agreement with the experimental values, and the maximum relative errors of the flow velocity field and the pressure field did not exceed 6.4% and 1.3% respectively, which further indicated that it was feasible for solving hydraulic characteristics of internal flow field inside the hydro-spiral generator using the commercial Fluent 12.0 software. As the length of the guide vane increased, the affected areas of the axial velocity gradually decreased, while the affected areas of the radial velocity, the circumferential velocity and the vorticity magnitude gradually increased at the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator. With the increase of guide vane length, the energy losses caused by the hydro-spiral generator showed an increasing trend. There was an obvious low pressure zone at the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator, and then the pressure again rose along the downstream direction of the fluid-conveying pipeline. The vorticity magnitude of the hydro-spiral generator was mainly distributed in the near-wall areas of the barrel near the entrance to the cyclical slit flow, the near-wall areas of the guide vanes and the downstream flow field of the hydro-spiral generator. As the increase of guide vane length, the spiral generating efficiency of the hydro-spiral generator gradually increased. The study of this paper not only provides references for further designation and optimization of the hydro-spiral generator, but also improves comprehensive theoretical basis for further perfecting the theories of long-distance solid transportation and the technologies of spiral flow solid transportation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Computer aided design
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Computational fluid dynamics - Deposition - Energy dissipation - Flow fields - Flow velocity - Irrigation - Numerical analysis - Pipelines - Sediments - Three dimensional computer graphics - Velocity - Vorticity
Uncontrolled terms:Generating efficiencies - Generator - Guide vane - Low pressures - Spiral flow
Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 6.40e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20181505001229
Title:Paddy planting acreage estimation in city level based on UAV images and object-oriented classification method
Authors:Wu, Jinsheng (1, 2, 3); Liu, Hongli (1, 2); Zhang, Jinshui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) Department of Geography, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) Shandong Investigation Corps of National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, Jinan; 250001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jinshui(zhangjs@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:70-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a highly efficient technology to detect land surface, which is capable of acquiring centimeter-level spatial resolution data and acquiring ground survey samples information timely and accurately. This is the basis for large-scale crop acreage estimation. However, the usual procedure of UAV image for sampling plot identification is still hand-generated, which leads to time-consuming and high cost expense. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient approach to extract crop acreage in sampling plot from UAV orthographic image to support the regional crop acreage estimation. In this paper, we introduced an object-oriented automatic classification method, instead of the visually digitized method, to identify UAV quadrat paddy, and the combination of the quadrat paddy data and the paddy classification result from satellite remote sensing was exploited to estimate the paddy planting acreage. The comprehensive comparison between the methods of manual visual interpretation and object-oriented classification was carried out. This experiment was conducted in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province. The integrated satellite imageries of Chinese GF-1 WFV sensor and American Landsat8 OLI were acquired. According to paddy phenology calendar of the study area, there were 2 key phases for the paddy identification. In middle June, paddy was in the seedling growing season, which represented the water spectrum. However, in later July, the paddy rice field showed the vegetation spectral information in satellite imagery, which was at tillering stage. The information sources of GF-1 WFV and Landsat8 OLI acquired at the respective phenological stages were sufficient to map paddy rice distribution. First, the data were preprocessed for geometric correction, and atmospheric correction was applied for both satellite images. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to identify the vegetation and water components from GF-1 data and Landsat8 data, respectively. Then, a logical "and" operation was conducted between vegetation and water to generate the paddy rice spatial distribution. UAV images were obtained from T10 Bumblebee platform, and a total of 7 sampling belts were acquired. Amount of UAV photos was firstly tiled by Pix4D mapper to generate UAV images with the resolution of 0.08 m. Then, UAV images were segmented by multi-scale algorithm in eCognition Developer, the segmentation scale was set to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 and the spectral standard deviation of image objects and its rate were calculated at each scale to determine the optimal segmentation scale. After various tests, the choice of 200 was decided as the optimal segmentation scale to describe the field boundary clearly and correctly. Then, different features were constructed and nearest neighbor classification method was adopted to extract the paddy planting distribution in sampling belts. A framework of 300 m × 300 m square grids was built covering the extent of paddy as the primary sample unit, and then the sampling ratios were calculated using acreage index to allocate the samples in each stratum. Then, the regional paddy rice acreage was estimated by combining extracted paddy rice acreage based on the satellite remote sensing and UAV sampling belt. The results showed that the overall classification accuracy of paddy from UAV image was more than 93% for the object-oriented automatic classification method, which met the basic requirements of building the samples. Most of all, the difference of CVs (coefficient of variations) of the acreage estimation aided by automatic classification quadrat data and manual visual interpretation quadrat data was 0.0008, which stated the object-oriented automatic classification could achieve the same estimation performance as artificial visual interpretation method. That implies it is feasible to apply the object-oriented automatic classification in place of the visual digitization method to extract the quadrat data to support the regional paddy acreage estimation. This achievement can be applied and tested extensively in large-scale areas and with different crops.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Antennas - Automatic indexing - Crops - Data visualization - Image classification - Image segmentation - Machine components - Remote sensing - Sampling - Satellite imagery - Support vector machines - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Area estimation - Automatic classification - Coefficient of variation - Comprehensive comparisons - Nearest neighbor classification - Object oriented classification - Single late rice - Visual interpretation
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 655.2 Satellites - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.30e+01%, Size 3.00e+02m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20181505001236
Title:Soil organic matter content inversion model with remote sensing image in field scale of blacksoil area
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Pan, Yue (1); Dou, Xin (1); Zhang, Xinle (1); Qiu, Zhengchao (1); Xu, Mengyuan (1); Xie, Yahui (1); Wang, Nan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xinle(zhangxinle@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:127-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, an agricultural field of 41.3 hm<sup>2</sup>in the black soil region of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, 2 phases of remote sensing images during the second half of May (Landsat 8 image on May 17th and Sentinel-2A image on May 25th) and 4 m resolution DEM data were used as the basis research data, and the spatial distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) in the field scale was investigated. Through the analysis of the relationship between remote sensing image reflectance, spectral index and organic matter, the comparison of the difference information between 2 soil spectral reflectance curves of 2 different images for characterizing soil moisture, and the analysis of the relationship between terrain factors and SOM spatial distribution, this paper established the SOM predicting model by BP (back propagation) neural network. Comparing and analyzing the models' accuracy by using 3 kinds of modeling methods, this paper took the optimal model for mapping spatial distribution of SOM in study area and analyzed the spatial distribution of SOM through the inversion map. Results showed that the spatial differences of field SOM were significant. From west to east in field, with the terrain increasing, the difference of spatial distribution of SOM increased. The spatial distribution of SOM was affected by slope, aspect and slope position; the SOM content on the 0-3° slope area was significantly higher than that of other slope areas; the content of SOM on shady slope was slightly higher than that of the sunny slope; the content of SOM decreased from the bottom of the slope to the sunny slope, and the content of SOM increased from the sunny slope to the top of the slope; the content of SOM decreased from the top of the slope to shady slope, and the content of SOM increased from the shady slope to the bottom of the slope. The 3-5 bands of Landsat 8 image and 3, 4, 8 bands of Sentinel-2A image can be used as the main reference bands to inverse SOM; the 5-7 bands of Landsat 8 image and 8, 11, 12 bands of Sentinel-2A image can be used as the characterization band of soil moisture. For the SOM prediction model with single phase image, the model precision was high based on red band and 785-899 nm band; for the SOM prediction model with 2 phases of images, the prediction accuracy and stability were improved significantly based on red and 1570-1650 nm band; on the basis of 2 image models, the accuracy improved when adding terrain factor into the model. The study shows that taking temporal information into account and using multi temporal images can help to improve the accuracy of SOM remote sensing retrieval. The change of soil water content has a certain influence on the content of SOM. The black soil region was in plain and hill areas, so the terrain has a certain effect on the degree of soil erosion, and then influences the spatial distribution of SOM. The results of this study are applicable for black soil area in plain and hill terrain area. The results will provide reference for remote sensing technology applied in the monitoring of soil parameters, and play a better role of land quality evaluation and estimation of soil carbon pool, and also will provide theoretical and technical support for precision agriculture and farmland fertilization.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Backpropagation - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Forecasting - Image enhancement - Landforms - Models - Organic compounds - Quality control - Reflection - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:BP (back propagation) neural network - Remote sensing images - Remote sensing technology - Soil organic matter contents - Soil organic matters - Soil spectral reflectance - Temporal information - Terrain factors
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.57e-06m to 1.65e-06m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 7.85e-07m to 8.99e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20181505001224
Title:Design and experiment of rasp bar and nail tooth combined axial flow corn threshing cylinder
Authors:Di, Zhifeng (1); Cui, Zhongkai (1); Zhang, Hua (1); Zhou, Jin (1); Zhang, Mingyuan (2); Bu, Lingxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science, Jinan; 250100, China; (2) Lovol Heavy Industry Co. Ltd., Weifang; 261206, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Zhongkai(kevin6119@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:28-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ear picking and grain harvesting are the 2 kinds of corn mechanized harvesting. Grain harvesting can complete harvesting, threshing and cleaning process at one time, which reduces operation process and improves working efficiency. It is the development trend of China corn harvest. The planting pattern in Huang-Huai-Hai region is wheat-corn rotation. The grain moisture content of corn is about 30%-35% when harvesting. This causes high breaking rate and un-threshing rate and restricts the development of corn grain harvest. There were many current studies on corn threshing process at home and abroad. But most studies were on small corn threshing machine. This article analyzed the factors affecting breaking rate and un-threshing rate, which provided a theoretical basis for research of large corn grain harvest machine. Based on analysis of the structure characteristics of the existing threshing cylinder, this article designed the combined axial flow corn threshing cylinder. Based on analysis of threshing process characteristics, radial feed and radial exhaust style cylinder was selected. According to calculation, the threshing cylinder designed had a diameter of 650mm and a length of 2800mm. The cylinder chose rasp bars and nail teeth as threshing elements. In order to make the material in the cylinder have a backward transmission capacity, the rasp bars and nail teeth were arranged in 4 heads withthe pitch of 4800mm. The test bed adopted grid and punched combined concave. Two spiral guide bars were arranged at the end of the inner wall of the cover to control the speed of material movement. The spiral angle of the guide bar was 35°, and the diameter was 8mm. In October 2016, using the threshing test bed, the threshing experiment was completed at the experiment base of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences(SAAMS) in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City, ShandongProvince. Experiment subject was summer corn in mature period in Shandong with the moisture content of 32%-34%. The experiment was carried out according to GB/T 21961-2008 Test method for maize combine harvester and GB/T 21962-2008 Technical requirements for maize combine harvester. The cylinder speed, cylinder angle and concave clearance were chosen as experiment factors, and the breaking rate and un-threshing rate as main test indices. In each experiment, 150 corn ears were fed, and the experiment of each group was repeated 3 times. In order to determine reasonable range of each factor, single factor experiments of the 3 factors were firstly carried out. The single factor experiments showed that with the increase of cylinder speed, the lowest breaking rate was 5.52% when cylinder speed was 450~500 r/min; the un-threshing rate decreased and the lowest un-threshing rate was 0.2%when the cylinder speed exceeded 350 r/min. The breaking rate decreased while the un-breaking rate increased with the increase of concave tolerance and the lowest breaking rate was 3.35%, the lowest un-threshing rate was 0.12%. The breaking rate and un-threshing rate were both decreased with the increase of cylinder angle and the lowest breaking rate was 2.88%, the lowest un-threshing rate was 0.06%. On the basis of single factor experiment, this article chose cylinder speed, cylinder angle and concave clearanceas investigation factors and carried out orthogonal experiment with 3 levels of each factor. By using SAS (statistical analysis system) software and Duncan's method, main sequence and significance level of the factors were tested, and the optimal parameter combination was found out. The orthogonal experiment showed that the sequence of the factors affecting breaking rate and un-threshing rate was cylinder speed, cylinder angle and concave clearance. The factor combination obtaining the lowest breaking rate and un-threshing rate was cylinder speed of 430r/min, cylinder angle of 6° and concave clearanceof 55mm. With this factor combination, the breaking rate was 2.96% and the un-threshing rate was 0.19%.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Axial flow - Cleaning - Cylinders (shapes) - Equipment testing - Harvesters - Harvesting - Moisture - Moisture determination - Software testing - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Corn - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal experiment - Single-factor experiments - Statistical analysis systems - Structure characteristic - Threshing - Transmission capacities
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e-01%, Percentage 1.90e-01%, Percentage 2.88e+00%, Percentage 2.96e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01% to 3.50e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01% to 3.40e+01%, Percentage 3.35e+00%, Percentage 5.52e+00%, Percentage 6.00e-02%, Rotational_Speed 3.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.30e+02RPM, Size 2.80e+00m, Size 4.80e+00m, Size 5.50e-02m, Size 6.50e-01m, Size 8.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20181505001223
Title:Design and experiment of hybrid stabilized tracking platform and its control system
