<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20180604758703
Title:Numerical simulation and verification of flow field in ring die pellet mill at different process parameters for alfalfa
Authors:Wang, Yongmei (1); Huang, Xiaopeng (1); Wu, Jinfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Xiaopeng(huangxp@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:267-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rotary roll extrusion pelleting technology has been widely used in the bioenergy industry, feed industry, chemical industry, pharmacy industry, and so on, because of the advantages such as high productivity, high forming rate, high adaptability and low pollution. By working principle analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental research, this paper revealed the distribution laws of internal flow field at different process parameters of ring die pellet mill in order to provide reference for the effective control of actual production process. First, the numerical simulation of two-dimensional isothermal flow field in the extruding domain of the ring die pellet mill MUZL420 with granulated alfalfa as the pelletizing material was performed by the POLYFLOW based on the reasonable simplification. The structural parameters of the pellet mill MUZL420 were as follows: The ring die diameter was 420 mm, the ring die width was 180 mm, the number of rollers was 2, the roller diameter was 203 mm, the percentage of the die opening area was 44.2%, the die hole diameter was 8 mm, and the die hole length was 54 mm. Effects of the changes in the feeding rate, ringdie speed and material moisture content on the distribution laws of pressure, velocity, shear rate and viscosity in the fluid field were analyzed on basis of the contour plots and cloud charts generated by CFD-POST. Then the extruding force in the exit of each die hole was captured by the Probe function in the CFD-POST. Next, according to the different process parameters set by the above numerical simulation, the experiments were carried out to measure the density of forming alfalfa pellet using the ring die pellet mill MUZL420. Finally, it was concluded by comparison that the forming density of alfalfa pellet increased with the increase of extruding force, which verified the validity of numerical simulation to some extent. The results showed that: 1) In the case of the same structural parameters and other conditions, increasing the feeding rate made the pressure in flow field gradually increase from higher negative pressure to positive pressure along the material flow direction, and the extruding area enlarged and the material here approximated to laminar flow, which improved the granulation yield and the product compactness. At the same time the shear rate was smaller and the viscosity and extruding force and forming density were larger. 2) Decreasing the ringdie speed led to the positive increase in fluid pressure along the material flow direction and the decrease in flow velocity and shear rate, in addition to obtaining larger extruding area and viscosity. However, the extruding pressure and forming density were reduced with the decrease in ringdie speed. 3) Decreasing material moisture content made the increase in pressure and viscosity and extruding pressure and forming density. 4) Only considering the pelletizing density, the optimal parameters combination in various combinations of the factor levels in this paper was as follows: The feeding rate was 6 t/h, the ringdie speed was 6.5 m/s, and the material moisture content was 15%.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Biomass - Chemical industry - Computer simulation - Dies - Extrusion - Feeding - Flow fields - Flow velocity - Laminar flow - Moisture - Moisture determination - Numerical models - Pelletizing - Shear deformation - Shear flow - Speed - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental research - Feed-rates - Fluid field - Increase in pressure - Internal flow field - Pellet mills - Process parameters - Structural parameter
Classification code:534.1 Foundries - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 805 Chemical Engineering, General - 921 Mathematics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.51e+00kg/s, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 4.42e+01%, Size 1.80e-01m, Size 2.03e-01m, Size 4.20e-01m, Size 5.40e-02m, Size 8.00e-03m, Velocity 6.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20180604758692
Title:Impact of repellent levels on drainage soil water characteristic curve
Authors:Chen, Junying (1); Liu, Chang (1); Zhang, Lin (2); Xiang, Youzhen (1); Gillerman, Leionid (3); Chai, Hongyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, SedeBoker; 84990, Israel
Corresponding author:Zhang, Lin(zl0211wy@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:188-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water repellency is a widespread phenomenon in soils. Almost every soil shows water repellency to some degree. It may reduce the infiltration in soil and is easy to form finger flow. Therefore, the soil holding capacity of moisture and the yield of crops are reduced. It's very important to study the soil water characteristic curve in repellency soils. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of repellent levels on soil hydraulic characteristics, clay loam of 7 repellent levels (treatment L0 to L6) and sand of 6 repellent levels (treatment S0 to S5) made by adding octadecyl primary amine collected from Yangling, Shaanxi. The experiment was conducted in the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering, Ministry of Education, at Northwest A&F University in August 2016. Each of the 13 treatments had 4 replicates. Soils were mixed with octadecyl primary amine which varied from 0 as control and 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 g/kg respectively for clay loam and 0.06, 0.08, 0.09, 0.115, 0.12 g/kg respectively for sand. The repellency level of treatment L0 and S0 was wettable, L1, L2 and S1 was slight repellent, L3, L4 and S2 were moderate, L5 and S3 were severe, and L6, S4 and S5 were extreme. The soil moisture characteristic curves were measured with a high speed centrifuge. The van Genuchten (VG) model was fitted to obtain the hydraulic parameters with RETC software. The results showed that under the same suction, the soil moisture of repellent clay loam was higher than that of repellent sand and the soil moisture decreased with the increase of repellent levels. The residual moisture and the shape parameter decreased and the reciprocal of air entry value increased rapidly with increasing the repellent levels for repellent clay loam. There was no difference in residual moisture of treatment of S0 to S3 for sand, but the residual moisture of treatment S4 and S5 was lower than the other treatments for repellent sand. The reciprocal of air entry value increased with increasing the repellent levels for repellent sand. The air entry value decreased with increasing the repellent levels for both repellent clay loam and sand. There was a significant negative linear correlation between logarithm of air entry value and the amount of octadecyl primary amine, and the determination coefficient was 0.92 and 0.93 for repellent clay loam and sand, respectively. There was no difference in wilting coefficient between the treatments for repellent clay loam and sand respectively. The field capacity, effective water and easily available water decreased with the increase of the repellent levels for both repellent clay loam and sand. Meanwhile, the gravity water showed a decreasing trend. The results also showed that there was no difference in the proportion of micropore and macropore while the micro-porosity and porosity decreased with the increase of water repellency, with increasing the repellent levels for repellent clay loam. The soil voids increased sharply with the increase of repellent level for repellent clay loam. The micropore did not exist in repellent sand. There was no difference in the proportion of micropores, macropores and soil voids with the repellent level for repellent sand. The proportion of small pore of S0 was significantly higher than the other treatments but there's no difference between S1 to S5. The proportion of medium porosity increased obviously with the increase of repellent levels for sand. Therefore with the repellency increase, field capacity, easily available water and micropore of sand decreased, and soil porosity of clay loam increased. It led the water that crop can absorb reduced. Repellency was unconducive to crops growth. We should try to avoid the increase in soil water repellency level. This study can provide valuable information for the infiltration, evaporation and numerical simulation of repellent soil.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Crops - Drainage - Microporosity - Moisture - Porosity - Sand - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural soils - Characteristic curve - Determination coefficients - Hydraulic parameters - Ministry of Education - Repellency - Soil water repellency - Soil-water characteristic curve
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20180604758679
Title:Power, economy and emission characteristics of low power non-road diesel
Authors:Ma, Zhihao (1); Chen, Zhanyao (1); Jia, Yi (1); Li, Yanan (1); Ma, Fanhua (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Vehicle & Ttransportation Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Conservation, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:78-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As society and economy developing, the problem caused by non-road diesel engine emission has been widely drawing people's attention. Increasingly serious environmental problems have forced people to use advanced technology to reduce engine emissions and lots of countries have established non-road diesel engine emission regulations. Developed countries, represented by the United States of America and the European Union, have formulated stringent emission regulations to limit emissions from non-road diesel engines. China issued the limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery in 2014. By using the vehicle emission control technology, the high power (>37 kW) diesel engine could meet the emission standards. Because of the structure, production costs and application limit, electronic control system, common rail system, turbocharger, exhaust gas recirculation and selective catalytic reduction can't be applied in low power (<37 kW) non-road diesel engine. So there are a lot of technical difficulties for the upgrade of low power non-road diesel engine emissions. In addition, the strict regulations on the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of diesel engines were made, which further increases the difficulty of such diesel engine emissions meeting the requirements. The emission standards implementation and requirements of the low power non-road diesel engine are constantly tightened. The electronically controlled VE pump-line-nozzle fuel injection system has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, convenient arrangement on the engine, and also has the potential to meet Level III or even Level IV emission regulation requirements in China. Therefore, it's necessary to research and develop a low power non-road diesel engine with high performances and low emissions. In this article, the non-road N490 direct injection diesel engine was taken as the prototype, By using a combination of theoretical analysis and experimental research, technology strategy of low non-road diesel engines was explored to meet the requirements of high performance and low emissions. By increasing the pump cam lift, reducing the inner diameter of the high-pressure fuel pipe, and improving nozzle geometry of the injector, the maximum nozzle side pressures at the rated condition and the maximum torque condition increased by 32.7% and 50%, respectively. Re-entrant dumbbell-shaped chamber was designed to strengthen the central bulge of the combustion chamber bottom, which improved the air movement in the combustion chamber. By adjusting the valve timing, the volumetric efficiency of the diesel engine was improved. The combustion was optimized by reducing the fuel injection quantity during ignition delay period. After optimizing the parameters of the fuel injection system, the valve timing and combustion chamber, the diesel engine performance was greatly improved. Compared with the original engine, both at the rated condition and at the maximum torque condition, the specific fuel consumption was decreased by 3.0% and 2.43%, respectively, and the light-proof smoke was also decreased by 14.6% and 10%, respectively. The experimental results showed that the exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) + hydrocarbon (HC), and particulate matter (PM) were 1.109, 6.23 and 0.522 g/(kW·h), respectively, which were lower than Level Ⅲ emission standards in China. Compared with the results of the prototype, the measured values of CO, NOx+HC and PM were reduced by 34.7%, 21.5% and 34.9%, respectively. At the same time, both the maximum cylinder pressure and the heat release rate were greatly reduced. At the rated and the maximum torque conditions, the maximum cylinder pressures were decreased by 15.8% and 9.6%, respectively; the maximum heat release rates were decreased by 9% and 8.8%, respectively. Through the analysis of experimental data, the research shows that optimization matching of fuel injection, in-cylinder air movement and combustion chamber can not only decrease the exhaust emissions obviously but improve the fuel economy of the engine.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Air - Carbon - Carbon monoxide - Combustion chambers - Direct injection - Emission control - Engine cylinders - Engines - Environmental regulations - Environmental technology - Exhaust gas recirculation - Fuel consumption - Fuel economy - Fuel injection - Fuels - Ignition - Machinery - Neutron emission - Nitrogen oxides - Nozzles - Optimization - Rating - Roads and streets - Selective catalytic reduction - Standards - Transportation
Uncontrolled terms:Brake specific fuel consumption - Diesel engine performance - Direct injection diesel engines - Electronic control systems - Fuel injection systems - Maximum heat release rate - Non-road mobile machineries - Valve timing
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.43e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.27e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 3.49e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Percentage 9.60e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20180604758706
Title:Effects of parboiling conditions on cooking properties, textural properties and quality characters of germinated brown rice
Authors:Liu, Qingqing (1, 2); Zhu, Songming (1, 2); Zhang, Jie (2); Yu, Yong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Zigong Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Zigong; 643000, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Songming(zhusm@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:289-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Germinated brown rice (GBR) is difficult to cook and usually gives unfavorable harder and less sticky texture after cooking than white rice (WR). Parboiling, under the GBR moisture levels of 42.13%±2.15%, 34.64%±1.49% and 29.83%±1.67% and the atmospheric steam treatment for 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min, respectively, was used to improve the quality characteristics of GBR. The comparative study of cooking properties, textural properties and sensory qualities among PGBR (parboiling germinated brown rice), GBR, brown rice (BR) and WR was also conducted in this study. Firstly, the cooking time, water uptake ratio and volumetric expansion of PGBR during cooking increased while the solid loss ratio of PGBR decreased with the decrease of moisture content of GBR. With the steaming time increasing, the cooking time of PGBR decreased significantly while the water uptake ratio, the volumetric expansion and solid loss of PGBR during cooking changed slightly with no obvious rule. Thus, the combination of GBR moisture content of 29.83%±1.67% and 15-25 min steaming time was recommended as the appropriate parboiling condition to improve the cooking properties of GBR, due to the significantly improved water uptake ratio and volumetric expansion, the significantly decreased solid loss ratio, and the slightly decreased cooking time of PGBR. Secondly, the variations of texture properties of PGBR with different parboiling conditions were complicated. With the moisture content of GBR decreasing, hardness of cooked PGBR decreased at first and then leveled off when the steaming time was 2-10 min or continuously decreased when the steaming time was 15-25 min; cohesiveness of cooked PGBR increased at first and then leveled off when the steaming time was 2-10 min or continuously increased when the steaming time was 15-25 min; gumminess of cooked PGBR showed no obvious rule when the steaming time was 2-5 min and continuously increased when the steaming time was 10-25 min. Whereas, the change of adhesiveness, springiness and chewiness of cooked PGBR was complicated with no obvious rules. With the steaming time increasing, the hardness of cooked PGBR decreased at first and then increased. The minimum hardness of cooked PGBR achieved to be 35.35±1.27, 27.95±1.49 and 24.4±2.4 N respectively under the conditions of the GBR moisture content of 42.13%±2.15%, 34.64%±1.49% and 29.83%±1.67% respectively with the steam time of 10, 10 and 15 min, respectively. The adhesiveness and cohesiveness increased at first and then decreased with the increase of steaming time while the changes of gumminess, springiness and chewiness were complex with no obvious rules. Thus, the combination of GBR moisture content of 29.83%±1.67% and 15-25 min steam treatment was recommended as the appropriate parboiling condition to improve the textural properties of GBR, due to the significantly reduced hardness and the significantly increased adhensiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. Thirdly, the sensory score of cooked PGBR increased at first and then decreased with the decreasing of moisture content of GBR when the steaming time was 2-5 min, increased with the decreasing of moisture content of GBR when the steaming time was 10-25 min, and increased at first and then decreased with the increase of steaming time. The highest sensory score of cooked PGBR achieved to be 45.94±1.35, 48.88±0.55 and 51.87±0.88 respectively under the conditions of the GBR moisture content of 42.13%±2.15%, 34.64%±1.49% and 29.83%±1.67% respectively with the steam time of 10, 10 and 15 min, respectively. Finally, the combination of GBR moisture content of 29.83%±1.67% and 15 min steaming time was recommended as the appropriate parboiling condition, due to the significantly improved flavor, taste and textural characteristics of cooked rice. These results demonstrated that all the cooking properties, textural properties and sensory qualities of PGBR were significantly improved after properly parboiled, indicating that parboiling has a certain application value in the GBR processing and a broad industrial application prospect.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Moisture
Controlled terms:Expansion - Hardness - Moisture determination - Steam - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Cooking properties - Germinated brown rice - Parboiling - Quality characteristic - Sensory characters - Textural characteristic - Textural properties - Volumetric expansion
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.20e+02s to 3.00e+02s, Time 1.20e+02s to 6.00e+02s, Time 1.20e+03s, Time 1.50e+03s, Time 6.00e+02s to 1.50e+03s, Time 6.00e+02s, Time 9.00e+02s to 1.50e+03s, Time 9.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20180604758678
Title:Simulation on internal flow characteristics of nozzle for diesel engine fueled with biomass blend fuel
Authors:Geng, Limin (1); Wang, Cheng (1); Wei, Youtao (1); Li, Qi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Development and Application of New Transportation Energy, Chang'an University, Xi'an; 710064, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:70-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The internal turbulent flow and cavitation flow of the nozzle have effect on the fuel spray and atomization of diesel engine, and especially they have a great impact on the process of primary atomization. Biodiesel is a kind of renewable alternative fuel of diesel. Previous studies have shown that biodiesel has higher density, viscosity and surface tension. Compared with diesel, biodiesel is less likely to generate cavitation flow inside nozzle. Therefore, this paper intends to add ethanol to biodiesel so as to improve cavitation flow of biodiesel in nozzle and advance biodiesel atomization. The geometry of the actual nozzle is very small and visual experimental research on full-size jet nozzle is relatively difficult. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of the fuel properties on the internal flow characteristics of nozzle were studied by computational simulation approaches. A three-dimensional nozzle model was created by GAMBIT, in which, pressure distribution, velocity distribution and cavitation distribution of diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/ethanol blended fuel in nozzle were simulated with the mixture multiphase model of FLUENT. During the simulation, for validating the mixture multiphase model, turbulence model and cavity model, the comparison between visual experiment and computational simulation results of diesel cavitation area was carried out under different injection pressures. These models were confirmed to be effective. The simulation results show that the pressure drops rapidly at the joint connecting the pressure chamber and nozzle entrance, and the pressure tends to be stable after entering the nozzle, while the pressure increases slightly near nozzle exit. The pressure decline range of biodiesel is the greatest. Compared with diesel, the pressure of biodiesel reduces by 23.91% at the different cross section of nozzle. The pressure decline range is comparable between diesel fuel and biodiesel/ethanol blended fuel. The fuel flow velocity increases rapidly at the entrance of the nozzle, and the flow velocity rises slowly after entering the nozzle, while the fuel flow velocity slightly decreases near the nozzle exit. From the nozzle center to the nozzle periphery, the fuel flow velocity gradually reduces owing to viscous force of the nozzle wall. At the different cross sections of the nozzle, the flow velocity of diesel is the fastest and its flow velocity reaches 229.8 m/s at the nozzle outlet. The flow velocity of biodiesel/ethanol blended fuel is slower than that of diesel and its flow velocity is 223.1 m/s at the nozzle outlet, while the flow velocity of biodiesel is the slowest among the 3 kinds of fuels, and its flow velocity is 214.9 m/s at the nozzle outlet. The cavitation first occurs at the corner of the nozzle entrance, and then it develops to nozzle exit and gradually weakens. At the different sections of nozzle, the gas volume fraction of diesel is the greatest and that of biodiesel is the smallest. The gas volume fraction of biodiesel drops on the average by 11.1% compared with that of diesel and the cavitation of biodiesel is relatively weaker than that of diesel. However, the gas volume fraction of biodiesel/ethanol blended fuel is nearly comparable with that of diesel and there is only 1.8% difference between blended fuel and diesel fuel. Adding ethanol to biodiesel can reduce fuel density, viscosity and surface tension, improve fuel flow characteristics and promote the cavitation of biodiesel in the nozzle. The cavitation in the nozzle can provide initial disturbance for the circular jet spray and promote fuel atomization.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Alternative fuels - Atomization - Biodiesel - Biofuels - Cavitation - Diesel engines - Diesel fuels - Drops - Engines - Ethanol - Fighter aircraft - Flow velocity - Flowmeters - Fuels - Jets - Mixtures - Nozzles - Surface tension - Turbulence models - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Viscosity - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:Blended fuels - Computational simulation - Experimental research - Fuel-flow characteristics - Internal cavitation - Internal flow characteristics - Simulation - Three-dimensional nozzles
Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 631 Fluid Flow - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.39e+01%, Velocity 2.15e+02m/s, Velocity 2.23e+02m/s, Velocity 2.30e+02m/s, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20180604758684
Title:Suitable evaluation for crops and water-saving irrigation methods for arable sandy land in Inner Mongolia
Authors:Fan, Yuchuan (1); Yan, Xudong (2); Zhang, Hongfei (2); Pang, Haosheng (1); Liu, Lining (1); Wang, Tianshu (1); Li, Shujuan (1); Yu, Yangliu (3); Zuo, Qiang (1); Shi, Jianchu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Land Management Center, Hohhot; 010020, China; (3) Pudong New Area Agricultural Service Center, Shanghai; 201200, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Jianchu(shijianchu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:115-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the ecological security barrier in the north of China, Inner Mongolia is also the important agricultural and animal husbandry production base, and about one third of this region belongs to sandy land. Some sandy land is arable since plant growth requirements can be satisfied under natural conditions or when some artificial measures are used. Usually, some problems such as water shortage, water and nutrition leakage, high temperature on soil surface, and complex topography, exist for arable sandy land, but farmers cannot take effective measures to deal with these problems except make some simple management according to their experiences. The difficulties in optimizing crop planting structure and choosing irrigation methods usually lead to substantial waste of water and nutrient resources, lowing land productivity level, and even un-cultivation land. In order to provide references for local farmers to sustainably use arable sandy land by overcoming these limitation factors, seven farm crops (spring maize (Zea mays), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), rapeseed (Brassica rapus), rice (Oryza sativa) and potato (Solanum tuberosum)), which had large planting areas and higher grain yields in the last five years in Inner Mongolia, were evaluated according to their water requirement, effective accumulated temperature, soil pH value, response to increased temperature, economic benefit, and drought resistance, respectively. Meanwhile, eight forage grasses (Agropyron, Artemisia desertorum, Caragana korshinskii Kom, Elymus dahuricus Turcz, Leymus chinensis Tzvel.cv, Medicago sativa L, Astragalus adsurgens Pall., and Bromus inermis Leyss.cv.) with large planting areas in the last 10 years and one another popular forage grass (Zea mays L.cv.) in Inner Mongolia were also evaluated according to precipitation, temperature, soil pH value, nutrient value, respectively. Based on crop planting models, the specific characteristics of various irrigation methods, as well as specific soil and climate conditions and topography characteristics for arable sandy land in Inner Mongolia, appropriate water saving irrigation method was chosen for each crop. The results indicated that the rank of comprehensive suitability for farm crops in arable sandy land was: spring maize, spring wheat, millet, soybean, rape seed, rice and potato. For forage grass, the rank of comprehensive suitability in arable sandy land was: Agropyron, Artemisia desertorum, Zea mays L.cv., Caragana korshinskii Kom, Elymus dahuricus Turcz, Leymus chinensis, Medicago sativa L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall. and Bromus inermis Leyss.cv. These loosely planted (wide seeding/row spacing) crops such as maize, rice, soybean and potato were suggested to be drip-irrigated and even under mulch film, while those closely planted (narrow seeding/row spacing) crops such as forage grass were suggested to be irrigated through sprinklers. When crop suitability was evaluated, we used data from various published papers with different experimental conditions. In addition, when evaluating indicators were chosen and their weight factors were determined, subjectivity might really exist. Therefore, the evaluating method adopted in this study can be further improved. However, the results are still reliable and valuable for application and can provide reference for utilizing arable sandy land in Inner Mongolia sustainably and efficiently.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:62
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Climate models - Crops - Cultivation - Grain (agricultural product) - Hose - Irrigation - Nitrogen fixation - Nutrients - pH - Plants (botany) - Seed - Soils - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Caragana korshinskii kom - Evaluating indicators - Experimental conditions - Forage grass - Increased temperature - Suitability evaluation - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20180604758690
Title:Soil salinity retrieval model based on OLI and HSI image fusion
Authors:Li, Yanling (1, 2); Zhao, Gengxing (2); Chang, Chunyan (2); Wang, Zhuoran (2); Wang, Ling (2); Zheng, Jiarong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Beijing Polytechnic College, Beijing; 100042, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Gengxing(zhaogx@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:173-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salinization is the main problem of land degradation in the Yellow River Delta of China. Remote sensing technology can gain soil salinization information quickly and accurately, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture. In this paper, a typical salinization area in Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta was chosen as the study area. In order to retrieve soil salinity from hyperspectral imagery with high accuracy, image fusion and machine learning were used in this study. HSI (hyperspectral imaging radiometer) hyperspectral imagery of HJ-1A satellite of China and OLI (operational oand imager) multispectral imagery of Landsat 8 of USA (United States of America) were preprocessed, including radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and image registration. After that, the 2 kinds of images were fused with the hyperspherical color space resolution merge algorithm. This algorithm was designed for 8-band data of Worldview-2 sensor, and it works with any multispectral data containing 3 bands or more. The fused image has 30 m spatial resolution and 4.32 nm spectral resolution, in which saline soil can be identified better than that in the original image. The feature bands were selected according to spectral analysis of different levels of saline soil and the PLSR (partial least squares regression) regression coefficients between soil salinity and imagery bands. Two types of models, i.e. statistical model and machine learning model, were built. The statistical model includes multi linear regression model and PLSR model, while the machine learning model includes BP (back propagation) neural network model, support vector machine (SVM) model and random forest (RF) model. These models were built with soil salinity data as retrieval target and feature bands of images as input variables. In this process, natural logarithm function was adopted for soil salinity data to obey the normal distribution. The research gained the following results. Firstly, the retrieval model based on fused images is overall better than HSI images, and the latter is better than OLI multispectral images, which shows that both spatial and spectral resolution have important effects on the retrieval results. The retrieval accuracy of fused image is obviously better than that of HSI and OLI images. The main reason is that the fused image not only has both high spatial and spectral resolution but also has fewer mixed pixels. Secondly, with regard to performance of the models, the machine learning models are superior to the classic statistical models. This is because classic statistics often require sufficient samples, while machine learning is designed for small sample data and has more advantages over retrieval problems. In general, BP neural network model is better than SVM model and RF model. For the retrieval of fused images, the correlation coefficients of the 3 models are all higher than 0.82, and thus all of them achieve desirable results. Thirdly, the results also indicate that the accuracy of the models can be improved to some extent by proper preprocessing of the data, such as natural logarithm function which can let the data obey normal distribution. Either the classic statistical analysis method or the new machine learning method is based on the training data to explore the relationship between the retrieval target and the input variables. We then conclude that: 1) Despite the differences both in time and in wavelength between OLI and HSI images, image fusion can significantly improve the accuracy of remote sensing retrieval of soil salinity; 2) Machine learning model is better than traditional statistical model for soil salinization retrieval; 3) The main factors that affect the retrieval accuracy in our study include the number of measured samples, the quality of remote sensing data, the data preprocessing, fusion and modeling methods, and so on. Therefore, this study provides useful results and has positive theoretical and practical significance to the soil salinity retrieval in the typical area of the Yellow River Delta with remote sensing method.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Artificial intelligence - Backpropagation - Data fusion - Decision trees - Hyperspectral imaging - Image fusion - Image retrieval - Learning systems - Least squares approximations - Linear regression - Models - Neural networks - Normal distribution - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Rivers - Salts - Satellite imagery - Soils - Space optics - Spectral resolution - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Statistics - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:BP (back propagation) neural network - Hyper-spectral imageries - Machine learning methods - Natural logarithm functions - Partial least squares regression - Radiometric calibrations - Remote sensing technology - Statistical analysis methods
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 655.2 Satellites - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.00e+01m, Size 4.32e-09m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20180604758677
Title:Kinematic/static performance evaluation and geometric parameter design of parallel-driving leg mechanism
Authors:Zhang, Jinzhu (1); Jin, Zhenlin (1); Zhang, Tianhao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Zhenlin(zljin@ysu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:61-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to raise mechanization and automation level of agricultural operations, broaden the scope of application of agricultural robot, a novel three degree of freedom leg mechanism used in the six-legged walking robot was introduced. The kinematic and static performances of the leg mechanism were analyzed. The geometric parameters of the leg mechanism were optimized by multiple objectives. In this paper, firstly, the coupling relationship between the linear velocity and angular velocity of the foot was resolved. The kinematic performance index was defined based on the condition number of Jacobian matrix. The distribution diagram of kinematic performance index was drawn. It can be seen that kinematic performance index was small in the central area of workspace of the leg mechanism from this distribution diagram. It was shown that the kinematic performance of leg mechanism was better in the central area than other areas of workspace of the leg mechanism. Secondly, the ground surface types were summarized as hard and soft ground surfaces considering the acting generalized force types between the standing foot and the ground surface. The acting generalized forces were three-dimensional pure force when the ground surface type was hard ground. The acting generalized forces were six-dimensional force when the ground surface type was soft ground. The driving static model of the whole leg mechanism was built based on the principle of virtual work. Then according to different ground surface, the local and global static performance evaluation indices were proposed. The distribution diagrams of the local static performance evaluation indices were drawn, respectively. It can be seen that the load performance was batter in the area of y>0 than the one in the area of y<0 (as shown in Fig.1). Again the closer to the boundary of workspace the leg was, the better the static transfer performance of the leg mechanism was. But, the leg mechanism needed more rough ground to provide enough friction when the standing leg was in the boundary of its workspace. The constraint Jacobian matrix of the driving mechanism was built based on the theory of linear space. The constraint statics performance evaluation indices were proposed based on constraint Jacobian matrix. The distribution diagram of the local constraint statics performance index was drawn. From the distribution diagram, it can be seen that constraint force transfer performance index remained unchanged in everywhere of the workspace and constraint torque transfer performance index was smaller in the area of x=0 than other areas. It was shown that constraint force transfer performance of driving mechanism was good and constant in whole workspace, constraint torque transfer performance of driving mechanism was better in the area of x=0. Lastly, aiming at improving comprehensive property of leg mechanism, its geometric parameters were optimized using searching method. Optimization results showed that when the parameters of the long rod and connecting rod of parallelogram mechanism was 330 mm and 140 mm, respectively, the parameters of rod connected with ground was 320 mm, comprehensive property of leg mechanism was better. Compared with before optimization, the kinematic performance of the optimized leg mechanism was increased by 5.46%, the maximum gravity load was increased by 18.02%, and the maximum torque of the driving joint was reduced by 6.33%. The hexapod robot was designed based on optimized parameters. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the gait planning and control of the six legged robot. Meanwhile, optimal design method for geometric parameters of leg mechanism of the six-legged robot applied in this paper is also applicable to other six legged robot.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Design - Geometry - Jacobian matrices - Kinematics - Machine design - Machinery - Matrix algebra - Mechanisms - Number theory - Robot programming - Robots - Static analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive properties - Parallel-driving mechanical leg - Parameter designs - Performance evaluation - Performance evaluation index - Principle of virtual work - Six-legged walking robots - Static performance evaluation
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.3 Mechanisms - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.5 Robotics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 5.46e+00%, Percentage 6.33e+00%, Size 1.40e-01m, Size 3.20e-01m, Size 3.30e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20180604758708
Title:Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics characters of organic acids from apple juice by magnetic chitosan microspheres
Authors:Jiang, Feihong (1, 2, 3); Yuan, Yahong (1, 2, 3); Ren, Tingting (1, 2, 3); Meng, Diaoqin (1, 2, 3); Yue, Tianli (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Yue, Tianli(yuetl@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:307-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The aim of this research was to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of organic acids adsorption from apple juice by magnetic chitosan microspheres. Magnetic chitosan microspheres of 0.500 g were accurately added to 30 mL clarified apple juice in which organic acid concentration was 2.32 mg/mL. Oscillatory adsorption of organic acids by magnetic chitosan microspheres was carried out at 3 temperature gradients (298, 318 and 338 K) respectively and the adsorption amount at different adsorption time was calculated. The adsorption kinetic curves at 3 temperatures were obtained by plotting the organic acid adsorption amounts with the adsorption time. At the same time, 0.500 g magnetic chitosan microspheres were accurately added to 30 mL clarified apple juice with different initial concentrations of organic acid (2.782 4, 3.744 5, 4.649 6, 5.772 6, 6.892 2, and 7.814 1 mg/mL). Oscillatory adsorption was respectively carried out at 3 temperature gradients until adsorption equilibrium was reached and the adsorption capacity at equilibrium was determined after magnetic separation under a magnetic field. The adsorption capacity at equilibrium was plotted with the organic acid concentration at equilibrium after adsorption to obtain adsorption isotherms under 3 temperature gradients. The Lagergren pseudo-first-order kinetic model, Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Elovich model and internal diffusion model were used to fit the adsorption kinetic data. Three isothermal adsorption models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) were used to analyze adsorption thermodynamics properties. According to the adsorption kinetic curves, it was seen that initial adsorption rate tended to increase with the increasing of the temperature. Meanwhile adsorption amount at equilibrium (112.374 9, 105.558 4, and 100.424 9 mg/g) decreased with the increasing of the temperature, which demonstrated that the adsorption process was exothermic and higher temperature impeded the adsorption reactivity. By comparing the correlation coefficient, it was found that adsorption kinetic process conformed to the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model better (R<sup>2</sup>>0.998). The adsorption constant declined gradually with the temperature increasing, which also offered a proof of heat release about the adsorption process. Also, the equilibrium adsorption amount calculated by the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic model was close to the data obtained from the experiment. Adsorption thermodynamics conformed to Langmuir isothermal adsorption model (R<sup>2</sup>>0.998), which indicated that the adsorption process was a monolayer chemical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy change and standard enthalpy change were below zero, and standard entropy change was above zero, which indicated that the adsorption of organic acid to magnetic chitosan microspheres was a spontaneous and exothermic process along with the increasing of entropy. The kinetics and thermodynamics process can provide technical basis for the adsorption process of organic acid from apple juice using the magnetic chitosan microspheres.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Adsorption
Controlled terms:Adsorption isotherms - Chitin - Chitosan - Dyes - Entropy - Enzyme kinetics - Free energy - Fruit juices - Fruits - Gibbs free energy - Kinetic parameters - Kinetic theory - Kinetics - Magnetic bubbles - Magnetic separation - Magnetism - Microspheres - Organic acids - Temperature - Thermal gradients - Thermodynamics
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption thermodynamics - Apple juice - Gibbs free energy changes - Kinetics and thermodynamics - Magnetic chitosan microspheres - Organic acid concentration - Pseudo-first order kinetic model - Pseudo-second-order kinetic models
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e-04kg, Mass_Density 2.32e+00kg/m3, Temperature 3.18e+02K, Temperature 3.38e+02K, Volume 3.00e-05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20180604758671
Title:Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of crop straw nutrient resources and returning to farmland in China
