<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20181304940029
Title:Optimal design and experiment of 3SFBQ-500 type orchard gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer injection machine
Authors:Xi, Xiaobo (1, 2); Zhang, Ruihong (1); Shan, Xiang (1); Jin, Yifu (1); Zhang, Jianfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225127, China; (2) School of Hydraulic Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225127, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Ruihong(zhang-rh@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:35-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present in the orchard fertilization process, the most widely used method is ditching and fertilizing method. However, orchard ditching and fertilizing technology has a series of problems, such as easy damage to tree roots, high energy consumption and uneven fertilizing. Meanwhile, soil compaction frequently exists in orchard land due to no farming in long years, which is not beneficial for rainwater leakage and nutrient transport in soil, so there is a great need to develop a new kind of fertilization machine. In this context, a 3SFBQ-500 type gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer injection machine was designed, which used high pressure gas to shock soil body and then injected fertilizer. The drill pipe mechanism with pneumatic chipping hammer excitation and hydraulic assistance was designed to drill the soil, and the maximum drilling depth reached 500 mm. The dynamical model and kinematical equation of soil drilling by pneumatic chipping hammer with hydraulic assistance were established, and force analysis of drill pipe during soil drilling process was performed. The drill bit structure parameters were optimized as taper angle of 60° and pipe radius of 12.5 mm. An economical multi-knob switch control system was made to improve the equipment automation degree and reduce the intensity of labor operations, which could make the machine operations controlled manually and automatically. The working processes of soil drilling, gas explosion subsoiling, liquid fertilizer injection and drill pipe rebound were completed in a key operation. Then the 3D (three-dimensional) model of the whole machine was established using SolidWorks software. On this foundation, the machine prototype was produced. Afterwards, field experiments were carried out, and the results showed that soil fractures were created by gas explosion. Under the condition of 0.8 MPa gas pressure and 300 mm drilling depth, the maximum breadth of fractures was about 3-4 mm, the extension disturbance radius of fractures about 400 mm. In addition, the soil perturbation happened after gas explosion, and the soil perturbation coefficient was 50.11%, which was calculated by gas-splitting soil fracture extension model of Murdoch L C. What was more, the liquid fertilizer was sprayed in deep soil with no stoppage and diffused uniformly in the role of high pressure pump. This new designed machine abandoned the traditional operation mode of first ditching, then fertilization, and then covering the soil, while adopted the new operation mode of gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer injection. So the tree roots were not easily damaged and the fertilizer was evenly distributed, which was conducive to nutrient absorption of root in growth. The work efficiency was 0.048 hm<sup>2</sup>/h at least. What's more, with simple operation and stable performance, the new designed machine can meet the agronomic requirements of orchard, garden and city greening fertilization.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Explosions
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Drill pipe - Drills - Energy utilization - Farms - Fertilizers - Forestry - Fracture - Gases - Hammers - Hydraulic machinery - Machine design - Nutrients - Optimization - Orchards - Pneumatics - Programmable logic controllers - Soil mechanics - Soils - Well drilling
Uncontrolled terms:3-D (three-dimensional) - Fertigations - Gas explosions - High energy consumption - Kine-matical equations - New operation modes - Solidworks software - Structure parameter
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 605.2 Small Tools, Unpowered - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 632.3 Pneumatics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.01e+01%, Pressure 8.00e+05Pa, Size 1.25e-02m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-03m to 4.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20181304940052
Title:Design and implementation of third-party traceability platform for rice
Authors:Jiang, Shuang (1); Han, Guiqing (1); Si, Zhenyu (2); Tian, Jingqi (3); Wang, Lishu (4); Qi, Guoqiang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Modern Educational Technology and Information Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Harbin Jisao Chengduo Network Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin; 150001, China; (4) College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Han, Guiqing(haashangq@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:215-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rice produced in the northeast of China is well sold in the world because of its excellent quality. High-quality rice produced in some areas makes high brand value. For the reason that the shoddy rice phenomenon is increasing seriously, solutions should be proposed to solve the problem. Most of the existing traceability systems of agro-products in China are mainly designed and implemented by the manufacturing enterprises, which make both the organization providing traceability service and the manufacturing enterprises are community of interest, and the traceability results are difficult to meet the consumers' needs. To achieve the quality and safety of agricultural products, the existing agricultural product traceability mechanism and implementation were analyzed, and a new third-party traceability system was proposed in this paper. Under the supervision and guidance by the government, the third-party traceability system provided the traceability data to the consumer safely and reliably, as rice samples were tested by the independent authoritative testing agency. B/S architecture were used in the third-party traceability platform system, and MySQL, J2EE (Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition) and other technical means were used for the database construction. By connecting with the WeChat public number, the QR code of the product information is processed with safety technology in order to provide the consumers with traceability services. At the same time, the anti-counterfeiting problem of the QR code on the traceability platform was studied, and the new platform succeeded in the simulation running. The platform has been used by two enterprises to achieve the full traceability of the high-quality agricultural products. The results showed that the price of rice sale was increased by 20%, which was caused by the cost of the third-party traceability mode, but it was accepted by the consumers, and the total rice sale had been increased by 20%, which had achieved the benefit growth of the enterprises. The results showed that the traceability results using the third-party traceability platform designed in this paper make the consumers' approval, and the third-party traceability platform provides an effective means for the traceability of high-quality agricultural products.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Codes (symbols) - Encoding (symbols) - Food safety - Manufacture - Marketing - Mobile devices - Surface discharges
Uncontrolled terms:J2EE - QR codes - Rice - Third parties - Traceability systems
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.4 Marketing
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20181304940046
Title:Benefit evaluation on typical soil and water conservation measures in citrus orchard on red soil slope
Authors:Zhang, Jie (1, 3); Chen, Xiaoan (1, 2); Tang, Chongjun (1); Wang, Lingyun (1); Li, Longfei (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Nanchang; 330029, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Research Center of Water Resources and Ecological Environment of Poyang Lake, Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, Nanchang; 330029, China; (4) Henan Xunda Blasting, Jiaozuo; 454000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xiaoan(onlycxa@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:165-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, unreasonable development of sloping orchard land has resulted in many problems such as soil erosion, soil degradation, non-point source pollution, etc. Thus, it is necessary to study the comprehensive benefits of different soil and water conservation measures for orchards on red soil slopeland, which provides technical reference for orchard development and management. Studies about the relationships between runoff, sediment reduction, nutrient losses and soil physicochemical properties under soil and water conservation measures have been fully reported. However, most of the studies were conducted under a single soil and water conservation measure. It has been rarely reported about the comprehensive comparisons of plant measures, tillage measures, engineering + plant measures and engineering measures. Long term in situ observation in the standard citrus orchard plots was carried out to investigate the runoff, sediment and nutrient losses under different plant measures, cultivation measures and engineering measures and their effects on the soil physical and chemical properties. Six standard runoff plots with same slopes were selected as experimental plots. The sizes of the plots were 5 m (width) × 20 m (length). The horizontal projection areas and slopes of the plots were 100 m<sup>2</sup>and 12°, respectively. Three rectangular pools were built in each plot. Twelve citrus trees were planted in each plot. A plot was selected as the control plot with planted citrus trees only. Different plant measures, tillage measures, engineering+plant measures and engineering measures were adopted in the other five plots. The average annual runoff reduction benefits of different measures were ranked in the order: plant measures > engineering + plant measures > tillage measures> engineering measures. But the average annual sediment reduction benefit was slightly different, which were ranked in the order: engineering + plant measures > plant measures > tillage measures > engineering measures. The average annual runoff reduction (71.43%) of plant measures was the highest. But the sediment reduction benefit (95.88%) of engineering+plant measures was the highest. The average annual nitrogen reduction benefits were ranked in the order: plant measures > tillage measures> engineering+plant measures> engineering measures. The phosphorus reduction benefits were similar with the sediment reduction. Plant measures had the lowest nitrogen losses, the reduction rates were 19.84%. Engineering+plant measures had lowest phosphorus losses, the reduction rates were 68.94%. The soil field water-holding capacity decreased in the order: tillage measures > plant measures > engineering+plant measures> engineering measures. The soil field water-holding capacity of tillage measures and plant measures were 14.60% and 7.19 % higher than that of control plot, respectively. The variation trends of soil physical and chemical indicators under different soil and water conservation measures were slightly different. Soil moisture content and WSA were the highest in plant measures, which were 18.94% and 4.42% higher than the control plot. Soil nutrients were most improved by the plant measures. In all plant measures, the increase rates of soil nutrient for the citrus plot with whole coverage of Paspalum notatum were the highest, with the organic matter increasing by 34.53%, total nitrogen increasing by 78.26% and total phosphorus increasing by 12.24%, respectively. Thus, the plant measures performed the best in the soil and water conservation benefits, for example, reduction of sediment, nutrient loss and soil improvement. The results could offer theoretical reference for soil and water conservation control measures selection, soil quality improvement and solving of soil erosion and environmental problems suitable in the development of orchard in hilly red soil region of southern China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Erosion - Farms - Forestry - Indicators (chemical) - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Orchards - Phosphorus - Quality control - Reduction - Runoff - Sediments - Soil moisture - Soils - Water conservation - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Citrus orchards - Nutrient loss - Red soil region of southern chinas - Soil and water conservation - Soil and water conservation measures - Soil physical and chemical properties - Soil physico-chemical properties - Soil structure
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 453 Water Pollution - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.00e+02m2, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01%, Percentage 1.98e+01%, Percentage 3.45e+01%, Percentage 4.42e+00%, Percentage 6.89e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 7.19e+00%, Percentage 7.83e+01%, Percentage 9.59e+01%, Size 2.00e+01m, Size 5.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20181304940054
Title:Effects of intercropping on growth and nitrate accumulation of lettuce in aeroponics
Authors:Yu, Haiye (1, 2); Wang, Linlin (1, 2); Zhang, Lei (1, 2); Liu, Shuang (1, 2); Zhang, Yuqing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Lei(z_lei@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper studied the effects of intercropping on growth index, photosynthetic indices, nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity of aeroponics lettuce, and analyzed the main factors of nitrate accumulation in aboveground part of lettuce combined with the changes of mineral element content in nutrient solution. The results show that the intercropping is beneficial to improve the fresh quality of aboveground part of lettuce plants and promote the expansion of lettuce leaves, and at the same time, increase the lettuce root morphological parameters. When the lettuce plants are cultured for 20 d, they enter the vigorous growth period, and at this time, the fresh quality of aboveground part, plant height and leaf area of lettuce plants are greatly improved. Intercropping increases the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of lettuce plants, but it has no obviously regular effect on intercellular CO<inf>2</inf>concentration of lettuce plants. With the development of aeroponics time, the SPAD value of lettuce plants increases at first and then decreases slowly, and its maximum value appears after 20 d, and at this time, the chlorophyll volume of leaves is the largest and the synthesis rate is the fastest, which further prove that lettuce plants are in the vigorous growth period at this time. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increase gradually, and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves is positively correlated with stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and the correlation coefficients are 0.937 and 0.950 respectively, which is consistent with the research results of Zhang Meishan on the leaves of Panax quinquefolium. In the whole period of aeroponics, intercropping reduces nitrate content of aboveground part of lettuce plants in varying degrees and the nitrate content decreases firstly and then increases. After 20 d, nitrate content in aboveground part of lettuce is the lowest, and it is reduced by 16.57% compared with monoculture, which shows good intercropping advantage. And the change trend of nitrate reductase activity is opposite to that of nitrate content. The correlation between nitrate content of aboveground part of lettuce plants and fresh quality growth rate, nitrate reductase activity was analyzed, and the results show that the decrease of nitrate content in aboveground part of lettuce is mainly due to the increase of nitrate reductase activity. The relationship between nitrate reductase activity and the changes of mineral element content in nutrient solution is different. The correlation coefficients between nitrate reductase activity and nitrate nitrogen consumption and manganese consumption in nutrient solution are relatively larger, and they are 0.882 and 0.851 respectively, which shows that the nitrate nitrogen consumption and manganese consumption in nutrient solution have great influence on the nitrate reductase activity. From the significance, we can see that the correlation between nitrate reductase activity and nitrate nitrogen consumption in nutrient solution is significant. The results reveal the main factors of nitrate accumulation in aboveground part of lettuce in intercropping mode and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the interaction mechanism of lettuce and cherry radish in intercropping mode.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Manganese - Minerals - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Substrates - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Intercropping - Lettuce - Mineral element - Morphological parameters - Net photosynthetic rate - Nitrate reductase - Nitrate reductase activities
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 482.2 Minerals - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.66e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20181304940045
Title:Effect of rainfall patterns on hillslope soil erosion in rocky mountain area of north China
Authors:Wu, Lingli (1, 2); Wang, Yunqi (1, 2); Wang, Chenfeng (1, 2); Wang, Yujie (1, 2); Wang, Bin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chongqing Jinyun Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yunqi(wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:157-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to make clear the slope soil erosion difference under different rainfall patterns in rocky mountain area of North China, a method combining meteorology and hydrology data with WEPP model to simulate rainfall erosion process was adopted, based on the observation data of 105 individual rainfall events from 2013 to 2015 in field runoff plots of Puwa, Fangshan District, Beijing City. Taking rainfall amount, rainfall duration and average rainfall intensity as the characteristic indices, with R software, 105 natural rainfalls were divided into 3 rainfall patterns A, B and C, and the cluster analysis method was used. The results showed that the erosion ability of the 3 rainfall patterns followed the order of Type B (low frequency, short duration, medium amount of rainfall and strong rainfall intensity) > Type A (medium frequency, long duration, great amount of rainfall and medium rainfall intensity) > Type C (high frequency, medium duration, minor amount of rainfall and low rainfall intensity). However, in the erosion rainfall events, the main rainfall pattern was Type A, which made the highest cumulative contribution rate to soil erosion in the study area, and Type C could hardly cause soil erosion. By analyzing the influence of single rainfall index (rainfall amount, rainfall duration and maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity) on soil erosion, it was found that the erosion ability of 3 types of rainfall in unit time was Type B > Type A > Type C. The critical rainfall amount of soil erosion on brown soil slope in rocky mountain area of North China was 8 mm and the critical rainfall intensity was 9.5 mm/h. In order to explore the influence of time sequences on soil erosion, with WEPP model, the 3 types of rainfall patterns mentioned above were further classified into 4 sub-rainfall types by setting different occurrence time of maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity in the process of rainfall with the WEPP model. Namely, when the value was set to 0, the sub-rainfall type was uniform type. Similarly, the value of 10% corresponded to decreasing type, 50% corresponded to peak type and 90% corresponded to incremental type. Before the WEPP model was used, the soil parameters in the model including effective hydraulic conductivity, critical shear force and erodibility of rill soil were modified on the basis of the value calculated by formula in the model on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The analysis showed that the time sequences of rainfall intensity had a great influence on the degree of soil erosion. Moreover, under 4 sub-rainfall types, the total soil loss amount was in the order of incremental type > peak type > decreasing type > uniform type. Among them, the difference of soil erosion under sub-rainfall type of Type A was the most significant. In conclusion, this study provides the reference for the establishment of soil erosion prediction models and soil erosion control in brown soil slopes in rocky mountain areas of North China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:C (programming language) - Cluster analysis - Erosion - Landforms - Runoff - Soil conservation - Soils - Steady flow
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic indices - Cluster analysis methods - Critical rainfall intensities - Effective hydraulic conductivities - North China - Physical and chemical properties - Rainfall patterns - Runoff plots
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 8.00e-03m, Time 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20181304940042
Title:Residue returning with subsoiling replacing rotary tillage improving aggregate and associated carbon
Authors:Tian, Shenzhong (1); Wang, Yu (2); Zhang, Yufeng (1); Bian, Wenfan (1); Dong, Liang (1); Luo, Jiafa (3); Guo, Honghai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of New-type Fertilizers, Jinan; 250100, China; (2) Shandong Rice Research Institute, Jinan; 250100, China; (3) Ag Research, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton; 3240, New Zealand
