<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20175104564580
Title:Disease and insect pest forecasting model of greenhouse winter jujube based on modified deep belief network
Authors:Zhang, Shanwen (1); Zhang, Chuanlei (1); Ding, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an; 710123, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chuanlei(a17647@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:202-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The diseases and insect pests of greenhouse winter jujube are one of the main factors that restrict the yield and quality of winter jujube. The timely prediction of the jujube diseases and insect pests is the prerequisite to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. It is difficult to establish an accurate forecasting model of diseases and insect pests using traditional mathematical method and neural network (NN) because of many complex factors that lead to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of winter jujube, including the meteorological conditions (such as temperature, sunlight, humidity), soil conditions (such as moisture, soil heavy metals), and biological characteristics (such as roots, leaves). During the process of forecasting model training, due to the defects of artificial design features and the unpredictable complexity in the design process, the accuracy of disease and insect pest prediction and the efficiency of the design features can't have a lot of space of ascension. It is possible to automatically forecast diseases and insect pests of winter jujube with the development of agricultural IOT (Internet of Things), smart camera equipment, high performance and large capacity data storage, computer and network technology as well as the massive complex data processing technology. Faced with the problem of complexity and uncertainty of diseases and insect pests prediction of winter jujube, a forecasting model of winter jujube diseases and insect pests is proposed based on the modified deep belief network (DBN). Due to the merits of the DBN, the prediction model of disease and insect pest based on modified DBN can not only utilize 20 kinds of environmental information data, but also introduce the similarity between the prior information and the constraints of the current information. The modified DBN consists of a visible input layer, several hidden layers, and an output layer. The visible layer inputs the data, whose range has been normalized into [0, 1]; the hidden layers are invisible, in which binary values are used, and activated by the sigmoid kernel function. Via simulating neural connecting structure of human brain and introducing the supervised information by restricting the similarity between feature vectors in the learning process, the proposed model can automatically learn senior nonlinear hierarchical combination features from the environmental information of winter jujube growth, which is suitable for data classification and importing high-level features into traditional BP (back propagation) neural network classifier to improve the disease forecasting precision. The disease and insect pest prediction is conducted by BP network in the top level of DBN. Experiments on the actual database of disease and insect pest of greenhouse winter jujube are performed. After a large number of training samples and training times, the prediction accuracy rate of diseases and insect pests is greatly improved. The accuracy rate of forecasting result is over than 84%. The experimental results show that the proposed model has provided a technical basis and support for the automatic crop disease forecasting with environmental information obtained in fields, and has great application prospect in disease and insect pest prediction of greenhouse winter jujube. As there are many factors affecting crop diseases, practically, some factors vary with the time, how to use the environmental information of crop growth to build a powerful and practical crop disease forecasting method still needs further study.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Disease control
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Classification (of information) - Complex networks - Crops - Data handling - Digital storage - Diseases - Forecasting - Greenhouses - Heavy metals - Models
Uncontrolled terms:Biological characteristic - BP (back propagation) neural network - Deep belief network (DBN) - Environmental information - Insect pest - Meteorological condition - Modified DBN - Winter jujube
Classification code:531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20175104564593
Title:Effects of purification, temporary rearing and low temperature waterless- keeping alive-transportation on quality characteristics of live Patinopecten yessoensis
Authors:Pan, Lanlan (1, 2); Lin, Chengxin (1); Zhang, Guochen (2); Mu, Gang (2); Wang, Yang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Transport Equipment and Ocean Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian; 116026, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Chengxin(lch_xin@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:301-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:During fishery transportation, the alive shellfish should be stored in favorable living conditions for longer survival time. Typically, the survival rate declines over time, affected by 3 steps, i.e. water purification, temporary rearing and low temperature waterless-transportation. In this paper, the analytical results were presented by using the Patinopecten yessoensis samples to explore the efficiencies of the above procedures. The recycled water system for purification and temporary rearing consists of the aquaculture rearing pool, water circulating device, oxygenation device, temperature control and disinfection device. The recycled water system for purification and temporary rearing was used to realize both purification and temporary rearing of Patinopecten yessoensis. In the experiment, certain parameters were monitored, including water temperature, salinity, pH value and dissolution oxygen level. The samples were divided into 3 groups based on 3 different procedures involved: Group 1 was purified for 56 h straight; Group 2 was first purified for 32 h and cooled for 24 h gradually afterward; Group 3 was directly kept in a polyethylene insulation box. Then Group 1 and Group 2 were transported in a 3 L polyethylene insulation box with ice packs (250 mL) to study the quality of transport based on the different pretreatment. The results showed that the temperature of water dropped from (15±0.13)℃ in purification to 4.76 ℃ before low temperature waterless- transportation by gradient cooling during the purification and temporary rearing, the salinity of water fluctuated between 32.47‰ and 33.00‰, the pH value of water fluctuated between 8.29 and 8.44, and the dissolved oxygen in the water remained above 8.34 mg/L. It was demonstrated that the water environment was valid within the living condition requirements of the shellfish throughout the experiment. As a result, in Group 1, the first death was shown after 64 h, and all shellfishes died after 104 h with total bacteria density of 2 300 CFU/mL. In Group 2, the first death was shown after 104 h and the total number of bacteria was increasing steadily within 0-104 h. After 120 h, all shellfishes died with total bacteria density of 960 CFU/mL. In Group 3, all shellfishes died in 64 h. The total number of bacteria in Group 1 and 2 declined significantly in the purification. The bacteria number in Group 3 was significantly different from Group 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The crude protein, crude fat and glycogen of all groups declined over time. However, compared to Group 1 and 3, the consumption of glycogen in Group 2 was delayed by the gradual cooling procedure (P<0.05). The result proved that the purification and temporary rearing procedures improved the sterilization of the bacteria, and the survival rate was less sensitive to the temperature change, and got longer. Therefore the consumption of crude protein, crude fat and glycogen was delayed. With this experiment, the procedures of 32 h purification followed by 24 h gradient cooling are proved to be efficient for the low temperature waterless-transportation. The results provide sound references for the Patinopecten yessoensis' quality studies with purification, temporary rearing and low temperature waterless-transportation technologies.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Bacteria - Biochemical oxygen demand - Cooling - Dissolved oxygen - pH - Plastic recycling - Polyethylenes - Proteins - Purification - Quality control - Recycling - Shellfish - Transportation - Water recycling - Waterworks
Uncontrolled terms:Live Patinopecten yesoensis - Low temperatures - Polyethylene insulation - Quality characteristic - Survival rate - Temperature changes - Temporary rearing - Transportation technology
Classification code:446 Waterworks - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20175104564568
Title:Emission performance of gasoline homogeneous charge induced ignition in multi-cylinder diesel engine
Authors:Zhang, Haiyan (1); Li, Siyuan (2); Wang, Zhijian (1); Li, Ming (1); Yu, Chao (1); Ren, Shuojin (3); Sun, Ke (2); Li, Guoxiang (2); Wang, Jianxin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Weichai Power Co. Ltd., Weifang; 261061, China; (2) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan; 250061, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxiang(liguox@sdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:108-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Homogeneous charge induced ignition (HCII) is an effective way to reduce NOx emission and soot emission simultaneously while keeping high thermal efficiency. However, the former research about it was limited to single cylinder engine which was original or modified by multi-cylinder engine. Usually, separate intake system, exhaust system and fuel supply system would be set up for the test cylinder, while fuel supply to the other cylinders was cut off. Thus, there was only the test cylinder working normally for the experimental engine. Besides, a fuel-free air compressor, as an external equipment not belonging to the engine body, was used to replace turbocharger. Therefore, the experimental condition of intake-exhaust, EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) - turbocharger coupling effect and mechanical loss was quite different from which engines actually worked in. To study the real emission performance of HCII, a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was modified to achieve MHCII (multi-cylinder homogeneous charge induced ignition, which means all cylinders operate in HCII mode simultaneously) in this paper. The experimental engine incorporated an extra gasoline injection system, and the technology of intake port MFI (multi-point fuel injection) was used, while diesel injection kept the original high pressure common rail system without any change. Furthermore, a dual-fuel ECU (electronic control unit) that could be adjusted flexibly was equipped to control both of the fuels. The whole research in this paper included 2 aspects. Firstly, the influence of gasoline ratio and EGR ratio on MHCII was studied in a typical engine working condition, i.e. rotating speed of 1 438 r/min and IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure) of 0.7 MPa. Based on it, the basic principles of optimizing these 2 parameters were established. Secondly, DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst) device was matched to the experimental engine and the ESC (European steady state cycle) test was conducted under the guidance of those principles established in the first step. Test results of the first step showed that even 90% gasoline in total fuel energy could control the combustion phase sufficiently. With the gasoline ratio increasing, the percentage of pre-mixed combustion got larger and the shape of heat release rate curve changed from double peaks to one peak, in the meantime, NOx emission and soot emission both decreased dramatically. However, gasoline ratio could not get large indefinitely, or it would cause the problem of rise rate of maximum pressure increasing sharply. In the experimental condition, the maximum gasoline ratio should be less than 90%. With EGR ratio increasing, the combustion of lean gasoline homogeneous charge, as the major component of total fuel, was improved, in the meantime, combustion efficiency and effective thermal efficiency both got larger, so the combustion of MHCII could be optimized under suitable EGR ratio. However, similar to gasoline ratio, excessive EGR ratio would make the effect of diesel combustion deterioration prominent, so the maximum EGR ratio should still be controlled at around 30%. With EGR ratio increasing, the NOx emission decreased while soot emission remained nearly unchanged, and thus larger EGR ratio could be applied to inhibit NOx formation. Test results of ESC showed that the specific emissions of NOx, CO (carbon monoxide) and THC (total hydrocarbon) could reach 1.89, 0.90 and 0.12 g/(kW·h), meeting China V limits of 2.00, 1.50, and 0.46 g/(kW·h) separately, only with the aid of DOC. In the meantime, the weighted value of soot, calculated from summing the product of soot emission and weighting coefficient at each ESC test point, was also at an extremely low level of 0.034 m<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, MHCII can reduce the emission of whole diesel engine significantly and it is highly possible to meet all the requirements of China V emission standard under steady state test.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Engine cylinders
Controlled terms:Carbon - Carbon monoxide - Combustion - Compressors - Control systems - Diesel engines - Dual fuel engines - Dust - Emission control - Engines - Exhaust gas recirculation - Exhaust gases - Exhaust systems (engine) - Experiments - Fuels - Gasoline - Nitrogen oxides - Soot - Superchargers - Testing - Turbomachinery
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion efficiencies - Diesel oxidation catalyst - Ecus (electronic control unit) - Experimental conditions - High pressure common rail system - Indicated mean effective pressure - Multi-cylinder operation - Turbocharged diesel engine
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 523 Liquid Fuels - 612 Engines - 618.1 Compressors - 731.1 Control Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20175104564566
Title:Influence of tire pressure and forward speed on lateral ride vibration characteristics for unsuspended tractor
Authors:Xue, Jinlin (1, 2); Wang, Zhenzhen (1, 2); Li, Yinian (1, 2); Ding, Qishuo (1, 2); Lin, Xiangze (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing; 210031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:94-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The operators of agricultural tractors experience whole-body vibration when they drive tractors, and the main influence factors to ride vibrations of the operators are terrain roughness, tractor speed, tire type, pressure, and so on. In this paper, the effects of tire pressure and forward speed on lateral ride vibration characteristics of a two-wheel drive unsuspended tractor was studied by means of a theoretical simulation and experimental analysis. A CF700 tractor without suspensions from Changfa Group was chosen as the research object, and a new theoretical vibration model was constructed for the two-wheel drive unsuspended tractor with 3 degrees of freedom including the lateral and roll and vertical directions of ride vibration in Y-Z plane. Simulation and real tractor experiments were conducted respectively to obtain the natural frequencies of lateral vibration, root mean square (RMS) of lateral acceleration and RMS of total weighted acceleration on the tractor seat under different tire pressures and forward speeds of the tractor, and thus to analyze their respective influence laws. Simulation model was built up on the basis of the constructed state space equation of tractor seat vibration system by using MATLAB/Simulink software, and then simulation was performed when rear tire pressures varied from 60 to 180 kPa with the increment of 30 kPa and 4 forward speeds of 3.5, 6, 9 and 12 km/h were chosen. Meanwhile, driving experiments of the CF700 tractor were carried out on an ISO-5008 standard trial track with 100 m length under the same conditions of rear tire pressures and forward speeds, while front tire pressures were considered from 120 to 240 kPa with the increment of 30 kPa. Firstly, the tests were repeated 3 times at the different forward speeds, when the front tire pressure was fixed to 210 kPa, while the rear tire pressure was changed from 60 to 180 kPa with the increment of 30 kPa. Then, the tests were repeated 3 times at the different forward speeds, when the rear tire pressure was fixed to 120 kPa, while the front tire pressure was changed from 120 to 240 kPa with the increment of 30 kPa. The experimental values were obtained mainly with the LMS test system and the on-board strain-gage-based transducers and triaxial accelerometers. The discrete time series of the measured data were resolved and reconstructed by wavelet and Fourier analysis. Results were obtained in light of the measurement of both the RMS of acceleration and the frequency, for any axis on the tractor operator seat. The results showed that the maximum relative error between the test value and the calculated value of lateral natural frequency was 4.67%, and the error was within the acceptable range, indicating that it is feasible for the established theoretical and simulation model to estimate the lateral ride natural frequency. The change of the tire pressure and velocity in the experiment was consistent with that in the simulation, and the test value was smaller than the simulation value; the maximum value of the relative error was 5.26%, and the minimum relative error was 0.61%. The change of the front tire pressure had little effect on the lateral vibration characteristics of the two-wheel drive tractor, which could verify that it is appropriate to establish the theoretical model and simulation model without considering the front tire. When the tire pressure is constant, the RMS value of the total weighted acceleration on the tractor seat is increased with the increase of the forward speed. When the forward speed is constant, the RMS value of total weighted acceleration is increased with a wave pattern with the increase of the rear tire pressure. This study provides an important reference for the design of multi-dimension vibration reduction suspension system for an unsuspended agricultural tractor.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Tractors (agricultural)
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Agriculture - Aircraft seats - Computer software - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Digital storage - Equations of state - Errors - Fourier analysis - Fourier series - MATLAB - Natural frequencies - Speed - Strain gages - Suspensions (components) - Testing - Time series analysis - Tires - Tractors (truck) - Vibration analysis - Vibrations (mechanical) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental analysis - Forward speed - Matlab/Simulink software - Maximum relative errors - Theoretical simulation - Tire pressure - Triaxial accelerometer - Vibration characteristics
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 652.3 Aircraft Instruments and Equipment - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 818.5 Rubber Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.0012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20175104564569
Title:Seedlings number identification of rape planter based on low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles remote sensing technology
Authors:Zhao, Biquan (1, 2); Ding, Youchun (3); Cai, Xiaobin (4); Xie, Jing (5); Liao, Qingxi (3); Zhang, Jian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (4) Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, CAS, Wuhan; 430077, China; (5) College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jian(JZ@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:115-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Identification of plant number of rape seedlings is the key to evaluating effect and quality of mechanical planting. In terms of the long-lasting and inefficient manual statistics in plant quantity detection of rape seedlings planted mechanically, this article explored a new means to automatically identify the number by a low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) remote sensing system with ultra-high resolution. A color vegetation index, excess green - excess red (ExG-ExR), was chosen for image segmentation which was performed by Otsu algorithm. The features of rape plant like spectral and shape information were extracted after image segmentation. Combined with the field survey data, the research applied stepwise multiple regression analysis to build the relationship between the plant number of rape seedlings and features. The low altitude UAV used in research was integrated with an ultra-high resolution sensor, Nikon D800, an FX-format digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera with effective pixel count of 36.3 million for definition and image quality. Its ultra-high resolution (0.18 cm/pixel) made the identification of rape seedlings plant number possible, although it captured RGB (red, green, blue) images. In fact, there were several color vegetation indices based on visible band. And the research on them had an outstanding achievement. This article compared the ExG, ExG-ExR, normalized green-red difference (NGRD) and green leaf index (GLI), which were commonly used in the study, especially in the UAV digital image system. The result of image segmentation showed that all the color vegetation indices could be suitable for the rape seedlings area identification and extraction. In the end, ExG-ExR was chosen in this paper because it was matched with the area of rape seedlings in RGB image best, while GLI had a lot of noise. Before feature extraction, there were some post-processings for the segmentation objects, such as vectorization, buffer analysis, abnormal object elimination and field survey data input. Finally, in 24 quadrats of this research area, 3 565 segmentation objects of rape with 15 shape features were identified and extracted. Eighty percent of them were randomly selected for regression, while the remaining 20% were used for testing. A correlation analysis for 15 shape features was conducted to solve the problem of choosing independent variables preliminarily. Three shape features, i.e. the length-to-width ratio of the minimum bounding rectangle, the distribution density of the pixels and the raster number of perimeter, were chosen for the stepwise multiple regression analysis. For the minimum bounding rectangle of vector segmentation rape objects, the length-to-width ratio was calculated. The distribution density of the pixels describes the distribution of the pixels of a segmentation object in space. The most "dense" shape is a square; the more an object is shaped like a filament, the lower its density. The raster number of perimeter is the sum of the raster numbers of border length for a segmentation object. The result indicated that there was a linear relationship between the plant number and 3 selected shape features. The model showed a determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup>of 0.803 with high significance, and its standard error of estimate (SEE) was 0.699. Furthermore, strong correlation existed between the ground-measured and model-predicted plant number (R<sup>2</sup>=0.809) in the test, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.728. Overall, by calculating the color vegetation index and analyzing the correlation between rape seedlings plant number and features, the application of low altitude UAV remote sensing system integrated with ultra-high resolution sensor can effectively identify the plant number of rape seedlings planted by mechanical planter. Based on the automatic identification of rape seedlings plant number, the estimation of rape seedlings emergence and the distribution characteristic of row and plant space would be the next study direction for the evaluation on effect and quality of mechanical planting of rape seedlings.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Aircraft detection - Automation - Color - Color image processing - Extraction - Image processing - Image segmentation - Mean square error - Models - Pixels - Quality control - Rasterization - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Space optics - Surveys - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Digital single lens reflexes - Distribution characteristics - Mechanical planting - Multiple regressions - Plant number - Rape - Stepwise multiple regression