Authors:Liu, Xiaoyong (1); Li, Shutian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) Beijing Office, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shutian(sli@ipni.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop straw resource in China is plentiful, but in different regions the straw resource capacity, the corresponding nutrient resource capacity and available amount of returning to farmland as well as the changes over time have not been very clear. Based on official statistical data and literature review, this study analyzed the capacity of crop straw, the corresponding nutrient nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and available amount of returning to farmland in different time slots at provincial level, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for rational utilization of straw nutrient resources and nutrient management under zero growth of chemical fertilizer. Results indicated that the capacity of crop straw and its NPK nutrients increased by 85.77% and 104% from 1980s to 2010s, respectively. Among the regions, the increase of crop straw capacity and NPK nutrients in Northwest, Tibet Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province was more obvious. The crop straw and its nutrient capacity in North Plain, middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Sichuan Basin and Heilongjiang Province accounted for two-thirds of the total capacity in China. By the 2010s, the total crop straw and its total N, P and K capacity in China have reached 9.01×10<sup>8</sup>and 2 485.63×10<sup>4</sup>t, respectively, equivalent to per unit area of farmland of 6 665.56 and 183.91 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, 1 601.18 and 56.85 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>more than those in 1980s, respectively. Great variability existed among different regions in the capacity of straw and its nutrients from specific kinds of crops. In 2010s, the proportions of crop straw and its nutrient capacity from cereal crops accounted for 69.86% and 56.47% of the total capacity in China, respectively, and the highest proportions of cereal crop straw and its nutrient capacity occurred in Northeast region. The capacity of crop straw and nutrient from fruits and vegetables accounted for 9.67% and 21.99% of the total capacity in China, respectively, and the Northeast region had the highest proportions of straw and nutrient capacity of fruit and vegetable. The proportions of straw and nutrients capacity from beans, potatoes, oil crops, cotton and other fiber crops were relatively small. The amount of direct straw returning to farmland has continually increased from 1980s to 2010s, while the amount of straw returning to farmland after burning increased from the 1980s to 2000s, and decreased in 2010s. However, the total amount of straw NPK nutrients returning to farmland has increased continually from 1980s to 2010s. The total NPK nutrients increased from 583.92×10<sup>4</sup>t (N 97.81×10<sup>4</sup>t, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>40.10×10<sup>4</sup>t and K<inf>2</inf>O 446.01×10<sup>4</sup>t) in 1980s to 1 770.66×10<sup>4</sup>t (N 574.53×10<sup>4</sup>t, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>105.53×10<sup>4</sup>t and K<inf>2</inf>O 1 090.60×10<sup>4</sup>t) in 2010s, equivalent to per unit area of farmland of 60.89 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(N 10.20 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>4.18 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K<inf>2</inf>O 46.51 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) in 1980s to 131.0 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(N 42.5 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>7.8 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K<inf>2</inf>O 80.7 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) in 2010s. The ratio of crop straw NPK nutrients returning to farmland was 47.92%, 56.16%, 60.11% and 71.24%, respectively in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. From 1980s to 2000s, the increase of the ratio of crop straw NPK nutrients returning to farmland in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Heilongjiang was obvious, but the total amount of crop straw NPK returning to farmland in the North Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Sichuan Basin accounted for more than two-thirds of total crop straw NPK returning to farmland in China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:127
Main heading:Nutrients
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Crops - Farms - Fertilizers - Fruits - Information management - Nitrogen fertilizers - Spatial distribution - Straw - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Fruit and vegetables - Fruits and vegetables - Middle and lower reaches of the yangtze rivers - Middle and lower reaches of yangtze rivers - Nutrient management - Temporal and spatial distribution - Tibet autonomous region
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+02%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 4.79e+01%, Percentage 5.62e+01%, Percentage 5.65e+01%, Percentage 6.01e+01%, Percentage 6.99e+01%, Percentage 7.12e+01%, Percentage 8.58e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20180604758699
Title:Environment impact evaluation of straw biogas project for central gas supply based on LCA
Authors:Wang, Hongyan (1); Wang, Yajing (1); Gao, Chunyu (1); Wang, Daolong (1); Qin, Cheng (1); Bi, Yuyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Yuyun(biyuyun@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:237-243
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chinese government has been encouraging the use of crop straw as energy sources in the latest decades. Straw biogas project can not only provide clean energy for rural household, but also make full use of crop residue and reduce air pollution caused by straw open burning. Straw biogas industry has developed fast in the latest decades, with a total number of 458 projects by 2015. Crop straw biogas project is environmental-friendly, but pollutants emission will be caused during the biogas project construction, the crop straw transportation and pretreatment, the products utilization processes. The research on the environment performance of straw biogas is a hot topic with the straw biogas industry development of China. Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to calculate a product's environment performance by building an integrated framework of processes. LCA is used to analyze overall inputs, outputs and potential synthetical environmental impacts throughout biogas's lifetime. Some researchers have been studying the environmental impact of straw biogas system by the method of LCA. However, the pollutants emission and energy and material input of construction unit of biogas project were seldom considered in the boundary of the system. The straw biogas system was divided into construction unit, operation unit and product utilization unit during the inventory analysis. This paper analyzed the environment impact of each unit and the whole system of straw biogas project for central gas supply by the LCA method, and it started to focus on the environment performance of construction unit, which is different from previous studies. Taking the straw biogas project of Xijie Village in Anyang County, Henan Province as a case for empirical analysis, this paper made inventory analysis and impact assessment for life cycle of the biogas project including construction unit, project operation unit and product utilization unit. All the raw data were obtained by survey. Data of energy coefficient, emission factor, standardization criteria, and weight factor were acquired from publications and literatures of previous study. Five types of impacts including global warming, acidification, photochemical smog, aerosol, human toxicity were assessed. The result showed that the straw biogas project of Xijie Village produced the biogas of 13.6× 10<sup>4</sup>m<sup>3</sup>per year, and the total global environmental impact load was 129.94 equivalent/(person·year). The environmental impact load of construction unit, operation unit and product utilization unit accounted for 65.62%, 32.76% and 1.62%, respectively. The coal is used to warm the biogas digester in winter in order to increase the biogas yield. The biogas produced can replace the standard coal of 9.71×10<sup>4</sup>t in a year. The total global environmental impact load of coal burning was 262.55 equivalent/(person·year). In the view of energy substitution for coal consumption, the environmental impact load of the biogas project system was reduced by 132.48 equivalent/(person·year), that is to say, the biogas project in this study decreased the environment impact by 50.50% compared to standard coal burning as household fuel. Straw biogas as a clean renewable energy can reduce utilization of coal and improve the environment quality. Construction unit of the straw biogas project contributes the most and product utilization unit contributes the least to the biogas project environment impact. The coal and electricity consumption are 2 main contributors for the environment impact of the biogas project. It is significant to reduce coal and electricity consumption and find low-carbon and environmental-friendly way of straw biogas digester heating in the future.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Environmental impact
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Air pollution - Biogas - Carbon - Coal - Crops - Electric power utilization - Energy policy - Gas supply - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Heating - Life cycle - Pollution - Rural areas - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas projects - Electricity-consumption - Environment impact - Environmental impact loads - Environmental-friendly - Global environmental impacts - Integrated frameworks - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451 Air Pollution - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 522 Gas Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.6 Energy Policy - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.62e+00%, Percentage 3.28e+01%, Percentage 5.05e+01%, Percentage 6.56e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20180604758685
Title:Analysis on yield reduced law of rice in Huaibei plain under drought-flood abrupt alternation
Authors:Gao, Yun (1); Hu, Tiesong (1); Yuan, Hongwei (2); Yang, Jiwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Institute of Water Conservancy Science, Water Resources Committee of Huaihe River in Anhui Province, Bengbu; 233000, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Tiesong(tshu@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:128-136
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drought and flood are important abiotic stresses negatively affecting plant growth and development. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) has made crops often need to bear double stresses of drought and flood. In order to explore the response of rice yield to the double stresses of DFAA, a field experiment was conducted using a mid-season Indica hybrid rice cultivar of II U 898 which is cultivated widely in Huaibei plain with 22 treatments of different drought degrees (50%, 60%, 70% field water-holding rate), different drought time (5, 10, 15 d), different submergence depths (1/2, 3/4, whole plant height) and different flooded time (5, 7, 9 d) in 2016. Twenty-two treatments included 6 treatments with drought followed by no flood (DC), 6 treatments with flood followed by no drought (FC), 9 treatments with DFAA and 1 treatment without drought and flood (CK). At drought stage, the barrels are moved to the side of flooded pool, and their weights are measured at 7:00 am and 6:00 pm daily. The barrels are added with water to meet the requirements of drought stress control. In order to avoid the impact of rain, the shelter is used in advance according to the weather forecast. At flood stage, the barrels are moved to different ladders of flooded pool according to the requirements of different submergence depths. The water level of flooded pool is measured with a ruler at 9:00 every morning, and a certain amount of water is irrigated so that the barrels are able to maintain different submergence depths. In case of rainy days, the flooded pool was drained timely to meet the requirements of flood stress control. The barrels of normal treatment have been placed on the top ladder of flood pool, keeping 2-3 cm water level. The compensation effect of the interaction between drought stress and flood stress on rice yield is calculated. The reason of reduction in yield under the interaction between drought and flood is analyzed, and the effect of the interaction on yield components is explored. It's shown from the results that, compared with the normal group, the yield of DFAA group of combination of heavy drought and heavy flood was reduced by 30.3%, and the total grain number was decreased above 30% under long-term heavy drought, while the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of each treatment group were close to or higher than the normal group. Besides, compared with the drought group, the yield and total grain number of DFAA group (heavy flood) were reduced above 30% and 33.9%-35.2%, and 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of DFAA group (short-term light flood) could respectively compensate for 33.6% and 37.6% compared with the drought group (long-term heavy drought). At last, compared with the flood group, the yield of DFAA group (long-term light drought) could compensate for 113.0% compared with the flood group (long-term heavy flood), the total grain number of DFAA group (heavy drought) was reduced by 31.9%-33.7% compared with the flood group (heavy flood or long-term light flood), and the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of DFAA group (long-term drought) could compensate for 79.7%-118.4% respectively compared with the flood group. The research results can provide a reference for exploring the mechanism of DFAA and disaster mitigation measures.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Floods
Controlled terms:Compensation (personnel) - Drought - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Ladders - Lakes - Stresses - Water levels - Weather forecasting - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Compensation effects - Disaster mitigation - Field experiment - Research results - Rice - Water-holding rates - Yield components - Yield reduction
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.4 Personnel - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.13e+02%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.03e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01% to 3.37e+01%, Percentage 3.36e+01%, Percentage 3.39e+01% to 3.52e+01%, Percentage 3.76e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.97e+01% to 1.18e+02%, Size 2.00e-02m to 3.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20180604758688
Title:Effect of different irrigation amount based on transpiration model on yield and quality of muskmelon
Authors:Li, Jianming (1, 2); Fan, Xiangyu (1, 2); Yan, Fangfang (1); Li, Hui (1, 2); Cai, Dongsheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:156-162
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Transpiration models are important for determining crop water demand and irrigation amount. In this study, a simple transpiration model was proposed by investigating the relationship between daily transpiration and its influencing factors and the model was tested by experimental values and used for study the influence of irrigation determined by the model on growth, yield and quality of muskmelon. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse located in Yangling, Shannxi. In 2015, the irrigation was based on the measured transpiration. The leaf area index, temperature, relative humidity and photosynthetically active radiation were measured. Their relationships with transpiration were studied. Based on the relationships, the model was established. In 2016, 4 irrigation levels (80%ET, 100%ET, 120%ET and 140%ET) were designed. The results of the irrigation level of 100%ET were used for model validation. Then the fruit biomass, yield and quality were determined. The results showed that the effect of influencing factors on the transpiration was ordered by leaf area index > daily average temperature > daily average relative humidity > intensity of solar radiation. A model was built for transpiration simulation. The determination coefficient was 0.984. The validation of model showed that the root mean square error was 41.83 g, the relative error was 11.4% and the determination coefficient was 0.937. It suggested that the model could well fit the transpiration. The irrigation experiment based on the proposed model showed that the different levels of irrigation had significant effects on dry matter accumulation and distribution. From stretching stage to fruiting stage, dry matter accumulation in different treatments was highest in the 120%ET and 140ET and lowest in the 80%ET. The dry matter accumulation of fruit in fruiting stage was the highest in the 120%ET and the lowest in the 80%ET. The dry matter distribution in the stretching stage showed leaf > stem > root, the dry matter distribution in flowering stage showed that leaf > fruit > stem > root, and the dry matter distribution in fruiting stage showed that fruit > leaf > stem > root. The yield of muskmelon declined in the low or high level of irrigation based on transpiration model and the yield of 120%ET was the highest with 1.23 kg/plant. The water use efficiency of muskmelon increased with decreasing irrigation level. The content of soluble solid, soluble protein and soluble sugar showed a rising then declined trend with the irrigation levels. The subordinate function value of fruit quality was 4.69 (120%ET) > 3.45 (100%ET) > 3.34 (80%ET) > 2.27 (140%ET). Thus, the treatment of 120%ET was the best for muskmelon growth, quality and yield.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Fruits - Greenhouses - Mean square error - Regression analysis - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:Daily average relative humidities - Determination coefficients - Dry matter accumulation - Path analysis - Photosynthetically active radiation - Root mean square errors - Subordinate function - Water use efficiency
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 4.18e-02kg, Percentage 1.14e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20180604758686
Title:Suitable bunch pieces and planting density saving water and increasing yield of potato with black plastic film mulching and ridge planting in dryland
Authors:Wang, Yong (1); Gao, Yingping (2); Dang, Yi (3); Shi, Yuzhang (2); Zhao, Gang (3); Li, Xueying (2); Zhang, Jianjun (3); Wu, Yongbin (2); Wang, Lei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Zhuanglang Agricultural Technology and Extension Center, Zhuanglang; 744600, China; (3) Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:137-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration and crop water use efficient in dryland, 4 years of split-plot experiments were carried out in at Dry Farming Experimental Base in Zhuanglang County of Gansu Province from 2013 to 2016. According to precipitation from 1989 to 2016, the years of 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 belonged to humid, dry, normal and dry years, respectively. Three treatments were designed including different plastic film colors, bunch pieces and planting density. The plastic film included white and black colors. The bunch pieces included 1 and 2 pieces before the year of 2015 and whole piece was added in 2016. The planting density included 72 720 (row spacing of 25 cm), 51 945 (row spacing of 35 cm) and 40 395 plants/hm<sup>2</sup>(row spacing of 45 cm). The potato was cultivated on ridges. During the potato cultivation, the irrigation was not performed. The results showed that the growth period was shorter for the dry year but expanded for the humid year. The plastic film color could significantly affect potato yield. On average, the yield was increased by 8.1% when the black film was used. However, in the dry year, the yield was not significantly different. The influence of plastic film color on the yield was greater in the humid year, followed by the normal year and the dry year. The bunch pieces also affected the potato yield. For all the years, the yield was higher for the 2 pieces than the 1 piece. On average, the increasing rate could be 12.9%. The influence of bunch piece was greater in the dry year, humid year and normal year. In 2016 when the whole piece was added, the potato yield was the highest in the whole piece. The potato yield was increased when the rowing space was decreased or the planting density was increased. On average, the potato yield was decreased by 12.76% and 22.95% when the rowing space of 25 cm increased to 35 and 45 cm, respectively. The influence of rowing space was the highest in the normal year, followed by humid and dry year. Among all the treatments, the highest potato yield was 48170.3 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>for the treatment of black film with 2 pieces and rowing space of 25 cm. The water use efficiency was 17.1% higher by using black film mulching than white film mulching, and 33.2% higher in the 2 pieces than the 1 piece. Among all the treatments of planting density, the water use efficiency of 25 cm rowing space was the highest (101.9 kg/(hm<sup>2</sup>·mm)). The water use efficiency was greatly affected by rowing space, film and bunch piece and the influence was highest in the dry year, the normal year and humid year. The influence on the water use efficiency was the highest by the bunch piece, rowing space and film in the humid year, but the highest in the rowing space, film and bunch piece in the normal year. Thus, the suitable cultivation method for potato in dryland was the row spacing of 25 cm, the black film and the whole piece or 2 pieces.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Sports
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Color - Cultivation - Efficiency - Plastic films - Precipitation (chemical)
Uncontrolled terms:Bunch pieces - Planting density - Potato - Ridges - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 1.71e+01%, Percentage 2.29e+01%, Percentage 3.32e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+00%, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20180604758704
Title:Vigor detection of sweet corn seeds by optimal sensor array based on electronic nose
Authors:Zhang, Tingting (1); Sun, Qun (1); Yang, Lei (1); Yang, Liming (2); Wang, Jianhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Qun(sqcau@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:275-281
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nondestructive testing equipment is important for the detection of seed vigor. However, there are few studies based on nondestructive testing equipment in sweet corn seed vigor. Therefore, developing an effective and reliable system for the detection of seed vigor has a certain practical significance. As a bionic electronic system, electronic nose (E-nose) detects the vigor of seed qualitatively and quantitatively through the analysis of sample volatile gas's fingerprint information. So it is pretty suitable for sweet corn seed detection, though sweet corn seed's odor is comprised of complicated compositions and small differences exist among seeds with different vigor, which makes the detection difficult. Given that, this paper proposed a monitoring method of sweet corn seed vigor based on E-nose. Five samples of sweet corn seeds with different vigor (germination percentages were 83.3%, 70.8%, 54.2%, 38.4% and 3.8%) were detected by E-nose. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA) were used to process the data by Winmuster software. The results showed that E-nose could not distinguish the sweet corns with different seed vigor only by PCA or LDA. Then we tried to use support vector machine (SVM) method to detect the seed vigor. The result was pretty good. To further research the feasibility of E-nose application for testing seed vigor, we used loading analysis to find the most useful sensor array. Loading analysis of E-nose sensors indicated that the sensors of W1W, W5S, W1S, W2S, W2W and W3S were found to be more sensitive than other sensors. These sensors might play an important role in the discrimination of samples, which provided a reference for the development of special-purpose sensor systems for sweet corn seed samples in future. According to this result, we reckoned the sensor array was composed of W1W, W5S, W1S, W2S, W2W and W3S to be the optimized sensor array. To verify the validity of optimization, the classification model and the regression model which were built by SVM method were used to compare the ability of discrimination and forecast between the data before and after optimization. Results indicated that sweet corns with different seed vigor were well classified by the optimized array. The accuracies of the training set and prediction set belonging to the classification model based on the whole sensor array by using SVM were 97.10% and 96.67%, respectively, and the time taken by modeling was 30.75 s. However, the accuracies of the training set and prediction set belonging to the classification model based on the optimized sensor array by using SVM were 98.55% and 96.67%, respectively, and the time taken by modeling was 21.81 s. Meanwhile, the result showed that the regression model based on the optimized sensor array (R<sup>2</sup>was 0.984, root mean square error (RMSE) was 3.01%) performed better than that based on the whole sensor array (R<sup>2</sup>=0.913, RMSE=8.50%). In addition, there was little difference of prediction parameters between the training set and validation set, which meant that the over-fit phenomenon didn't exist and the forecast ability of the optimized sensor array was better than the whole sensor array. As a result, E-nose technology could be used as a feasible and reliable method for the determination of seed vigor during the storage. The result can provide the theoretical reference for rapid detection of seed vigor during grain storage using volatile odor information.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Electronic nose
