<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20180204623862
Title:Critical area identification of phosphorus loss based on runoff characteristics in small watershed
Authors:Liu, Jie (1); Pang, Shujiang (1); He, Yangyang (1); Wang, Xiaoyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xiaoyan(wangxy@cnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:241-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Phosphorus is one of the important limiting nutrient elements of net primary productivity of terrestrial freshwater ecosystem, and the characteristics of land runoff are an important factor affecting its loss. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value to identify the key source of phosphorus loss under different runoff characteristics. In order to clarify the critical source areas of phosphorus loss in different runoff characteristics, the small watershed of Shixia in Miyun County, northeast of Beijing is taken as the study area. SCS-CN (soil conservation service-curve number) model with infiltration excess runoff mechanism and VSA-CN (variable source area-curve number) model with saturation excess runoff mechanism are used to identify the features of runoff at different rainfall types. PI (phosphorus index) model is applied to identify critical source areas of phosphorus loss in this watershed based on different runoff generation mechanisms. The results show that: 1) For infiltration excess runoff, there is high runoff in relatively humid region in the southern and eastern parts of Shixia small watershed because of the mid rainfall depth and high rainfall intensity, as well as in the arable lands in the northeastern and western parts of this region. The runoff yields in these areas are between 15 and 30 mm, which accounts for about 14.2% of the total area. There is low runoff (runoff yield less than 15 mm) for the forest land in the northern area, whose area accounts for about 85.8%. 2) For saturation excess runoff, there are 2 rainfall types. No runoff can be observed because of the rainfall type of low rainfall depth and low rainfall intensity; and the low runoff area of less than 15 mm accounts for about 99.9%. For the type of the high rainfall depth and mid rainfall intensity, the runoff yield can reach the highest level around the Miyun Reservoir watershed which takes up 14.6% of the total area with runoff yield over 30 mm; there are 17.7% of the total area with runoff yield between 15 and 30 mm and 67.7% of the total area with runoff yield less than 15 mm. 3) The degree of soil erosion in this region is weaker whereas the runoff yield is a bit higher in some areas with a higher risk of runoff. 4) For the type of infiltration excess runoff, there is a risk of phosphorus loss which accounts for about 1.4% of the total area in the southern part of the small watershed of Shixia. For the type of saturation excess runoff, there is a risk of phosphorus loss in the northern part and southern of the Shixia small watershed which accounts for about 2.3% of total area, so there is a higher risk of phosphorus loss under the type of saturation excess runoff than that under the type of infiltration excess runoff. In general, the risk of phosphorus loss in the small watershed of Shixia is lower, and the southern part of the study area close to the Miyun Reservoir is the key area for phosphorus loss and more attention should be paid for control and management.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Ecosystems - Infiltration - Phosphorus - Pollution - Rain - Reservoir management - Soil conservation - Water pollution - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Critical area - Infiltration excess runoffs - Miyun Reservoir - Net primary productivity - Runoff characteristics - Runoff generation mechanisms - Saturation excess runoffs - Soil conservation service - curve numbers
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 1.77e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+00%, Percentage 6.77e+01%, Percentage 8.58e+01%, Percentage 9.99e+01%, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 1.50e-02m to 3.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20180204623845
Title:Influence of different coverage and meteorological factors on soil thermal conductivity and heat flux during freezing and thawing period
Authors:Fu, Qiang (1); Yan, Peiru (1); Li, Tianxiao (1); Hou, Renjie (1); Zhou, Zhaoqiang (1); Ma, Ziao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:98-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the characteristics of soil thermal conductivity and heat flux under different mulching conditions in freezing and thawing period, we measured the soil temperature with 5 different treatments, i.e. bare land (BL), snow cover (SC), 6 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>straw mulching + snow cover (SM1), 12 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>straw mulching + snow cover (SM2), and 18000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>straw mulching + snow cover (SM3), and then calculated the soil thermal conductivity and heat flux. Results showed that the soil thermal conductivity increased when soil was freezing, maintained constant when soil was frozen completely, and decreased when soil was thawing. In the freezing period, straw mulching and snow cover could delay the increase of soil thermal conductivity. In the thawing period, straw mulching and snow cover could delay the decrease of soil thermal conductivity. The rising time of soil thermal conductivity of BL was 7 d earlier than the other 4 treatments in 20 cm soil layer. During the freezing period, the average soil thermal conductivity of BL was the largest, while during the thawing period the average soil thermal conductivity of BL was the lowest. The soil thermal conductivity of BL was 1.55 W/(m·K) in 20 cm soil layer during the freezing period, which was 12%, 26%, 41% and 49% higher than those of SC, SM1, SM2 and SM3, respectively. The thermal conductivity of BL in 20 cm soil layer was 0.78 W/(m·K) in the thawing period, which was 29%, 25%, 22% and 15% smaller than those of SC, SM1, SM2 and SM3, respectively. Straw mulching and snow cover could reduce the range of soil thermal conductivity and the active layer depth of soil thermal conductivity. Soil thermal conductivity had the best correlation with aqueous vapour pressure in BL, and the correlation coefficient was-0.84 (P<0.01). Soil thermal conductivity had the worst correlation with wind speed in BL, and the correlation coefficient was-0.43 (P<0.05). Soil thermal conductivity had the best correlation with ambient temperature under straw mulching and snow cover, and had the worst correlation with wind speed. Straw mulching and snow cover could reduce the influence of atmospheric environment on soil thermal conductivity. When the environment temperature was higher than-3℃, the soil thermal conductivity maintained a lower value and remained unchanged. When the environment temperature was lower than-3℃, the soil thermal conductivity maintained a higher value and remained unchanged. During the freezing period, the soil heat transfer upward and the soil heat flux increased first and then decreased; during the thawing period, the soil heat transfer downward and the soil heat flux increased gradually. Straw mulching and snow cover reduced the soil heat flux and its variation. In the whole freezing and thawing period, the average value of soil heat flux of BL was the largest and the soil heat flux of SM3 was the least in the same soil layer. Straw mulching and snow cover could reduce the active layer depth of soil heat flux. The heat flux of surface soil was significantly higher than that of deep soil. Soil heat flux had the best correlation with solar radiation, and all the correlation coefficients were above 0.85 in the 5 treatments. Soil heat flux had the worst correlation with wind speed, and all the correlation coefficients were below 0.55. Straw mulching and snow cover could reduce the influence of atmospheric environment on soil heat flux. The correlation coefficient between solar radiation and soil heat flux of BL was-0.91 (P<0.01), while the correlation coefficient of SM3 was only-0.88 (P<0.01). The results can provide scientific references for regulation of soil temperature in winter and prediction of soil temperature in spring.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Thermal conductivity
Controlled terms:Freezing - Heat flux - Heat transfer - Snow - Soils - Solar radiation - Straw - Temperature - Thawing - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric environment - Correlation coefficient - Different treatments - Environment temperature - Freezing and thawing - Meteorological factors - Scientific references - Soil thermal conductivity
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m, Thermal_Conductivity 1.55e+00W/m*K, Thermal_Conductivity 7.80e-01W/m*K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20180204623840
Title:Demarcated standard and verification of backlash relief in external gear pumps
Authors:Sun, Fuchun (1); Li, Yulong (1); Wen, Changming (1); Zhong, Fei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu; 610106, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:61-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The gear pumps are used for pumping the working fluid, and its key component is a pair of gear pairs. In the power transmission, the backlash of the gear pair is used to form the lubricating oil film to avoid sticking due to the friction and heat expansion of the gear teeth, but it also affects the stability of the oil film. The choice of backlash in the gear pump is also limited. The backlash of the gear has an influence on the trapped oil performance and volumetric efficiency of the gear pump, while the definition whether there is a backlash existed and the definition what is large backlash and what is small backlash is vague. Based on the common requirements of different backlash values to transmission performance and trapped oil performance, the special trapped-oil circulation and trapped-oil process were analyzed in this study, and the emphasis was on the double teeth meshing range and the single tooth meshing range. From the connection aspect of two different trapped-oil volumes in double teeth meshed range and the improvement aspect of trapped oil performance in single tooth meshed range, we used to separately calculate dynamic trapped-oil flow rate and its maximum value under the two different ranges of double teeth meshing and single tooth meshing, as well as the different formulas to separately calculate dynamic backlash values, its mean value, its lower limiting value used for the connection in double teeth meshed range, and the relief in single tooth meshed range. From such exercises, we derived the definition what was large backlash and what was small backlash. The backlash therefore was defined as, a small backlash was when the backlash value was less than the maximum peak of the backlash for connection, and when the backlash value was greater than the maximum peak of the backlash for connection and less than the maximum peak of the backlash for trapped oil relief, it was a large backlash, and when the backlash value was greater than the maximum peak of the backlash for trapped oil relief, it belonged to the large backlash. An instance of an external gear pump which backlash was 30, 50, 200 μm, was operated and its operation results were analyzed by the theory we developed. The results showed that when the trapped oil flow peak ratio of the unloading area and the connected area was 3, the unloading burden of the former was large. In fact, the really communicating to the communication area required up 2.41 mm backlash, which did not actually exist. So the gear pairs used in gear pumps was the gear pairs with backlash forever. The absolute connection of each other of two different trapped-oil volumes in double teeth meshed range and the absolute trapped-oil relief in single tooth meshed range were nonexistent, but only relatively existed under a certain permission pressure difference. As long as the trapped-oil relief requirement in single tooth meshed range was satisfied by an adopted backlash value, then the connection of two different trapped-oil volumes each other would naturally be met by the adopted backlash value. Backlash for trapped oil relief was larger than the backlash for connection, which can be used in definition what was large backlash and what was small backlash, and the backlash for trapped oil relief can be used as the upper limit. The error in the calculation and experiment was 7.5%, which was reasonable, and the upper limit of the safety margin was 20%, which was reliable. This research provided a reference for distinguishing large backlash between small backlash by Pump backlash defining, and which also provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent studies.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Gear teeth
Controlled terms:Gear pumps - Gears - Lubricating oils - Pumps - Unloading - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Backlash for connection - Backlash for relief - Demarcated size - Oil flow rate - Vibrations
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 607.1 Lubricants - 618.2 Pumps - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+00%, Size 2.00e-04m, Size 2.41e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20180204623859
Title:Analyzing effect of urbanization on haze pollution based on static and dynamic spatial panel model
Authors:Liu, Xiaohong (1, 2); Jiang, Keshen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing; 211106, China; (2) Business College, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing; 211171, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:218-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At first, this article studied the spatial effect of haze pollution, using Chinese 30 provinces panel data from 2003 to 2014. The global Moran's I index was 0.3875, and there was spatial agglomeration of haze pollution in China. The Moran's I index scatter plot showed that there was a positive spatial autocorrelation of haze pollution in China, and most of the provinces were located in high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration. This research empirically investigated the influence of urbanization, energy intensity and traffic pressure on hazy pollution with static and dynamic spatial panel econometric model. The spatial autoregressive coefficient was 0.144 9, and the spatial spillover effect of haze pollution was significant. There existed an Environment Kuznets Curve between urbanization and haze pollution. The increase of traffic pressure by one percentage will increase haze pollution by 0.207 5 percentages. From the decomposition of the effects, the EKC curve existed between urbanization and haze pollution in the regional and global. The indirect effect and total effect of per capita GDP were significantly negative, and the increase in per capita income in the region can reduce haze pollution of adjacent region and whole region. The decrease in energy intensity will reduce haze pollution in this region, but will increase haze pollution in adjacent regions. The direct effect, indirect effect and total effect of energy consumption structure were all significantly positive. The decline in the proportion of coal consumption not only can reduce the haze pollution in this region, but also can significantly inhibit the adjacent regions of haze pollution, thereby reducing the haze pollution of the whole region. The direct effect of traffic pressure was significantly positive, but the indirect effect was significantly negative. The increase of traffic pressure will obviously increase the degree of haze pollution in this region. However, the increase of traffic pressure in adjacent areas will inhibit the haze pollution in the area. The coefficients of PM<inf>10 (-1)</inf>in the Durbin spatial panel model was up to 0.611 4 which indicated the time and spatial dependence of haze pollution in China. The dynamic spatial panel econometric model was more appropriate and accurate than the static model which revealed the influence of omission factors such as the mode of resident behavior and construction on haze pollution were also very important. These results for the understanding the impact of the energy intensity and traffic pressure on haze pollution in the process of urbanization and promoting win-win of urbanization and ecological environment have important policy implications. In order to control China's haze pollution, regional cooperation is required and the sustainability of haze management is ensured. During the new type of urbanization process in China, we should take the green as the banner, expand the urban green area, make the urban energy conservation infrastructure construction, and green town planning. In the new normal economy, we should increase per capita income of residents; We should strengthen the energy efficiency; and reduce the proportion of coal consumption, and increase the proportion of non-fossil energy; We should strengthen traffic management and develop the public transport.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Pollution control
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Economic analysis - Economics - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Models - Pollution - Public policy - Sustainable development - Traffic control
Uncontrolled terms:Energy intensity - Haze - Panel model - Traffic pressure - Urbanization
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20180204623850
Title:Analysis on improvement of slope stability in root-soil composite of Picea crassifolia forest in Helan Mountain
Authors:Tian, Jia (1); Ji, Jinnan (2); Zhong, Qi (1); Yu, Pengcheng (1); Yang, Lijiao (1); Yuan, Bo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:144-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Helan Mountain is an area prone to geological hazard and an ecological shelter in Yinchuan Plain. Plants have been widely used for controlling shallow landslides and soil and water loss in this area. The exact study site is located at the Tu'erkeng forest protection point in Suyukou national forest park. To reveal mechanisms of slope stability reinforced by root-soil composite, we built a finite element numerical model to simulate the impact of root-soil composite on slope stability. Picea crassifolia was selected as research object, which is one of the most important trees for soil and water conservation in Helan Moutain. In this paper, direct shear tests and triaxial tests of root-soil composite and pure soil were conducted for getting soil strength parameters, and based on the soil parameters, the finite element numerical model for the stability calculation of Picea crassifolia forest slope was established. All the soils, including the root-soil composite and the plain soil, were undisturbed samples and were obtained from the same time and field. In the numerical model, the soil was defined as ideal elastoplastic material and following the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. The soil and rock were divided by triangular elements of plane strain (CPE6MP and CPE3). Using the model, factor of safety, maximum plastic strain, maximum displacement, failure time, and their growth rate with the slope grade (18.43°, 21.80°, 26.57°, 33.69° and 45.00°) were studied. In this paper we also calculated the grey relational coefficient between the factor of safety and soil strength parameters including friction angle, cohesion, and dilation angle. It was found that: 1) The relationships between factor of safety and slope grade are similar in the slopes with or without trees, and they all decrease in power function. The growth rate of factor of safety increases with the increasing of the slope grade and shows the exponential change. The steeper the slope, the stronger root-soil composite improves the slope stability. 2) The existence of the root-soil composite can prolong the failure time of the slope, and the failure time of the slope with trees is longer than that without trees. The growth rate of the slope failure time increases with the increasing of the slope grade, showing a parabolic curve, and the steeper the slope, the more obvious the effect. With or without plastic-perforation zone, the maximum plastic strain, maximum displacement and failure time of the slope will have an obvious difference. 3) In the 3 soil strength parameters, the cohesion has the greatest influence on the slope stability. The next is the friction angle and the dilation angle. Moreover, this order is not affected by the slope grade. This is also one of the fundamental reasons why vegetation can affect slope stability obviously. The successful implement of this research can play a key role in understanding the nature of root-soil composite reinforcement, promoting numerical simulation study on slope stability and preventing shallow landslides and soil and water losses in Helan Mountain.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Slope stability
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Computer simulation - Finite element method - Forestry - Friction - Growth rate - Landforms - Landslides - Numerical models - Outages - Plastic deformation - Reinforcement - Reservoirs (water) - Safety factor - Slope protection - Soil conservation - Soils - Stability - Strain - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Finite element numerical models - Grey relational coefficient - Helan Mountain - Mohr Coulomb yield criterion - Numerical simulation studies - Picea crassifolia - Picea crassifolia forests - Soil and water conservation
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 441.2 Reservoirs - 444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20180204623863
Title:Isolation and identification of flocclant producing strain and its application for swine wastewater clarification
Authors:Zhang, Luxin (1); Lu, Chen (2); Li, Lvmu (1, 2); Xu, Yayuan (1); Liang, Jun (1); Diao, Huan (1); Ding, Weimin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) School of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (3) Anhui Antai Agriculture Group, Guangde; 242200, China