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20175104564573
Title:Maize yield forecast with DSSAT-CERES-Maize model driven by historical meteorological data of analogue years by clustering algorithm
Authors:Chen, Shang (1, 2); Dou, Zihe (1, 2); Jiang, Tengcong (1, 2); Li, Hualong (1, 2); Ma, Haijiao (1, 2); Feng, Hao (2, 3); Yu, Qiang (3); He, Jianqiang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A and F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:He, Jianqiang(jianqiang_he@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:147-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop growth simulation models can simulate the processes of crop growth, development, yield formation, and its response to environment, which provides an effective method for crop yield forecast. However, how to select suitable weather data for the forecast is still an open question. In this study, we established a method for maize yield forecast based on maize growth simulation model of CERES-Maize and historical weather data from the year of 1956 to 2015. Two year's experimental data from 3 sites of Yangling (2014 and 2015), Heyang (2009 and 2011) and Changwu (2010 and 2011) in Shaanxi Province were used to test the reliable and accuracy of the method established. The weather data needed for model simulation were divided into 2 different groups including the known weather data and unknown weather data during the whole growth season of spring maize. The known weather data were obtained from local weather stations, while unknown data were supplemented with historical weather data of multiple years in the local experimental sites. Multiple complete climatic data series were then created and used to run the CERES-Maize model to forecast maize yield for a given year. As the advancing of maize growth season, the daily weather data were gradually merged into the observed weather data in a target year. Consequently, the daily maize yield was forecasted from sowing day to harvest. In addition, in order to reduce the times of model runs and reduce the uncertainties in yield forecasts, this study compared the daily meteorological data of historical and target years with normal K nearest neighbor (K-NN) and a modified K-NN algorithm to select several historical analogue years whose weather data were similar to the target year. The results showed that: 1) the model was suitable for the yield simulation since the absolute relative error was smaller than 15%; 2) the data distribution of predicted yields began to converge and the uncertainty decreased rapidly after the tasseling stage. For example, the predicted yield after 30, 60 and 90 days (the tasseling stage) of sowing was 3 531-14 461, 3 413-14 828 and 961-13 210 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. But, the yield was 49 33-10 826, 8 484-10 565 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively after 100 and 130 days of sowing. The coefficient of variation had a sudden fall around the tasseling stage; 3) Yield forecast accuracy was generally lower than expectation for the method based on all historical data and climatic analogue years selected with historical data. The model run cost 61 min for a yield prediction during a complete growth stage of spring maize, indicting a necessary change in the prediction method optimization; 4) Among the 3 methods, the modified K-NN method showed a higher prediction accuracy and shorter run time than the other methods. The coefficient of variation was 11.7%-23.8% for the modified K-NN method, 15.1%-29.1% for the historical data, and 14.7%-26.9% for the K-NN method, respectively. To complete the yield prediction of a growth stage of spring maize, the modified K-NN method only took 14 min, which was shorter than the normal K-NN method. Thus, the modified K-NN method in this study had a big potential for the yield prediction by the CERES-Maize model. The study provides an effective method for selecting precipitation factor used for the yield prediction by crop models.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:50
Main heading:Weather forecasting
Controlled terms:Clustering algorithms - Crops - Embedded systems - Forecasting - Meteorology - Models - Nearest neighbor search - Optimization - Pattern recognition
Uncontrolled terms:CERES maizes - Coefficient of variation - Historical weather datum - K-nearest neighbors - Maize - Meteorological data - Response to environment - Yield forecasting
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20175104564570
Title:Coupled simulation and validation with fully implicit time scheme for free-surface-pressurized water flow in pipe/channel
Authors:Liu, Jintao (1, 2); Zhang, Shaohui (1); Xu, Di (1); Bai, Meijian (1); Liu, Qunchang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shaohui(zhangsh@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:124-130
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the irrigation water distribution system including pipe and cannel as well as control valve/gate, water flow presents both free surface and pressurized flows. Saint-Venant equations are often applied to discribe the free-surface-pressurized water flow in pipe/channel by means of Preissmann slot approach and then four-point implicit finite difference and vector-dissipation finite-volume approaches with explicit-time scheme are applied to simulation of unsteady flow in pipe/channel. However, it is very different for gravity diffusion wave in free-surface water flow and pipe elastic wave in pressure water flow, which induces different constraint on time step size, low computational efficiency and large water balance error in the modes based on these 2 numerical solutions. To solve these problems, Saint-Venant equations was applied to describe the free surface and pressure water flows in irrigation water distribution system, conjunctive with the Preissmann slot approach. Then a scalar-dissipation finite-volume scheme was developed to spatially discretize all terms of the governing equations. This scheme exhibited more simple expression and was more suitable to written computational code than the four-point implicit finite difference approach and vector-dissipation finite-volume approaches. On the basis of the spatial scheme, a fully implicit time scheme was implemented to temporally discretize all terms of the governing equations to result in a nonlinear algebraic equation system. To efficiently solve this nonlinear algebraic equation system, a dual time approach was introduced, which included real- and pseudo-time steps, to make a linearization. The advantage of the dual time approach was the existence of a ratio between real- and pseudo-time steps. The value of the ratio could be automatically adjusted according to the known pipe water flow conditions and then the coefficient matrix of the algebraic equation system could maintain diagonally dominant all the time. In such case, the absolute convergence could be achieved whether free surface or pressurized flow was in pipe according to numerical analysis theory. As a result, a fully coupled model of free-surface-pressure flow for irrigation water distribution system was proposed. A standard physical test, which strictly controlled the initial and boundary conditions under the indoor condition, was firstly applied to validate the performance of the proposed model. The validated results showed that the proposed model could well simulate the free surface and pressurized water flow processes, which was similar to vector-dissipation finite-volume approach and better than four-point implicit finite difference approach. Meanwhile, the water balance error of the proposed model was only 0.16%. By contrast, the error values of the models based on four-point implicit finite difference and vector-dissipation finite-volume approaches were 2.1% and 1.2%, respectively. The computational efficiency of the proposed model was 1.3 and 5.2 times higher than the existing 2 models. Furthermore, a field experiment was performed in Hebei Yehe irrigation area, April 5, 2013. On the basis of the field observed data, the proposed model still exhibited better performance than the 2 existing models. In details, the water balance error of the proposed model was only 0.016%, by contrast, 2.68% and 1.35% for the 2 existing models. The efficiency of the proposed model was still 1.3 and 5.2 times higher than the existing 2 models. Consequently, the proposed model overcomes the disadvantages of the existing models and is suitable to practical engineering, and provides a useful method for tool design, evaluation and management of water distribution system in irrigation area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Flow of water
Controlled terms:Algebra - Computation theory - Computational efficiency - Couplings - Efficiency - Elastic waves - Errors - Finite difference method - Hydraulics - Irrigation - Nonlinear equations - Surface waters - Vectors - Water - Water distribution systems - Water management - Water piping systems - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Finite difference approach - Finite volume approach - Fully implicit time scheme - Initial and boundary conditions - Nonlinear algebraic equation system - Practical engineering - Pressurized water - Simulation
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.1 Algebra - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20175104564588
Title:Evolution and prediction of land cover and biodiversity function in Chongqing section of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors:Liu, Chunyan (1); Zhu, Kangwen (2); Liu, Jiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Tourism and Geographical Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping; 136000, China; (2) Chongqing Academy of Environmental Science, Chongqing; 401147, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:258-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The change of land cover has a profound influence on the quality and distribution pattern of the regional habitat, thus changing the function and evolution of biodiversity. As a special ecology function zone, the ecological security of Three Gorges Reservoir Area affects the whole Yangtze River valley. The proportion of the total area of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing City reaches 80%, and thus the study on land cover change and ecosystem and biodiversity function evolution is beneficial to the regional ecological environment protection, remediation and improvement. Taking Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing section) as an example, this paper analyzed the evolution and trend of regional land cover and biodiversity function from the year of 2005 to 2020 through the comprehensive use of the CA-Markov (cellular automaton and Markov) model and InVEST (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs) model. For the data used in this paper, one part was from the remote sensing monitoring data in The ecological ten years, which was issued by the Ministry of National Environmental Protection, and the other part was from the land use map in 2015. Based on the software of ArcGIS 10.1, ENVI 5.0 and IDRISI, the land use type was classified into 6 kinds in the evolution and trend of land cover and biodiversity function of the study area. On the basis of the simulation of land cover in 2020 by using CA-Markov model, the InVEST model was used to quantitatively calculate the biodiversity function in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. The results showed that: 1) In the 2 periods of 2005-2010 and 2010-2015, various types of land cover areas and land cover dynamic degrees showed the state of "four increase and two decrease" and "three increase and three decrease". 2) The Kappa coefficient reached 0.92 when the CA-Markov model was used in simulation, which showed that the model could be well applied to the simulation of land cover in Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing section). 3) The highest values of habitat degradation index in the 4 yeas were 0.168 1, 0.207 1, 0.190 9, and 0.181 2, respectively, and the higher habitat degradation index was located in the city's surrounding areas as well as the banks of the Yangtze River, Jialing River and Wujiang River, and Daba Mountain's habitat degradation index was lower. 4) The good regional habitat quality was mainly distributed in the areas including Daba Mountain, Wuling Mountain and Simian Mountain, while the poor biodiversity function appeared alongside the Yangtze River and Jialing River. The total score and the average score of the 4 years were 34 337 710, 36 829 020, 36 345 590, 35 530 500 and 0.513 9, 0.551 2, 0.543 9, 0.531 7, respectively. 5) The analysis of habitat quality showed that the function of biodiversity was increasing in the past 15 years, which changed from the large scale fluctuation into small area change, and the biodiversity function of the whole region tended to be stable. The research may reveal the influence of dynamic land cover change on biodiversity function, show the important role of the delineation of red line of ecological protection to regional ecological security, and provide scientific basis for optimizing the regional ecological environment, as well as scientific support for the sustainable development of regional economy.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Biodiversity
Controlled terms:Computer software - Ecology - Economics - Ecosystems - Environmental protection - Land use - Landforms - Markov processes - Regional planning - Remote sensing - Rivers - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:CA-Markov - Chongqing - Ecological environment protections - Ecological environments - Land consolidations - Remote sensing monitoring - Three gorges reservoir area - Valuation of ecosystem services
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454 Environmental Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 922.1 Probability Theory - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20175104564590
Title:Farmland quality monitoring point layout method based on compound control zone of monitoring index
Authors:Yang, Houxiang (1); Lei, Guoping (1); Xu, Qiu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Management, Northeast University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Corresponding author:Lei, Guoping(guopinglei@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:278-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The purpose of this research was to explore the layout method of the quality monitoring points of cultivated land, and to solve the unreasonable problem of monitoring point space layout. In this paper, the data source of the research was from the results of farmland productivity survey and quality evaluation. The SPSS software was used to establish a histogram of the number of indicators, and whether the data were continuous and were in a normal distribution was intuitively evaluated. The continuous sample data were used to determine the level and hierarchy of the monitored control area by the variation coefficient method, and according to the error theory, combined with the area control principle, the total number of monitoring points was determined and allocated into different zones according to the monitoring control zone area. For discontinuous data, if it was determined that the variation coefficient method in the monitoring control area would result in an invalid monitoring control zone level, in order to avoid this situation, visual discretization method was used to determine the level of monitoring control. The area of concentration of the target concentration was used as the monitoring control area; the data of the monitoring points after interpolation were continuous, therefore, the intermediate value was used as the endpoint value of the interval of monitoring control zone. The compound control area based on the monitoring index was divided by the space interpolation method of Kriging. The locations of the quality monitoring points of cultivated land were based on the spatial form of the control area of the compound monitoring index. The sampling theory was used to carry out a representative analysis of the monitoring points. 1) The research puts forward farmland quality monitoring point layout method based on compound control zone of monitoring index. Compared with other methods, the method takes full account of the lower relationship of the monitoring points; with specific indicators as a logical starting point, a composite control area was formed based on monitoring indicators; the degrees of homogenization and heterogeneity of the monitoring points were consistent with the monitoring indicators, which ensured that the space layout of the monitoring points was reasonable and avoided the disadvantage of redundancy for the monitoring point positions and the corresponding monitoring indices at monitoring point positions. 2) This paper takes Keshan County as an example to apply the method of monitoring point. The original program needs 11 monitoring indicators including organic matter, barrier layer thickness, plough thickness, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil bulk density, slope, surface rock outcrop, soil pH value, and irrigation guarantee rate, as well as a total of 200 monitoring points and 2 200 tests, in which 110 kg soil sample and the cost of 440 000 yuan will be consumed. But after the optimization with this method, only 7 monitoring indicators are needed, including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, plough thickness, barrier thickness, and soil bulk density, and during the investigation process, 30 monitoring points and 81 tests are involved, along with only 4.05 kg soil sample and 16 200 yuan which will be consumed. And the monitoring point data in the layout have a good representation for the data of farmland productivity survey and quality evaluation of cultivated land. The optimized plan shows obvious advantages in monitoring pertinence, convenience and monitoring cost, and effectively improves the quality monitoring efficiency of cultivated land. This method is feasible and has good application value. It can obtain precise and a large amount of information by means of less input, which can be used for the reference for the optimization of land quality monitoring points.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Discrete event simulation - Farms - Homogenization method - Interpolation - Land use - Nitrogen - Normal distribution - Organic compounds - Phosphorus - Potassium - Productivity - Quality control - Software testing - Soil surveys - Soils - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Barrier layer thickness - Compound control - Discretization method - Investigation process - Land quality - Monitoring indicators - Monitoring points - Target concentrations
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20175104564575
Title:Evaluation of drought utility assessment of TMPA satellite-remote-sensing-based precipitation product in mainland China
Authors:Wang, Zhaoli (1, 2); Zhong, Ruida (1, 2); Chen, Jiachao (1, 2); Huang, Wenwei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510641, China; (2) State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510641, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Wenwei(hww@scut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:163-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Satellite-remote-sensing-based precipitation analysis products with high spatiotemporal resolution provided a new data source for the studies of drought. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drought assessment utility of the TMPA (tropical rainfall measurement mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis) 3B42V7 post-real-time satellite-based precipitation product in mainland China. We evaluate the accuracy of 3B42V7-based drought indices, the capability of the 3B42V7 product to reveal the spatiotemporal variation of drought, and the capability to identify the drought events in 1998-2015 based on 2 widely used meteorological drought indices, i.e. SPI (standardized precipitation index) and SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index), with CGDPA (China gauge-based daily precipitation analysis) as the evaluation reference, which is an interpolated gauge-based precipitation dataset. The potential evapotranspiration (PET) used to calculate the SPEI is calculated by meteorological data of 818 meteorological stations and 129 radiation stations among the mainland China and interpolated with the Kriging method. Considering that the sensitivity of the drought indices to the length of base period might affect the evaluation, the CGDPA-based drought indices are calculated in the periods with 2 lengths: the period of 1998-2015 (18 years, CGDPA<inf>18a</inf>), the same period of the 3B42V7 observation history, and a longer period of 1960-2015 (56 years, CGDPA<inf>56a</inf>). The results show that: 1) SPI and SPEI based on 3B42V7 product generally show acceptable accuracy over mainland China except the mid-west and south Tibetan Plateau, with high correlation coefficients over 0.8 in most of the east part of mainland China with those of both CGDPA<inf>18a</inf>and CGDPA<inf>56a</inf>. 2) Evaluation of the spatial and temporal variation of drought focusing on southwestern China (SWC) and northern China (NC), the 2 typical drought affected regions in China, shows that the time series of the area-averaged drought indices, and the spatial pattern of drought indices derived from 3B42V7 have high consistency with both the CGDPA<inf>18a</inf>and the CGDPA<inf>56a</inf>, indicating that 3B42V7 can reflect the evolution process and intensity of drought events, capture the spatial pattern of drought events, and reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of drought reasonably. In addition, the 3B42V7-based SPI is generally comparable to the SPEI in many cases, indicating that the SPI calculated only from the 3B42V7 data has already met the requirement of drought monitoring in the non-arid region of mainland China. 3B42V7 can generally accurately catch the moving path of the centroid of drought from September 2010 to October 2011 in eastern China, which indicates that the 3B42V7 can reasonably reveal the spatiotemporal variation of drought. 3) 3B42V7 product is capable of recognizing the large-scale drought events that took place during 1998-2015 and finding out their spatio and temporal positions truly and reasonably. Although some differences of the droughts affected area and severity of the drought events were found between those calculated from 3B42V7 data and those of CGDPA data, 3B42V7 product can reflect the temporal and spatial evolution of droughts in mainland China. In conclusion, the 3B42V7 product is suitable for monitoring and evaluation of meteorological drought at large scale.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Evapotranspiration - Gages - Meteorology - Precipitation (chemical) - Precipitation (meteorology) - Rain - Rain gages - Remote sensing - Satellites