Authors:Chen, Lipo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Unit 92785 of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Qinhuangdao; 066200, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Lipo(284386703@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:22-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the process of navigation, because of the influence of the waves, ships will generate the movement of rolling, pitching, heading, and so on. This movement will disturb the using of the TV (television) tracking equipment and change the direction and bring some danger to equipment and personnel. In order to overcome the effects of ship swaying, and broaden the application scope of TV tracking equipment, a novel five-degree-of-freedom stabilized tracking platform using two-layer structure is introduced, which is of great significance and illustrates a good prospect of application. The upper layer is the two-degree-of-freedom tracking platform, which uses the series structure of U-U (the U-shaped outer frame revolving around the outer ring axis and the U-shaped inner frame revolving around the inner ring axis). It can ensure that the TV tracking equipment is aimed at the dynamic target in real time. The down layer is the three-degree-of-freedom stabilized platform, which uses the parallel structure of 3UPS/PU because of its characteristics of good stiffness, large carrying capacity, high precision, compact conformation, and so on. But control algorithm complexity and poor real-time performance cause the low accuracy of the stable platform, which seriously affects the further development of the stable platform of parallel mechanism. So the RTX(real-time extension) operating system is combined in order to improve the real-time performance of the control system. The stabilized platform can effectively isolate the disturbance of ships and provide a stable erection platform for TV tracking equipment. UPS is the driving branch and PU is the constraint branch. The upper platform's radius is 500 mm. The down platform's radius is 700 mm. The height of stabilized platform is 900 mm. The angle of adjacent spherical joints is 120° on the upper platform. The angle of adjacent spherical hinges is 120° on the down platform. Mathematical models of tracking platform and stabilized platform are established respectively and the algorithm of tracking platform guidance and the kinematics of stabilized platform are derived. A set of IMU(inertial measurement unit) is installed on the outer frame of the tracking platform, which can dynamically acquire the position of the tracking platform. GPS (global position system) signal source is installed on the target and the target information is transmitted to the tracking platform computer through the wireless network. By guiding the solution method, the rolling and pitching angle of the tracking platform are calculated. And then computer controls the outer frame and inner frame axis to achieve dynamic tracking. Now the control strategy of the stable platform of parallel mechanism is based on kinematics or dynamics. By contrast, the control strategy based on kinematics is easier to implement and has a better real-time performance. So the control strategy of the stable platform of parallel mechanism uses the one based on kinematics. The stabilized platform has the motions of 2 directions i.e. rolling and pitching. The sensitive component installed on stabilized platform is aware of the ship's rolling, pitching attitude and other parameters. These motion parameters are transmitted to the motion control computer. The motion control computer calculates through the real-time kinematics, and the motion quantity of the electric cylinder is obtained and the control instruction is generated. The control instruction is output after signal conditioning by the servo control unit, which drives the movement of the servo system to realize the desired movement attitude. At the same time, the servo control unit can collect the displacement of the electric cylinder in real time, realize the monitoring and protection of the self-stabilized platform, and display the various information. Experimental results show that tracking accuracy of tracking platform is better than that of 0.02°, stable frequency of stabilized platform is better than that of 1 Hz, and dynamic stability precision is better than that of 0.3°. It confirms the self-stability and tracking performance of the designed platform. This study combines the tracking function with the stabilizing function, which can provide reference for the development of other ship-borne and vehicle-mounted equipment.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Target tracking
Controlled terms:Computational complexity - Control engineering - Control systems - Cylinders (shapes) - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Design - Dynamics - Experiments - Kinematics - Mechanisms - Motion control - Pneumatic control equipment - Ships - Stabilization - Structure (composition) - Surface discharges
Uncontrolled terms:Global position systems - Hybrid - Inertial measurement unit - Monitoring and protections - Platform - Real time performance - Three degree of freedoms - Two-degree of freedom
Classification code:601.3 Mechanisms - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+00Hz, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 7.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20181505001242
Title:Fast collision detection for rice leaf population based on improved bounded box tree and GPU
Authors:Zhang, Xingbang (1); Hu, Bin (1); Tang, Liang (2); Wu, Yanlian (1, 2); Jiang, Haiyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Haiyan(jianghy@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:171-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Virtual rice technology has played an important role in modern agricultural production decision-making, yield prediction, crop breeding and growth conditions optimization. In the visualization of virtual rice, the phenomenon of interpenetration between organs is often found. There is need to use collision detection technology to avoid this phenomenon. However, when the number and size of the population increase, there will be a lower collision detection efficiency. To improve the efficiency of leaf collision detection during the dynamic growth simulation of rice population, methods for rapid construction of mixed leaf tree (MLT) and fast detection of CPU/GPU are proposed in this paper. The main ideas of these methods are based on the morphological structure characteristics of leaf parabola and the accelerating characteristics of CPU/GPU. On the single leaf scale, a new calculation of OBB bounding box direction axis method is proposed to reduce the construction complexity of OBB bounding box, and the MLT is constructed based on the upper axis aligned bounding box (AABB) and the lower oriented bounding box (OBB). The AABB bounding box is built to quickly exclude the disjointed leaf pairs and the OBB bounding box is built to ensure the accuracy of the collision detection. According to the morphological characteristics of rice leaves, the calculation method of the new OBB bounding box direction axis is proposed to replace the traditional calculation method based on covariance matrix and mean value, which reduces the complexity of OBB bounding box construction. The new calculation method is applicable to the cases in which the leaves of rice are not twisted, curled, broken, and so on. In these cases, the mid-vein curve of the rice leaves can be considered as the first order derivable and the second order continuous. The connection line between the starting point and the end point in the mid-vein curve is a direction axis of the OBB bounding box, in the initial structure of rice leaves, the z-axis is the other axis of the leaf OBB bounding box, and the third direction axis can be determined by the 2 determined direction axes. On the group scale, firstly, according to the regularity of rice population cultivation and the law of rice growth, the rule of collision detection between rice is proposed: No collision detection is calculated between rows or columns of non-adjacent plants, and if row or column distance is greater than the sum of the length of the 2 longest leaves of rice, there is no collision detection between them. Use these rules to reduce the number of rice leaves for collision detection. Then the CPU/GPU acceleration scheme was designed by using the dependence of the collision detection between the leaves of the individual plants and rice population: The construction of the rice population MLT on the CPU side is carried out, and the intersection of the calculation on the GPU side is calculated. Each thread block represents the result of the intersection detection of a leaf, and for each thread in the thread block a crossing detection is calculated between a pair of leaves; when the thread block in the calculation of all the results has no collision, it is determined that thread block represents no collision, otherwise it is determined to have the collision. After all the calculation is completed, the intersection test result is returned to the CPU side for processing. In order to verify the effectiveness of this study, the experiment of collision detection efficiency was carried out with the leaves of large-scale rice population at tillering stage. The results show that the time consumed by collision detection method proposed in this paper is 50% less than the traditional AABB and OBB method, which effectively improves the collision detection speed between leaves. When the rice population is large, the running time of CPU/GPU parallel acceleration is 98% less than that of the CPU, and the collision detection efficiency is greatly improved.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Population statistics
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Covariance matrix - Crops - Cultivation - Decision making - Efficiency - Forestry - Graphics processing unit - Models - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Axis-aligned bounding boxes - Bounding box - Collision detection - Fast collision detections - Leaf populations - Morphological characteristic - Virtual rice
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20181505001250
Title:Evaluation system for prioritization tool to redevelop abandoned coal mine industry square based on DSR model
Authors:Li, Xiaodan (1); Yang, Hao (1); Chen, Zhiting (1); Wang, Zhen (1); Guo, Lujie (1); Song, Yongjie (1); Liu, Lu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:224-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The redevelopment of abandoned coal mine industry square (ACMIS) has become an important issue, as the number of abandoned sites has been increasing. Meanwhile, redeveloping the ACMIS is the basic requirement of the Chinese urban renovation and restoration strategy. Since reusing ACMIS is time-consuming and cost-consuming, developing an assessment tool to prioritize the renewal processes is necessary. Many existing assessment tools are not appropriate because they mainly focus on ecological aspects, while neglecting urban planning issues. Thus, this paper proposes a driving force-state-response (DSR) model of ACMIS which integrates planning, land rehabilitation and ecology, and analyzes the factors influencing the DSR framework. Then, the paper creates a comprehensive assessment system for prioritizing the redevelopment of ACMIS, which includes stakeholders' requalification objectives and perspectives related to the ACMIS regeneration process. The assessment system takes into account 3 pillars, which are 6 driving force factors (agglomeration degree of ecological agriculture, agglomeration degree of culture-oriented travel, high-way status, public transportation status, distance from downtown, accessibility of public service facilities), 9 state factors (soil conditions, soil pH value, damage degree, degree of heavy metal pollution, risk degree of geologic hazard, architectural integrity, historic and cultural value of modern architectures, status of underground space, municipal infrastructure status), and response (planning and policy). The point scoring framework is used to quantify and classify indicators, while four-quadrant method is used to couple evaluation results. Based on the evaluation results, ACMIS has been divided into 4 classes, high driving force - high state (HDFHS), high driving force - low state (HDFLS), low driving force - high state (LDFHS) and low driving force - low state (LDFLS). According to the land use planning, the development sequence is divided into 3 stages: The first development sequence is composed of HDFHS, the second development sequence is composed of HDFLS and LDFHS, and the third one is composed of LDFLS. The method has been applied to the Jingxi coal mine case study (Beijing, China), and the result showed that 3 sites named Changgouyu (D=3.818, S=3.848; D is driving force and S is state), Datai (D=3.732, S=3.732) and Muchengjian (D=2.646, S=4.522) in the city inventory were included in the first redevelopment sequence, and Wangping (D=4.240, S=3.187), Qianjuntai (D=2.248, S=3.887) and Daanshan (D=1.792, S=4.39) in the second redevelopment sequence, while Anjiatan (D=2.118, S=1.464) and Huapogen (D=2.798, S=1.907) in the third redevelopment sequence. It reveals that an adapted and structured assessment approach truly contributes to integrating urban planning into ACMIS regeneration. The resulting assessment should be a valuable aid to cities and governments as they plan their ACMIS regeneration projects.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Coal mines
Controlled terms:Abandoned mines - Agglomeration - Agriculture - Coal - Coal industry - Damage detection - Heavy metals - Land reclamation - Land use - Pollution control - Restoration - Risk assessment - Service oriented architecture (SOA) - Urban planning
Uncontrolled terms:Assessment - Mine industry - Prioritization - Redevelopment - Restoration strategies
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20181505001254
Title:Loss factor analysis of mechanical damage and cushioning protection measure for Citrus reticulate Blanco
Authors:Chen, Hong (1, 2); Yin, Yijun (1, 2); Pan, Haibing (1, 2); Bao, Xiulan (1, 2); Li, Shanjun (1, 2); Xu, Qinchao (1, 2); Xu, Xiangzhou (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:258-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical damage of Citrus reticulate Blanco has an important influence on the postharvest characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of load conditions on mechanical damage of citrus and the protection performance of different material for citrus. Citrus without damage was set as a positive control group and the obviously damaged citrus was set as a negative control group which were stored for 7 or 14 days. Compression, dropping and vibration, 3 common loads in harvesting and the postharvest treatment, were conducted. Different constant load sizes (10, 30, 50 N horizontal, the compression part was the equatorial area of citrus; 50 N vertical, the compression part is the top of citrus) were tested in the compression experiment based on TMS-PRO texture analyzer using creep programming. Different heights (90, 105, 120 cm) were tested in the dropping experiment based on the dropping test platform. Different positions (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th floor), time (0.5, 1, 1.5 h) and accelerations (0.8, 1.15, 1.4 g) were tested in the vibration experiment based on 7YGD-40 self-propelled single-track orchard conveyor. Mass loss rate and relative permeability of cell membrane of citrus were measured after the 3 different experiments. According to the experimental data, using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the data of positive control group were considered as ideal point, the degree of mechanical damage of citrus was defined and calculated, and the mechanical damage of citrus was quantitatively estimated based on the mass loss rate and relative permeability of citrus. Based on the k-nearest neighbor classification in machine learning, using scikit-learn in Python, the positive and negative control groups were used as training data set, the dichotomous prediction model of mechanical damage of citrus was established, and the damage rate of citrus was qualitatively classified. The test accuracy was over 80%. Due to the mass loss and the change of the cell membrane permeability under different load conditions, the 5 factors of the 3 experiments had extremely significant effects on the mass loss rate and relative permeability of citrus (P<0.01). The predictions of the mechanical damage of citrus showed that the pressure should be less than 10 N to keep the unprotected citrus from damage. It was suggested that the contact force should not exceed this value if the rigid manipulator was used to pick up the citrus. When vibrated, the number of stacked layers of the citrus should be decreased as much as possible, and it was suggested to be 2 layers if citrus was contacted directly, and the citrus on the upper layers should be provided a cushion to protect against shock. Vibration acceleration should be less than 0.8 g and vibration time should be less than 0.5 h. In addition, the evaluation of the damage degree of citrus showed: Corrugated paper had the best effect on reducing damage (damage degree was only 0.4%), and plywood had the secondary effect (damage degree was 4.77%) in the compression experiment; EPS (expanded polystyrene) had the best effect on reducing damage (damage degree was 6.46%) in the dropping experiment; HDPE (high density polyethylene) had the best effect on reducing damage (damage degree was 4.33%) in the vibration experiment. The results of the study can provide a reference for equipment design and damage protection in the harvesting and postharvest treatment of Citrus reticulate Blanco.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Citrus fruits
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Classification (of information) - Cytology - Digital storage - Energy storage - Fruits - High density polyethylenes - Learning systems - Mechanical permeability - Nearest neighbor search - Space platforms
Uncontrolled terms:Cell membrane permeability - Citrus - Cushioning protection - Damage - EPS (expanded polystyrene) - K-nearest neighbor classification - Postharvest characteristics - Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.7 Energy Storage - 655.1 Spacecraft, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.84e-02yr, Force 5.00e+01N, Mass 1.40e-03kg, Mass 8.00e-04kg, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 4.33e+00%, Percentage 4.77e+00%, Percentage 6.46e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 5.40e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20181505001260
Title:Effects of content of Na<sup>+</sup>and Ca<sup>2+</sup>on dynamic rheological properties of mixed gel system of konjac glucomannan and xanthan gum