Corresponding author:Guo, Honghai(honghaig@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:133-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil tillage and residue returning could exert significant impact on soil structure and nutrient turnover, which were also important driving factors for the distribution and update of soil aggregate. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of rotary tillage converting to subsoiling on distribution, stability and associated-C content of soil aggregate based on the 8-year experiment, which included rotary tillage with residue returning (RTS), rotary tillage with residue removing (RTA), rotary tillage converting to subsoiling with residue returning (RTS-STS) and rotary tillage converting to subsoiling with residue removing (RTA-STA). The contribution rate of aggregate-C to soil organic carbon (SOC) and their interaction during rotary tillage converting to subsoiling were also analyzed in this study. The results showed that, the distribution, stability and associated-C of soil aggregate fractions were significantly affected by rotary tillage converting to subsoiling combined with the returning of residue, which not only significantly increased the proportion of soil macroaggregate, but also promoted the stability of aggregate. For example, the aggregate fraction proportions of 1-2, 0.25-1 and <0.25 mm under RTS-STS treatment were significantly higher than those of other 3 treatments in the soil depth of 0-10 cm, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) for stability index of soil aggregate under RTS-STS treatment was also 6.1%, 65.4% and 87.8% higher than RTA-STA, RTS and RTA treatments respectively in this study. And the aggregate fraction proportions of 1-2, 0.25-1 and <0.25 mm under 4 treatments were increased in the soil depth of >30-50 cm compared with that in the soil depth of 0-30 cm. Whereas, the MWD values were significantly decreased under the RTS-STS and RTA-STA treatments in the soil depth of 30-50 cm, and the opposite result was found under RTS and RTA treatments. Meanwhile, RTS-STS treatment significantly increased aggregate associated-C and its contribution rate to SOC in the depth of 0-20 cm. Although there was no significant difference for aggregate associated-C between RTS-STS and RTS treatments in the depth of >20-30 and >30-50 cm, the contribution rate of aggregate associated-C to SOC was decreased under the RTS-STS treatment compared with that in >20-50 cm depth. In comparison to the residue removing, rotary tillage and rotary tillage converting to subsoiling combined with the returning of residue increased the contents of SOC and aggregate associated-C in the soil depth of 0-50 cm. The contribution rate of aggregate associated-C to SOC under RTS-STS treatment was 87.89%, which was 4.9%, 10.3% and 18.6% higher than RTS, RTA-STA and RTA treatments respectively in this study. Tillage method, residue returning and their interaction were important effect factors on the distribution and associated-C of soil aggregate under 4 treatments in the different soil depths according to the force analysis in this study. Additionally, there was significant positive correlation between the SOC and the stability and associated-C(P<0.01) of aggregate by the correlation analysis. The tillage converting combined with residue returning (RTS-STS) can improve the aggregate gathering and stabilizing in the 0-20 cm soil depth, and also increase the contribution rate of soil aggregate associated-C to SOC, which would significantly improve the SOC level in this region.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Aggregates
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Organic carbon - Soils - Stability - Straw - Well drilling
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Mean weight diameter - Positive correlations - Residue returning - Rotary tillages - Soil aggregate - Soil aggregate fraction - Subsoiling
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.03e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+00%, Percentage 6.10e+00%, Percentage 6.54e+01%, Percentage 8.78e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20181304940059
Title:Research status and prospect of rapid detection technology of pesticide residues based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors:Zhang, Wenqiang (1); Li, Rong (1); Xu, Wentao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:269-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pesticide residues in fruits or vegetables are detrimental to human health seriously. After spraying pesticides, residual pesticides existed on the surface and internal tissues of fruits or vegetables. The surface pesticide residues were few and uneven, being difficult to distinguish quantitatively losslessly and rapidly with simple spectral detection. In order to prevent acute or chronic toxicity to human health through their residues in agricultural products and foodstuffs, monitoring pesticide residues was extremely crucial to ensure that pesticides in agricultural products were in permitted levels. Therefore, it was important to choose rapid and convenient technique with various advantages, like high sensitivity and selectivity, efficiency, and easy to operate for rapid detection of pesticide residues. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a high sensitive analytical technology in the detection of trace material, and has been widely used in the field of public security, environmental monitoring and food safety, owing to the advantages of sharp bandwidth, effective signal amplification, rich molecular information and molecular level detection accuracy. Developing an SERS substrate which could be applied in rapid efficient sampling and direct detection in on-spot assay has been one of the keys of SERS research. Hence, the research status of SERS technology was summarized in this paper. In particular, the main technical methods to realize the pesticide residues signal enhancement by designing a reasonable surface-enhanced Raman substrate, and the surface-enhanced Raman spectral signal analysis methods were described in detail. By fabricating an ordered array with so-called "hot spot" of reinforced substrates, the SERS detection signal strength was greatly enhanced compared to the original SERS detection technique in controlling excellent uniformity, reproducibility and stability. The qualitative identification method of pesticide residue by SERS was mainly based on the mathematical model of pesticide characteristic peak shift. Then partial least squares were used to build the quantitative model, and the results showed that the qualitative identification based on SERS to detect trace levels of pesticide residues had high accuracy, but the quantitative analysis still needed further efforts. By the way, the frontier hotspots in the research of SERS detection technology for pesticide residues were pointed out in this paper. According to the actual situation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, much attention has been paid to the flexible SERS substrate due to its powerful properties that met the food or vegetable demand. At the same time, it was proposed that SERS detection instruments should be more miniaturized and integrated, possess multi-channel detection, and have wireless communication and higher stability and repeatability in the development of future pesticide residue detection. In addition, the development trends of SERS technology in rapid detection of pesticide residues were discussed and forecasted. The rapid detection of pesticide residues and characterization techniques with high sensitivity, pollution-free and lossless nature based on SERS technology would have broad application prospects for the supervision on pesticides using.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Pesticides
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Chemical contamination - Environmental technology - Food safety - Fruits - Least squares approximations - Raman scattering - Signal processing - Spectrum analysis - Substrates - Surface scattering - Vegetables - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Characterization techniques - Molecular-level detections - Nondestructive detection - Partial least square (PLS) - Qualitative identification - Residues - Surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) - Surface-enhanced raman scattering spectroscopies
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20181304940028
Title:Effects of biodegradable seedling tray and sowing rate on seedling quality and yield of mechanical transplanting rice
Authors:Shi, Hongzhi (1); Zhu, Defeng (1); Zhang, Yuping (1); Xiang, Jing (1); Zhang, Yikai (1); Zhu, Conghua (1); Wu, Hui (1); Chen, Huizhe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou; 310006, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Huizhe(chenhuizhe@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:27-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical transplanting is the tendency of planting mechanization for most of rice regions in China. The sowing rate of nursing seedling is usually high (90-120 g/tray) for forming seedling carpet and reducing the unplanted hill percentage, which leads to weak seedlings, excessive basic seedlings in fields, and poor heterosis representations for hybrid rice. The biodegradable seedling tray is made with bioplastic - polylactic acid (PLA, a kind of material widely used) and designed as bowl-blanket shape and mechanical transplanting with seedling tray, which could provide a new way to realize mechanical transplanting of hybrid rice under thin sowing rate model. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the applicability of biodegradable seedling tray in thin sowing and mechanical transplanting. Zhongzheyou 8 (indica hybrid rice) and Yongyou 538 (indica-japonica hybrid rice) were used as materials. The carpet seedling tray was applied as control. Four sowing rates: 30, 50, 70 and 90 g/tray were adopted (the weight of dry seeds). The nineteen-days-old seedlings under different tray and sowing rate treatments were transplanted in the plot of 30 m<sup>2</sup>separately with 30 cm × 18 cm planting density. A fertilizer dose of 180: 450: 112.5 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>of N: P: K was applied in the form of urea, calcium superphosphate, and potassium chloride, respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at soil preparation, tillering stage and panicle initiation stage in a proportion of 5: 3: 2. Total phosphorus fertilizer was applied at soil preparation and total potassium fertilizer was applied at panicle initiation stage. Weeds, insects and diseases were intensively controlled during the whole growing season to avoid yield loss. The other managements were uniform with high-yield cultivation. In this experiment, the emergence rate of seed, morphological characteristic of shoot and root of seedlings, root entwining force, unplanted hill percentage of mechanical transplanting, the yield and its components were investigated. Results showed that, nursing seedling with biodegradable seedling tray had significant the emergence rate increase (P<0.05), and the lower sowing rate, the higher the emergence rate compared with carpet seeding tray. The emergence rate of Zhongzheyou 8 in 30 g/tray treatment was higher by 20.57 percentage points than that of the carpet seedling tray. The seedlings roots in biodegradable seedling tray treatment were white, stubby, separate and coiled in bowls due to bowl-blanket design and the average root diameter was 8.63% greater than that of the carpet seedling tray (P<0.05). In addition, the root entwining force of seedlings with biodegradable seedling tray was greater than 100 N in all sowing rates treatments, which met the demand of mechanical transplanting. Because of bowl-shaped precision transplanting with seedling tray, the unplanted hill percentage of Zhongzheyou 8 in 30 g/tray treatment declined by 6.67 percentage points compared with carpet seedling tray. Despite the fill-grain percentage and the 1 000-grain weight of biodegradable seedling tray treatment were lower (P<0.05) than that of carpet seedling tray, but the population spikelets and yield were slightly higher. According to the performance of nursing seedlings, mechanical transplanting and yield, 70 g/tray was appropriate sowing date for biodegradable seedling tray. Our results suggested that biodegradable seedling tray transplanted with tray was beneficial for nursing strength seedlings under thin sowing model, improving mechanical transplanting quality and yield potentiality of hybrid rice.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Calcium compounds - Chlorine compounds - Crops - Cultivation - Fertilizers - Forestry - Hybrid materials - Machinery - Mechanization - Nitrogen compounds - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nursing - Plants (botany) - Potash - Potassium - Potassium chloride - Potassium fertilizers - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Biodegradable seedling tray - Mechanical transplanting - Rice - Seedling quality - Yield
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 601 Mechanical Design - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Area 3.00e+01m2, Force 1.00e+02N, Percentage 8.63e+00%, Size 1.80e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20181304940053
Title:LED illuminant improving broilers house environment and growth performance
Authors:Shi, Zhifang (1); Xi, Lei (2); Ji, Zhenzhen (2); Cheng, Pu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) College of Automation, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Corresponding author:Xi, Lei(xileihn@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:222-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to provide theoretical support for the application of LED illuminant in the scale raising of broilers, the effects of LED light sources on broilers growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and the content of NH<inf>3</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf>, dust and microorganism of house air had been explored in this paper. One-factor completely random design was used in this study. A total of 240 one-day-old white feather broilers with good health were randomly distributed into two groups with 4 replications per group and 30 birds per replication. Trial group was illuminated with warm white LED-light, the control group was illuminated with warm white fluorescent lamps. The chicken were fed in the same conditions, and the growth conditions including the feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio, morbidity and mortality were observed and determined. Total feces were collected for the apparent nutrient digestibility test of crude protein, crude fat, Ca, and P at the 8th, 15 th, 22th, and 28th day, respectively. And then the content of dust and microorganism were measured by gravimetric and plate sedimentation method, respectively. The content of NH<inf>3</inf>and CO<inf>2</inf>in the broilers house were detected on five points at 0.5 m high using photochemical method in every day at 08: 00, 14: 00 and 20: 00. Results showed that compared with the fluorescent lamps, LED light sources were no adverse effects on growth performance, nutrient metabolism and house environmental quality of 8 to 20 days old broilers. LED light could improve the feed intake and daily gain of 22 to 28 days old broilers significantly, which were increased by 13.13% and 13.23%, respectively (P<0.05) compared with that of the fluorescent lamp group. LED light source was beneficial to increase the average daily intake and average daily increase quality of the 22-28 days old broilers, compared with the fluorescent lamp, which were significantly increased by 13.13% and 13.23%, respectively (P<0.05). LED light source could also improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in the 22 to 28 days old chicken; In the 22th day, it was significantly increased by 9.45%, 14.90% and 7.48% (P<0.05) respectively compared with the fluorescent henhouse group; In the 28th day, it was increased by 7.30%, 6.78% and 8.29% (P<0.05), respectively. During the experiment, the morbidity of chicken in the LED light source group was 2.45%, significantly lower than the incidence of 3.57% in the fluorescent lamp group (P<0.05). The mortality of chicken in the house with LED light source was 1.18%, which was significantly lower than the 2.36% of the fluorescent lamp (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the concentration of NH<inf>3</inf>after 25 days and the concentration of dust and microorganism after 22 days in the LED light source house were significantly lower than that of fluorescent lamps group. Therefor the LED light source could improve the production performance of broilers and the air environmental quality of chicken living space. Because of the characteristics of safety, economy and environmental protection, the LED light source is worth further promotion and application in the livestock breeding production.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Light emitting diodes
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Calcium - Carbon dioxide - Diseases - Dust - Environmental protection - Fluorescence - Fluorescent lamps - Houses - Light - Light sources - Lighting - Microorganisms - Nutrients - Proteins - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental quality - Growth performance - LED lights - Nutrient digestibility - White feather broilers
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.9 Biology - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 707.2 Electric Lamps - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1 Light/Optics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.19e-02yr to 5.48e-02yr, Age 6.03e-02yr, Age 6.03e-02yr to 7.67e-02yr, Age 6.85e-02yr, Percentage 1.18e+00%, Percentage 1.31e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.49e+01%, Percentage 2.36e+00%, Percentage 2.45e+00%, Percentage 3.57e+00%, Percentage 6.78e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Percentage 9.45e+00%, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20181304940027
Title:Improvement of straw transport device for straw-smashing back-throwing type multi-function no-tillage planter
Authors:Wu, Feng (1); Xu, Hongbo (1); Gu, Fengwei (1); Chen, Youqing (1); Shi, Lili (1); Hu, Zhichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:18-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:No-tillage planter can sow seeds in the condition of straw mulching field, which receives great attention and support from conservation society. But this kind of machine has some problems when it is used under full straw mulching field, such as grass winding and seed uncovering. Clean planter area under full straw mulching can help to achieve the processes of straw chopping, straw transport, sowing, fertilization, and straw mulching once and for all, which is widely used in many areas of China. Straw transport device is one of the important components of the clean planting area which is used to convey, elevate and throw straw. However, the problems of high power consumption and congestion affect the promotion of the machine. In order to deal with these problems, the structure of throwing pipeline was redesigned and analyzed. The analysis result showed that the improved throwing pipeline had a better throwing performance than the original throwing pipeline. On the basis of structural development of throwing pipeline, the central composite test method was used to optimize the key parameters for straw transport device. The main experimental apparatuses included straw cleaning device, rotational speed and torque sensor and high-speed camera acquisition system. The rotate speed of throwing impeller, feed quantity and sectional area of throwing pipeline were taken as the influencing factors. The specific power consumption and throwing speed were taken as response values in the experimental study. Orthogonal rotational quadratic combination test with three factors and three levels was made to evaluate the combined influence of the factors on the test index value. Besides, regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and each assessment index were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert 8.0.6. The optimum combination of the selected parameters was obtained and verified, and the experimental verification of the mathematical model was also conducted. The results showed that trial factors had great effects to the performance of straw transport device. The significant effects of rotate speed of throwing impeller, sectional area of throwing pipeline and feed quantity on reducing the specific power consumption were in a decreasing order. The significant effects of rotate speed of throwing impeller, sectional area of throwing pipeline and feed quantity on increasing but the throwing speed were in a decreasing order. The best model of the integrated straw transport parameters were as follows: When the rotate speed of throwing impeller was 2 272.26 r/min, the feed quantity was 1.33 kg/s and sectional area of throwing pipeline was 507 cm<sup>2</sup>, the specific power consumption and throwing speed by the models were 8 009.58 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>and 12.02 m/s, respectively. The model validation tests had been repeated for three times on the simulation field by using the optimization results, the rotate speed of throwing impeller was 2 270 r/min, the feed quantity was 1.3 kg/s and sectional area of throwing pipeline was 507 cm<sup>2</sup>, the values of practical specific power consumption and throwing speed were 7 980 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>and 11.7 m/s, respectively. Either of the relative errors between the experimental and predicted values of specific power consumption and throwing speed were less than 5%, which indicated a reasonable choice of optimization conditions. The research results can provide the references for the structural improvement and working parameters optimization of straw transport device of straw-smashing back-throwing type multi-function no-tillage planter.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Electric power utilization - High speed cameras - Impellers - Machine windings - Optimization - Pipelines - Regression analysis - Seed - Software design - Speed - Straw - Surface analysis - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental apparatus - Experimental verification - High power consumption - Multi-functions - Optimization conditions - Response surface analysis - Specific power consumption - Structural improvements
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723.1 Computer Programming - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area 5.07e-02m2, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.30e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.33e+00kg/s, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.27e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.72e+02RPM, Velocity 1.17e+01m/s, Velocity 1.20e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20181304940055
Title:Evaluation on measure method of heat transfer resistance for enveloped structure of cattle barn based on infrared imaging method
Authors:Cao, Zhe (1, 2); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 3); An, Xin (1, 2); Wang, Chaoyuan (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Zhengxiang(shizhx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:235-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The heat transfer resistance of enveloped building structure plays an important role in the heat gain and heat loss of building environment. It is also a crucial index related to building thermal comfort. Compared with the housing conditions of residents, those conditions of housings for animals are more complex, which are filled with heavy moisture, highly toxic gases, and high-level dust. The accumulation of these factors can have a negative effect on the thermal performance on the surface material of building structure. For minimizing the heat loss of material, it is vital to accurately measure the material heat transfer resistance in the field environment. In recent years, the infrared imaging method, an advanced technology in the area of fault diagnosis and detection, has been widely used in various industries, such as the thermal performance test of enveloped structures on industrial and civil building. It has the distinct advantage on the portable and prompt detection of surface temperatures with the visualized thermal image. This article mainly focuses on the application of infrared thermal image technology in 2 different forms of cattle barns in northeast region. To determine heat transfer resistance of enveloped structure, the derivation of related heat transfer equation would be taken into account. Compared with the traditional method, the infrared imaging method is more reliable to evaluate the heat transfer resistance of the enveloped structure in the cattle barn. The hand-held infrared thermal imager was used to measure the surface temperature of enveloped structure with setting the view from center passageway towards the wall of the barn. The instrument was carefully calibrated to ensure the setting parameters (emissivity, reflection temperature, humidity, and so on) to be in the optimal conditions before the measurement. For the validation of the infrared image method, the environment temperature was also recorded by the T & RH sensors with 6 testing points in the north and south sides of the barn. The T thermocouples were installed at the height of 1.5 m (the same level as standing cattle) and automatically measured the enveloped structure temperature. A data acquisition system (Agilent 34972A) was applied for continuous data collection. The results showed that the thermal imaging method could be used for the detection of thermal properties in some places unavailable for the contact measurement, such as side walls, roof, and shutter. Compared with the theoretical value obtained from the theoretical calculation, these 2 methods both had a high agreement (absolute deviation percentage was basically within 15%). However, the detection of heat transfer resistance in windows and doors by these methods was not consistent (deviation percentage was between 20% and 30%). Thermal imaging technology made comprehensive use of the site environment parameters and the actual heat value of enveloped structures, which was affected by materials aging, falling off, damp air conditions, scene construction quality, and so on. Therefore, the result from infrared imaging method on the detection of the heat transfer resistance is acceptable and reliable. The results of heat transfer resistance with some conventional methods, such as formula deduction and correlation equations, were significantly influenced by the precision of the measuring instrument, some accidental errors, and limitation on the defects detection. Therefore, the infrared image technology can be an alternative method for the detection of thermal properties in the housing system for animal.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Heat resistance