Uncontrolled terms:Mainland chinas - Spatial and temporal variation - SPEI - Standardized precipitation index - Temporal and spatial evolutions - TMPA 3B42V7 - Tropical rainfall measurement missions - Utility evaluation
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 655.2 Satellites - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20175104564582
Title:Inversion of PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>content based on AOD data in large opencast coal mining area of Xinjiang
Authors:Guo, Wanzhen (1, 2); Xia, Nan (1, 2); Tiyip, Tashpolat (1, 2); Wang, Jingzhe (1, 2); Tashpolat, Nigara (1, 2); Yang, Chun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology under Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Tiyip, Tashpolat(tash@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:216-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to the high efficiency, large scale, low cost, and some other advantages, satellite remote sensing technology can cover the shortage of traditional ground-based observations, which can reflect the distribution, transmission path and diffusion dynamic of atmospheric pollutants in large scale. The MODIS aerosol product i.e. aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>(aerosol particulate with the diameter of less than 2.5 and 10 μm, respectively) had a high correlation, and AOD has been applied into the quantitative simulation of PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>concentration in existing researches. However, it is hard to estimate the PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>concentration with high precision, because of the temporal and spatial differences of AOD. The pretreatment of the vertical humidity correction for MODIS aerosol products can eliminate the influence of uncertainties in the atmosphere to a certain extent, and improve the precision and robustness of the quantitative estimation. Therefore, this study aimed to bring the vertical humidity correction into the preprocessing of MODIS aerosol product AOD. With 52 atmospheric dust samples collected from the Zhundong Industrial Park in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China, the AOD and the concentration of PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>obtained in May, July, September, and December of 2014 were combined to establish the multiple regression fitting model. A total of 40 quantitative models were established, and the model based on polynomial was more robust and accurate than the others, which was applied to predict the concentration of PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>of Zhundong Industrial Park. Finally, the optimal fitting models were applied in the prediction of local inhalable particulate matter concentration in May, July, September, and December of 2014. Taking the case of PM<inf>2.5</inf>, multiple regression model and AOD were used to estimate the local PM<inf>2.5</inf>mass concentration, the spatial representation of which was conducted by ArcGIS 10.0. The results showed that: The mass concentrations of PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>in the study area were inhomogeneous, and the concentration level of PM<inf>10</inf>was much higher than that of PM<inf>2.5</inf>; and the variations of them were significant. AOD was significantly related with PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>, separately (P<0.01). The optimal predicting models between AOD and the concentration of PM<inf>2.5</inf>, PM<inf>10</inf>in each month (May, July, September, and December) were the polynomial models. The R<sup>2</sup>of the estimation model between AOD and the concentration of PM<inf>2.5</inf>reached 0.6258 in July and the R<sup>2</sup>of the trend line fitted between measured value and predicting value was 0.8057; the R<sup>2</sup>of the estimation model between AOD and the concentration of PM<inf>10</inf>was 0.732 9 in September, and the R<sup>2</sup>of the trend line fitted between measured value and predictive value was 0.8077. The optimal model was applied with AOD to invert the concentration of PM<inf>2.5</inf>, which could reflect the spatial distribution characteristics and variations of PM<inf>2.5</inf>mass concentration in the Zhundong Industrial Park. This research can provide reference for the deep utilization of AOD and the estimation of PM<inf>2.5</inf>and PM<inf>10</inf>concentrations by means of remote sensing method, which has important significance in spatial distribution, remote sensing monitoring, and the forecasting of local atmospheric pollutants.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms:Aerosols - Air pollution - Atmospheric aerosols - Atmospheric humidity - Forecasting - Optical correlation - Optical properties - Pollution - Radiometers - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Aerosol optical depths - Distribution characteristics - Ground-based observations - MODIS - Multiple regression model - PM10 - PM2.5 - PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451 Air Pollution - 741.1 Light/Optics - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20175104564594
Title:Deodorization of garlic and keeping antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity by appropriate high pressure processing condition
Authors:Sun, Sicheng (1); Liu, Lulu (1); Xu, Xinxing (1); Liao, Xiaojun (1); Wu, Jihong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Fruits & Vegetable Processing, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jihong(wjhcau@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Garlic is considered as a kind of popular food and condiment in our daily life. It has numerous health benefits in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease because of its antioxidant and antimicrobial ability. However, the acceptance of garlic product is limited largely due to its unique odor. Hence, it is critical to develop a processing method to minimize the garlic odor but keep its antioxidant and antimicrobial ability at the same time. Here we reported the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on the flavor, antioxidant compounds, and antimicrobial property of garlic at 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa for 10 min. The volatile compounds contributing to the unique garlic odor are analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrometer), and the most abundant component is diallyl disulfide (DADS). Compared to the traditional thermal treatment (steam bleaching for 60 s), HPP method (500 MPa, 10 min) decreases DADS contents in garlic by 21.28%, which leads to significant reduction in garlic odor. The 300, 400, and 500 MPa HPP treatments decrease the enzyme activity of allinase to 75.44%, 68.53%, and 68.17%, respectively, compared to the untreated garlic. Since allinase is the key enzyme in the degradation of allicin, the allicin contents in garlic have increased under HPP treatment significantly (P<0.05). The better antioxidant activity in HPP treated garlic is approved through analyzing its ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging ability, Which are both higher than that in the thermal treated samples. Thermal treatment has significantly decreased the total phenolic contents in garlic by 32.72 mg/100g, while HPP treatments have no significant effect on total phenolic contents, which indicates that HPP method can retain more antioxidant compounds in garlic. The antimicrobial activities of the garlic samples under different treatments are investigated against 4 types of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus niger. The untreated garlic samples produce inhibition zone with a diameter of 28.82±0.58, 39.25±1.24, 33.5±1.06, and 11.13±0.23 mm for E. coli, S. aureus, Penicillium, and A.niger, respectively. The thermal treated garlic samples produce no inhabitation zone against the 4 aforementioned bacteria, which indicates that they have lost their antimicrobial properties entirely. On the contrary, HPP treated garlic samples have shown inhabitation zone against all 4 bacteria tested, although the diameters of such zones are smaller than those of the untreated samples, except the ones against A. niger. This indicates that unlike thermal treatment, the HPP treated garlic samples still retain their antimicrobial ability. In addition, the correlations between the total thioethers content, DADS content, total phenolic content, and antimicrobial property, antioxidant property of the HPP treated garlic samples are investigated. There is a significant positive correlation between the total thioethers content and the antimicrobial property, and it may result from the sulfur compound. The results presented in this paper suggest that, compared to thermal processing, HPP method can effectively reduce the unpleasant odor in garlic, especially the DADS, while retain the antioxidant and antimicrobial property of garlic. Therefore, HPP is an appropriate non-thermal processing method for garlic products.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Enzyme activity
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Aspergillus - Bacteria - Diseases - Enzymes - Escherichia coli - Flavor compounds - Flavors - Gas chromatography - Heat treatment - High pressure effects - Microorganisms - Odor control - Odors - Plants (botany) - Pressure - Processing - Sterilization (cleaning) - Sulfur compounds - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:1 ,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl - Anti-microbial activity - Anti-microbial properties - Anti-oxidant activities - Deodorization - Ferric reducing antioxidant power - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometers - High pressure technology
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20175104564585
Title:Material and energy conversion efficiency of anaerobic fermentation process of Penisetum hybrid for biogas
Authors:Zhen, Feng (1, 2, 3); Sun, Yongming (1, 2, 3); Kong, Xiaoying (1, 2, 3); Niu, Hongzhi (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (2) CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (3) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Xiaoying(kongxy@ms.giec.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:236-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Energy grass, as the second generation of new energy crop, has a bright development prospect. Hybrid penisetum was selected as the raw material. Silage is a well-developed technology, which can preserve the nutrient component to a large extent. Ensiling is a process in which water-solution carbohydrates (WSC) are converted into lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in anaerobic condition. We investigated the physicochemical characteristics of silage grass raw material, and explored the biogas production performances by laboratory batch anaerobic digestion at mesophilic temperature (35±1)℃. The results showed that the biogas production of silage grass with the C/N ratios of 137 and 25 (adjusted by urea and ammonium bicarbonate) was 327.02 and 295.43 mL/g respectively, and the corresponding methane content (volume fraction) was 58.49% and 61.05%, while the biogas production of untreated energy grass was 280.02 and 242.33 mL/g, and the methane was 59.96% and 61.46%, respectively. The volatile solid (VS) removal rate of substrate was in the range of 51.68%-57.56%, and it mainly attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. Therefore, the energy grass with high cellulose and hemicellulose content should be selected as the feedstock in the development of energy grass biogas project. In addition, lignin, and organic matter difficult to degrade should be used to enhance the comprehensive benefits of energy grass biogas project. We also established an open material flow analysis system by the anaerobic digestion of silage grass in the LAB-2 500 mL reactor and analyzed the distribution of carbon and nitrogen elements in different material throughout all the digestion process. According to the material flow analysis of silage grass in the anaerobic digestion process, 33.1% and 8% carbon in the raw material entered into the biogas and fermentation broth, respectively, and the other was still in the raw material. The distribution of nitrogen was that 69.4% was in the fermentation broth, and 30.7% was still in the raw material. Moreover, according to the energy flow analysis of silage grass in the anaerobic digestion process, the energy yield of 33.1% entered into the biogas, while the energy yield of 61.3% was still unused in the raw material. The mass conversion rate of energy biomass was low, 60% carbon, 80% nitrogen and 60% energy were still in the digestion residue. Therefore, the use of carbon and nitrogen elements in the energy grass biomass was greatly important in the anaerobic digestion process, and it can be beneficial to improve the efficiency of energy grass biogas project in the future. This study provides a reference for the development and utilization of different energy grasses.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Ammonium bicarbonate - Biogas - Cellulose - Conversion efficiency - Crops - Energy conversion - Energy efficiency - Fermentation - Lactic acid - Methane - Nitrogen - Nitrogen compounds - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic digestion process - Anaerobic fermentation process - Cellulose and hemicellulose - Development and utilizations - Material flow analysis - Mesophilic temperature - Penisetum hybrid - Physicochemical characteristics
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20175104564556
Title:Meta analysis on impacts of biochar on trace greenhouse gases emissions from staple crops in China
Authors:Zhao, Hong (1); Sun, Binfeng (2); Lu, Fei (3); Wang, Xiaoke (3); Zhang, Guo (3); Wang, Haiyong (1); Zhang, Lijun (1); Zhang, Mengru (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environmental Planning, Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan; 250102, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang; 330200, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100085, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Fei(feilul@rcees.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:10-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biochar inputs have important impliations for agricultural soils, also have a significant influence on greenhouse gas emissions. This paper conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize influence of biochar inputs on trace greenhouse gases from staple crops in China, and explored available mitigation method. The data were collected from published papers before December, 2016. The effective data were selected from the literatures including: 1) both treatments with and without biochar input; 2) methane and nitrous oxide emissions; 3) field experiment; 4) greenhouse gases from rice planting to maturity; 5) reliable measurements; 6) clear and reliable yield data; 7) wheat, rice and maize in China. A total of 134 datasets were obtained. They were classified by rice paddy field and dry land, rotary tillage and plowing tillage, different biochar amount and biochar types. The response ratio was calculated with the biochar input as the treatment and no biochar input as the control. The global warming potential and the greenhouse gas intensity were calculated. The results showed that the biochar input averagely decreased the global warming potential by 18% compared with no biochar input. The global warming potential decrease by inputting biochar in the dry land was significantly higher than that in the paddy field (P<0.01). The reduction in global warming potential by inputting less than 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>biochar was higher than that by inputting the biochar higher than 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>. Plowing tillage could significantly reduce the GWP by 19%. The rate of change in GWP was highest in the other biochar (41%), followed by maize biochar (20%) and wheat biochar (13%). The biochar input didn't greatly affect the methane emission in paddy field. However, the rotary tillage could significantly increase the methane emission by 30% and the inputting biochar without N application also greatly increase the methane emission. The biochar input average decreased the nitric oxides by 41% for the three staple crops. The nitrous oxides emission was decreased by 44% in the dry land, 24% in the paddy field, by 52% by inputting smaller than 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>biochar. The nitrous oxides emissions were higher in the other biochar and maize biochar than the wheat biochar. Biochar input could increase the crop yield by 7% and decreased the greenhouse gas intensity by 25%. The decrease in the greenhouse gas intensity was higher in the dry land than the paddy field, in the smaller than 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>biochar input than the input higher than 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, and in the plowing tillage than in the rotary tillage. The rate of change in greenhouse gas intensity was 47% in the other biochar input, 26% in the maize biochar, and 20% in the wheat biochar. Different soil use types, tillage managements, biochar amount and biochar types could significantly impact nitric oxide, global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity. In addtion, biochar input combined with reasonable agricultural management could reduce greenhouse gas emissions in staple crops soils. This paper indicated that for reduction in global warming potential from staple crops, biochar should combine application with nitrogen fertilizer and plowing tillage managements, and input the biochar with less 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>and C/N below 80, such as, field crop straw could directily carbonized.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Crops - Gas emissions - Gases - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Methane - Nitric oxide - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nitrogen oxides - Soils - Trace analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management - Bio chars - Global warming potential - Greenhouse gases emissions - Meta analysis - Nitrous oxide emissions - Reliable measurement - Tillage management
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20175104564579
Title:Detecting green citrus fruit on trees in low light and complex background based on MSER and HCA
Authors:Lu, Jun (1); Hu, Xiuwen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:196-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate crop-load estimation is very important for efficient management of nutrients and harvest operations. Current machine vision techniques for crop-load estimation have achieved only limited success mostly due to partial occlusion, shape irregularity, varying illumination and multiple sizes. Detecting immature green fruit is a more challenging task for similar color of fruit and background. The key starting point of this paper for detecting immature citrus fruit was the observation that the light distribution on citrus fruit follows a general pattern in which the light intensity decreases with the distance from a local maximum due to specular reflection. Immature citrus fruit detection was achieved by detecting this pattern with concentric circles or parts of circles. This pattern was proposed with the maximally stable extremal region (MSER) method and validated by hierarchical contour analysis (HCA) which was the first proposed in this paper. The images were captured by a color camera under low natural light conditions with a flashlight, and the green component of the color images was used for further analysis. After smoothing the whole image by Weiner filter, the regions of interest (ROIs) in the image were extracted by the method of MSER. The ROIs detected by MSER were those whose support was nearly the same over a range of thresholds, so the regions on citrus fruit were detected by MSER for the pattern that the light intensity decreases stably and gently with the distance from a local maximum. However, many regions on leaves and background were also detected as ROIs and should be excluded in the next step. A novel algorithmic technique was proposed to remove these regions on background, and this method was named as the HCA. Firstly, shape analysis was used for each ROI and only those ROIs were considered as valid if the shape was nearly circular. Secondly, multiple levels of contours around each valid ROI were extracted and fitted with the circular Hough transform (CHT). Lastly, multiple fitted circles would be merged into one if their most parts were overlapped together, this step was called circle merging and the merged circles were considered as the last detected citrus fruits. The algorithm was tested on a testing dataset with 20 images and achieved the recall rate of 81.2% and the precision rate of 83.5%. The processing time of the proposed method was 3.70 s totally on each image, on average, in which 0.57 s was used for MSER detection and 3.13 s was used for HCA. The result showed that the proposed method can detect green citrus fruit in a very difficult and challenging scene with so many fruits in one image and extensive partial occlusion. The good performance of partial occlusion tolerance of the proposed method in this paper is mainly due to that the proposed HCA doesn't use the shape of outer contour of fruit, but uses multiple concentric contours which come from the pattern of light intensity distribution on fruit surface. The research framework in this paper can give a novel thought on other green fruit detection besides citrus fruit.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Citrus fruits
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Crops - Feature extraction - Fruits - Hough transforms - Image analysis - Image processing - Object recognition - Statistical tests
Uncontrolled terms:Algorithmic techniques - Circular Hough transforms - Citrus detection - Contour analysis - Efficient managements - Light intensity distribution - Maximally Stable Extremal Regions - Specular reflections
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20175104564571
Title:Effects of moistube depth and spacing on soil water and salt transports of tomato in solar greenhouse
