<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20174704434849
Title:Design of intelligent control system of potato precision planter
Authors:Sun, Chuanzhu (1, 2); Wang, Faming (1, 2); Li, Xueqiang (2, 3); Su, Guoliang (2, 3); Wang, Xiangyou (2, 4); Wei, Zhongcai (2, 5); Sun, Jingbin (2, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potato Production Equipment, Dezhou; 253600, China; (3) Shandong Xicheng Agricultural Machinery Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Dezhou; 253600, China; (4) School of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China; (5) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xueqiang(lxqllsd@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:36-44
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To solve the problems of low control precision of planting spacing and easily double planting and missing planting an intelligent control system of potato precision planter was developed in this study, which was constituted of a main control module, a detection module, a planting spacing control module, and a vibration intensity control module. A hydraulic motor was used to control the working of seed belt, a stepper motor was used to control the vibration intensity of the seed belt in order to achieve the auto-control of the planting spacing and the double or missing planting. The planting parameter could be set by touch screen according to the different potato varieties, area of planting and soil condition, and the information of planting spacing. As such, double planting and missing could be monitored. To test the machine, experiments were done. The test result showed that when the designed speed was 12-42 r/min, the deviation of actual speed and designed speed would be 56.3%, but it would be 9.20% after one detection cycle and average deviation was 6.09%. When the different planting spaces were planted by using same planting speed, the actual planting spacing could be controlled within the allowable range, and the average deviation between the actual planting spacing by using each planting speed and the setting planting spacing was 2.65%, 3.37%, 3.67%, 5.75% and 4.09%, respectively. When the planting speed was increased from1.16 to 1.91 m/s, the variance of the each planting spacing in 150-300 mm increased by 1.75, 3.12, 4.18, 1.50, 3.28 and 7.06 times, respectively and the higher the planting speed, the lower the stability was. As such, lower planting speed should be selected. The vibration intensity of seed belt was stronger, the replanting rate was lower and the missing seed rate was higher; When a strong vibration was reached, and vibration intensity of seed belt was in violent vibration shape, the planting speed was 1.74 m/s and seed quality was 50 g, the replanting rate was the least. When the vibration intensity of seed belt was in tiny vibration, the planting speed was 0.88 m/s and seed quality was 30 g, the missing seed rate was the least; the vibration intensity of seed belt had significant influence on the double planting rate and the vibration intensity of seed belt and the planting speed had significant influence on the missing seed rate. The primary and secondary order of the influence on the double planting and missing seed rate were the vibration intensity of seed belt, the planting speed, and seed quality. The optimal planting parameter: When a strong vibration was reached, and the vibration intensity of seed belt was in slight vibration, the planting speed was 1.16 m/s and seed quality was 35 g. The average missing seed rate was 2.31% collected by the missing detection module and the actual average missing seed rate was 2.22%, there was a deviation, but the average detection error was 5.25% and the largest error was 6.58%, the detection accuracy was more than 93%. When the actual missing seed rate exceeded the allowable range, it would be adjusted into the allowable range in 2-3 cycles, and the stability was good. The research results can meet the requirement of the actual planting operation, and provide reference to the further research and popularization and application of the intelligent control of potato precision planting equipment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Control systems - Crops - Design - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic motors - Intelligent control - Speed - Stepping motors - Touch screens
Uncontrolled terms:Average deviation - Detection accuracy - Detection modules - Planting spacing - Precision planting - Seed rate - Vibration intensity - Vibrations
Classification code:632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.3 Electric Motors - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.00e-02kg, Mass 3.50e-02kg, Mass 5.00e-02kg, Percentage 2.22e+00%, Percentage 2.31e+00%, Percentage 2.65e+00%, Percentage 3.37e+00%, Percentage 3.67e+00%, Percentage 4.09e+00%, Percentage 5.25e+00%, Percentage 5.63e+01%, Percentage 5.75e+00%, Percentage 6.09e+00%, Percentage 6.58e+00%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+01RPM to 4.20e+01RPM, Size 1.50e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Velocity 1.16e+00m/s, Velocity 1.74e+00m/s, Velocity 1.91e+00m/s, Velocity 8.80e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20174704434850
Title:Wear failure analysis on spindle of cotton picker
Authors:Zhang, Youqiang (1); Wang, Wei (1); Liao, Jiean (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar; 843300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:45-50