Authors:Fu, Yuying (1, 2); Shen, Yali (1); Chen, Guowen (1); Wang, Mei (1); Li, Xiaomeng (1); Zhang, Hao (1); Ni, Junjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Hangzhou College of Commerse, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:301-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:KGM (konjac glucomannan) is a water-soluble and high-molecular-weight polysaccharide extracted from the roots of Amorphophallus Kojac plant. D-glucose and D-mannose are bonded by β-1,4 pyranoside bonding, and therefore, KGM is hard to be digested by the human. Due to the unique characteristic, KGM has been applied to a wide range of products as nutritional supplements for constipation, obesity, high cholesterol, acne vulgaris and type 2 diabetes. KGM often serves as emulsifier or thickener in food or pharmaceutical industries, however, thickening effect of KGM is not strong enough for products requires. The synergistic effect has been reported between the KGM and carrageenan or xanthan gum (XG), and thickening effect of KGM could be greatly enhanced once the XG or carrageenan has been added. XG is popularized for its outstanding thickening effect and synergistical effect with other polysaccharides. It is interesting to find that these 2 kinds of non-gelling or weak gelling polysaccharides could gel at low concentration once they were mixed. Several factors including pH value, temperature and salt concentration affect the properties of KGM-XG mixed gel. Investigation on the regulatory mechanism of salt on the dynamic rheology properties of KGM-XG mixed gel has been conducted in this paper. Different concentration of salt ranging from 1 to 15 mmol/L was added into the KGM-XG mixed gel respectively, and the dynamic rheological properties were measured through strain sweep, stress sweep, frequency sweep, temperature sweep, creep-recovery test. Results show that the addition of salt will compromise the steric net structure, and Na<sup>+</sup>will screen the electrostatic repulsion of XG and lead to the ordering of XG molecular conformation, thus weakening the crosslinking between XG and KGM. Actually, KGM combines XG through hydrogen bonds, since KGM is in disordered state, and synergistic effect between XG and KGM is on the basis of massive hydrogen bonds, some of the bonds are on the backbone of XG, while some of the bonds are on the side chain. The ordering of XG actually decreases the binding sites of KGM, and therefore, elasticity properties of the mixed gel system decrease with the increasing salt concentration and the storage module representing the elastic property decreases, too. Stress sweep and strain sweep indicate the strain range of linear viscoelastic region is 0.01%-30%; increasing the strain, the inner structure of KGM-XG mixed gel system will be irreversibly destroyed. Elevating salt concentration will decrease the gel/sol transition temperature since the salt has changed the crosslink ways of KGM with XG. Ca<sup>2+</sup>possess higher valence states, and therefore, the effect for weakening the gelling properties of KGM-XG is stronger compared to that of Na<sup>+</sup>added in gel at low concentration. Nevertheless, the situation becomes different once the concentration of Ca<sup>2+</sup>reaches 10 mmol/L, and frequency sweep indicates that the Ca<sup>2+</sup>might promote the cross-links between XG molecules and therefore lead to the increased of storage module compared with low Ca<sup>2+</sup>concentrations. According to Burger's model for creep-recovery test, the results can provide quantitative evidence to the viscoelastic properties of KGM-XG mixed gel, and the mechanism involved.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Xanthan gum
Controlled terms:Binding sites - Creep - Dynamics - Elasticity - Emulsification - Gelation - Gels - Hydrogen bonds - Polysaccharides - Rheology - Salts - Strain - Viscoelasticity
Uncontrolled terms:D glucose and d mannose - Dynamic rheological properties - Gelling polysaccharides - Konjac glucomannan - Linear viscoelastic regions - Nutritional supplements - Pharmaceutical industry - Viscoelastic properties
Classification code:801.2 Biochemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 1.00e+00mol/m3 to 1.50e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 1.00e+01mol/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20181505001226
Title:Effects of substrate types and uniconazole on mechanized transplanting qualities and grain yield for late rice with different seedling ages
Authors:Zhang, Junhua (1); Lin, Yujiong (1); Huang, Jie (1); Bai, Zhigang (1); Hussain, Sajid (1); Zhu, Lianfeng (1); Cao, Xiaochuang (1); Jin, Qianyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou; 310006, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Qianyu(jinqianyu@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:44-52
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The mechanized transplanting area of rice in China accounts for about 38% of the total planting area, and the area is increasing now. Preparation of nutrient soil for raising rice seedlings has become one of the obstacle factors restricting the development of rice transplanting with machine. Light soilless substrate originating from renewable resources like crop straws can solve the difficulties of getting soils and protecting environment. Few studies focus on the interaction effects between light soilless substrate, rice seedling age, and the corresponding growth regulation way. Therefore, determining the suitable substrate type, seedling age and external hormone regulation way for raising late rice will be of great importance in improving the mechanization level of transplanting late rice. In this study, 2 kinds of substrates and 2 kinds of exogenous hormone regulation ways were used in this trial to explore the effects of substrate types on physiological characteristics and mechanized transplanting qualities for different seedling-age of late rice and the regulation way. Inbred rice, Jia 58 was used in this trial as late rice cultivar. Nutrient soil and light soilless substrate were used as substrates in this trial. And 2 kinds of seed soaking concentrations for uniconazole (control and 25 mg/L uniconazole) were used in this trial as growth regulation ways. The results showed that aboveground biomass for rice seedlings was increased with the increase of rice seedling age. SPAD (soil plant analysis development) values for rice leaves and root activities for rice seedlings firstly increased and then decreased as the increase of rice seedling age. The total rice life cycle was longer and rice growth period in the field was shorter for the longer age of rice seedlings. Rice seedlings qualities were greatly improved after seeds were treated with uniconazole. After seeds were treated with uniconazole, rice stem width was increased by 0.1-0.2 mm, rice plant height was significantly decreased, and SPAD values of rice leaves and root activities of rice seedlings were significantly increased compared with the control. The rice seeds soaked with uniconazole showed a better performance on rice mechanized transplanting qualities for longer age of rice seedlings, however, the performance on rice mechanized transplanting qualities was poorer for shorter age of rice seedlings (less than 18 d). The most suitable seedlings age for Jia 58 raised by nutrient soil was 18 d, while the most suitable seedlings age for Jia 58 raised by light soilless substrate was 18-24 d. When rice seedlings age was more than 24 d, the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle treated by nutrient soil could increase after rice seeds were soaked with uniconazole, rice grain yield treated by nutrient soil was also increased after rice seeds were soaked with uniconazole, and the modifying effects for rice seeds soaked with uniconazole were more favorable for longer age of rice seedlings. The performances of rice seeds soaked with uniconazole on rice grain yield treated with light soilless substrate were poorer compared with that treated with nutrient soil. Many kinds of raw material were widely used for light soilless substrate, the management procedures raising rice seedlings by light soilless substrate were simple, and the rice grain yield treated by light soilless substrate was also higher than nutrient soil treatment. Therefore, light soilless substrate is suitable for late rice transplanting with machine.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Crops - Machinery - Nutrients - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Seed - Soils - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Above ground biomass - Growth regulation - Interaction effect - Late rice - Management procedures - Physiological characteristics - Protecting environments - Renewable resource
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.50e-02kg/m3, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Size 1.00e-04m to 2.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20181505001225
Title:Improved design and bench test based on tangential flow-transverse axial flow maize threshing system
Authors:Yang, Liquan (1, 2); Wang, Wanzhang (1, 2); Zhang, Hongmei (1); Li, Lianhao (1, 2); Wang, Meimei (1, 3); Hou, Mingtao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang; 455000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Wanzhang(wangwz@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:35-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The research on the process of maize threshing, the theoretical analysis and the mathematical modeling have the limitation of ideal hypothesis. The field experiment of whole machine is subject to the system structure or the site and can not be deeply analyzed. Therefore, based on the situation of breeding varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region, the characteristics of agricultural farming, and the status quo of harvesting machinery, in order to facilitate the study of corn threshing process indoors, with the 4YL-4/5 harvester threshing system, the structural design is optimized, and a tangential flow - transverse axial flow threshing test system is designed. The technical parameters and threshing test scheme of threshing mechanism are studied to reduce the grain broken rate, which is the primary target, and at the same time, we explore the technological potential of the maize kernel harvesting and explore the technical bottlenecks that restrict the industrialization development of maize production in the region. The test bench consists of power system, feeding system, threshing system and auxiliary mechanism, and the structure design is modular, the concave threshing clearance can be adjusted, and different styles of threshing drums or concave plate sieve components can be replaced according to the need, in order to carry out a variety of grain threshing test research. The calibration of the working parameters indicates that the test system can meet the maximum load of 37 kW, and meet the test requirements of the threshing peripheral velocity between 0-29.06 m/s and the feeding amount between 0-8.08 kg/s. Based on the statistical analysis of the biological characteristics of tested maize ear, under the condition that the inlet threshing clearance is 36 mm, the outlet threshing clearance is 12 mm and the feeding amount is 2.6 kg/s, tangential flow feeding drum with spiral tooth structure and transverse axial flow drum with column tooth - plate tooth structure are used to thresh the corn ear with water content of 22%-32%, taking different peripheral velocities of transverse axial flow threshing drum as the test speed. The experiments show that, the threshing capacity of the tangential flow drum decreases with the increase of the moisture content. When the moisture content is below 28%, the threshing capacity of the tangential drum is almost equal to threshing sieving section of the transverse flow drum. When the water content is higher than 28%, the threshing capacity of the tangential flow drum decreases significantly. The grain broken rate index of the threshing system satisfies the national standard of equal to or lower than 5% under the condition of the drum peripheral velocity of 15.84-18.72 m/s and the moisture content of 22%-26%. With the drum peripheral velocity of 17.28 m/s and the moisture content of 24%-26%, the threshing system has the lowest grain broken rate with an average of 1.7%. Through the threshing test system, the theoretical analysis of maize threshing process can be effectively combined with the field experiment, and the related experimental conclusions provide a scientific basis for the design of the corn combine harvester threshing system.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Axial flow - Experiments - Feeding - Harvesters - Machine design - Moisture - Moisture determination - Plates (structural components) - Structural design - Testing - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Biological characteristic - Combine harvesters - Peripheral velocity - System structures - Test requirements - Threshing process - Threshing system - Working parameters
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 0.00e+00kg/s to 8.08e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.60e+00kg/s, Percentage 1.70e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+01% to 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01% to 3.20e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01% to 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Power 3.70e+04W, Size 1.20e-02m, Size 3.60e-02m, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 2.91e+01m/s, Velocity 1.58e+01m/s to 1.87e+01m/s, Velocity 1.73e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20181505001251
Title:Analysis of land damage and recovery process in rare earth mining area based on multi-source sequential NDVI
Authors:Li, Hengkai (1); Lei, Jun (1); Wu, Jiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Architectural and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou; 341000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:232-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The problem of land and ecological environment damage caused by ion mining has attracted more and more attention. Taking the Lingbei rare earth mining area as an example, combined with remote sensing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time sequence analysis method, we used HJ-1B CCD (charge-coupled device), Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 remote sensing data during 1990-2016, and analyzed land distribution and rare earth mining area damage and recovery process. In order to reduce the NDVI error caused by the sensor itself, NDVI conversion equation of HJ-1B CCD and Landsat 5/8 data was constructed by using the regression analysis method, NDVI image of HJ-1B CCD was transformed into the NDVI image corresponding to the years of Landsat 5/8 (the analog image) by using conversion equation, and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the simulated image and the real Landsat 5/8 NDVI image was calculated and the accuracy of the transformation equation was verified. The results showed that the R<sup>2</sup>values of NDVI equations from HJ-1B CCD and Landsat 5, HJ-1B CCD and Landsat 8 data were 0.9319 and 0.9552, both more than 0.9, indicating that there is obvious linear positive correlation between the NDVI of HJ-1B CCD and Landsat 5/8. The RMSE values of NDVI imaging between simulation images and real Landsat 5, and simulation images and real Landsat 8 were 0.0293 and 0.040, which were less than 0.05, showing that the obtained conversion equation has high accuracy and can eliminate the influence of different data sources on the NDVI. Combining NDVI threshold of mining and non-mining, and threshold of non-rare earth mining interference and rare earth mining interference, Lingbei rare earth mining area had annual rare earth mining activity from 1990 to 2016, rare earth mining area of which was smaller in 1990, 1991,1995 and 2000, mining area was more than 1 km<sup>2</sup>in 2001-2006, and the mining area reached 2.546 1 km<sup>2</sup>in 2006; after 2006, to maintain the rare earth mining scale at the lower level, the country began to implement control of rare earth mining, and the spatial distribution of rare earth mining was more dispersed, which not only caused difficulties in supervision and waste of resources, but also increased governance difficulties to a certain extent. Testing the extraction accuracy of land destruction and restoration type, extraction accuracy of various types was found above 85%, most of which reached more than 90%, satisfying the requirement of accuracy. Analysis of land destruction and restoration type showed that the area that was not disturbed was 97.082 1 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 45.41% of the total mining area; anthropogenic disturbance area was 116.709 3 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 54.59% of the total mining area; the area affected by deforestation disturbance was the largest, which was 86.534 1 km<sup>2</sup>, and the average time length of vegetation restoration was 3 years; the arable land that was not abandoned occupied 5.404 5 km<sup>2</sup>; cultivated land abandoned for many years and that for returning to forest occupied 9.390 6 km<sup>2</sup>; orchard development area was 3.148 2 km<sup>2</sup>, and the average time length of vegetation restoration for 7 years; rare earth mining occupied 11.354 4 km<sup>2</sup>, whose average recovery time was 11 years, and the recovery of the reclamation area was 5.004 9 km<sup>2</sup>, so there was still 6.349 5 km<sup>2</sup>area with the regional vegetation that did not be recovered, and relevant departments should pay attention to the situation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Charge coupled devices - Conservation - Deforestation - Extraction - Land use - Mean square error - Metadata - Rare earths - Reclamation - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Restoration - Time series analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Anthropogenic disturbance - Conversion model - Ecological environments - Mining areas - Multi-Sources - Normalized difference vegetation index - Regression analysis methods - Transformation equationss
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e+01yr, Area 1.00e+06m2, Percentage 4.54e+01%, Percentage 5.46e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20181505001233
Title:Soil salinity distribution based on remote sensing and its effect on crop growth in Hetao Irrigation District
Authors:Huang, Quanzhong (1, 2); Xu, Xu (1, 2); Lü, Lingjiao (1); Ren, Dongyang (1, 2); Ke, Jundi (1, 2); Xiong, Yunwu (1, 2); Huo, Zailin (1, 2); Huang, Guanhua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agriculture University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Guanhua(ghuang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:102-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salinity analysis on a regional scale is of great significance for protecting agriculture production and maintaining eco-environmental health in arid and semi-arid irrigated areas. In this study, we explored the soil salinity distribution and its effect on crop growth in Hetal Irrigation Dsitrict based on field investigation and remote sensing inversion. The Hetao Irrigation District (Hetao) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region suffered long-term soil salinization problem. Field sampling experiments and investigations related to soil salinity, crop growth and yields were carried out at 281 different sampling points across the whole area during April to August in 2015. Spatial-temporal soil salinity characteristics were systematically analyzed as well as the corresponding impacts on crops. The remote sensing inversed soil salinity model had the accuracy of the determination coefficient of 0.75 (P<0.01) and the root mean square error of 0.10% at the validation process. The relationships between soil salinity and crops and groundwater depth were investigated. The results showed that the surface soil (0-10 cm) and the root zone soil (0-100 cm) had the mean of soil salinity 0.12%-0.20% and the mean of soil salinity was all below 0.40%. The salinity could be lower than 0.10% in some regions. The uncultivated land was mainly sever salinized. The soil salinity of the uncultivated land averaged 1.15% at 0-10 cm and 1.60% at 0-100 cm. The soil salinity had a good relationship with the total amount of irrigated water, the conditions of drainage system, and the groundwater depth. Mild salinization with the soil salinity less than 0.20% for all the investigated soil was founded when the depth of groundwater depth was about 2.0 m. Remotely sensed map of soil salinity distribution for surface soil was derived based on the Landsat OLI data with a 30 m resolution and showed that the spatial distribution of soil salinity based on remote sensing was consistent with the sample analysis, and the correlation coefficient was 0.87. Over 14% of the land with its salinization exceeded the level of heavy salinized soil in Hetao Irrigation District, and about 86% of the total area was nonsalinized or mildly salinized soil. Crops such as corn, wheat, fruits and vegetables were planted in the area with low salinity while sunflower was widely planted in the area with severe salinized soil or saline soil, and the leaf area index decreased with the increasing of soil salinity. Based on the investigation results, the corn field was classified into high level (yield>12 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and low level (yield <12 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and the sunflower field was high (yield>3 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and low level (yield<3 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). The high yield level had relatively lower soil salinity than the field with low yield. So it is very important to minimize the salinity of root zone for sunflowers at the stage of filling period, especially for the lower reach of the Hetao. In addition, the strong spatial variability of salinization was clearly presented by the map of soil salinity. Overall, this paper can provide very useful information for salinization control and guidelines for agricultural production and soil-water management in Hetao.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Crops - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Irrigation - Mean square error - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Soils - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Determination coefficients - Hetao irrigation districts - Inner Mongolia autonomous regions - Large-scale - Root mean square errors - Salinization - Spatial-temporal distribution