Corresponding author:Li, Lvmu(llm56@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:250-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An efficient flocculant producing strain was isolated, which could effectively flocculate suspended matter in piggery wastewater. The sludge from piggery sewage sedimentation tank was selected as the screening material. Screening was carried out by dilution plate method and screening medium. Colonies with smooth, large and sticky surfaces were selected. Then the plate was used to isolate and purify the strain, and then inoculated into the liquid medium. The flocculation rate of swine wastewater treated by bacterial fermentation liquid as index was rescreened. Finally, a flocculant producing bacterial strain FD-14 was obtained and identified by 16S rDNA. First, single factor experiments were conducted on the culture conditions, in order to determine the influence of 4 factors on the flocculation activity, such as culture temperature, pH value, rotational speed and time, L9 (3<sup>4</sup>) orthogonal design was used to optimize the culture conditions of the strain. The culture conditions were optimized: Temperature: 30, 33 and 36℃; pH vale: 6.6, 7, 7.4; speed: 120, 150, 180 r/min, and incubation time: 42, 48, 54 h. Then the single factor experiment was used to optimize the carbon and nitrogen source of the medium. By using ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, phenol sulfuric acid method and Coomassie brilliant blue method was used to analyze the components of flocculant. Under the optimal conditions, strain FD-14 was cultured and fermentation broth was used as a crude flocculant, which had been applied to practical swine farm wastewater treatment. The results showed that FD-14 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The optimum culture conditions of strain FD-14 were 33℃, initial pH value 6.5, rotational speed of 150 r/min, and 42 h incubation. The results showed that strain FD-14 could use starch as an alternative inexpensive carbon source for the fermentation medium, the flocculation rate of 80.80% was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the original standard medium. The effect of substituting inexpensive nitrogen sources was poor; the flocculation rate of the best, ammonium chloride, was 67.38%, which was significantly less than the original standard medium (P<0.05). According to the practical application results on a swine farm, the flocculation rates of the microbial and chemical flocculants of the swine farm wastewater were 79.0% and 62.7%, respectively. The flocculation rate of the microbial flocculant was 16.3% higher than that of the chemical flocculant. Analysis using UV and IR spectroscopy, the phenol sulfuric acid method, and the Coomassie brilliant blue method of flocculant composition revealed that the polysaccharide flocculant was rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Strain FD-14 mainly secreted 65.96% polysaccharide substances, but the protein content was minimal, so it had strong heat stability. In this study, it could be concluded that bioflocculant-producing bacteria with high flocculating activity and flocculation might be used for flocculation of swine farm wastewater.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Flocculation
Controlled terms:Bacteriology - Chlorine compounds - Fermentation - Finite difference method - Infrared spectroscopy - Nitrogen - pH - pH effects - Phenols - Purification - Screening - Sewage - Sulfuric acid - Ultraviolet spectroscopy - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:16S rDNA gene sequencing - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - Bacterial fermentations - Coomassie Brilliant Blue - Dilution plate methods - Flocculant - Isolation and identification - Single-factor experiments
Classification code:452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 6.27e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Percentage 6.74e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Percentage 8.08e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.80e+02RPM, Time 1.51e+05s, Time 1.94e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20180204623861
Title:Effect of resting operation on recovery of clogging and its dynamics for virtual flow constructed wetlands
Authors:Tang, Ping (1); Xiang, Zeshun (1); Yu, Bohai (2); Zhou, Yongchao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Materials & Environments Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou; 310007, China; (2) The Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architeture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310007, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Yongchao(zhoutang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:234-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used in wastewater treatment. To understand the characteristic and the dynamics of the recovery of different clogging types for virtual-flow constructed wetland (VFCW), three vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW), fed glucose solution (bed1), starch suspension with (bed2) and without bacteriostat (bed3) were used to simulate different types clogging (clogging caused by biofilm, insoluble organic matter, and inert organic matter). The hydraulic conductivity and porosity of three VFCWs were measured regularly during the resting operation. The results indicated that the clogging caused by biofilm and organic matters can be recovered through applying resting operation. After resting for 15 days, the hydraulic conductivity recovery rate of the upper layer for bed 1 reached 500-600, and its hydraulic conductivity stabilized at 0.65cm/s. The recovery rate of lower layer (Q3, Q4 and Q5) decreased due to its higher initial value of hydraulic conductivity. The change of porosity had the same rulers. The main reason of clogging recovery of bed 1 were as follows: 1) the EPS was decreased, which made the biofilm became small and dispersive; 2) microorganisms enter an endogenous respiration state due to the short of nutrients, and endogenous respiration involves consumption of cell-internal substrate, which led to a loss of activity and slightly reduced biomass. Thus, the recovery dynamic can be deduced based on the rule of endogenous respiration rate. The result showed that the theoretical value and the measured value were in good agreement. For bed 2, the hydraulic conductivity increased greatly in the first 20 days of resting operation, and then stabilized at 1.2 cm/s. its recovery rate was more than 3000. Similarly, the hydraulic conductivity recovery rates of Q3, Q4 and Q5 decreased gradually. After the resting operation, the porosity of Q1, Q2 and Q3 increased greatly, and it reached 20%, 29%, 96% of the initial porosity. The porosity recovery rate reached 77%, 80%, 96% respectively. During the resting operation, the trapped particles were decayed in a humid environment, and the porosity of bed 2 increased greatly during the first 12 days resting. After later resting operation, with organic particles decay, the particles' bridging collapsed, which made the hydraulic conductivity of bed 2 increased greatly. Therefore, based on the organic compound biodegradation, its hydraulic conductivity recovery dynamics can be deduced. The result showed that the theoretical value and the measured value were in good agreement. The recovery of clogging caused by biofilm and organic matters respectively can be complete basically after resting operation for 9 and 20 days, respectively. The recovery of clogging caused by biofilm was much faster than that of clogging caused by insoluble organic matters. In the actual operation, the resting time should be considered according to the target of recovery rate and the condition of continuum running. On the other hand, it was also found that the clogging caused by inert particles can't be recovered through applying resting operation, which implies that clogging by inert particles is difficult to recover through applying resting operation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Recovery
Controlled terms:Biodegradation - Biofilms - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Dynamics - Hydraulic conductivity - Molecular biology - Organic compounds - Porosity - Suspensions (fluids) - Wastewater treatment - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Clogging - Conductivity recovery - Constructed wetlands - Constructed wetlands (CWs) - Endogenous respiration - Insoluble organic matter - Resting operation - Vertical flow constructed wetlands
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 462.5 Biomaterials (including synthetics) - 481.2 Geochemistry - 632.1 Hydraulics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.47e-02yr, Age 3.29e-02yr, Age 4.11e-02yr, Age 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Velocity 1.20e-02m/s, Velocity 6.50e-03m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20180204623852
Title:Photoelectric detection method for false smut fungal spore based on enrichment microfluidic chip
Authors:Yang, Ning (1, 2); Wang, Pan (1); Zhang, Rongbiao (1); Xu, Peifeng (1); Sun, Jun (1); Mao, Hanping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Rongbiao(zrb@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:161-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The fungal disease of false smut is research focus, which can spread around within short time and cause much loss of rice yield. However, there hasn't been any effective detection and prediction method. For this reason, we designed a set of sample interface, injection channel, enrichment detection area, electric pumping interface in one of the microfluidic chips. The sample interface is connected to the hose for the collection of fungal spores. The injection channel adopts the simple and gentle straight-through design with a fixed width, in order to achieve the barrier-free movement of the fungal spores in the channel, making it easy to clean the chip, and thus improving the recycle rate of the chip. The enrichment detection area is designed as a circular chamber. This design not only slows the drop rate of the spores, which therefore makes the spores arranged in the enrichment detection area efficiently, but it also matches the circular parallel light spot formed by the fiber output lens. In this way, we can reduce the interference and noise introduced by positioning the light source inaccurately and too large spot diameter. Electric suction interface accesses micro-pump pipeline, and compared to the inflatable design, the pumping design reduces the loss in the pump during the collection of spores. In order to make the fungal spores be arranged in the enrichment detection area correctly, the sample channel width was set in the experiment and the diameter of the enrichment detection area was optimized to meet the needs of fungal spore enrichment speed. The experimental results showed that the enriched detection zone had the best enrichment effect when the diameter was 2 000 μm. Then, a photoelectric detection system based on microfluidic chip was established in this paper. When the spore concentration of microfluidic chip was detected by photoelectric detection method, the system condition parameters mainly included light intensity and wavelength. Therefore, different concentrations of spores were tested by the spectrometer, and the results were analyzed to determine the optimal light source parameters of the detection system. The experiment was performed at the Jiangsu University Laboratory in April 2017, and the spores used in the experiment were obtained in the artificial climate room in Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry. We used the spectrometer, fiber and other structures to build the experimental platform for light intensity and wavelength optimization. According to the principle of light detection and the characteristics of light attenuation formed by different concentrations of spores in the enrichment area, the detection intensity with high sensitivity was screened. Taking the detection of the sensitivity performance of the spectrum as the target and considering the linearity, the detection wavelength was determined; the best light intensity was at 1.1×10<sup>4</sup>cd and the best wavelength was 650 nm. Finally, with strawberry grey mold spores as the object, we conducted an automated microfluidic chip enrichment and photoelectric detection experiment, and established a curve of spore concentration and absorbance based on the principle of enrichment and photo-detection. The experimental results showed that the detection method we proposed had a linear correlation coefficient of 0.992 9. The method of photoelectric detection of false smut fungal disease based on microfluidic chip realizes the efficient detection of spores concentration, which provides a theoretical foundation for the development of portable false smut disease detection equipment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fungi
Controlled terms:Diseases - Electric losses - Fluidic devices - Forestry - Light sources - Microfluidics - Models - Photoelectricity - Pumps - Sensitivity analysis - Spectrometers
Uncontrolled terms:Fungal - Linear correlation coefficient - Microfluidic chip - Photoelectric detection - Photoelectric detection systems - Sensitivity performance - Theoretical foundations - University laboratories
Classification code:618.2 Pumps - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 632.5.1 Microfluidics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-03m, Size 6.50e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20180204623846
Title:Inhibition effect of inhibitors on nitrogen transformation affected by interaction of soil temperature and water content
Authors:Zhou, Xuan (1, 2); Wu, Lianghuan (1, 2); Dai, Feng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) Zhejiang Aofutuo Chemical Limited Company, Shangyu; 312300, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Lianghuan(finm@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:106-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural intensification has led to high inputs of nitrogen fertilizers into cultivated land. Addition of urease and nitrification inhibitor to fertilizers can increase N uptake and reduce N losses, but field studies have shown that their efficiency varies greatly on the environmental conditions. Soil temperature and water content are key factors controlling urea hydrolysis in soils and are also key parameters for the variation in inhibition effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors. The objective of this study was to compare the inhibition effects of biochemical inhibitor combinations on soil nitrogen transformation, and to determine the effects of different soil temperature and water content on the inhibition of urea hydrolysis. We investigated the inhibition effect of combined biochemical inhibitors (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT/N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NPPT + 2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl) pyridine, CP) on urea-nitrogen transformation as affected by soil water content (60% and 80% water holding capacity, WHC) and soil temperature (15, 25 and 35℃) interaction in yellow clayey soil using an 30-day aerobic incubation test. Results showed that soil temperature and water content had significant effects on the inhibition effects of inhibitor combinations in yellow clayey soil (P < 0.05), especially soil temperature. With the increase of soil temperature, urea hydrolysis increased by the effective time of the combinations reduced, and the inhibition effect of urease and nitrification weakened accompanied by increase in nitrification. With the decrease of soil water content, urea hydrolysis tended to slow by the effective time of the combinations prolonged, and the inhibition effect of urease and nitrification increased accompanied by nitrification weakened. The urease inhibition rate (Day 1) and nitrification inhibition rate (Day 30) under different soil water content treatments ranked as 60%WHC> 80%WHC, and apparent nitrification rate (Day 30) ranked as 60%WHC< 80%WHC. The urease inhibition rate (Day 3) and nitrification inhibition rate (Day 30) under different soil temperature treatments ranked as 25℃>15℃>35℃, and apparent nitrification rate (Day 30) ranked as 25℃> 35℃>15℃. The urease inhibition rate (Day 3) under different biochemical inhibitor combinations ranked as U+NBPT> U+NPPT>U+NPPT+CP>U+NBPT+CP>U+CP, and nitrification inhibition rate (Day 30) ranked as U+CP>U+NBPT+CP> U+NPPT+CP>U+NPPT>U+NBPT, and apparent nitrification rate (Day 30) ranked as CK>U>U+NPPT>U+NBPT> U+NPPT+CP>U+NBPT+CP>U+CP. NBPT/NPPT or combined with CP treatments can effectively inhibit soil urease activity, and slow urea hydrolysis. CP or combined with NBPT/NPPT treatments can effectively inhibit the transformation of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N to NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, and keep high NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N content in soil for longer time under different soil temperature and water content conditions. Application of a new urease inhibitor NPPT alone or with CP had the similar inhibition effect of soil urea hydrolysis with that of NBPT. The optimum condition of soil temperature and water content by the application of biochemical inhibitor combinations in yellow clayey soil were 25℃ and 60%WHC, respectively. In conclusion, urea application combined with both urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor should be adopted in yellow clayey soil according to different soil temperature and water content conditions.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Fertilizers - Forestry - Hydrolysis - Metabolism - Nitrification - Nitrogen - Nitrogen compounds - Nitrogen fertilizers - Pyridine - Soil moisture - Temperature - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CP) - N-propyl - Nitrification inhibitor - Soil temperature - Soil water content - Triamides - Urease inhibitors
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20180204623841
Title:Experiment on influence of operating parameters on aeration performance in inverse umbrella aerator
Authors:Wang, Yong (1); Ming, Jiayi (1); Dong, Liang (1); Liu, Houlin (1); Liu, Jiawei (1); Wang, Wensheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Nanjing Beite Environmental Protection Equipment Manufacture co., ltd., Nanjing; 211500, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Liang(dongliang@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:67-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The inverse umbrella aerator is widely used in the waste water treatment process because of its simple structure, large action area, high energy use efficiency and so on. Depending on the rotating speed, immersion depth and liquid level of the inverted aeration aerator have a great influence on the aeration performance. In order to study the influence of parameters on the synergistic effect of inverted aeration machine aeration performance changes, in this study, an aeration performance rig was established for investigating the influence of the rotating speed, immersion depth, and liquid level to the aeration performance of the inverse umbrella aerator. To study the effect of rotating speed, the experiment was carried out under the condition with the constant liquid level and the same level between the impeller and the liquid surface. The standard oxygen mass transfer coefficient, the standard oxygen transfer rate and the standard aeration efficiency were analyzed at the rotating speeds of 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 r/min. To study the effect of immersion depth, we kept the other two variables unchanged, and analyzed the standard oxygen transfer rate and the standard aeration efficiency at the immersion depth of 5, 0, and-5 mm. To study the effect of liquid level, we kept the other two variables unchanged, and analyzed the standard oxygen transfer rate and the standard aeration efficiency at the liquid level of 200, 250 and 300 mm. An intermittent unsteady state method was used to measure the change of dissolved oxygen concentration with time. At the beginning of each test run, the sodium sulfite was added as a deoxidizer to the tap water and the cobalt chloride was added as a catalyzer to the tap water. The inverse umbrella aerator was rotating in a lower speed until the dissolved oxygen reached into zero level and the inverse umbrella aerator was kept in a constant speed until the dissolved oxygen reached the oxygen saturation. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the test section was measured by using a dissolved oxygen meter. The speed and the power were obtained by a torque meter. The least square regression analysis was used to deal with the aeration data in order to get the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. The oxygen mass transfer coefficient combined with the empirical coefficient can be transferred into the standard oxygen mass transfer coefficient. Through comparing the experimental data, the results showed that the standard oxygen mass transfer coefficient and the standard oxygen transfer rate were proportional to the speed. But the standard aeration efficiency had no clear relation with the speed. The dissolved oxygen concentration increased with the increase of operation time at the same speed while the increasing amplitude had the opposite trend. With the increase of the speed, the capacity of the impeller to the water was enhanced and the turbulence intensity on the surface and the re-oxygenation intensity in the bottom were increased, which resulted in the short time to reach the oxygen saturation, comparing with 150 r/min. The time needed to reach the oxygen saturation of 300 r/min was reduced by about 57%. The change in rotating speed, immersion depth and level height greatly affected the performance of the inverted aeration aerator. The increase in speed can increase the standard oxygen total transfer coefficient and standard oxygenation capacity of the inverted umbrella aerator. But the standard power efficiency of the upgrade had a ceiling, and the upper limit depended on the immersion depth. The immersion depth and liquid level had little effect on the total oxygen transfer coefficient and standard oxygenation capacity when inverted umbrella aeration machine at a low speed. Increasing the height of the liquid level increased the standard oxygenation capacity and standard power efficiency of the inverted umbrella aerator. Therefore, the study provides a certain reference for the economical operation of the inverse umbrella aerator.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Chlorine compounds - Dissolution - Impellers - Inverse problems - Liquids - Mass transfer - Oxygen - Oxygenation - Pressure - Regression analysis - Rotating machinery - Salinity measurement - Sodium compounds - Speed - Waste treatment - Wastewater treatment - Water - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Aeration efficiencies - Inverse umbrella aerator - Oxygen mass transfer - Oxygen transfer rate - Variable speed
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.2 Machine Components - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.70e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.70e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+02RPM, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20180204623838
Title:Vibration measure and analysis of crawler-type rice and wheat combine harvester in field harvesting condition