Controlled terms:Binary alloys - Classification (of information) - Digital storage - Forecasting - Mean square error - Nondestructive examination - Optimization - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis - Seed - Sensors - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Classification models - Electronic nose (e-nose) - Germination percentages - Linear discrimination analysis - Non destructive testing - Root mean square errors - Sweet corns - Vigor
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.01e+00%, Percentage 3.80e+00%, Percentage 3.84e+01%, Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 7.08e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+01%, Percentage 9.71e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+01%, Time 2.18e+01s, Time 3.08e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20180604758696
Title:Origin traceability of Heilongjiang soybean using fingerprint of mineral elements
Authors:Lu, Baoxin (1); Zhang, Dongjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Universitiy, Daqing; 163319, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Dongjie(byndzdj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:216-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a major production country of soybeans. A number of geographical indication products (such as soybeans in the Qiqihar region and soybeans in the Bei'an area) have been formed in long-term climate environments and specific geographical locations. The establishment of source traceability technology for the soybean production with geographical indication provides a strong technical support to improve the reputation of production enterprises and market competitiveness. Identification of the information to be recorded is the most important requirement for developing an effective traceability system. The feasibility analysis with mineral composition fingerprint technique for geographical origin traceability of Heilongjiang soybean and the screening of effective indicators to determine origin place of Heilongjiang soybean were performed in this research. The contents of 52 mineral elements including Na, Mg, Al, and K in 50 soybean samples from Qiqihar and Bei'an were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and then variance analysis (VA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were performed with the data. The contents of 46 mineral elements of the soybeans significantly differed among regions, which suggested that these mineral components could be used for origin traceability of Heilongjiang soybean. Based on the scree plot and the contribution rate of variance, 8 principal components were extracted by the PCA to establish the origin discrimination model using the DA. The overall criterion rate of crossing examination of the model was 95.7%, which confirmed that the models could accurately discriminate the origin place of soybean. The contents of AI, V, Ag, Cd, Ba, Tb, Pt and Au showed effective judgment on soybean samples from Qiqihar and Bei'an. In order to further explain the relation between mineral element contents in soil and those in soybean, Pearson correlation analysis was carried out. The contents of As, Ru and Gd in soybean were positively related with those in soil, while the content of Tb in soybean was highly positively related with that in soil. The discriminant model formed by 4 mineral elements was proved to discriminate the sources of the whole samples correctly. The correct discrimination rates of the models for Qiqihar and Bei'an were 96.2% and 100% respectively. Therefore, the mineral element fingerprint technology is feasible to determine the origin place of soybean.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Competition - Correlation methods - Discriminant analysis - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - Magnesium - Mass spectrometry - Minerals - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Fingerprint - Fingerprint techniques - Fingerprint technologies - Geographical locations - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometries (ICPMS) - Origin traceability - Pearson correlation analysis - Soybean
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 542.2 Magnesium and Alloys - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20180604758673
Title:Verification for EDEM simulation of process of jacking tray-seedling by steel needle in grafting machine and parameter optimization
Authors:Gao, Guohua (1); Wang, Kai (1); Sun, Xiaona (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:29-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The jacking mechanism of ZGM-7 automatic tray-seedling grafting machine developed by our research group has failure problems in the process of jacking seedling by needle. For solving those failure problems, the software EDEM (enhanced discrete/distinct element method) is used in the research of the process of jacking seedling by needle in this paper. The Edinburgh elastic-plastic cohesion model (ECM) is chosen as particle contact model and a variety of complex particle models with various material properties are established to simulate the realistic seedling substrate in the software EDEM. Furthermore, the relationship between the mechanism and the seedling substrate is studied in simulation. It takes the maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate as index parameter and analyzes the principles how the different factors, including needle diameter, needle length and jacking speed, influence the process of jacking seedling by needle. The simulation and experimental tests are designed and performed by response surface methodology. The actual experimental result is consistent with the simulation result. The both results show that needle diameter and jacking speed have a significant influence on the maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate, and the interaction between needle diameter and jacking speed is significant. The maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate increases monotonically and then slowly decreases monotonically with the increasing of needle diameter in the test level. The maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate increases monotonically with the increasing of jacking speed in the test level. The maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate increases with the increasing of jacking speed, when the needle diameter is large. The maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate decreases with the increasing of the needle diameter, when the jacking speed is small. The maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate gradually increases and then decreases with the increasing of the diameter of steel needle, when the jacking speed is large. The error between simulation and experiment result is only 0.7%-7.2%. Among those errors, larger errors only exist in phenomenon of dropping and crooking seedling substrate. The realistic seedling substrate has a root system, which prevents the insertion of needle. Thus, the seedling substrate is easier to be dropped and crooked early. However, the error when vertically jacking seedling substrate is less than 2.1% in simulation and experiment. The successful maximum jacking height of the bottom of seedling substrate is 144 mm, which is proposed as the optimization target. The software Design-Expert is used to optimize the simulation results within test level. The optimal parameters of the simulation result are needle diameter of 2.28 mm, needle length of 12.28 mm and jacking speed of 0.09 mm/s. The simulation optimization parameters are applied to the actual mechanism. It's found that the effect of simulation optimization is significant and the success rate of jacking seedlings is 95.3%. This study greatly improves the operation effect of jacking mechanism of ZGM-7 automatic plug-seedling grafting machine, and it provides reference for the similar problems like jacking up the discrete matrix by needle. Meantime, the reliability of simulation results has been proved in this paper. So, the experimental results can be replaced by simulation results, which will reduce actual test workload significantly and shorten the equipment development cycle obviously. The method in this paper achieves a good simulation effect, which can be applied to other similar complicated environments.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Needles
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Computer software - Elastoplasticity - Errors - Grafting (chemical) - Optimization - Problem solving - Software design - Software testing - Speed - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Equipment development - Jacking - Parameter optimization - Particle contacts - Response surface methodology - Seedling - Simulation effects - Simulation optimization
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.10e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01% to 7.20e+00%, Percentage 9.53e+01%, Size 1.23e-02m, Size 1.44e-01m, Size 2.28e-03m, Velocity 9.00e-05m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20180604758683
Title:Two-stage interval parameters water resources model considering ecology and application in irrigation district
Authors:Li, Chenyang (1); Yu, Weiming (1); Chen, Zhengrui (1); Cao, Mengke (1); Guo, Tingting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:105-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapid economic development and expanded utilization of natural resources have caused shortage of water resources, environmental pollution and ecological deterioration and the others. The current water resources allocation rarely is related with ecology. In this study, a two-stage interval parameters water resources optimal model considering ecology was established. The agricultural water resources was allocated by considering crop water allocation, ecological water requirement, water quality pollution compensation, water uncertainty and economic benefits. In the model, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were considered to represent the effect of water quality. The output was given in an interval form. Then, the model was applied to Jiansanjiang region for its reliability test. The Jiansanjiang included 15 farms, covering an area of 67.42 hm<sup>2</sup>. The water resources were rich here with surface water storage of 520 million cubic meter and underground water storage of 1483 million cubic meter in 2011. The inflow amount was 400-450 mm in 2002, 2008 and 2011, 500 mm above in 2009, 2012 and 2013, and 450-500 mm for the other years. Thus, the inflow was assumed to be low, middle and high levels. The probability of these 3 levels was assumed to be 20%, 60% and 20%, respectively. According to the local statistics, the irrigation amount per unit area was 6 561, 1 305 and 1 443 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively for rice, maize and soybean. The target water in advance and water demand of crops for rice were far higher than those for maize and soybean. The absorbance from the groundwater was higher than that from the surface water. The penalty coefficient of maize was the highest among the 3 crops. The surface water for nitrogen dilution and phosphorus dilution was between 1 823.58 million cubic meter and 15 207.80 million cubic meter and the ground water for dilution was between 576.23 and 3 126.10 million cubic meter. The total compensation cost was highest in the low flow level and lowest in the high flow level. The decision variable was 0 for the surface water in rice, 1 for the ground water in rice, 0.92 for the surface water in maize, 0.89 for the ground water in maize, 1 for the ground water in soybean and 0.66 for the ground water in soybean. For the rice, the optimal allocation target of water was 594.61 million cubic meter for the surface water. The optimal water allocation for rice was 516.49 million cubic meter when the inflow level was low. The optimal ground water allocation was between 1 035.09 million cubic meter and 1 224.38 million cubic meter in rice, between 2.02 million cubic meter and 2.92 million cubic meter in maize, between 6.27 million cubic meter and 6.80 million cubic meter in soybean. The optimal surface water allocation was between 516.49 million cubic meter and 536.49 million cubic meter in rice, 1.47 million cubic meter in maize and 2.39 million cubic meter in soybean. The optimized income based on the optimal model was between 7 561.78 and 7 691.06 million yuan, between 345.80 million yuan and 498.05 million yuan in maize, and between 70.89 million yuan and 112.42 million yuan in soybean. Compared to the original income of 7 366.65 million yuan, 301.14 million yuan and 105.69 million yuan, the income after optimization was high. The model provides a reasonable decision-making interval for the decision-makers and provides a technique support for of the rational agricultural water resources allocation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Decision making - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Pollution - Resource allocation - River pollution - Stochastic programming - Stochastic systems - Surface water resources - Surface waters - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological water requirements - Environmental pollutions - Irrigation districts - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Optimal allocation - Water quality pollution - Water resources allocations - Water resources modeling
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 4.00e-01m to 4.50e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m to 5.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20180604758705
Title:Temperature monitoring in cold chain chamber based on temperature sensing RFID labels
Authors:Qian, Jianping (1, 2); Fan, Beilei (1, 2); Zhang, Xiang (1, 3); Du, Xiaowei (1, 2); Sun, Litao (1, 3); Wang, Yizhong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Traceability, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin; 300222, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:282-288
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Temperature is the core of cold chain and its monitoring plays a fundamental role on controlling temperature and reducing energy consumption comfortably. With the development of information and communication technology, the monitoring of cold chain temperature has been developed from single point to multipoint, from wired to wireless, and from delayed to real-time. Compared with the temperature monitoring based on WSN (wireless sensor network), the temperature monitoring based on RFID (radio frequency identification) has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption and high flexibility. For the problem of lack of effective data validation with RFID temperature tags applied in the processing of cold chain logistics temperature monitoring, a cold chain simulation chamber was used for this study. The chamber's wall thickness is 15 cm and the refrigeration unit is fixed at the lower part of a circulating fan with a diameter of about 0.30 m. Twelve boxes of apples were placed in the middle of the chamber to provide a stable source of respiratory heat. Temperature monitoring experiment was designed through deploying 42 temperature sensing RFID tags in the chamber. The chamber space was divided into 3 types of virtual sections, i.e. 7 cross surfaces, 3 longitudinal sections and 2 layers. The experiment was lasting for 69 h from 14:00 on December 7 to 11:00 on December 10 in 2016. It was split into 3 stages according to the temperature's diversification, which were mechanical cooling, cold chain keeping and temperature recovering. Simultaneously, 7 portable temperature recorders were deployed in the sites selected from 42 temperature sensing RFID tags points to record the temperature, and the difference between the 2 temperature monitoring methods was compared. In addition, temperature spatial simulation data with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were compared with the temperature sensing RFID tag data to analyze spatial difference. The recording interval was 4 min. Characteristics of temporal and spatial variation were analyzed through the experiment and using Microsoft Excel 2010 software, CFD simulation software and Fluent 15.0 solver. At each point 1 035 data were collected, and 43 470 RFID tags data for 42 points were collected in the experiment. Seven synchronous data from portable temperature recorders and temperature sensing RFID tags showed that temperature difference between the 2 temperature monitoring methods in the range from -1.0 to -0.5℃ and from -0.5 to +0.5℃ accounted for 24.6% and 43.6% respectively. The result indicates that it is feasible to use RFID tags for temperature monitoring in cold chain processing. Further, temperature monitoring data from 42 RFID tags in the 3 different stages showed that, time consumption in the mechanical cooling stage was less than 1 h, temperature fluctuation in the cold chain keeping stage between 0 to 4℃ was obvious, and time consumption in the temperature recovering stage was about 49 h. Through deeper analysis on the temperature monitoring data of different virtual sections from the mechanical cooling stage and the cold chain keeping stage, the result showed that temperature difference in the initial cooling stage was unstable and spatial distribution in the temperature calm stage was significant. Specially, the feature that the site nearer to the outlet had faster cooling was evident. Taking the average temperature of T2 (No.2 cross surface) and T6 (No.6 cross surface) as an example, the data acquired by temperature sensing RFID tag were compared with CFD simulation data. Except for the interference of measurement precision, RMSE (root-mean-square-error) and ARD (average-relative-deviation) of T2 were 0.73℃ and 13.58%. RMSE and ARD of T6 were 0.56℃ and 10.94%. Spatial consistency was verified. The research result can provide the reference for achieving low cost and continuous temperature monitoring in cold chain logistics. The follow-up studies can be enhanced by improving package design label or the use of high precision sensor, with better application in the whole cold chain of tracking.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Chains - Cold storage - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer aided software engineering - Computer software - Cooling - Digital storage - Energy utilization - Fluid dynamics - Low power electronics - Mean square error - Radio frequency identification (RFID) - Radio waves - Spatial variables measurement - Temperature distribution - Temperature measuring instruments - Temperature sensors - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Cold chain - Information and Communication Technologies - Reducing energy consumption - RMSE (root mean square error) - Temperature fluctuation - Temporal and spatial variation - WSN (wireless sensor network)
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Percentage 4.36e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Time 1.76e+05s, Time 2.40e+02s, Time 2.48e+05s, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20180604758694
Title:Cotton growth statuses investigation and decision support system based on smartphone
Authors:Dai, Jianguo (1, 2); Wang, Shouhui (1, 2); Lai, Junchen (3); Zhao, Qingzhan (2); Ma, Fuyu (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Geospatial Information Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Agriculture Bureau of The Sixth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu; 831300, China; (4) Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:200-206
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Consistent growth status investigation is the most important basis for appropriate measures of cotton production management during cotton growth period, which is very significant for the increase in production. Therefore, the growth status investigation is a routine work of cotton production in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and the work from the end of April to the end of August lasts for 4 months every year. However, the current work is usually a manual survey, the data are recorded on paper, and the investigation process is very time-consuming and the data cannot be easily analyzed, which seriously affect the work efficiency. In the background, we developed the cotton growth status investigation system based on smartphone. The system includes 2 parts: mobile-side and server-side, for 4 kinds of users: agricultural technicians, agronomists, agricultural production managers and system administrators. The agricultural technicians use mobile terminal system in the cotton field to collect both text and picture data which are sent to the server system, while they receive production instructions. The server system is constructed by the REST (representational state transfer) architecture to provide the data management and analysis service interface for the mobile terminal system, and to deploy functional modules such as data processing, production instruction management and system management. Agronomists use the system to get the current cotton growth status and pest information and publish production guidance. The agricultural production managers use the system to allocate investigative tasks, check the implementation of the investigation, publish relevant cultivation or plant protection measures, and give farmers assistance and guidance. The system administrator is responsible for the management of the system's basic data (such as farmland, users and other basic information) to ensure the normal operation of the system. According to user requirements, the system can collect 6 kinds of data: cotton growth status, cotton spider mite, cotton aphid, adult cotton bollworm, cotton bollworm larvae and cotton bollworm eggs. In this article, we concisely introduced the advantages and practical feasibilities of cotton growth investigation by smartphone, and the design and implement methods of the investigation system are introduced based on android platform. We analyzed the main functions of server-side, and introduced the system design and development based on.net platform. We also presented the investigation criteria and methods for the 6 kinds of data. The system has been used in the 105th Group of the 6th Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for 3 years, and the application experience showed that cotton production information could be quickly collected by the investigation system, and all of the data could be easily analyzed and displayed by field map and statistical analysis charts. The system can be easily extended to other areas of data surveys, such as forestry and animal husbandry.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Artificial intelligence - Computer terminals - Cotton - Crops - Cultivation - Data handling - Decision support systems - Growth (materials) - Industrial management - Interface states - Managers - Mobile phones - Mobile telecommunication systems - Monitoring - Smartphones - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural production management - Agricultural productions - Application experiences - Expert decision - Investigation process - Representational state transfer - System administrators - System design and development