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 1.15e+00%, Percentage 1.20e-01% to 2.00e-01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+00%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20181505001259
Title:Release characteristic of JS25 phage microcapsules and biological control effect on liquid food
Authors:Long, Men (1, 2); Sun, Mengyuan (2); Xie, Wen (2); Zhou, Hui (2); Wang, Ran (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou College, Anhui Heat-sensitive Materials Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Chuzhou; 239000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Ran(wangran2001@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:294-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bacteriophages are natural enemies of bacteria and are suitable candidates for the environmentally friendly biocontrol of these pathogens. Using bacteriophages as a tool for the control of pathogens is complementary to antibiotic therapy. We have isolated a lytic bacteriophage with broad range of host, designated as JS25, which was from sewage effluent on a dairy farm in Jiangsu and was used as a biocontrol agent against Staphylococcus aureus infections. Morphologic analysis of JS25 revealed that it was closely related to other Myoviridae phages infecting Staphylococcus species. However, the stability of planktonic JS25 phages is very poor. When they are stored at 20℃, they will be inactive after 6 h, which severely restricts the widespread use of these phages. Microencapsulation is a commonly used technique for embedding active material, and this technique can not only stabilize the active substance through embedding to improve the stability, but also control the release rate of active substance by embedding technology to increase possibility of application of active substances. Although microencapsulation of active substances has been widely applied in medicine, food packaging, biotechnology, environmental protection and other fields due to many advantages, this technique can not achieve the full encapsulation of active substances, which can lead loss of some active substances during microencapsulation process. Therefore, the premise of the technology is to make the appropriate microencapsulation process for different active ingredients. In this experiment, the JS25 phage was microencapsulated by alginate, and the structure of JS25 phage microcapsule powder was characterized in order to determine the size distribution of JS25 phage powder. In addition, the stability of JS25 phage powder in different temperatures was analyzed with the control of planktonic phage. And the release and stability of microcapsules in different liquid foods were studied to determine their biological control role in liquid food. The result showed that JS25 phage powder system composed of sodium alginate and CaCl<inf>2</inf>could be effectively constructed. And when sodium alginate and CaCl<inf>2</inf>content were 3.72 and 2.55 g/100 mL, the embedding rate of JS25 phage could reach the maximum value of 87.43%, and the JS25 phage powder obtained under the conditions had relatively stable technology structure, and particle size in 20-90 μm was in normal distribution. Moreover, compared with the inactivation of planktonic phage, the stability of phage displayed a significant increase in this state. The phage microcapsule powder still had higher titer after 35-day storage at 4 and 20℃. In addition, JS25 microcapsules could be quickly released in different liquid foods, and also had high stability in storage. Biological control experiment results showed that with the addition of JS25 phage microcapsules increasing, the number of colonies in different liquid foods during the storage was significantly (P<0.05) reduced. JS25 phage microcapsules could significantly remove pathogens in fresh milk, egg white and broth with the dosage more than 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the microencapsulation process could effectively secure phage JS25 and had a higher biological control role to liquid food. Therefore, sodium alginate microencapsulated JS25 phage can be used for the production of JS25 phage microcapsules and the preservation of liquid food.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Chemical contamination
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriophages - Biocontrol - Biology - Chlorine compounds - Liquids - Microencapsulation - Microstructure - Normal distribution - Particle size - Processing - Sewage - Sodium - Sodium alginate - Stability - Storage (materials)
Uncontrolled terms:Biological controls - Full encapsulations - Liquid food - Microencapsulation process - Morphologic analysis - Release characteristics - Staphylococcus aureus - Structural characterization
Classification code:452.1 Sewage - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 694.4 Storage - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 813.2 Coating Materials - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 922.1 Probability Theory - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.59e-02yr, Percentage 8.74e+01%, Size 2.00e-05m to 9.00e-05m, Time 2.16e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20181505001255
Title:Adsorption effect of modified magnetic litchi peel for arsenic in water and fruit juice
Authors:Chen, Yilun (1); Yao, Qiaoyun (1); Liu, Luqiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Tianjin Baodi Market and Quality Supervision and Administration Bureau, Tianjin; 301800, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:267-272
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Natural plant by-product litchi peel was chosen as experimental material. Magnetic litchi peel, a kind of arsenic adsorption material, was prepared by co-precipitation technique, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to measure arsenic content. Arsenic clearance rate was the judgment index. The adsorption effect and mechanism of magnetic litchi peel on trivalent arsenic and pentavalent arsenic were studied. The magnetic litchi peel and litchi peel were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the modified magnetic litchi peel surface contains powdery Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, some functional groups are increased, rough and loose structure makes the surface is more uneven, and the number of micropores is also increased. This structure is favorable for the adsorption. The clear rate of arsenic from magnetic litchi peel decreases with the increase of arsenic concentration. The clear rate of trivalent arsenic from magnetic litchi peel is 88% in aqueous solution with arsenic concentration of 0.20 mg/L. The clear rate of pentavalent arsenic from magnetic litchi peel is 90% in aqueous solution with arsenic concentration of 0.20 mg/L. The effect of magnetic litchi peel on the clear of arsenic is better because the loose and porous structure of the modified magnetic litchi peel increases the contact chance of arsenic ions and the adsorption site, and the adsorption rate is faster. After the magnetization of litchi peel, the active site is increased, and the adsorption activity of arsenic is enhanced. The clear rate of trivalent arsenic from magnetic litchi peel is 83% in apple juice with arsenic concentration of 0.20 mg/L. The clear rate of pentavalent arsenic from magnetic litchi peel is 93% in apple juice with arsenic concentration of 0.20 mg/L. The effect of pentavalent arsenic and trivalent arsenic adsorption in fruit juice is weaker than that in aqueous solution, due to the presence of organic matter and some ions such as phosphate ion in fruit juice, which are competitive for binding sites with pentavalent arsenic and trivalent arsenic. The correlation coefficient of Langmuir isotherm model of pentavalent arsenic and trivalent arsenic adsorption process is larger than that of Freundlich adsorption model. The R<sup>2</sup>value of isotherm model is more than 0.99, which means it can be described by Langmuir isotherm model. The pentavalent arsenic and trivalent arsenic from magnetic litchi peel are adsorbed on the monomolecular layer from the adsorption state. The adsorption kinetics of magnetic litchi peel on arsenic solution can be described by the pseudo second order adsorption kinetics model, R<sup>2</sup>is higher than 0.99, and the theoretical and actual values approximate. In the process of the adsorption of trivalent arsenic and pentavalent arsenic by magnetic litchi peel, Gibbs free energy is less than zero, and the adsorption reaction is spontaneous. The Gibbs free energy of trivalent arsenic and pentavalent arsenic increases with temperature rising, and the adsorption process is easier to be carried out at low temperatures. In the process of the adsorption of trivalent arsenic and pentavalent arsenic by magnetic litchi peel, enthalpy change is less than zero, and the adsorption of 2 kinds of valence arsenic is exothermic reaction. The results can provide theoretical and data reference for the process of removing arsenic in fruit juice using modified litchi peel.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Magnetoplasma
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Adsorption isotherms - Arsenic - Binding sites - Enzyme kinetics - Free energy - Fruit juices - Fruits - Gibbs free energy - Infrared spectroscopy - Ions - Iron oxides - Isotherms - Kinetics - Magnetism - Magnetite - Mass spectrometry - Models - Scanning electron microscopy - Solutions
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption kinetics - Adsorption reaction - Arsenic concentration - Correlation coefficient - Experimental materials - Freundlich adsorption model - Langmuir isotherm models - Pseudo second order
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.00e-04kg/m3, Percentage 8.30e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20181505001245
Title:Influence of lignin content on pyrolysis characteristics of biomass based on part of lignin removal
Authors:Wu, Danyan (1); Xin, Shanzhi (2); Liu, Biao (1); Chen, Yingquan (1); Yang, Haiping (1); Wang, Xianhua (1); Chen, Hanping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University, Wuhan; 430056, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Haiping(yhping@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:193-197
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass pyrolysis is an important way for converting biomass to high-value products. Studies on pyrolysis behavior and products distribution of biomass are of great importance to the research on the interactions between 3 components of biomass. The interaction between lignin and holocellulose under the original cross-linking structure was firstly investigated, as well as the impact of the interaction on products' distribution. It offered theoretical basis to better understand pyrolysis of full components. This paper used sodium chlorite - acetic acid method to remove part of lignin of the peanut shell and walnut shell without removing holocellulose components. After different processing time, peanut shell and walnut shell with different lignin contents were obtained eventually. The pyrolysis of experimental sample was conducted in a fixed bed reactor with pyrolysis temperature of 300, 500, and 700℃, respectively. Materials and products characteristics were investigated with various testing approaches, such as elements analysis (Vario Micro cube, Germany), ultimate analysis, gas chromatography - mass spectrography (GC-MS) (7890A/5975C, Agilent, USA) and gas chromatography (micro GC 3000, Agilent, USA). The results showed that the solid yield increased with the increase of lignin content in sample at 300℃, while the liquid yield obviously decreased and gas yield decreased, too. With the temperature rising to 500 or 700℃, the solid yield visibly decreased compared with that at 300℃ and the solid yield almost didn't change at all with the increase of lignin content. Besides, there wasn't any decrease but slight increase of liquid yield at 500 and 700℃. With the lignin content of sample increasing, the proportion of CO<inf>2</inf>decreased significantly and CH<inf>4</inf>clearly increased while CO increased slightly and H<inf>2</inf>content almost didn't change at all with low content at 500℃. The reason to the decrease of CO<inf>2</inf>may be that lignin inhibited decarboxylation reaction during pyrolysis. When the temperature rose to 700℃, the content of H<inf>2</inf>suddenly increased compared with that at 500℃ and decreased with the increase of lignin content. Besides, the CO content increased significantly with the increase of lignin content and the variation tendency of CH<inf>4</inf>was consistent with that at 500℃. GC-MS analysis of pyrolysis oil at 500℃ showed that the relative amount of levoglucosan, which is the product of cellulose pyrolysis, gradually increased with the increase of lignin content while cellulose content gradually decreased. It indicated that lignin promoted the reaction of cellulose cracking into levoglucosan. Besides, the typical pyrolysis products of hemicellulose, such as hydroxyacetone and acetic acid, gradually decreased with lignin content increasing. Guaiacyl substituted derivative, the important lignin pyrolysis products, gradually increased with lignin increasing, while the trend of the yield of guaiacol, which is the primary pyrolysis product of lignin, turned out to be the opposite. It indicated that holocellulose slowed down the demethoxy reaction of guaiacyl and promoted removing reaction of lignin fatty hydrocarbon substituent. In conclusion, the study has the positive significance to understand the characteristics of products' formation and the results provide a theoretical basis for further usage of pyrolysis oil.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Lignin
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Biomass - Carbon dioxide - Carboxylation - Cellulose - Chemical reactors - Gas chromatography - Hydrocarbon refining - Materials testing - Oilseeds - pH - Pyrolysis - Shells (structures)
Uncontrolled terms:Cross-linking structures - Decarboxylation reactions - Holocellulose - Interaction - Materials and products - Products distributions - Pyrolysis characteristics - Sodium chlorite
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20181505001246
Title:Parameter optimization of corn stover blended with sawdust and sodium lignosulphonate compression experiments
Authors:Li, Weizhen (1, 2, 3); Jiang, Yang (1, 2, 3); Rao, Shu (4); Yin, Xiuli (1, 2, 3); Jiang, Enchen (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (2) CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (3) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (4) School of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Yang(jiangyang@ms.giec.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:198-203
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Transforming to fuels is the reasonable way of utilization for large amounts of corn stover in China. Blended material compression is one of the main directions for the further study of biomass compression technology. Because sawdust and sodium lignosulphonate have higher lignin content and a variety of active groups, corn stover blended with sawdust and sodium lignosulphonate is used as raw material in order to improve the quality of fuel. In this paper the compression characteristics of corn stover blended with sawdust and sodium lignosulphonate are studied, using central composite design of response surface method. The single-pellet compression experiments are conducted on the WD-100 type electronic pressure machine. The effects of parameters including sawdust content (0-40%), sodium lignosulphonate content (2%-10%), temperature (40-160℃), moisture content (4%-20%), and pressure (1-9 kN) on relaxed density, specific energy consumption, and radial maximum stress are studied in detail. In the range of parameters, the variation ranges of 3 technical indicators respectively are 883-1 201 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 5.25-23.18 kJ/kg, and 390-156 6 N. Through the regression analysis of experimental data, the response surface model is established. All the selected models of 3 technical indicators are adjusted quadratic models, and the models' adjusted R<sup>2</sup>values respectively are 0.868, 0.879 9, and 0.934 3, and predicted R<sup>2</sup>values respectively are 0.802 6, 0.783 5, and 0.895 6. Interaction analysis shows that temperature and moisture content, and moisture content and pressure have significant interaction effect on relaxed density, sodium lignosulphonate content and temperature, as well as radial maximum stress. After reaching a certain temperature, the increase of water content has little effect on the relaxed density. For example, when the temperature reaches 140℃ and the water content is more than 8%, if increasing the water content continually, the relaxed density has no obvious change and is about 1 150 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. When the water content reaches a certain level, the increase of pressure has little effect on the relaxed density. For example, when the water content reaches 14% and the pressure is greater than 6 kN, if increasing the pressure continually, the relaxed density has no obvious change and is about 1 100 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. When the temperature is less than 100℃, the effect of sodium lignosulphonate content on radial maximum stress is small. Otherwise, the sodium lignosulphonate content has great effect on radial maximum stress. The simultaneous increase of temperature and moisture can keep radial maximum stress constant. When the pressure keeps constant and water content increases, the radial maximum stress decreases. While water content keeps constant and pressure increases, the radial maximum stress reaches the maximum and then slightly decreases. According to the biomass fuel standards, the technical indicators are set as follows: Relaxed density is not less than 1000 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, and specific energy consumption reaches the minimum in the optimization process. The calculated optimal parameters are sawdust content of 10.15%, sodium lignosulphonate content of 8%, temperature of 95.83℃, moisture content of 15.83%, and pressure of 3 kN, and the prediction values of 3 technical indicators respectively are 1012 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 7.81 kJ/kg, and 737.4 N. The verification values respectively are 1 054 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 8.02 kJ/kg, and 685 N through validation experiment, and the prediction error is within 8%. This shows the regression model has good reference value to guide the production of biomass pellets.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Sodium