Controlled terms:Animals - Atmospheric temperature - Buildings - Data acquisition - Farm buildings - Fault detection - Heat losses - Heat transfer - Housing - Infrared imaging - Instrument errors - Surface properties - Testing - Thermocouples - Thermodynamic properties - Thermography (imaging) - Thermography (temperature measurement) - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Contact tests - Continuous data collections - Fault diagnosis and detections - Field test - Heat transfer resistance - Theoretical calculations - Thermal imaging technology - Wall
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 742.1 Photography - 746 Imaging Techniques - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 3.50e+04A, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Size 1.50e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20181304940060
Title:Non-destructive detection of melamine in milk powder using Raman hyperspectral imaging technology combined with line-scanning
Authors:Liu, Chen (1, 2, 3, 4); Yang, Guiyan (2, 3, 4); Wang, Qingyan (2, 3, 4); Huang, Wenqian (2, 3, 4); Wang, Xiaobin (2, 3, 4); Chen, Liping (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Liping(chenlp@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:277-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a scattering spectrum, Raman spectroscopy has some advantages in non-invasive detecting. The hyperspectral data contain not only conventional image but also spectral information in each pixel. In this study, a line-scanning Raman hyperspectral imaging system was built to detect and quantify the melamine mixed in the milk powder with large sample areas in a fast and nondestructive way. The Gaussian filter smoothing and an adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (air PLS) method were used to remove noise signal and fluorescence interference. The corrected images at 671.71 cm<sup>-1</sup>waveband were extracted for detecting the melamine in the milk powder. Firstly, the penetration depth of Raman signal produced by melamine in the milk powder was measured. A designed two-layer sample was applied to measure the Raman signals after passing through milk layers of different thicknesses. According to the results, the optimum thickness of mixed samples was set to be 2 mm. Then, melamine-milk mixtures with 10 different concentrations were prepared for the experiment. Each mixture was collected by a designed aluminium alloy container with a sample thickness of 2 mm. In this case, the melamine particles at the bottom of mixed sample could be collected. After data preprocessing, a linear analysis of the averaged Raman intensity of each pixel was performed, and the concentration and distribution information of the melamine particles were finally obtained using a simple binarization arithmetic in the single-band image of mixtures at 671.71 cm<sup>-1</sup>waveband. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the melamine concentration and the average Raman intensity of all pixels in the region of interest of the corrected image at 671.71 cm<sup>-1</sup>waveband, and the coefficient of determination was 0.995 4. In the binary images, the number and spatial location information of melamine particles could be visually displayed. Meanwhile, the total number of the additive pixels increased nonlinearly. It meant that the binary images from this research represented the accumulation of multiple layers in sample. At low concentrations, the Raman signal generated from the additive particles at the sub-surface is too weak to detect. When the additive concentration increases to a certain degree, the Raman signal generated from the additive particles at the sub-surface can be collected. In these areas, the pixels are identified as additive pixels even if there is no additive particle at corresponding surface. This situation led to a significant increase in the number of additive pixels. The research demonstrates that the Raman intensity in single-band corrected images can be used for quantitative analysis of melamine, and the binary images can reveal the identification and the distribution of melamine particles in the skim milk powder. More Raman active additives in powdered food could be detected in the same way. In our research, the milk powder samples can be scanned directly without any chemical reagents. The process of converting to liquid is dispensable. The limit of detection for melamine concentration was estimated as 0.01% with a total detection area of 40 mm × 80 mm each time. The results show that the line-scanning Raman hyperspectral imaging system has shown a great potential for rapid and non-invasive measurement of samples with large areas.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Additives - Binary images - Bins - Chemical analysis - Food additives - Hyperspectral imaging - Image analysis - Image segmentation - Imaging systems - Iterative methods - Least squares approximations - Melamine - Mixtures - Pixels - Raman spectroscopy - Scanning - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Additive concentrations - Coefficient of determination - Hyperspectral imaging technologies - Linescanning - Non- invasive measurements - Nondestructive detection - Penalized least-squares - Skimmed milk
Classification code:694.4 Storage - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 746 Imaging Techniques - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-02%, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20181304940030
Title:Design and test of fertilizer mass monitoring system based on capacitance method
Authors:Zhou, Liming (1); Ma, Ming (2); Yuan, Yanwei (1); Zhang, Junning (1); Dong, Xin (1); Wei, Chongfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Jilin Agricultural Mechanization Administrative Center, Changchun; 130062, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Yanwei(yyw215@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:44-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The extensive use of chemical fertilizer is considered to be one of the major pollution sources to soil and water. Variable rate fertilization is an essential part of precision agriculture that can solve the ecological and environmental problems. One of the main difficulties in variable rate fertilization is the lack of the mass flow detection equipment. In this paper, an capacitance-based system for measuring fertilizer mass flow rate was designed and tested in laboratory environment. The measuring system was composed of capacitive mass flow sensor, velocity sensor and vehicle terminal. The flow sensor consisted of 3 coplanar electrodes deposited on a fertilizer pipe defining 2 capacitors: sensing and reference capacitor, and the capacitance of the sensing capacitor varied with fertilizer material. An inductive proximity switch was selected to measure the forward speed of fertilizer machine. A vehicle terminal was used to deal with the information received from the mass flow sensor and velocity sensor signals via CAN (controller area network) bus and displayed the mass flow and total mass of the fertilizer on the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. All detected data were saved in the memory disk. In order to improve the resolution of flow sensor, the capacitive detection circuit was designed, which included a low consumption single chip microcomputer STM32F103C8T6 as the control core, a capacitive convert chip PCAP01 as the capacitance detection component, and a CAN bus transceiver TJA1050. Also, it is important to note that the sensing and reference capacitor were connected at a floating mode, ungrounded. Besides, the sensor also provided the solution for blockage detection on fertilizer machine. If the capacitance of the mass flow sensor reached the alarm threshold, an alarm was triggered and the status red LED on the sensor blinked steadily. Main interface of upper desk was developed using the Labwindows/CVI software. The advantages of this software were presented by the process of modular design, including parameters setup, mass flow and velocity information acquisition and processing, mass flow curve real-time display, data storage and replay. The influence of ambient temperature on output of the capacitance sensor was analyzed in the laboratory firstly. The data collected from the temperature experiments showed that output value of the differential capacitance sensor did not vary with temperature ranging from 15 to 55℃. It showed that the differential capacitance method effectively eliminated the influence of ambient temperature changes on the measurement stability. At the same time, 3 types of fertilizers (N, P, K) were used as the samples to study the relationship between fertilizer mass flow and sensor output capacitance. According to the experiment data, there was a significant linear positive correlation between the capacitance and mass flow. Then, the linear regression models were established based on the MATLAB R2008b by using the accumulated capacitance values and total mass of fertilizer. The coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>was 0.988 9 for carbamideurea (N) and 0.989 8 for calcium superphosphate (P) and 0.993 5 for potassium sulfate (K). To evaluate the system's measuring accuracy, the mass flow sensor detected a series of fertilizer samples with different rotary speeds of the fertilizer bench. The results showed that the sensor had the high accuracy of fertilizer mass flow and the maximum relative error of the monitoring system was 3.75%. In addition, the experiments on pipe blockage of fertilizer machine were also carried out. The results indicated that the blockage recognition accuracy of the system was 100%, and the maximum response time was about 1.22 s. Therefore, the feasibility of detecting mass flow of fertilizer machine based on the capacitance method was verified, as well as the reliability of the linear regression model. The monitoring system designed here can help to improve performance of the variable rate fertilization control equipment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Calcium compounds - Capacitance - Capacitive sensors - Control equipment - Control system synthesis - Controllers - Design - Digital storage - Fertilizers - Flow rate - Linear regression - Liquid crystal displays - Machinery - Mass transfer - MATLAB - Mechanization - Microcomputers - Models - Potash - Precision agriculture - Regression analysis - Sensors - Sulfur compounds - Temperature - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Cans (controller area network) - Capacitive - Coefficient of determination - Differential capacitance sensor - Inductive proximity switches - Liquid crystal display screens - Mass flow - Variable rate fertilization
Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 601 Mechanical Design - 631 Fluid Flow - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 732 Control Devices - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.75e+00%, Time 1.22e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20181304940026
Title:Design and experiment of active straw-removing anti-blocking device for maize no-tillage planter
Authors:Wang, Weiwei (1); Zhu, Cunxi (1); Chen, Liqing (1); Li, Zhaodong (1); Huang, Xin (1); Li, Jincai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jincai(ljc5122423@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:10-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Conventional farming methods with multiple operations by multiple types of machinery may lead to serious shallow soil hardening and cost increases for wheat-maize rotation cropping areas in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. In addition, there are several technical problems for the traditional maize no-tillage planter when seeding in the fields covered by heavy wheat straw, 1) soil-buried parts of the no-tillage planter are easy to be blocked by the wheat straw, which cannot guarantee the smooth operation; 2) the seeds may be improperly planted on the top of wheat straw since the soil is totally covered by the wheat straw; 3) the germinated seeds cannot grow up normally as no soil covered, which result in production declines. In the current study, an active anti-blocking device was designed for the maize no-till planter for removing wheat straw that covered on the soil surface. During seeding in the field, the wheat straw that covered on the surface was disrupted and thrown into the air by the device and was transferred backward before it landed. Then, the planter would ditch, fertilize and seed in the cleaned field produced by the device. At the last, the smashed straw was evenly covered on the fields after planting. The structural parameters and motion parameters of the anti-blocking device were determined based on a simulation model built by the discrete element method (DEM). The model was composed of soil, full-coverage straw, and device, which can be used to simulate the process of removing the unsupported straw from the soil surface. The model and interaction system was established in EDEM 2.6 simulation environment, and their physical properties were calibrated with the real properties of lime concretion black soil and wheat straw. According to theoretical design to set simulation parameters, the radius of the cutter head was set to 120 mm, the driving speed of the cutter shaft was set to 500 r/min, and the depth of the cutting edge was set to 10 mm, the operating velocity of the active anti-blocking device was set to 4 km/h.The simulation experiment was used to analyze the displacement and the clearance rate of straw for selecting suitable structural parameters and motion parameters for design. The simulation results indicated that the tangential force of the cutting edge was irregularly fluctuating with time, and the average tangential force was 5.8 N; the straw clearance rate was 98.5% in the disrupted zone, the average width of the area without straw was 245.5 mm according to the random sampling, which was in accordance with the requirement of ditching, fertilizing, and seeding. The field experiment was carried out by a straw-removing maize no-tillage planter with the designed anti-blocking device mounted, for ditching, fertilizing and seeding, within a field covered by 1.24 kg/m<sup>2</sup>wheat straw with stubble height of 40 mm. The planter was hauled by a high-power tractor of over 55 kW with an operating velocity of 4 km/h and a working width of 2 400 mm, resulting in a pure productivity of more than 0.56 hm<sup>2</sup>/h. The field experiment and measurement results showed that the straw-removing no-tillage planter with an active anti-blocking device had a stable operation that can significantly improve the seeding environment. The number of clear straw was 0, the straw clearance rate was 90.21%, and reduced by 8.29 percentage points compared with the simulated value. This study illustrated that the maize no-tillage planter with active anti-blocking device was suitable for removing the covering straw, cleaning the seedbed, fertilizing, and covering the seedbed with wheat straw. Meanwhile, the research provides a reference for the design and extending of the no-tillage planter for the fields with full coverage of straw.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Computer simulation - Cutting - Cutting tools - Design - Finite difference method - Lime - Machinery - Mechanization - Nobelium - Shaft displacement - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Active anti-blocking - Interaction systems - Multiple operations - No-tillage seeding - Production declines - Simulation environment - Simulation parameters - Structural parameter
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 622.1 Radioactive Materials, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.02e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+01%, Power 5.50e+04W, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+02RPM, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.20e-01m, Size 2.40e+00m, Size 2.45e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Surface_Density 1.24e+00kg/m2, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20181304940057
Title:Analysis on evolution stages of agricultural landscape in metropolitan based on variable structure co-integration test
Authors:Ren, Guoping (1, 2); Liu, Liming (1); Guan, Qingchun (1); Ma, Cong (1); Sun, Jin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Management, Hunan City University, Yiyang; 413000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Liming(liulm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:249-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The economic growth and the change of agricultural landscape resources quantity have significant temporal variability and evolution stages. Researching the relationship between the 2 parties and recognizing the stage characteristics have always been a hot topic in the region of resource economics. This study tried to find the point of structural mutation, divided the evolution stages of urban agricultural landscape, and analyzed the reasons. It used time series data of the economic growth and the change of agricultural landscape resources quantity in the year from 1978 to 2015. Meanwhile, it also used the Gregory-Hansen integration test with structural break to analyze the relationship between them in the western suburbs of Qingpu District in Shanghai City. The results showed that: 1) The co-integration test of long period without considering the structural break point was not suitable for the Qingpu District which had been in the transitional period; the co-integration test with structural break analysis could reflect the change of economic and social structure in long time, and reflect the long-term equilibrium relationship between the economic and social system. It was difficult to capture the sudden change of economic sequence in a long time with the static integration analysis without considering the structural change. Meanwhile, it was also difficult to describe the changes of economic relations and economic structure. However, variable structure co-integration analysis could accurately and timely capture the mutation time of economic time series, and reveal the true relationship between economic variables. 2) The evolution of agricultural landscape could be divided into 3 stages in Qingpu District during the period of 1978-2015: Low level synergy stage (1978-1995), reverse push stage (1995-2007) and economic pull stage (2007-2015). The characteristics of low level synergy stage were slow economic growth, slow change in agricultural landscape area and low level coordination of agricultural landscape land elements to economic growth. In the reverse push stage, the characteristics were the sharp decrease of agricultural landscape resources. Agricultural landscape resources, which were the important economic stimulus resources, supported the rapid economic development, and its fast consumption had become the cost of economic growth. And in the economic pull stage, the characteristics were the reduction of the agricultural landscape area, and the input of agricultural landscape resources conformed to the requirement of economic growth. The land elements of agricultural landscape resources played an important role as one of the elements that participated in economic growth. 3) The economic growth was realized at the expense of agricultural landscape resources in Qingpu District. The analysis of the long-term equilibrium parameters of the error correction model showed that the values in the 3 stages were negative (-0.438, -0.919 and -0.223). From the analysis of variable structure causality test, the decrease of the number of agricultural land landscapes in the 3 stages was the Granger reason for economic growth. These results could well prove that during the period of the year from 1978 to 2015, the growth of economic in Qingpu District inevitably led to the reduction of the number of agricultural landscapes. The results are helpful to coordinate the economic development in that region and the protection of agricultural landscape resources. They also can provide scientific references for the less developed regions to better handle with the relationship between economic development and protection of agricultural landscape resources.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Economic analysis - Economics - Error correction - Integration - Land use - Structural analysis - Telecommunication industry - Testing - Time series - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural landscapes - Economic growths - Land consolidations - Qingpu district - Structural break
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.2 Calculus - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20181304940033
Title:Analysis and test of feeding performance of dual-spiral cow feeding device based on EDEM
Authors:Qi, Jiangtao (1); Meng, Hewei (1); Kan, Za (1); Li, Chengsong (1); Li, Yaping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Hewei(mhw_mac@shzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:65-71