Authors:Niu, Wenquan (1, 2, 3); Lü, Wang (2, 4); Gu, Jun (3); Liang, Bohui (2); Guo, Lili (2); Guan, Yahui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS&MWR, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou; 450003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:131-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil secondary salinization has become the most prominent problem in solar greenhouse cultivation. The utilization method of moistube irrigation, a underground irrigation technology with semi-permeable membrane as the core material to supply slow and continuous water flow to crop root zone in soils should be considered to avoid the secondary salinization. In order to explore the effect of moistube irrigation on secondary salinization soil in solar greenhouse, a field experiment was carried out from October 2015 through April 2016 in a 108-m by 8-m solar greenhouse (E108°02', N34°17') in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province, China. A total of 3 soil depths (10, 20, 30 cm) and 3 moistube layouts with different spacing (1 tube with 2 lines, 2 tube with 2 lines, 3 tube with 2 lines, the 2 lines refer to the line of tomatoes) were set up to study the changes of soil water and salt distribution in solar greenhouse. Meanwhile, the mulched drip irrigation was used as control in order to analyze the difference of moistube irrigation from the conventional irrigation method. The open field soil nearby the greenhouse was sampled to investigate the soil salinization degree caused by the greenhouse cultivation. The results showed that the soil salinity in solar greenhouse was significantly higher than that in open field, the average salinity of the cultivated layer (0-20 cm) reached 2.745 g/kg after 5 years of tomato cultivation, which was close to the critical point (2.75 g/kg) of crop growth. The mild soil salinization had been occurred in the tested solar greenhouse soil. Under the CK condition, the soil moisture largely fluctuated in the main root zone. The fluctuation was big but stable at the end of the stage. The soil moisture changed in a similar trend for all the moistube irrigation treatments. The soil moisture increased until 45 days of planting and then decreased slowly. The coefficient of variation in the 0-30 cm depth was larger than 10% for the CK treatment, which was obviously higher than the moistube irrigation. Among all the moistube irrigation treatments, the 3 tubes with 2 lines had the more even soil moisture distribution and the coefficient of variation at the depth of 10 cm was smallest (3.62%). Both the buried depth and moistube layout significantly (P<0.05) affected the soil moistube but they didn't show significant interactive effect (P>0.05). Compared with the CK treatment, moistube irrigation had a high degree of desalination. The average relative desalinization rate of the moistube irrigation was 32.49% at 0-60 cm soil layer and 76.30% in the main root zone (0-30 cm) (P<0.05) higher than that of CK. The buried depth of moistube was an important factor affecting the distribution of soil water and salt, a high water and low salinity zone appeared in the soil layer at the moisture buried depth. It was beneficial to the soil salt leaching in the main root zone (0-30 cm) under shallow buried conditions, and in the minor root zone under deep conditions. The soil salinity was increased at the late growth stage of tomato for the treatment of 30 cm buried depth and 1 tubes with 2 lines, which could exacerbate soil secondary salinization. Considering the characteristics of salt accumulation and tomato root distribution in solar greenhouse, we suggested that 10 cm depth and 3 tube with 2 lines were the best for moistube irrigation with the average relative desalinization rate of 0-60 cm soil layer of 22.27% and the relative desalinization rate of 29.86% in the tomato main root zone. This study can provide valuable information for the application of moistube irrigation in solar greenhouse.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Coremaking - Crops - Cultivation - Desalination - Flow of water - Fruits - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soils - Solar heating - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Buried depth - Coefficient of variation - Moistube spacing - Mulched drip irrigations - Salinity - Semi-permeable membranes - Soil moisture distribution - Soil secondary salinizations
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451 Air Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 534.2 Foundry Practice - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20175104564574
Title:Comparison of three reference crop evapotranspiration forecasting methods based on short-term weather forecast in Zhanghe irrigation district
Authors:Liu, Meng (1); Luo, Yufeng (1); Wang, Wenchao (1); He, Jun (1, 2); Cui, Yuanlai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang; 443002, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Yufeng(yfluo@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:156-162
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) forecasting is important for real time irrigation scheduling. In this paper we improved the daily average modification method (DAM) and compared 3 ET<inf>0</inf>forecasting methods including the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) model, DAM and improved daily average modification method (iDAM) for their accuracy in Zhanghe irrigation district. The data of annual sunshine duration, annual average temperature and annual precipitation of each meteorological stations in Zhanghe irrigation district were collected. The deviation range of these 3 factors were from -2.7% to 7.7%, from -1.2% to 1.2%, from -3.7% to 23.4%. The HS model was also improved for the local use. The ET<inf>0</inf>calculated by FAO56-Penman-Monteith (PM) model was used as the control. In the DAM model, the daily annual average value of ET<inf>0</inf>was estimated by fitness, which could introduce fitness error in the ET<inf>0</inf>estimation. Thus, we improved the DAM by using the real observed historical meteorological data to calculate the daily annual average value of ET<inf>0</inf>. Daily historical meteorological data of Zhongxiang and Jingzhou Station for the period from January 1, 1999 to May 24, 2014 and the public weather forecasts of 7 days ahead from May 24, 2012 to May 24, 2014 were collected. The historical data were used to calculate the value of ET<inf>0</inf>by PM model and the ET<inf>0</inf>calculated for the period 1999-2008 and 2002-2011 were used to calibrate HS model and get the correction factors of weather type. The weather were classified into 4 types. The 3 methods were used to forecast ET<inf>0</inf>from May 24, 2012 to May 24, 2014. The results showed that the mean absolute error (MAE) of the HS model in the calibration period and validation period were 0.46 and 0.46 mm/d, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.63 and 0.64 mm/d and the correlation coefficients were 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. It indicated that the improved HS model was suitable for ET<inf>0</inf>estimation in Zhanghe irrigation district. The correction factors of weather type in Zhongxiang station were highest in the sunny day, followed by the cloudy, overcast and rainy day. The values were higher than North China Plain. The daily annual average value of ET<inf>0</inf>by DAM was smaller in the days of 1-150 but higher in the 250-356 days, indicating that the improvement of DAM was necessary. In the Zhongxiang station, the MAE of HS model, DAM and iDAM methods were 0.75, 0.80, 0.76 mm/d, RMSE were 1.00, 1.07, 1.05 mm/d, and correlation coefficients were 0.82, 0.80, 0.80, respectively. In Jingzhou station, the MAE of the 3 methods above were 0.72, 0.90, 0.71 mm/d, RMSE were 0.95, 1.16, 0.99 mm/d, correlation coefficients were 0.84, 0.77, 0.82. Among the 3 methods, the iDAM method had the highest accuracy for the forecast horizon of 1 day but the HS method was the best for the forecast horizon of 2-7 days. With the increase of forecast period, the MAE and RMSE increased, indicating that the forecast accuracy decreased. Overall, the 3 proposed methods were well for ET<inf>0</inf>forecasting and the best method was the HS model. In future, we can try to forecast ET<inf>0</inf>using the HS model for irrigation forecast in Zhanghe irrigation district.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Weather forecasting
Controlled terms:Crops - Dams - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Forecasting - Irrigation - Mean square error - Meteorology - Temperature - Weather modification
Uncontrolled terms:Annual precipitation - Correlation coefficient - Hargreaves - Irrigation scheduling - Meteorological station - Modification methods - Reference crop evapotranspirations - Root mean square errors
Classification code:441.1 Dams - 443 Meteorology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20175104564564
Title:Numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristics of cyclical slit flow with moving boundary of tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation
Authors:Zhang, Chunjin (1); Sun, Xihuan (1, 2); Li, Yongye (1); Zhang, Xueqin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydro Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Jinzhong University, Jinzhong; 030600, China; (3) Zhangqiu Yellow River Bureau, Jinan; 250200, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Xihuan(sunxihuan@tyut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:76-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve effectively the problems of lower transport efficiency and higher utilization cost during the process of the long-distance transportation for the agricultural products, a kind of agricultural mechanical transport mode having a wide and great application prospect is proposed and known as the technique of tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation. The technique of tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation is the freight transportation mode that uses a fluid to suspend (float) and pull (drive) the pipe vehicle filled with the agricultural products from one location to another through a pressurized pipeline. According to the kinetic mechanism of the pipe vehicle, the mathematical models of the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary under the different cyclical slit widths in the technique of tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation were established in this paper. The mathematical models were solved by adopting the RNG k-Ε turbulent model, the 6DoF coupling model and the PISO algorithm of the commercial software Fluent. The effects of the cyclical slit width on the internal hydraulic characteristics of the flow velocity and the pressure in the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary were obtained. At the same time, through a wide of experimental investigations, the cyclical slit flow with 4 widths of 0.025, 0.02, 0.015, 0.01 m respectively were studied by using the Laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) when the pipe vehicle moved within the pipelines. The experiment was carried out in the parallel straight pipe section of the test piping system, whose the control flow was 50 m<sup>3</sup>/h, carrying the loading of 800 g. The flow field characteristics such as the instantaneous velocity of the pipe vehicle with the moving boundary, the average axial velocity of the cyclical slit flow, the pressure distributions through the static wall of the pipeline and the velocity distributions of several typical sections were obtained. Comparing with the numerical results and experimental results, it was shown that the simulated results and the experimental results on the instantaneous velocity of the pipe vehicle with the moving boundary, the pressure distributions and the velocity distributions of the cyclical slit flow in the technique of the tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation were in substantial agreement, and the maximum relative error did not exceed 5.3%, which further indicated that using the commercial software Fluent was feasible for solving the hydraulic characteristics of the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary in the technique of tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation; The overall pressure of the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary within the pipelines showed a decreasing trend at the inlet of the cyclical slit areas, an increasing trend in the central location of the cyclical slit areas and a precipitous decline trend again at the outlet of the cyclical slit areas along the static boundary of the pipeline. The near-wall pressure of the moving boundary of the pipe vehicle was slightly higher than that of the static boundary of the pipeline. With the increasing of the cyclical slit width, the range in distributions of the low-velocity areas formed by the near-wall of the moving boundary at the inlet of the cyclical slit space increased gradually. As the cyclical slit width increased, the pressure drop increased gradually at the inlet of the cyclical slit areas while the pressure drop at the central location of the cyclical slit areas decreased significantly. The hydraulic characteristics of the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary was affected not only by the structural parameters of the pipe vehicle, but also by the flow field of the upstream and the downstream of the pipe vehicle with the moving boundary within the pipelines. The study of this paper not only improved the relevant theories of the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary, but also provided a feasible method for further study on the hydraulic characteristics of the cyclical slit flow with the moving boundary in the technique of tube-contained raw materials pipelines hydraulic transportation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Freight transportation
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Buoyancy - Commercial vehicles - Computation theory - Computational fluid dynamics - Doppler effect - Drops - Flow fields - Flow of fluids - Flow velocity - Laser Doppler velocimeters - Location - Materials handling - Pipelines - Pressure - Pressure distribution - Pressure drop - Transportation - Tubes (components) - Vehicles - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Cyclical slit flow - Experimental investigations - Flow field characteristics - Hydraulic characteristic - Hydraulic transportation - Laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) - Maximum relative errors - Moving boundaries
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 662.1 Automobiles - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 744.9 Laser Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20175104564560
Title:Design of experimental prototype of flexible chassis used in greenhouse
Authors:Li, Yining (1); Zhou, Wei (1); Song, Shujie (2); Qu, Jiwei (1); Zhou, Fuyang (1); Guo, Kangquan (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Agriculture Equipment, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Kangquan(jdgkq@nusuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:41-50
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A novel general power-output chassis system for agricultural vehicles been used in facility agriculture was proposed in this study, and named as Flexible Chassis. An initial prototype had been developed previously for basic theoretical research of four-wheel independent drive and four-wheel independent steering which was based on a simplified model. To study the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the Flexible Chassis under practical operating conditions, the second prototype named as the experimental prototype has been developed. The mechanical structure of the flexible chassis consisted of the chassis frame, power battery pack, and single-wheel running system. The four single-wheel running systems were symmetrically distributed on both sides of the chassis frame, which was the only source of driving force for maintaining and transforming the driving attitude of the flexible chassis. The power battery pack included four maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, and was placed in the chassis frame with a cross distribution. This allocation was helpful to reduce the whole machine size and prevented interference with the four single-wheel running systems. The single-wheel running system was the core part of the Flexible Chassis. It was made up of offset-axle knuckle mechanic, wheel hub motor, and electromagnetic locking device. Through the interaction between the four single-wheel running systems, the chassis frame, and the ground, the Flexible Chassis can achieve lengthways, horizontal, and slant linear movement, two-wheel or four-wheel steering movement, and revolving movement. The rated traction of the flexible chassis was 2 400 N, and the rated traction power was 8 kW. Therefore, it can work for more than one hour when equipped with a single furrow reversible plough. The technical parameters of the flexible chassis were that the total weight was 750 kg; and the length, width and height were 1 715, 1 475, and 1 135 mm, respectively. The tread was 1 320 mm, the wheel base was 1 200 mm, and the minimum ground clearance was 235 mm. The speed of plowing operation was 5 km/h and the maximum speed was 28 km/h. The control system of the Flexible Chassis was formed by one chassis central control subsystem (CCCS) which was composed of control handle (CH), core data processing module (CDPM), and posture monitoring module (PMM). The four single-wheel running control subsystems (SRCS) were composed of control module (CM), actuator module (AM), and state monitoring module (SMM). All the subsystems communicated through the CANBUS. When the Flexible Chassis started, the CDPM calculated the current state parameters of the Flexible Chassis through accepting and analyzing the sensors data from PMM and SMMs. When the control signal of CH was accepted, the expected state parameters of every single-wheel running system were calculated and sent to SRCSs by CDPM. The CMs, through the analysis of the expected state parameters, calculated and outputted the corresponding control signals to the AMs. Every output torque of wheel hub motors and locking torque of electromagnetic locks were adjusted in real time by AMs for realizing the expected state parameters of every single-wheel running systems, thus accomplishing the expected driving attitude of the Flexible Chassis. The adaptive fuzzy PID control theory was used to SRCSs. The steering response angle (SRA) and steering response time (SRT) of single-wheel running systems were measured. Compared to the theoretical prototype, the experimental prototype was significantly improved in terms of machine power, mechanical structure, control system and other aspects. The mean value of SRA was between 89.84° and 90.11°. The maximum value was 90.880°, and the minimum value was 89.208°. The mean value of SRT was between 4.24 and 4.28 s. The maximum value was 4.495 s, and the minimum value was 4.054 s. The results indicated that the control was relatively stable and there was no major fluctuation. The acceleration pulse of the Flexible Chassis' barycenter was measured in vertical, horizontal, oblique linear, and rotational motion experiment. All values of acceleration pulse were less than 0.007 g. The results showed that the Flexible Chassis could operate stably in basic running attitude.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Four wheel steering
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Automobile steering equipment - Chassis - Control - Control systems - Control theory - Data handling - Design - Digital storage - Electric batteries - Lead acid batteries - Locks (fasteners) - Machine design - Real time systems - Secondary batteries - Structural design - Three term control systems - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural vehicles - Dynamic characteristics - Experimental prototype - Facility agricultures - Four-wheel independent dive - Mechanical structures - Offset shaft - Practical operating conditions
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 702.1 Electric Batteries - 702.1.2 Secondary Batteries - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20175104564586
Title:Effects of copper-based protective agent on eggplant growth and disease control under simulated precipitation condition
Authors:Ma, Jinzhao (1); Zhang, Min (1); Liu, Zhiguang (1); Wang, Xiaoqi (1); Tang, Lingyun (1); Liu, Bei (2); Chen, Haining (3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Zhongde Fertilizer (Pingyuan) Co., Ltd., Pingyuan; 253100, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., Linshu; 276700, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Min(minzhang-2002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:242-248
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precipitation is an important factor affecting the efficacy of the copper fungicides. The purpose of this study was to explore the leaching loss of copper-based protective agent (CPA) spraying on the leaves of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its effects on the growth of eggplant under different simulated rainfall intensity. The traditional Bordeaux mixture (BDM) was considered as a control. A pot experiment of eggplant was conducted at an intelligent greenhouse of Shandong Agricultural University from July to October in 2015, to investigate the leaching rate of CPA on eggplant leaves and its effects on disease control of gray mold, yield, biomass, available copper content and total copper content in soil under the situation of spraying BDM and CPA under simulated rainfall intensity of 0, 17.1, 33.7, and 58.7 mm/h. The tests were performed with 9 treatments with 4 replicates. The BDM and CPA were used in the regular amount. The results showed that the surface tension of CPA was decreased by 37.0% and 33.4% respectively, compared with the surface tension of deionized water and traditional Bordeaux mixture. The contact angles between CPA and eggplant leaves were decreased by 28.1% and 31.2% in comparing with that of deionized water and BDM. At the seedling stage, initial flowering stage and fruit stage of eggplant, compared with the BDM treatments, the leaching rates on eggplant leaves in CPA treatments under the simulated rainfall intensity of 17.1 mm/h were significantly decreased by 33.2%, 10.2%, and 32.0%, respectively; the leaching rates under the simulated rainfall intensity of 33.7 mm/h were decreased by 19.3%, 15.2%, and 19.2%, respectively; the leaching rates under the simulated rainfall intensity of 58.7 mm/h were decreased by 15.5%, 11.5%, and 20.9%, respectively. At the fruit stage, compared with BDM treatment, the disease control effect of CPA treatment on gray mold was increased by 51.6% under no rainfall situation; the control effect on gray mold of the CPA application under the simulated rainfall intensity of 33.7 and 58.7 mm/h increased by 70.8% and 181.0%. The use of CPA also significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter and biomass of eggplant at fruit age of eggplant. At fruit stage, under no rainfall situation, the available copper content in soil sprayed with CPA was remarkably reduced by 18.8% when compared with BDM treatment. But for the total copper content in soil, there were no significant difference among all those treatments. Under the simulated rainfall intensity of 17.1, 33.7, and 58.7 mm/h, CPA significantly decreased the available copper content in soil by 23.9%, 41.8%, and 45.3%, respectively, and also decreased the total copper content of soil by 4.3%, 9.1%, and 18.0%, respectively, when compared with BDM treatments. These results demonstrate that spraying with CPA on the leaves of eggplants under the simulated rainfall intensity of 17.1, 33.7, and 58.7 mm/h not only significantly decreases the leaching rate of protective agent, promotes the control effect of gray mold and increases the yield and biomass of eggplant, but also reduces the accumulation of copper in the soils.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Disease control
Controlled terms:Biomass - Copper - Deionized water - Ecology - Fruits - Fungicides - Leaching - Mixtures - Molds - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Rain - Soils - Surface tension
Uncontrolled terms:Bordeaux mixtures - Eggplant - Flowering stage - Gray molds - Intelligent greenhouse - Protective agents - Simulated rainfall - Solanum melongena