Controlled terms:Biomass - Energy utilization - Fueling - Fuels - High pressure effects - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization - Pelletizing - Regression analysis - Sawdust - Straw - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Central composite designs - Compression characteristics - Compression experiments - Compression technologies - Pellet - Response surface method - Response surface modeling - Specific energy consumption
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.00e+03N to 9.00e+03N, Force 3.00e+03N, Force 3.90e+02N to 1.57e+03N, Force 6.00e+03N, Force 6.85e+02N, Force 7.37e+02N, Mass_Density 1.00e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.01e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.05e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.10e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.15e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.83e+02kg/m3 to 1.20e+03kg/m3, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 4.00e+01%, Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00% to 1.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Specific_Energy 5.25e+03J/kg to 2.32e+04J/kg, Specific_Energy 7.81e+03J/kg, Specific_Energy 8.02e+03J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20181505001220
Title:Spatial distribution characteristics and construction occupancy zoning of cultivated land quality in Xiongan New Area
Authors:Gao, Xing (1, 2, 3); Chen, Jing (1, 3); Liu, Lei (1, 3); Han, Fang (1, 3); Nie, Chengjing (1, 3); Liu, Danning (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Management of Virtue and the Rule of Law, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China; (3) Institute of Land Resource Utilization and Evaluation, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China; (4) The Third Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang; 050031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Xiong'an New Area was set up on April 1, 2017 and became a hot spot for scholars. This research aimed to distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality gradation in the Xiong'an New Area, to provide the scientific basis for construction land selection. This paper discussed the spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality gradation, and analyzed the characteristics and average grade of cultivated land quality at different spatial scales, as well as the spatial agglomeration characteristics of cultivated land quality gradation, on the basis of cultivated land quality gradation complement results and land use change database, using spatial statistical analysis of ArcGIS, area-weighted average method, mean dichotomy method, and partial autocorrelation method, and as a basis for the zoning of cultivated land occupied by construction land. The agricultural acreage of Xiong'an New Area was 88 894.63 hm<sup>2</sup>. This research showed that the quality of cultivated land in the New Area was distributed from Grade 6 to Grade 14, and the average grade was 9.42, slightly higher than that in Hebei Province. Deviation value of cultivated land was from -3.42 to 4.58, with the lower dispersion in north and east part and higher dispersion in central and south part of the New Area. Cultivated land quality showed the high positive correlation in spatial distribution, LL type (Higher aggregation type) was distributed in the northeast and southwest, and HH type (lower aggregation type) was distributed in the northwestern, eastern and southern parts of the region. There was no obvious concentration area of HL and LH type (negative correlation type). Based on the results of local spatial autocorrelation, the occupancy rule of arable land by construction land was made, and the priority occupancy area, reserved occupancy area, maintained area of cultivated land, and river system regulation and control area were delimited, which were the recommended cultivated land occupied by construction land. The quality grade of cultivated land in the priority occupancy area was from 10 to 14, with the area of 40 981.03 hm<sup>2</sup>, occupying 26.4% of the total area, mainly distributed in the northern part of the New Area, closer to Rongcheng and Xiongzhou Town. The quality grade of cultivated land in the reserved occupancy area was from 9 to 11, with the area of 57 304.07 hm<sup>2</sup>, occupying 36.92% of the total area. The quality of cultivated land in the maintained area of cultivated land was from 6 to 9, with an area of 39 008.29 hm<sup>2</sup>, occupying 25.13% of the whole area, mainly distributed in the northeast and south of the New Area. The river system regulation and control areas were mainly distributed around the Baiyang Lake, occupying 11.55% of the total area. Through the rationality analysis, the recommended partition result is considered to be credible. Based on these results, the paper suggests that the low grade cultivated land should be occupied in priority, and the high grade cultivated land should be protected.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Autocorrelation - Dispersions - Land use - Quality control - Scales (weighing instruments) - Spatial variables measurement - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated land qualities - Distribution characteristics - Land consolidations - Land quality - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial statistical analysis - Weighted average method - Xiongan New Area
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 2.51e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 3.69e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20181505001249
Title:Remediation effect of Cd polluted paddy soil evaluated by grain Cd reduction rate and marginal efficiency
Authors:Zheng, Han (1); An, Ping (2); Duan, Shuhui (3); Wang, Meng (1); Li, Shanshan (1, 4); Li, Xiaoyue (1, 4); Meng, Nan (1); Chen, Shibao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) CSSC Nanjing Lüzhou Environment Protection Co., Ltd, Nanjing; 210039, China; (3) Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha; 410010, China; (4) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Shibao(chenshibao@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:217-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cadmium (Cd) pollution in paddy soil is becoming an increasingly serious issue in China. A nationwide survey in China revealed that Cd is the most frequently detected heavy metal in soil and 7% of the investigated site soil is contaminated by Cd. Cadmium is accumulated in plants more readily than most other metals, and can be translocated into the edible parts (cereal grains) and causes health risk through the food chain. Numerous efforts have been paid for remediation of heavy metal polluted soil in China in past decades. In present, development of high efficiency and low cost remediation materials and keeping the consistency of pot and field experiments results are still the technical difficulties for in-situ remediation of heavy metal polluted soils. In this study, two rice cultivars characterized with Cd-sensitive cultivar (JH212) and Cd-enrichment cultivar (XS09) were used, and the red earth from Hunan province and paddy soil from Zhejiang province polluted by Cd were also collected for pot experiment, while the field validation experiment were simultaneously conducted to investigate the remediation efficiency of different amendments (including: amendment from rock foundation FS, clay mineral AT and humus WG) on Cd polluted soils, the remediation efficiency was evaluated by rice grain Cd reduction rate (%), the DTPA-extracted fraction of Cd in soil and remediation marginal cost. The results indicated that the Cd uptake and translocation by the rice cultivars were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the soil amendment applications. For the pot experiment, compared with control (CK), the maximum Cd reduction rate of rice grain for the tested rice cultivars reached 65.3% and 61.4% for red earth from Hunan province and paddy soil from Zhejiang province, respectively. In field condition, the maximum Cd reduction rate of rice grain for the tested rice cultivars reached 61.8% and 60.1%, respectively for the above two type of polluted soils. In terms of the Cd-sensitive rice cultivars, higher remediation efficiency was generally observed for Cd-enrichment cultivar (XS09) than that for Cd-sensitive cultivar (JH212) for both soil types and culture condition (i.e. pot experiment and field validation experiment). In general, the rice grain Cd reduction rate reached 41.6%-65.3% for the two rice cultivars compared with the control after amendments, and the rice grain Cd reduction rate for Cd-enrichment cultivar (XS09) were generally higher than that for Cd-sensitive cultivar (JH212), and the rice grain Cd reduction efficiency for red earth were generally higher (P<0.05) than that for paddy soil among the treatments. The remediation efficiency followed the order of AT>WG≈FS based on rice grain Cd reduction efficiency. The remediation marginal efficiency (RME) (defined as rice grain Cd reduction rate based on 1 500 yuan cost per hectare) for the tested soils ranged from 9.10% to 15.4%. The highest RME was observed with AT, followed with WG and FS treatment. By considering the rice grain Cd reduction rate and remediation marginal efficiency, the remediation effect of Cd polluted soil for different amendments ordered as AT>WG>FS.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Cadmium - Chemical contamination - Cost reduction - Efficiency - Grain (agricultural product) - Health risks - Heavy metals - Minerals - Pollution - Remediation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Amendments - Heavy metal polluted soils - In-situ remediation - Reduction efficiency - Reduction rate - Remediation efficiency - Rice - Technical difficulties
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.7 Health Care - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.16e+01% to 6.53e+01%, Percentage 6.01e+01%, Percentage 6.14e+01%, Percentage 6.18e+01%, Percentage 6.53e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+00% to 1.54e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20181505001261
Title:Performance and bonding mechanism of soy protein adhesives modified by basalt fiber
Authors:Sun, Enhui (1, 2); Wu, Guofeng (1, 2); Zhang, Zhang (3); Jin, Hongmei (1, 2); Xu, Yueding (1, 2); Ye, Xiaomei (1, 2); Huang, Hongying (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) Jiangsu Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Industrial Products Testing Center, Nanjing; 210000, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Hongying(sfmicrolab@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nowadays, the "three-formaldehyde" adhesives are faced with more and more outstanding problem since resources shortage and the threat of serious environmental pollution to human beings are aggravating. In order to reduce usage of formaldehyde adhesives in plywood, the soybean adhesive is gaining increasing attention because of its reproducibility and pollution-free feature. However, chemical modified soybean adhesive can not meet the demands of the woody adhesive industry market because of lower adhesive strength and water resistance, and pollution property. In this study, in order to enhance utilization value of soybean protein and develop environment-friendly woody adhesive, a new approach for improving the adhesion performance of modified soybean protein adhesive has been studied. The modified soybean protein adhesive was prepared as a new kind of waterproof adhesive to make plywood. For modified adhesive, soybean protein isolate (SPI) was used as main raw bonding material, and water resistance and bonding strength of modified soybean protein adhesive were enhanced by adding basalt fiber (BF). Hence, mechanical properties, rheological properties and morphological structure of the modified soybean adhesives were analyzed to determine the water resistance, and at the same time, relevant bonding mechanism was discussed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results revealed the bonding strength with drying and wetting has been increasing with the gradual improvement of BF dosage. During the test, the measured drying bonding strength value of BF/SPI-5% (the mass of BF was 5% of that of SPI) was 2.15 MPa, while the wetting bonding strength was 0.92 MPa. The measurement of wetting bonding strength referred to the GB/T 17657-2013 and the wetting bonding strength could be as high as 1.05 MPa, while the wood compression rate was only 14.92%, which was confirmed by the pilot-scale experimental research, and the results further verify the BF/SPI modification adhesive has a good stability and practicability too. It was found that the shear elasticity was increased according to the result of the rheological behavior. FTIR analysis showed that a new compound structure could be formed with the interaction between BF and soybean protein molecule, and this consequence was confirmed by DSC. And adding small amount of BF led to relatively stable continuous phase in the soybean protein adhesive matrix, as shown in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Experimental results confirm that lower dosage BF is beneficial for increasing tack-up reticular structure, which can block up water immersion effectively, and thus greatly improve the bonding strength. In addition, the synthesis process of modified soybean protein adhesive does not need higher temperature. What is more, it has small energy consumption, no waste water, no waste gas, and no waste residue discharge, which are perfectly in accordance with national industrial policy. In conclusion, the research can provide a reference for BF/SPIA application in plywood industry and scientific basis for accelerating the development of environment-friendly woody adhesive.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fiber bonding
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Basalt - Biosynthesis - Chemical bonds - Differential scanning calorimetry - Diffusion bonding - Energy policy - Energy utilization - Fibers - Formaldehyde - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Plywood - Proteins - Rheology - Scanning electron microscopy - Water pollution - Wetting - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Bonding strength - Environmental pollutions - Environmentally protection - Fourier transform infrared spectrometer - Rheological property - Soy protein isolates - Soybean protein adhesive - Soybean protein isolates (SPI)
Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.8 Biotechnology - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.6 Energy Policy - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 931.1 Mechanics - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.49e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Pressure 1.05e+06Pa, Pressure 2.15e+06Pa, Pressure 9.20e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20181505001239
Title:Vertical distribution of chlorophyll in potato plants based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors:Sun, Hong (1); Zheng, Tao (1); Liu, Ning (1); Cheng, Meng (1); Li, Minzan (1); Zhang, Qin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Center for Precision & Automated Agricultural System, Washington State University, Prosser; WA; 99350, United States
Corresponding author:Li, Minzan(limz@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:149-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To monitor the potato growth status, the chlorophyll content was involved and its vertical distribution was detected at different leaf positions in plants. In this paper, the experiment was conducted during flowering stage of potato in the greenhouse of School of Water Conservancy and Engineering, China Agricultural University in June 2017. The potato leaf samples were randomly collected at 3 leaf positions (upper, middle, lower) of different potato plants. Then the hyper-spectral data of 66 potato leaf samples were divided into 400 regions of interesting (ROIs) and the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) values of the corresponding leaf positions were measured, of which 140 were taken from the upper part of the leaves and both 130 from the middle and lower leaves. The chlorophyll distribution was analyzed based on the vertical leaf position. The results indicated that its spectral reflectance in the range of 382-700 nm increased with the rise of the position. In the range of 700-1019 nm, the reflectance at the lower leaf position was higher than that at the upper and middle leaves, and the mean values of SPAD were 36.41, 43.11, and 47.04, respectively, at lower, upper and middle position. The black and white corrections of the potato leaf sample images collected using the hyperspectral imaging system were performed. After extracting and calculating the average leaf spectrum of the chlorophyll measurement area, the spectral data were pretreated by the standard normal variable (SNV) correction method, and then 2 sensitive wavelength selection methods were applied to built the chlorophyll content estimation models. The 12 wavelengths were chosen by using the correlation coefficient (CC) analysis and the 11 wavelengths were selected by the random frog (RF) algorithm. The results from the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model showed that 12 sensitive wavelengths selected by the CC analysis method were mainly located in the range of 530-550 and 706-708 nm. And in the PLSR, the modeling determination coefficient was 0.7588, and the predictive determination coefficient was 0.5773. Meanwhile, based on the RF algorithm, 11 sensitive wavelengths were 554.62, 560.26, 575.04, 576.35, 595.09, 604.7, 649.44, 731.8, 752.78, 786.38, and 789.97 nm. The modeling determination coefficient of the PLSR prediction model built with these wavelengths was 0.842 3, and the predictive determination coefficient was 0.767 6. Thus, the chlorophyll content of each leaf of potato was calculated by RF-PLS model, and the visual distribution of chlorophyll content in potato leaves was plotted. The results showed that the hyperspectral imaging could reflect the dynamic response of potato chlorophyll in flowering stage and achieve the non-destructive detection of potato leaf chlorophyll content and the visual expression of chlorophyll distribution.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Hyperspectral imaging