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Dairy industry is an economic and efficient livestock husbandry, and it is also an important component of modern agriculture. The healthy development of dairy industry is of great significance for improving the structure of agriculture, for improving the living standards of the people and for promoting the development level of animal husbandry and breeding industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of all sectors of society, people's living standards are improved; the demand for dairy products and quality requirements are increasing. However, the traditional way of artificial feeding has been unable to meet the needs of rapid development of large scale dairy farms, and scientization, intelligence and automation for cow feeding process have become an inevitable trend. Therefore, for the feeding status of concentrate for dairy cattle, a feeding device based on equal diameter and dual-spiral precision feeding is designed in this paper, which can achieve the accurate supply of concentrate according to the demand of individual cow feeding. The device is mainly composed of a storage bunker, a dual-spiral feeding device and a control system, and the 2 kinds of screw pitches of the dual-spiral feeding device are 40 and 70 mm, respectively. The screw auger device of 70 mm pitch is used to improve the feeding efficiency of the device. And the screw auger device of 40 mm pitch is used to improve the feeding accuracy. By combining the screw auger devices of big pitch and small pitch, the feeding of pellet feed can be quickly and accurately completed within a specified time. The specific work process is as follows: When feeding the target quantity, start both of the material supply ways at the same time; when 80% is completed, stop the screw auger device of big pitch (70 mm pitch), and the screw auger device of small pitch (40 mm pitch) continues to feed until achieving target feed delivery. In the process of design and research, the main structure parameters of the pellet feed feeding device are designed. The dual-spiral feeding device is modeled by using Solidworks software, and EDEM (enhanced discrete element method) software is used to simulate the feeding process of the screw auger devices of 40 and 70 mm at different rotating speeds (80, 100 and 120 r/min) respectively. The results showed that the variation coefficient of the screw auger device of 40 mm pitch was 0.052 2 when the rotation speed was 120 r/min, the variation coefficient of the screw auger device of 70 mm pitch was 0.105 2 when the rotation speed was 100 r/min. In order to further verify the simulation results, a cow feeding device based on equal diameter and dual-spiral precision feeding was set up. Feeding speed stability index was described by variation coefficient, relative error was used to evaluate feeding precision index, and feeding performance test of the screw auger devices of 40 and 70 mm pitch was carried out. The feeding speed was measured at 5, 8 and 10 s in different rotation speeds, and the repetition experiment was carried out 10 times. The results showed when the rotation speed of the screw auger device of 40 mm pitch was 120 r/min and that of the screw auger device of 70 mm pitch was 100 r/min, the feeding stability was the best. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. On the basis of the feeding stability of the verification device, the feeding accuracy was tested. The screw auger devices of 40 and 70 mm pitch cooperate in different working speeds, feeding accuracy is not less than 95%; when the rotation speed of the screw auger device of 40 and 70 mm pitch is 120 and 100 r/min, respectively, the feeding time is 14.1 s, the actual feeding quantity is 6.009 kg, and the device feeding accuracy is not less than 99.835%. The results conform to the requirements of the cow precise feeding for efficiency and precision.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Feeding
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Augers - Control systems - Convergence of numerical methods - Dairy products - Efficiency - Models - Pelletizing - Rotation - Screws - Shafts (machine components) - Speed - Stability - Standardization - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Dual-spiral - Feeding devices - Feeding speed - Inevitable trends - Modern agricultures - Products and quality - Solidworks software - Variation coefficient
Classification code:502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 601.2 Machine Components - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 6.01e+00kg, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.98e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+02RPM, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m, Time 1.00e+01s, Time 1.41e+01s, Time 8.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20181304940034
Title:Test on airflow field and spray characteristics for long-range air-blast sprayer
Authors:Chen, Jianze (1); Song, Shuran (2, 3, 4, 5); Sun, Daozong (2, 3, 4, 5); Hong, Tiansheng (1, 3, 4, 5); Zhang, Long (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (5) Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Mountainous Orchard Machinery, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Song, Shuran(songshuran@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:72-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:When the long-range air-blast sprayer is carrying out spraying, droplets are sent to the distant targets by the high speed air flow from fan. At the same time, the air flow in spatial wind field will blow the targets and shake the target branches, which allows droplets attachment to the back and surface of leaves of target crops as well as the surface and inner of the fruit tree canopy. It has been reported that the deposition and distribution of droplets on the fruit trees are mainly affected by blowing volume of air-blast sprayer fan, which is determined by the wind speed of the fan. Therefore, the characteristics of wind field with air-blast sprayer and the variations of wind speed will directly affect the control effects on pests and diseases in orchards. Scholars from China and other countries have done much research on the air-assisted sprayer in orchards. The range of the sprayer is relatively short, which can be applied to the orchard plant protection in plain areas. In addition, in the research on the long-range air-blast sprayer (also called cannon sprayer), most of them focus on the penetrativity, deposition and distribution of droplets, optimal designs of sprayer and variations of droplet diameter. Based on above, the study in this paper focused on spatial wind field and spray characteristics for long-range air-blast sprayer. As the prototype for testing, the long-range air-blast sprayer is equipped with 10 hollow-cone type nozzles distributed circumferentially, which are evenly distributed on the round outlet edge of spray-duct. The followings are the instruments and equipments used in the test: AZ-8901 anemometer with wind speed measurement range of 0.4-35 m/s, resolution of 0.01 m/s, and accuracy of ±2%; wind speed measurement positioning frame (homemade) which is 3 m high and 2 m wide and its grid size is 11 cm × 11 cm with a wire radius of 1.25 mm; a digital microscope with a magnification from 1 to 300. With the wind speed measurement positioning frame, the tests on the characteristics of spatial wind field for long-range air-blast sprayer and on the spraying width were carried out. The wire of sampling frame can be regarded as the cylinder in the flow field. When measuring, the anemometer was 20 mm away from the sampling frame in the direction of incoming flow. Thus, the influence coefficient of wire on wind speed was calculated, which was 3.9×10<sup>-3</sup>. Therefore, the interference to the flow field caused by sampling frame can be neglected. At the same time, the wind speed in testing environment had a great influence on the test and the measurement of spatial wind field and spray characteristics for long-range air-blast sprayer. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability of the test results, repeated measurements of ambient wind speed have been carried out before each test. The test results showed that the vertical average wind speed on the axis of long-range air-blast sprayer decreased with the increase of distance between sampling point and nozzle and there was a negative logarithm relationship between them. This characteristic is in accord with the flow variations of submerged jet. The wind speed at the same sampling point in the axis direction of long-range air-blast sprayer was linearly and positively correlated to the power frequency of the fan with a high correlation coefficient. The horizontal spraying width of long-range air-blast sprayer was bilaterally symmetrical in the axial direction of spray-dust; in contrast, the vertical counterpart in the upper and lower axial direction of spray-dust was asymmetric. Bernoulli effect and Coanda effect resulted from entrainment are the important reasons for the formation of asymmetric vertical spraying width. However, the effects can be eliminated by spraying with an angle of elevation. By measuring the average wind speed at the outlet of air duct, the blowing volume was calculated. The result showed that the blowing volume of long-range air-blast sprayer and the average speed of flow at the outlet were proportional to the frequency of the fan. The sampling card method was adopted to measure the horizontal operation width of the sprayer and the width of the experimental prototype was 22 m. The long-range air-blast sprayer can be applied not only to agricultural plant protection but also to dedusting spray and dust suppressing spray for environmental purification. The findings in the study provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the production and application of the long-range air-blast sprayer.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Air - Air cleaners - Air navigation - Air purification - Anemometers - Deposition - Digital devices - Disease control - Drops - Ducts - Dust - Farms - Fighter aircraft - Flow fields - Forestry - Fruits - Nozzles - Orchards - Plants (botany) - Speed - Speed regulators - Spraying - Testing - Wind - Wire
Uncontrolled terms:Air blast - Coanda effects - Long ranges - Wind field - Wind speed
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 535.2 Metal Forming - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 732.1 Control Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.10e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.20e+01m, Size 3.00e+00m, Velocity 1.00e-02m/s, Velocity 4.00e-01m/s to 3.50e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20181304940038
Title:Optimization design of ultrasonic flowmeter flow channel based on frequency spectrum analysis
Authors:Geng, Jie (1); Li, Dong (1); Peng, Wei (1); Du, Guangsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan; 250061, China
Corresponding author:Du, Guangsheng(du@sdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:104-110
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ultrasonic flowmeter is a non-contact flow measurement method which is widely used in various regions from agricultural irrigation to food processing. The accuracy and stability of ultrasonic flowmeter can be affected by large scale vortex because the measurement basically depends on average line velocity on the ultrasonic path rather than the whole intersection scanning. For U-shape transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter, the reflection columns extend into flow area and generate vortexes. The influence on the ultrasonic measurement from different scale vortexes is known as turbulence error. By using constriction design, commercial ultrasonic flowmeters can reduce the unfavorable impact of turbulence fluctuation and then increase its signal to noise ratio (SNR). But the pressure loss caused by the necking design is correspondingly large. In order to replace the constriction and keep applicable measurement accuracy, the discussion on the sources and correction of different measurement errors of ultrasonic flowmeter is emphasized. This paper developed a numerical simulation model for ultrasonic flowmeter based on the large eddy simulation (LES) theory and also validated it. Upon the obtained LES data, the frequency spectrum analyses are firstly practiced to study the relationship between measurement accuracy and turbulent diffusion on the basic U-shape ultrasonic flowmeter without optimization. It is found that the mean flow rate at the second half of flowmeter is relatively high and the turbulent fluctuating scale is comparatively large. Breaking the large scale vortexes at the second half is probably a good way to stabilize the turbulent fluctuation. This manuscript designed three new types of U-shape ultrasonic flowmeters with grid structure, which canceled the constriction part in the U-shape ultrasonic flowmeter. The statistical characteristics of turbulent error based on 6 different U-shape ultrasonic flowmeters are compared. The best optimized design is Case 3 which can potentially replace the U-shape ultrasonic flowmeter with constriction design due to low pressure loss. It can be found that, compared to the ultrasonic flowmeter with constriction, Case 3 reduces the pressure loss by 55% and 61% under the Reynolds number of 5 000 and 50 000 respectively. The turbulent error of Case 3 under the Reynolds number of 5 000 is 0.01%, which is as small as U-shape ultrasonic flowmeter with constriction. As for large flow rate under the Reynolds number of 50 000, the turbulent errors of Case 3 and U-shape ultrasonic flowmeter with constriction are very close, which are 0.18% and 0.17%, respectively. In order to analyze the turbulence reducing effects of Case 3, the flow characteristics of Case 3 is studied. The distribution of grid structure of Case 3 has little influence on the averaged velocity in the measured path. The velocity in Case 3 is layered without good mixing, which can be regarded as the sign of less large scale fluctuation. The introduction of grid structure can restrict the low frequency pulsation, while increasing the high frequency components. As the high frequency components are easier to be smoothed out by time average, the ultrasonic measurement is optimized. If finer grid structure is introduced, the measurement error would decline and pressure loss would correspondingly increase with high possibility. It can potentially be customized by the engineering requirements in the future.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Flow measurement
Controlled terms:Channel flow - Errors - Flowmeters - Food processing - Large eddy simulation - Measurement errors - Reynolds number - Signal to noise ratio - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Structural design - Structural optimization - Turbulence - Ultrasonic flowmeters - Ultrasonic measurement - Ultrasonics - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Frequency spectra - Frequency spectrum analysis - High frequency components - Low-frequency pulsations - Pressure loss - Statistical characteristics - Transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters - Turbulence fluctuations
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 753.2 Ultrasonic Devices - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-02%, Percentage 1.70e-01%, Percentage 1.80e-01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20181304940058
Title:Response of plant community functional traits in different grasslands to enclosure and grazing in Horqin Sandy Land
Authors:Zhang, Jing (1, 2, 3); Zuo, Xiaoan (1, 2); Yang, Yang (1); Yue, Xiyuan (1); Zhang, Jing (1); Lü, Peng (1); Zhou, Xin (2); Lian, Jie (2); Liu, Liangxu (1); He, Zhaoquan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Zuo, Xiaoan(zuoxa@lzb.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:261-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Functional traits as a link between plants and environment, express plants' physiological, phenological and morphological adaptive strategy when plants face environment changes. In recent years, some trait-based means show that plant functional traits are some of the most reliable predictors of ecosystem, increasingly used to assess and predict the ecosystem feature and succession. Grazing is one of the most common utilization methods for pasture, affecting the semiarid and arid grassland ecosystems in various ways. It not only alters individual plant growth and population dynamics, but also changes soil properties, ultimately changing the vegetation composition and structure. The influence of grazing on plant communities is much greater than that of individual plant. At the community level, herbivores have extensive range of food intake, and different plant species have different response to nibbling, and therefore, it is more reasonable to explore the influence of grazing at the community level. Based on the changes of 18 dominant species in 4 different types of grassland under grazing and enclosure in Horqin sandy land, in this study, we compared the plant community functional traits in the meadow, Stipa steppe, scattered tree grassland and sandy grassland. We measured the 6 functional traits related to the process of plant growth and photosynthesis in different types of grassland under the condition of enclosure and grazing, and these traits included the plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf area (LA), leaf nitrogen content (LNN) and leaf carbon isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C). The results showed that: 1) Long term grazing increased the species richness and dominance of annuals and C<inf>4</inf>species, as well as decreased the relative biomass of perennials; 2) The SLA and δ<sup>13</sup>C in sandy grassland were higher than the other 3 types of grassland, while LDMC showed a reversed trend; 3) Grazing decreased the plant height and LA and increased the δ<sup>13</sup>C, while the other functional traits in different grasslands did not differ due to grazing; 4) Correlation relationship analysis showed that SLA was significantly and negatively correlated with LDMC in different types of grassland under both grazing and enclosure, suggesting that long term grazing did not change the negative associations of SLA and LDMC; however, long term grazing resulted in the significant and negative correlations between plant height, SLA and δ<sup>13</sup>C, as well as a significant and positive correlation between SLA and δ<sup>13</sup>C. In Horqin sandy land, long term grazing increased the proportion of annuals and C4 species, and these species had the lower plant height and LA and the higher water use efficiency, which illustrates that the grassland community adapts to the long term grazing through the change in species competition structure and function strategy trade off. Therefore, to improve the functional traits of plant community by reducing grazing pressure is helpful and meaningful to the vegetation restoration and sustainable management in the degraded grasslands.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:57
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Carbon - Economic and social effects - Ecosystems - Enclosures - Forestry - Growth (materials) - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Population statistics - Sustainable development - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Grazing - Leaf nitrogen content - Plant communities - Plants - Relationship analysis - Sustainable management - Vegetation composition - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20181304940051
Title:Bidirectional dynamic interaction model of seed traceability based on location analysis and its implementation
Authors:Fang, Yu (1); Zhu, Jingbo (1); Xu, Xue (2); Qin, Ruiying (2); Guo, Shupu (1); Zhang, Liping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China; (2) Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Liping(sangold@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:207-214
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural product safety concerns the national economy and the people's livelihood. From the starting point of agriculture production, the quality and safety of products, i.e. seeds, are especially important and need to be traced. To realize the traceability of crop seeds and help the production enterprise to analyze the operation status and realize the interactive marketing, in this paper, we constructed a bidirectional dynamic model of seed traceability based on location analysis. Through the seed electronic code, the model divided the traditional logistics information chain data into different sets of geographic codes, which were nested according to the geographical location of the distribution. The commodity seed from the factory to the user will experience a lot of path node, each path node dealer was required to writes its own geographic code. The geographic code contained the company information of the dealers at all levels and the place name information of the sale's area. In the pre-sale stage of the seed, the geographic code set information was independent of each other. When the end user queried the seed electronic code, the flag was activated and the model started to dynamically analyze the location of the user. By converting the user's latitude and longitude information, this model received the detailed address information, started match the geographical code set of information from small to large, and ultimately found the dealer information or returned warning information. The query action of the user connected the geographical code sets of all levels, and the whole traceability data chain provided the traceability result to both the enterprise and the user at this time. The enterprise-side model consisted of a collection layer, a data sharing analysis layer, and an application presentation layer. When the enterprise obtained the traceability information, it can communicate with users, collecting user's behavior data, and pushing enterprise marketing information. The enterprise-side model can be combined with supply chain data for data analysis to help improve and guide production. By selecting the data of sales and feedback of Huacheng 3366 wheat in ten counties, the goodness-of-fit was 0.997 8, which showed that the feedback from the code scanning could promote the sales. Among all the 14 092 barcode scanning position information, only 21 of them cannot be converted into the appropriate place name fields, and the model geo-code position conversion rate was around 99.851%, which can basically meet the business requirements of collecting and analyzing feedback information, helped enterprise effectively avoid the risk of transregional behavior. During the 36 months of trial operation, the monthly average number of server downtime was about 0.27 times, and the safe running days ratio was 99.087%, which can meet the requirements of enterprise traceability stability. The model was layered and independent of circulation information, which ensured the integrity, authenticity and security of traceability. The model added the bidirectional interactive data link on the traditional traceability model, so that the enterprise can interact with the user when scanning and obtain the user behavior data and push the marketing information. The model's commissioning of the geocode location conversion rate, the number of days, the site safe operation and other technical indicators can effectively help companies master the actual operation, effectively prevent the occurrence of the transregional behavior, optimize the enterprise distribution channels, it also provides a more reliable means of information for the regulatory department to manage the seed market.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Behavioral research
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Codes (symbols) - Commerce - Crops - Feedback - Location - Marketing - Models - Safety engineering - Scanning - Seed - Supply chains
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture productions - Dynamic interaction models - Electronic codes - Geographic code set - Geographical locations - Location analysis - Logistics information - Traceability information
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.4 Marketing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 914 Safety Engineering - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+00yr, Percentage 9.91e+01%, Percentage 9.99e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20181304940043
Title:Effect of soil erodibility on nitrogen and phosphorus loss under condition of freeze-thaw