Authors:Gao, Zhipeng (1); Xu, Lizhang (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Wang, Yading (1); Sun, Pengpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Lizhang(justxlz@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:48-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The paper aimed at studying the vibration characteristics of combine harvester in field harvest and the vibration characteristics of combine harvester in different feeding conditions. Taking 4LZ-5.0E crawler-type rice and wheat full-feeding combine harvester manufactured by World Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd. as study objection, the investigation designed 12 measuring points on the body of the combine harvester to carry out vibration test by DH5902 dynamic signal testing and analysis system. The measuring points were located near the main working components and excitation sources according to the structural characteristics. In the experiment, the combine harvester worked at the speeds of 0, 0.72 and 1.14 m/s respectively. In the paper, only the speed of the combine harvester was changed by hydro static transmission (HST) while other operating parameters were fixed. The aim was to insure the changes in vibration conditions only caused by the changes in feeding quantities. In the research, the spectrum could be gotten from time-domain signal of measuring points by Fourier transform. The physical quantities could be obtained from spectrum diagrams such as vibration frequency of the signal, distribution and peak. In the analysis process, root mean square (RMS) value of vibration acceleration was designated as the assessment standard. And it was calculated by 1/3 octave band of each measurement point in the direction of X, Y and Z, which was obtained from the spectrum received by DH5902 dynamic signal testing and analysis system. The RMS values of vibration acceleration were used as the signs of the intensity of vibration. The analysis indicated that vibrating sieve, threshing cylinder, and engine were the main vibration sources in the forward-backward, left-right, up-down direction, respectively. The vibration caused by the reciprocating motions of cutter and vibrating sieve was an important part of the whole combine harvester vibration. The rotation of the threshing cylinder was the main source of the strong vibration of the front and back support, the drive shaft support. The vibration from vibration sources could be transmitted to each part of the combine harvester through the frame. The engine combustion excitation force was the main source to the vibration in up-down direction, and the cab could effectively reduce the vibration of high frequency (≥150 Hz), but the vibration of combustion excitation frequency (90.33 Hz) was 2.3 times as large as before. In the field experiment of wheat harvest, total vibration of the measuring points on header and the conveying trough respectively decreased by 25% and 39%. The cavity structure composed of header and the conveying trough absorbed some vibration when the crop was fed into it. The feeding of crop caused the magnifying of load on the drive shaft of conveying trough and threshing cylinder. When the feeding quantity was 2.44 kg/s, the total vibration of the measuring points of drive shaft on conveying trough and the threshing cylinder increased by 90% and 149% respectively compared with that when no crop was fed. But the space was filled when feeding quantity was increased to 3.87 kg/s, and the total vibration was decreased by about 15%. The paper suggests that vibration isolation device should be installed between vibrating sieve, threshing cylinder, engine and chassis frame. To reduce vibration, the feeding quantity of threshing cylinder should be constant and vibration isolation device should also be installed on the connection location of the chassis frame. The vibrations of the measuring points on the seat support, engine support and chassis frame are positively correlated with feeding quantity. The result provides a basis for reducing the vibration and improving the driving comfort of the crawler-type rice and wheat combine harvester.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Chassis - Combines - Combustion - Crops - Engine cylinders - Engines - Feeding - Harvesters - Harvesting - Plasma diagnostics - Sieves - Spectrum analysis - Time domain analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Different feeding quantities - Hydrostatic transmission - Noise - Root mean square values - Structural characteristics - Vibration characteristics - Vibrations - Wheat combine harvesters
Classification code:612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 932.3 Plasma Physics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 9.03e+01Hz, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.44e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.87e+00kg/s, Percentage 1.49e+02%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Velocity 1.14e+00m/s, Velocity 7.20e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20180204623867
Title:Design and experiment of shrimp backside cutting machine formed by belt clamping and conveying
Authors:Zhang, Xiuhua (1); Wang, Liguang (1); Yi, Jinggang (1); Wang, Zehe (1); Wang, Jie (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:284-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Shrimp backside cutting is an important pretreatment process of shrimp's mechanized peeling, which directly affects the realization of mechanical shelling. Aiming at the current situation of immature development of shrimp cutting and the shortage of backside cutting device in China, it is urgent to develop the shrimp cutting machine which is suitable for Penaeus vannamei and adapted to each level shrimp with different shape parameters. Furthermore, to develop a practical and reliable shrimp cutting equipment is of great significance to promote shrimp's mechanized processing. In this paper, a shrimp backside cutting machine formed by belt clamping and conveying has been designed and manufactured. This machine consisted of four main sections: the clamping and conveying mechanism, the adjusting mechanism of clamping angle-V, the fine-tuning mechanism of blade height, and the depth limiting and guiding parts. The basic requirement for clamping and conveying mechanism was to achieve continuous and stable gripping of the shrimp and to ensure the correct posture when getting on the shrimp's backside cutting and reduce the clamped body damage of shrimp. The clamping and conveying mechanism consisted of two sets of independent belt conveyor mechanism. The inner side of the belt was arranged in rows of tensioning wheels which led the conveyor belt, and the entire conveyor belt was driven by a stepper motor with a timing pulley with transmission ratio. The clamping angle V adjustment motion was accomplished by the angle adjustment and the gap compensation. The angle adjustment electric push rod drives the slider to slide up and down soon afterwards the bending rocker arm begins rotating, and the action produced torque to drive the belt base turn a certain angle, and then to achieve the adjustment action of the clamping V angle which formed by the two symmetrical belt. The gap compensation electric push rod drove the base pin to move left and right and then adjust the gap between the two symmetrical belts drive mechanism, and these actions ensured the space in the bottom of the V-shaped clamping unchanged ultimately. The depth limiting plate and the inverted U-shaped plate were mounted on the motor shield. The disc knife passed through the slot of the depth limiting plate to control the depth of the incision by adjusting the height of the blade leaking. Inverted U-shaped plate with different closed mouth on the two sides which was arranged at a certain angle on the above of the V-shaped clamping space, and the plate forms an inverted U-shaped and wedge-shaped space that converged along the movement of the shrimp. The depth limiting and guiding parts can straighten and guide the shrimp body and effectively ensure the depth and incision symmetry. Through the single factor test, it was illustrated that how the three key parameters that the clamping V Angle, conveying speed and cutting speed, to influence four evaluation indicators which were incision length, incision symmetry, incision depth and incision smoothing on the shrimp backside cutting machine. Furthermore the three key parameters have been optimized. An orthogonal test of three factors and three levels which had been arranged by Box-Behnken Design, the regression mathematical models of four evaluation indicators with three key parameters had been found. The variance analysis of the test results was carried out by using Design-Expert8.06 software. The satisfactory process parameters of the shrimp backside cutting machine had been obtained through the optimization analysis. The optimal combination of the process parameters were as follows: conveying angel of 33°, conveying speed of 285 mm/s, cutting speed of 1 250 r/min. From the results of predicting model, success rate of incision length was 92.46%, success rate of incision symmetry was 95%, success rate of incision depth was 91.83%, success rate of incision smoothing was 93.54%; The related verification experiment under the best combination of the process parameters was carried out, and the experimental results showed that the success rate of incision length was 92.5%, success rate of incision symmetry was 90.83%, success rate of incision depth was 90.0%, success rate of incision smoothing was 93.33%. By comparing the predicted results with experimental results, we concluded that the shrimp backside cutting machine can work reliably and stably under condition of the best parameter combination, and moreover all indicators can meet the requirements.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Shellfish
Controlled terms:Belt conveyors - Conveyors - Cutting - Cutting equipment - Design - Electric drives - Machinery - Mechanization - Optimization - Parameter estimation - Software testing - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Conveying mechanisms - Evaluation indicators - Optimal combination - Optimization analysis - Parameter combination - Pretreatment process - Shrimp - Transmission ratios
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 601 Mechanical Design - 692.1 Conveyors - 705.3 Electric Motors - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.08e+01%, Percentage 9.18e+01%, Percentage 9.25e+01%, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.25e+03RPM, Velocity 2.85e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20180204623851
Title:Winter wheat stripe rust remote sensing monitoring based on GF-1/WFV data
Authors:Wang, Limin (1); Liu, Jia (1); Yang, Fugang (1); Yang, Lingbo (1); Yao, Baomin (1); Gao, Jianmeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:153-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Stripe rust is a common disease of winter wheat, and accurate monitoring of stripe rust disease has great significance. By using the GF-1/WFV images on April 18, 2017 and combined with the analysis on stripe rust ground spectral data, this paper conducted estimation on the scope of winter wheat stripe rust in Xihua County of Henan Province with wheat stripe rust index (WSRI). The main contents of this study included identifying winter wheat area, identifying distribution of winter wheat varieties, calculating winter wheat stripe rust monitoring index, identifying distribution of disease, and verifying accuracy. Identification of winter wheat area was achieved by using weighted normalized differential vegetation index (WNDVI), and computation of WNDVI used images of 7 time phases, with the time scope from October, 2016 to April, 2017, one image each month. The distribution of winter wheat varieties was identified by dividing the thresholds of spectral brightness index (SBI). SBI is the sum of reflectances of 4 wave bands of WFV images. The areas with high thresholds were taken as the distribution areas of high stripe rust resistant varieties (Zhengmai series) and the areas with low thresholds were taken as the susceptible varieties of stripe rust (Aizhuang series). The acquisition of the threshold took the sample points of the ground observation as its basis. The identification accuracies of the variety distribution of different SBI points were tested respectively, and the node with the highest accuracy was taken as the threshold. By using observed spectrum of the ground observation, WSRI of the infected areas was calculated based on the average value of the reflectance of winter wheat observed with the same wave band as GF-1/WFV. The WSRI value of the winter wheat of the normal sample points was 0, and all the values of the infected sample points were larger than 0. The WSRI value was increasing with the increase of the infection degree of the disease, which was consistent with the actual observation results. It indicates that WSRI index has indicative function on winter wheat stripe rust, and it can be used in the remote sensing monitoring for the disease. WSRI index of WFV was calculated by using the methods and parameters specified in the National Industrial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Technical specification on remote sensing monitoring for crop diseases. And the scope of the WSRI index was between 0.15 and 20.73. The WSRI indices of the images were divided into 100 values with equal intervals, and then 101 node values were obtained. The images were divided 2 parts by using node value, and the accuracy was verified by using ground observation results. The node value with the highest accuracy was taken as the critical threshold between disease and non-disease, which was identified as 4.2 in this study. The pixels with the value higher than the threshold were the disease infected pixels. By doing so, the spatial distribution of the winter wheat infected with stripe rust could be obtained. The study results showed that, the method could objectively reflect the scope of occurrence of winter wheat stripe rust, and the extraction accuracy on infected area was higher than 84.0%. The user accuracy and mapping accuracy of extracting disease point of stripe rust were 86.4% and 82.1% respectively, and the user accuracy and mapping accuracy of extracting healthy point were 79.2% and 88.5% respectively. This method can meet the requirement of disease monitoring. This method is simple and easy to operate, and it shows the application potential of GF-1 images and WSRI indices in winter wheat stripe rust remote sensing monitoring.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Crops - Mapping - Monitoring - Pixels - Reflection
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution of disease - GF-1/WFV - Normalized differential vegetation indices - People's Republic of China - Recognition - Remote sensing monitoring - Stripe rust - Technical specifications
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.92e+01%, Percentage 8.21e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 8.64e+01%, Percentage 8.85e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20180204623865
Title:Short-term photovoltaic power forecasting for photovoltaic power station based on EWT-KMPMR
Authors:Li, Qing (1); Sun, Yiqian (1); Yu, Yongjun (1); Wang, Chen (1); Ma, Tianjiao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Company, Electric Power Research Institute, Grid Technology Center, Urumqi; 830000, China; (2) Xinjiang Railway Vocational and Technical College, Urumqi; 830000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:265-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As one of the renewable energy sources, photovoltaic generation technology has gradually become an important power generation method ranking only the second to the wind power generation technology, however, because of the uncontrollable influence factors that come from the day and night alternation and unstable meteorology condition, the output of photovoltaic power has intermittent and strong nonlinear characteristics unavoidably. At present, the short-term photovoltaic power forecast models in different areas are not same, and the physical forecasting method was used in the photovoltaic power station that is close to downtown and the area with rich meteorological observatory resources, however, due to its complex modeling and poor adaptivity, it is difficult to predict the photovoltaic station power output accurately when the weather changes suddenly. SVM (support vector machine) and other various computational intelligence methods have been used widely in the short-term photovoltaic power forecast, whose essence is to simulate operation law of the historical data to implement the photovoltaic power station output prediction, so it is still difficult to achieve a higher prediction precision when the data change severely or under abnormal weather conditions by the single forecasting method based on neural network. Based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT)-kernel minimax probability machine regression (KMPMR), a kind of combined forecasting method is proposed to improve the short-term photovoltaic power forecasting accuracy, and the photovoltaic output power on sunny days, cloudy days and rainy days is forecasted and analyzed respectively. EWT inherits the advantages of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform, and takes the advantages of strong theorization, small amount of computation and fewer decomposed modes. The KMPMR method achieves nonlinear data classification in the high-dimensional space with the help of kernel functions mapping, and minimizes the maximum probability of the classifier which was misclassified. Based on the advantages of EWT and KMPMR, at the same time, in view of the effect of the selection of training sample on effectiveness of the predicted results, the Corrcoef function is used to obtain the training samples whose photovoltaic power output and change characteristics are parallel to the data of the forecast day, and then the photovoltaic power sequence is decomposed into different AM-FM components with different characteristics by using EWT. Finally, the different KMPMR model is used to forecast each AM-FM component according to their respective characteristics, and the predictive value of each component is superimposed to obtain the final prediction result. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the prediction accuracy, with the reduction of MAE (mean absolute error) and RMSE (root mean square error) of 56.19% and 55.19%, 54.15% and 53.36%, and 76.33% and 78.43% compared with the SVM method on sunny days, cloudy days and rainy days. Compared with the EMD-KMPMR method, the MAE and RMSE can be reduced by 9.42% and 9.59%, 38.74% and 33.96%, and 64.52% and 65.70% respectively. In the end, the experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain a higher prediction in 3 kinds of weather by using the actual operation data of photovoltaic power station in Aksu area. In addition to this, through comparing the results of the 3 experiments, the improved prediction accuracy proportion of EWT-KMPMR method in the experiment of cloudy and rainy days is larger than that of sunny days. Therefore, the EWT-KMPMR method has a good application value for the photovoltaic power output prediction under non-conventional weather, which can effectively reduce the influence of randomness on photovoltaic power for the power grid safety and reliable operation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Electric power transmission networks
Controlled terms:Electric power generation - Forecasting - Image retrieval - Mean square error - Meteorology - Models - Photovoltaic cells - Photovoltaic effects - Power generation - Probability - Renewable energy resources - Sampling - Signal processing - Support vector machines - Thermoelectric power - Wavelet decomposition - Wavelet transforms - Weather forecasting - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:Combined forecasting - Computational intelligence methods - Empirical Mode Decomposition - Meteorological observatories - Minimax probability machine - Photovoltaic power stations - Power - RMSE (root mean square error)
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 3.87e+01%, Percentage 5.34e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+01%, Percentage 5.52e+01%, Percentage 5.62e+01%, Percentage 6.45e+01%, Percentage 6.57e+01%, Percentage 7.63e+01%, Percentage 7.84e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+00%, Percentage 9.59e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20180204623843
Title:Test on mechanical and leakage characteristics of mobile flood protection system
Authors:Chen, Shoukai (1, 2); Li, Huimin (1, 2); Wang, Yuanming (3); Guo, Lei (1, 2); Ding, Zelin (1, 2); Wang, Lunyan (1, 2); Sun, Biao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (2) Water Environment Governance and Ecological Restoration Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) Heilongjiang Province Administration Bureau of Three Rivers Construction, Harbin; 150081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Huimin(lihuimin3646@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:83-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The high level urban flood control system is the basic guarantee for the sustainable development of modern cities, and the beautiful water environment and river landscape are the important symbols of modern cities. The need of protection is increasing with rising population density in low-lying coastal and river areas in the last decades. Therefore, the demand for technical protection measures is growing. It means that the construction of flood control projects should not only meet the requirements of urban construction, but also meet the requirements of water and shore two-way landscape viewing and residents' and tourists' visiting. Recently, more and more mobile protection schemes are on the market promising to fit both requirements: protection in case of flooding and open access to the floodplain in the remaining time. The protection systems differ in material, construction, height, and permanent facilities. They can be divided in structures made of sandbags, plates, concrete elements, flaps, trestles, geomembrane containers, and so on. However, the application of mobile flood control wall in China is not much, and the lack of research on its technical performance is one reason to the constraints. Based on the actual engineering project, the seepage characteristics of the mobile flood control system, and force condition on the foundation of column and embedded parts are studied through the experiment of water storage and column loading test. The testing results show that: Firstly, the direct installation method and the reserved slot method of the mobile flood control wall can meet the requirements of construction technology and normal operation. The anchor plate and foundation are not integrated when using the reserved slot method, which is just like the anchor plate and concrete integrated into the component to insert the foundation. The stress conditions of reserved slot method of anchor plate are worse than direct installation method. So we recommend the direct installation method in construction practice. But the 2 installation methods run safely, because the actual stress values under normal impoundment have only small change, far from steel yield strength (335 MPa) and concrete ultimate tensile strain (100×10<sup>-6</sup>). Secondly, a water storage pool was constructed to test the leakage characteristics. The mobile flood protection wall leaks when the pool is filled with water and the leakage changes exponentially with the water level. The regression analysis of measured water level and observation time is performed. The leakage will accelerate when the water level exceeds 1.5 m, reaching 300 L/h at a level of 1.7 m. It indicates that the leakage problem is an important aspect that the mobile flood control system needs to solve in order to increase the water retaining height. Finally, the loading and unloading testing of single post (this load limit is 100 kN) shows that when loaded to 25 kN, the concrete around the embedded part has plastic deformation. When the loading reaches 97 kN, the tensile deformation born by the concrete is close to the ultimate tensile deformation. And in the whole loading and unloading process, post and steel are in the elastic phase, that is, the measured residual displacement of the post and the residual stress of the steel are caused by the plastic deformation of the concrete. In addition, the stress analysis of the loading and unloading process shows that the damage of the post-anchor plate-foundation system will start from the concrete around the anchor plate and gradually develops toward the surface of the water surface until the whole is destroyed. Therefore, the mobile flood control system engineering should pay full attention to the construction quality of concrete around anchor plate.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Concrete testing - Concretes - Control systems - Flood control - Floods - Foundations - Load testing - Loads (forces) - Mechanical properties - Plastic deformation - Plates (structural components) - Population statistics - Regression analysis - Strain - Stress analysis - Stresses - Sustainable development - Tensile strain - Unloading - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Anchor plate - Construction technologies - Displacement - Flood control projects - Flood protection - Seepage characteristics - Technical performance - Technical protection measures