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Crops - Least squares approximations - Plants (botany) - Reflection - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll distribution - Chlorophyll measurements - Determination coefficients - Leaf chlorophyll content - Nondestructive detection - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Potato plants - Vertical distributions
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.82e-07m to 7.00e-07m, Size 7.00e-07m to 1.02e-06m, Size 7.06e-07m to 7.08e-07m, Size 7.90e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20181505001238
Title:Characteristic analysis of drought for corn based on information diffusion and fractal technology
Authors:Chen, Haitao (1); Duan, Chunqing (2); Qiu, Lin (1); Chen, Xiaonan (3); Wang, Wenchuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (2) Beijing Water Affairs Centre for Suburbs, Beijing; 100195, China; (3) Administration of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xiaonan(chenxiaonan@nsbd.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:141-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is significant to research the drought occurring and extent regularities to provide technical supports for disasters prevention. The new meteorological drought evaluation index was suggested, which fully considered the matching degree between precipitation process and crop water requirement. Based on daily mean temperature and precipitation data from 1951 to 2010, the meteorological drought occurring features for corn in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province were analyzed by the fractal analysis method. Meanwhile, the crop production loss caused by drought was calculated based on information diffusion technology, according to the unit yield data of corn in Xi'an from 1949 to 2015. Firstly, the values of meteorological drought extent for corn in historical year were calculated by the new meteorological drought index. According to the rescaled range analysis method, the trend values of meteorological drought extent for corn were calculated and the time characteristics were analyzed. The occurrence time of meteorological drought had fractal characteristics. The rescaled range method could achieve good results when the number of samples was about 14 according to a large number of tests. In the past 60 years, the meteorological droughts occurred for 30 times in Xi'an, once every 2 years on average. From 2001 to 2010, the frequency increased to once every 1.25 years on average. The extent of meteorological drought for corn mainly showed a very slow upward trend, and the Hurst index for meteorological drought extent sequence was 0.930 7. Secondly, according to the moving average method improved by information diffusion technology, the values of trend production of corn were calculated. The tendency of trend production of corn was described by information diffusion regression method. On basis of trend production calculation, the values of yield reduction rate of corn that were considered to reflect the extent of crop drought were analyzed by information diffusion fitting technology. The trend yield of corn increased in fluctuation, and the average trend yield of corn from 2011 to 2015 was 5 468 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The crop drought degree showed a slow downward trend. Comparing the extent of meteorological drought and the features of crop drought for corn in Xi'an, it was found that the correlation between the meteorological drought degree of corn and the drought degree of crops was not obvious, but their cycles of change were basically the same, and after treatment by using information diffusion technology, the trend presented a feature of alternation of obvious peaks and troughs. Finally, the meteorological drought degree in Xi'an in 2023, which is about the fortieth drought year, is estimated to be about 1.2. The yield loss is estimated at about 1.35%, according to the current drought resistance ability and technical level, and the estimated corn yield per unit area is about 5 394 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. This research is of guiding implications to the prevention of disaster and yield reduction of corn in Xi'an City.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Disaster prevention - Disasters - Fractals - Meteorology - Precipitation (chemical) - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drought - Characteristic analysis - Crop water requirements - Fractal characteristics - Information diffusion - Meteorological drought - Moving average method - Rescaled range analysis
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.25e+00yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 6.00e+01yr, Percentage 1.35e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20181505001230
Title:Effect of fertilizer type and concentration on sediment transport capacity of dripper in drip fertigation with muddy water
Authors:Guan, Yahui (1, 3, 5); Niu, Wenquan (1, 2); Liu, Lu (2); Li, Xuekai (4); Zhang, Wenqian (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science & Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (4) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Wenquan(nwq@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:78-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Emitter clogging has been an important factor restricting the application of drip irrigation system. In order to improve the anti-clogging ability of the dripper, the front part of the drip irrigation system needs to be equipped with multi-stage filtration equipment or facilities. This study investigated the effect of different fertilizers on the sediment transport capacity during the integrated irrigation of muddy water with fertilizer in order to make rational allocation of filtration equipment and facilities of the first drip irrigation system, to reduce the cost of filtration facilities and to improve the efficiency of drip irrigation system. A total of 3 kinds of fertilizers (urea, potassium sulfate and water-soluble compound fertilizer) as well as 3 different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) were chosen to carry out intermittent irrigation clogging test in muddy water with the sediment concentration of 1 g/L. The accumulated sediment, discharge sediment of drippers and rate of discharge sediment for drippers were analyzed. Tap water was applied as the test water. Experimental sediment was taken from river flood beach silts along Weihe River in Shaanxi Yangling. The working pressure of this test was set to 70 kPa based on the preliminary experiment results. In order to increase irrigation times of this experiment, the test stopped when the average relative flow rate was below 70%. The test also stopped after 20 times of irrigation even though the relative flow rate was still above 70%. The results showed that the application of muddy water could enhance the sediment transport capacity of dripper. Different types and concentrations of fertilizer had different effects on the sediment transport capacity of dripper. Sediment transport capacity of dripper increased with rising urea concentrations. Compared with no fertilization treatment, when the urea concentration was 3%, the capacity value increased by 11% (P<0.05). Sediment transport capacity of dripper decreased with the rising concentrations of potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer. As the concentration of potassium sulfate was 1%, the sediment transport capacity of dripper was significantly higher than that without fertilization(P<0.05) but as the concentration of compound fertilizer was above 2%, sediment transport capacity of dripper was lower than no fertilizer treatment. The slope of the fitted straight line between the standardized accumulated sediment and the standardized accumulated irrigation amount could be used as the evaluation index for sediment transport capacity of dripper. The smaller the slope indicated that as the irrigation volume increased, the output of sediment of the dripper was lower, and the sediment transport capacity of dripper was also lower. The dripper was more likely to be clogged. Discharge sediment for drippers increased with the increasing frequency of irrigation. At the later stage of irrigation, its growth slowed down. Fertilization increased the maximum value of discharge sediment for drippers. With the increase of irrigation times, the rate of discharge sediment for drippers gradually decreased. After applying urea, rate of discharge sediment for drippers decreased with increasing irrigation times. After applying urea in the muddy water, the viscosity coefficient of irrigation water decreased with the increase of fertilizer concentration, while it increased with the rising concentration of compound fertilizer. After applying potassium sulfate in muddy water, the coefficient of irrigation water viscosity was higher than that without fertilization. The fertilizer concentration was an important factor that affected drip sediment output capacity. Appropriate fertilization concentration should be determined according to different types of fertilizers. The results provide valuable information for determining the anti-clogging strategy of dripper and improving the sediment transport capacity of dripper to guide integrated drip irrigation of water and fertilizer with high sediment concentration in the Yellow River irrigated area.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Fertilizers - Metabolism - Potash - Rivers - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Sediments - Stages - Sulfur compounds - Urea - Urea fertilizers - Viscosity - Water - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation systems - Dripper - Fertigations - Intermittent irrigations - Muddy waters - Sediment concentration - Sediment transport capacity - Water soluble compounds
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Pressure 7.00e+04Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20181505001252
Title:Temporal and spatial dynamic changes and driving forces analysis of wetland landscape of Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration
Authors:Zhang, Meng (1, 2); Zeng, Yongnian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China; (2) Center for Geomatics and Regional Sustainable Development Research, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Yongnian(ynzeng@mail.csu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:241-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Urban wetland is an important ecological base of urban agglomeration, and is crucial to the ecological environment of the city. In this study, we selected Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration as the study area. The time series Landsat data and phenology characteristics, as well as the random forest algorithm with object-oriented method were employed to get wetland landscape data of Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration. Then, the Markov matrix, landscape pattern index, and mass migration method were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes characteristics of wetland landscape. And we also analyzed the driving forces of wetland degradation by logistics regression model. The results showed that: 1) The major wetland type was paddy field, followed by river and pond, and lake and sedge marsh areas were relatively small, and the areas of these wetland types were 3008.32, 179.98, 48.20, 4.96, and 4.85 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Wetlands were mainly distributed outside the city suburbs, hills and valleys, or areas with relatively dense irrigation facilities. Wetlands were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest of the study area, and the area in the northeast and southeast was relatively small. 2) The total wetland area of Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration during 2000-2015 was decreased by about 231.12 km<sup>2</sup>. Among them, the reduction of paddy field was the most intense, which reached 227.38 km<sup>2</sup>. There was a great deal of conversion between wetlands and non-wetland landscape types, as well as the conversion between wetland types. 3) In the past 16 years, the coordinates of the centers of mass of the 4 wetland types have been shifted obviously. The migration of the mass centers of the river and pond was the most obvious, while the center of mass of the lake was relatively stable. The center of mass of the lake moved eastward firstly and then northward. 4) The mean patch area of the river in the study area was the largest, followed by paddy fields, lakes, ponds and sedge marsh. The landscape fragmentation of paddy field, ponds and sedge marsh was higher than other wetland types, the patch shape of sedge marsh and ponds was the most complicated, and the aggregation index of paddy field and ponds was relatively higher than others. The landscape patch number, shape index and Shannon diversity index of study area were obviously increased, while the aggregation index decreased significantly. 5) The reduction of precipitation and increasing of temperature coupled with the high intensity of human disturbance were the main reasons to wetland degeneration in recent years in Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration. The change of temperature in study area was gentle, and it had a relatively less significant influence on wetland area change than precipitation. Among the social economic factors affecting the wetland change of Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration during 2000-2015, the most important was the urbanization rate index, and Wald statistic (reflecting contribution rate) was 9.82. Another major economic factor was GDP (gross domestic product) per capita, with Wald statistic of 9.27. The resident population was also an important factor of wetland change, with Wald statistic of 7.85.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Wetlands
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Decision trees - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Extraction - Lakes - Ponds - Population statistics - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Rivers
Uncontrolled terms:Climate - Human activities - Landscape - Landscape pattern indices - Random forest algorithm - Spatial and temporal changes - Temporal and spatial dynamics - Urban agglomerations
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.60e+01yr, Area 2.27e+08m2, Area 2.31e+08m2, Area 4.85e+06m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20181505001222
Title:Design of automatic navigation operation system for Lovol ZP9500 high clearance boom sprayer based on GNSS
Authors:Liu, Zhaopeng (1); Zhang, Zhigang (1); Luo, Xiwen (1); Wang, Hui (1); Huang, Peikui (1); Zhang, Jian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhigang(zzg208@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:15-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Automatic navigation operation has become an inevitable trend as the development of agricultural machinery and equipment. To realize the sprayer working in field with the minimal manual intervention and avoid the pesticide injury to human in manual operation, on the basis of electrification transformation of the spray machine, Lovol high clearance boom sprayer ZP9500, the automatic navigation operation system was developed based on RTK-GNSS (real-time kinematic - global navigation satellite system). Electro-hydraulic steering system with a proportional flow control valve was equipped on ZP9500, and an angle sensor was coaxially connected to steering knuckle arms, realizing the closed-loop control system for steering. For the same advantage to throttle system, a push-rod electric machine with travel sensor was installed, and the push-rod was connected to accelerator via wire rope. Installed in parallel, 2 electromagnetic relays were connected to the electronic switch of vehicle clutch and spray pump respectively, and 3 electric two-way valves were connected to 3 spray bar switches. So, the steering, accelerator, vehicle travelling, spraying and sprinkling width of sprayer could be operated in electric control. GNSS receiver with double satellite antennas and inertial sensor component, were applied in the system as the crucial position and orientation measurement equipment. Based on the hardware platform, the path planning strategy, automatic navigation controller and automatic operation controller were developed. The automatic navigation controller could guide the vehicle along the planned path generated by path planning strategy, and complete straight line tracking and headland turning. The curve tracking controller was designed based on pure pursuit model, and the linear path tracking controller was designed based on states feedback of lateral error, yaw angle and speed. And the operation controller could realize the vehicle start or stop, spraying, amplitude adjustment and speed switch control automatically according to different working conditions,such as RTK signal out of order, vehicle headland turning, and spraying operation completed. To verify the reliability and accuracy of the automatic operation system, at the speed of 1.3 m/s, the test was carried out in the field of cement pavement, dry farmland and paddy field. Due to the difference of field size and setting width, 4 rows were planned in cement pavement, 5 rows were planned in dry farmland, and 4 rows were planned in paddy field. Test result showed that: 1) The navigation operation system could automatically guide the spraying machine to complete the spraying operation in field, the switch between straight line tracking and curve tracking was smooth, and all the functions performed reliably. 2) The tracking accuracy and stability, and lateral position deviation were consistent in the same farmland, but in different conditions, it showed obvious differences. On cement pavement, when swinging on rough road, the vehicle rolling angle was from -1.6℃ to 1.5℃, the maximum tracking error of the lateral direction was 3.9 cm, the average error of each row was from -1.0 to 0.4 cm, and the standard deviation of deviation of each row was 0.8-1.4 cm. In dry farmland, the vehicle rolling angle was from -1.4℃ to 3.3℃, the maximum tracking error was 9.8 cm, the average error of each row was from 0.9 to 1.9 cm, and the standard deviation of deviation of each row was between 2.1 and 4.6 cm. In paddy field, the vehicle rolling angle was from -2.4℃ to 5.2℃, the maximum tracking error was 17.5 cm, the average error of each row was between 1.4 and 2.9 cm, and the standard deviation of deviation of each row was between 3.0 and 5.2 cm. 3) By studying the tracking error and the rolling angle of each row, the maximum tracking error had significant negative correlation with the maximum rolling angle, and their negative correlation coefficient was 0.914. Meanwhile, the standard deviation of tracking error and the maximum rolling angle had the same characteristic relationship, and their negative correlation coefficient was 0.947.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Global positioning system