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 544.1 Copper - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20175104564563
Title:Simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow and parameter optimization of pressurized tube of air-assisted centralized metering device for rapeseed and wheat
Authors:Lei, Xiaolong (1, 2); Liao, Yitao (1); Wang, Lei (1); Wang, Du (1); Yao, Lu (1); Liao, Qingxi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625014, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:67-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Seeding uniformity is a very important index in the air-assisted centralized metering device. Gas-solid two-phase flow including seeds and airflow exists in seed feeding device, seed delivering tube, pressurized tube and distributor. In order to study effects of pressurized tube's structure on seed distribution uniformity in the air-assisted centralized metering device, a numerical study of gas-solid flow in pressurized tube was carried out by the coupling approach of discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Effects of structural parameters including dimple depth, dimple pitch and pressurized tube's length on seed motion, distribution uniformity and airflow field were studied. The variation coefficient of seed distribution and variation coefficient of seeds' distribution uniformity were utilized to evaluate seed distribution. The mathematical models were set to describe structural parameters and seed distribution uniformity by means of the design of the regression-orthogonal combination. Besides, effects of pressurized tube's length and airflow pressure on seed distribution uniformity were analyzed using bench experiments. Results showed that: 1) The air-assisted centralized metering device with pressurized tube increased variation coefficient of seed distribution and decreased seed velocity and variation coefficient of seeds' distribution uniformity. Pressurized tube's length, dimple depth, interaction between dimple depth and pressurized tube's length affected variation coefficient of seeds' distribution uniformity significantly. The optimum parameters combination was dimple depth of 4.2 mm, dimple pitch of 15 mm and pressurized tube's length of 180 mm, which was achieved by the method of multi-objective programming problem function. Under the superior combination of structural parameters, the variation coefficient of seed distribution and the variation coefficient of seeds' distribution uniformity were 91.17% and 4.91%, respectively. 2) Airflow velocity field in pressurized tube and seed motion characteristics were obtained by analyzing gas-solid flow status. Airflow velocity and pressure in peak of pressurized tube had the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively. Otherwise, airflow velocity and pressure in trough of pressurized tube was the maximum and the minimum, respectively. The peak surface of pressurized tube was located in high pressure and low airflow velocity zone and trough surface of pressurized tube was located in high airflow velocity and low pressure zone. The alternate high and low airflow pressure in pressurized tube changed airflow field distribution. Seed velocity and force in pressurized tube had the trend of sine. 3) Bench experiments indicated that the ranking order of the factors affecting variation coefficient of seeds' distribution uniformity was: airflow pressure > pressurized tube's length for rapeseed and pressurized tube's length > airflow pressure for wheat. Based on the optimized structural parameters and airflow pressure of 1 200 Pa for rapeseed and 1 600 Pa for wheat, variation coefficients of seeds' distribution uniformity were 2.84% and 2.89%, respectively. Results suggest that the optimization of structural and working parameters of pressurized tube can improve seed distribution uniformity. The investigation of airflow field, seed movement and seed distribution uniformity involved in this research may contribute to optimizing pressurized tube's structure and analyzing seed movement mechanism.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Crops - Finite difference method - Flow of solids - Gases - Multiobjective optimization - Numerical methods - Oilseeds - Structural optimization - Tubes (components) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution uniformity - Gas solid two phase flow - Gas-solid flows - Metering devices - Motion characteristics - Multi-objective programming problem - Parameter optimization - Variation coefficient
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20175104564558
Title:Dynamic modeling and verification of paddy leveler based on rigid flexible coupling multibody systems
Authors:Zhao, Zuoxi (1, 2); Tu, Hai (1); Feng, Rong (1); Song, Junwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center for South China Modern Rice Field Multiple Cropping Production, Changsha; 410128, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:27-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Proper dynamic modeling is essential for the design and control of paddy field levelers which maintains a level plow while working regardless field unevenness. The simplified rigid multibody method of dynamic modeling, of which modeling and simulation can be handled by hand generally, does not work well in that they do not produce satisfactory results, and there is not easily available method for verifying the simulation results. This paper proposes a flexible multibody approach for the paddy field modeling and simulation, and a method for model verification based on high speed camera measurement. For the former method, it is simplified to decide which bodies to be classified to be rigid or flexible and the related constraint types by studying the structure and theory of the multibody system, while leaving the tedious tasks of building differential-algebra equations and equation solving to the computer-based simulation tools; and the latter method features a non-contact, stereo image way to find the 3D (three-dimensional) position of center of mass and attitude angles of a rigid body through positioning multiple surface points. 1) Modeling. By analyzing the structure and summing up the past experiences, considering that the 3 parallel rods hanging the installation block and plow showed significant flexibility in many directions, a flexible multibody system with 2 rigid bodies (plow and installation block) and 1 flexible body (representing the 3 rods with a flexible beam) and 3 revolute joints in between was built. It was assumed that the tractor body was stationary, which helped to simplify the subsequent simulation and verification by reducing the flexible beam to be a cantilever beam. 2) Simulation. The MapleSim was used to perform the simulation. By introducing the main multibody library models, i.e. flexible beam, rigid body and rigid body frame, and following general modeling procedures, the leveler model was expressed into MapleSim environment. The model parameters were determined by measurement (for dimensions) and computer software like CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) and ADAMS (automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems) (for mass values and inertial momentums). Among simulation results, curves for the position of the leveler's center of mass and inclination angle were produced. 3) Verification. Formulae finding the position of mass center and attitude angles of the plow by multiple surface points' 3D positions (at least 3 points that do not fall on the same straight line) were proposed, and the surface points' 3D positions were determined by the stereo imaging system composed of 2 high-speed cameras and the professional image analysis software TEMA. Laboratory tests on specially designed fixtures were conducted, which produced the plow's 3D position of mass center and its inclination angle as measured results to be used against the simulated results for model verification. The verification showed that the 2 kinds of results generally coincided with each other well, indicating that the modeling, simulation and verification method proposed is feasible and practical, though a closer check showed the inclination curves agreed quite well, but the position curves of mass center revealed a maximum deviation of 10 cm at times. Some causes for the difference were proposed. The method proposed in this paper, which includes modeling by structure analysis, simulation using software, and verification by measuring 3D position of center of mass and attitude angles of a rigid body using high-speed cameras, is feasible and applicable to similar mechanical virtual prototyping applications featuring modeling, simulation and verification.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Three dimensional computer graphics
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Application programs - Cameras - Computer aided analysis - Computer software - Dynamic mechanical analysis - Dynamics - Flexible couplings - Flexible structures - High speed cameras - Mechanization - Models - Rigid structures - Stereo image processing - Verification
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems - Computer based simulation - Flexible multibody systems - Interactive applications - Modeling and verifications - Multi-body dynamic - Paddy fields - Virtual prototyping applications
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20175104564565
Title:Numerical simulation and experiment on improving pelleted coating of forage grass seeds by vibration force field
Authors:Qiu, Yi (1); Chen, Zhi (1); Hou, Zhanfeng (1); Song, Tao (2); Mi, Longkai (1); Shao, Zhiwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Architectural Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an; 271000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zhi(sgchenzhi@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:86-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the rate of coating and pelleting of forage grass seeds, our team is researching the pellet coating of small-particle irregular forage grass seeds under the action of vibration force field. Besides, we establish the three-dimensional model and simulation model of coating pan by using Solid-Works and EDEM (enhanced discrete element method). At the same time, the movement law of seed pelleting coating process is studied for forage grass seed. Simulation results show that when the coating pan speed is 40 r/min, the vibrating frequency of coating pan is 20 Hz, and the amplitude is 0.02 mm, the particle swarm can be dispersed at different time points and in the same spatial region. In addition, the movement of particle swarm accelerates the dispersion degree of the particles. The forage grass seed and powder can reach a boiling state immediately. Meanwhile, by observing the simulation graph, we can see that the forage grass seed and powder can enter each other's gap easily to increase the collision times between seeds and powder, and achieve the ideal effect of pellet coating eventually. According to relation curve of average velocity and average displacement of all forage seeds and powder with time, we can notice that the seed and powder fall into the coating pan before 0.36 s, while the seed and powder is pelleted and coated after 0.36 s. The reason is that this time point is the extreme point of the curve. After this point, the displacement of seed and powder is gradually becoming larger, while the velocity is gradually becoming lower. We can easily draw a conclusion that forage grass seeds will come into contact with the powder more frequently during the long distance of the movement; the longer the bonding time, the better effect the bonding. However, when the coating time is 0.81 s, the trend of the increase amplitude of the powder displacement has little change, but the velocity is becoming smaller. At this time, the speed of powder and forage grass seed begins to slow down and be coated under the influence of particle collision and friction. This is the best time for the pellet coating of forage grass seed and powder. Otherwise, through the force analysis diagram of the powder and forage grass seed, we can notice that the collision force reaches the maximum at 0.61 and 0.81 s. It shows that the bonding effect of the powder and forage grass seed is the best, and it is easy to seed pelleting. The conclusions are consistent with the velocity and displacement curves. Furthermore, the results of experiment show that when the coating pan speed is 40 r/min, the vibrating frequency of the coating pot is 20 Hz, the dip angle of the coating pot is 35°, the coating time is 20 min, the single seed rate of pelleting coating can be reached 82.08%, the coating qualified rate can be reached 98.22%. The results can provide references for the coating of small irregular seeds.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Coatings
Controlled terms:Experiments - Granulation - Pelletizing - Seed - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Average velocity - Dispersion degree - Displacement curve - Particle collision - Simulation - Simulation graphs - Three-dimensional model - Vibration force field
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 813.2 Coating Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20175104564567
Title:Load, contact behavior and natural characteristics of non-pneumatic elastic wheel with local damage hinge group
Authors:Zang, Liguo (1, 2); Zhao, Youqun (2); Sun, Haiyan (1); Yin, Rongdong (1); Lin, Fen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile & Rail Transit, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China; (2) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing; 210016, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Youqun(yqzhao@nuaa.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:102-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The conventional pneumatic tires have disadvantages in terms of puncture, blowout at high speed, pressure maintenance, and so on. Due to these structural inevitable weaknesses, non-pneumatic tires have been developed and are being investigated. A new non-pneumatic elastic wheel was proposed and studied to solve these problems. As an important bearing member of the non-pneumatic elastic wheel, the force of hinge group is very complex and it has a significant effect on the performance of the wheel. However, in the complex off-road driving, the hinge group has to withstand complex random load and impact load, and inevitably there will be damage failure. In order to explore the performance change of the wheel after the failure of the important bearing parts, it is necessary to study the influence of the hinge group with local damage on the performance of the non-inflated elastic wheel. In this paper, an experimental study on basic characteristics of non-pneumatic elastic wheel with local hinge group fracture damage was conducted in order to enhance the reliability. Based on tire characteristic test-bed, the tests on basic characteristics of static radical stiffness and contact behavior as well as the modal test were conducted. The wheel with local damage, one hinge group of which was disassembled, was used to simulate hinge group fracture condition in this paper. The results show that the effect of the hinge group fracture damage on the wheel load characteristics is the decrease of the radial stiffness, and it is also related to the damage position on the non-pneumatic elastic wheel. The radial stiffness of non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel is 593.06 N/mm, and the corresponding values of the non-pneumatic elastic wheel with fractured hinge group on horizontal position and vertical position are 443.2 and 385.4 N/mm, respectively. Compared with non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel, the numerical value of radial stiffness is reduced by 25% and 35% respectively on horizontal position and vertical position when the fractured hinge group is installed. That is to say the consistency of radial stiffness and deformation uniformity get worse for the wheel with local damage, so the poor performance of riding comfort of non-pneumatic elastic wheel appears. The influence of the hinge group fracture damage on the grounding pressure distribution is the change of grounded imprinting length and grounded area. Under the same vertical load, these 2 indicators of the non-pneumatic elastic wheel with fractured hinge group increase compared with non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel. When the vertical load is 7 262 N, the imprinting length of the non-pneumatic elastic wheel with fractured hinge group on horizontal position is 138 mm, and the numerical value of non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel is 120 mm. The ground imprinting length of the damaged wheel is increased by 15% compared with that of the non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel. The grounded imprinting width does not change, and the value remains at 285 mm. As a result, the total grounded area of the damaged wheel also increases. The area of the non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel is 34 200 mm<sup>2</sup>, and the area of damaged wheel increases to 39 330 mm<sup>2</sup>. The contact length and area of the wheel with local damage are greater than corresponding values of the non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel under the same load. The influence of the hinge group fracture damage on the wheel modal test is the change of the natural frequency, the damping coefficient and the modal shape. In addition to a few orders, the natural frequency of non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel is greater than that of non-pneumatic elastic wheel with local damage hinge group, and the damping coefficient of the most of non-damaged non-pneumatic elastic wheel is less than that of non-pneumatic elastic wheel with local damage hinge group. The value of the amplitude of modes gets smaller for the non-pneumatic elastic wheel with local damage hinge group.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Wheels
Controlled terms:Damping - Fracture - Loads (forces) - Modal analysis - Natural frequencies - Off road vehicles - Pneumatics - Stiffness - Tires - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Basic characteristics - Contact behavior - Damping coefficients - Load characteristics - Local damage - Modal test - Non-pneumatic tires - Pressure maintenance
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 632.3 Pneumatics - 818.5 Rubber Products - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20175104564557
Title:Design and experiment of operating process for collecting residual film compacted truck
Authors:Liu, Jinbao (1); Zheng, Xuan (2); Zhao, Yan (2); Chen, Xuegeng (2); Liu, Xingai (1); Ge, Shilin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Keshen Agricultural Equipment Technology Development Co., LTD, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Machinery Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Xuan(jiazhengxuan@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:17-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The high impurity content and the residual film loosening have led to the problems that the recovery rate of residual film is low, the machine loading capacity is small, and the mechanized operation process is not continuous. In order to solve these problems, we put forward 3 kinds of recycling models of residual film recovery after cotton harvest, and analyzed the operation process and operating features of these 3 kinds of recycling methods. The first kind of recycling process was as follows: Firstly, the straw returning machine set up the residual film strip; secondly, the heap of the residual film was set before cotton stalk recovery; finally, the truck collecting and compacting residual film picked up the heap of the residual film gathered. For the second kind of recycling process, cotton straw chopping and residual plastic film collection strip combined machine was firstly operated; next, the truck collecting and compacting residual plastic film picked up the heap of the residual film gathered. The third kind of recycling process was as follows: Firstly, straw returning machine operates, or cotton stalk pulling machine operates; secondly, the truck collecting and compacting residual film picked up the surface residual plastic film. A new operation mode was designed for the truck collecting and compacting residual film. The machine consists of impurities separation mechanism, pickup mechanism, residual film shedding mechanism, residual film compression mechanism, and hydraulic control system. Machine can simultaneously complete separation of residual film and impurities, residual film pickup and delivery, and residual film compression. A kind of structure preventing residual film winding was designed, and spring teeth and pole teeth in this structure were in staggered arrangement. The equations of the motion of impurities separation mechanism and pickup mechanism were respectively established, and the process of impurities separation mechanism and pickup mechanism operation was analyzed. The rotational speed of the end of the spring teeth was calculated to be 240 r/min, and the rotational speed of the pole teeth end of the picking mechanism was 90 r/min. The mechanism was designed, which could prevent residual film shedding mechanism from congestion. The operation process of the residual film conveying mechanism was analyzed, and the rotational speed of the end of film removing blade was 1 000 r/min. A kind of electronically controlled hydraulic compression system was designed, and the residual film loading of the compressed film box was improved. Then we examined the capability of the prototype and checked its production functions in field. The size of the heap of the residual film and the proportion of the residual film were recovered in the different distances for the first kind of recovery process model and the second kind of recovery process model. The prototype field experiments showed that, with the increase of the work distance of gathering up the film, the size of the residual film stack was increasing, and the proportion of residual film was decreased obviously. In the case of the same work distance gathering up the residual, the impurity content in the first kind of recycling process was higher than that of the second kind of recycling process, and the recovery rate of the residual film in the first kind of recycling process was lower than that of the second kind of recycling process. The recovery effects of three kinds of recovery processes were compared. The first kind of recovery method included gathering up the residual film before cotton stalk recovery-collecting residual film and compressing, with a work distance of gathering up the film of less than 40 m, and its pickup work was better. The secondary recovery method included gathering up the film after cotton stalk returning-setting heap of the residual film gathered-collecting residual film and compressing, with a work distance of gathering up the film of less than 60 m, and its pickup work was better, with a pickup rate of greater than 80%. The third recovery method included cotton stalk recovery-collecting residual film and compressing, and when the stubble height was less than 80 mm, the collecting rate of residual film reached 88.21%. The truck collecting and compacting residual film could pick up and compress the residue film in 8 hm<sup>2</sup>field. The rate of film winding was less than 2%. Through compression test, it demonstrated, to ensure the smooth operation of the machine when the operating speed of the machine was 1.9 m/s, the reciprocating compression time of compression cylinder was 20 s; the compression density was up to 300 kg/m<sup>3</sup>.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Recovery