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 412 Concrete - 442.1 Flood Control - 483.2 Foundations - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 731.1 Control Systems - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.00e+05N, Force 2.50e+04N, Force 9.70e+04N, Pressure 3.35e+08Pa, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 1.70e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20180204623864
Title:Structure and gas optimization for annular space of parabolic trough solar linear receiver
Authors:Zhang, Weiwei (1); Xue, Qicheng (1, 2); Nie, Jing (1); Cheng, Long (3); Wang, Jiabin (1); Song, Changzhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing; 100044, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Shangdu Power Generation Co., Ltd, Xilingol League; 027200, China
Corresponding author:Nie, Jing(57691038@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:257-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) is one of the most proven technologies in medium and high temperature solar thermal utilization field. The parabolic trough vacuum tube receiver, also called the heat collector element (HCE), plays a crucial role in the parabolic trough collector system. HCE performance directly affects the performance of solar energy heat utilization system. It is effective to improve the HCE performance by decreasing heat loss in annular space between the absorber and glass envelope. And right annulus gap size and pressure in annular space are important to decrease heat loss in annular space and improve the overall efficiency of the PTC. In order to optimize the annular space by using theoretical methods, a three-dimensional flow and heat transfer model is proposed. The cross-section profile of the solar energy flux on the outer surface of the absorber tube obtained by the SolTrace software is set as the thermal boundary condition in the model. To verify the validation of the model established in this paper, the thermal efficiency of PTC is calculated and compared with the experimental data obtained by literature. Satisfactory agreement is found and the average deviation between the simulation and the experiment is about 4.91%. On the basis of reliable results numerically simulated, the effects of the key parameters such as annulus gap size, pressure and filling gases on the heat-transfer characteristics of the receiver are numerically investigated under different conditions. Numerical simulation results indicate that temperature and radiation intensity distribution in annular space are not uniform because of the effects of non-uniform heat flux on the absorber tube wall. And thermal efficiency of PTC is significantly affected by annulus gap size. Average temperature of absorber tube's outer wall and glass envelope's inner and outer wall decreases with the increase of annular gap size. And heat loss in annular space decreases with the decrease of average temperature of glass envelope wall. Annular gas size below 20 mm can significantly affect the heat loss in annular space. Size above 20 mm, however, has slight influence on the heat loss in annular space. The HCE performance as a function of the pressure in the annular space is also studied. Average temperature of absorber tube's outer wall decreases and average temperature of glass envelope's inner and outer wall increases with the increase of annulus pressure. Annular pressures between 0.0001 and 0.01 Pa have slight influence on the HCE performance. But at annular pressure above 0.01 Pa, heat loss becomes a problem for HCE. Currently, the HCEs are manufactured with the annulus space under a vacuum of 0.01 Pa. The heat-transfer characteristics of the annular space are influenced by the type of gases in the annulus space. Average temperature of glass tube inner wall, as a function of annular pressure, is compared among air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen and argon filled in the annulus space. The inert gas with a low thermal coefficient, i.e. argon, results in the lowest average temperature of glass envelope inner wall and the best HCE performance. However, air provides only a slight improvement on HCE performance. Hydrogen increases average temperature of glass tube inner wall significantly. The encouraging results in this paper will provide a fundamental reference for researching heat-transfer characteristics in annular space and optimization design of the PTC.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Energy efficiency
Controlled terms:Argon - Cladding (coating) - Cooling systems - Electron tubes - Gases - Glass - Heat flux - Heat losses - Heat transfer - Inert gases - Optimization - Pressure - Radiation effects - Solar collectors - Solar energy - Structural optimization - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Gap size - Heat transfer characteristics - Linear receiver - Mannular space - Parabolic trough collectors - Parabolic trough solar collectors - Radiation intensity distribution - Thermal boundary conditions
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 812.3 Glass - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.91e+00%, Pressure 1.00e-02Pa, Pressure 1.00e-04Pa to 1.00e-02Pa, Size 2.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20180204623839
Title:Geometric parameters numerical calculation for energy saving volute cross sections of centrifugal pumps based on conservation of angular momentum
Authors:Yan, Jing (1, 2); Hu, Zanao (1, 2); Liu, Xiaobing (1, 2); Zhou, Xucheng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (2) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (3) Yongyi Pump Co. Ltd, Chengdu; 610300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:56-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Volute casings are extensively used in centrifugal pumps. Minimizing hydraulic losses generated in casings is an effective approach to improve pump efficiency. After water from impellers enters volute casings, as no external forces do work on the water, mechanical energy of water can't be increased. On the contrary, energy dissipation is inevitable due to the friction in casings. Based on previous research, it is found that hydraulic losses in volute can account for half of the total losses in the pump. Analysis revealed that, as the flow in the volute is fully rough flow of high Reynolds number, the friction loss is independent of Reynolds number, but is only determined by the relative roughness of casing wall and is proportional to the length of wetted perimeters of volute cross sections. However, in 2 leading conventional designs, i.e. the calculation based on statistical data and the theorem of conservation of angular momentum, the relationship between perimeters of casing cross sections and friction losses is always neglected and no effort has been made to shorten the perimeters as a measure to increase pump efficiency. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to minimize the cross sectional perimeters and the friction losses in the volute. In all figures with identical area, circle has the shortest perimeter. The new design method provided in this paper takes the geometrical advantages of circles and forms new volute cross section shapes, which is different from the commonly used traditional trapezoidal section. In meridional sections, as streamlines of flow from the impeller can not change their directions abruptly, 2 eddies may appear at volute entrance if the volute section is constructed using circles. That is why full circles are not applicable for pump volute design. In order to make use of circle advantages and avoid its side effect, this paper suggested 2 types of volute sections, which are neither circular nor trapezoidal. The flow rates passing different volute sections are not identical and are related to the section positions in the volute. For high flow rate sections, the new sections involve a trapezoid located at lower portion and a single arc located at upper portion, while for low flow rate sections, the sections are formed by quadrangles with curved sides. It is evident that the perimeters of both types of new cross sections are shorter than the corresponding perimeters of conventional trapezoidal sections. The volute section outlines are controlled by its geometrical parameters. The first step in the volute design process is calculating all these parameters. As the theorem of conservation of angular momentum is widely used for volute design, the sectional parameters in this paper are obtained based on this theorem. Due to the complexity of both types of volute cross sections, it is impossible to gain analytical solutions of the section parameters. Therefore, numerical calculations are employed for parameter establishment. The flow circulation at impeller exit at design point is determined, as well as the entrance width of the volute cross sections, the angle between 2 volute sides in the meridional section and the vertical plane, and the radius of the base circle; and among all geometrical parameters to be decided, only one parameter is dominant and others can be obtained by this crucial parameter. In the calculation process for a particular section of any type, the first step is to assume the dominant parameter and divide the section into finite small elements. The second step is to calculate the flow rates passing all individual elemental areas based on the theorem of conservation of angular momentum. The sum of all flow rates is the total discharge passing the section considered. The last step, in terms of the comparison between the calculated total flow rate and the specified flow rate for the particular section, is to adjust the previously assumed parameter properly and repeat the computing process until 2 flow rates become identical. As a result, the last assumed value for the parameter is the final solution. The principles and the detailed numerically calculating procedures for 2 types of cross sections are presented in this paper. Tests indicated that expected results can be achieved by using the new approach described in the paper, and the new method is applicable in volute designs.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:11
Main heading:Geometry
Controlled terms:Angular momentum - Centrifugal pumps - Design - Energy conservation - Energy dissipation - Flow rate - Friction - Impellers - Momentum - Pumps - Reynolds equation - Reynolds number - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Cross section shape - Effective approaches - Geometrical parameters - High Reynolds number - Mechanical energies - Numerical calculation - Parameter establishment - Volute
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 921 Mathematics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20180204623834
Title:Design of potato casingsoil planter in all-in-one machine combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching and planting line covering
Authors:Sun, Wei (1); Liu, Xiaolong (1); Zhang, Hua (1); Wang, Hucun (1); Tian, Bin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electromechanical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Bin(tianb@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:14-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting has been widely adopted as a drought resistant cultivation model of potato in the arid areas on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China in recent years. Research has shown that the technique increases the production by more than 20% compared with the open field cultivation. However, due to the lack of matching planting machine, the sectional operation is currently adopted, with film mulching and artificially dropping seeds. The mode is labor-consuming and has poor-quality work, which urgently calls for mechanized combined operation. Since the 1950s, potato production equipment has begun to develop in the direction of automation in many developed countries in Europe and America, potato planting machine has changed from the elementary semi-mechanization to the senior automation, and meanwhile great achievements have been made in technical level and basic theory research. After 1980s, potato planter has rapidly progressed in China. More than a dozen scientific research institutes or production units began to develop and produce potato seeder, and with the passage of time, the technology is maturing. Whole plastic mulching and furrow planting requires that adjacent film edge butts and the ridge as well as furrow should be completely covered with plastic film. The existing mulch film planting technology basically takes the way shoveling soil from membrane side. There is a bare strip between the films so as to shovel soil and to operate potato planter. It does not meet the requirement of whole plastic mulching and furrow planting. In order to solve the problems of releasing seedlings and dibbling artificially in potato mulching film cultivation, the growth-promoting mechanism of covering soil on plastic film is applied to potato high-yielding cultivation techniques of whole plastic-film mulching, and a potato planter combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching, planting line covering is designed. Aiming at the matching problem of widths that the width of the tractor is larger than the width of the planter, a hydraulic offset suspension device is designed. To solve the problems of wind damage, cavity dislocation and seedlings burnt caused by not having enough volume of covering soil, the device is designed which is suitable for whole plastic-film mulching machine, namely spanning type device of covering soil on plastic film. In view of the problem of poor seeding stability of traditional chain metering device, the seed metering system is optimized and improved. Sharp wing furrower is designed to make the soil strip and the seedlings belt aligned both up and down. A soil-crushing and reshaping device is designed to ensure the shape of ridges. A punch is designed to drill the holes for water seepage on the film surface of the ditch bottom and to effectively make use of the rainfall collected by rainwater collecting surface. The key components of the prototype are analyzed to determine the structure and working parameters of hydraulic offset suspension device, spanning type device of covering soil on plastic film, seed metering system, and soil-crushing and reshaping device. The working mechanisms of the key components are clarified too. Field experiments show that, the qualified rate of sowing depth under the mulching film is 86%, the qualified index of seed potato spacing is 89%, the reseeding and miss-seeding index are 5% and 4% respectively, the qualified rates of soil width and soil depth covered on planting line are 92% and 94% respectively, the qualified rate of adjacent row spacing is 86%, the mechanical damage degree of day lighting surface of plastic film is 48.1 mm/m<sup>2</sup>, and the spacing qualification rate of water-leaking hole is 96%. Field performance test indices have reached the requirements of the national and industry standards; moreover, the results meet the design requirements, and the machine can realize integrated operation of fertilization, sowing, ridging, whole film mulching and covering soil on planting line.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crops - Crushing - Design - Drought - Film growth - Hydraulic machinery - Machinery - Mechanization - Plastic films - Problem solving - Seepage - Soils - Suspensions (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Covering soil on planting line - Film mulching - Integrated Operations - Open field cultivations - Plastic film mulching - Potato planter - Scientific research institutes - Structure and working parameters
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20180204623853
Title:Rice panicle blast identification method based on deep convolution neural network
Authors:Huang, Shuangping (1); Sun, Chao (2); Qi, Long (2); Ma, Xu (2); Wang, Wenjuan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510641, China; (2) School of Engineering, South Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Corresponding author:Qi, Long(qilong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:169-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice panicle blast is one of the most serious diseases in the period of rice growth. To effectively identify the rice panicle blast is one of the important prerequisites for rice disease controlling. In this study, a novel identification method for panicle blast based on hyperspectral imaging technology is proposed. The method applies a deep convolutional neural network model GoogLeNet to learn the representation of hyperspectral image data and the binary panicle blast/non-blast classifier is trained as well in a unified framework. The GoogLeNet is 22-layer deep convolutional neural network, which repeatedly stacks basic Inception module to deepen and widen the network to enhance its representation power. The core Inception architecture uses a series of kernel filters of different sizes in order to handle multiple scales macro structure and all of filter parameters are learned. In our GoogLeNet model for the panicle blast identification, the filter sizes are set to 1×1, 3×3 and 5×5 based on the consideration of lesion microstructure size rendered on the rice spike. In order to reduce the expensive computing cost of 3×3 and 5×5 convolutions, an extra 1×1 convolution is used to reduce the map dimension in each branch of Inception module before 3×3 and 5×5 convolutions. Further, all the output filter banks are concatenated into a single output vector forming the input of the next stage. As these Inception modules are stacked on top of each other, features of higher abstraction are captured by higher layers. Finally, an average pooling layer plus a fully connected layer is stacked on the last Inception module and a softmax based classifier is used to predict the panicle blast. From the statement, feature and classifier learning are seamlessly integrated in a unified framework and both of them are trained jointly under the supervision of blast label, which makes the two reach the harmoniously optimal state and helps to improve the blast prediction performance. To verify the acclaim of the proposed GoogLeNet method, a total of 1 467 fresh rice panicles covering more than 71 cultivars are collected from an experimental field for the performance evaluation. The experimental field is located in regional testing area for the evaluation of rice cultivars in Guangdong Province. Therefore, all the rice plants in this area are naturally inoculated as the area is a typical source of rice blast fungus. The hyperspectral images of all the rice panicles are acquired using outdoor portable GaiaField-F-V10 imaging spectrometer. In consideration that the spatial resolution is large, we coarsely crop the background area. Then the average spectrum images are computed, acting as the original input of the deep GoogleNet network. Two-class label of hyperspectral image sample is determined by plant protection expert according to the description of blast infection. In our experiments, totally 200 samples are randomly selected for test, with 100 for infected and non-infected class respectively. The rest are for training. When the training samples are scarce, deep GoogLeNet model is easily trapped in the overfitting, worsening the panicle blast prediction performance. To this end, we proposed 2 data augmentation methods, i.e., the method of randomly abandoning single band and the method of randomly translating luminance of average hyperspectral image. The combination of 2 methods can produce hundreds of thousands of data sample pairs. The rich and diverse samples are used to train the deep convolutional model to reduce the overfitting and improve the prediction results. Experimental results show that the proposed GoogLeNet based method achieves a high classification accuracy of 92.0%. This result is much better than the recent state-of-art BoSW (bag of spectra words) method, demonstrating the proposed GoogLeNet method together with the 2 data augmentation techniques solves the panicle blast identification problem under the situation of outdoor hyperspectral image collection. Moreover, the proposed GoogleNet BoSW based method demonstrates strong robustness to rice cultivars, which is vital for the wide and practical application. This research improves the classification accuracy of rice panicle blast identification and overcomes the difficulty caused by the hyperspectral image collection under the natural light outdoor. This work will advance the research of panicle blast identification to the practical application of production with a big step.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Convolution - Deep neural networks - Diseases - Forecasting - Hyperspectral imaging - Image enhancement - Imaging techniques - Independent component analysis - Models - Neural networks - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Convolution neural network - Convolutional neural network - GoogLeNet - Hyperspectral image datas - Hyperspectral imaging technologies - Identification problem - Prediction performance
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 746 Imaging Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.20e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20180204623837
Title:Revised design and experiments on brush-rolling cotton harvester