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automatic guidance (agricultural machinery) - Automobile steering equipment - Banks (bodies of water) - Cements - Closed loop control systems - Control engineering - Controllers - Electric machine control - Electric relays - Errors - Farms - Hydraulic machinery - Motion planning - Navigation - Pavements - Satellite antennas - Setting - Statistics - Steering
Uncontrolled terms:Amplitude adjustment - Electromagnetic relays - Global Navigation Satellite Systems - Negative correlation - Path tracking - Proportional flow control valves - Sprayer - Steering knuckle arms
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 412.1 Cement - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 704.1 Electric Components - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 731.2 Control System Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size -1.00e-02m to 4.00e-03m, Size 1.40e-02m to 2.90e-02m, Size 1.75e-01m, Size 2.10e-02m to 4.60e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m to 5.20e-02m, Size 3.90e-02m, Size 8.00e-03m to 1.40e-02m, Size 9.00e-03m to 1.90e-02m, Size 9.80e-02m, Velocity 1.30e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20181505001258
Title:Forced-air pre-cooling of different temperatures and its effects on cold storage of Cucurbita pepo
Authors:Ji, Lili (1); Liang, Yunzhi (1); Chen, Cunkun (2); Dong, Chenghu (2); Yu, Jinze (2); Ji, Haipeng (2); Wang, Chengrong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (2) National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin; 300384, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chengrong(qauwcr@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:287-293
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to extend the freshness period of post-harvest Cucurbita pepo and lessen the consumption of nutrient substance, this study aims to determine the cold preservation effects of forced-air pre-cooling at different temperatures on post-harvest Cucurbita pepo. In the experiments, the pre-cooling temperatures were set at -3, 0, 3 and 6℃, while the target cold preservation temperature was 10℃. The sample was examined every 4 days to determine a variety of indices. The results indicate that the pre-cooling rate at 6℃ is the slowest and that at -3℃ the fastest. At the end of cold preservation period (on the 16th day), the ascent percentages of malondialdehyde (MDA) at 0 and 3℃ pre-cooling treatment are 66.76% and 71.63% respectively, when compared to the content before the cold preservation period, which are significantly lower than that of the other 2 treatments; the descent levels of firmness in the 4 groups (-3, 0, 3 and 6℃) are 9.89%, 7.46%, 7.89% and 11.19% individually; catalase (CAT) activity of 4 groups on the 16th day is 16.25, 19.79, 17.58 and 16.63 U/(min·g), respectively; at the same time, the falling ranges of vitamin C content are 32.61%, 20.65%, 26.09% and 30.87% and the relative contents of aldehydes at the end of period are 69.94%, 76.33%, 71.47% and 70.97% respectively. When compared to -3 and 6℃ pre-cooling groups, temperatures between 0 and 3℃ were seen to provide the optimal cold preservation effects on Cucurbita pepo, as the respiration and ethylene production rates are lower at these temperatures, which is helpful in decreasing the senescence rate and prolonging the shelf life of these vegetables, and this temperature range effectively delays the decline rate of firmness. Moreover, the accumulation of MDA and the extent of tissue damage are both inhibited at a pre-cooling temperature from 0 to 3℃. Additionally, the pre-cooling treatment at 0 and 3℃ is also shown to inhibit peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and maintain a higher level of CAT activity, which assists in reducing reactive metabolism damage by removing reactive oxygen and free radicals. In contrast, pre-cooling temperatures of -3 and 6℃ demonstrate higher respiration rates and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity rises rapidly in the second half of the cold preservation period, during which APX activity at 0 and 3℃ pre-cooling remains markedly more stable. And the chilling injury appears when the pre-cooling temperature is -3℃, and there are lots of stains on the surface of Cucurbita pepo in -3℃ treatment. In conclusion, this study finds that the most suitable pre-cooling temperature range for Cucurbita pepo is from 0 to 3℃ and therefore this research can provide technological and theoretical support for the development of cold-chain technology of Cucurbita pepo.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Thermal processing (foods)
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Cold storage - Cooling - Enzyme activity - Ethylene - Free radicals - Temperature - Vitamins
Uncontrolled terms:Air pre-cooling - Ascorbate peroxidase - Cucurbita pepo - Ethylene production - Preservation period - Respiration rate - Temperature range - Vitamin c contents
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 2.06e+01%, Percentage 2.61e+01%, Percentage 3.09e+01%, Percentage 3.26e+01%, Percentage 6.68e+01%, Percentage 6.99e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%, Percentage 7.15e+01%, Percentage 7.16e+01%, Percentage 7.46e+00%, Percentage 7.63e+01%, Percentage 7.89e+00%, Percentage 9.89e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20181505001248
Title:Spatial-temporal change of Urumqi urban land use and land cover based on grid cell approach
Authors:Maitiniyazi, Maimaitijiang (1); Kasimu, Alimujiang (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Institute of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi; 830054, China; (3) Center of Silk Road Belt Urbanization Development Study, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi; 830054, China
Corresponding author:Kasimu, Alimujiang(alimkasim@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:210-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Urbanization is one of the inevitable processes due to economic development and rapid population growth. It has been an important component of land use and land cover change. This study investigated the spatial-temporal change of land use and land cover in Urumqi based on grid cell approach. Urumqi is the capital and the centre of culture, economy and transportation in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, located in north-western China and characterized by an arid landscape. By using Landsat images from 1990, 2000 and 2011, land use and land cover information on Urumqi city were extracted. The land use and land cover data were apportioned to the grid cells with the size of 250 m×250 m per cell to quantify the area and percentage of change in land cover types in each cell. The sum of the land cover type area of all pixels that overlaid with the cell was divided by the area of the cell as the percentage of a land cover type within a cell. The land use and land cover vector maps of Urumqi city were then drawn. Based on these vector maps, the proportion of each land cover category within a grid cell area were calculated. Finally, we analyzed the spatial-temporal changing characteristics of land use and land cover of Urumqi city from 1990 to 2011 and its driving factors using the proportional land cover maps. The transforming and replacing relationship between different land cover categories were analyzed as well based on the correlation and regression methods. The result showed that: 1) from 1990 to 2011, Urumqi city experienced rapid expansion. A large amount of bare land and green land were converted into construction land. The construction land increased from 157.37 km<sup>2</sup>in 1990 to 444.89 km<sup>2</sup>in 2011. The bare land declined continuously from the percentage of 75.13% in 1990 to 49.79% in 2011. The green land had slight decline in 2000 and then increased to 402.80 km<sup>2</sup>in 2011. The water body was slightly increased. 2) Land use and land cover showed different changing trends in different area and directions within the study area due to the impacts of topography, policy, urban planning, road system and so on. 3) The correlation between change in the construction land area and that in the bare land area was negative about -0.7 and that between that in the construction land and the green land was about -0.2. The correlation between green land and the bare land was about -0.5. Thus, the change in construction land area and green land area was caused by the bare land area change. Based on the grid cell approach, we cannot only analyze the overall changing characteristics of land use, but precisely quantify the spatial-temporal changing characteristics of different areas and directions within the study region and its driving factors. The data based on the grid unit can better provide valuable information for the current urban development in Urumqi and can better predict the future urban development.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Cells - Cytology - Highway planning - Population statistics - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:Economic development - Grid cells - Land use and land cover - Land use and land cover change - Rapid population growth - Spatial-temporal changes - Urbanization - Urumqi city
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 432.1 Highway Transportation, General - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.57e+08m2, Area 1.99e+09m2 to 4.45e+08m2, Area 4.03e+08m2, Percentage 1.99e+03% to 4.98e+01%, Percentage 7.51e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20181505001243
Title:Temporal and spatial law of promotion center moving and diffusion of excellent maize varieties
Authors:Liu, Zhe (1); Qu, Yiwei (1); Zhao, Zuliang (1); Li, Shaoming (1); Zhang, Xiaodong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shaoming(lshaoming@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:178-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Finding the suitable planting environment for the maize variety plays a decisive role in crop varieties precision marketing. New varieties need to adapt to the promotion environment quickly and be supposed to behave well. However, the performance of crop variety during field production results from genotype effect, environment effect, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) effect. So far, the performance of varieties has showed great difference in the promotion stage. On the one hand, the excellent promoted varieties are not sufficient. The analysis methods of characteristics and attributions are still in the initial stage and the index definition varies differently. On the other hand, the laws of characteristics of the excellent maize variety performance have not been fully excavated. For most of the varieties, which have gone through the national regional test, variety certification and screening, the characteristics and rules have not been fully mined. Therefore, many approved varieties have not been accepted by the market in different spatial scales. In this paper, based on the data of the cultivated area of the varieties that have been approved and entered into the promotion period from 1982 to 2012, we fit and verify the applicability of Gaussian model in the province scale. Firstly, we provide a classification method, which helps to find out the excellent promoted varieties and explore the rule of promotion center transformation and diffusion from the different spatial scales. We select the maize varieties whose planting area has reached 6.67 million hectare or more and the promotion time is more than 5 years, and the life cycle curve of variety is fitted in both national and provincial scales. Secondly, we classify the varieties and choose the excellent varieties combined with spatial information, discovering the rules that the excellent maize varieties can be divided into 2 categories, which are big varieties, which should be promoted in most of the provinces with larger area and longer time across the country and reflect the universal suitability, and regional special varieties, which should be promoted in only limited provinces with larger area and longer time and reflect the special suitability. Last but not the least, the method can quickly find out excellent corn varieties and select the characteristics of the varieties that can be taken as key indicators for promotion. We have explored the temporal and spatial diffusion law of excellent varieties, as well as the promotion center's transformation distribution, in order to summarize all kinds of suitable promotion models of varieties. According to the results, excellent varieties in the national and provincial scale conform to the Gaussian life cycle curve of varieties, which obviously has characteristics of space and time. Besides, the diffusion modes of the big varieties and regional special varieties are different. For the big varieties, the promotion center always transfers to the nearby provinces, which means it can radiate to the surrounding environment. For the regional special varieties, the promotion center always starts from several provinces but transfers to the distant one or two provinces, which means it has a leaping diffusion. The performance of excellent maize varieties in different provinces also behaves differently in the same ecological region. The structure and replacement of varieties are also not the same from provinces to provinces, which are relevant to the way of the province promotion and the acceptance of varieties. In conclusion, based on geographic information system (GIS), this article has preliminarily exploited the temporal and spatial diffusion law of excellent promoted maize varieties as well as the promotion center's transformation distribution, which are from the Huang-Huai-Hai maize planting region and the Dong-Hua-Bei maize planting region. It suggests that excellent promoted varieties should be promoted at the regional scale, which is of great significance for guiding crop varieties suitability analysis and variety test design in the target maize planting region.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Diffusion
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Commerce - Crops - Models - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Classification methods - Excellent varieties - Genotype-by-environment interaction - Precision marketings - Promote varieties - Suitability analysis - Surrounding environment - Time-space
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e+00yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20181505001228
Title:Driving cycle construction of loader based on typical working condition test
Authors:Chang, Lü (1); Xu, Lichao (1); Lü, Meng (2, 3); Liu, Yongchen (1); Zhao, Yanqing (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Traffic and Transportation Security of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an; 223003, China; (2) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing; 210016, China; (3) Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an; 223003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:63-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The design of loader's driveline draws on the design concept of automobile's, while driving cycle is the important reference for designing the parameters of automobile's driveline. Because there is no driving cycle for loader, it is impossible to investigate the fuel economy and power performance by using it for loader in design stage. According to the power diffluence of loader engine, the loader cycle condition should consist of time course of loading, bucket's working resistance and working speed under loader's typical working condition. In view of this situation, taking ZL50 type loader as an example, this paper builds the test scheme, and the time domain waveform data of the engine torque consumed by hydraulic pump, steering pump, variable speed pump, front transmission shaft, and rear drive shaft, as well as the time domain waveform data of revolving speed of front transmission shaft are obtained. The steps of constructing the driving cycle of loader under typical working conditions are as follows: (1) On the basis of tested gear signal and hydraulic pump pressure signal, the working cycle of loader is divided into 4 work periods in terms of signal change characteristics: no-loading driving, shoveling, going forward with heavy load and unloading. Meanwhile the no-loading driving includes going forward without load and retreat without load. The all tested channel signal is shown by Vib array of data collection system, the initial time of all work periods is recorded conveniently by channel signal, and the beginning time of signal is defined according to the work period in order to determine the time period of signal segmentation. The data section of the signal can be realized directly by the nsoft. Specifically after all tested loader signals are divided according to working period, all the loading signals of the same working period are merged in each test, and lastly the acquired signals of the same working period of all tests are merged and set zero. (2) The loading time course of engine torque consumed by working pump is acquired correspondingly when shoveling the 5 kinds of material by using the nsoft, and then the loading time course of engine torque consumed by working pump is obtained by means of weighted summation method. The loading time course contains 5 working steps, which include going forward without load, shoveling, retreat with heavy load, going forward with heavy load, unloading and retreat without load. (3) According to the above method, the loading time course of engine torque consumed by variable speed pump and steering pump is got. (4) The loading time course of hydraulic system under typical working condition is acquired by adding up the above 3 time courses of the torque. (5) In a similar way, the working speed time course and loading time course of loader transmission system under typical working condition are obtained. The traditional system is mainly used to overcome the bucket work resistance, climbing resistance, rolling resistance, air resistance and acceleration resistance. (6) Based on the changes of the tested working pump pressure and gear signal, the 5 steps of a working cycle can be determined, which include going forward without load, shoveling, retreat with heavy load, going forward with heavy load, unloading and retreat without load. During the loading time course of transmission system under typical working condition, the added torque of shoveling period is consumed by the bucket's working resistance. The time course of bucket's working resistance under the typical working condition can be acquired by converting the difference value of torque. Using the same data processing method, the working speed time of typical working conditions and the load time of the typical driving system are obtained respectively. According to the load time of the transmission system under typical working conditions, the working force time of a typical working bucket is obtained by applying the balance equation of force in the working process of the loaders. In typical working conditions, hydraulic system load time, bucket working resistance time and working speed time are combined together to form loader cycle condition. Based on the cycle working condition, the fuel economy of the virtual test ZL50 loader is in good agreement with the real vehicle test result with relative error of 5.0%, which indicates that the cycle condition built in this paper can be trusted. The driving cycle of loader can supply loading data for virtual tests of loader's power performance and fuel economy, as well as provide reference for matching the power transmission system and optimizing the economic performance.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Loads (forces)