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vigorously developing precision and advanced agricultural equipment is one of the ten major areas emphasized in the "Made in China 2025" blueprint, the core strategy of agricultural mechanization centered on improvement of the performance of key mechanical components. With the increase of cotton planting area, the application of modern mechanized cotton pickers becomes more and more attractive, especially in Xinjiang, China, where the mechanization degree in harvesting is relatively higher than the other regions in China. Cotton picker is agricultural machinery of mechanization of cotton harvesting, and spindles in cotton picking machinery are the key component. As the work condition of cotton picker spindle is complex and changeable during the picking process, the contacting interfaces of spindle with cotton fiber involve gradually in the aspects of the stress state, topography, and surface microstructure etc. Surface coating wear of spindle are common with the increase of picking time, leading to the degradation of the spindle and drop of harvesting rate. Accordingly, a lot of effort has been made on improving its wear resistance in the past decades due to the problem of inadequate lifetime of the spindles. However, the previous researches are lack of investigation on failure process of the spindle, especially the mechanical analysis on the spindle surface. The main objective of this study was to reveal the wear process of spindle by analyzing the wear topography of spindle in the cotton picking process. Furthermore, based on the numerical method of finite element analysis, the mechanical performance of spindle was investigated for normal operating parameters of the spindle in field work. Therefore, the solid model of cotton picker spindle in the picking process was established by SolidWorks software along with ANSYS software. The stress and strain distribution of the spindle in the removal cotton process were simulated by the finite element analysis. The numerical simulations results showed that the surface of spindle's teeth sustained more severe stress than the other portions. In terms of a single spindle's tooth, the larger diameter edge of spindle's teeth bore a greater contact stress than smaller diameter edge, leading to the beginning of wearing in the surface coating along the larger diameter edge of spindle's teeth. In cotton picking process, the spindle is rotated at high speed, at the same time, the spindle rotates with roller while rotating itself. Under the combined actions of tangential friction forces and axial friction forces on the rotating spindle surface, the resultant force direction of the friction force had a certain inclination angle to the axis of spindle, and the inclination angle changed in real time. The surface coating of spindle's teeth was worn gradually and the characteristic "broom type" wear scar was formed as the picking time increased. Moreover, the fracture of spindle was due to torsion formation, and dangerous section occurred between 8th and 11th teeth from the root of spindle. When the spindle was installed correctly and the lubrication was adequate in the cotton picking process, the wear of the spindle's bevel gear was caused by the plastic deformation. It was mainly because of spindle deformation was concentrated on the bevel gear when the external load increased instantaneously, such as branches, debris, and gravel was suddenly brought into picking room in cotton picking process. These numerical simulations results were consistent with the microstructure and morphological characteristics of the worn spindle's surface with electroplated chromium coatings by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The research results will helpful for reducing failure of spindle (fracture and wear), which makes it possible to prolong the service life of spindle used, and has remarkable economic benefits and important social significance.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Bevel gears - Coatings - Cotton - Economic and social effects - Energy dispersive spectroscopy - Fracture - Friction - Harvesting - Interface states - Mechanization - Microstructure - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Scanning electron microscopy - Tribology - Wear of materials - Wear resistance
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Cotton pickers - Energy dispersive spectroscopies (EDS) - Method of finite elements - Morphological characteristic - Spindle - Stress and strain distribution - Tangential friction force
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 813.2 Coating Materials - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20174704434868
Title:Curb-following detection and navigation of greenhouse vehicle based on arc array of photoelectric switches