Authors:Huang, Mingsen (1); Shi, Lei (1); Zhang, Yutong (1); Chen, Changlin (1); Sun, Yongfei (1); Xie, Qing (1); Kong, Fanting (1); Wu, Chongyou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Lei(shileijsnj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:41-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To improve the working quality of the brush-rolling cotton harvester and to meet the requirement of the ginnery of the seed cotton picked by stripping-type cotton harvester, the article optimized the working parameters of the brush roller and added the recycling structure matched with the brush roller, based on the problem in the trials of the 4MZ-3B brush-rolling cotton harvester. Also, the improvements included the structure of the cotton pushing roller, the cotton-boll separating and cotton conveying pipe, the airflow-cotton separating apparatus and the machine-mounted pretreating apparatus. Based on these the new 4MZ-3C brush-rolling cotton harvester was formed and the comparative trials were conducted in Anyang, Henan. Compared with 4MZ-3B brush-rolling cotton harvester, the 4MZ-3C type raised the picking rate and the recycling rate of cotton boll by 3.42% and 74.57%, respectively, and lowered the loss rate from falling of cotton, the rate of hanging cotton, the missing rate of cotton, the loss rate from cleaning impurities, and the impurity rate by 0.85%, 0.89%, 1.05%, 0.63% and 3.71%, respectively. The optimization of the working parameter, which was mainly the revolution speed of the brush roller, and the installation of the recycling structure directly optimized the picking rate and lowered the loss rate from falling of cotton, the rate of hanging cotton, and the missing rate of cotton, due to the enhancement of the picking ability and the efficient recycling mechanism. By reducing the contact area of the roller at the radial direction, the modified cotton pushing roller could avoid the blocking of the inlet of the air conveying pipe for cotton boll separation, which was caused by vine plants collected in the field twining with the roller, reducing the chance of the machine halt. The improvement of the cotton-boll separating and cotton conveying pipe from air-blowing type to air-suction type could form an appropriate negative pressure area at the inlet of the pipe to pull seed cotton and separate cotton-boll form it, and effectively increase the recycling rate of cotton boll and avoid cotton bolls to enter the machine-mounted pretreating apparatus, which would cause adverse influence on cleaning performance and the rank of seed cotton. The improvement of the airflow-cotton separating apparatus from mesh box type to tangent-guided type could perfectly separate air flow from seed cotton, and make sure that seed cotton could enter the cotton cleaner mounted on machine smoothly and with little airflow, and at the same time, solve the problem of transition between the air conveying pipe for cotton boll separation and the cotton cleaner mounted on machine. The machine-mounted pretreating apparatus was modified as one-cleaning and two-recycling type from one-cleaning and one-recycling type, the new type had 3 cleaning units, and a new configuration of them was made to make the best use of its cleaning ability to reduce the impurity rate and the loss rate of cleaning. China had a planting area of 3 796 690 hm<sup>2</sup>in 2015, while the mechanized harvesting area was only 704 620 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 18.56%, which urgently needs change. The new 4MZ-3C brush-rolling cotton harvester has the advantage such as low price, friendly maintainability and wide adaptability, and every index of it is better than the operation standard of cotton harvester, which can perfectly meet the requirement of cotton harvesting mechanization.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Air cleaners - Cleaning - Design - Harvesters - Impurities - Machinery - Mechanization - Optimization - Recycling - Rollers (machine components)
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton harvesting - Efficient recycling - Mechanized harvesting - Negative pressures - Radial direction - Revolution speed - Seed cotton - Working parameters
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.05e+00%, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 3.42e+00%, Percentage 3.71e+00%, Percentage 6.30e-01%, Percentage 7.46e+01%, Percentage 8.50e-01%, Percentage 8.90e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20180204623833
Title:Development status and countermeasures of agricultural aviation in China
Authors:Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2, 3, 4); Ming, Rui (1, 2, 3); Zang, Yu (1, 2, 3); He, Xingang (1, 2, 3); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2, 3); Lan, Yubin (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Academy of Agricultural and Applied Engineering, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) National Joint Research Center for Precision Agricultural Aviation Application Technology, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance for Agricultural Aviation, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Southern Grain and Oil Crops Collaborative Innovation Center, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-13
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural aviation is one of the most important parts of modern agriculture. In order to understand the development status and trend of Chinese agricultural aviation industry comprehensively and in depth, and reflect the difficulties and problems that the whole industry need to face recently, the secretary department of China Agricultural Aviation Industry Alliance (CAAIA) organized to publish the Report on Industry Development of Agricultural Aviation in China (2016), which will enhance public understanding and awareness of agricultural aviation, and promote the rapid and healthy development of agricultural aviation industry. The paper summarized the development and application of Chinese agricultural aviation industry in recently years, mainly involving manned aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The overall situation of Chinese agricultural aviation was presented; some statuses, for example, the flight time used in agricultural aviation has been grown steadily, and the development of unmanned aircraft has shown a pleasant increasing tendency, were analyzed. The main problems to be solved in Chinese agricultural aviation in industry standards, laws and regulations system, the core technology, the main supporting business and social services, and other aspects, were pointed out. As the chain of Chinese agricultural aviation industry is still imperfect, many areas are still in blank or start-up stage, including application requirements like agricultural aircraft manufacturing, leasing, intermediary, training and other auxiliary operational support, maintenance services and promotion, financing, insurance and other application requirements. At the same time, the main problems that need to be solved instantly show that there are the lagging construction industry standards and a perfect system has not yet been formed for agricultural aviation standardization; policies and regulations related to agricultural aviation are not well organized; due to the research funding shortage, the core and key technology researches on agricultural aviation lag behind its application; the immature development pattern has caused a weak service ability of social organization; and the small enterprise scale brings about the unreasonable industrial structure, and disorderly competition happens on the market sometimes. Then, aiming at the above problems, from management, pattern, standard, innovation, application and policy, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the healthy development of Chinese agricultural aviation industry, mainly including 6 aspects: To further clarify the management measures, to further explore the development pattern, to further strengthen the formulation of standards and collaborative innovation of key technologies for agricultural aviation, to further promote the aerial application in agriculture, and to further issue the policies that are good for the industry development. These can guide the development of agricultural aviation industry and provide a reference for the government. In the next 3 five-year plans, the development goals of Chinese agricultural aviation industry should be as follows: The overall level should be at the same pace with the developed countries, and furthermore, it is expected to reach the "leading" status for the agricultural unmanned aircraft operations.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Aviation - Civil aviation - Competition - Construction industry - Economic and social effects - Fighter aircraft - Industrial research - Innovation - Laws and legislation - Remote sensing - Standardization - Standards - Training aircraft - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural aircraft - Application requirements - Collaborative innovation - Development and applications - Formulation of standards - Industrial structures - Plant protection - Unmanned aviation vehicle
Classification code:405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 431.1 Air Transportation, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 912.1 Industrial Engineering - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20180204623870
Title:Process optimization for preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose by homogeneous etherification of wheat straw
Authors:Yang, Quangang (1); Zhuge, Yuping (1); Qu, Yang (1); Liu, Chunzeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Zhuge, Yuping(zhugeyp@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:307-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized from wheat straw cellulose by a homogeneous reaction. The main process was as follows: wheat straw was cut into 1-2 cm-long pieces, rinsed with water 3-5 times to remove dust and other impurities, and washed first with deionized water for a further 3-5 times and then with boiling distilled water. The wheat straw was then preliminarily treated for 1 h, and dried in an oven. Crushing was then performed using a high-speed grinder with a 40-mesh screen to obtain the wheat straw powder. Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide were used to treat the wheat straw powder to obtain cellulose. An alkali/urea/thiourea system was used to dissolve ZnO. The extracted wheat straw cellulose was dissolved by freezing and melt circulation, following which the cellulose was stored for 4 h at-20℃, then thawed, and a clear cellulose solution was obtained by rapid stirring in an ice water bath. The optimal composition of the alkali/urea/thiourea aqueous solution was obtained through orthogonal experiments. The orthogonal design were four factors, five levels. The four factors with five levels were sodium hydroxide (5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9%), thiourea (5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13%), urea (5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13%), and zinc oxide (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%). After dissolving wheat straw cellulose with the optimal dissolving system, CMC samples were prepared with sodium chloroacetate. The CMC samples were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the degree of substitution (DS). The results can be summarized as follows: first, the wheat straw powder was treated at a solid-liquid (10% NaOH solution) ratio of 1: 20 g/mL, at a reaction temperature of 85℃, reflux time of 3.5 h, and with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, followed by treatment with a 10% hydrogen peroxide solution. For the reaction conditions of a solid-liquid (the wheat straw powder treated with 10% NaOH and 3% H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>) ratio of 1: 30 g/mL, at a reaction temperature of 85℃, and a reflux time of 3 h, the highest proportion of cellulose that can be extracted from the wheat straw was 84.61 %. The removal rate of hemicellulose was 84.44%, while that of lignin was 91.14%. In the orthogonal experiment, we assessed the influence of the R value of each factor on the experimental indicators, with a greater R value indicating a greater impact. The R values for the dissolution system (NaOH, thiourea, urea, ZnO) were 1.190 7, 0.217 4, 0.170 8, and 0.219 9, respectively; thus, the most influential factor was NaOH, followed by ZnO, thiourea, and urea with minimal impact. Variance analysis also showed that NaOH was the most influential factor, followed by ZnO. After comparing NaOH, thiourea, urea, and ZnO at the level of solubility, a comprehensive consideration of the cost and environmental factors can be developed. The optimum values of the mass fraction for the solution components were 7%, 11%, 5%, and 0.05% for NaOH, thiourea, urea and ZnO, respectively, for a total solubility of 2.8801 g. The FTIR spectra of the cellulose straw and cellulose showed characteristic absorption peaks of pure cellulose. The etherification reaction of wheat straw cellulose results in the formation of CMC. The characteristic absorption peaks of wheat straw CMC and pure CMC were very similar. The DS of CMC was dependent on the cellulose dosage, temperature, and the molar ratio of sodium chloroacetate to cellulose AGU. Increased cellulose dosage, molar ratios of sodium chloroacetate to cellulose AGU, and temperature initially increased the DS and then caused it to decrease. For a temperature of 55℃, the amount of cellulose is 2.8 g, the molar ratio of sodium chloroacetate and cellulose AGU is 10.5: 1, and the DS is the highest at 0.45.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Sodium compounds
Controlled terms:Caustic soda - Cellulose - Deionized water - Dissolution - Extraction - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Hydrogen peroxide - Metabolism - Nitrogen compounds - Optimization - Oxidation - Peroxides - Removal - Sodium - Solubility - Solutions - Straw - Thioureas - Urea - Zinc compounds - Zinc oxide
Uncontrolled terms:Carboxymethyl cellulose - Characteristic absorption - Degree of substitution - Environmental factors - Etherification reactions - Orthogonal experiment - Reaction temperature - Sodium hydroxide solutions
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.80e-03kg, Mass 2.88e-03kg, Mass_Density 2.00e+04kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e+04kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.50e-01%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-02%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 8.44e+01%, Percentage 8.46e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Percentage 9.11e+01%, Time 1.08e+04s, Time 1.26e+04s, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20180204623855
Title:Experiment on heating system combined shallow geothermal energy with solar wall in winter
Authors:Yang, Tingting (1); Jiang, Shuguang (1); Yang, Jun (1); Zhang, Junlong (1); Yang, Liangliang (2); Song, Xupeng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy & Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) China Construction Three Bureau Group Co Ltd, Wuhan; 430064, China; (3) Government Offices Administration of the Tacheng City Yumin County, Tacheng; 834800, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Shuguang(jsg99999@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:183-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Passive solar energy heating technology of the solar wall using air as heat-conducting medium for heating has been widely applied, with the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high heat collecting efficiency, and is suitable for non centralized heating of the rural residence in the severe cold area of Xinjiang, China. However, due to the instability and dispersion of solar energy, some problems of poor stability and comfortlessness gradually occurred in the application of the passive solar house. Therefore, we should consider the rational design of the basement and compensate for the instability of solar energy by using the relatively stable characteristics of the temperature of surrounding shallow soil. Combined with the solar heat collecting wall, the indoor temperature at night in winter or on rainy days would be enhanced, and the heating effect of the solar house in winter would be improved. A system of shallow geothermal energy combined with the solar collecting wall was proposed, and a solid model of 1: 1 in Shihezi area was built in this paper. On the sunny day in winter, the glass cover-plate and the heat collecting plate of the solar wall system absorbed the solar radiation to heat internal air of the air bay layer. When it reached a certain temperature, the ventilation scoop of solar collecting wall made hot air into the interior, which would then make the indoor convection. Then the control valve of the basement vents was opened to store redundant heat there. At night, the wall was closed and the air vent was opened in the basement. The heat stored in the basement and accumulated in the shallow soil was transported to the upper space so as to heighten the indoor air temperature. Heating test was carried out in passive solar house in Shihezi with the system, and the indoor thermal environment was comparatively analyzed under different heating modes (C1, C2, C3) and different weather conditions (sunny, cloudy). Among them, C1 was the control room without any heating measure; C2 was the test room with closed roof vents of basement, only considering the heating effect of south heat collecting wall; C3 was the test room using the heating mode of combining the shallow geothermal energy with solar wall. The experiment results showed that the average temperature in the house with the C3 heating mode was higher than that in the contrast house, and daily range of temperature was 3.5℃; on sunny day, the test room had 5 hours in which the temperature was over 12℃; when it was cloudy, the temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor of the solar room remained 9.52℃; when the outdoor weather condition was sunny and the AQI (air quality index) was within the limits of the secondary standard, the requirements of the indoor temperature in the test room could be met only relying on the system combining shallow geothermal energy with solar wall in October, November, and March and April next year that were within the heating period, and the energy-saving effect was remarkable.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Air quality - Air quality standards - Buildings - Collector efficiency - Energy conservation - Environmental testing - Geothermal energy - Heat conduction - Houses - Meteorology - Plates (structural components) - Solar buildings - Solar energy - Solar heating - Space heating - Temperature - Testing - Vents - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Basement - Heat-conducting medium - Indoor thermal environments - Outdoor weather conditions - Shallow geothermal energies - Solar walls - Stable characteristics - Temperature differences
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.3 Residences - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 481.3.1 Geothermal Phenomena - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.1 Space Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 902.2 Codes and Standards
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.80e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20180204623868
Title:Fabrication of sensor array based on quartz crystal microbalance and its detection for egg shelf life
Authors:Deng, Fanfei (1); Wang, Jun (1); Chen, Wei (1); Wei, Zhenbo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jun(jwang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:292-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Egg has become an indispensable food product in our daily life, which contains large amounts of protein and balanced nutrition for body development. One of the major concerns of the egg industry is to determine the freshness of eggs in an efficient and nondestructive way. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensors have received more attention in recent years, which provide a simple and nondestructive method to test egg samples by sensing the volatiles released by whole eggs. By measuring the resonance frequency shift caused by the adsorption process, nanogram-level mass change can be detected, and the gas samples can be easily estimated. QCM technique has been widely used in the field of gas detection because of its high sensitivity, low operating temperature and facile operation. In this study, a QCM sensor array with 4 different surface modified QCM sensors, i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) and polyaniline nanocomposite (PANI), was fabricated by dip coating method. The frequency shift of sensors in the process of absorption and desorption was monitored by a self-made frequency measurement system. The morphologies of sensitive materials were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and the number of sensitive materials coating layers was firstly optimized. To balance both the sensitivity and the response time, 4 layers of CNTs, 4 layers of graphene, 5 layers of CuO and 5 layers of PANI, were determined to be deposited on the surface of the QCM sensors, which together formed a QCM sensor array, and were applied in further study. Then the gas sensing properties of the 4 sensors were tested by ethanol vapor, which is one of the volatiles existing in stale eggs. The result demonstrated that the frequency shift of the QCM sensors was stable when responding to the same concentration of ethanol, and with the increase of ethanol concentration, the frequency shifts of the QCM sensors increased gradually and showed a linear relationship with the vapor concentration, which exhibited promising repeatability, reversibility and good sensitivity. The sensitivity of the 4 sensors was 2.31 (CuO), 2.05 (CNTs), 1.70 (PANI) and 1.37 Hz/(mg/kg) (Graphene), respectively. Moreover, the long-term stability of the 4 sensors was all above 85% during 30 days' test. The experiment results validated the reliability of the fabricated QCM sensor array so that it could be used in the evaluation of eggs. In further application, the sensor array was used to detect eggs with different shelf lives. The responding curve of frequency shift in the sensor was extracted as the feature for statistics analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed to classify eggs with different shelf lives. The first 2 PCs of PCA explained 84.88% of total variations and could represent the original data. The discrimination results of LDA outperformed the results of PCA, which separated all classes of data points completely in the plot. LDA method exhibited a good classification accuracy with 100% in the original data and 98.8% in cross-validation procedure. As for the prediction of shelf life of egg, partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to establish a regression model and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression model were employed as the criteria of the regression model. The kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) was used to solve the nonlinear relation in original dataset. The PLSR regression model showed a good prediction performance, in which the R<sup>2</sup>increased from 0.847 4 to 0.954 7 and the RMSE decreased from 3.026 8 to 1.666 1 d after KPCA was introduced. It could be concluded that the fabricated QCM sensor array is effective for the evaluation of eggs with different shelf lives, offering a sensitive, nondestructive and simple method to evaluate the shelf life of eggs.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Quartz crystal microbalances