Classification code:718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 912.4 Personnel - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 932 High Energy Physics; Nuclear Physics; Plasma Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+00yr, Age 3.33e-01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20180604758695
Title:Extraction of planting areas of main crops based on Fourier transformed characteristics of time series leaf area index products
Authors:Wang, Pengxin (1, 2); Xun, Lan (1, 2); Li, Li (1, 2); Xie, Yi (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Li(lilixch@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:207-215
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop identification is a basis of crop monitoring using remote sense data. Crop acreage is essential information for food security, land management and trade decisions. In this paper, the north of the Yellow River in North China Plain was chosen as the study area, where the main crops are winter wheat, maize, and cotton. The 4-day composite MODIS time series leaf area index (LAI) data with a spatial resolution of 1 km were collected yearly for the identification of different crops in the study area. In order to obtain the distribution of crops, we used 92 phases of MODIS LAI images yearly from 2014 to 2016. To avoid the edge effect of the time series LAI caused by data processing, including Savitzky-Golay filter and the second-order differential methods, the last 2 phases of LAI images in last year and the first 2 phases of LAI images in next year were added to build the time series LAI of a year. And time series LAI of each year was analyzed respectively. Then Savitzky-Golay filter was used to denoise and reconstruct time series LAI curves. The results showed that the Savitzky-Golay filter can remove the influence of factors such as cloud, atmosphere, and so on, and the reconstructed time series LAI curves were smooth and consistent with the crop growth and development characteristics. The Fourier transform provides a new representation of the time series images, which allows analysis of the crop phenology using the amplitudes and phases of the most important periodic components. In this study, the first-order differential method was employed to study the crop planting patterns in the study area by acquiring the number of peaks of the LAI curves, and the fields of one crop a year and two crops a year were extracted. The Fourier transform method based on Savitzky-Golay filtered LAI was further employed to extract the key parameters, such as the amplitudes and phases of the time series LAI. The 11 parameters, including the amplitudes of 0-5 terms and the phases of 1-5 order were used to build a multiband image. As the phenology parameters of different crops had their own characteristics, the amplitudes and phases of LAI curves from different crops varied. Therefore, combined with the minimum distance method, the fields of winter wheat, maize and cotton were extracted respectively. The distinctive feature for identifying winter wheat-summer maize was its 2 wave peaks, and the 1st and the 3rd amplitudes were larger than other amplitudes, which reflected the seasonal variation characteristics of the time series LAI. The cycle of the 1st harmonic was the entire length of time series, which reflected the overall situation of crop growth yearly, and the 3rd harmonic reflected the full-year growth process of the crops. The numbers of peaks for spring maize, summer maize and cotton were 1. Due to that the LAI for maize was generally greater than cotton, and the mean values of the LAI curves for spring maize and summer maize were greater than cotton's, the 0 level amplitudes of spring maize and summer maize were larger than cotton's. The peak of LAI curves for spring maize occurred earlier than cotton's and summer maize's, so the 1st phase of spring maize LAI was larger than cotton's and summer maize's. With these features, the fields of spring maize, summer maize and cotton were extracted from the fields of one crop a year, and the fields of winter wheat - summer maize were extracted from the fields of two crops a year. In addition, the same methods above were employed to extract the fields of crops in the study area in 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. At last the identification precision of different crops was validated by combining Google Earth and the phenology characteristics of time series LAI curves. The validation results showed that the overall identification accuracies were greater than 80.00% during these 3 years. And the overall identification accuracy reached 87.08% with Kappa coefficient of 0.85 in 2015, and the user accuracies for individual crop were as follows: winter wheat - summer maize, 92.50%; spring maize, 80.00%; summer maize, 92.50%; and cotton, 85.00%. In conclusion, the first-order differential method can be applied to extract the planting areas of one crop a year and two crops a year accurately. By combining the Fourier transform method with the crop phenology parameters, the planting areas of different crops can be identified effectively, and the approaches in this study are feasible for accurately extracting the main crops distribution information of the study area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Biology - Cotton - Data handling - Extraction - Food supply - Forestry - Fourier series - Fourier transforms - Information dissemination - Landforms - Plants (botany) - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Signal filtering and prediction - Time series - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Area - Crop growth and development - First-order differentials - Fourier transform method - Identification precision - Leaf Area Index - North China Plain - Savitzky-Golay filter
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 481.1 Geology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-02yr, Age 3.00e+00yr, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 8.71e+01%, Size 1.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20180604758680
Title:Theoretical model and verification of hydraulic characteristics of air lift pump under different air injection methods
Authors:Zuo, Juanli (1); Li, Fengchao (1); Guo, Pengcheng (1); Sun, Shuaihui (1); Luo, Xingqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Labortory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Pengcheng(guoyicheng@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:85-91
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Air lift pump is widely applied in oil and ore exploitation, due to its simple structure, high practicability and other prominent advantages. However, the pump is not fully applied because of its low efficiency. To investigate the lift performance of air-lift pump intensively, a theoretical analysis was carried out to and a theoretical model of air-lift for different inlet methods was established in present paper. At the same time, to test the theoretical model and better understand its operating principle, in this paper, the performance of air lift pump was investigated by changing air inlet area and pore distribution pattern in the air lift pump facility. In the experiment, the air, supplied from air compressor, was injected into the riser pipe by nozzle, in order to drive the liquid to move upward in the pipe. Air and water were separated from the gas-liquid separation tank in the top of the riser pipe, and the separated water dropped into the water measuring tank (bucket). In the experimental test, stopwatch recorded the working time of air lift pump, and electronic scale weighed the water from the bucket. The air nozzle selected 3 kinds of injection areas, i.e. 25, 50 and 100 mm<sup>2</sup>, and for each injection area, 3 injection methods were adopted. Various submergence ratios (0.4-0.9) were investigated, while the range of the air flow rate was from 0 to 16.0 m<sup>3</sup>/h. For each air injection method and submergence ratio, the air flow rate varied, the corresponding flow rate of water was measured, and the promoting efficiency was calculated. We used high-speed camera to capture the flow regime in the tube to deeply discuss the relationship between air lift capacity and the two-phase flow characteristics. By analyzing the experimental data, the results are obtained as follows: Firstly, for the air injection method of 7 mm square nozzle, with the increase of air flow rate, the fluid flow rate of pump increases quickly, and then rises slowly, and the efficiency of pump goes up rapidly to the peak, and then decreases continuously. With the submergence ratio increasing, the peak of promoting efficiency becomes bigger, and the corresponding air flow rate is smaller. Secondly, for the submergence ratio of 0.5, when the air injection area is 25 mm<sup>2</sup>, the liquid volume flow rate is significantly higher than other areas of nozzle. For the different air injection areas, the smaller area will cause higher pipeline pressure, which helps to lift liquid but decrease promoting efficiency of pump. For the same air injection area, there is little difference in the pump performance with different pore distribution patterns. Thirdly, in the gas-liquid two-phase flow of riser pipe, we observe 4 kinds of flow patterns, i.e. bubbly, slug, churning, and annular flow. In the bubbly and slug flow, there is little noise in the experiment, but in the churning and annular flow, the noise increases gradually. Near the slug flow, the promoting efficiency reaches the highest point, and the stability is good. In the annular flow, the promoting efficiency reaches the lowest point, and the stability is bad. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the theoretical values, while the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical analysis results in present paper, and the model could predict the liquid flow rate of air-lift pump better in a certain range. Near the slug flow, the theoretical model preferably predicts the performance characteristics of air lift pump, and the calculation results have a good agreement with experimental results. In the other flow patterns, the experimental data and the simulation results have some deviation. The cause is that the theoretical model adopts the slip ration formula of Griffith and Wallis, which is only suitable for the slug flow. In the follow-up work, the theoretical model should be improved. In a word, this study provides an important reference for deeply understanding the performance characteristics of air lift pump.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Air - Compressed air - Digital storage - Drilling platforms - Efficiency - Electronic scales - Experiments - Flow of fluids - Flow patterns - Flow rate - High speed cameras - Liquids - Models - Nozzles - Pumps - Scales (weighing instruments) - Tanks (containers) - Water injection
Uncontrolled terms:Air-lift pumps - Gas - liquid two-phase flows - Gas-liquid separation - Hydraulic characteristic - Injection method - Operating principles - Performance characteristics - Theoretical modeling
Classification code:511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 618.2 Pumps - 619.2 Tanks - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.00e-04m2, Area 2.50e-05m2, Area 5.00e-05m2, Size 7.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20180604758682
Title:Prediction of trees diameter at breast height based on unmanned aerial vehicle image analysis
Authors:Liu, Wenping (1); Zhong, Tingyu (1); Song, Yining (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:99-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The diameter of tree at breast height (DTBH) is an important parameter in the evaluation of forestry assets. The traditional method of obtaining the DTBH requires the field survey by the forest workers. To explore the feasibility of the image analysis technique in the evaluation of forestry assets, this article proposes a new approach to predict the DTBH based on the remote sensing imaging technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Tree species used in our experiments include Ginkgo biloba L. and Platanus orientalis Linn. which are from Tancheng District, Linyi City, Shandong Province, China. In the past few years, many studies have shown a high correlation between the DTBH and the crown diameter of tree. This paper explores the correlation between the tree crown region in the image and estimated DTBH. First, the tree crowns in the image are segmented using a Type-2 fuzzy c-means algorithm. Then, the actual area of tree crown (AATC) is calculated from the segmented image. Finally, the correlation between the AATC and measured DTBH can be established. The detail steps of this method are described as follows: 1) The individual tree crown is segmented from the ortho images taken by the UAV using a Type-2 fuzzy c-means algorithm in order to obtain the pixel area (pixel number) of tree crown (PATC) in the image. 2) A white flag with the size of 2.88 m × 1.92 m or 30 cm × 40 cm is used in our study. The ratio of the pixel area in ortho image to the actual area of the flag is calculated. Based on this ratio and the segmented PATC, the AATC is uniform for different flight height. 3) Multiple trees are chosen as training samples, and their measured DTBH is used to derive the correlation function between the AATC and DTBH. 4) The above correlation function is used to calculate the DTBH of the other trees for the validation, and the estimated DTBH and actually measured DTBH are compared to obtain the DTBH error. All of them are less than 1 cm which is the forestry standard. In this study, we model a small area of the forest. The reason to choose a small area is that a huge forest with different landscapes or tree ages will have an impact on deriving a precise correlation function. Hence, a small forest area of 20 m × 20 m is selected as a sample site to establish the correlation function between the tree crown area and the measured DTBH by using multiple tree samples. The DTBH in the other areas of the forest with the same tree species can then be predicted according to this correlation function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective. Based on our preliminary experiments, the average error between the actually measured and calculated DTBH of Ginkgo biloba L. with 1.2 m height is 0.31 cm, and 0.27 cm for Platanus orientalis Linn. with 1 m height. Both errors are less than 1 cm which is acceptable by the forestry standard. This automatic measurement method has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, and low cost. The proposed method can be generalized to other species in the forestry. At the same time, this new method provides an intelligent exploration method and informative way for the forest asset evaluation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Clustering algorithms - Copying - Errors - Forecasting - Function evaluation - Fuzzy clustering - Fuzzy systems - Image analysis - Imaging techniques - Medical imaging - Pixels - Remote sensing - Timber - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic measurement methods - Breast height - Crown area - Diameter-at-breast heights - Image analysis techniques - Intelligent exploration - Remote sensing imaging - Type-2 FCM
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 745.2 Reproduction, Copying - 746 Imaging Techniques - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.92e+00m, Size 2.00e+01m, Size 2.70e-03m, Size 3.10e-03m, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20180604758676
Title:Influence of working order on working quality and power consumption of subsoiling and rotary tillage combined machine
Authors:Zheng, Kan (1); He, Jin (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Chen, Liqing (2); Hu, Hongnan (1); Liu, Wenzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:He, Jin(hejin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:52-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Subsoiling and rotary tillage combined cultivator is one of the most important tillage machines in China. In our study, discrete element method (DEM) simulation and field tests were conducted to analyze the influence of the sequence of rotary tillage and subsoiling operations on the combined operation process and power consumption, and a subsoiling and rotary tillage combined cultivator was selected as the test machine, which is commonly used in loam soil region in North China Plain. DEM simulation showed that soil movement was different between subsoiling - rotary tillage and rotary tillage - subsoiling operation under the same operating depth. To be specific, the working process of subsoiling - rotary tillage operation is subsoiling loosens the soil, and rotary tillage breaks the loose soil, while the working process of rotary tillage - subsoiling operation is rotary tillage breaks the soil, and subsoiling loosens the soil, which indicated that the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation is more compact. The initial state of the surface soil layer is different under the two operations during the work of the subsoiling and rotary tillage component. And the subsoiling - rotary tillage operation dealt with more deep soil layer than the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation when the working depth increased. The force on the rotor under the two different operations was measured. D1 is the rotary blade behind subsoiler in subsoiling-rotary operation; D2 is the rotary blade adjacent to D1; Under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation, the average horizontal resistance on blade D1 and D2 is 44.6 and 13.3 N, and the average vertical resistance is 29.7 and 16.3 N, respectively. The great difference on the force showed that the force on the rotor is uneven. Under rotary tillage - subsoiling operation, the average horizontal resistance on blade D3 and D4 is 86.7 and 87.6 N, and the average vertical resistance is 55.3 and 56.8 N, respectively. D3 and D4 are the rotary blade at the same location as D1 and D2 in rotary-subsoiling operation. The small difference on the force showed that the force on the rotor was even. Many experiments were conducted to build regression equation by using rotary tillage depth (8-20 cm) and subsoiling depth (25-45 cm) as the influence factors and energy consumption under 2 sequences of two operations as the evaluation indices. The results showed that the energy consumption under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation (13.90 kW) was less than that under the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation (17.98 kW) when the rotary tillage depth was 10 cm and subsoiling depth was 25 cm; the superior surface flatness under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation (15.42 mm) was better than that under the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation (23.87 mm); the vegetation cover rate under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation (84.10%) was also better than that under the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation (78.14%); the soil fluffy degree under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation (11.17%) was similar to that under the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation (10.33%). When the rotary tillage depth was 20 cm and subsoiling depth was 45 cm, the energy consumption under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation was 9.35 kW higher than that under the rotary tillage - subsoiling operation; the superior surface flatness, vegetation cover rate and soil fluffy degree under subsoiling - rotary tillage operation and rotary tillage - subsoiling operation were 2.33 mm, 19.97%, 96.74% and 2.95 mm, 20.24%, 97.28%, respectively, which showed little difference between these 2 operations. According to the results comparison between field tests and simulation analysis, the simulation for the working process of 2 operation sequences, as well as the regression model of the power consumption was able to reflect the practical field operation. The vibration acceleration of the machine under rotary tillage - subsoiling operation was lower than that under the subsoiling - rotary tillage operation, which indicated that the force on the rotor was even under rotary tillage - subsoiling operation. This study can provide a further direction for the optimization of subsoiling and rotary tillage combined cultivator in loam soil region in North China Plain.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer simulation - Cultivation - Electric power utilization - Energy utilization - Finite difference method - Machinery - Mechanization - Models - Regression analysis - Soils - Turbomachine blades - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Combination process - Combined operations - Horizontal resistance - Rotary tillages - Simulation analysis - Subsoling - Surface soil layers - Vibration acceleration
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.33e+01N, Force 1.63e+01N, Force 2.97e+01N, Force 4.46e+01N, Force 5.53e+01N, Force 5.68e+01N, Force 8.67e+01N, Force 8.76e+01N, Percentage 1.03e+01%, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+01%, Percentage 7.81e+01%, Percentage 8.41e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Power 1.39e+04W, Power 1.80e+04W, Power 9.35e+03W, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.54e-02m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.33e-03m, Size 2.39e-02m, Size 2.50e-01m to 4.50e-01m, Size 2.95e-03m, Size 4.50e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20180604758672