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Compression testing - Cotton - Design - Equations of motion - Experiments - Hydraulic machinery - Impurities - Machine design - Pickups - Plastic films - Plastic recycling - Poles - Recycling - Secondary recovery - Structural design - Trucks - Winding
Uncontrolled terms:Conveying mechanisms - Hydraulic compression - Hydraulic control systems - Mechanism operations - Recovery methods - Residual films - Separation mechanism - Staggered arrangement
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.2 Calculus - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20175104564591
Title:Dynamics of soil carbon storage under different land use years in arid agriculture
Authors:Luo, Qiong (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yugang (1, 2); Deng, Caiyun (1, 2, 3); Niu, Ziru (1, 2, 3); Li, Yan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi; 830011, China; (2) National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang; 831505, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yugang(wangyg@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:287-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The impact of agricultural land use on soil carbon storage is one of the international scientific focuses in climate-change mitigation. Aimed to understand the effect of agricultural land development and utilization on soil carbon storage, a study was conducted in different period of farmland at the Fubei Farm of Sangong River Basin in Xinjiang, northwest of China (87°49′-88°16′E, 43°50′-44°22′N). The agricultural lands were selected within different land use years such as 1, 5, 15, 30 and 50 a in the studied area, and the wasteland with little disturbance was selected as a reference land in the same soil type and near position of cropland. Soil samples from these sites were obtained by handy soil auger at 20 cm intervals in a depth of 200 cm and analyzed in the laboratory. Samples were air-dried and crushed to pass through a 2-mm mesh. The patterns of soil carbon storage and its dynamic change were analyzed and compared with the depth of 0-200 cm in recent 50 years, including soil organic carbon, soil inorganic carbon and soil salinity. The results revealed the following: 1) Soil carbon content generally increased with land use years. Soil inorganic carbon content changed by soil depth, with a maximum value of 20.96 g/kg at 180-200 cm. Soil organic carbon presented an opposite trend with the maximum value of 9.51 g/kg at 0-20 cm; 2) In the soil profile, The coefficients of variation of soil carbon content (including organic carbon and inorganic carbon) was gradually increased to moderate intensity variation in 0-80 cm, and then rapidly reduced by more than 40% underneath 80 cm, indicating that the long-term agricultural land development and utilization in arid area had a significant impact on the distribution of soil carbon at 0-80 cm. The variability of soil inorganic carbon and soil total carbon tended to be enhanced with the land use years, while the organic carbon tended to weaken in recent 50 years; 3) The ratio of SIC to SOC increased with the depths of soil layer, and it changed from 0.028 in wasteland to 0.08 in 50 years of cropland (P<0.01). It suggested that the proportion of soil inorganic carbon increased with soil depth and land use years, indicating the role of soil inorganic carbon was enhanced in the long-term agricultural land use process in arid area; 4) During the development and utilization of agricultural land in the past 50 years, the soil carbon storage increased significantly at 0-200 cm depth of soil profile, which was a typical process of carbon sequestration in the studied area. The increased soil inorganic carbon storage and organic carbon storage were mainly showed in 100-200 cm and 0-100 cm respectively. But the amounts of carbon source/sink were different in the soil layer and land use years; 5) Soil salinity showed a decreasing trend along with land use years. Compared to value in wasteland, soil salinity decreased by 655% in land use of 50 a (P<0.001). The linear fitting of salinity and carbon content showed that there was a significant negative correlation between salinity and soil inorganic carbon and total carbon (P<0.10), while no significant correlation with the soil organic carbon (P>0.05). The results showed that the agricultural use leads to an obvious C sink in the soil only in the long term.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Arid regions - Carbon - Carbon capture - Climate change - Forestry - Land use - Organic carbon
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon accumulation - Climate change mitigation - Coefficients of variations - Development and utilizations - Inorganic carbon - Organic carbon storages - Soil inorganic carbons - Variation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20175104564577
Title:Simulation and validation of enhanced snowmelt runoff model with topographic factor
Authors:Muattar, Saydi (1, 2); Ding, Jianli (1, 2); Cui, Chunliang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry of Education, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Research Institute, Urumqi; 830049, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(watarid@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:179-186
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Snowmelt runoff is an important component of streamflow in the arid and semi-arid watersheds. It is often simulated by a snowmelt runoff model (SRM), an empirical temperature-index model with 3 main variables, such as air temperature, precipitation and snow cover area (SCA) and some additional deterministic parameters describing the basin characteristics. However, the SRM model only considers the effect of elevation on snowmelt and does not consider the effect of aspect and slope on the mountainous area. In order to introduce this model to the Urumqi River basin located at the northern slopes of Tianshan mountain, Xinjiang where the data acquisition was difficult, in this study, we improved the traditional SRM with topographic factor and validated the reliability of the enhanced snowmelt runoff model in simulating the daily runoff. The topographic factors of aspect and slope were introduced in the traditional SRM model. The degree-day factor in the traditional SRM model was improved by adjusted temperature based on aspect and slope. The adjusted values were obtained from previous studies on relationships between air temperature and aspect. Finally, the enhanced SRM included the aspect, slope and elevation. The Urumqi River basin covers an area of 1 073.64 km<sup>2</sup>, ranges in elevation from 1 683 to 4 459 m with the average elevation of 3 066 m. Three hydro-meteorological stations were available in this region. The watershed was classified into 5 elevation zones for traditional SRM and further into 14 zones by the aspect and slope for the enhanced SRM. Meteorological and hydrological data were collected daily from 3 hydro-meteorological stations located in the watershed, and the SCA was extracted from satellite images of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS).The precipitation data from Daxigou station was used to represent the most area of this region based on the relative high correlation between precipitation and runoff. In addition, the data from Yingxiongqiao and Yuejinqiao stations were also included in the low latitude area since the Daxigou station was located in the high elevation area. The degree-day factor and snow runoff coefficient and rain runoff coefficient were obtained for different elevation zones from literatures and empirical formula. The traditional and enhanced SRM models both were used to simulate the daily snowmelt runoff during the snowmelt season of spring and summer in 2007 with limited hydro-meteorological data. For the model validation, the daily runoff for the spring and summer snowmelt seasons from 2005 to 2006 was selected. The results showed that the enhanced models could well simulate daily snowmelt runoff in the mountainous catchments. After including the aspect and slope in the calculation of snowmelt water and numbers of degree-day, the enhanced SRM considering topographic factors performed better than the traditional SRM. The 3-year average of nash-sutcliffe R<sup>2</sup>was increased from 0.77 for the traditional SRM model to 0.80 for the enhanced SRM, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was decreased from 5.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s for the traditional SRM to 5.35 m<sup>3</sup>/s for the enhanced SRM. The relative error of the total runoff amount was decreased from 4.17% for the traditional SRM to 2.16% for the enhance SRM. It can be concluded that the enhanced SRM with topographic factors proposed a new method to improve the daily snowmelt runoff simulation with the better performance and has a high potential to simulate snowmelt runoff in an arid mountainous watershed with sparse data.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Catchments - Data acquisition - Mean square error - Meteorology - Radiometers - Satellite imagery - Snow - Snow melting systems - Topography - Watersheds - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Aspect - Degree days - Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer - Precipitation and runoff - Root mean square errors - Simulation and validation - Slope - Snowmelt
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 655.2 Satellites - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20175104564589
Title:Simulation and prediction of land use change in Three Gorges Reservoir Area based on MCE-CA-Markov
Authors:Zhang, Xiaojuan (1); Zhou, Qigang (1, 2, 3); Wang, Zhaolin (2); Wang, Fuhai (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (2) College of Tourism and Land Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (3) Rongzhi College of Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400055, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Qigang(zqg1050@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:268-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to achieve better coordination between land use and ecological environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, this paper explored the pattern and mechanism of the evolution of land use since the reservoir was built and impounded. Based on Landsat TM image data of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2000, 2007 and 2014, the first step of the research was to obtain basic information of present land use through ArcGIS 10.1, then generate land use change map to analyze land use changes in 2000-2014, and calculate land use transfer matrix to analyze the flow characteristics of land use in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2000-2007 and 2007-2014, respectively. Second, multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) - cellular automata Markov chain (CA-Markov) model was used to simulate self-organizing evolution of land use in the reservoir area. In particular, the MCE model was used to make maps of land use suitability and the CA-Markov model was used to calculate the land use transfer matrix. The accuracy of MCE-CA-Markov simulation was tested against multi-temporal remote sensing images and the Kappa coefficient was found to be 0.971 2. Third, land use structure in 2028 was forecasted with the tested constraints and the combinations of factors of land use evolution. Overall, findings included: 1) It was feasible to simulate land use evolution with MCE-CA-Markov. 2) During 2000-2014, types of land use change areas, sorted from large to small, were stable change > late change > early change > repeated changes > continuous change. Especially, areas of cropland and forestland were mainly changed to water area and construction land, while the changes of the areas of grassland and unused land were not very obvious and scattered in space due to their smaller areas. 3) The land use pattern in 2014 from the simulation was consistent with that from interpreted remote sensing images and the relative accuracy reached 84.48% after verification. 4) Our model predicted that, up to 2028, cropland and forestland are still 2 main land use types in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area although their areas continue to decline. Most of their areas change to water area and construction land. The areas of water and construction land will continue to increase and they expand mainly around their original sites. Compared to the period of 2000-2014, their future increases will be bigger. Grassland and unused land are still scattered and have smaller changes. In general, the prediction shows that land use change is very active in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and, by 2028, the pressure for ecological environment restoration and reconstruction in the reservoir area is still very high. Therefore, it is urgently needed to strengthen the protection of cropland, forestland and grassland in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, to control and prevent blind reclamation of cropland and illegal construction, to correctly balance economic development and ecological environment and to protect and improve the ecological environment in the reservoir area. This research is expected to provide theoretical support for land use planning, urban construction and ecological environment restoration in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economics - Forestry - Markov processes - Remote sensing - Reservoirs (water) - Restoration - Space optics - Transfer matrix method
Uncontrolled terms:CA-Markov - Ecological environments - Evolution - Multi-criteria evaluation - Multi-temporal remote sensing - Restoration and reconstruction - Simulation - Three gorges reservoir area
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 441.2 Reservoirs - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 656.1 Space Flight - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20175104564583
Title:Emission characteristics of particulate matter during combustion of cotton stalk
Authors:Cheng, Wei (1); Chen, Hanping (1, 2); Yang, Haiping (1); Shao, Jingai (1, 2); Yang, Wei (1); Zhu, Youjian (3); Li, Jiashuo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (3) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Hanping(fbghust@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:223-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, DEKATI low pressure impactor and drop tube furnace combustion system were combined to study the emission characteristics of particulate matter during the combustion. The formation mechanism of particulate matter was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Proximate and ultimate analysis of cotton stalk sample showed that the ash content and the fixed carbon content of the cotton were lower, the volatile content was higher and the overall calorific value was lower compared with coal. It was found that the yield of PM<inf>1</inf>during the combustion experiments decreased significantly with the increase of the combustion temperature by mass distribution analysis. The combustion temperature increased from 1173 to 1473 K. The yield of PM<inf>1</inf>decreased from 68.90 to 14.02 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. At the same time, the total yield of particulate matter also decreased from 75.41 to 16.30 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. And the peak of particle distribution moved from around 0.609 to around 0.261 μm. The smaller the particle size of the raw material, the lower the yield of PM<inf>1</inf>. The yield of PM<inf>1</inf>decreased from 39.84 mg/m<sup>3</sup>to 23.06 mg/m<sup>3</sup>with the decrease of the particle size of the raw material. By contrast, the yield of PM<inf>1-10</inf>increased from 5.18 to 8.38 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. The yield of particle under PM<inf>0.1</inf>was very low, only 0.38 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, so the particle size of the raw material had no obvious effect on it. The mass-based particle size distributions (PSD) of particulate matter exhibited a bimodal distribution. The analysis of elements showed that the fine particle (0.028-0.261 μm) mainly consisted of K, Cl and a little amount of S. The main forming pathway of the fine particle was vaporization-condensation of the alkali compound such as KCl, KOH and K<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>. However, heterogeneous condensation, agglomeration and coalescence contributed to PM<inf>1</inf>formation at a certain degree during the combustion. The microstructure of the fine particle was regular and the main component was KCl. The elements of coarse particle (1.590-9.860 μm) were mainly composed of Ca, Mg and a small amount of Si and P. The main forming pathway of the coarse particle was the fracture of large particle or the transformation of Ca-rich, Mg-rich and Si-rich particles with heterogeneous condensation. In addition, the formation of silicates and phosphates influenced the formation of coarse particle. The surface shape of the coarse particle was mostly spherical. Intermediate particle (0.261-1.590 μm) belonged to the transition section and had the characteristics of both fine particle and coarse particle in complex microstructure.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms:Calcium - Carbon - Chlorine compounds - Coal combustion - Coking properties - Combustion - Condensation - Condensation reactions - Cotton - Magnesium - Microstructure - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Particulate emissions - Potash - Potassium compounds - Scanning electron microscopy - Silicates - Size distribution - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion experiments - Combustion temperatures - Complex microstructures - Emission characteristics - Heterogeneous condensation - Low pressure impactor - Particle distributions - Particulate Matter
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 524 Solid Fuels - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20175104564555
Title:Meta-analysis on effect of degradable film mulching on maize yield in China
Authors:Yin, Minhua (1, 2); Li, Yuannong (1, 2); Shen, Shenglong (1, 2); Ren, Quanmao (1, 2); Xu, Luquan (1, 2); Wang, Xingyao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuannong(liyuannong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic film mulching has become an important cultivation practice in agricultural production in China. However, the residuals of plastic film in soil continuously increase with its considerable application. These residuals cause a series of negative effects on environment and land. Degradable film is recognized as a feasible choice to replace plastic film. This study aimed to reveal the influence mechanism and comprehensive effects of degradable film mulching on maize yield. A total of 28 papers were selected from published articles before November in 2016, and meta-analysis was applied. Critical information was obtained from each study, including experimental site, planting pattern, site altitude, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, experimental duration, degradable film thickness, degradable film types, and maize yield. The collected data were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, no mulching was taken as the control for degradable film mulching, including 24 available comparison pairs. In the second group, plastic film mulching was taken as the control for degradable film mulching, including 24 available comparisons. The main steps included heterogeneity test, comprehensive effect size calculation, publication bias test and correction, sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis, meta regression analysis and influence factor analysis. The results showed that in the first group, degradable film mulching averagely increased maize yield by 17.8% compared with no mulching. There were no publication bias and extreme value. The cumulative yield increasing effect of degradable film mulching trended to be stable over time. Biodegradable film had a stable maize yield than photo degradable film and photo-biodegradable film. The degradable film with 0.008 mm thickness had a significantly higher maize yield than that with 0.006 mm. The yield increasing effect of degradable film mulching trended to be smooth during years of 2002-2015 with a range of 13.4%-17.3%, and was the highest (29.0%) in Gansu Province. There was a publication bias but no extreme value in the second group. Before publication bias was corrected, the maize yield was significantly lower under degradable film mulching than that under plastic film mulching. However, this difference was not significant after publication bias correction. The maize yield was not significant between degradable film mulching and plastic film mulching in regions, where altitude was higher than 1 000 m, average annual temperature was lower than 10 ℃, and flat planting and 0.008 mm film was used. The difference and variation of maize yield under degradable film mulching and plastic film mulching decreased in the last 5 years. In summary, degradable film mulching could achieve a high maize yield in regions with high altitude and low temperature, and flat planting using 0.008 mm film. This research can provide valuable information for the development and large-scale application of degradable film.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Sensitivity analysis
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cultivation - Plastic films - Precipitation (chemical) - Publishing - Regression analysis - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Average annual precipitation - Heterogeneity - Influence factor analysis - Large-scale applications - Maize - Meta analysis - Yield
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20175104564562
Title:Parameters optimization and experiment of oriented alignment system for maize seed group based on electromagnetic vibration