Authors:Ju, Jin (1); Liu, Jizhan (1); Li, Nan (1); Li, Pingping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jizhan(liujizhan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:180-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the past 20 years, protected agriculture has been developed rapidly in China, with a total area of 4, 000 kha. A large number of mobile platforms are urgently needed to satisfy the need of operation, and research on autonomous vehicles with navigation ability has been highly valued. For structured hard pressed road surface between cultivation beds in modern greenhouse, curb-following navigation technology is most valuable for autonomous vehicle working in greenhouse. However, present curb-following navigation technologies based on machine vision are too complicated and lack of stability, while navigation technologies based on distance sensing cannot reach ideal accuracy of position/orientation detection. The target of curb-following navigation in this paper was to control the vehicle body within a stable position/orientation relative to the curb based on limited simple high/low level signals from arc array of photoelectric switches. Principle of detection and control of position/orientation based on both arc array of photoelectric switches and ideal control area was firstly introduced, and index N<inf>d</inf>that represents the number of triggered photoelectric switches and index N<inf>f</inf>which represents the center sequence number of triggered photoelectric switches were introduced to establish a position/orientation detection model. The position/orientation was classified by different thresholds of the two indices which can trigger the corresponding control program of trajectory. And then accurate position and orientation which were calculated by the values of two indexes were used to set the parameters of control program to realize the curb line following navigation in real time. This method can realize precise navigation with just limited number of high-low signals from photoelectric switches. The curb-following navigation accuracy relies on number of photoelectric switches, radius and central angle of the arc array, while triggered time interval between adjacent photoelectric switches must satisfy the need of response of sensing, control and mechanical transmission for a vehicle. Differential controlling strategies for different position/orientation states of vehicle based on arc array of photoelectric switches were also put forward. It was found from experiments that as the speed increased, both the transverse error and course angle of the vehicle displacement would rise. While within the designed speed, neither violent shock nor instability was found. Experiment results also indicated that the deviations of vehicle's position and orientation were kept -35 mm to +15 mm and -5° to +5°, respectively. Relative to the size of the greenhouse vehicle, the error was acceptable which satisfied the curb-following navigation requirement of pesticide spraying, seedling transplanting, transporting etc. in greenhouse. And the control cycle of trajectory was about 2 m along the curb line, which indicated that the vehicle can run smoothly along the curb line under a low control frequency in the greenhouse based on the method above. It was also found that this method could maintain better curb-following navigation accuracy even under interference of sundries if its length was not more than 300 mm, which may meet the actual need of vast majority of the production. In this paper, we proposed new technical ideas for robots running along curb with low cost in the greenhouse.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Visual servoing
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Curbs - Greenhouses - Monitoring - Navigation - Photoelectricity - Robots - Time switches - Transmissions - Vehicle transmissions - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Circular arc - Controlling strategies - Line following - Mechanical transmission - Photoelectric switches - Photoelectronic - Position and orientations - Protected agricultures
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 731.5 Robotics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+01yr, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20174704434870
Title:Partial nitrogen fertilizer substitution by aquatic plant compost to improve rice yield and paddy soil fertility
Authors:Tao, Yueyue (1, 2); Jin, Meijuan (1, 2); Tang, Yunlong (3); Zhu, Xinglian (1, 2); Lu, Changying (1, 2); Wang, Haihou (1, 2); Shi, Linlin (1, 2); Zhou, Xinwei (1, 2); Shen, Mingxing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District/Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou; 215155, China; (2) Key Scientific Observation & Experiment Station Paddy Field Eco-environment, Suzhou, Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou; 215155, China; (3) Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Mingxing(smxwwj@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:196-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer based on aquatic plant composting on the rice yield and paddy soil properties, a four-year field experiment was carried out in the typical paddy field of the Tai Lake region. The four-year field experiment was composed of different combinations of organic nitrogen substitute of aquatic plant compost and mineral urea, and it included 6 treatments whose proportions of organic nitrogen were 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of total nitrogen amount, respectively; and for all the treatments, the total nitrogen inputs were the same. Grain yield, yield components, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice straw and grain as well as the concentration of soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen and pH value in the top soil layer were measured. Our study revealed the following findings: Firstly, compared to mineral urea alone, combined application of both organic fertilizer of aquatic plant composting and mineral urea had a good potential to improve the grain yield of rice, and with the increase of organic fertilizer ratio, rice yield tended to increase first and then afterwards decrease. When the replacement of organic fertilizer was 40% and 60% of total nitrogen, the rice yield reached the highest