Title:Structure operation parameter optimization for elastic steel pole oscillating screen of semi-feeding four rows peanut combine harvester
Authors:Wang, Bing (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Peng, Baoliang (1); Zhang, Yanhua (1); Gu, Fengwei (1); Shi, Lili (1); Gao, Xuemei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(zchu369@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:20-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:4HLB-4 type semi-feeding four-row peanut combine harvester gets 2 ridges (4 rows) at one time, whose productive efficiency is 2 times more than the existing semi-feeding two-row peanut combine harvester. Bar strip screen, woven screen and perforated screen and other traditional screens are widely used in semi-feeding peanut combine harvesting, but in practice, it is found that the traditional screens can not meet the demand of changeable soil moisture content and the requirement of high efficiency. In the application of semi-feeding four-row peanut combine harvester, there are many problems such as high percentages of impurities and loss, and debris blockage. In order to overcome the above difficulties, a stacked elastic steel pole oscillating screen was designed in this paper, and it can transfer dynamic load to the elastic steel pole to motivate elastic vibration of itself, which has a very good breaking and flipping effect on the mixture of peanut and varia on the screen surface and is good for screening operation and improves screening quality and speed effectively. In this paper, the percentages of impurities and loss were taken as the evaluation indices, and the contrast tests for 3 kinds of traditional screens (bar strip screen, woven screen and perforated screen) and elastic steel pole oscillating screen were carried out when the operating speed was 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m/s respectively. The test results showed that cleaning effect of elastic steel pole oscillating screen was better than the other 3 traditional screens in 3 operation speeds. Based on the single factor experiment, vibration frequency of elastic pole screen, diameter of elastic pole, altitude of elastic pole screen, mounting angle were selected as influencing factors. The four-factor three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test was carried out by using Box-Benhnken central composite test method. Two polynomial regression models about percentage of impurities and percentage of loss v.s. the 4 variables including vibration frequency of elastic pole screen, diameter of elastic pole, altitude of elastic pole screen, and mounting angle were established. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the influence of various factors on percentages of impurities and loss, and the influence factors were optimized. The experimental results showed that different factors and their interactions had different influence on the measured indices. The significant sequence for percentage of impurities was vibration frequency of elastic pole screen > diameter of elastic pole > altitude of elastic pole screen > mounting angle. The significant sequence for percentage of loss was altitude of elastic pole screen > mounting angle > vibration frequency of elastic pole screen > diameter of elastic pole. In order to find the best combination of parameters, the minimum percentages of impurities and loss were taken as optimization targets, a research on parameter optimization of the screen was carried out, and the constraint condition of objective function and parameter variable was established. The optimal parameter combination of vibration frequency of elastic pole screen of 6 Hz, diameter of elastic pole of 3 mm, altitude of elastic pole screen of 7 mm and mounting angle of 2.8° was obtained using optimization module of Design-Expert data analysis software. Field experiments were carried out with the above optimized parameters, and the percentage of impurities was 2.41% and the percentage of loss was 0.711%. The relative errors of each evaluation index and its theoretical optimization value were less than 5%. The research results can provide references for the perfect design and operation parameter optimization of 4HLB-4 type semi-feeding four-row peanut combine harvester and cleaning component.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Poles
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cleaning - Crops - Dynamic loads - Efficiency - Feeding - Harvesters - Mountings - Oilseeds - Optimization - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Structural optimization - Testing - Vibration analysis - Weaving
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Optimal parameter combinations - Peanut - Polynomial regression models - Productive efficiencies - Response surface methodology - Single-factor experiments - Steel poles
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 6.00e+00Hz, Percentage 2.41e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.11e-01%, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 7.00e-03m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20180604758691
Title:Parameter calibration of soil particles contact model of farmland soil in northwest arid region based on discrete element method
Authors:Shi, Linrong (1); Zhao, Wuyun (1); Sun, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Wuyun(zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:181-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve simulation distortion problems of soil resistance and dynamic movement with discrete element method, the hysteretic spring contact model (HSCM) and the liner cohesion model (LCM) were used to simulate farmland soils in order to investigate their soil plasticity behavior and dynamics, which could be used for predicting the resistance of farm tools. To achieve better simulation results, soil basic physical parameters, contact mechanical parameters and contact model parameters of HSCM and LCM were needed. Soil basic physical parameters included particle size distribution, soil particle density, elasticity modulus, shear modulus, poisson's ratio and bulk density. Among them, the elasticity modulus was obtained by the related literature. Soil contact mechanical parameters included cohesion between soil particles formed due to the action of the water liquid bridge, cohesive strength and internal friction angle obtained from soil shear test with 6 kinds of different soil moisture. Contact model parameters were composed of coefficient of restitution, static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient. The soil particles were 5 mm so that the simulation time could be shortened. Because soil simulation particles were larger than actual ones, additionally in order to achieve better simulation results, a simulation model of soil contact parameter prediction model was established according to central experimental design method (Box-Behnken) used for a comprehensive analysis of fewer trial times. Taking static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient and shear strength as test factors, and soil accumulation angle as response value, 17 sets of simulation tests were carried out according to response surface method test arrangement. The results showed that the influence of static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient and the interaction between dynamic friction coefficient and cohesion strength on repose angle were significant. Interaction between static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient, quadratic term of static friction coefficient had a significant effect on repose angle. Taking repose angle of soil with moisture of 1%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% as the response value, fixing the cohesion strength, we predicted the static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient using the established regression model. Then, the results were validated by soil shear test. The results showed that the relative error of shear strength was 1.18%-9.31%, and the relative error of internal friction angle was 0.55%-4.07%. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed soil contact model, a test by using duckbill opening hole test device in soil was carried out and the results showed that when the displacement was 0-50 mm the deviation of simulation and test was big. But when the displacemtn was 50 mm, the relative error was 0.928%, which could be used for design of duckbill structure in the future.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Agricultural implements - Calibration - Deformation - Design of experiments - Dynamics - Elastic moduli - Elasticity - End effectors - Errors - Farms - Finite difference method - Friction - Internal friction - Moisture - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Plasticity testing - Poisson distribution - Regression analysis - Shear strength - Soils - Stiction - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of restitution - Dynamic friction coefficient - Experimental design method - Friction coefficients - Internal friction angle - Parameters - Response surface method - Static friction coefficient
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.5 Robotics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.18e+00% to 9.31e+00%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.50e-01% to 4.07e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.28e-01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20180604758687
Title:Optimal drip irrigation and fertilization amount enhancing root growth and yield of spring maize in Hexi region of China
Authors:Zou, Haiyang (1, 2); Zhang, Fucang (1, 2); Zhang, Yuxin (1, 2); Chen, Dongfeng (1, 2); Lu, Junsheng (1, 2); Zheng, Jing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fucang(zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:145-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water and fertilizer are generally 2 of the most important factors in determining the spring maize productivity and yield. In view of the problems of the shortage of water resources and the low efficiency of water and fertilizer use in Hexi area of China, 2-year experiments (2015 and 2016) were conducted to evaluate effects of different water and fertilizer supplies on root growth and yield of spring maize under fertigation. The test site was Shiyanghe Experimental Station of China Agricultural University located in Wuwei District, Gansu Province, Northwest China (37°52'N, 102°50'E; 1 581 m a.s.l.). Using 'Qiangsheng 51' as the test cultivar, the field experiment was subjected to 4 water supply levels, 60%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>60</inf>), 75%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>75</inf>), 90%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>90</inf>) and 105%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>105</inf>) in 2015, and 60%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>60</inf>), 80%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>80</inf>), 100%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>100</inf>) and 120%ET<inf>c</inf>(I<inf>120</inf>) in 2016, in interaction with 4 fertilization levels that based on different ratios of N-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>-K<inf>2</inf>O, i.e 60-30-30 (F<inf>60</inf>), 120-60-60(F<inf>120</inf>), 180-90-90 (F<inf>180</inf>) and 240-120-120 (F<inf>240</inf>) kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. ET<inf>c</inf>was the average annual crop evapotranspiration. There were 16 treatments in total. Root growth characteristics such as root length, root surface area, root biomass, root volume, and root length density were measured during the maize growing season. Aboveground biomass, yield and yield components were counted after the final harvest. The results showed that the root length, root surface area, root biomass and root volume under 105%ET<inf>c</inf>(2015) and 100%ET<inf>c</inf>(2016) coupled with 180-90-90 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>treatment were greater compared to the others treatments. The irrigation amount during the whole growth stage had a significant effect on the root growth near the drip tape side, at the plant base and far from the drip tape side. With the growth of plants in the 4 irrigation treatments during the 2 years, the root length density at different locations increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the grain filling stage. The roots were mainly distributed in the 0-80 cm soil layer and the 0-100 cm soil layer at the 6 collars stage and after the 12 collars stage. In the 2016 F<inf>180</inf>treatment, the total root length during the 12 collars stage to the filling stage compared to the 6 collars to 12 collars stage increased by 1.8 and 1.1 percent points in the I<inf>100</inf>and I<inf>120</inf>treatments, respectively. However, the corresponding values in the I<inf>60</inf>and I<inf>80</inf>treatments decreased by 6.6 and 3.8 percent points, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between root characteristics with yield and aboveground biomass of each growth stage showed filling stage > 12 collars stage> maturity stage> 6 collars stage. From the perspective of water and fertilizer supply, it is the most important to ensure supply of water and fertilizer from the 12 collars stage to the filling stage, followed by stage from 6 collars to 12 collars, great potential of saving water and fertilizer may be at the stage from seeding to 6 collars stage. I<inf>100</inf>F<inf>180</inf>harvested the highest yield (18 269 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). I<inf>90</inf>F<inf>180</inf>treatment output was not significantly lower than the highest yield, while it saved irrigation water. Considering the water shortage condition in Hexi region of China, and high efficient use of water and fertilizer, 90%ET<inf>c</inf>-100%ET<inf>c</inf>combined with 180-90-90 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(N-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>-K<inf>2</inf>O) was suggested to be optimal for spring maize production under fertigation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Iodine compounds
Controlled terms:Biomass - Ecology - Fertilizers - Filling - Forestry - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Irrigation - Soils - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Above ground biomass - Correlation coefficient - Crop evapotranspiration - Hexi region - Irrigation treatments - Roots - Saving water and fertilizers - Spring maize
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.80e+00%, Percentage 3.80e+00%, Percentage 6.60e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20180604758707
Title:Optimization of sterilization process of retort pouch tofu cake based on CFD numerical simulation
Authors:Wang, Lei (1); Deng, Li (1); Li, Huichao (1); Peng, Jing (1); He, Congying (1); Xu, Jia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Li(denglifood@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:298-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Canning technique is a matured method for long term storage. This method is often used to kill microorganisms and spores by thermal process. Thus, the canned food is widely accepted all over the world. Thermal sterilization is a process used for sealed packaging food, which requires heat and time in order to reduce the number of microorganisms to a specified quantity range. In order to guarantee the safety of canned food during the long-term storage, excessive sterilization is frequently-used in the production process. Consequently, the quality loss of canned food is very serious. Therefore, the optimization of sterilization for canned food is considered as a major research subject in food science field. Compared with the traditional constant retort temperature (CRT), the recently appeared variable retort temperature (VRT) technique is recommended as an effective method to decrease the loss of food quality. It is attributed to the fact that the VRT sterilization procession can be used to slowly decrease the temperature to the slowest heating point. In this case, the serious quality loss caused by partial overheating can be effectively reduced. Gradient heating-up, an important variable retort temperature method, is widely studied in the world in recent years, which is also the main focus of our optimization method in this work. Retort pouch food is the mainstream type in the canning market owning to its various advantages, such as high heat transfer efficiency, light quality, low cost, and so on. However, the excessive sterilization problem is inevitable for the retort pouch food, because its sterilization technique is as same as the conventional canned food. The tofu cake, a traditional Chinese food, was selected as the object of sterilization in this study. The taste and color of tofu cake usually suffered from the problems of over-soft and excessive-dim after sterilization. Therefore, the gradient heating-up method was employed to optimize the sterilization process for the tofu cake. The specific research steps were as follows: (1) a mathematical model of tofu cake was established based on the unsteady solid heat transfer model, which included the determination of the heat transfer equation, the acquisition of thermo physical parameters, the convective temperature function of retort at each stage, and the calculation of convective heat transfer coefficient; (2) the finite element analysis was carried out using computation fluid dynamic (CFD) software. In this way, the temperature history of all nodes during the sterilization process of tofu cake was obtained on the basis of the establishment of geometric model, mesh generation, boundary loading, and various treatments; (3) the calculation of kinetics parameters and the screening of gradient heating-up modes. The sterilization value, a kinetic parameter which represented the bactericidal effect, was used as the constraint condition. The objective function included the surface cooking values and volume average cooking values at the same time. These functions were regarded as the limit of damage extent of food quality. Subsequently, a series of gradient heating-up modes were set up and numerically simulated. After that, the appropriate gradient heating-up modes were selected to meet the restrictive conditions. The cooking values were significantly decreased compared with the original sterilization method (CRT, 30 min/116℃); (4) the actual sterilization data were collected according to the optimum mode obtained in the third step. The analyzed and compared kinetic parameters were as same as the last one step, and the combined pressure limit of retort in the actual production was measured by the same method. Thus, an optimum gradient heating program was achieved. The gradient heating-up method were successfully used to optimize the retort process for the tofu cake in the current study. And the optimum conditions were as follows: first, temperature was heated up to 100℃and then maintained for 20 min; second, temperature was up to 120℃ and then maintained 15min. The results showed that this method could be used to ensure that the sterilization value was higher than 3 min, while the quality deterioration parameters surface cooking values and volume average cooking values were around 10.1% and 8.69%, which were significantly lower than the original sterilization process. Furthermore, the L-value, a-value, and b-value provided by the colorimeter and the actual photographs confirmed that the sterilization process could maintain the nature color of dried beans in a better way. Moreover, the taste of the quality maintenance was greatly improved because of the improved moisture content, shear, hardness, cohesion, and other related indicators. Besides, the gradient heating-up method could satisfy the long-term stable operation of sterilization kettles and met the safety limits of related industrial sterilization equipment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Canning - Color - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Cooking - Digital storage - Fluid dynamics - Food safety - Food storage - Functions - Heat convection - Heat transfer - Heat transfer coefficients - Heating - Kinetic parameters - Kinetics - Mesh generation - Microorganisms - Numerical models - Optimization - Packing - Sterilization (cleaning)
Uncontrolled terms:CFD numerical simulations - Computation fluid dynamics - Convective heat transfer Coefficient - Heat transfer equations - Heating up - Sterilization techniques - Thermo-physical parameters - Tofu cake
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9 Biology - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 822 Food Technology - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 8.69e+00%, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 9.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20180604758674
Title:Structural optimization of grooved-roller seed metering device for Pennisetum and simulation and experiment of seed metering dynamics