Controlled terms:Carbon - Carbon nanotubes - Chemical sensors - Coatings - Copper compounds - Copper oxides - Discriminant analysis - Electric frequency measurement - Ethanol - Fabrication - Gas detectors - Gas sensing electrodes - Gases - Graphene - Mean square error - Models - Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) - Polyaniline - Principal component analysis - Quartz - Regression analysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Sensors - Yarn
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Field emission scanning electron microscopes - Frequency measurement systems - Kernel principal component analyses (KPCA) - Linear discriminant analysis - Nondestructive detection - Partial least square regression - Shelf life
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 708.2 Conducting Materials - 761 Nanotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 813.2 Coating Materials - 819.4 Fiber Products - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 8.49e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.88e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20180204623858
Title:Model of heating load of anaerobic fermentation tank and test on its influencing factors of biogas plant
Authors:Shi, Huixian (1); Meng, Xiangzhen (1); Zhang, Di (1); Zhu, Hongguang (1); Zhang, Yalei (1); Xu, Detian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:210-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Calculation accuracy of heating load in mixed anaerobic fermentation tank is related to design rationality, stability and economic operation of the whole system, so it is very important to master the heating load model and understand the influence of main factors on its characteristics. Aiming at the heat process of the whole mixed anaerobic fermentation tank of the actual biogas project in Shanghai, physical and mathematical model of heating load was established. Five indicators, i.e. monthly average load percentage, monthly heat dissipation rate of the envelope, monthly mean daily capacity of the pool, total heating load of pool capacity and designed heating load of pool, are used to analyze the size of heating load of the various components and the impact on the annual heat. The heating load of the biogas project mainly includes the feeding load and the heat dissipation of the envelope, in which the heating load of the feed liquid is related to the feeding amount, the feeding temperature and the temperature of the fermentation tank. The heat dissipation of the envelope is mainly related to the fermentation temperature, pool body structure materials, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between the heating load characteristics and the fermentation temperature. This study takes a small fermentation tank with a volume of 15 m<sup>3</sup>in Jiading Campus of Tongji University in Shanghai as the study object. The temperature of the fermentation tank is (25±1), (30±1) and (35±1)℃, the total feeding amount is 750 kg per day, and the feeding time is between 10: 00 and 10: 30. It is concluded that the heat dissipation capacity of the envelope is larger than that of the feeding load, and the total heating load is closely related to the temperature of the fermentation tank, the ambient temperature and the temperature of the liquid. The effects of different fermentation temperatures and top film thicknesses of the insulation layer on the heating load show that the heating loads in Shanghai area under the fermentation temperature of (30±1) and (35±1)℃ are respectively 1.54 and 1.94 times that under the fermentation temperature of (25+1)℃. Compared with the fermentation temperature of 30℃, the total heating load under the fermentation temperature of 35℃ is increased by about 40%, while the heat is gotten more difficultly, and the heat pump unit COP (coefficient of performance) decreased by about 0.6 when the temperature of inlet water at source side is same, so the fermentation temperature with economic effects is determined as 30℃. At present, for large and medium-sized biogas project in China, the appropriate insulation measures are used in the bottom of pool and around the pool wall, but between the top of the membrane and the atmosphere the insulation measures are not taken, and the heat dissipation of the top of the pool is much larger than the pool and the bottom. The effects of different thicknesses of roof membrane's rubber insulation layer of 0, 25, 50 and 75 mm on the heating load show that the heat dissipation load reduction rates of heat retaining structure are 67.99%, 16.49% and 7.28% respectively after the thickness of rubber insulation layer is increased by 25 mm in sequence, and the reduction rates of the total heating load are 48.02%, 7.17% and 2.85% respectively, so it is determined that the economic insulating layer thickness of top film is 50 mm in Shanghai area. The relative error is between 0.6% and 7.8% according to the comparison between the model and actual engineering test results of heating. The results can provide a reference for the calculation of the heating load of the biogas project and the thickness of the insulation layer.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Biogas - Feeding - Fermentation - Heat pump systems - Insulation - Lakes - Loading - Roofs - Rubber - Structural design - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Calculation accuracy - Coefficient of Performance - Designed heating load - Dissipation capacity - Economic operations - Fermentation temperature - Heat dissipation rates
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 413 Insulating Materials - 522 Gas Fuels - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 619.2 Tanks - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 818.1 Natural Rubber
Numerical data indexing:Mass 7.50e+02kg, Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 2.85e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-01% to 7.80e+00%, Percentage 6.80e+01%, Percentage 7.17e+00%, Percentage 7.28e+00%, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.50e-02m, Volume 1.50e+01m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20180204623836
Title:Design and test of 1JHL-2 type straw deep burying and returning machine
Authors:Lin, Jing (1); Ma, Tie (1); Li, Baofa (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Colleage of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:32-40
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop straw is one of the main wastes in agricultural production; it contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. Crop straw resource in China is very rich, the current annual output of crop straw is about 6×10<sup>8</sup>-8×10<sup>8</sup>t. However, only 1/4 of the straw are returned to field, some are used for animal feed, or for fuel, but a large number of straw are burned, or piled up or abandoned. This not only wastes valuable resources, but also causes environmental pollution. For example, the burning of straw will cause soil water evaporation, soil structure destruction, the soil compaction, the soil fertility decline, and deteriorate of soil ecological system accompanied by a crop yield decline. In recent years, with the continuous promotion of conservation tillage, straw returning is gradually accepted by farmers, and the proportion of harvested straw used for returning to the fields has been increasing year by year. The straw returning has benefit to the soil physical and chemical properties. Straw deep bury could facilitate nutrient release through decomposition process, increase soil organic matter content, reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and improve soil structure, water retention and aeration. Farmers in the three Northeast provinces of China always use small tractor to till their land in recent year, leading to problems of shallow plough layer, soil compaction, and reduction of soil water storage capacity. In view of this phenomenon, combined with the deep straw returning technology, it is needed to develop a machine that is suitable for soil conditions of the Northeast provinces. In order to improve the structure of soil layer, soil water storage, fertilizer use efficiency and increase in organic matter, and solve the problem of straw returning mode of rain fed land in Northeast China, we designed and manufactured 1JHL-2 type returning corn straw machine, which mainly consisted of straw crushing device, conveying device, disk opener, spiral type opener, hopper device, covering device and pressing device. It can complete the straw collection, deep ditching, straw returning, covering and packing. This machine is suitable for the technical requirement of reasonable arable layer in the brown soil region of the South Central Plain of the Northeast Plain. Compared with the other traditional straw collecting machines, this one is quite different on method of collecting straw. It combined the collecting and transporting device to collect and transport the straw, Stubble cleaning device had high rotation speed and it could produce strong negative pressure, this negative pressure picked up the straw to the dam-board, then gathered on the aggregate plate, waiting for the elastic claw. The stubble device operating width is 120 cm, the conveying device operating width is 80 cm. The ditching device adopted a spiral cutter type furrower, with 40 cm furrow width and 30 cm trenching depth. This machine collected two ridge straw and bury in furrow, realized interleave deeply bury. It can not only meet the technical requirements of deep straw returning to the field, but also reduce the consumption of mechanical power. Based on the analysis of straw throwing speed by conveying device and soil particles relative to the spiral type opener device speed and force analysis, the final dimension parameters of the system were determined. Through the kinematics analysis of the key components, the detailed motion parameters were optimized: the stubble shaft speed is 1 620 r/min, Y type of flail knife line speed is 40 m/s, and the speed of conveyor belt is 1.416 m/s. Through five group field tests, under the condition of machine speed of 3 km/h, the ditching device speed of 270 r/min, ditching depth of 28 cm, straw shredding and the qualified rate was 93.5%, the average value of straw buried rate was 92%. We concluded that this machine can complete straw collection, deep buried, repressing joint operations. It not only could achieve deep buried straw, enhance soil organic, realize the coexistence of weak and solid topsoil structure, but also provide reference for optimizing design and evaluation of straw deep bury and returning machine.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Belt conveyors - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Chemical analysis - Compaction - Crops - Design - Fertilizers - Kinematics - Landforms - Machine design - Organic compounds - Porosity - Soil conservation - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Soils - Speed - Trace elements - Water aeration
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Environmental pollutions - Kinematics analysis - Reasonable plough layer - Soil organic matter contents - Soil physical and chemical properties - Soil water evaporation - Spiral style opener
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 692.1 Conveyors - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.62e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.70e+02RPM, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 2.80e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m, Velocity 1.42e+00m/s, Velocity 4.00e+01m/s, Velocity 8.33e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20180204623849
Title:Relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and runoff and sediment yield on sand-covered slope in rainfall simulation study
Authors:Tang, Shanshan (1); Li, Zhanbin (1, 2); Lu, Kexin (1); Liu, Ying (1); Su, Yuanyi (1); Ma, Yongyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of MOE, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhanbin(zhanbinli@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:136-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The change of runoff dynamics on the slope has a decisive effect on the erosion and sediment yield characteristics and erosion intensity. Runoff change is the essence of the hydrodynamic characteristics of soil erosion, runoff is the driving force and the carrier for erosion phenomenon, the change of the hydrodynamic parameters of slope surface flow can reveal some change law of slope runoff, and there is a close relationship between runoff and the hydrodynamic parameters. The deep understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the slope and its variation are the basis for understanding the soil erosion process and the dynamic mechanism of the slope, which is of great significance for the construction of the slope erosion prediction model. We conducted artificial simulated rainfall experiment in the State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering at Xi'an University of Technology in China from July to August 2013. We studied quantitatively the temporal and spatial distribution of hydrodynamic parameters on slope and its relationship with runoff and sediment yield under the same rainfall intensity (1.5 mm/min) and different sand-covered thickness (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 cm) in simulated rainfall in order to reveal the internal regularity of hydrodynamic parameters on slope. We also used potassium permanganate (KMnO<inf>4</inf>) to determinate the flow rate. Hydrodynamic parameters such as Reynolds number, Froude number, drag coefficient and Manning roughness were used to describe the hydrodynamic characteristics of sand-covered slope and its relationship with runoff and sediment yield. The results showed a fluctuating trend of temporal and spatial distribution of hydrodynamic parameters of the slope flow. As the surface roughness of the slope of the different layer of sand-covered thickness increased, the current flow state became fast and the flow rate increased. Compared with the bare slope, the Reynolds number increased by 39%-103% times, the number of Froude number increased by 5%-29% times, the drag coefficient increased by 5%-155% times. In the process of rainfall, the sand-covered slope was mainly composed of laminar flow and turbulence flow. The rill development mainly in middle and later periods of the rainfall (runoff after 10 min) as well as between 1-10 sections (From the bottom of the slope, each 1m is divided into one section) after sand-covered, it had the obvious difference with the loess slope surface, namely loess slope surface rill formed mainly in runoff after 15 min, 1-8 sections (From the bottom of the slope, each 1m is divided into one section). The slope velocity and runoff depth of sand-covered slope were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the bare slope in the middle and later stages of runoff. The relationship between runoff and sediment yield on the slope and the hydrodynamic parameters could be described by simple linear regression. Reynolds number and relative depth Manning roughness can better describe the erosion process of sand-covered slope. The results provides data support for the analysis of the sediment yield mechanism and the sand-covered slope erosion production model and provides scientific basis for further researching the coupling mechanism of wind-water alternate erosions and environmental to erosion, and support to further study the effect of wind erosion of water erosion after sedimentation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Drag - Drag coefficient - Erosion - Fluid dynamics - Fluid mechanics - Froude number - Hydrodynamics - Laminar flow - Manganese compounds - Potash - Potassium compounds - Rain - Reynolds number - Sand - Sediments - Shore protection - Spatial distribution - Surface roughness
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial simulated rainfall - Dynamic characteristics - Hydrodynamic characteristics - Hydrodynamic parameters - Runoff and sediment yields - Simple linear regression - Temporal and spatial distribution - Thickness of sand-covered
Classification code:407.1 Maritime Structures - 442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.90e+01% to 1.03e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 1.55e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 2.90e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.50e-02m, Time 6.00e+02s, Time 9.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20180204623844
Title:Suitable buried depth of drip irrigation improving yield and quality of tomato in greenhouse
Authors:Wang, Jingwei (1, 2); Niu, Wenquan (1, 3); Guo, Lili (4); Liang, Bohui (4); Li, Yuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) The Center of Ecological Environment Construction of Soil and Water Conservation Shanxi Province, Taiyuan; 030002, China; (3) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Wenquan(nwq@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:90-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Studies of the impact of subsurface drip irrigation on tomato growth paid more attention to the effects of subsurface drip irrigation and integration of water and fertilizer on root growth, yield and water use efficiency, but the responses of yield and fruit quality to root growth, plant growth and photosynthate allocation were rare. To understand the interaction between "ground part-underground part-yield and quality" in the process of crop growth, explore the inner mechanism of the subsurface drip irrigation, reasonably allocate drip irrigation measures, and further refine water management measures, this paper performed field experiments to investigate tomato plant growth, root growth, photosynthate allocation, fruit yield and quality, and water use efficiency response to different buried pipe depth in subsurface drip irrigation with conventional ground drip irrigation as reference (CK), and analyzed the effects of plant growth, root growth, and photosynthate allocation on fruit yield and quality. The field experiment was conducted in the sunlight greenhouse of Dazhai Village, Dazhai Township, Yangling District, Shaanxi Province from October, 2014 to May, 2015. The greenhouse was 108 m in length (in the east-west direction) and 8 m in width (in the south-north direction). The soil compositions in experiment were as follows: 25.4% gravel (>0.02-2 mm), 44.1% silt (0.02-0.002 mm), and 30.5% clay (<0.002 mm). The physical properties of the soil were as follows: bulk density, 1.35 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; field moisture capacity, 28.17% (mass fraction of water in soil); and soil porosity, 49.38%. The test crop was tomato, and the cultivar was "Haiti", which was cold resistant variety. Test plots were built from west to east in the greenhouse, 2 ridges per plot; and the ridge was 6.0 m in length, 0.6 m in width and 0.2 m in height, divided by a ditch with the width of 0.3 m. The area of each plot was 3.4 m<sup>2</sup>. Thirty-four plants were planted in 2 rows, with a plant-spacing of 0.35 m in each plot and protection rows at each end of the plot. The experiment had 4 treatments: 1) Surface drip irrigation with plastic film mulching (control, CK)-the drip irrigation pipe was installed in the middle of the tomato rows, with an irrigation lower limit of 70% of field capacity and an irrigation upper limit of 75% of field capacity; 2) and 3 subsurface drip irrigation treatments with plastic film mulching-the drip irrigation pipe was installed in the middle of the tomato rows at a depth of 10 cm (S10), 20 cm (S20) or 30 cm (S30); given that subsurface drip irrigation is more water-saving than surface drip irrigation, the irrigation lower limit was set at 60% of field capacity, and the irrigation upper limit was set at 65% of field capacity. Each treatment had 3 replicates, with a total of 12 experimental plots. In the experiment, the tomato growth rate of plant height and stem diameter, root growth characteristics, and leaf area index (LAI) were measured. And, the evaluation indices of photosynthesis, such as the chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate, were also determined. Additionally, the plant biomass, the tomato yield, irrigation amount and IWUE (irrigation water use efficiency) were also measured. The correlation of these indicators was used to explore internal interaction and to determine the best agronomic measures in greenhouse. The results showed that subsurface drip irrigation with drip pipes in 20 cm burial depth significantly increased the overall photosynthesis of tomato plant, promoted tomato root length, root area, and number of root branching, enhanced tomato yields by 22.35% compared with the CK, and had no significant difference on fruit soluble sugar and organic acid content with the CK, but significantly increased total soluble solids, soluble protein, VC (vitamin C), lycopene content, and sugar acid ratio by 10.86%, 32.34%, 35.66%, 33.97%, and 53.01% respectively compared with the CK, and improved water use efficiency that was 35.91% higher than CK (P<0.05). Subsurface drip irrigation with drip pipes in 30 cm burial depth significantly increased tomato dry matter, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and tomato yields by 50.73%, 92.67%, 57.54% and 19.53% compared with the CK respectively, and had no significant difference on water use efficiency with subsurface drip irrigation with drip lines in 20 cm burial depth, however lowered tomato fruit quality. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation with 20 cm burial depth is recommended to increase production, enhance fruits quality and improve water use efficiency to tomato production in a greenhouse.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Carbohydrates - Crops - Efficiency - Fruits - Greenhouses - Image quality - Moisture - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany) - Plastic films - Plastic pipe - Porosity - Soil testing - Soils - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water management - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Buried depth - Drip irrigation pipes - Integration of water and fertilizers - Irrigation water use efficiency - Subsurface drip irrigation - Surface drip irrigations - Tomato - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Area 3.40e+00m2, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.95e+01%, Percentage 2.24e+01%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 2.82e+01%, Percentage 3.05e+01%, Percentage 3.23e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 3.57e+01%, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 4.41e+01%, Percentage 4.94e+01%, Percentage 5.07e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.75e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%, Size 1.08e+02m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-05m to 2.00e-06m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 6.00e+00m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20180204623866