point. Applying organic fertilizer alone had similar grain yield of rice as the treatment of applying urea alone. Secondly, the number of productive tillers was significantly reduced with sole organic fertilizer, while the phenomenon could be diminished or eliminated by combined application of compost and mineral urea. The parameters including the number of productive tillers, spikelets per panicle and percentage of filled grains were all relatively higher when the organic nitrogen substitutes were at the ratio of 40% and 60% of total nitrogen input. Thirdly, with the increase of organic fertilizer application, the nitrogen concentration in straw was decreased, while no pronounced effect was found for the nitrogen concentration in grain. Furthermore, no significant difference was found for the phosphorus uptake in grain or straw among all the treatments. The potassium uptake of straw was significantly improved with the addition of organic fertilizer, and meanwhile the potassium uptake of grain was significantly enhanced when the substitute rate of organic fertilizer was 80% of total nitrogen. Lastly, there was positively significant correlation between the soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and pH value, and the amount of organic fertilizer application. With the addition of organic fertilizer, the soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were significantly increased compared to that of 4 years ago. When the organic nitrogen was applied at 80% and 100% of total nitrogen, the soil pH value was also significantly higher than that of 4 years ago. In conclusion, the combined use of aquatic plant compost plus with mineral urea is beneficial to improve the grain yield of rice, enhance soil organic matter as well as decrease the soil acidification, which is a protective and environmental-friendly fertilization technology in Tai Lake region.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Composting - Environmental technology - Grain (agricultural product) - Lakes - Metabolism - Minerals - Nitrogen - Nitrogen compounds - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nutrients - Organic carbon - pH - Phosphorus - Potassium - Soils - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental-friendly - Nitrogen concentrations - Nutrient uptake - Rice yield - Soil organic carbon - Soil organic matters - Soil total nitrogen - Tai-Lake regions
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20174704434847
Title:Design of roller sieve waste plastic film and trash winnowing machine
Authors:Shi, Xin (1, 2); Niu, Changhe (1, 2); Wang, Xuenong (1, 2); Zhang, Haichun (1, 2); Yang, Huimin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (2) Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Forest Fruit, Cotton Equipment and Facility Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Changhe(15999133007@139.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:19-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic film mulching technique has been used widely in China because of its notable benefits such as raising soil temperature, inhibiting weed growth, promoting crop maturity and increasing production, especially in the field of cotton cultivation, almost all of them used plastic film mulching technique in XinJiang. Recycled waste plastic film and cotton straw, stubble and other trash were difficult to separate, this problem caused difficulty in reutilization of waste plastic film. A large number of recycled waste plastic films were buried or burned randomly in field which lead to secondary environment pollution. In order to separate the waste plastic film from cotton straw, stubble and other trash, realize recycling of waste plastic film and solve the problem of environment pollution results from waste plastic film at source. The movement state and trajectory of cotton straw, stubble and plastic film were simulated through building of wind field device, and suspension velocity of cotton straw, stubble and plastic film were measured in wind field. The mathematical model of separation conditions was established through analysis of stress condition of different materials in wind field and law of settling of different materials in air medium. High speed dynamic camera was used to observe the movement of the material in the wind field, the feasibility of the principle was verified. Based on results of researches above, a type of roller sieve waste plastic film and trash winnowing machine was designed. In this paper, the overall structure and working principle of the machine were introduced, the structure and size parameters of the key components of rotating sieve cylinder and the helix in rotating sieve cylinder were determined. In order to determine the relationship between the best separation effect with rotating sieve cylinder speed, the outlet velocity of wind pipe, and the material feed quantity, an orthogonal test with rotating sieve cylinder speed, the outlet velocity of wind pipe, and the material feed quantity as the experimental factors were carried out, the raw material composition after mechanical harvesting was analyzed as test condition. Primary and secondary order of plastic film rate in trash and rate of trash in plastic film were confirmed through analysis of test results. Reasons of change were analyzed, and significance tests were done for factors of plastic film rate in trash and rate of trash in plastic film. Finally, the optimal parameter combination was determined. The results proved that when the rotating sieve cylinder speed was 30 r/min, the