Authors:Quan, Longzhe (1); Xi, Dejun (1); Xiao, Yunhan (1); Wang, Jiansen (1); Zhang, Mingjun (1); Wang, Hongfei (1); Zhang, Tianyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:59-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The study of corn mechanization planting orientation is still in the primary stage. Design of relevant institutions is mostly based on conceptual design of ideal grain shape, and the study on the basic characteristics and basic theory on corn particle swarm oriented alignment technology is lack. The motion state is more complex and affects the oriented alignment effects of maize grain seriously in electromagnetic vibration modes on maize grain in line in the process of conveying and sorting grain. Understanding of mechanical properties and optimization of vibration source parameters are the premise and key to get better oriented alignment effect of maize grain in the study of maize grain in vibration field. At first, this paper established the model of maize grain sliding motion through the force analysis of corn grain in the electromagnetic vibration system, and also obtained the minimum amplitude of the system of 0.05 mm which was the critical condition of contacts between the kernel and platform. Secondly, considering the special physical characteristics of corn grain, 1000 grains for each kind among 5 different kinds of corn with high quality in directional cultivation conditions were selected, and the instruments were adopted, such as the electronic balance with precision electronic scale of 0.01 g, the BPG-9.30AH electric thermostat blast drying box and MXD-01 friction coefficient instrument. For the different types of maize grains, the measured water content is in the range of 13.88%-14.53%, the density range is 1.13-1.19 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and the sliding friction coefficient range between corn and hard rubber is 0.58-0.79. The corn planting orientation still relies on artificial pendulum, lacking mechanized corn directional seeding device. In order to make corn group oriented alignment system achieve directional cultivation, directional seeding accuracy requirements, and design parameters of the electromagnetic vibration system for corn particle swarm oriented alignment performance, were analyzed, as well as kinematics and dynamics of the system. The relationship between seed oriented alignment process and design parameters of system was explored in order to satisfy critical conditions requirements; the selected parameters had significant influence on the working performance of the system, and the main parameters affecting the performance of oriented alignment were the direction angle of vibration, vibration amplitude and frequency. On the corn particle swarm oriented alignment test platform, through the 2 orthogonal rotation design tests with 3 factors, the design parameters were optimized, and the factor and test index (directional success rate, the success rate of the entire column) regression equation was established. The optimal design parameters range was as follows: Vibrating direction angle was 32°-35°, amplitude was 0.1-0.15 mm, and vibration frequency was 51.5-52 Hz; corresponding to the test index, directional success rate was in the range of 63.8%-67.4%, the success rate of entire column was 95.8%-96.3%; the optimal combination of design parameters was the vibration direction angle of 34.42°, the amplitude of 0.14 mm and the vibration frequency of 51.77 Hz. The best combination of parameters was used in system verification test, with the high speed camera system implementation of recording and analysis on grain oriented alignment process, and in the absence of mechanical assisted mechanism, the average success rate of the orientation reached 66.2%, the success rate of entire column was 97.4%. The research can provide reference for the directional planting of maize grain and the development of directional seedling-raising equipment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Vibrations (mechanical)
Controlled terms:Alignment - Conceptual design - Cultivation - Design - Dynamics - Electronic scales - Friction - Grain (agricultural product) - High speed cameras - High speed photography - Machinery - Models - Optimization - Seed - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Corn grain - Electromagnetic vibrations - High speed camera systems - Kinematics and dynamics - Optimal design parameters - Parameters optimization - Physical characteristics - Sliding friction coefficient
Classification code:601.1 Mechanical Devices - 742.1 Photography - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20175104564584
Title:Effect of stocking density on breeding environment and production performance of beef cattle
Authors:Chen, Zhaohui (1, 2); Liu, Yuhuan (1, 2); Wu, Zhonghong (1, 2); Wang, Meizhi (1, 2); Liu, Jijun (1, 2); Yang, Shitang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Gao'anYufeng Agriculture Co., Ltd, Gao'an; 330800, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:229-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to figure out the optimum stocking density for beef cattle growth and seek the improvement of economic benefits in beef cattle farms, related experiments were carried out at the beef cattle experimental station of Gao'an City, Jiangxi Province from December 26, 2016 to January 22, 2017. In the beef barns with the fixed area of 18 m<sup>2</sup>, we respectively selected 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 heads of hybrid cattle with initial body weight between 182 and 282 kg, and thus area per calf was designed as 6.0, 4.5, 3.6, 3.0, and 2.0 m<sup>2</sup>/head correspondingly. Each treatment with different stocking density was repeated 2 times to obtain exact conclusion. The results of this experiment showed that the feed intake per calve per day which was fed in group of 2.0 m<sup>2</sup>/head was 11.90 kg, which was significantly higher than that fed in the other treatment groups (P<0.05). Although it held the highest feed intake, frustratingly we found that the weight gain effect was poor, only 1.09 kg per head per day for the 2.0 m<sup>2</sup>/head group. Calves held in 3.6 m<sup>2</sup>/head treatment group, which had the middle-level feed intake of 10.96 kg per calve per day, turned out that they gained the best effect of weight gain of 1.41 kg everyday. We figured out the weight gain increased by 29% compared with those treatments that were designed as 2.0 m<sup>2</sup>/head, respectively. During this experiment, we also surveyed related environmental index to help us evaluate the best stocking density for calves. We found that there were no significant differences in indoor temperature, relative humidity or average velocity between different treatments, but when it came to deleterious gas concentration, especially for carbon dioxide concentration and ammonia concentration, results were different. The conclusions were drawn that with the increase of stocking density, the indoor carbon dioxide concentrations were determined as 1 056.38, 1 108.44, 1 172.65, 1 200.89, and 1 398.19 mg/m<sup>3</sup>respectively, showing an upward trend. The calves fed in 2 m<sup>2</sup>/head treatment group reached a maximum value of ammonia concentration of 3.23 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, which was 1.44, 1.60, 2.10 and 2.86 times that of the treatments with area per calf of 2.0, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 m<sup>2</sup>/head, respectively, while in 6 m<sup>2</sup>/head treatment group, ammonia concentration was only determined as 1.13 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Different experimental groups held notable differences (P<0.05), and in summary the concentration of harmful gas production was positively related to the number of livestock. For 2 m<sup>2</sup>/head treatment group, the standing time (including fight time) was determined as 11.84 h per day, and with the decrease of stocking density, standing time reduced. As for the dirt degree, the score was evaluated as 2.09 for the 2 m<sup>2</sup>/head treatment group, and therefore cattle's bodies in this treatment group seemed to be the dirtiest among all the experimental groups. As for fight time and dirt degree, 3.6 m<sup>2</sup>/head held the middle state. These findings suggest that the 3.6 m<sup>2</sup>/head treatment group, which leads to a high feed conversion rate and results in a middle-level animal welfare, is the optimum feeding density for beef cattle with a weight of 182-282 kg and holds great advantage to cattle farm developing.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Meats
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Animals - Beef - Behavioral research - Carbon dioxide - Speed control - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia concentrations - Animal welfare - Beef cattle - Breeding environments - Carbon dioxide concentrations - Experimental stations - Production performance - Stocking density
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20175104564592
Title:Development of portable device for simultaneous detection on multi-quality attributes of tomato by visible and near-infrared
Authors:Wang, Fan (1); Li, Yongyu (1); Peng, Yankun (1); Li, Long (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National R&D Center for Agro-processing Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yongyu(yyli@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:295-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to meet the demand of quality control in the process of fruit and vegetable processing, a portable fast non-destructive testing device for portable tomato was developed based on the visible / near-infrared transmission spectrum. Based on the analysis of the difficulties in the development of portable devices with near infrared transmission spectra, a portable design system of tomato quality was proposed. The system of the device mainly included the light source, the signal acquisition module, the signal processing module, the power, the heat dissipation module and the printer. The light source consists of 8 5 W halogen lamps that provide a light source for the sample. The spectrometer is connected to the focusing lens and collects the spectral curve through the sample. In order to solve the volumetric problem of the transmission spectrum detection scheme, the spectrometer and the coupling lens are mounted on the hand-held member. The development board has a tomato multi-quality parameter prediction model, the curve collected by the spectrometer is processed, and the prediction results are displayed on the LCD (liquid crystal display). This device can print the test results in real time through the print module. Based on this device, the visible and near-infrared total transmission spectra of tomato in the range of 650-1100 nm were collected, and the collected spectra were pretreated by Savitzky-Golay Smooth (SG-Smooth), standard normal variable transformation (SNV), first derivative (FD), multiplication scattering correction (MSC) and Normalization (NOR). The partial least squares prediction model of color and hardness, total acid and total sugar content of the tomato was established. In addition, based on QT development tools, tomato multi-quality non-destructive testing real-time analysis and control software was prepared. The multi-quality parameter prediction model of tomato was implanted into the device to predict the quality of the tomatoes. Finally, the stability and detection accuracy of the portable fast and non-destructive testing device of tomato were tested, and 20 samples were selected for repeated detection of the internal and external quality of tomato. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of tomato color between the predicted value and the measured value was 0.952 8, and the root mean square error was 2.703 8; the correlation coefficient of firmness between the predicted value and the measured value was 0.940 5, and the root mean square error is 0.448 6 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>; the correlation coefficient of the total acid content was 0.953 7, and the mean square error was 0.326 3%; the correlation coefficient of total sugar of tomato between the predicted value and the measured value was 0. 961 0 and the root mean square error was 0.197 4%. The maximum relative errors of red color, hardness, total acid and total sugar under repeated detection for tomato samples were 2.9%, 1.9%, 2.0% and 1.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the field application results indicate that this portable device can satisfy the requirements of tomato quality detection with high accuracy and good performance. The results provide the reference for rapid, non-destructive, and on-site detection technology and equipment of fruit internal quality.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Bridge decks - Color - Errors - Forecasting - Fruits - Hardness - Infrared devices - Infrared spectroscopy - Least squares approximations - Light sources - Liquid crystal displays - Mean square error - Models - Nondestructive examination - Plasma diagnostics - Portable equipment - Signal processing - Software testing - Spectrometers - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Non destructive testing - Nondestructive detection - Partial least square (PLS) - Tomato - Variable transformation - Visible and near infrared - Visible/near infrared spectroscopy
Classification code:401.1 Bridges - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20175104564576
Title:Response of vegetation pattern characteristics to sediment yield in Dali River Basin
Authors:Li, Binbin (1, 4); Li, Zhanbin (2); Hao, Zhongyong (1, 3); Yang, Shengli (1, 3); Huang, Junxiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of MOE at XAUT, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (3) Bejing Engineering Research Center for Non-conventional Water Resources Utilization and Water Saving, Beijing; 100048, China; (4) College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhanbin(zbli@xaut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:171-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Landform, land cover and landscape pattern are important underlying surface conditions for basin erosion and the dominating factors for regional water and soil erosion. It is essential to study the law of water and soil loss in Loess Plateau area to find out how to quantize the features of basin underlying surface in a scientific and rational manner, establish a underlying surface indicator system suitable for describing the erosion environment of the Loess Plateau area, and study the interaction and coupling mechanism between various quantitative parameters and sediment generation arising from watershed erosion. By applying multi-disciplinary cross theory knowledge, combining GIS (geographic information system) and RS (remote sensing) technology, and taking Dalihe Watershed of Loess Plateau in north Shaanxi as the study area, this paper studied the relationship between the fractal dimension of vegetation distribution pattern and water and soil loss. The paper established a Brownian motion fractal dimension calculation model for the vegetation pattern of Dalihe Watershed based on NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index); the model illuminated the space distribution characteristics of NDVI of Dalihe Watershed. An erosion sediment yield model was also established for Dalihe Watershed, and the comparative study was performed on the advantages and disadvantages of the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) fractal dimension of vegetation pattern and the vegetation index NDVI in respect of comprehensive quantization of watershed vegetation parameters. The phase relation between fractal dimension of vegetation pattern and soil erosion intensity was analyzed, and the opinion that water and soil conservation for Dalihe Watershed should focus on small watersheds and the control measures thereof was proposed. In order to further study the general effects of FBM fractal dimension of vegetation coverage on vegetation coverage characteristics in different watersheds, and the application of fractal dimension in hydrology, soil erosion and other prediction models as a fixed parameter, substituting the existing quantitative indicator of vegetation, the paper established a multivariate linear regression model of erosion sediment yield for Dalihe Watershed through comprehensive analysis of the precipitation, runoff, sediment yield and other data of the watersheds monitored by such 3 hydrologic stations as Qingyangcha, Lijiahe and Caogeping, which are located at the upstream, middle reach and downstream of Dalihe Watershed respectively. The secondary rainfall runoff erosion power was set as the aggressive external force input, the FBM fractal dimension of geomorphologic characteristics in watershed controlled by station, the FBM fractal dimension of vegetation landscape pattern, and the vegetation index NDVI were used to describe the underlying surface features; the GIS was adopted as the platform, and the predicting outcomes of 2 groups of different parameters were compared and analyzed. The results show that: With fractal dimension of vegetation pattern as vegetation quantization parameter, both the relative error and absolute error between the simulation value of sediment transport module of the model and the measured value are smaller than that with NDVI as vegetation quantization parameter. Among 38 storm floods, 13 of them present that the relative error between the simulated value and measured value is lower than 10% with fractal dimension of vegetation pattern as vegetation quantization parameter in the rainstorm-sediment transport module of the model, accounting for 34.21% of the total; 21 of them present a relative error lower than 20%, accounting for 55.26% of the total; 32 of them present a relative error lower than 50%, accounting for 86.85% of the total; in the above 38 storm floods, the average relative error between the simulated value and measured value is 25.19%, including 31 storm floods showing an absolute error of lower than 300 t/km<sup>2</sup>between the simulated value and measured value. FBM fractal dimension of vegetation pattern can better reflect the relationship between vegetation coverage and water and soil loss. In addition, the analysis shows that fractal dimension of vegetation pattern presents a negative correlation with soil erosion intensity and the correlation coefficient is 0.506 6. It indicates that soil erosion intensity shows downtrend along with the increasing of FBM fractal dimension of vegetation pattern, which means that FBM fractal dimension of vegetation pattern significantly affects soil erosion intensity.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fractal dimension
Controlled terms:Brownian movement - Environmental regulations - Erosion - Errors - Floods - Fractals - Geographic information systems - Information systems - Landforms - Linear regression - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Rivers - Runoff - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Storms - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Fractional brownian motion - GIS (geographic information system) - Multivariate linear regression model - Normalized difference vegetation index - Quantitative indicators - Quantitative parameters - Soil and water loss - Water and soil conservations
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20175104564572
Title:Economic benefit analysis of variable-rate fertilization technology in maize (Zea mays) field based on partial budget analysis method
Authors:Chen, Jing (1); Wu, Yongchang (1); Chen, Liping (2); Zhao, Chunjiang (2); Wang, Yongsheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100096, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Yongchang(wuyongchang@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:141-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precision agriculture is a modern agricultural technique which helps improve the yield and quality of crops, increase economic returns and reduce the pollution in agricultural ecological environment. In China, the effectiveness and economic benefits of applying precision agriculture technologies are not yet clear, which is an important factor that may hinder the popularization and application of precision agriculture technologies, such as variable-rate fertilizer application. Before changing from one production method to another, the farmer considers many factors, such as additional costs, and additional income resulting from the change. In this research, we aimed to estimate the effect on net benefit of changing from unified fertilizer application to variable rate fertilizer application. Partial budget was used to assess the costs and benefits associated with this specific change in a maize farm, which was based on a unit so data were collected from one large maize farm in the northeast of China. Field experiments were carried out in 2015 at Zhaoguang farm in Heilongjiang province, a typical large farm of northeast China. In this study, two fertilization treatments were included: 1) uniform nitrogen fertilization (CK), 12 hm<sup>2</sup>in area, 2) variable rate nitrogen fertilization (VF), 6.67 hm<sup>2</sup>in area. In the VF treatment plot. Crop yield goal was set up, soil samples were taken from a 50 m×50 m grid, and Alkali-soluble soil nitrogen was used as available nitrogen during the growing season. Based on those, we generated a variable rate nitrogen fertilization prescription map for maize using ArcGIS. The fertilizer was applied to the farm land as the prescription by variable-rate fertilizer applicator. Other farmland management measures of these two experiment treatments were the same. The main results were: 1) maize yield was improved by 1.8% through the variable rate fertilization compared with the unified fertilization, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount was decreased from 171.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>to 138.12 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, decreased by 19.4%. 2) Applying variable rate fertilization technique need investment 50.63 yuan per hm<sup>2</sup>more than uniform fertilization, and the net return was 383.23 yuan per hm<sup>2</sup>higher than uniform fertilization. The rate of return on the increased investment of change from unified fertilization to variable rate fertilization was 753%, much more than the minimum rate of return on agriculture investment (105%). 3) Suppose the subsidy for purchase variable rate fertilizer applicator was 30% of the purchase price, the annual depreciation of variable rate fertilizer applicator decreased from 70.95 yuan/year to 49.66 yuan/year. The rate of return on the increased investment of change from unified fertilization to variable rate fertilization increased to 1366% as the increased investment decreased to 29.61 yuan/year. In summary, the new technology should be feasible for farmers to accept according to the criteria for partial budget analysis. In addition, subsidy policy to purchasing variable rate fertilizer could increase the economic benefit of application of variable rate fertilization technology in large farms.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Applicators
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Budget control - Costs - Crops - Design - Earnings - Economic analysis - Economic and social effects - Economics - Fertilizers - Grain (agricultural product) - Investments - Models - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Sales
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environments - Economic benefit analysis - Economic benefits - Partial budget analysis - Precision agriculture technology - Variable rate fertilization - Variable rate fertilizer applicators - Variable rate fertilizers
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20175104564561
Title:Experiment on three-axis working resistances of rotary blade and working parameters optimization