Authors:Zheng, Shuhe (1); Lin, Changshan (1); Ye, Dapeng (1); Liu, Bin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fuzhou; 350002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:36-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A new grooved-roller seed metering device is developed to overcome the breakage of seedling, obtain high sowing rate and raise seeding efficiency in present, and exercise the optimal design. Firstly, this paper introduces the main structure, the working principle and the related structural parameters of the device in detail. Seed metering device is a key component to realize mechanized cultivation of Pennisetum, which is divided into 2 types according to its working principle. One type is real-time cutting seed metering device and the other type is pre-cut seed metering device. Compared with real-time cutting metering device, pre-cut seed metering device has the advantages of high automation, no damage to seed and lower labor intensity, so it shows a good market prospect and is the main trend of the future development of the metering device. The grooved-roller seed metering device is one of pre-cut seed metering devices. In terms of the stem stress state of seeding process, the evaluation function of seeding smoothness with force angle of the stem as the target was derived. According to the function, opening width of the seed groove and depth of the seed groove were the main impact factors of the improved device's seeding performance. Based on the compressive strength of the stem, the best size of seeding slot was deduced as 20 mm × 20 mm finally. The different morphology and difference of seed diameters are the main influence factors of the problem, and those are easy to cause the bud break. The smoothness and accuracy of seeding were improved by adding the elastic dunnages on the groove of the seeding drum. According to the evaluation function of seeding smoothness, the structure size of the dunnages was optimized as the side gasket thickness of 4 mm and the bottom gasket thickness of 8 mm. In order to study the effect of dunnages on the fluency, the model of grooved-roller seed metering device of the Pennisetum was established by using the dynamic simulation software ADAMS (automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems). The effect regularities of structural parameters and motion parameters on seed groove and dunnages were studied. The simulations showed that the new seed metering device could realize the orderly discharge of seeds, and obviously reduce the stress of small-diameter seed by using the plastic dunnages, ensuring the seed row stability and the adaptability of seed diameter. Then the real tests in the laboratory and field were undertaken to verify the conclusions of virtual tests. Bench test results showed that the gasket could improve the flow degree of the seed row to a certain extent, in which the roller speed fluctuation ratio was less than 10%, the roller torque fluctuation ratio was less than 400%, and the seeding rhythm fluctuation ratio was about 20%. The research further indicated that the quality of the seeding was not affected by the roller speed, and sometimes the faster speed would slightly improve the fluidity of the seeding. Because when the roller speed was faster, the time the stem entered the entry took shorter, which reduced the resistance of the seed row to a certain extent. The results indicated that the seed metering device can realize the seeding operation and the dunnages can effectively improve the seeding fluency. Field experiment indicated that the seeder was stable, and the qualified index was greater than 93.33%, the missing index was less than 4.1%, the multiple index was less than 2.5%, and the variance coefficient was13.63%. The indicators were in line with the planting requirements of giant grass. The research provides a theoretical reference for the design of grooved-roller seed metering device of Pennisetum and the technical reference for the related design of planting machine.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Compressive strength - Computer simulation - Computer software - Cultivation - Design - Dynamic mechanical analysis - Experiments - Function evaluation - Gaskets - Machine design - Optimization - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Rollers (machine components) - Structural optimization - Virtual reality
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems - Evaluation function - Pennisetum - Seed metering devices - Seeding efficiency - Seeding performance - Simulation software - Structural parameter
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 619.1.1 Pipe Accessories - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+02%, Percentage 4.10e+00%, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20180604758698
Title:Re-utilization of furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags by multi-production gasification technology
Authors:Cheng, Liang (1); Zhou, Jianbin (1, 2); Zhang, Yimeng (2); Tian, Lin (1); Ma, Huanhuan (2); Song, Jianzhong (1); Zhang, Qisheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China; (2) Research Center of Biomass Gasification and Liquidation Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Jianbin(13705178820@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:231-236
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags are the wastes from utilized lignocellulosic agricultural/ forestry residues. There were 240-300 million tons of furfural residues and 1500 million tons of wasted mushroom inoculation bags generated in China every year, but they were not disposed well and caused environmental problems. In order to reuse these wasted biomasses thoroughly and cleanly, the multi-production gasification technology was adopted in this study to convert furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags into bio-carbon and bio-based combustion gas. The component properties of furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags as well as their products (bio-carbon and bio-based combustion gas) were also analyzed, correspondingly. Compared to the wasted mushroom inoculation bags (11.14%), the ash content of furfural residues was lower (8.75%). The volatile content of furfural residues (66.05%) was lower than wasted mushroom inoculation bags (68.37%), whereas the fixed carbon content of furfural residues (25.21%) was higher than wasted mushroom inoculation bags (20.50%). The C content of furfural residues was 53.04% which was higher than the wasted mushroom inoculation bags (42.55%), whereas the contents of H (1.71%), O (35.14%), N (0.62%) and S (0.73%) of furfural residues were all lower than wasted mushroom inoculation bags (2.61%, 40.72%, 1.34% and 0.86%, respectively.) The heating value of furfural residue was 20.87 MJ/kg, higher than wasted mushroom inoculation bags (18.01 MJ/kg). From thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) shoulder peak caused by hemicellulose disappeared for furfural residues, and its maximum weight loss rate was higher but total weight loss was lower than wasted mushroom inoculation bags. The bio-carbon yields of furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags were 29.99% and 22.26%, respectively. Considering that the ignition and shutdown process of the gasifier will lead to an excessive gasification and consumption of the bio-carbon, and the feeding amount of the materials in this study was limited, the yield of the bio-carbon and bio-based combustion gas will be higher in continuous industrial production process. The ash and volatile contents of the bio-carbon generated from furfural residues were 22.49% and 5.56%, respectively, significantly lower than that from the wasted mushroom inoculation bags (47.04% and 10.94%), whereas the fixed carbon content of bio-carbon generated from furfural residues was much higher (70.73%) than that from the wasted mushroom inoculation bags (42.02%). For the elements, only N content of the bio-carbon generated from furfural residues (0.57%) was lower than that from wasted mushroom inoculation bags (1.07%). The heating values of the bio-carbon generated from furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags were 26.18 and 20.09 MJ/kg, and their specific surface areas were 253.58 and 189.08 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively. Compared to bio-carbon generated from rice straw, cotton stalk and corn stalk, the furfural residue bio-carbon has good potential to be used as the raw material for the activated carbon production, whereas the bio-carbon from wasted mushroom inoculation bags can be good material to produce carbon-based fertilizer. The bio-based combustion gas yields of furfural residues and wasted mushroom inoculation bags were 2.49 and 2.25 m<sup>3</sup>/kg, respectively, and their heating values were 4.86 and 4.92 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Aldehydes
Controlled terms:Activated carbon - Biomass - Combustion - Fueling - Furfural - Gases - Gasification - Ignition - Pulverized fuel - Thermogravimetric analysis - Waste incineration
Uncontrolled terms:Activated carbon production - Combustion gas - Differential thermogravimetric - Environmental problems - Furfural residues - Gasification technologies - Industrial production - Wasted mushroom inoculation bag
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 524 Solid Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.07e+00%, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+00%, Percentage 1.71e+00%, Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 2.23e+01%, Percentage 2.25e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 2.61e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.51e+01%, Percentage 4.07e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 4.25e+01%, Percentage 4.70e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.56e+00%, Percentage 5.70e-01%, Percentage 6.20e-01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Percentage 6.84e+01%, Percentage 7.07e+01%, Percentage 7.30e-01%, Percentage 8.60e-01%, Percentage 8.75e+00%, Specific_Energy 1.80e+07J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.01e+07J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.09e+07J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.62e+07J/kg, Specific_Surface_Area 1.89e+05m2/kg, Specific_Surface_Area 2.54e+05m2/kg, Specific_Volume 2.25e+00m3/kg, Specific_Volume 2.49e+00m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20180604758701
Title:Evaluation of land damage degree of mining subsidence area with high groundwater level
Authors:Cheng, Linlin (1); Zhao, Yunxiao (1); Chen, Liang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:253-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The evaluation of land damage degree is an important basis for the formulation of land reclamation plan and the establishment of compensation standard for farmers in coal mining subsidence area. Mining subsidence area with high groundwater level has the characteristics of flat terrain, lower phreatic water depth, more recoverable coal seams, large thickness and big surface subsidence coefficient which lead to severe surface subsidence and seeper. Land is seriously destroyed. Thus, this paper takes Dongtan coal mine as an example to evaluate land damage degree of subsidence area with high groundwater level that will be damaged by coal mining from 2014 to 2018. The underground water level more easily rises above the surface elevation after mining, which leads to surface seeper in coal mining area with high groundwater level and when the perennial seeper is formed, there will be total crop failure for farmland. In Dongtan coal mine, the maximum buried depth of groundwater is 4 m. When the surface subsidence depth is more than 4 m, there will be perennial seeper, and therefore, the area with sinking depth of more than 4 m is designated as severely damaged area by the limit condition method. Based on a systematic review of existing research, the evaluation index system of other areas with sinking depth of no more than 4 m is constructed and evaluation units are divided with proper method. The weights of the indices are determined by the method of relationship of the order based on centralized decision-making of fuzzy opinions. Damage degrees are evaluated by the extension method. The final evaluation results show that the total damaged area of land is 1 675 hm<sup>2</sup>, of which the slightly damaged area is 968.2 hm<sup>2</sup>, the moderately damaged area is 379.53 hm<sup>2</sup>, and the severely damaged area is 327.27 hm<sup>2</sup>. The comparison with the simple empirical method of determining damage degree by means of surface seeper shows that the empirical method often underestimates the level of land damage in the mining area with high groundwater level. Areas where differences occur are concentrated in the middle and lower slopes of subsidence basins. Tilt deformation causes the slope of the land to become larger, and increases soil erosion; the area is under tensile force, and soil compaction is reduced, which is not conducive to the growth of crops, so the region near middle slopes can also be moderately damaged area. For the subsidence basin in downhill region, squeezed effect improves the land compaction, which is not conducive to the absorption of water and fertilizer for crops, and the area is prone to salinization and swamping, which is not conducive to the growth of crops. Although there is no perennial water area, the extent of the damage can be severe. Therefore, when determining damage degree of the land in coal mining subsidence area with high groundwater level, the condition of surface seeper should not be deemed as the only standard. The method proposed in this paper provides a reference for this type of subsidence area: The perennial water area is designated as severe damage area by the limit condition method, and comprehensive evaluation index system should be constructed to evaluate damage degree of land in other areas. The study provides theoretical support for the development of land reclamation plan and the establishment of compensation standards of farmers in Dongtan coal mine, and provides a reference for the evaluation of land damage degree in the same type of coal mining subsidence areas with high groundwater level.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Coal mines
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Coal - Coal deposits - Coal reclamation - Compaction - Crops - Cutting machines (mining) - Decision making - Groundwater - Land reclamation - Land use - Reclamation - Soil mechanics - Subsidence - Water absorption - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Centralized decision making - Coal mining subsidences - Comprehensive evaluation index system - Evaluation index system - Evaluation of land damage degree - Mining subsidence areas - Simple empirical methods - Subsidence areas
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20180604758702
Title:Design and test of three-pin clip-picking royal jelly larvae sorting machine
Authors:Wang, Mingxu (1); Li, Jianyong (1); Gao, Xinghua (1); Luo, Chunyang (1); Yang, Ze (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical Engineering College of Beihua University, Jilin; 132021, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jianyong(lijy_2005@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:261-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The royal jelly pick worm is a process that must be completed before harvesting pulp. Because of the larvae of bee are small and in a great deal of numbers, the labor intensity of the manual sorting process is very large. Moreover, the aging of Chinese beekeeping workforce is becoming increasingly serious in the bee keeping industry, and now the royal jelly picking worm have not yet reached mechanization, which hinders the production of royal jelly. In this paper, we developed a method for the present situation of Chinese beekeeping in a three-needle structural picking machine, which would not affect the quality of the royal jelly. First, the machine put the queen cell without beeswax one by one into the king's guide slot, then turned the pedal, the drive shaft was turned by pulley, and the main shaft would transfer the power to the drive unit and the picking worm unit. The toothed belt of the transmission unit transmitted the queen cell to the picking insect unit. Because of the its own weight, the queen cell which in guide groove was falling, implement automatic supply of queen cell, the action of picking worm was completed by pick worm unit, then bee larvae are collected by the insect collecting box. The queen cell was sent out after picking worm, thus finish the picking worm process. This device was easy to operate and had compact structure, suitable for the field operation for beekeepers. The machine was mainly used to construct the whole machine scheme of the three needles pick worm. The three needles were evenly distributed in the inner wall of queen cell, and at the same time, it also had a centripetal movement to clamp or loosen the bee. The three-needle mechanism was used for the coordination between the space sheave and cam mechanism, and the parameters of the space tank wheel and cam were calculated. The force situation of the foot pedal of the power input was obtained through finite element analysis. Finally, the arc length of the space slot was 7.5 PI, and the groove depth was 20.68 mm. The theoretical profile and work profile of the cam were obtained. The finite element analysis of the foot pedal was concluded that the actual stress was much less than the allowable stress of the material itself, which indicated that the method met the requirement of use. The experimental comparison and economic benefit of the artificial picking insects and the robot were summarized as follows: the machine will control the rate of worm picking at 10/min, 10 times the efficiency of manual sorting. The machine in royal jelly, royal jelly larvae preserved and did not affect the quality under the premise of one-time whole queen cell bee larvae all picked out of a hole (64), which realized continuous operation, greatly improved the efficiency of the pick of royal jelly, overcame long manual work time and labor intensity. It was very helpful to expand the scale of bee keeping in China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Cams - Cells - Cytology - Design - Efficiency - Kinematics - Machinery - Mechanization - Needles
Uncontrolled terms:Centripetal movement - Compact structures - Continuous operation - Contour line - Economic benefits - Experimental comparison - Present situation - Royal jelly
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.3 Mechanisms - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.07e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20180604758689
Title:Oxygation improving soil aeration around tomato root zone in greenhouse
Authors:Zhu, Yan (1, 2, 3); Cai, Huanjie (1, 2, 3); Song, Libing (1, 2, 3); Chen, Hui (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Huanjie(caihj@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:163-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Oxygation has shown its great yield potential and wonderful application prospect for the crop growth recently. It can impose aerated water to root zone through subsurface drip irrigation pipe and effectively ameliorate the hypoxic soil environment caused by subsurface drip irrigation. The overall goal of this study was to explore the impacts of oxygation on soil aeration. The specific objective was to determine the relationships among soil oxygen concentration, temperature, air-filled porosity, soil respiration and soil microbial respiration under oxygation conditions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (34°20'N, 108°24'E, Yangling, Shaanxi, China) during the tomato growing season from Aug. 18, 2016 to Jan. 9, 2017. It included 4 treatments, consisting of 2 irrigation managements (the oxygation (O) and subsurface drip irrigation (S)) and 2 irrigation levels (the crop-pan coefficient being 0.6 (W1) and 1.0 (W2)), with 3 replications for each treatment during the whole growing season. No-aerated subsurface drip irrigation was used as control (W1S and W2S) in order to assess the benefits of oxygation (W2O and W1O) on soil aeration. In the experiment, the diurnal variations of soil oxygen concentration, soil temperature and soil respiration were monitored through bi-hourly or hourly measurements, and then average, daily values of soil respiration, oxygen concentration and temperature were calculated from these diurnal measurements. Meanwhile, seasonal variations of air-filled porosity and soil microbial respiration were measured, and then plant root respiration was calculated by soil respiration minus soil microbial respiration. The results showed that soil microbial respiration with oxygation increased by 11.5% significantly (P<0.05) compared with no aerated subsurface drip irrigation conditions. Oxygation also improved soil oxygen concentration and plant root respiration. Especially, the plant root respiration with W2O treatment increased by 38.8% significantly (P<0.05) compared with W2S treatment. Thus, according to controlling the soil water and air coordination, oxygation could promote soil respiration, plant root respiration and then improve soil aeration effectively. What's more, compared with no-aeration (W1S and W2S) and oxygation had a more noticeable impacts on soil respiration and plant root respiration. On the other hand, soil temperature had an effect on soil oxygen consumption through affecting soil respiration. Therefore, soil temperature and soil oxygen concentration were significantly negatively correlated (P<0.01) and the diurnal variation of soil temperature showed an opposite trend with soil oxygen concentration. When the air-filled porosity was small at the tomato pre-growth (seedling to early fruiting stage) period, soil respiration were significantly positive correlated with air-filled porosity and soil oxygen concentration, and negative correlated with soil temperature (P<0.05). When the air-filled porosity maintained stability at the tomato late fruiting and maturation stage, the soil respiration and microbial respiration were significantly positive correlated with soil temperature, and negative correlated with soil oxygen concentration (P<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between air-filled porosity and soil respiration or soil microbial respiration at the tomato late fruiting and maturation stage. Therefore, soil temperature, oxygen concentration and air-filled porosity were important factors that influencing soil respiration and soil microbial respiration during the whole growing season. Oxygation could improve soil aeration effectively, and then decrease the limiting factors of soil respiration, which may be the reason of the greater soil respiration, microbial respiration and plant root respiration. In a word, with higher soil oxygen concentration in the condition of oxygation, soil environment were more preferably for soil respiration (including soil microbial respiration and plant root respiration). In turn, the effectively enhanced soil respiration was also as an indicator of more favorable growing conditions and reduced hypoxic conditions for oxygation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Crops - Fruits - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Oxygen - Plants (botany) - Porosity - Soil moisture - Subirrigation - Temperature - Water aeration
Uncontrolled terms:Irrigation management - Oxygation - Oxygen concentrations - Plant root respiration - Respiration - Soil microbial respiration - Soil oxygen concentration - Subsurface drip irrigation
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 3.88e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20180604758693
Title:Runoff estimation for hillslope land in Miyun based on improved model of soil conservation service curve number