outlet velocity of wind pipe was 15 m/s, and the material feed quantity was 250 kg/h, the operation effect was best, the rate of trash in plastic film was the least, the plastic film rate in trash was minimum, the waste plastic film production was maximum. The machine was adjusted to the best working parameters for conducting production test and verifying the foregoing conclusion. The results showed that all indexes were met the design requirements, the rate of trash in plastic film was 13.71%, the plastic film rate in trash was 0.133%, the production of waste plastic film upped to 35.8 kg/h after separating. In summary, we designed roller sieve waste plastic film and trash winnowing machine, it can realized separation of waste plastic film from cotton straw, stubble and other trash effectively. This research fills gaps in this area in China. The secondary pollution causes by waste plastic film recycling can be reduced if the machined used, the utilization rate of waste plastic film can be improved greatly.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Plastic recycling
Controlled terms:Cotton - Cylinders (shapes) - Design - Experiments - Film growth - Machine components - Machinery - Mechanization - Plastic films - Plastic pipe - Pollution - Recycling - Rollers (machine components) - Separation - Separators - Sieves - Structural design - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Environment pollution - Experimental factors - Increasing production - Optimal parameter combinations - Plastic film mulching - Raw material composition - Separation condition - Waste plastic
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 6.94e-02kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 9.94e-03kg/s, Percentage 1.33e-01%, Percentage 1.37e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+01RPM, Velocity 1.50e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20174704434877
Title:Study on poverty measure of farmland resources and spatial pattern in Chongqing
Authors:Cai, Jin (1); Liao, Heping (1); Qiu, Daochi (2); Luo, Dongqi (3); Li, Tao (1); Li, Jing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Administration of Land, Resources and Housing, Chongqing; 400015, China; (3) School of Business Planning, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Heping(liaohp@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:251-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the core element of agricultural production, arable land resource provides an important support for regional food security and rural economic and social development. The measurement of arable land resource poverty and the revelation of its space aggregation and alienation pose a great significance to improve the arable land utilization, coordinate the urban, rural and regional development and target the poverty alleviation. This paper establishes a model of arable land poverty index, which combines dynamic analytic hierarchy process (AHP), exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and Moran's index, to conduct the research on the poverty of arable land resource and its spatial aggregation and alienation in 37 regions and counties of Chongqing City through building an evaluation system for rural arable land poverty measurement on the basis of the concept "arable resource poverty". The study shows, in time dimension, the arable land poverty in Chongqing City gradually reduces and the large gaps between regions and counties indicate a decrease year by year. With the progress of farming technologies, land policies and infrastructure, the capabilities of human to adapt to the arable land poverty are enhancing. However, the arable land resource tends to shift from natural poverty to social and economic poverty. In spatial dimension, the poverty of arable land resource in Chongqing City presents a trend of northeast>southeast>new city district>main urban area based on the degree of poverty mainly due to the regional natural environment conditions, the resource spatial distribution and the huge difference of regional economic and social status. The high value area of poverty moves from southeast to northeast, while the low value area radiates from the main urban area towards the new city district. Based on the spatial connection, the spatial aggregation of arable land resource among regions and counties in Chongqing becomes visible, and the aggregation profits are increasing, while part of similar values are weakening, and the high-high aggregation areas are mainly situated in the southeast and northeast areas of Chongqing, and the low-low aggregation areas are located in the main urban area and new city district; the high-value center of aggregation shifts from the southeast to the northeast, and the low-value center is moving from the main urban area to the new city district; the arable land resource poverty in part of main urban area tends to aggravate. Therefore, intensifying the management on the arable land resource poverty and reducing the natural difference among arable land resource distribution leading to regional development imbalance are the key issues for governments and academia. The paper suggests that the government should: 1) increase the investment in the rural infrastructure, especially in the poor areas including the southeast and northeast areas of Chongqing to improve the farming conditions; 2) reinforce the management of the rural land, especial for arable land in order to elevate the quality and quantity of the arable land resource; 3) improve the land system and policies, and propel the farming technology research to diminish the social and economic poverty of arable land resource so as to shake off the restrictions from the natural resources scarcity and provide a new idea and thought for relieving the arable land resource poverty.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Analytic hierarchy process - Autocorrelation - Economics - Farms - Food supply - Investments - Land use - Natural resources - Natural resources management - Regional planning - Resource valuation - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Chongqing - Economic and social development - Exploratory spatial data analysis - Farmland - Poverty - Spatial patterns