Title:Influence of mechanical compaction on reclaimed soil particle size distribution multifractal characteristics
Authors:Min, Xiangyu (1); Li, Xinju (1); Li, Qichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xinju(lxj0911@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:274-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reclaimed soil particle size distribution (PSD) is different from the normal soil, one main reason is that the soil are compacted by machineries in the process of reclamation, and PSD is closely related to the ability to protect water and fertilizer of soil, so the changing mechanism of PSD caused by the large machinery for reclamation construction is a noteworthy matter. In this research, we established a study area on a filling reclamation site in mining area with high ground-water table in order to study the effects of mechanical compaction to reclaimed soil PSD. Aimed to have a better description of the whole reclamation process, we set up different number of compaction times (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9), and divided the reclaimed soil into three layers based on its construction, two backfilling surface soil layers (0-20, 20-40 cm) and one packing soil layer (40-60 cm). Before compacted by the machinery, the surface soil (0-40 cm) was sandy loam, soil density was 1.321 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, soil volumetric water content was 22.9% at available water content, and 50 kPa was added for each compaction. The reclamation site was divided into 31 plots, and we collecting 13 soil samples on the same plot in order to avoid the variation of soil characteristics. In this research, we used the LS13320 laser particle size analyzer test soil PSD after using hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid to remove organic matter and carbonate from soil respectively, and adopted multifractal method that could describe the heterogeneity of the soil to quantify the reclaimed soil PSD characteristics. The results showed that: mechanical compaction evidently affected soil PSD of topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-40 cm), the size of soil particles were refined with the increasing of compaction times, and the peak of soil particle distributions moved from clay range to sandy randy. Reclaimed soil PSD had a multifractal feature, the generalized dimension spectra q-D(q) curve was a "S" decreasing function and soil particles were distributed in concentrated areas. The singular spectra α-f(α) was a convex curve with left hook and the large probability subset of soil particles was a dominant position. Under the compaction of machinery, reclaimed soil particles encountered the varying local stacking degrees, especially those distributed in sparse areas. Machinery compaction significantly affected the PSD heterogeneous characteristics of topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-40 cm), with the increasing of compaction times. Volume dimension D (0) decreased, representing the range of PSD was reduced, singularity spectra symmetry degree Δf increased, representing the symmetry of PSD was added, and information dimension D (1). Information dimension/volume dimension D(1)/D(0), correlation dimension D (2) and singularity spectra width Δα had fluctuating change, representing the concentration, uniformity and local intensive degree of PSD had fluctuating change. The research found that D(1) and D(1)/D(0), D(2) and Δα had similar actions on representing the concentration and uniformity of PSD respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.767(P<0.01) and-0.488(P<0.05), multifractal parameters could be used to describe the subtle changes of PSD in the process of mechanical compaction, and reclaimed soil compactness had very significant correlations with D(0), Δα and Δf, with the correlation coefficients of-0.840, -0.755 and 0.782(P<0.01), respectively, showing that the greater compactness reduced the range of PSD, and added its non-uniformity and symmetry, and D(0), Δα and Δf were sensitive to the change of reclaimed soil compactness. This provided an accurate analysis method for further research on mechanical compaction of reclaimed soil.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Compaction - Fractals - Groundwater - Land reclamation - Light transmission - Machinery - Organic lasers - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Reclamation - Size distribution - Soil surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Available water contents - Correlation coefficient - Heterogeneous characteristic - Laser particle size analyzer - Mechanical compaction - Multi-fractal dimensions - Multifractal characteristics - Soil volumetric water contents
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 744.1 Lasers, General - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.32e+03kg/m3, Percentage 2.29e+01%, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20180204623854
Title:Design and test of precise blanking control system for lactating sows
Authors:Xiong, Benhai (1); Yang, Liang (1); Zheng, Shanshan (1); Cao, Pei (2); Pan, Xiaohua (1); Wu, Guotao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Henan Nanshang Agricultural and Husbandry Technologies Inc co., Zhengzhou; 453500, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:177-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to meet the maximum feed intake of lactating sows and achieve accurate feeding control requirements, a new generation of automatic feeding control system of lactating sows was designed in this study. The automatic feeding control system consisted of control panel, storage bin, quantitative bin, ejector retainer plate, linear actuator, buffer spring, upper blocking ball, subjacent blocking ball and connector between feed delivery tube and storage bin. In terms of control panel, the main components included microprocessor chip, commands input circuits, data communication circuits, data storage circuits, data display and external drive circuits. The form of stack data was applied in data storage system, and all feeding data in two months can be stored in this system under the situation that pigs were fed four times a day. Besides, the combination of the electric push rod and control panel constituted the upper part of storage bin; the loading feeder system and unloading equipment were connected by the upper part of storage bin; the main body of storage bin (cylindrical and inverted cone section) and quantitative bin were coordinated by electric push rod to unload feed. Through this design, the feed system was compact, energy saving, less feed loss and easy maintenance, which is in line with the development trend of intelligent agricultural machine. To obtain a stable discharge of feed by this system, the control of linear actuator's operating rate, and the coordination between input voltage and power was studied. In addition, the accurate feeding amount to lactating sows was realized by using the preset individual feed intake model and the precise control technology on variable volume. The results showed that: 1) the feed discharge control system mainly consisted of the quantitative feed bin, linear actuator, the upper plugging ball and down plugging ball, and the embedded control system. 2) The feed discharge stability test showed that starting voltage of linear actuator varied slightly and the precise of feed discharge amount wasn't affected when the electric power supply was 150 W. Besides, when the electric push rod rate was 60 mm/s, the input voltage was 11.5 V, the feed discharge was more precise and stable (P<0.001, CV=3.526%). 3) The preset feed intake curve was consistent with the feeding characteristics of lactating sows, and the feed intake curve was converged to the logarithm curve (R<sup>2</sup>=0.9609). 4) Compared with artificial feeding, the automatic intelligent feeding system improved feed intake of sows when the feeding curves was preset and feeding frequency was four times per day. The maximum of feed intake was achieved when sows were fed at different feeding time interval (06: 00, 10: 00, 15: 00 and 22: 00) and different amount of feed (30%, 20%, 20%, and 30% for each feeding, respectively) in a day. In conclusion, the new generation of automatic feeding system integrated the linear actuator equipment and embedded control system, and it had the advantages of easy operation for farms, accurate and stable feed discharge, and lower cost compared with imported equipment and traditional equipment with auger delivery. Therefore, the automatic feeding control systems suitable for popularization and application in the big, medium and small pig farms in our country.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Electric machine control
Controlled terms:Actuators - Agricultural machinery - Bins - Buffer storage - Control systems - Data storage equipment - Design - Digital storage - Electric control equipment - Electric discharges - Electric power systems - Embedded systems - Energy conservation - Equipment - Feeding - Linear actuators - Materials handling equipment - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural machine - Automatic feeding systems - Data storage systems - Discharge control systems - Electric power supply - Embedded control systems - Feed intake - Precise-control technologies
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 694.4 Storage - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.2 Control System Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901 Engineering Profession
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Power 1.50e+02W, Velocity 6.00e-02m/s, Voltage 1.15e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20180204623847
Title:Effect of straw incorporated into soil on reducibility in soil and root system and yield of rice
Authors:Wang, Hongni (1, 2); Wang, Xuechun (2); Huang, Jing (2); Li, Jun (1); Hu, Yungao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang; 621010, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jun(junli@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:116-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There is great meaning to research the effect of oil-seed rape straw incorporation on reducing material change in soil and the growth of rice root, with the objective of founding reasonable filed management for straw incorporation technology, by investigating the reason why rice growth was slow under the condition that oil-seed rape straw was retuned into the rice field. By field experiment and simulation experiment, this paper analyzed the dynamic change of the potential of oxidation-reduction (EH), and the reducing material and Fe<sup>2+</sup>content in rice field, and investigated the dynamic change of root number, root weight, root volume, root length and root bleeding intensity. The results showed that: 1) The daily mean variation of potential of oxidation-reduction (RC<inf>EH</inf>) had a trend of ascending after descending, and the lowest value was found after 14-18 d of rice planting, while the values of daily mean variation of reducing material (RC<inf>RRM</inf>) and Fe<sup>2+</sup>(RC<inf>Fe</inf>) performed a trend of ascending and then descending, with the highest RC<inf>RRM</inf>value after 10-14 d of rice planting and the highest RC<inf>Fe</inf>value after 14-22 d of rice planting. 2) Under the condition that oil-seed rape straw was incorporated into the rice field, with the increasing of oil-seed rape straw incorporation amount, rice number, rice weight, rice volume, rice length, white root amount and root bleeding intensity increased significantly. Compared with straw mulching method, the affecting period of straw incorporation on the daily mean variation of root bleeding intensity (RC<inf>RBI</inf>) under straw ploughing method was longer; the slow grow period of rice root system extended by 4 days under straw ploughing method. 3) After 10-22 d of rice planting, there was negative correlation between rice root growth (daily mean variation of (RC<inf>RNT</inf>, RC<inf>RQT</inf>, RC<inf>RLT</inf>and RC<inf>RVT</inf>) and soil environment (RC<inf>EH</inf>value, RC<inf>RRM</inf>value and RC<inf>Fe</inf>value) and negative correlation between rice root and straw incorporation amount; after 27-32 d of rice planting, there was a positive correlation between rice root and soil environment and also a positive correlation between rice root and straw incorporation amount. As the time went on, the impacts of straw incorporation on root growth of rice became less and less, and after 27-32 d of rice planting, its impacts decreased significantly. The conclusions are as follows: Under the condition that oil-seed rape straw is incorporated into the rice field, with the increase of straw incorporation amount, the Eh decreases significantly, while the reducing material and Fe<sup>2+</sup>content increase significantly; rice root (number, weight, volume and length), white root (number and length) and root bleeding intensity decrease significantly during seedling stage of rice. As the time goes on, the impacts of straw incorporation on root growth of rice become less. The affecting period of straw incorporation on soil environment and root growth with straw ploughing method is longer than straw mulching method, and incorporating oil-seed rape straw into soil with ploughing method is better than straw mulching method for rice yield. Under the condition that is feasible to use agricultural machine, ploughing method is a better method to return oil-seed rape straw into field.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Plants (botany) - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural machine - Negative correlation - Oxidation reduction - Positive correlations - Rice - Roots - Sichuan province - Straw incorporations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20180204623856
Title:Application effect of composite phase change energy storage thermal insulation mortar in solar greenhouse
Authors:Zhou, Ying (1, 2); Wang, Shuangxi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Urban Construction, Heze University, Heze; 274000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shuangxi(sxauwsx@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:190-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the thermal environment of crop growth in solar greenhouse, a kind of gypsum-based paraffin/expanded perlite composite phase change energy storage thermal insulation mortar was studied in this paper. The composite phase change energy storage thermal insulation mortar was composed of complex shaped phase change particles, desulfurization gypsum, admixture and other components, and the reasonable formula and the production process of it were determined by experiments. The composite phase change energy storage thermal insulation mortar with reasonable formula had a suitable phase transition temperature of 25.6℃ and a higher phase change latent heat of 89.8 kJ/kg. The 50 mm composite phase change thermal insulation mortar was used in the back wall of the brick wall solar greenhouse as the experimental greenhouse. The original brick wall solar greenhouse without phase change material was used as the comparative greenhouse. The comparison test of these 2 greenhouses showed that: From December 10, 2015 to February 18, 2016, the minimum daily temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 1.5℃ higher than that of the comparative greenhouse on the average, and the difference reached 2.4℃ at the most. On overcast day, the heat preservation quilt was closed, and the indoor temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 1.6℃ higher than that of the comparative greenhouse. On sunny day, the indoor maximum temperature of the experimental greenhouse and the comparative greenhouse was 28.9 and 30.6℃, respectively, and there was 1.7℃ difference between the two greehouses. The indoor maximum temperature difference of the experimental greenhouse and the comparative greenhouse was 21.3 and 24.4℃, respectively, and the former was 3.1℃ lower than the latter. During the night (from 17: 00 to 08: 00 in the next day), the average indoor temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 2.7℃ higher than that of the comparative greenhouse. On cloudy day, the indoor maximum temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 1.4℃ lower than that of the comparative greenhouse; the indoor maximum temperature difference of the experimental greenhouse and the comparative greenhouse was 20.4 and 23.9℃, respectively, and the former was 3.5℃ lower than the latter. During the night (from 17: 00 to 8: 00 in the next day), the average indoor temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 2.3℃ higher than that of the comparative greenhouse. Under the same cultivation and management conditions, in the vigorous growth period and fruit-bearing stage, the height of cucumber plants in the experimental greenhouse was 17.1 and 24.6 cm higher than that of the comparative greenhouse. The single-fruit quality of the cucumber in the experimental greenhouse was 1.4 times that of the comparative greenhouse, the number of fruits per plant in the experimental greenhouse was 1.3 times that of the comparative greenhouse, and the output of per plant in the experimental greenhouse was 1.8 times that of the comparative greenhouse. The test results show that, the composite phase change energy storage thermal insulation mortar has a good heat preservation and storage and release effect, and has an obvious improvement effect on the thermal environment in solar greenhouse. The thermal environment in the experimental greenhouse is more suitable for the growth of cucumber.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Brick - Energy storage - Fruits - Greenhouse effect - Gypsum - Insulation - Mortar - Phase change materials - Solar heating - Space heating - Storage (materials) - Temperature - Thermal insulation
Uncontrolled terms:Application effect - Desulfurization gypsums - Heat preservation - Maximum temperature - Maximum temperature differences - Phase change latent heat - Solar greenhouse - Thermal environment
Classification code:413 Insulating Materials - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 414.2 Brick Materials - 414.3 Mortar (Before 1993, use code 412) - 451 Air Pollution - 482.2 Minerals - 525.7 Energy Storage - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.1 Space Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.71e-01m, Size 2.46e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Specific_Energy 8.98e+04J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20180204623842
Title:Remote sensing monitoring of winter wheat growth with UAV based on comprehensive index
Authors:Pei, Haojie (1, 2, 3, 4); Feng, Haikuan (1, 2, 3); Li, Changchun (4); Jin, Xiuliang (5); Li, Zhenhai (1, 2, 3); Yang, Guijun (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (5) Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130102, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Haikuan(fenghaikuan123@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:74-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop growth monitoring is an important research field of agricultural remote sensing. Crop growth monitoring can have timely access to crop growth information, and it is significant for crop management. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to monitor crop growth has become a fast and effective way. Some indicators can be used to characterize the growth of wheat including leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), plant nitrogen content (PNC), plant water content (PWC) and biomass of wheat. LAI and biomass were used to characterize the population growth of wheat. LCC, PNC and PWC were used to characterize the individual growth situation of wheat. This paper integrated the LAI, LCC, PNC, PWC and biomass of wheat, 5 indicators of wheat growth, into an index named comprehensive growth index (CGI) according to the equal weight for each indicator. The normalized difference spectral index (NDSI), ratio spectral index (RSI) and simple spectral index (SSI) were constructed by using single band and any 2 bands in the range of 450-882 nm. Then, the correlations between the CGI and the spectral indices were analyzed, and the spectral indices were selected based on good correlation between CGI and spectral indices i.e. NDSI, RSI, and SSI. At the same time, the spectral indices were constructed and selected by the correlation between LAI, LCC, PNC, PWC and biomass and spectral band. The inversion model was established with spectral indices and the partial least squares regression (PLSR). Four inversion models were established during jointing, booting, flowering, and grain filling period, respectively. CGI and the hyperspectral image of UAV were used to reflect the growth of wheat in different growth stages, realizing the monitoring of wheat growth during jointing, booting and flowering period. And through the hyperspectral image of UAV, the growth of wheat and difference of different growth stages of wheat can be monitored. The hyperspectral image information after inversion is extracted to verify the accuracy of the model for different growth stages. The results were as follows: 1) Some spectral indices and sensitive single band were selected for CGI in different growth stages of winter wheat. The spectral indices NDSI<inf>(746, 742)</inf>, RSI<inf>(746, 742)</inf>, SSI<inf>(526, 454)</inf>and single band 690 nm were selected in wheat jointing period. The spectral indices NDSI<inf>(758, 694)</inf>, RSI<inf>(754, 694)</inf>, SSI<inf>(684, 566)</inf>and single band 662 nm were selected in wheat booting stage. The spectral indices NDSI<inf>(774, 758)</inf>, RSI<inf>(774, 758)</inf>, SSI<inf>(510, 486)</inf>and single band 570 nm were selected in wheat flowering period. The spectral indices NDSI<inf>(754, 746)</inf>, RSI<inf>(754, 746),</inf>SSI<inf>(582, 498)</inf>and single band 702 nm were selected in wheat filling period. 2) Overall, the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>between CGI and spectral indices was higher than that of the individual index and the corresponding spectral index in the winter wheat growth period. Only the R<sup>2</sup>between CGI and RSI<inf>(754, 694)</inf>was lower than that between RSI<inf>(486, 518)</inf>and LCC in the booting period. The R<sup>2</sup>between CGI and R<inf>570</inf>was lower than that between biomass of wheat and R<inf>834</inf>in flowering period. The R<sup>2</sup>between CGI and SSI<inf>(582, 498)</inf>was lower than that between PWC and SSI<inf>(790, 862)</inf>in filling period. 3) The R<sup>2</sup>values of modeling PLSR at jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage, filling stage and full growth stage were 0.70, 0.72, 0.78, 0.78, and 0.61 respectively. For model validation, the NRMSE (standard root mean square error) values were 0.066, 0.038 and 0.062, and the RMSE (root mean square error) values were 0.050, 0.032 and 0.047, respectively, at the jointing stage, booting stage and flowering period. Overall, the R<sup>2</sup>of the CGI and the corresponding spectral index is higher than that of each index and the corresponding spectral index. The spectrum can well reflect the information contained in CGI. The PLSR modeling and image validation accuracy are high. It is feasible to use the integrated growth index to monitor the growth of wheat, which is of high precision.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Biomass - Crops - Filling - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Optical waveguides - Plants (botany) - Population statistics - Remote sensing - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural remote sensing - Coefficient of determination - Growth indexes - Growth monitoring - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Remote sensing monitoring - RMSE (root mean square error) - Winter wheat