Authors:Cheng, Yuting (1); Li, Peng (1); Xu, Guoce (1); Li, Zhanbin (1, 2); Wang, Tian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Guoce(xuguoce_x@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:141-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The freeze-thaw processes affect an area of 46.3% in China. The process of soil nutrient loss under freezing and thawing was seldom been studied. Under the condition of rainfall simulation, the characteristics of soil and nutrients loss under different soil water content (SWC) conditions were studied. The effects of freeze-thaw and erodibility on total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses on the loess slope were analyzed. Loess slope (LS) and freeze-thawed slope (FTS) were set, and we studied five SWCs, between 10% and 30%. The results showed that there was a significant difference in runoff/sediment associated TN and TP concentrations under different SWCs for two slopes (P<0.05). Largest runoff-associated TN and TP losses were found when the SWC was 30% and the largest sediment-associated TN and TP losses were found when the SWC was 10% in the two slopes. The sediment-associated nutrient losses dominated the total nutrient loss in all treatments, and when the SWC was 20%, average sediment-associated TN and TP losses occupied 99% of totals in the LS and FTS. The K values decreased firstly and then increased in both LS and FTS and in low SWC area. FTS soil erodibility was greater than that of the LS with an average ratio of 1.4. The influence of runoff on sediment was positively linear. The absolute slope of the regression line between runoff rate and sediment yield rate was suitable as a soil erodibility indicator. The runoff-associated and sediment-associated total TN and TP loss rates increased linearly with runoff rate and sediment yield rate under different SWCs for the two slopes. The runoff-associated TN and TP losses were mainly influenced by runoff rate, and were weakly affected by soil erodibility (P> 0.05). However, soil erodibility significantly influenced sediment-associated TN and TP losses. Since the sediment-associated TN and TP losses dominated the total TN and TP losses for the two slopes, soil erodibility also exhibited a significant influence on total TN and TP losses. The freeze-thaw effect increased total loss of TN by 1.6 times when the SWC was 10%. It increased total TP losses by 5 and 1.9 times when the SWC was 10% and 15%, respectively. Considering the SWC in the loess region was generally no more than 15%, the freeze-thaw would promote the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the loess region. The effect of soil erodibility on nitrogen loss was relevant to freezing and thawing. The nitrogen loss increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil erodibility before freezing and thawing. The nitrogen loss increased with the soil erodibility increased after freezing and thawing. While the effect of soil erodibility on phosphorus loss showed no relationship with freeze-thawing. The loss of phosphorus always increased with the soil erodibility increased. Therefore, a series of ecological construction measures should take to control soil erosion and reduce soil erodibility in order to reduce the nutrients loss in the loess region. The results provide a better understanding of soil and nutrient loss mechanisms under freeze-thaw conditions in the loess slope.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Freezing - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphorus - Runoff - Sediments - Soil moisture - Soils - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological construction - Freeze-thaw - Freezing and thawing - Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus - Nitrogen and phosphorus loss - Rainfall simulations - Soil erodibility - Soil water content
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.63e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20181304940063
Title:Optimization of whole egg liquid sterilization technology using high pressure CO<inf>2</inf>
Authors:Zu, Linlin (1); Ma, Meihu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Meihu(mameihuhn@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:299-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The production of egg liquid is often contaminated with Salmonella. Eggs and their products are at a higher risk of infection or contamination of Salmonella, with up to 23.1%. In the traditional thermal pasteurization process, egg protein is prone to degeneration coagulation. For the purpose of killing salmonella and reducing the functional properties of the egg liquid, in this experiment, we used high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) to sterilize salmonella in whole egg liquid. HPCD mainly uses the synergistic effect of temperature (5-60℃) and CO<inf>2</inf>pressure (0-50 MPa) to diffuse CO<inf>2</inf>molecules into the medium and control the metabolism of microorganisms by acidification, chemical action and mechanical action. In order to achieve the purpose of sterilization, this study examines the effects of pressurized carbon dioxide, temperature, and stirring speed on the bactericidal effect of Salmonella in whole egg liquid. Single-factor analysis was conducted to measure the effects of pressurized carbon dioxide, temperature, time and stirring speed on the sterilization efficacy. On the basis of single factor, Box-Benhnken was used to optimize the Salmonella sterilization parameters and a quadratic polynomial model was established for the logarithmic reduction of viable count of Salmonella. At the same time, the effects of pasteurization and HPCD sterilization on the particle size, foaming, emulsifying and rheological properties of the whole egg liquid were also investigated. Through the Design-Expert software, the variance and significance of the regression model were analyzed, and we can conclude that the effects of pressurized CO<inf>2</inf>, temperature, time and stirring speed on Salmonella inactivation are mostly significant (P<0.000 1). The interactions between pressurized carbon dioxide and time, pressurized carbon dioxide and stirring speed, temperature and time, temperature and stirring speed, time and stirring speed are mostly significant (P<0.000 1). The interactions between stirring speed and temperature are significant for sterilization(0.000 1<P<0.05). The interaction between pressure and temperature is not significant for sterilization (P>0.05). Under the condition that the pressurized carbon dioxide, temperature, time, and stirring speed were 30 MPa, 40℃, 60 min and 125 r/min, respectively, lethal logarithm could reach 7.25. Compared with pasteurized egg liquid, the shelf life of the whole egg liquid treated with HPCD has been extended by 39 d; the foaming ability and foaming stability of whole egg liquid increased by 53.63% and 2.38% respectively (foaming ability: from 111.51% to 140.30%; foaming stability: from 80.72% to 92.14%). HPCD sterilization increased the absolute value of Zeta potential (from 4.71 mV to 7.66 mV), which improved the stability of the emulsion. After HPCD treatment, the rheological properties of whole egg liquid had no significant difference with the original egg liquid. The whole egg liquid of particle size, storage modulus and loss modulus decreased by HPCD treatment, showing the characteristics of pseudoplastic fluid. However, the foaming ability of whole egg liquid reduced with pasteurization (from 111.51% to 86.67%); the foaming stability of whole egg liquid increased (from 80.72% to 89.76%). Pasteurization reduced the absolute value of the Zeta potential of the egg liquid (from 4.71 mV to 1.36 mV), and the whole egg liquid after pasteurization increased particle size, denatured protein aggregation, and increased storage modulus and loss modulus. This study provides reference for the sterilization of egg liquid products with HPCD sterilization technology.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Shear thinning
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Elastic moduli - Emulsification - Energy storage - Liquids - Particle size - Pasteurization - Proteins - Regression analysis - Rheology - Salmonella - Speed - Stability - Sterilization (cleaning) - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Functional properties - High-pressure carbon dioxide - Logarithmic reduction - Pressure and temperature - Pressurized carbon dioxide - Response surface optimization - Sterilization technology - Whole eggs
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 525.7 Energy Storage - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+02% to 8.67e+01%, Percentage 2.31e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+00%, Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 8.07e+01% to 8.98e+01%, Percentage 8.07e+01% to 9.21e+01%, Pressure 0.00e+00Pa to 5.00e+07Pa, Pressure 3.00e+07Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.25e+02RPM, Time 3.60e+03s, Voltage 4.71e-03V to 1.36e-03V, Voltage 4.71e-03V to 7.66e-03V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20181304940025
Title:Development status and future research emphase on greenhouse horticultural equipment and its relative technology in China
Authors:Qi, Fei (1, 2); Wei, Xiaoming (1, 2); Zhang, Yuefeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the fast increasing of greenhouse scale, the Chinese greenhouse horticultural equipment industry also developed rapidly in recent years. A complete technology system would be establishing gradually. On account of shortage for influencing mechanism between greenhouse environment and plant demand, poor matching of greenhouse with equipment and low level of the whole equipment manufacturing industry, the level of greenhouse horticultural equipment in China is lower than that in developed country in the aspects of technical content, stability, information and intelligent level. The mechanization rate of greenhouse horticulture in China is only 32.45% in 2012, and there was imbalance of mechanization rate among the processes of greenhouse horticulture such as plough, cultivate, harvest, environmental control and so on. These situation limiting the improvement of effectiveness level and labor productivity of greenhouse horticulture industry in China. After the announcement of Made in China 2025 Action Plan, it is necessary to make a systematic summary for equipment and relative technology of greenhouse horticulture in China, and to point out the research main points of the greenhouse horticultural equipment which play the real supporting function roles in greenhouse horticulture. Based on obtaining the present status of Chinese greenhouse horticulture equipment technology exactly, the level of greenhouse horticulture equipment in China was compared with that in the developed country from the aspects of seeding breeding equipment, cultivation producing equipment, logistics transporting equipment, plant management equipment, and the relative gap between countries was found. Meanwhile, the problems existing in the development of Chinese greenhouse horticulture equipment technology were point out, such as: lacking of systematic and constant research and innovation, shortage of accumulation in agronomic technique matching with equipment, absence of systematic research for future technology, insufficiency of integrity and engineering for equipment. The future key research tasks in Chinese greenhouse horticulture equipment were formulated, such as: 1)long-term collaborative research for regional greenhouse horticultural crop growth mechanism, which conducted the continues monitoring for equipment, environment and crop physiology in multi-span greenhouse, Chinese solar greenhouse in the north of China and plastic film greenhouse in the south of China, and established the relation model between mainly environment parameters and crop yield under different greenhouse equipment conditions in different region; 2)technology research for upgrade and update of Chinese solar greenhouse, which developed the new greenhouse structure and cultivation model to achieve whole year planting, labor force saving, land saving and energy saving; 3) whole industrial chain automatic production technology and equipment research, which developed the equipment for seed breeding, cultivation, harvesting and logistics, to archived vegetable automatic production in greenhouse; 4) research for greenhouse horticulture intelligent management equipment, which developed the information management software for large greenhouse production and established regional greenhouse horticulture cloud computing database; 5) research for non-cultivated land greenhouse equipment, which integrated the water saving irrigation technology and soilless cultivation technology to archive planting in greenhouse in non-cultivated land. The policy suggestions were also put forward such as making greenhouse horticultural equipment technology innovation plan, establishing technology promotion service system and so on. This article should provide an important reference for making future planning and policy by government and scientific research institutions and for guiding the innovation of Chinese greenhouse horticulture equipment technology.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:63
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Developing countries - Energy conservation - Engineering research - Environmental management - Equipment, devices and apparatus - Film growth - Industrial research - Information management - Land use - Machinery - Mechanization - Productivity - Seed - Solar heating - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese solar greenhouse - Collaborative research - Development status - Equipment manufacturing industries - Greenhouse environment - Influencing mechanisms - Information management software - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 601 Mechanical Design - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901 Engineering Profession - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.25e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20181304940047
Title:Dynamic evaluation mode for ecological environment in irrigation based on theme classify and component technology
Authors:Chai, Li (1); Zhang, Qing (2); Xie, Jiancang (1); Liu, Jianlong (3); Jiang, Rengui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrologic Engineering in Northwest in the Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Henan Water & Power Engineering Consulting CO., LTD, Zhengzhou; 450016, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Rengui(jrengui@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:174-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To resolve the limitations of traditional method for evaluating ecological environment in the irrigation area, dynamic theme service model was proposed in this paper using information technology. The evaluation themes are identified according to the problems of irrigation area. The dynamical evaluation process of ecological environment in irrigation area based on theme service is established. To build the evaluation indices library and develop the evaluation method component, the appropriate evaluation index is selected from the ecological environment evaluation indices library in the irrigated area according to the evaluation theme. The evaluation index system for specific evaluation theme is established after the optimization of indices. The evaluation theme knowledge map is drawn based on the comprehensive integrated platform and the ecological environment dynamic evaluation system is established. The evaluation methods are determined according to the characteristics of the ecological environment evaluation theme and the evaluation indices system. The corresponding component is invoked from the evaluation method component library to calculate the evaluation indices for different themes, and realize dynamic theme evaluation for the ecologic environment in irrigation area. Taking the Jinghuiqu irrigation area in Shaanxi Province as the study case, 4 evaluation themes including the ecological environment influential factor theme, the resource utilization level theme, the engineering support capacity theme and the sustainability theme are determined based on the investigation situation and concerns of the management department in the irrigation area, and the opinions of the experts. The results showed that the ecological environment in irrigation district was between good and mediocre in 2009 and 2014, and the ecological environment situation of irrigation district decreased in 2014 compared with that in 2009; from 1997 to 2014, the utilization level of irrigation resources increased year by year, and each evaluation index developed to a healthy grade year by year; the support capacity of irrigation district was mediocre in 2014, and it tended to be good; the result of irrigation district sustainability evaluation was good in 2014. As the results show: The service model can achieve dynamic evaluation of ecological environment of irrigation area quickly with multi-angle view, the evaluation result is more credible, so it has more advantages compared to the traditional evaluation method. Using the information technologies, the paper introduces a dynamic evaluation model for the ecological environment in the irrigation area based on the comprehensive integrated platform, and the results of the paper are of great importance for the healthy development of the ecological environment and ecological civilization construction in the irrigation area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sustainable development
Controlled terms:Ecology - Environmental management - Information use - Irrigation - Irrigation canals
Uncontrolled terms:Component technologies - Dynamic evaluation - Ecological environment evaluations - Ecological environments - Evaluation index system - Evaluation indices system - Sustainability evaluations - Theme service
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20181304940044
Title:Effects of rainfall patterns on hillslope soil erosion process of cinnamon soil in contour ridge system
Authors:An, Juan (1); Yu, Yan (1); Wu, Yuanzhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi; 276005, China
Corresponding author:An, Juan(anjuan0715@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:150-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Varying of rainfall intensity during rainfall events is a common phenomenon, and soil erosion processes are strongly affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall characteristics. In general, the combination of rainfall intensities in the rainfall process can be regarded as the storm pattern. In agricultural fields, the influence of storm patterns on erosion processes is largely related to tillage treatments. Contour ridging is an effective soil conservation practice and is used throughout the world. However, less information is available regarding the effect of storm pattern on soil erosion processes in a contour ridge system. In this study, the rainfall simulation experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics of runoff and sediment yielding during inter-rill and rill erosion stages under 4 storm patterns (the rising, falling, rising-falling, and falling-rising patterns) for cinnamon soil in a contour ridge system. And the ridge direction and field slope could be simultaneously changed in the experimental plot. Each storm pattern included 3 rainfall intensities, i.e. 30, 60 and 90 mm/h, which respectively lasted for 20 min during rainfall and comprised the same total rainfall amount and kinetic energy. Results showed that not only the total runoff but also sediment yield exhibited significant differences among storm patterns during both inter-rill erosion and rill erosion stages. Runoff for varied storm patterns was ranked in the following order: falling-rising > falling > rising-falling > rising pattern, but the difference in sediment yield showed a sequence of falling-rising > rising-falling > falling > rising pattern. Runoff from the falling-rising, falling, and rising-falling patterns increased by 1.49, 1.41, and 1.25 times, respectively, compared to that from the rising pattern, while the corresponding increase ratio of sediment yield was 43.03%, 3.30%, and 10.03%, respectively. However, the differences were more pronounced during the rill erosion stage. Compared with the rising pattern, runoff and sediment yield from the falling, falling-rising patterns and rising-falling during this stage increased by 8.89% and -27.05%, 77.60% and 92.59%, 193.62% and 238.89%, respectively. For a given rainfall intensity, runoff, runoff contribution rate, and sediment yield contribution rate gradually increased with the delay of rainfall intensity occurring sequence during the rainfall, while sediment yield by unit runoff presented the opposite tendency. Even at the same occurring stage of a given rainfall intensity, runoff, sediment yield, and their contribution rates were significantly different among different storm patterns, while the influence of occurring sequence for a given rainfall intensity on soil erosion process was the most obvious under 30 mm/h rainfall intensity. Power function fitted the relationship between runoff rate and sediment yield rate for both inter-rill erosion and rill erosion stages, but the exponent was lower than 2. However, there was obvious difference in the exponent of power function among storm patterns, especially in the rill erosion stage. The exponent of power function from the falling, rising-falling, and falling-rising patterns during the rill erosion stage increased by 2.46, 2.52 and 1.46 times, respectively, compared to that from the rising pattern. This indicated that storm pattern greatly affected runoff and sediment yield, especially during the rill erosion stage. This is mainly because soil erodibility and sediment production process varied with the change of storm pattern. So, the effect of storm pattern should be considered when developing soil erosion models. These findings are helpful to deeply understand erosion mechanism in a contour ridge system and supply guidance for implementing contour ridge systems.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Erosion - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Runoff - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Storms - Supply chains
Uncontrolled terms:Cinnamon soil - Conservation practices - Contour ridge system - Effects of rainfalls - Rainfall characteristics - Rainfall patterns - Runoff and sediment yields - Simulated rainfall
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -2.71e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+02%, Percentage 2.39e+02%, Percentage 3.30e+00%, Percentage 4.30e+01%, Percentage 7.76e+01%, Percentage 8.89e+00%, Percentage 9.26e+01%, Time 1.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20181304940048
Title:Real-time non-contact monitoring method for growth parameters of sheep based on image analysis