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20174704434855
Title:Characteristics of sediment retention and transport in small watershed after construction of check dams in Loess Hilly Area
Authors:Li, Mian (1); Li, Ping (2); Yang, Er (1); Bao, Hongzhe (1); Shen, Zhenzhou (1); Wei, Guanju (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of the Ministry of Water Resources, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (2) Suide Experimental Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Suide; 718000, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining; 810016, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:80-86
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Since the 1950s, as one of engineering measures for conserving soil and water, many check dams have been constructed on the Loess Plateau in China. Up to now, there is more than 110 thousand of check dams have been constructed, which play important roles in holding back eroded soil just like sediment ponds. Understanding the variance of sediment retention and transport in a small watershed after construction of check dams is very important for the correct evaluation on the sediment reducing benefit of check dams. As a typical watershed with check dam construction, many check dams have been constructed and played important role in blocking sediment and changing the transport process in the past six decades in the Wangmaogou watershed in the Loess Hilly Area. Based on the date of sediment retention in check dams and the sediment discharge in the Wangmaogou watershed during the period of 1953-2015, the variation in processes and characteristics of sediment yield, and retention and transport in different stages in the watershed were analyzed in this study. Results showed that the variation of average annual sediment retention in the check dams fluctuated with time. The sediment discharge increased firstly and then reduced. The variance of erosion intensity was very small in various stages during 1953-1986, but it decreased significantly after 1987 in the watershed. Compared to the initial stage after the check dam was constructed, in the present stage (1993-2015), the average annual sediment retention in the check dams, and the average annual sediment discharge and soil erosion intensity for the watershed decreased by 79.3%, 90.6% and 83.9%, respectively. In the initial stage, the usable capacity of check dams was a main influence factor for the variance of sediment retention and discharge, while more erosive rainfall and higher occurrence frequency had great effect on the erosion intensity, and the latter increased with the increase of the former. Since the year of 1987, the decrease of erosive rainfall and its occurrence frequency were the main factors for decreased erosion intensity. Meanwhile, the continuous increasing soil and water conservation ratio, particularly along with the quick increase of soil and water conservation measures on hill slopes, such as terrace, woodland, grassland and so on, has greatly reduced the runoff production and sediment yield from hill slopes and thus reduced the potential kinetic energy and gully erosion. Thus, the benefit of sediment reduction from the hill slope was gradually increasing, whereas the benefit from the check dams was gradually decreasing during the past six decades. When the soil and water conservation ratio reached a higher degree, its sediment reduction effect can work gradually. For high-intensity rainfall, check dams had a significant and irreplaceable role in controlling soil erosion and reducing the sediment transport, but these soil and water conservation measured on hill slopes cannot be ignored in order to achieve sustainable and effective role in the Loess Hilly Area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Water conservation
Controlled terms:Dams - Erosion - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Landforms - Rain - Sediment transport - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Check dam - Engineering measures - High intensity rainfall - Hilly areas - Sediment discharge - Sediment retention - Soil and water conservation - Soil and water conservation measures
Classification code:441.1 Dams - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.93e+01%, Percentage 8.39e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20174704434851
Title:Peeling and shearing mechanical performance test of cotton stalks in extrusion state