Controlled terms:Automobile steering equipment - Data handling - Digital storage - Electric power transmission - Engines - Experiments - Fuel economy - Fuels - Hydraulic equipment - Loaders - Powertrains - Pumps - Signal processing - Speed - Time domain analysis - Torque - Transmissions - Unloading - Virtual reality - Waveform analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Data collection system - Data processing methods - Driving cycle - Hydraulic pump - Loader transmission system - Power transmission systems - Transmission systems - Working loads
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 618.2 Pumps - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20181505001241
Title:Image segmentation and recognition algorithm of greenhouse whitefly and thrip adults for automatic monitoring device
Authors:Yang, Xinting (1, 2); Liu, Mengmeng (1, 2); Xu, Jianping (3); Zhao, Li (2); Wei, Shujun (4); Li, Wenyong (2); Chen, Meixiang (2); Chen, Ming (1); Li, Ming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Fengtai District Plant Protection and Phytosanitary Station, Beijing; 100070, China; (4) Institute of Plant Protection and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ming(lim@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:164-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pests were one of the important factors for crop loss, so accurate counting and identification of insect were important for pest detection and preventive measures. To monitor the variety and quantity of cucumber pests in greenhouse and predict the development trend of pest, an image recognition algorithm based on Prewitt, Canny edge detection operator segmentation and support vector machine (SVM) was proposed for greenhouse whitefly and thrip on the trap board. In recent years, due to the improvement of computer hardware and imaging equipment, automatic recognition of pests based on image processing technology has been widely studied. The common counting and recognition methods were mainly based on computer vision, the pest target was segmented from the background image firstly, and then the pests were counted and identified. Classification and counting inevitably required precision control. Firstly, pest images were captured by field automatic pest monitoring camera equipment. It was necessary to divide the pest area from the image in order to extract the valid feature parameters. For the sake of raising the effect of edge detection, it was significant to strengthen the contrast between the target and the background. The method used the high contrast of the pest target and the background in the b component binary image of the L*a*b* color space and the I component binary image of the HSI (hue-saturation-intensity) color space, and used the Prewitt operator and the Canny operator to perform the single-headed pests edge segmentation respectively. After morphological processing, differential method was used to remove the interference and tiny hole filled, and the 2 binary images were merged to complete the extraction of single-headed pests. The method extracted 5 morphological features (area, relative area, perimeter, complexity, and duty ratio) of pests, and because of the great diversity of color in pests, 9 color features (the first moment of each component of HSV (hue-saturation-value) color space, HSI color space and L*a*b* color space) were extracted. And the 14 characteristic parameters were normalized, and used as the input vector of the SVM to identify the image of cucumber pests. The pest identification rates of BP (back propagation) and SVM were compared, and the pest identification rates of 4 SVM kernel functions were also compared. The results show that the color eigenvector is the principal component of pest identification and SVM is better than BP neural network. SVM classification of linear kernel function has the best classification performance and stability, the average recognition accuracy is 93.5%, and the pest identification rates of whitefly and thrip are 96.0% and 91.0% respectively. The proposed method can realize the image recognition of greenhouse sticky traps. The study can support the pest detection and early warning, and provide important basis for timely and correct control measures.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Backpropagation - Binary images - Color - Computer hardware - Edge detection - Greenhouses - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image segmentation - Neural networks - Principal component analysis - Support vector machines - Vector spaces
Uncontrolled terms:Classification performance - Color space - Hue saturation values - Image processing technology - Linear kernel functions - Morphological features - Morphological processing - Recognition algorithm
Classification code:722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.10e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20181505001257
Title:Study on inversion temperature in low pressure superheated steam drying of green turnip slice
Authors:Li, Zhanyong (1); Liu, Jianbo (1); Xu, Qing (1); Shi, Yapeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry & Food Machinery and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin; 300222, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:279-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Low pressure superheated steam drying is an innovative drying technology by utilizing steam beyond its boiling point as a drying medium in a dryer to remove excess water from the material. Low pressure superheated steam drying is commonly used for drying of heat sensitive products or to prevent degradation of volatile components and micronutrients (such as ascorbic acid and β-carotene). Compared with traditional drying methods, low pressure superheated steam drying can preserve the nutrients in food material better during the drying process. However, only when drying temperature is above the inversion temperature, superheated steam drying has an advantage in drying efficiency. There is no constant rate drying period for food material drying in low pressure superheated steam and whether there is an inversion temperature has not been reported in the literatures. Green turnip slice is rich in nutrients and has medicinal value, which is popular with consumers. Dried green turnip slice has been used as a resource of food seasoning and pickled food. In this paper, green turnip slice was selected as experimental material to study the inversion temperature based on the average drying rate of the first falling rate drying period and the whole drying period. Because the inversion temperature is usually higher, which may cause more loss of nutrients in the material during the drying process, the retention rates of vitamin C in the dried green turnip slices dried by the low pressure superheated steam and vacuum drying below and above the inversion temperature were investigated. Through analyzing the factors influencing the inversion temperature of green turnip slices, lower inversion temperature could be obtained and lower drying temperature for green turnip slice by low pressure superheated steam drying could be selected to reduce the damage of nutrients at high drying temperature. The results showed that there were 2 inversion temperatures based on the 2 drying rates, and the inversion temperature calculated by the whole drying stage was higher than that by the first falling rate drying period. The reason was that with the rise of drying temperature, the temperature difference changes between the material surface and the drying medium by low pressure superheated steam drying were larger than that by vacuum drying. Hence more heat was transferred to the material, and the drying rate was changed more significantly. According to the rehydration characteristics of the product, changes in the internal structure of the material affected moisture diffusion in the late drying period. Thus, the inversion temperature calculated by the whole drying stage was higher than that calculated by the first falling rate drying period. The inversion temperature calculated by the first falling rate drying period increased with the raise of drying pressure, and the influence of material diameter and thickness could be ignored. The inversion temperature calculated by the whole drying period increased with the raise of drying pressure and material thickness, while the influence of material diameter could be ignored. A lower inversion temperature could be obtained by reducing the drying pressure and the thickness of the material within the allowable range of the equipment and material. When the drying temperature was above the inversion temperature, low pressure superheated steam drying had not only a higher drying efficiency than vacuum drying, but also a higher vitamin C retention rate.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Ascorbic acid - Dryers (equipment) - Efficiency - Nutrients - Plants (botany) - Steam - Temperature - Thermal processing (foods) - Vitamins
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental materials - Green turnip slice - Inversion temperature - Low-pressure superheated steam drying - Rehydration Characteristics - Superheated steam drying - Temperature differences - Vacuum drying
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 41>
Accession number:20181505001221
Title:Applicability evaluation of biomass pyrolytic poly-generation technology on clean heating in northern rural of China
Authors:Cong, Hongbin (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Huo, Lili (1); Jia, Jixiu (1); Wu, Yunong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:8-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Using the clean energy heating in northern rural area is an important content of the energy production and consumption revolution and rural life style revolution. It concerns whether people in the northern rural area could get warmer in winter or fog day could be reduced in the heating season. Differ from the urban, heating in the northern rural area is dispersive. Poor heating infrastructure, low energy utilization rate and serious pollution emissions are all outstanding issues in heating of northern rural area. At the same time, the heating demand in the northern rural area is large, and the heating using the clean energy substituting scattered coal is primary task. It is a crying need for energy-saving promotion in northern rural area. By analyzing heating current situation in northern rural area in China, this article presented the realistic problem and the need of clean energy heating. The advantages of continual biomass carbonization technology are high production efficiency, stable product performance, convenient process control and etc. Based on poly-generation mode with biochar, gas and oil by continual pyrolysis, biomass pyrolysis could derive more poly-generation modes. This article pointed out clean energy heating technical path and application mode based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique, which were suitable for the northern rural area in China. And two poly-generation heating modes, 'poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar, gas and liquid', and 'poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar and steam' were proposed in this article. Then the technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode were analyzed. The results showed that biomass pyrolysis poly-generation was suitable for heating in the northern rural area under the current economic and technical conditions. This is especially suited for small scale central or decentralized heating in natural village and new-type rural community. For example, in village or rural community including 200 households, pyrolysis gas consumption per household was 15~18 m<sup>3</sup>/d (cooking gas consumption was 1 m<sup>3</sup>/d, heat value of pyrolysis gas was more than 15 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>) in heating season. The project initial investment was usually less than 3 million RMB, and the payback period was 4 to 5 years. This article summarized the present situation of heating in northern rural area in China, and presented the realistic problem and the basic need for clean energy heating. It proposed clean energy heating technical path and application mode suited for northern rural area in China, which is based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique. Also this article analyzes technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode, and provides a new idea and method for solving the clean energy heating in the northern rural area.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Biomass - Carbonization - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Gases - Investments - Oils and fats - Pyrolysis - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Applicability - Applicability evaluation - Decentralized heating - Economic feasibilities - Environmental influences - Poly-generation - Production efficiency - Rural regions
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr to 5.00e+00yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 42>
Accession number:20181505001234
Title:Optimization of soil salt inversion model based on spectral transformation from hyperspectral index
Authors:Zhang, Xianlong (1, 2); Zhang, Fei (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Haiwei (1, 2); Li, Zhe (1, 2); Hai, Qing (4); Chen, Lihua (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environmental Modeling of Higher Education Institute, Urumqi; 830046, China; (4) Engineering Research Center of Central Asia Geoinformation Development and Utilization, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Urumqi; 830002, China; (5) Administrative Bureau of the National Nature Reserve in the Ebinur Lake Wetland, Bole; 833400, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fei(zhangfei3s@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:110-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, scholars at home and abroad already use the methods like spectral index or spectral transformation and so on to invert soil salinity separately. However, it is rare to study comprehensive modeling of soil salinity based on spectral index derived from different spectral transformations. In this paper, we studied the feasibility of establishing soil salinity model based on spectral index derived from spectral transformations. The study area was Lake Ebinur wetland nature reserve. Soil samples were collected in July and August in 2016 from 32 representative points. The intervals of sampling points were 3-10 km. The hyperspectral band reflectance of the sample was obtained by the ASD spectrometer. The positions of sampling points were recorded by a handy GPS. The reflectance curves were pretreated with mean value treatment, signal denoising and smoothness. Then, we used 15 kinds of spectral transformations, such as reciprocal, derivative, logarithm and so on. Meanwhile, the band reflectance of original spectrum was used to construct the spectral index to model the soil salinity. The spectral index included the difference soil index (DSI), simple ratio soil index(RSI) and normalized difference soil index (NDSI). On the basis of the modeling of soil salinity under a single spectral transformation or spectral index, we tried to establish the hyperspectral matrix coefficient map of soil salinity and the best spectral transformation of reflectance. Then a new hyperspectral estimation model was built in order to improve the estimation accuracy of soil salinity model. The model construction was based on randomly selected 22 samples and the model validation was based on the 10 samples. The mean of soil salinity for the calibration dataset and the validation dataset was 8.33 and 8.44 g/kg, respectively. The coefficient of variation of soil salinity for the calibration dataset and the validation dataset was 60.53% and 61.15%, respectively. The results showed that among the 15 spectral transformations, the correlations between the reflectance under the 6 transformations of first-order derivative (R'), second-order derivative (R''), first-order derivative of reciprocal (1/R)', first-order derivative of logarithm (logR)', first-order derivative of logarithm of derivative (log1/R)' and that after removal of contour line (Rcr)and soil salinity were the best. The numbers of characteristic bands were large, and the accuracy of soil salinity was better. The precision of soil salinity estimation model based on R' and (log1/R)' transformation was the highest among all the models although the model accuracy was generally low. Among the models of soil salinity based on the spectral index, the linear regression model based on DSI index had the highest fitting accuracy with R<sup>2</sup>of 0.68 and root mean square error of 4.54 g/kg. However, the model accuracy based on a single spectral transformation or spectral index was still low. We constructed the spectral index based on the hyperspectral transformation of reflectance. Then, the soil salinity based on the spectral index derived from the transformation was established by the linear or quadratic regression methods and the accuracy was relatively improved. Among the 6 models, the model based on NDSI with (log1/R)' transformation was the best with R<sup>2</sup>of 0.76 and root mean square error of 4.28 g/kg. The validation showed that R<sup>2</sup>was 0.89, and root mean square error was 3.34 g/kg. The proposed model was useful in improving soil salinity inversion accuracy. The study provides an efficient method for the quantitative estimation, inversion and detection of soil salinity in arid and semi-arid regions.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Linear transformations
Controlled terms:Calibration - Errors - Linear regression - Mathematical transformations - Mean square error - Reflection - Remote sensing - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid regions - Coefficient of variation - Inversion - Linear regression models - Salinity - Second order derivatives - Spectral indices - Spectral transformations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.05e+01%, Percentage 6.11e+01%, Size 3.00e+03m to 1.00e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.01.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
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友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普