Authors:Zhang, Lina (1, 2); Wu, Pei (1); Wuyun, Tana (1); Xuan, Chuanzhong (1); Ma, Yanhua (1); Chen, Pengyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Innner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Facilities in Grass and Livestock Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot; 010022, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Pei(jdwupei@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:182-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Monitoring the growth performance is imperative to profitable sheep production. Knowledge of daily growth rates provides producers with information that can assist them in making effective management decisions. With the development of intensive sheep farming, small adjustments in production can have a large effect on overall performance and profits in growing-finishing units. The parameters of body size and body weight reflect the animal's growth development, production performance and genetic characteristics. By using the records of the body size parameters, producers can monitor and estimate the feeding programs, herd health status, individual sheep growth characteristics, breeding, and so on. So, monitoring body size and body weight in real time is necessary. However, the present way of determining these parameters is normally by men, e.g. the sheep has to stand on a flat place with correct posture during measuring the body size with measuring stick, tape measure, and so on, and the sheep has to be tied up or hung up on scales when weighting, which has the shortcoming in causing the stress reaction of the sheep. In this work, a non-contact system with 3 high-resolution cameras was developed for automatically obtaining both the body dimension landmarks in 3 views and the body weight (BW). A software, developed in MATLAB environment, has been used to process the images and to obtain the points position in the image and the distances between the points. The measured body parameters included withers height (WH), rump height (RH), body length (BL), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), and rump width (RW). A left camera and a right camera were used to restrain errors of WH, RH, BL and CD, and the average was performed to avoid precision reduction caused by the object deviating from the camera optical axis when using a single side camera. sixty small-tailed Han sheep (adult, females, not pregnant) with different ages (from 12 to 36 months, mean 65.48±8.58 kg) were weighed and recorded with 0.1 kg precision scale in the morning before their release for feeding in order to minimize the post-prandial variation. The measurement results in farm showed that the complementary parameters of left and right views could improve the accuracy of the measurement system, and the average of several measurements could reduce the deviation from the actual value obtained by single measurement of the multi postures. The maximum relative errors of WH, RH, BL, CD, CW and RW were 4.73%, 2.55%, 2.50%, 3.95%, 3.80% and 2.90%, respectively. In order to prove the usefulness of the monitored parameters, the body sizes of each animal were used to predict the weight by a few methods, including single variable linear regression, single variable nonlinear regression, stepwise multiple linear regression (stepwise-MLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), radial basis function network (RBF), and support vector machine (SMV). Results showed that, the body size got by image processing and liveweight had a higher correlation. In the process of single variable analysis, only the BL was reserved to the prediction model, for it was more significant to liveweight. It was found that by using the SVM method, the standard deviation and average error in model validation were the minimum, which reached 3.82 kg and 4.32% respectively. So the parameters got by image processing can be used for monitoring the growth of sheep. Through the in-situ test, it proved that the real-time monitoring method of sheep's growth eases the livestock measuring workload greatly and overcomes the limitations of manual measurement, and it's worth popularizing and making more efforts to improve the precision management and welfare farming of sheep.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Anthropometry - Cameras - Computer vision - Errors - Growth (materials) - Image analysis - Least squares approximations - Linear regression - MATLAB - Monitoring - Optical data processing - Profitability - Radial basis function networks - Regression analysis - Scales (weighing instruments) - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Contactless measurement - Genetic characteristics - Live-sheep - Maximum relative errors - Non-contact monitoring - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Production performance - Stepwise multiple linear regression
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+00yr to 3.00e+00yr, Mass 1.00e-01kg, Mass 3.82e+00kg, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 2.55e+00%, Percentage 2.90e+00%, Percentage 3.80e+00%, Percentage 3.95e+00%, Percentage 4.32e+00%, Percentage 4.73e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20181304940049
Title:Pesticide spraying route planning algorithm for grapery based on Kinect video technique
Authors:Xiao, Ke (1, 2); Gao, Guandong (3); Ma, Yuejin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science & Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) Department of Information Management, The National Police University for Criminal Justice, Baoding; 071000, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Yuejin(mayuejin58@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:192-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper performs a precise spraying algorithm and builds an experimental platform including hardware of spraying equipment and software of spraying route planning algorithm. With the color images and depth images captured by Microsoft Kinect, it proposes leaf wall area (LWA) average distance calculation method based on spline regions and spraying route planning method based on route deviation for precise spraying of grapery. The purpose of this algorithm is to optimize the spraying route for keeping the suitable distance between LWA and sprinkling nozzle, and reduce the waste or pollution of the pesticides. The algorithm consists of 2 modules including LWA segmentation and distance estimation module, and optimal spraying route planning module. Firstly, to detect the distance between the platform and LWA, the morphological method is adopted to segment the color video frames captured by Kinect for dividing the LWA region accurately. The binary images were created by green layer minus red layer in color images. Then, closing and opening operation were performed for filling and de-noising. And to get continuous LWA, 300 pixels filling algorithm was used to fill the hollows or gaps in LWA. Secondly, a method of calculating LWA average distance based on spline regions is proposed combined with the information of depth image, which is used to accurately estimate the distance between spraying equipment and LWA precisely. The average distance is more reliable than single point distance because there are usually some hollows and gaps in LWA, which will lead to big errors when fetching the distance data from depth image. Finally, a route deviation and correction planning method is presented to guide and keep the spraying system in the optimal route. The errors that result from the spraying system drifting off the route center were computed by the LWA average distance to adjust the spraying arm into optimal spraying distance. And the corrective navigation lines were calculated by these errors and drawn in the video to plan the best spraying route. In the hardware of the precise spray experimental platform, the self-propelled spraying equipment with adjustable sprayer arms was designed and implemented. The self-propelled spraying platform included an air assisted sprayer and 2 moving sprayer arms with 4 nozzles, a Kinect at the head of platform, a laptop PC (personal computer) for planning the spraying route, and a power supply. To test the effectiveness of this algorithm, the experimental data were collected at 30 positions randomly within a big grapery in the North China. The experimental results showed that the differences and variance of the spray distance and route deviation between calculated values and measured values were small. The mean square errors of spraying distance were 3.7 and 1.9 cm respectively at the left and right of spraying system. And the variance of route deviation was 2.29 cm, which is also small. According to the adjusting range of sprayer arms, it will not affect the results of estimating best spraying distance and route. Therefore, it is proved that the results of this algorithm are accurate, and this spraying system can accurately estimate the spraying distance and plan the optimal route to spray precisely in grapery. Moreover, the processing time of the algorithm was also tested, which is 0.574 9 s per frame without program optimization. Hence improving the speed and realizing the real-time system is one of the important parts in our further work<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Agricultural implements - Agricultural machinery - Algorithms - Atomizers - Binary images - Color - Computer hardware - Errors - Hardware - Image segmentation - Interactive computer systems - Mean square error - Nozzles - Optimization - Personal computers - Pesticides - Real time systems - Software testing
Uncontrolled terms:Air-assisted sprayer - Depth image - Distance estimation - Experimental platform - Grapery - Leaf wall area - Program optimization - Spraying distance
Classification code:605 Small Tools and Hardware - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.90e-02m, Size 2.29e-02m, Size 3.70e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20181304940037
Title:Review on soil water movement affected by soil water repellency
Authors:Wang, Qiuling (1); Shi, Fanxin (1); Liu, Zhipeng (2); Xiong, Yunwu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang; 236037, China; (2) Colloge of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (3) Colloge of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Zhipeng(zpliu0306@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:96-103
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil water repellency (SWR) is a normal property with major repercussions for plant growth, surface and subsurface hydrology, and for soil erosion. Important advances have been made since the late 1960s in identifying the range of environments affected by SWR, its characteristics and its hydro-geomorphological impacts. In this review, we outlined the concept of SWR, summarized the commonly used methods of soil water content (SWC) measurement and classification criterion, but focused particularly on recent advances in identifying the impacts of SWR on water movements, and indicated the existing research gaps. Significant advances relating to the impacts of SWR on the hydraulic properties as well as the dynamics of water infiltration and evaporation in these unique systems were discussed. SWR affected the matric potential through the contact angle, and shifts the water entry values. The wetting branch of water retention curves is strongly affected by the contact angle, in contrast, effects for the drying branch are minimal, SWR can resist or retard surface water infiltration. Besides the retardation or resistance of surface water infiltration, water repellent soils have been associated with fingered flow. Fingers are known to have a distinctive nonmonotonic saturation profile, with water accumulation behind the wetting front (tip) and lower saturation above it (tail). This nonmonotonic saturation profile is known as saturation overshoot. Saturation overshoot is associated with capillary pressure overshoot and has been confirmed to be the cause for gravity driven fingering. However, the saturation overshoot cannot be described by the Richards equation, the primary unsaturated flow equation. Richards' equation in its basic form, along with the standard (monotonic) pressure-saturation relations is incompatible with the saturation overshoot for fingered flow. Modifications of Richards' equation and other approaches have been proposed to account for and describe the nonmonotonicity of the saturation field. In comparison with numerous work on infiltration, studies on evaporation are relatively less but show uniform results, namely SWR suppresses soil evaporation. Percolation-based morphological pore network modeling of evaporation confirms the results. Experimental and modeling results suggest that water repellency affects liquid phase continuity in partially wettable porous media and reduces the evaporation characteristic length relative to capillarity effects. Major research gaps, however, remain in (a) identifying the exact role of, and the interactions between the variables controlling the development and effectiveness of flow pathways through repellent soils; (b) establishing and improving the models with new mechanisms with consideration of the effects of SWR in controlling fingers, and proposing the relevant analytical and numerical methods for solving these new models. Improved understanding of effects of SWR will enable its overall roles in surface and subsurface hydrological and erosion processes to become more clearly defined.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:70
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Capillarity - Contact angle - Erosion - Evaporation - Moisture - Numerical methods - Porous materials - Soil moisture - Soils - Solute transport - Solvents - Surface waters - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical and numerical methods - Characteristic length - Classification criterion - Finger flow - Morphological pore network model - Soil hydraulic properties - Soil water repellency - Water repellency
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20181304940041
Title:Analysis on temporal and spatial variation of drought in Henan Province based on SPEI and TVDI
Authors:Chen, Shaodan (1); Zhang, Liping (1, 2); Tang, Rouxin (1); Yang, Kai (2); Huang, Yongqi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) College of Tourism Culture and Geographical Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang; 438000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Liping(zhanglp@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:126-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the context of global warming, drought is the most complex and damaging natural disaster, which becomes more and more frequent, causing negative impacts on agriculture, water resources, natural ecosystems, and society activities. There are several kinds of drought indices derived from station-based meteorological data that are widely used for monitoring drought evolution, mainly including the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The SPEI not only considers precipitation and temperature data, but also integrates the sensitivity of PDSI to changes in evaporation demand and the simplicity of calculation and the multi-scale features of the SPI that identify different types of drought. Therefore, the SPEI was used to describe the drought severity determined by the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, based on the monthly meteorological data from 1961 to 2016 in Henan Province. And the regional SPEI was obtained at different time scales (1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month) to characterize the dry or wet conditions in the study area. And the 1-month SPEI can clearly see the subtle changes of drought occurrence and reflect a short-term condition; the 3-month SPEI provides the seasonal drought occurrence; the 12-month SPEI reflects the drought variation at inter-annual time scales. In addition, the remote sensing method, which can provide large coverage, and multispectral and multitemporal observations from satellite sensors at various scales, is another method used to monitor drought conditions on a regional scale, especially in the areas with few meteorological stations. Numerous studies have suggested that a combination of surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) can reveal information on the regional drought conditions. Here, the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) based on the interpretation of the simplified NDVI-LST space for estimating drought conditions was selected to monitor drought conditions on a regional scale, and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used, which has many advanced characteristics such as wide spectral range, high temporal resolution and low cost. And the correlation between SPEI and TVDI was calculated. The results showed that SPEI was increasing slightly at different time scales during the period of 1961-2016, indicating that Henan was getting more humid. As the time scale increased, the amplitude of the SPEI decreased. However, the distribution in Henan has been uneven. Annually, droughts occurred in 1961, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1978, 1981, 1986, 1988, 1997, 2001 and 2013. Moreover, drought frequency was selected to calculate the probability of drought occurrence. During the period of 1961-2016, Zhengzhou had the highest frequency (33.10%), followed by Xinyang and Luanchuan (32.14% and 31.55%, respectively), whereas Luoyang and Xihua had the lowest frequency (25.10% and 25.30%, respectively). Correlation analysis between monthly TVDI and SPEI showed that there existed negative relationship between 1-month SPEI and TVDI, and as TVDI got smaller, SPEI became higher, reflecting that the severity of drought was lighter, and conversely drought would aggravate as TVDI got larger and SPEI became lower. Therefore, our study on the relationship between SPEI and TVDI can provide a scientific basis for early warning and risk management of water resources and agricultural production.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Atmospheric temperature - Disasters - Evapotranspiration - Global warming - Meteorology - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Risk management - Satellite imagery - Space optics - Surface properties - Time measurement - Vegetation - Water management - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Climate changing - Henan Province - MODIS - SPEI - TVDI
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 655.2 Satellites - 656.1 Space Flight - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+00yr, Age 2.50e-01yr, Age 8.33e-02yr, Percentage 2.51e+01%, Percentage 2.53e+01%, Percentage 3.16e+01%, Percentage 3.21e+01%, Percentage 3.31e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20181304940050
Title:Inversion model of soil salt content based on WorldView-2 image
Authors:Hasan, Umut (1, 2); Sawut, Mamat (1, 2, 3); Nurmamat, Ilyas (1, 2); Sawut, Rukiya (1, 2); Wang, Jingzhe (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry of Education, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Wisdom City and Environment Modeling, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Sawut, Mamat(korxat@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:200-206
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salinization has become one of the global environmental issues, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to prevent its further deterioration, it is important to monitor soil salinity timely, quantitatively and dynamically. Remote sensing technique has become a promising method to detect and monitor the soil salinity due to its many advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of quantitative inversion of soil salt content based on the WorldView-2 images with high spatial resolution. In this paper, Keriya River basin, Xinjiang, China was selected as the study area. Based on the WorldView-2 image data and soil salt content, this paper used 2 kinds of methods including the partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) to establish the quantitative inversion models of soil salt content. Soil salinity information was extracted from the WorldView-2 data, which was synchronized with field sampling time, and covered an area of 1.2 km × 1 km. The distance between adjacent sampling points was 100 m in east-west direction, and 200 m in north-south direction. Sixty-six sampling points were designed in the study area, and digging depth in soil was 20 cm. Hand-held GPS (global position system) receiver was used to record the coordinates of sampling points, and the soil salt content and soil spectra were measured in the indoor. Spectral radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction were performed on the WorldView-2 data to match the image data with the measured reflectance spectra. The measurement of soil spectra was conducted using an ASD (analytical spectral devices) FieldSpec3 portable spectro radiometer (American Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc.) at wavelengths from 350 to 2500 nm with a sampling interval of 1.4 nm from 350 to 1000 nm and 2 nm from 1000 to 2500 nm. The edge bands including 350-399 and 2401-2500 nm were removed from the measured spectral data, and the remaining 400-2400 nm spectrum curve was smoothed with Savitzky-Golay smoothing method in software OriginPro. Original soil spectral data were continuum-removed in ENVI 5.1 to analyze the spectral characteristics of soil. Correlation analysis between the original and two-order derivative of measured reflectance data and the soil salinity was performed by using Pearson correlation analysis method, and the significant bands were used to establish the inversion model. The geographic locations and surface reflectance of the soil samples were obtained precisely from WorldView-2 multi-spectral data. Spectral reflectance of each band of WorldView-2 data was simulated by calculating a weighted average of the measured reflectance spectra to reduce the error resulted from the spectral resolution difference of the image derived spectra and measured reflectance spectra. PLSR model was established, in which the reflectance of 4 bands i.e. B3, B4, B5 and B7 of WorldView-2 image and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and RVI (ratio vegetation index) were selected as independent variables, and salt content was used as dependent variable. Three-layer BP neural network model was established in which the input layer was made up of the reflectance of 4 bands of WorldView-2 image (B3, B4, B5 and B7) and NDVI and RVI, and the number of net neurons was 6; the output layer was a neuron corresponding to the salt content of sampling point. After a lot of tentative computation, the optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer was selected as 8. The results showed that: 1) The prediction accuracy of BP neural network model based on WorldView-2 image data was higher than the PLSR model in the study area, and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), root mean square error (RMSE) and residual prediction deviation (RPD) were 0.851, 0.979 and 2.337 respectively for the former and 0.814, 1.139 and 2.007 respectively for the latter. 2) The spatial resolution of salinity mapping could be improved by using WorldView-2 images. The NDVI and the RVI were helpful to reduce the influence of vegetation cover and soil moisture on the prediction accuracy. This inversion model established in this paper can meet the needs of monitoring salinization in arid and semi-arid area and promote the further application of WorldView-2 high spatial resolution satellite in the monitoring of salinization.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Backpropagation - Correlation methods - Curve fitting - Forecasting - Image enhancement - Image resolution - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Network layers - Neural networks - Neurons - Reflection - Remote sensing - Salinity measurement - Soil moisture - Soils - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Back-propagation artificial neural network - Inversion models - Normalized difference vegetation index - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - River basins - Spectral data - Three layer BP neural network - Worldview-2
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+02m, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 1.00e-06m to 2.50e-06m, Size 1.40e-09m, Size 2.00e+02m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-09m, Size 2.40e-06m to 2.50e-06m, Size 3.50e-07m to 1.00e-06m, Size 3.50e-07m to 2.50e-06m, Size 4.00e-07m to 2.40e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20181304940039
Title:Effects of lime and water management on uptake and translocation of cadmium in rice