Authors:Xiong, Pingyuan (1, 2); Yang, Zhou (1); Sun, Zhiquan (1); Zhu, Qingchuang (1); Zhu, Zhengbo (1); Gu, Yao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Department of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou; 510225, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zhou(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:51-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Small type rotary tillers are widely used in southern China. During the operation of rotary tiller, rotary blades will be subjected to three-axis working resistances. The forward resistance is the major source of power consumption, and meanwhile, the vertical resistance and lateral resistance will influence moving stationarity of whole machine and wear of blade respectively. So far, current research focuses on the relation model between forward resistance and working parameters, but little research has been done on vertical resistance and lateral resistance. There are many factors that could affect three-axis working resistances, such as the state of soil, geometry of rotary blade, operational parameters and position of blade in soil. In order to explore the relationships between working resistances and these factors, taking C-type rotary blade for the research object, single blade cutting resistance experiments were carried out in the soil bin. The experimental soil came from the orchard in Guangdong Province, and was red, clayey and wet. Considering the accuracy of experimental data and operability of process, bend angle of blade, working width, tilling depth, forward speed and phase angle were identified as the main experimental factors, resistance per unit working width of blade was identified as experimental index, and the orthogonal experiment with 7 factors and 3 levels was designed. Levels of each factor could be changed easily. Bend angle of blade and working width could be set in punch machine. Tilling depth could be controlled through the way of moving up and down the support frame on test vehicle. Forward speed could be quickly regulated by traction motor. Rotary blade would be installed on the cutter head, which had a center hole and curved groove, and phase angle could easily be controlled by adjusting fixed location of blade in the curved groove. The soil in the bin had 3 layers: uppermost layer, middle layer and lowest layer; the moisture content was 14.3%, 20.6%, and 29.8% respectively for the 3 soil layers, and the soil compactness was 105, 310, and 531 kPa respectively. Custom three-dimensional force sensor was adopted to measure resistances, with measure range of 2 kN. USB-4711 portable data acquisition card was used, with sampling rate of 100 Ks/s. The three-axis resistances detection system for cutter of agricultural machinery was designed based on Labview2012. By range analysis, significance test, k value analysis and linear regression modeling, the results showed that the primary and secondary order of the factors that affected forward resistance was tilling depth, working width, phase angle, bend angle and forward speed. Among them, working width and tilling depth had similar effect degree, bend angle and phase angle also had similar effect degree, and working width, and tilling depth had significant effect on the index. The optimal combination was bend angle of 120°, working width of 80 mm, tilling depth of 80 mm, phase angle of 60° and forward speed of 0.3 m/s. The primary and secondary order of the factors that affected vertical resistance was bend angle, tilling depth, phase angle, working width and forward speed. Bend angle, working width, tilling depth, and phase angle had similar effect degree, and also had significant effect on the index. The optimal combination was bend angle of 100°, working width of 80 mm, tilling depth of 80 mm, phase angle of 120°, and forward speed of 0.3 m/s. The primary and secondary order of the factors that affected lateral resistance was phase angle, tilling depth, bend angle, working width and forward speed. Tilling depth, phase angle and bend angle had similar effect degree, but they had no significant effect. The optimal combination was bend angle of 100°, working width of 80 mm, tilling depth of 80 mm, phase angle of 60°, and forward speed of 0.5 m/s. Making discussion about these results, and comprehensively considering the operation efficiency and energy saving, it is finally found that the best operating mode is bend angle of 120°, working width of 80 mm, tilling depth of 80 mm, and forward speed of 0.5 m/s in practice. The results of contrasting test in fields showed that torque and amplitude of walking rotary tiller were decreased by 12% and 21% respectively when working in the best operating mode. Although the mass wear of rotary blade increased, the wear per unit working width of blade was decreased by 16%. This study can provide the reference for saving energy, improving stationarity of rotary tiller and reducing blade wear.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Bins - C (programming language) - Data acquisition - Design - Energy conservation - Machine design - Optimization - Speed - Turbomachine blades
Uncontrolled terms:Linear regression models - Operation efficiencies - Operational parameters - Orthogonal experiment - Portable data acquisitions - Rotary blades - Three dimensional forces - Three-axis
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 601 Mechanical Design - 694.4 Storage - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20175104564578
Title:Appearance modeling and visualization of maize leaf with agronomic parameters
Authors:Miao, Teng (1, 2, 3, 4); Guo, Xinyu (1, 3, 4); Wen, Weiliang (1, 3, 4); Wang, Chuanyu (1, 3, 4); Xiao, Boxiang (1, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Xinyu(guoxy@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:187-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, we presents a method for modeling and visualization of crop leaves based on agronomic parameters in order to improve the production efficiency of three dimensional digital media for agricultural subjects. The field experiments were conducted in the experiment farm of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing City. During maize growth periods of jointing stage, horn mouth stage, florescence stage, grouting stage, maturation period and senility period, SPAD values of maize leaves were obtained by using SPAD-502 and four appearance parameters were collected by an apparent image acquisition system using linear light source. The four appearance parameters were diffuse reflectance, transparency, specular reflectance and roughness. In order to finely model the maize leaf appearance, leaf surface was divided into three structures including mesophyll, main vein and secondary vein. With the data, we analyzed the relationship between SPAD, growth period parameters and various kinds of appearance parameters of the three structures, respectively. We applied a variety of mathematical models to fit the data to describe the potential relationship between SPAD, growth period and diffuse, transparency appearance of mesophyll. Based on R<sup>2</sup>and RMSE, we selected quadratic function for diffuse reflectance and negative exponential function for transparency. The coefficients of determination for the RGB channels of final diffuse model of mesophyll were 0.913 7, 0.851 1, and 0.614 6, respectively, and their corresponding values of RMSE were 0.0154 9, 0.012 8, and 0.015 33. The coefficients of determination for the transparency model were 0.997 5, 0.991 3, and 0.990 7, respectively, and their corresponding values of RMSE were 0.006 4, 0.009 6, and 0.020 7. Data showed diffuse reflection and transparency of secondary vein could be classified into four sections by SPAD values and there was little difference between each class of appearance values. We used mean values of each section as diffuse and transparency parameters. The diffuse reflection and transparency of main vein has little change in whole growth periods. As such, we used mean values as unique and invariant apparent feature in diffuse and transmission reflection. We found that specular reflectance and roughness parameters of the three structures were not related to SPAD and growth period, therefore, mean values of these two appearance parameters obtained from all samples were used as a glossy appearance. Based on the above analysis, a series of quantitative appearance models for three structures were established respectively with SPAD and growth period as input parameters, and appearance material parameters as output. The spatial-varying appearance of leaf surface formed specific texture patterns. We abstracted the texture pattern and constructed a parameterized structure method to generate a structure texture image for synthesis of the geometric features of mesophyll, main vein and secondary vein structures. Each pixel of structure texture image represented a structure category of the point at this position, and we used the appearance models of each structure to assign appearance parameters for each pixel. Finally, four appearance textures were generated for simulating the appearance patterns of the leaf surface including diffuse texture, transparency texture, specular texture and roughness texture. A real-time rendering framework was developed to simulate the subtle interaction between plant leaves and light. In order to achieve a WYSIWYG display result, we simplified the light computing by decomposing light environment into a directional light source (sun) and some environment light sources (sky). A complete realistic effect was finally developed by combing the appearance model and illumination computation using a deferred lighting rendering framework which can simulate real-time shadows, ambient occlusion, and dynamic radiance from sun and sky. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach was capable of generating different appearance of crop leaves by controlling the agronomic parameters and achieving a visually satisfactory display result. Our method showed diffuse reflectance and transmittance were the most affected by the parameters of SPAD and growth stage, while the specular reflection and roughness parameters were always stable. There were differences in the fitting results of diffuse and transparency model of mesophyll in RGB channels, while simulation result indicated there was little impact on the final visualization effect. Our method has a great potential to become an effective visualization tool for agricultural application, such as crop model, agricultural education system, and digital media for agricultural subjects.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image texture
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Agronomy - Crops - Digital storage - Exponential functions - Flow visualization - Light sources - Pixels - Plants (botany) - Reflection - Rendering (computer graphics) - Three dimensional computer graphics - Transparency - Visualization
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural education - Appearance modeling - Digital plant - Image acquisition systems - Leaf appearance - Negative exponential functions - Structure texture images - Transmission reflection
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20175104564559
Title:Design of drive system for battery-drive monorail transporter for mountainous orchard
Authors:Liu, Yue (1, 3, 4, 5); Li, Zhen (1, 3, 4, 5); Hong, Tiansheng (2, 3, 4, 5); Lv, Shilei (1, 3, 4, 5); Song, Shuran (1, 3, 4, 5); Huang, Shuangping (1, 4, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (5) Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Information Acquisition and Application in Agriculture, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhen(lizhen@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:34-40
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Citrus and other fruit trees in southern China are mostly on planted mountain hills. And, mountain orchard planting industry is a pillar industry for farmers in the south of China, but the mountain road construction is difficult. It is difficult to form a more perfect transportation network, which makes regular transporter difficult to be used widely in the environment. In recent years, China's mountain orchard mechanization process is accelerated. And, some of the transport machines, which are used in mountain orchards, were invented by numerous scientific research institutions. The use of these machines greatly increases the efficiency of fruit transport and reduces the labor costs. Among these machines, the mountain orchard monorail transporter machine is widely used in mountain orchards because of its simple structure, good economy, flexible laying track and minimal destruction of orchard terrain, good ductility and no influence from terrain factors. Mountain orchards monorail transporter machines mostly use batteries as energy, and have the maximum load of 200 kg, the operating speed of 0.3-1.2 m/s, and the maximum climbing angle of 30°. And this kind of mountain orchards monorail transporter uses worm gear as the main transmission mechanism. But the worm gear mechanism's mechanical efficiency is low. To solve downhill speed control problem of battery drive monorail transporter for mountainous orchard, monorail transporter drive system was designed for mountainous orchard. That was based on worm gear and consisted of dual-drive chain. The electric motor was used as a power source in this system, and the power was delivered by two-way parallel and independent transmission chain, in which one was based on worm gear and the other was based on chain transmission. According to the motion state of transporter, the electromagnetic clutch was controlled by using STM32 embedded control program. This paper explained the system's transmission principle, and important parts designed, and had detailed analysis on mechanical transmission efficiency. And, the output torque, the output power and speed of the system were obtained by using power flow analysis. The experiment was carried out under no-load and full-load condition. The operating speed was measured by STM32 combined with rotary encoder. The load was measured by tension sensor. The results indicate that, in the uphill operation, the output torque of the system is 44.352 N·m, the output angular velocity is 13.738 rad/s, and the output power is 609.31 W. And, in the downhill operation, the output torque of the system is 105.760 N·m, the output angular velocity is 4.608 rad/s, and the output power is 487.342 W. The system combines the advantages of the high efficiency of chain drives and the self-locking performance of worm gear, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, high safety, and controllability. Monorail transporter equipped with this system can run on the ground and uphill efficiently, and park anywhere on the slope and restart, and downhill speed can be controlled. Efficiency calculation result shows that theoretical mechanical efficiency of the system running on the flat and hillside is 81.2%, and the theoretical mechanical efficiency is 60.5% in the process of downhill running and reverse running.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Transmissions
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Angular velocity - Chains - Citrus fruits - Compensation (personnel) - Design - Electric batteries - Electric load flow - Electric power transmission - Farms - Fruits - Landforms - Locks (fasteners) - Machine design - Orchards - Societies and institutions - Speed - Transportation - Wages - Worm gears
Uncontrolled terms:Drive systems - Efficiency calculations - Electromagnetic clutch - Mechanical efficiency - Mechanical transmission - Mountainous regions - Transmission mechanisms - Transmission principle
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 702.1 Electric Batteries - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.1.1 Societies and Institutions - 912.4 Personnel
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20175104564587
Title:Subsidy policies on fallow of cultivated land in selected countries and regions and their enlightenment to China
Authors:Tan, Yongzhong (1); Zhao, Yue (1); Yu, Zhenning (1); Cao, Yu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:249-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to ensure the successful smooth implementation of cultivated land fallow project and long-term preservation of its effectiveness, China has been developing reasonable subsidy policy of cultivated land fallow in recent years. Excessive agricultural intensification and chemical agricultural production has caused a series of problems in China, such as soil productivity deterioration pressure, soil pollution, soil degradation etc.. These problems restrict the farmland sustainable use and agricultural sustainable development. At the same time, the overall supply of China's grain is relatively abundant, and there is a phenomenon of price inversion in the international grain market. Farmland fallow refers to the measures taken by land owners or users to replace crops or not to farm in a certain period for the purpose of improving farming efficiency and promote sustainable use of land. It is important to select some area as a pilot area in China, and implement cultivated land fallow project, because this not only can maintain the sustainable development, the restoration of soil fertility, and improve the quality of cultivated land, but also can balance the grain supply and demand contradiction to ensure food security and stable income of farmers. In this article, we selected the United States, Japan, the European Union, China Taiwan and other countries and regions as the study areas. It is mainly because these areas have many years of experience in fallow practice, and have developed the policy of subsidy to the farmers. The agricultural development in the United States and the European Union have a large scale farm, which is characterized by large scale of operation, high degree of mechanization and professional farmers. But the characteristics of farm in Japan and China are small both in size and economic scale, which is known for low mechanization, high specialization of agricultural management, and scattered farmers. In this paper, we reviewed the literature and used comparative analysis and induction to analyze the practice of fallow subsidy in these countries and regions, then summarized the purpose of the fallow subsidy, the model of implementation, the form of subsidies (the basis of subsidy and the fund of subsidy). In addition, China has practiced a pilot project in fallow of cultivating arable land for one year. During that time, there are a few areas in fallowing, they are mainly in the areas of groundwater funnel, heavy metal pollution, serious ecological degradation, continuous cropping and other ecological environment. Overall, the cultivated land fallow system pilot area has achieved good results, food production capacity has improved, ecological environment has also been improved. However, since the fallow system in China is only in the exploratory stage, the implementation of the fallow subsidy policy may also have many potential problems, including the insufficient motivation of compensation subject, the lack of flexibility in the subsidy standard, the single source of subsidy funds and the weakness of subsidy systems. Finally, in view of these problems in the subsidy policy of cultivated land fallow in China, in this paper, we put forward some suggestions on how to improve the subsidy policy in the future, those include developing dynamic goals, maximizing the subsidy benefit, making different types of subsidy, and diversifying the source of funds. According to the principle of differentiation and diversification, we also attempted to construct the conceived framework of China's fallow subsidy policy in order to provide reference for the establishment of the subsidy policy framework of cultivated land fallowing in China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Economic analysis - Economics - Environmental protection - Farms - Food supply - Grain (agricultural product) - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Heavy metals - Land use - Machinery - Mechanization - Planning - Pollution - Soil pollution - Soils - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Enlightenment - Fallow - Land resources - Subsidy
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.2 Groundwater - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20175104564581
Title:Recognition of multiple plant leaf diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Tan, Wenjun (1); Mao, Hanping (2); Wu, Xiaohong (1); Chen, Yong (1); Wang, Long (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:209-215
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plant leaf diseases are a serious problem in agricultural production. To solve this problem and prevent diseases deterioration, accurate identification of diseases types is of great significance. In this paper, we proposed a recognition model of plant leaf diseases based on convolutional neural network (CNN), which combines the batch normalization and global pooling methods. The parameters of the traditional CNN model are large and have difficulty to converge. The proposed model was modified in the traditional structure of the CNN, which could optimize the training time and achieve the higher accuracy, and also reduce the size of model. In order to speed up the training convergence, we used the batch normalization layers. We put the input of every convolutional layer in batch, calculated the mean and variance of the batch, and then normalized this batch. We reduced some feature maps of some layers and removed the last full connect layer, with the global pooling layer instead. The proposed model has 5 convolutional layers and 4 pooling layers. In the last pooling layer pool5, the same kernel size of convolutional layer Conv5 was used to take advantage of the information of Conv5's feature map comprehensively. For the image preprocessing, we had zoomed, flipped and rotated the original pictures of dataset randomly to get the augmented dataset, and used the 80% of pictures as the train dataset and the rest as the test dataset. These pictures were quantized to 256×256 dpi for CNN training, and the original dataset and augmented dataset were used to train models. To look for the best size of the first layer kernel, in the first convolutional layer, different kernel sizes i.e. 11×11, 9×9 and 7×7 dpi were used respectively. Furthermore, we chose the type of global pooling layer, like max pooling and average pooling. Then we designed 8 models with different Conv1 kernel sizes or global pooling types. To further improve the efficiency of this model, besides using the Gaussian initialization, we used the other common type of convolutional initialization such as Xavier initialization, and also used the PRelu activation function for each convolution layer. So the optimal model could be selected to recognize the 26 kinds of leaf diseases which involved 14 kinds of plants, and then we analyzed the model's convergence rate, memory usage and robustness. After the experiment, we compared the test accuracy between the traditional model and the proposed model based on original dataset and augmented dataset. The proposed model could accelerate the training convergence, and the test accuracy could achieve about 90% while the traditional model was only about 77% after 3 training epochs. Different kernel sizes of Conv1 had little impact on the accuracy but small kernel was proved to be more beneficial to the recognition of plant diseases, which could get more texture features than the big kernel size filter, and average pooling also made better results than max pooling. We got the best performance model which used the 9×9 dpi kernel size and global average pooling layer. To show the proposed model's performance, we tested the accuracy on each class, and the mean accuracy of augmented test dataset was 99.56%, and the weighted average score of recall and precision rate achieved 99.41%. The proposed model had the size of only 2.6 MB. In addition, compared with the traditional methods, the change of the spatial position of the pictures had little effect on the performance of the improved model, and the proposed model could identify different diseases of various plant leaves. The results show that the model has higher recognition accuracy and stronger robustness, and can be used for the identification of plant leaf diseases.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Statistical tests
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Convolution - Deep learning - Diseases - Image processing - Neural networks - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Batch normalization - Convolutional neural network - Global pooling - Plants - Recognition
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.19.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普