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 714.3 Waveguides - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.50e-07m to 8.82e-07m, Size 5.70e-07m, Size 6.62e-07m, Size 6.90e-07m, Size 7.02e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20180204623857
Title:Review on noninvasive monitoring technology of poultry behavior and physiological information
Authors:Wang, Kaiying (1); Zhao, Xiaoyang (1); He, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:197-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The behavioral information and body conditions of animals are significant in precision livestock farming. And they have a considerable relationship with animal's welfare and diseases. Therefore, perceiving animals' body and behavior information harmlessly is critical to livestock breeding. A research review of diseases detection, body conditions detection, individual identification, behavioral analysis, and so on with noninvasive monitoring technologies was presented focusing on some prevalent livestock, including pigs, cows, sheep and chicken. And a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of 3 noninvasive monitoring technologies, i.e. sensor monitoring, image monitoring and sound monitoring in all the aspects was presented in this review. Sensor monitoring has been applied in the monitoring of feeding and drinking behaviors of animals, the identification of location of free-ranging animals and daily behaviors monitoring. Various sensors such as temperature transmitter and acceleration transducer have been used for years, so sensor monitoring is more reliable compared with the other 2 technologies. However, it is hard to design stable and suitable sensors which can work for a long period of time under the bad conditions in animal husbandry. As for image monitoring, it has been applied in the estimation of weight and body contour of animals, behaviors monitoring and body temperature measurement. Images of animals are acquired by cameras and thermal infrared imager and then processed with different methods to mine information. Although image monitoring influences animals least, it is susceptible to lighting conditions sometimes. Algorithms need to be developed to improve accuracy of image identification and reduce environmental influence. Besides, sound monitoring in animal husbandry has been applied in diseases detection, emotional state recognition, daily behaviors monitoring and estimation of feed intake of free-ranging animals. Calls of animals can be easily obtained with microphones, while meanings and contents of which are essential to understand. Feature parameters and methods are fundamental to get animal's sound meaningfully. The combination of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficent (MFCC) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is proved to have good performance. Sound monitoring technology shows good identification performance in laboratory, while it is not as good as what scholars think due to the noisy animal husbandry filled with people talk, noise of clanging doors and wind. Thus, there is a need to update algorithms to improve identification accuracy in animal husbandry. Those 3 monitoring technologies are harmless to animals during the process of monitoring, while some supervision methods now available worldwide require device implanting or operation to the livestock, which is hence detrimental for increasing welfare. Whereas for the noninvasive monitoring technology, it can effectively cut down the manpower consumption, reduce the damage and stress response during the monitoring, lower the influence on the animals caused by observer, and then enhance the animal welfare. Sensor monitoring, image monitoring and sound monitoring perform well in different ways. It is worth a try to combine 2 or 3 of them to realize better monitoring performance in animal husbandry. Many attempts of noninvasive monitoring have been made and many products have been applied in some western countries, while Chinese scholars attempted to study it just decades years ago. Considering this, Chinese scholars should learn from western scholars and develop advanced noninvasive monitoring equipment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:99
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Acoustic waves - Agriculture - Animals - Behavioral research - Hidden Markov models - Image enhancement - Image processing - Markov processes - Physiology - Sensors - Temperature measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Animal welfare - Body temperature measurements - Image - Individual identification - Livestock farming - Non-invasive monitoring - Physiological informations - Precision livestock farming
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20180204623860
Title:Distribution of heavy metal pollution and assessment of its potential ecological risks in Ugan-Kuqa River Delta of Xinjiang
Authors:Yasen, Maieryemu (1); Sawut, Mamat (1, 2); Taxipulati, Nigela (1, 3); Abudoumijiti, Yikiliman (1); Ma, Chunyue (1); Mijiti, Ruzimaimaiti (1); Rehiman, Mayila (1); Wang, Jingzhe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology at Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Xinjiang Common University Key Laboratory for Smart City and Environmental Simulation, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Sawut, Mamat(korxat@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:226-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the progress of industrial development and urbanization, the quantities and types of agricultural chemicals have been increasing, which has led to heavy metal pollution in soil, and the pollution in agricultural soils was especially serious. In this paper, Ugan-Kuqa River oasis was selected to be study area. The amounts of As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu were determined from 57 soil samples collected in Ugan-Kuqa River oasis. The spatial analysis, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index were adopted to evaluate the pollution characteristics, pollution degree and potential ecological risks of heavy metal, and the multivariate statistical analysis was adopted for the discussion on heavy metal. The results showed that: 1) The contents of 6 kinds of heavy metals in soils, i.e. Hg, As, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn, were different, and the average contents were 2.41, 0, 37.64, 25.25, 39.78 and 15.01 mg/kg, respectively; soil heavy metal contents were not higher than national standard level, but Pb content value was higher than the background value of soil in Xinjiang. There is a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in the study area. 2) Through the analysis of geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index, the results showed that the heavy metals for the geo-accumulation index value were sorted as As (-4.59) < Hg (-3.62) < Cu (-1.92) < Cr (-1.44) < Zn (0.59) < Pb (0.73), and the potential ecological risk index was 22.26, presenting the non-pollution level of soil heavy metal in research area. 3) By the correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the sources of heavy metals could be classified 2 categories in the study area. The source of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb might be from the combined influence of the soil parent material and human agricultural activities. As and Hg might be controlled by landform and hydrologic environment factors. 4) Although the ecological risk index of study area was non-pollution level, there was difference on ecological risk index for different regions; among them, the values of ecological risk index were higher in the areas west-north (WN), north-west (NW) and north-east (NE), and the highest value appeared in the area north-east (NE), which should be on alert. In this paper, the proposed method of analysis can reflect characteristics and source of soil heavy metal quickly and objectively in the oasis, and it can provide scientific basis for evaluation and management of soil environment quality in the oasis.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:River pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural chemicals - Agriculture - Chromium - Cluster analysis - Copper - Ecology - Heavy metals - Industrial chemicals - Mercury (metal) - Metal analysis - Multivariant analysis - Pollution - Principal component analysis - Quality control - Risk assessment - Rivers - Soil pollution - Soils - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural activities - Geo-accumulation index - Heavy metal pollution - Industrial development - Multivariate statistical analysis - Potential ecological risk - Principle component analysis - Ugan-Kuqa river oasis
Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 543.1 Chromium and Alloys - 544.1 Copper - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20180204623848
Title:Response of yield of spring maize to changes of precipitation and air temperature in arid region
Authors:Zhang, Tao (1); Sun, Wei (2); Sun, Bugong (2); Wu, Jianmin (2); Wang, Lijuan (3); Feng, Bin (1); Zhang, Fengwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) Bowen College, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730101, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Wei(sunw@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:127-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The climate change has important effects on agriculture in which climatic variables are the main contributor to yield and have received wide concerns globally. In order to explore the influence of climate change in arid area and main meteorological factors on maize yield under different planting patterns, the study first calibrated and validated the parameters of AquaCrop model for open field planting, single-row ridge planting and all-film double-furrow sowing in arid regions, with the data of field experiment from 2014 to 2016. Calibration parameter mainly included the maximum canopy coverage, reference harvest index, normalized water productivity, readily evaporable water, and so on. The research also designed different temperature and precipitation gradients based on 35-year historical meteorological data from 1981 to 2015, and simulation method was used to analyze the maize yield trends under different situations. Air temperature levels were: 1) to decrease by 1.5℃ in daily mean temperature (A<inf>1</inf>); 2) historical daily temperature (A<inf>2</inf>); 3) to increase by 1.5℃ in daily mean temperature (A<inf>3</inf>). Precipitation levels were: 1) to decrease by 15% in daily precipitation (B<inf>1</inf>); historical daily precipitation (B<inf>2</inf>); 3) to increase by 15% in daily precipitation (B<inf>3</inf>). The results showed the AquaCrop model could predict the maize yield and biomass with the 3 planting patterns accurately, the root mean square error of measured and simulated yield with 3 planting patterns was between 245.34 and 745.10 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the normalized root mean square error was between 6.94% and 9.49%, and the tendency of simulated and tested soil water content was nearly uniform, the NRMSE of which was between 8.65% and 10.74%. Overall, the AquaCrop model was powerful to simulate crop yield, biomass and soil water content of maize in study site. Through comparing the different calibration parameters of 3 planting patterns, we could find all-film double-furrow sowing had the function of keeping moisture and improving crop yield potentially. Within the setting range, with the temperature and precipitation increasing, the range of yield fluctuation under 3 plating patterns was reduced, and the yield fluctuation of all-film double-furrow sowing was the smallest, with the slope of the average yield curve of 0.083 4, so it had a strong ability to adapt to climate change. Yield fluctuation of single-row ridge planting was the largest when temperature decreased or increased by 1.5℃, and the slopes of yield curves were 0.211 0 and 0.051 6, respectively. Different gradients of temperature and precipitation all had obvious influence on maize yield under open field planting, which showed that the yield under this panting pattern was more easily affected and hardly controlled for climate change. The yield potential reached the maximum in A<inf>3</inf>B<inf>3</inf>situation (temperature and precipitation increased by 1.5℃ and 15%, respectively). Compared with the original climate, the yield of open field planting, single-row ridge planting and all-film double-furrow sowing averagely increased by 13.45%, 11.57% and 17.67%, respectively. Temperature had an extremely significant effect on the yield under 3 planting patterns, and the precipitation was very significant for yield under open field planting and significant for yield under single-row ridge planting and all-film double-furrow sowing. This study can provide reference for yield prediction, risk assessment and the determination of relevant management measures. In the future, more efforts should be paid to explore complex influence of climate and crop management acting together on crop production.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Arid regions - Atmospheric temperature - Calibration - Climate models - Crops - Cultivation - Mean square error - Meteorology - Models - Risk assessment - Soil moisture - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration parameters - Daily precipitations - Maize - Meteorological factors - Precipitation gradients - Precipitation level - Root mean square errors - Yield
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.50e+01yr, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.77e+01%, Percentage 6.94e+00% to 9.49e+00%, Percentage 8.65e+00% to 1.07e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20180204623869
Title:Disinfection effect and cleaning mode determination for milk tank using electrolyzed water
Authors:Liu, Yu (1, 2); Wang, Chaoyuan (1, 2, 3); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 2, 3); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chaoyuan(gotowchy@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:300-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Whole milk contains plenty of nutrient elements, and it is regarded as "liquid gold". However, the adhesiveness of the elements makes them easily attach on the inner surface of milking system, which provides a good environment for microorganism growth. A mass of microorganisms can form a biofilm in the milking system, which is reported as a main contaminant of the system. Thereby, washing the milking system before and after milking the cows is a very important way to keep the milking system in a good hygiene condition, and beneficial to milk quality. In practical production of dairy farms, the traditional clean-in-place (CIP) process includes 4 steps: 1) Warm water rinsing; 2) Alkaline or acidic detergent cleaning circularly; 3) Warm water rinsing; and 4) Sanitizer or 90-95℃ hot water cleaning before next milking. In Step 2, chemical detergent with strong corrosivity is commonly used. Its residue may result in milk quality issue, and long term of usage is harmful to both the milking equipment and workers. Furthermore, the treatment of waste water containing detergent generated in the process is still a challenge, and its discharge may also present environmental risks. Thus, it is highly needed to find an alternative solution, which is more environmentally friendly and less harmful, to replace the traditional detergent. Electrolyzed water (EW), as an emerging, green and environment friendly detergent, has been widely applied in food industry and medical industry. Alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), with similar properties to the traditional alkaline and acidic detergent used in milking system, are promising options. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with pH value ranging from 5.5 to 6.5, was considered in this study because of its low corrosivity and high bactericidal activity compared with AEW. Aiming at finding an optimal mode of using AlEW and SAEW in cleaning milk tank, and reducing cleaning costs, this study tested the effect of using AlEW with the parameters of 8 min treatment time, 70.3℃ cleaning temperature and pH value of 12, as well as SAEW under the condition of 9.9 min treatment time, 37.8℃ cleaning temperature, and available chlorine concentration of 60 mg/L to clean a 100 L milk tank. The modes were set as "AlEW for one time + SAEW for one time" (cleaning the tank with AlEW in the first time and then with SAEW in the second time), "AlEW for 2 times + SAEW for one time" (cleaning with AlEW for 2 times and then with SAEW in a third time) and "AlEW for 3 times + SAEW for one time" (cleaning with AlEW for 3 times and then with SAEW in a fourth time). Cleaning effect of electrolyzed water was compared with that of commercial detergent (Super, DeLaval Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China), following the manufacture's recommendation of using "alkaline detergent for 2 times + acidic detergent for one time" mode. Results showed that both AlEW and SAEW were highly efficient in removing microorganism and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in the milk tank, and the removing rates were comparable or better than that of commercially used detergent (Super), indicating their potential in cleaning and disinfecting of milking system. Based on cleaning effect and costs, the mode of "AlEW for one time + SAEW for one time" was recommended. Field experiment of using AlEW and SAEW in commercial dairy farm is suggested, and its application is expected in the future.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Cleaning
Controlled terms:Adenosinetriphosphate - Alkalinity - Dairies - Detergents - Disinfection - Electrolytic cleaning - Farms - Microorganisms - pH - Tanks (containers) - Waste treatment - Wastewater treatment - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Acidic electrolyzed waters - Alkaline electrolyzed waters - Alternative solutions - Available chlorine concentrations - Bactericidal activity - Disinfection effects - Milk tank - Slightly acidic electrolyzed waters
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.9 Biology - 619.2 Tanks - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Time 4.80e+02s, Time 5.94e+02s, Volume 1.00e-01m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20180204623835
Title:Design of plow-rotary style ditching and ridging device for rapeseed seeding
Authors:Bao, Panfeng (1, 2, 3); Wu, Mingliang (1, 2, 3); Guan, Chunyun (3, 4); Luo, Haifeng (1, 2, 3); He, Yiming (1, 2, 3); Xiang, Wei (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha; 410128, China; (4) Oilseeds Crops Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Mingliang(mlwu@hunau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:20
Issue date:October 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:23-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The crop rotation of rice and rapeseed is the main planting pattern for winter rapeseed in South China. In a traditional broad-ridge shallow-furrow planting mode, the ditching machine plow or rotary disc is used to ditch the field. However, the plow cannot solve the problem of high rice stubble in field, while the rotary disc is easy to be entangled by grass and backwater mud in high humidity field, which often causes the traditional parts of ditching and ridging for rapeseed to be loose and collapse. Aimed to solve the problem of high stubble of rice after harvesting and reduce the influence of high-water content in sticky soil, in this paper, a plow-rotary style ditching and ridging device for rapeseed seeding is designed, which can meet the requirements of narrow ridge and deep ditch. Based on the maximum transported soil volume and the triangular wedge model, the structural parameters such as the embedded angle, the angle of the wing and the length of the wing are designed. The installing way of the rotary machetes and the straight tilling blade are innovated in the same roller. The turning radius and the length of each functional blade are optimized based on the biggest installation space, the uniformity coefficient of groove surface, the stability of ridge high and the soil return rate are taken as evaluating indicator. The turning radius of straight cutting blade, and the length and angle of wing are taken as experiment factors, and the multifactor quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out. The quadratic model is selected to establish the regression model which is related to the uniformity coefficient of groove surface, the stability of ridge high and the soil return rate. The F test and variance analysis are carried out for the coefficients of the regression model to establish quadratic multiple regression model related to the evaluation indices and influence factors. The results show that, the order of the factors influencing the uniformity coefficient of groove surface and the stability of ridge high from high to low is the turning radius of straight cutting blade, the length of wing and the angle of wing; the order of the factors influencing the soil return rate from high to low is the length of wing, the angle of wing and the rotary radius of straight cutting blade. The optimal combination of operating parameters is obtained after the application of the optimization function of the software: The turning radius of straight cutting blade is 351 mm, the length of wing is 78 cm and the angle of wing is 41°. And the evaluation indices are analyzed and the optimum values are selected: The uniformity coefficient of groove surface and the stability of ridge high reach the maximum values, and the soil return rate gets the minimum value. The optimal combination of operating parameters is verified, which meets the design requirements. All of the evaluation indices are basically the same as the software analysis, and the relative errors are less than 1%. The study results may provide technical support for high yield cultivation of rapeseed ridge planting.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Application programs - Crops - Cultivation - Design - Machine design - Oilseeds - Regression analysis - Soils - Stability
Uncontrolled terms:Ditching - Evaluating indicators - Multiple regression model - Optimization function - Plow-rotary style - Quadratic orthogonal rotation - Rapeseed - Ridging
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Size 3.51e-01m, Size 7.80e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.20.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
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- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
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