Authors:Shi, Lei (1); Guo, Zhaohui (1); Liang, Fang (1); Peng, Chi (1); Xiao, Xiyuan (1); Feng, Wenli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Zhaohui(zhguo@csu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:111-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element, and can be readily accumulated in crops and thus harm human health by food chain. Agricultural paddy soil contaminated by Cd has become very obvious environmental problem in South China. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a kind of important crop and main daily diet and has been considered to be a major source of Cd intake by humans in some parts of southern China. The accumulation of Cd in rice in Cd contaminated paddy field easily exceeds 0.2 mg/kg, which is the limit according to the National Standard of Pollutant in Food of China (GB 2762-2012). In order to reduce the effect of Cd on human body, animal and plant, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of liming application at rice tillering stage on the distribution and migration characteristics of Cd in organs of rice at the different growth stages under the treatment of intermittent irrigation and flooding in whole growth period. The 4 treatments were designed as follows: 1) Intermittent irrigation treatment, and the plot was irrigated following the local conventional irrigation method to maintain being flooded with 3-5 cm water above the soil surface until the late tillering stage and then was drained, followed by intermittent irrigation 2 times (WCK); 2) intermittent irrigation + lime (WL); 3) flooding in whole cultivation, and the plot was flooded during the whole period of crop growth, in which water was kept at a height of 3-5 cm above the soil surface (FCK); 4) flooding in whole cultivation + lime (FL). Lime (1 500 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) was applied to the paddy soil after the samples were collected at tillering stage. The samples were collected at stages of tillering, filling and maturity, respectively. The results showed that the intermittent and continuous flooding treatment combined with lime application at rice tillering stage increased significantly the soil pH values and decreased the available Cd mass fraction in the soil. Application of lime caused the transforming of acid-soluble Cd into oxidizable, reducible and residual states. Moreover, application of lime in the treatment of flooding in whole growth period could increase iron (Fe) mass fraction in the soil. After liming, the Cd mass fraction of brown rice significantly reduced from 0.86 to 0.56 mg/kg under intermittent irrigation treatment and from 0.77 to 0.34 mg/kg under the treatment of flooding in whole growth period. Meanwhile lime application reduced significantly the bioconcentration factor of Cd in shoot at filling stage (P<0.05), while the bioconcentration factor of Cd in root and brown rice at maturity stage was also decreased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, at maturity stage the translocation factor from root to shoot and that from shoot to brown rice decreased significantly under the treatment of flooding in whole growth period combined with lime application (P<0.05). The rice yield averagely increased by 10% with lime application. Correlation analysis indicated that Cd mass fraction in brown rice was significantly positively correlated with the available Cd mass fraction in soil and the Cd accumulation in aboveground part of rice, and was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value. In all, the results indicated that the intermittent irrigation and flooding in whole growth period combined with lime application at tillering stage were effective ways to reduce uptake of Cd in rice in contaminated paddy soil without yield loss, especially the flooding treatment combined with lime application.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Bioaccumulation - Cadmium - Chemical contamination - Crops - Cultivation - Floods - Heavy metals - Irrigation - Lime - pH - Soils - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Bio-concentration factors - Correlation analysis - Different growth stages - Environmental problems - Intermittent irrigations - Rice - Rice (Oryza sativa L.) - Translocation factor
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 3.00e-02m to 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20181304940032
Title:Mechanical characteristic analysis of drawing and cutting process for greenhouse vegetable harvester based on energy balance theory
Authors:Gao, Guohua (1); Wang, Kai (1); Yuan, Yanwei (2); Liu, Jingfang (1); Wang, Tianbao (1); Sun, Xiaona (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:58-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A novel vegetable cutting mechanism is designed and fabricated, which is capable of measuring cutting force and blade displacement in real time. Rhizome tissue of lettuce is selected as cutting object of vegetable cutting mechanism. And a series of experiments were carried out with the vegetable cutting mechanism under drawing force. The drawing force has contribution to separating rhizome tissue of lettuce from soil slightly, which will facilitate the process of cutting rhizome tissue of lettuce by vegetable cutting mechanism. Cutting speed, cutting method, blade parameters, and so on can't affect the process phase of cutting. However, larger cutting speed can reduce sampling size of cutting force, resulting in the distortion of the relation curve of cutting force and cutting depth. So, experimental conditions are the cutting speed of 50 mm/min, the drawing force of 30 N, the cutting position of 10 mm above stem of lettuce, and the cutting method of cutting vertically. Blade parameters are blade width of 0.5 mm, wedge angle of blade of 20°, and material of cast iron. According to the experimental results, the cutting process can be divided into 3 phases: Deformation phase, rupture phase and cutting phase. The process that blade cuts into rhizome tissue of lettuce is defined as deformation phase. In the deformation phase, the work done by blade is converting the elastic energy stored in the rhizome tissue of lettuce. The epidermal fiber structure of rhizome tissue is changed under pressure of blade. Therefore, it's difficult to establish a physical model and an analytical model for deformation phase. However, the cutting force of deformation phase is represented as a typical nonlinear J shape curve, so an exponential function is used to fit it in this paper. Once the blade breaks into the surface of the rhizome tissue, the cutting force suddenly decreases while crack is created, which is defined as rupture phase. The time of rupture phase is very short, so there is almost no energy conversion between the blade and the vegetable. Only elastic energy stored in the deformation phase is released instantaneously. The cutting force shows a huge decrement in a short time, so the cutting force is simplified as a linear decrement. Consequently, the blade cuts into internal fibrous tissue, and the cutting force firstly increases and then decreases with the increment of cutting depth, which is defined as cutting phase. In the cutting phase, the elastic energy stored in the deformation phase changes very little, and the elastic energy produced by drawing force is converted into the energy consumed by the newly formed surface. The mathematical model of cutting force is established according to the energy balance theory in this phase. The test cutting force value is considered as benchmark. The error in deformation stage is -5.3%-7.8%, and the error in cutting phase is -9.6%-8.2%. The cutting force curves of experiment and the mathematical model are well matched, so the correctness of modeling of cutting process is proved. Research results show that the cutting force reaches the maximum critical value in deformation phase; the drawing force has a certain effect on decreasing the cutting force, but excessive drawing force is easy to cause uneven cutting surface and poor harvest effect. The results can help researchers to understand cutting characteristics and cutting mechanism of soft tissue of vegetable, and it provides a possible solution for improving vegetable cutting devices in the future. In addition, although this paper is aimed at mathematical modeling of the cutting process of the rhizome tissue, the analysis and modeling methods of the cutting process are also suitable for other soft tissue materials.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Tissue
Controlled terms:Cast iron - Cutting - Cutting tools - Deformation - Drawing (graphics) - Elasticity - Energy balance - Energy conversion - Exponential functions - Machinery - Mechanical properties - Mechanization - Models - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and modeling - Cutting characteristics - Cutting mechanisms - Deformation stages - Experimental conditions - Greenhouse vegetables - Mechanical characteristics - Rhizome of lettuce
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 534.2 Foundry Practice - 601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 3.00e+01N, Percentage -5.30e+00% to 7.80e+00%, Percentage -9.60e+00% to 8.20e+00%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20181304940040
Title:Analysis on spatio-temporal variability and influencing factors of net irrigation requirement in People's Victory Canal Irrigation Area
Authors:Chang, Di (1); Huang, Zhongdong (1); Qi, Xuebin (1); Han, Yang (1); Liang, Zhijie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS, Agricultural Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Xinxiang; 453002, China
Corresponding author:Qi, Xuebin(qxb6301@sina.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:118-125
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural net irrigation requirement (IR) is important for agricultural water management and it is strongly influenced by crops planting area, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. The People's Victory Canal Irrigation District (PVCID) in the Yellow River is a downstream of the first large irrigation area. The variations of crops planting area, average daily rainfall, daily precipitation frequency and potential evapotranspiration are high. The common remote sensing classification methods for crops planting area such as traditional visual interpretation, supervised classification and unsupervised classification, have the problem of artifact. As a result, a single spectral feature classification accuracy is not high. In order to investigate the variation law of IR and analyze relation between IR and environmental factors (EF), crops planting area was extracted by using object-oriented classification method based on multiresolution segmentation algorithm, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized water index (NDWI) and gray level co-occurrence matrix classification rules, taking remote sensing images of the PVCID in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2015 as a research object. The IR was developed on the basis of probability density function of soil moisture. In the model, we quantitatively evaluated the effect of rainfall, rainfall frequency and evapotranspiration on IR. Results showed that the IR in the PVCID was between 5.76×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup>to 6.97×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup>and fluctuation, the area with higher water demand was mainly distributed in southwest-northeast region, and the water demand of net irrigation was decreasing gradually from periphery to middle. From 2005 to 2015, the area with the highest water demand for agricultural net irrigation in dry season were Fengqiu County, Hua County, Huojia County and Yuanyang County, the low water requirement for net irrigation were Xinxiang and Xinxiang County. The area with the highest water demand for agricultural net irrigation in rainy season was the Yuanyang County and Huojia County, the net irrigation water demand in Yanjin County, Weihui City, Qi County and Hua County was decreasing. Dry season net irrigation water requirement was 1.3 to 3 times more of the rainy season. The comparison between the classification results and the high-resolution images and the measured points was 90.6%. This research fully confirmed the influence of crop planting structure on regional net irrigation water requirement. In some areas, such as Huaxian, crop planting area was relatively small, net irrigation water demand was unusually large, which indicated that crop planting area was not the main influencing factor, but other factors, such as meteorological factors. In this study, we analyzed the PVID crop planting area, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration sensitivity. When other parameters remained unchanged, there was a 5% increase compared to the variation range of irrigation water requirement before and after irrigation. The factors influencing the net irrigation water requirement of the PVID varied with climate the potential evapotranspiration, and crop planting area in a lesser extent, but the winter wheat planting area were the main influencing factors. Uneven distribution of precipitation seasons resulted in rainfall frequency and average rainfall variability. Previous studies showed that crop water demand was a potential evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of the comprehensive embodiment. So the precipitation parameters, potential evapotranspiration had a significant impact on agricultural irrigation water demand. Therefore, it can be used to refer to the changing trend of rainfall frequency and average rainfall to make efficient and moderate allocation of agricultural water resources in areas with large change of local crop planting area, and to formulate reasonable irrigation strategies to provide more reliable scientific basis for rational allocation of agricultural water resources.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Drought - Environmental regulations - Evapotranspiration - Hydraulic structures - Image segmentation - Moisture - Precipitation (chemical) - Precipitation (meteorology) - Probability density function - Rain - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Stochastic models - Stochastic systems - Water - Water management - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation water - Agricultural water management - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - Irrigation water requirements - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object oriented classification - Remote sensing classification - Water requirements
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.1 Probability Theory - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.06e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20181304940064
Title:Heat-treated bamboo powder improves anti-mold performance of bamboo powder/polypropylene composites
Authors:Zhou, Xiaxing (1); Su, Guoji (1); Chen, Lihui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Lihui(lihuichen@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bamboo fiber possesses excellent innate properties such as fast growing, high tensile modulus, high wear resistance, biodegradability, and is a cheaper substitute for glass fiber and carbon fiber. To make full use of bamboo resources in China, research and development of bamboo powder (BP) reinforced plastic is a good way. As we know, bamboo plastic composite (BPC) has broad applications including building, decoration, packing, and automobile manufacturing. BP contains high content of starch, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and other nutrients and thus is vulnerable to microorganisms. Researches showed that the anti-mold performance of BPC was inferior to other wood plastic composite (WPC) and the anti-mildew performance of BPC became worse with the increase of the BP content. The proliferation of mold not only affects the appearance, mechanical properties, and service life of the BPC, but also raises human health issues. Therefore, study on the anti-mold performance of BPC is of great significance. Heat treatment is a good modification method to improve the water resistance, dimension stability, and durability of plant fiber-based materials. In this paper, BP/polypropylene composites with 60% BP were prepared by hot pressed molding and the BP was heat-treated at the temperature of 150, 170 and 190℃ respectively for 120 min. Three common types of mould i.e. Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Trichoderma viride were used to conduct mildew test. The effects of heat treatment on the BP chemical content, mass loss, and hygroscopicity were studied. The influences of heat treatment on the composites surface color, mechanical properties, surface wettability, and anti-mold property were also investigated. The results showed that the BP chemical content did not vary much at the heat temperature of 150℃, and the BP cellulose and hemicellulose content gradually decreased and the lignin content accordingly increased with the increase of heat temperature. The heat-treated time of 60, 120, and 240 min had less influence on the BP chemical content than the temperature ranging from 150 to 190℃. The increase of mass loss and the reduction of equilibrium moist content (EMC) for the heat-treated BP were directly related to the change of chemical composition. After heat treatment at 190℃ for 120 min, the BP holocellulose dropped by 7.00 percentage points, the lignin enhanced by 2.92 percentage points, the mass loss was 4.41 percentage points, and EMC was 6.39%. Compared with the untreated composite, the heat treated composites possessed lower surface wettability, lower bending properties, but higher color stability during mold test and stronger anti-mold performance. The 190℃ heat-treated composite became darker and slightly turned green and blue; the lightness change was -5.47, and the color change was 7.54; the bending strength and bending modulus were reduced by 9.79% and 5.37%, respectively. Compared to composite without mildew test, the lightness change, redness change, and yellowness change of tested composite were 0.87, -0.30 and 0.20, respectively, and the color change was only 0.94; the mold resistance value was decreased from 3.75 to 2.25 and the anti-mold effectiveness was increased to 40%. This paper provides experimental data and theoretical reference for the development and application of mold-resistant BPC and WPC.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Heat resistance
Controlled terms:Aspergillus - Bamboo - Bending strength - Biodegradability - Carbon - Carbon fibers - Cellulose - Chemical resistance - Color - Colorimetry - Composite materials - Fibers - Fungi - Heat treatment - Lignin - Mechanical properties - Molds - Polypropylenes - Surface properties - Textile fibers - Wear resistance - Wetting - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-mold properties - Automobile manufacturing - Bamboo-plastic composites - Cellulose and hemicellulose - Development and applications - Effects of heat treatment - Research and development - Wood plastic composite
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.37e+00%, Percentage 6.39e+00%, Percentage 9.79e+00%, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20181304940035
Title:Development and application of aerial spray droplets deposition performance measurement system based on spectral analysis technology
Authors:Zhang, Ruirui (1, 2, 3, 4); Wen, Yao (1, 2, 3, 4); Yi, Tongchuan (1, 2, 3, 4); Chen, Liping (1, 2, 3, 4); Xu, Gang (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Intelligent Equipment Technology, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Liping(chenlp@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:80-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To evaluate the droplet deposition in aerial spraying real-timely and accurately, aerial spray pattern measurement system was designed combining with spectral analysis and fluorescence excitation technology. The hardware of the system consisted of modules of information acquisition module, data acquisition module, and data processing module. FLAME-S-VIS-NIR micro spectrometer was selected as information acquisition module which is produced by Ocean Optics. Micro spectrometer was the core component of the aerial spray pattern measurement system. The acquisition module included microcontroller unit, droplet collection medium, Ultraviolet excitation light, stepper motors, and photoelectric limiter and so on. The software of the system includes the function of spectrometer connection, parameter setting, spectral data collection, display and storage. At first, the solution of fluorescent tracer with mass fraction of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.3% was sprayed individually by the sprayer installed on the agricultural plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle. Droplet deposition was collected by droplet collection medium and water sensitive paper synchronously. The spectral characteristic curve of droplet collection medium was scanned and saved by the software of aerial spray pattern measurement system. The spectral characteristic curve of sample point was processed by savitzky-golay smoothing and standard normalized variate, the trend of spectral curve was analyzed. Without the effect of ultraviolet light on the band removal of 340-400 nm, the result which was observed and analyzed from the band range of 440-1 014 nm showed that the spectral band range of 450-460 nm presented a trough shape, and the spectral band range of 500-520 nm showed peak shape. Droplet deposition characteristic parameter which was obtained from the image analysis of water sensitive paper included impregnation area, area coverage and deposition. Compared with the result obtained by water sensitive paper, the analysis result indicated that the solution of fluorescent tracer on the droplet capture medium had produced significant fluorescence effect in the wavelength range of 450-460 nm and 500-520 nm. The spectral average value of the wavelength range of 450-460 nm and 500-520 nm was calculated. And the correlation coefficient of spectral average value and droplet deposition was up to 0.80. The results showed that it was feasible for the detection of droplet deposition characteristics based on spectral analysis and fluorescence excitation technique. The detection effect of droplet deposition with the different mass fraction of fluorescent tracer solution was analyzed. Compared with the mass fraction 0.5% and 1.3% of fluorescent tracer solution, the correlation coefficient between spectral average value and droplet deposition was more than 0.92 when the mass fraction of fluorescent tracer solution was 1.0%. Therefore, a fluorescent tracer solution with mass fraction 1.0% was adopted for the detection of performance test of the system. The performance test of the system was carried out in the field. Fifty nine sample points were collected effectively, and the multivariate linear regression model of the droplet deposition was built based on the spectral average value which was calculated by randomly selection of 40 sample points. The rest of 19 sample points was used to validate the multivariate linear regression model. The model decision coefficient was about 0.80, and the verification coefficient was about 0.83. The modeling accuracy can satisfy the requirements of droplet deposition characteristic parameter detection. This method could provide support for the detection of droplet deposition characteristics rapidly and continuously in aerial spraying.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Drops
Controlled terms:Antennas - Aviation - Curve fitting - Data acquisition - Data handling - Deposition - Digital storage - Fluorescence - Light - Linear regression - Pesticides - Regression analysis - Spectrometers - Spectrum analysis - Spraying - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Development and applications - Droplet deposition - Fluorescence excitation - Information acquisitions - Multivariate linear regression model - Performance measurement system - Spectral characteristics - Spray pattern