Authors:Jiao, Jian (1); Song, Boyan (2); Wang, Shilei (2); Wang, Fenzhong (2); Zhang, Ting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) China Institute of Hydropower and Water Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Soil Conservation Work Station for Miyun District in Beijing, Miyun, 101500, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:194-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Miyun District is in the region for drinking water source for Beijing, which is a mountainous region. Because of steep slopes there, there may be severe soil erosion during storms. To analyze the movement of sediments and nutrients, accurate estimation of surface runoff is important. In recent years, the soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) model has been used in the mountainous region of Beijing, but model accuracy is unsatisfactory. In various storm events, the parameter-runoff curve number varied over a wide range. If the influence of rainfall processes and characteristics is not considered, simulation error for the surface runoff can be large. In the present study, data observed for rainfall and runoff depth during 201 rainfall-runoff events from experimental plots with various land cover and management were used to improve the SCS-CN model and test modeling accuracy. The 5 experimental plots were in the Shixia watershed, northeast of Miyun Reservoir, covering117°01'-117°07'E, 47°32'-47°38'N. Observed runoff depth data for 127 rainfall-runoff events were used to improve the SCS-CN model; the other runoff depth data for 74 events were used to test modeling accuracy. Based on analyses of the influence of rainfall processes and intensity on the runoff and curve number for each rainfall event, a method for calculating curve number for each rainfall event was proposed. This indicated that the ratio of curve number for each rainfall event to the annual mean curve number increased with the ratio of maximum 30-minute rainfall to total rainfall for the event, with a power function relationship. The power function for curve number for each rainfall event calculation improved SCS-CN modeling accuracy. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, correlation coefficient r, and mean relative error (MRE) were used in the examination of simulation results. To achieve optimum modeling accuracy, a range of initial abstraction ratio values from 0.01 to 0.30 was tested for the improved model. An initial abstract ratio 0.02 was used in the improved SCS-CN model so that Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.693, r was 0.859, and MRE was 4.21%. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the SCS-CN model without improvement was only 0.151. Because the study area is dominated by a monsoon climate, in the rainy season, storms with relatively high rainfall intensity were common. The ratio for rainfall that infiltrated was smaller, so the initial abstract ratio value was smaller than that in the USA. Simulation results for different antecedent moisture conditions (AMCs) were as follows. For dry conditions, instead of total rainfall amount, rainfall intensity may be more important to the process of infiltration excess runoff. For humid conditions with greater soil moisture contents, rainfall amount may be more important to surface runoff formation. Simulation results for various land uses were different with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.713 and 0.735 for the improved SCS-CN model used for bare land and cropland, respectively. On the surface of the bare land with little vegetation and cropland with low vegetation cover (except for corn stems), from the effect of rainfall splashing and surface runoff scouring, rills formed provided runoff paths. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was low for woodland because the formation mechanism of surface runoff was complex, and excess infiltration-saturation runoff may occur during certain rainfall events. Moreover, interannual variability of vegetation cover for shrubland and woodland may alter the runoff coefficient. In 1994 and 2000, the runoff coefficients for shrubland and woodland were 0.058 and 0.057 respectively; in 2013 and 2015, the runoff coefficients were 0.140 and 0.032 respectively. Optimization of parameters related to soil properties is needed in future research on the improved model.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Infiltration - Land use - Models - Moisture - Potable water - Reservoirs (water) - Runoff - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Soils - Storms - Surface waters - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Curve numbers - Drinking water sources - Infiltration excess runoffs - Interannual variability - Miyun District - Optimization of parameters - Soil conservation service - curve numbers
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 441.2 Reservoirs - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.21e+00%, Time 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20180604758697
Title:Design and performance of waste gas self-circulation biomass carbonization equipment
Authors:Miao, Hong (1, 2); Jiang, Cheng (2); Mei, Qing (2); Zhang, Shanwen (2); Zhang, Yanjun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shanwen(zhangshanwen123@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:222-230
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the current, due to the shortage of energy, greenhouse effect and serious pollution of ecological environment, the development and utilization of biomass energy can meet the objective law of sustainable development, promote the adjustment of energy structure in China, reduce dependence on fossil energy, and increase the renewable energy utilization ratio. It can help to alleviate various ecological environmental pollution and damage caused by the current fossil energy use, and establish the clean renewable energy system. And it can be conducive to broaden the human energy utilization scope, alleviate the pressure of energy shortage and improve life quality of the people. Compared with biomass gasification and oil production, biomass carbonization has the advantages of low cost, low equipment requirement and is used widely. Except for being used as fuel, it can also be used to improve the soil adsorption of heavy metal, pesticides, pollutants, and so on, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the water quality. Biomass pyrolysis technology has made some progress, but it still remains in the technology level of charcoal preparation in traditional kiln, and it has disadvantages of low carbon rate, poor quality, high labor intensity, poor working environment, serious environmental pollution, low efficiency and long period, so biomass carbonization is not applied in large area. In order to effectively solve the problems of the present biomass carbonization equipment of carbon preparation, such as low carbon yield, poor quality of the carbon, the surplus gas to pollute the environment, the by-products being not effectively separated, a set of biomass carbonization equipment with exhaust gas self-circulation is designed and manufactured. Carbonization furnace body, heating system, tar recovery device, gas circulation device, and temperature and pressure monitoring system are designed in detail and the parameters are set. The finite element method is used to study the heat transfer performance of the carbonization furnace body and tar recovery device. In the end, the carbonization test is carried out. The results show that the biomass carbonization equipment can meet the demand of carbon preparation, by-product recovery, waste recycling, precise control of process parameters for the furnace door frame. The upper temperature distribution is uneven, the internal temperature distribution of the furnace body is uniform and the temperature gradient of biomass can be smooth. The flow rates at the 3 cooling water inlets of the tar recovery device are 0.045, 0.03 and 0.015 m/s, respectively, and the temperature decline during the cooling is 271, 111 and 61℃, respectively. The temperature of flue gas cools from 500 to 50℃. The cooling effect is obvious, and volatile of tar can be separated from wood vinegar liquid. The influence order of the factors of carbon yield, calorific value and energy yield is as follows: Carbonization temperature > holding time > heating rate. The carbon yield has positive correlation with the energy yield, and both have negative correlation with the heat value. Considering comprehensively, the best carbonization conditions are the heating rate of 3℃/min, the carbonization temperature of 450℃ and the holding time of 3 h.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Carbonization
Controlled terms:Air purification - Biomass - Byproducts - Charcoal - Cooling - Cooling water - Design - Ecology - Energy utilization - Environmental regulations - Environmental technology - Equipment, devices and apparatus - Finite element method - Furnaces - Gas emissions - Gases - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouse gases - Heat transfer - Heating equipment - Heating rate - Heavy metals - Pollution - Purification - Recovery - Renewable energy resources - Soil pollution - Sustainable development - Tar - Temperature distribution - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Carbonization temperatures - Development and utilizations - Environmental pollutions - Heat transfer performance - Internal temperature distribution - Renewable energy systems - Residual gas - Temperature and pressures
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 451 Air Pollution - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 453 Water Pollution - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901 Engineering Profession - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.08e+04s, Velocity 1.50e-02m/s, Velocity 3.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20180604758675
Title:Experiment on sliding friction characteristics between rice straw and baler steel-roll
Authors:Wang, Defu (1, 2); Jiang, Zhiguo (1, 2); Li, Baiqiu (1, 2); Wang, Guofu (1, 2); Jiang, Yiyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Pig-breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:44-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice straw resource is abundant in China, and annual output of rice straw has been over 200 million t. In recent years, as a kind of renewable biomass resource, rice straw is being used widely in new areas. However, because of the scattered distribution, the loose structure and the large volume of rice straw resource, it is difficult for rice straw to be stored and transported, which has seriously restricted the large-scale utilization of rice straw resource. It is very important to use the round baler to harvest rice straw for the comprehensive utilization of rice straw. In view of the fact that the basic research of the steel-roll round baler is less in China, it is urgent to carry out the basic research on the sliding friction between rice straw and steel-roll. In order to provide the basis for the design of the steel-roll round baler, the experiments of the sliding friction characteristics between rice straw and steel-roll (prepared by the rolling of cold rolled plate of carbon steel) were performed in this paper. Using the self-made device for measuring steel-roll sliding friction coefficient, the effects of moisture content of rice straw, positive compressive stress, steel-roll linear speed, and the interaction between them on the sliding friction coefficient between rice straw and steel-roll were studied by L27 (313) orthogonal experiment. Three factors and 3 levels, 3 samples and a total of 18 kinds of treatments were selected and each treatment repeated 5 times, which were used to determine the significance of the impact of factors and the order of factors. Then 5 levels of moisture content of rice straw, positive compressive stress and steel-roll linear speed were respectively selected in the single factor experiment, and the influence of each factor on the experimental index was studied, obtaining the corresponding regression equations and the coefficients of determination. The results of orthogonal experiment showed that: The sliding friction coefficient between rice straw and steel-roll was significantly affected by moisture content of rice straw and positive compressive stress, while less significantly affected by steel-roll linear speed, and the influencing order of factors was moisture content of rice straw > positive compressive stress > steel-roll linear speed. In the interaction between the factors, the sliding friction coefficient between rice straw and steel-roll was significantly affected by the interaction between moisture content of rice straw and positive compressive stress. The results of single factor experiments showed that: The sliding friction coefficient between rice straw and steel-roll increased with the increasing of moisture content of rice straw, decreased with the increasing of positive compressive stress, and slowly decreased with the increasing of steel-roll linear speed. When the moisture content of rice straw was 10%-70%, the positive compressive stress was 1-9 kPa and the steel-roll linear speed was 0.2-0.8 m/s, the range of sliding friction coefficient between rice straw and steel-roll was 0.353-0.612. Regression models had a good fitting degree with experimental results, and could be used to analyze the changes of the sliding friction coefficient between rice straw and steel-roll. The results can provide theoretical basis for the research and design of key components of steel-roll round balers.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Steel research
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Carbon - Carbon steel - Cold rolling - Compressive stress - Friction - Mechanical properties - Metal cladding - Moisture - Moisture determination - Regression analysis - Speed - Steel sheet - Straw - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass resources - Cold-rolled plates - Comprehensive utilizations - Orthogonal experiment - Regression equation - Scale utilization - Single-factor experiments - Sliding friction coefficient
Classification code:535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice - 545.3 Steel - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+03Pa to 9.00e+03Pa, Velocity 2.00e-01m/s to 8.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20180604758681
Title:Study on anti-speed saturation of PID governor for isolated hydraulic turbines
Authors:Men, Chuangshe (1); Nan, Haipeng (1); Guan, Xin (1); Liao, Weili (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:92-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The stability of hydraulic turbine control system plays an important role in the safety and stability of power grid, especially in the small capacity grid systems and the isolated grid systems. However, it repeatedly appears in some hydropower stations at home and abroad that with the load disturbance amplitude increasing, the system stability rapidly decreases and even the frequency divergent oscillation occurs in the process, such as Weituo power station, Manla power station and Majitang power station. In order to solve this problem, Weituo power station reduces the proportional gain and integral gain of governor, but this method will reduce the primary frequency regulation speed. Manla power station gradually reduces the guide vane opening limit and makes the unit output reduced to 0, and then gradually increases the unit output when the power grid is steady. This method can't provide proper adjustment in the power grid disturbance, and the unit output decreases will inevitably cause new disturbance to the power grid. Majitang power station limits the variable quantity and the change rate of load, but this method can't fully perform the adjustment ability of the unit, and the power grid has higher requirements to load. So, it doesn't fundamentally solve the problem. In this paper, a simulation model of hydraulic turbine control system is built and the calculation method for the regulator is introduced which considers the nonlinear factors such as the limit of servomotor speed, the limit of servomotor displacement and the restraining measures for the limit of servomotor displacement. Decay rate of 5% rated load disturbance is 2.52%, the decay rate of 10% rated load disturbance is 8.84%, and in the 15% rated load disturbance process occurs divergent oscillation through the simulation. Those results reproduce the phenomena that with the load disturbance amplitude increasing, the system stability decreases. A step response of regulator is researched and the results show the PID (proportional, integral, derivative) regulator speed saturation is the main cause of this problem mainly reflected in the proportion and integral parts. That is the proportional output change rate is greater than the maximum of servomotor speed and the integral output is overmuch. Based on the results, an improved PID method is proposed which limits the rate of proportional output value, stops the integral change when proportional output is limited, and the differential output does not change considering the advance correction action of differential part. The step response results of improved PID regulator show the speed saturation is restrained. The decay rate of 5% rated load disturbance is 2.52%, the decay rate of 10% rated load disturbance is 2.19%, and the decay rate of 15% rated load disturbance is 1.79% by using the improved regulator. The simulation results show the improved regulator can effectively restrain the speed saturation of the regulator for ensuring the excellent regulation quality. Finally, an engineering example of load disturbance processing of Duobu power station is simulated. The system frequency divergent oscillation appears in 25% rated load disturbance process in isolated power grid by using original speed governor, but the decay rate of 25% rated load disturbance is 4.76% and the regulation quality is satisfactory by using improved governor. The conclusions obtained are as follows: 1) The main cause of the problem that with the load disturbance amplitude increasing, the system stability rapidly decreases and even the frequency divergent oscillation occurs in the process is regulator speed saturation, mainly reflected in the proportional and integral speed saturation. 2) The improved PID regulator can restrain the speed saturation, ensure the advance correction action of regulator and the high stability is proved by using simulation and engineering examples in the small capacity grid systems and the isolated grid systems. The method proposed in this paper improves the control algorithm of the hydraulic turbine regulator, and has important practical value in engineering application.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Electric power system control
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Control systems - Convergence of numerical methods - Decay (organic) - Electric power transmission networks - Governors - Hydraulic motors - Hydraulic turbines - Problem solving - Proportional control systems - Rating - Servomotors - Speed - Step response - System stability - Turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Differential output - Engineering applications - Isolated grids - PID (Proportional , Integral , Derivative) - Primary frequency regulation - Regulating systems - Safety and stabilities - Turbine control system
Classification code:602.1 Mechanical Drives - 617.1 Hydraulic Turbines - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.3 Electric Motors - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.2 Control System Applications - 801.2 Biochemistry - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+00%, Percentage 2.19e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+00%, Percentage 4.76e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.84e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20180604758700
Title:Effects of stocking density on water quality of Haliotis discus hannai Ino in recirculating aquaculture and purification effect of biofilter
Authors:Gao, Xiaolong (1, 2); Liu, Ying (3); Li, Xian (1); Li, Wenya (4); Xu, Jianping (4); Hao, Jingwei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao; 266071, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China; (4) Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao; 266033, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Ying(yingliu@dlou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:244-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper focused on the wastewater discharged from the aquaculture of Haliotis discus hannai Ino (H. d. hannai), targeted at improving the comprehensive utilization rate of water circulation system, compared the changing characteristics of the aquaculture water environment between the high density (HD) group (500 m<sup>-2</sup>), the medium density (MD) group (300 m<sup>-2</sup>) and the low density (LD) group (100 m<sup>-2</sup>), and evaluated the water treatment effect of moving bed aerating biofilter. Results showed that stocking density had a significant effect on the concentration of total ammonia (TAN), nitrite nitrogen (NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO<inf>4</inf><sup>3-</sup>-P) (P<0.05), and the degree of effect could be ranked as: HD > MD > LD. The total number of heterotrophic bacteria in each density group increased over time; except the 2nd and 11th sampling, the total number of heterotrophic bacteria in the HD group at other time points was significantly higher than that in the MD and LD group (P<0.05). The MD and HD group showed no significant difference in the concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (P>0.05), but were significantly higher than that in LD group (P<0.05). At the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th sampling, no significant difference in respect of the total number of vibrios was identified among the density groups (P>0.05), and from the 6th sampling to the end of the experiment, the total number of vibrios in the MD and HD group was significantly higher than that in the LD group (P<0.05). In current conditions (water circulation rate, temperature, hydraulic loading), the average removal rate of biofilter for TAN, NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, TN, PO<inf>4</inf><sup>3-</sup>-P, TP, COD was 16.40%, 15.81%, 2.93%, 12.22%, 2.91%, 6.48% and 9.47% respectively. At the point of the last sampling, no significant difference in respect of the removal rate of TAN was identified compared with the 8th and 14th sampling, but it was significantly higher than that in any other time point (P<0.05). At the point of the 14th sampling, no significant difference in respect of the removal rate of NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N was identified compared with the 5th and 13th sampling, but it was significantly higher than that in any other time point (P<0.05). The biofilter had a better treatment effect on TAN and NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N which produce an obvious toxic effect on abalone in the aquaculture wastewater. However, it had a relatively low treatment efficiency on the removal of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, TN and the low-concentration PO<inf>4</inf><sup>3-</sup>-P and COD. Therefore, in view of the multiple factors including economic and ecological benefits, it will be more appropriate to set the density of H. d. hannai as 500 m<sup>-2</sup>in the multi-layer, three-dimensional recirculating aquaculture systems.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Bacteria - Biofilters - Chemical oxygen demand - Density (specific gravity) - Nitrogen - Nitrogen oxides - Purification - Wastewater treatment - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture wastewater - Comprehensive utilizations - Haliotis - Heterotrophic bacterias - Purification effect - Recirculating aquaculture system - Treatment efficiency - Water circulation system
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.64e+01%, Percentage 2.91e+00%, Percentage 2.93e+00%, Percentage 6.48e+00%, Percentage 9.47e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.21.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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