Classification code:431.1 Air Transportation, General - 705.3 Electric Motors - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Size 3.40e-07m to 4.00e-07m, Size 4.40e-07m to 1.01e-06m, Size 4.50e-07m to 4.60e-07m, Size 5.00e-07m to 5.20e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20181304940031
Title:Optimization of operating parameter and structure for seed thresher device for rape combine harvester
Authors:Wang, Gang (1); Guan, Zhuohuai (1); Mu, Senlin (1); Tang, Qing (1); Wu, Chongyou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Chongyou(542681935@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:52-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapeseed germination rate is directly related to rapeseed yield, which is one of the most important indices to evaluate the rapeseed quality. Combine harvesters have greatly improved the harvest efficiency, but rapeseeds would be damaged by the mechanical threshing equipment during harvesting, and mechanical damage extent of rapeseeds was directly correlated to the design characteristics of the threshing apparatus, such as the movement speed of rasp bars, feeding rate, clearance between the drum and the concave. The rapeseed damage caused by mechanized harvest has aroused the concern of scholars, but there is no study on the rape harvest. In order to explore the damage of rapeseed caused by combine harvester during threshing process and the superior parameters of the threshing mechanism, rape combine harvest comprehensive experiment and germination rate experiment were carried out. Germination rate was used as an index to evaluate the damage. The type of rasp bars, the movement speed of rasp bars, the clearance between the drum and the concave and the feeding rate were taken as the influencing factors in the rape combine harvest comprehensive experiment and each factor had 3 levels. The evaluation indices were the germination rate and loss rate, the undamaged rapeseeds grown in the same plots were used as the comparison. The germination of mechanically harvested rapeseeds and hand harvested rapeseeds was tested in the same environment. The parameters of threshing apparatus with the highest germination rate (lower damage rate) were obtained through the comparison of germination rates between undamaged rapeseeds and mechanically harvested rapeseeds. The results showed that the germination rate of hand harvested rapeseeds was 99.8%, and the highest germination rate for mechanically harvested rapeseeds was 97.6% and the lowest was 85.7%. Therefore, mechanized harvest did cause damage to rapeseed and the damage rate was 2.4%-14.3% within the range of parameters selected. Through the range analysis of germination rate experiment, the factors affecting the damage of rapeseed were the threshing component form, the clearance between the drum and the concave, the movement speed of rasp bars and the feeding rate in turn. Through the variance analysis of germination rate experiment, the feeding rate (P=0.727) had no significant effect on the test results, the threshing gap (P=0.004) and threshing component form (P<0.001) had highly significant effect on the results, the drum speed (P=0.012) had a significant effect on the results, and the repeated experiment error (P=0.202) had no significant effect on the test results, and the test results were reliable. The threshing component form had a great influence on the harvest damage of rapeseed. The germination rate was 88.3% when using striped rod and was 97.3% when using full nailed tooth, which had 9 percentage points difference. For the rapeseed, striped rod was more likely to cause threshing damage than nails. Due to the limitation of the number of experiments, the relationship among drum rasp bars speed, clearance between the drum and the concave and rapeseed damage couldn't be concluded. But the optimal parameters should exist between drum rasp bars speed and clearance between the drum and the concave. It needed further research to clarify the relationship among drum rasp bars speed, clearance between the drum and the concave and rapeseed damage. The effect of feeding rate was not significant. The change range of germination rate was less than 1.1 percentage points under different feeding rates. The optimal combination of threshing parameters was: nailed tooth, threshing drum clearance of 9 mm, drum rasp bars speed of 856 r/min, and feeding rate of 2.2 kg/s, and the damage rate was lower. In order to verify the accuracy of the combination of superior parameters, the artificially harvested rapeseed was threshed by experiment bench and different combinations of parameters were used for the comparison. The germination rate under the optimum parameters combination was 97.4%, which was the highest. Combine harvest damage could be reduced to a very small extent through adjusting the threshing system parameters. The study provides a reference for the design of combine harvester threshing system.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Combines - Crops - Cultivation - Feeding - Harvesters - Harvesting - Machinery - Mechanization - Oilseeds - Optimization - Quality control - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Design characteristics - Germination rates - Mechanical damages - Operating parameters - Optimal combination - Rapeseed - Threshing damage
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 2.20e+00kg/s, Percentage 2.40e+00% to 1.43e+01%, Percentage 8.57e+01%, Percentage 8.83e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Percentage 9.74e+01%, Percentage 9.76e+01%, Percentage 9.98e+01%, Rotational_Speed 8.56e+02RPM, Size 9.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20181304940056
Title:Effects of ridge direction on growth and yield of tomato in solar greenhouse with diffuse film
Authors:Song, Weitang (1, 2); Li, Chenxi (1); Sun, Xuguang (1); Wang, Pingzhi (1, 2); Zhao, Shumei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:242-248
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the solar greenhouse, which was covered by ordinary film with small haze, the planting pattern of south-north ridge was used in common. In east-west ridge, there could be the shadow on the north side produced by south side of planting line, which caused some problems including that the distribution of light would be uneven, and the growth would be impacted. However, due to the current labor shortage and low production efficiency, there is urgent need for small agricultural machinery used in the solar greenhouse, while the shorter north-south planting ridge has limited the use of agricultural machinery and operation efficiency. Tomato ("Gem 1") plants, were planted on September 20, 2016 in glasshouse. The length of test greenhouse was 60 m, and the span was 8 m, which was located in Fengnan District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province. The greenhouse was covered by film with 55% haze and 85% light transmittance. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 2 planting ridges on tomato growth and yield. The photoperiod, and physiological and morphological indices of different height of canopy were studied with 2 kinds of tomatoes grown in north-south and east-west ridge, respectively, and the photosynthetic rate and yield were compared. The hypothesis is there exists the feasibility of using the east-west ridge in the scattered light solar greenhouse. To test this hypothesis, a study was conducted in glasshouses covered with scattering glass, converting a portion of the direct solar light into scattered light with different degrees of scattering, without affecting light transmission. Tomato was used in this study. The results showed that in the diffuse light environment, the tomatoes grown in the east-west ridge were the same as those in the north-south ridge, and the light intensity in the canopy increased with the height. And there was no significant difference in the light accumulation between the ridges of the east-west and north-south. In addition, the leaf area index (LAI) of tomato was 4.34 and 4.29 respectively, the chlorophyll SPAD (soil plant analysis development) content was 42.7±1.0 and 43.1±0.6 respectively for the east-west and north-south planting pattern, and the difference did not reach the significant level. In the east-west ridge, the distribution of leaves inclination angle was the same as that in the south-north ridge, concentrated between 60° and 80°. And the net photosynthetic rates of the leaves were 12.8 and 12.4 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>·s), and the difference was not significant; from December 2016 to February 2017, the yield of tomato of east-west ridge was 2 537.6 kg, and the other was 2 421.1 kg, and the difference was not significant. It could be seen that there was no significant difference on the growth and yield of tomatoes between the east-west and south-north ridges in the solar greenhouse covered by film with 55% haze. Therefore, the effects of 2 kinds of planting ridges on the growth and yield of tomato in diffuse light in the Chinese solar greenhouse were not significant. Thus, in the solar greenhouse with diffuse light environment, we can not only use the east-west ridge instead of the north-south ridge for tomato planting pattern, but also use the east-west farming pattern for agricultural operation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Chlorophyll - Efficiency - Film growth - Fruits - Glass - Light - Light scattering - Light transmission - Plants (botany) - Solar heating
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural operations - Chinese solar greenhouse - Diffuse light - Net photosynthetic rate - Planting ridge direction - Small agricultural machineries - Tomato - Yield
Classification code:657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 741.1 Light/Optics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 812.3 Glass - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass 4.21e+02kg, Mass 5.38e+02kg, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20181304940061
Title:Design of active de-icing surface for refrigeration equipment of agricultural by-products
Authors:Cong, Qian (1, 2); Chen, Tingkun (1, 2); Sun, Chengbin (1, 2); Jin, Jingfu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Jingfu(jinjingfu@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:283-289
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The accreted ice on the exposed surface is well known to result in severe accidents to power transmission lines, aircraft, boats, and so on, and cause the significant economic losses. The refrigeration equipment of the agricultural by-products is no exception. With the rapid development of the refrigeration industry and the improvement of the food requirement, the number of the China's refrigeration equipment to store the agricultural by-products increases gradually every year. The problem of the influence of the ice accumulation on the refrigeration equipment has become outstanding gradually. In order to reduce the harm and the economic losses of storage of agricultural by-products caused by the icing adhesion phenomenon, an active de-icing model was designed according to the volume expansion during the freezing process. The de-icing model adopted the swelling force as the active power to destroy the stability of the contact interface between the ice and the substrate surface. During the experiment, ternary quadratic regression orthogonal experiment method was adopted to design the experiment conditions, like the range of the solution mass concentration and the size of the pits, and the mathematic model was set up to analyze the relationship between the experimental factors and the ice adhesion strength. The test used the 6061 aluminum alloy whose size is 60 mm × 60 mm × 6 mm as the sample material and took the laser processing or milling to fabricate the different sizes of pits. And the pits were full of different mass concentrations of ethanol solution. The sample surface was covered by the biaxially oriented polypropylene (the abbreviation is BOPP). The experimental results showed that the de-icing model significantly reduced the ice adhesion strength, and the different pit sizes and mass concentrations of filled ethanol solution had different effects on reducing the ice adhesion strength. When the pit diameter was 23.172 mm, the depth was 4.349 mm, and the pit was filled with 8.05% ethanol solution, the reduction rate of ice adhesion strength by the model was 92.72%. The regression analysis method was used to solve the regression equation. And the order of the influence of different experiment factors on decreasing ice adhesion strength was determined, which was pit depth, mass concentration of ethanol solution and pit diameter from high to low. The mechanism of the de-icing model was analyzed through the adopted regression equation. The paper considered that the freezing of solution in the pits would release the expansion energy in a short time and directly act on the freezing interface due to both rigid sides of the pit. The ethanol solution would contain more and more phase transformation energy with the increasing of the pit depth. The higher the energy density acting on the BOPP film, the greater the damage to the stability of the contact interface, the greater the ice adhesion strength decreased. When the mass concentration of ethanol solution in the pits was reduced, it would generate more expansion energy. That meant that the elastic film would bear more expansion force under the same conditions and it would increase the reduction rate of the ice adhesion strength. However, the decrease rate of the ice adhesion strength would not increase as the radius of the pit increasing. As the radius increased, the area of the expansion load acting on the contact interface would increase in square. Therefore, it decreased the power density on the BOPP film and the reduction rate would be reduced. The study takes the phase expansion force to improve the surface active characteristics of the refrigeration equipment and provides the experimental basis for developing the active de-icing method and a new thought for de-icing methods.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Aircraft accidents - Aluminum alloys - Bond strength (materials) - Ethanol - Expansion - Fighter aircraft - Freezing - Interfaces (materials) - Laser materials processing - Losses - Plastic films - Polypropylenes - Product design - Refrigeration - Regression analysis - Snow and ice removal
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural by-products - Bi-axially oriented polypropylenes - Experiment condition - Ice adhesion strength - Quadratic regression orthogonal experiments - Refrigeration equipment - Regression analysis methods - Transformation energies
Classification code:541.2 Aluminum Alloys - 644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 744.9 Laser Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.05e+00%, Percentage 9.27e+01%, Size 2.32e-02m, Size 4.35e-03m, Size 6.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20181304940036
Title:Improved multi-level fuzzy evaluation model based on cloud theory for evaluation of soil salinization degree
Authors:Xu, Cundong (1, 2); Cheng, Hui (1); Wang, Yan (1); Wan, Rongrong (1); Liu, Luyao (1); Zhang, Rui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficiency and Protection Engineering, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:88-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The producing process of soil salinization is a complex fuzzy system with participation of multi indices and multi-level driving, which involves field water transformation, field heat exchange and soil salt-water transport. Therefore, in view of this fuzzy process, the comprehensive evaluation model of salinization based on multi-level fuzzy theory can be used to reveal it quantitatively. However, this model can take good account of the fuzziness of the complex system in the comprehensive evaluation of soil salinization degree, the randomness and discreteness of the system are neglected yet, and the fuzzy nature of the randomness and volatility of fuzzy systems are not well represented. The cloud theory can describe the randomness and uncertainty of fuzzy systems well, in which qualitative concepts and quantitative values can be freely transformed, and the subjective and individual empirical effects of experts in describing the status of inducing factors of soil salinization can be well avoided. In view of this, in this paper, the uncertainty cloud theory was introduced into the multi-level fuzzy evaluation model, and the driving process of soil salinization was divided into 4 layers: The evaluation layer, driving process layer, inducing factor layer and element status layer. Regional soil salinization degree was described, the multi-level fuzzy evaluation index system of soil salinization degree was constructed by the basic principles of analytic hierarchy process and multilevel fuzzy theory, and a set of cloud model of salinity evaluation was constructed by using normal cloud generator. Meanwhile, the scale criterion of inducing factor of soil salinization based on cloud scale was constructed by improving the traditional Satty scaling principle, and a weight cloud model of induced factors was constructed. In addition, the membership cloud model of the induced factor was constructed by using the backward cloud generator. Finally, the weight cloud model and membership cloud model were weighted to determine the evaluation model of soil salinization degree, and then a multi-level fuzzy evaluation model of soil salinization based on cloud theory was proposed. Moreover, the model was used to evaluate the degree of soil salinization of Jingtaichuan electric pumping irrigation area, Gansu Province. And then the evaluation results and comments collection cloud model were combined, which was for emulation display by MATLAB software. The result shows that: 1) The salinization degree of soil in irrigated area is between slight and moderate. The expected value of soil salinity is 0.224 2%, that is to say, the likelihood of 0.224 2% soil salinity in 0-100 cm is maximum. In addition, the entropy and hyper entropy of the cloud model are 0.029 5 and 0.021 2, respectively, and the value is smaller, that is, the uncertainty of the evaluation results is small, and the evaluation results fluctuate in a small range. The evaluation results basically conform to the actual situation of irrigation area, and the evaluation results are good, which verify the feasibility of the model. 2) The multi-level fuzzy evaluation model is improved by using cloud theory, the stability and reliability of the results are also given besides the expected values, and the fuzziness, randomness and discreteness are organically combined by 3 numerical characteristics of the cloud model i.e. expectation value, entropy and hyper entropy. Compared with the multi-level fuzzy evaluation model, the results are more in line with human language habits, and the information is more abundant, which provides a new method for the evaluation of soil salinization degree in irrigation area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Fuzzy set theory
Controlled terms:Cloud computing - Entropy - Fuzzy systems - Irrigation - MATLAB - Models - Random processes - Reliability theory - Scales (weighing instruments) - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Cloud theory - Comment set - Evaluation - Membership degrees - Multilevel fuzzy - Salinization - Scale
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20181304940062
Title:Optimization of cold-plate location in refrigerated vehicles based on simulation and test of no-load temperature field
Authors:Xie, Ruhe (1); Tang, Haiyang (1); Tao, Wenbo (1); Liu, Guanghai (1); Liu, Kangjia (1); Wu, Junzhang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Logistics and Transport, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou; 510006, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:290-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, we studied the uniformity of temperature field distribution of different cold plate arrangement, and learned the influence of the arrangement of cold plate on the distribution uniformity of temperature field in the carriage, so as to provide basis for further research. In this paper, the unsteady numerical simulation of the temperature field in the no-load refrigerated compartment with three different cold plate arrangements ( cold plate set by top, by side, and partially by top partially by side) was carried for 10 h by computing CFD (computational fluid dynamics ).It was found that the air temperature showed a rising trend from top to bottom in the height direction of the carriage. In the direction of the length of the car, the regional air temperature near the center of the car was lower. The air temperature near the wall was higher, and the temperature gradient was larger. When the cold plates were set on side, the whole compartment temperature was low after 10 hours, and the temperature of each measuring point was in the range of -9.5--7℃. The temperature uniformity was good. When the cold plates were partially set by top and partially set on side, the temperatures of different measuring points were vastly different at the beginning, and the temperature difference was reduced at the end, with the final temperature of each measuring point in the range of -9-7.2℃. In this situation, the overall temperature and the temperature differences were slightly better than that with cold plate completely set on top. At the same time, when the cold plates were set on side, the available space of the compartment was small, and there was the risk that there might be collisions between the goods and the cold plate in the operation of the refrigerated vehicle, which might be a threat to the safe transportation of the goods. The available area of the cold plate was larger, but because the cold plates were arranged on the top of the vehicle, the Eutectic liquid will lead to the increase of the center of gravity of the vehicle, and the stability of the refrigerated vehicle in operation could be reduced. The available space and the height of the center of gravity of the compartment with cold plates partially set on top and partially set on side were between the two arrangements above. In view of the above, considering the effect of the arrangement of the cold plates on the goods, the cold plates partially set on top and partially set on side were selected as a priority. Considering the influence of the arrangement of the cold plate on the cargo, the available volume in refrigerated vehicles and the height of center of gravity of refrigerated vehicles, two kinds of cold plate refrigerated vehicles with different cold plates arrangements were prepared. At the same time, after 10 h, the deviation between the measured temperature and the simulated temperature was about 2.5℃, which showed that the calculation model can be used to simulate the temperature field in refrigerated compartment. The results provide a basis for improving the arrangement of the cold plate and optimizing the arrangement of the cold plate of the cold plate refrigerated vehicle.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Vehicles
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric temperature - Cold storage - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Numerical models - Temperature - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Cold plates - Distribution uniformity - Measured temperatures - Temperature differences - Temperature field distribution - Temperature uniformity - Unsteady numerical simulations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Time 3.60e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普