Authors:Shi, Nuo (1); Guo, Kangquan (1, 2); Fan, Yujie (1); Liu, Baoxuan (1); Yuan, Xinlu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Agriculture Equipment, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Kangquan(jdgkq@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:51-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cotton stalks have a high lignified degree. The fiber configurations and physical-mechanical properties of cotton stalks are closest to wood, and it is an ideal substitute for wood. Cotton stalk scrimber is a new artificial material, and it is a new way of cotton stalk material utilization. Defibering and peeling are important processes for preparation of cotton stalk scrimber. For a long time, cotton stalk peeling is used by manual separation of phloem and xylem, this method is inefficient and becomes a bottleneck restricting the development of cotton stalk material industry. In order to study defibering and peeling method and equipment of cotton stalk scrimber material, peeling force test was done using homemade test-bed. The test-bed is composed of traction mechanism, framework and peeling force detecting device, and it can press vertically and peel horizontally cotton samples. The length of harvested cotton stalks was from 100 to 130 cm, chosen cotton stalks with no pests whose stem was straight, and root diameter was between 13 and 14.99 mm as the test materials. The total length of the sample was 35 mm. Some phloem was retained to form the test area. The axial is in the stalk length direction, and the tangential is in the perpendicular direction of stalk length. The cotton stalk samples were fixed on the rack in the axial and tangential direction. The direction of loading disk and skin parts was lined up properly. Load weight in the end of the loading disk. Apply positive pressure on the skin part of the sample. Then the traction mechanism was started, the clamp moved in the frame of the table at the speed of 1 mm per minutes. Force sensor installed on the dead plate and loading disk was connected by a wire rope. The xylem of cotton stalk samples was subjected to traction, and phloem to peeling force in the horizontal direction. The two forces were the same size and the opposite directions, thus shearing action was brought in the bonding interface between xylem and phloem. The wire rope was tensioned gradually in the experiment, thus the peeling force was steadily increasing until phloem peeling off the sample, and then the peeling force plunged. The force sensor recorded the changes of peeling force from the beginning of the experiment to the separation of the phloem and xylem. Peeling shear strength was the ratio of maximum peeling force recorded by force sensor to cotton stalk sample peeling area. In order to test the peeling shear strength, center combination experiment was done on the three factors: Water content, sampling position and loading strength. Single factor experiment was made on skin attachment length. And the water softening cotton stalk and fresh cotton stalk were compared. The results showed that the sampling location and the loading strength had significant influence (P<0.01) on axial and tangential peeling shear strength. The effect of water content on axial and tangential peeling shear strength was not significant (P>0.05). Improving the moisture content can reduce peeling difficulty, but the effect is limited. The interaction between the three factors was not marked (P>0.05). Loading strength, sampling location and water content have a strong to weak influence on peeling shear strength. Tangential peeling was more highly active and lower consume than axial peeling, and it was a more reasonable operation mode. The axial peeling shear strength of fresh cotton stalk is greater than the tangential strength, this feature is consistent with the water softening cotton stalk, fresh stalks are easy to peel compared with the water softening ones, and the effectiveness of peering was high for a timely peeling after harvest. Our research offers a reference for the design of the equipment for defibering and peeling of cotton stalk.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Disks (machine components) - Equipment testing - Loads (forces) - Location - Mechanical properties - Moisture - Rope - Shear flow - Shearing - Shearing machines - Tensile strength - Wire rope - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton stalk - Loading strengths - Material utilization - Mechanical performance - Physical-mechanical properties - Sampling location - Single-factor experiments - Tangential directions
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 535.2 Metal Forming - 601.2 Machine Components - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+00m to 1.30e+00m, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.30e-02m to 1.50e-02m, Size 3.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20174704434848
Title:Design and parameter optimization of double disk opener mechanism for harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine
Authors:Qin, Kuan (1); Ding, Weimin (1); Fang, Zhichao (1); Du, Taotao (1); Zhao, Siqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Weimin(wmding@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:27-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to advance the seeding quality of harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine that our research group designed and fabricated, a double disk opener mechanism was designed combining with the harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine. An electric lifting device was integrated into double disk opener mechanism installed underneath sowing box of the harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine. To improve the working performance of double disk opener mechanism, the structure and installation parameters of the double disk opener mechanism were calculated. The diameter of double disk opener was 200 mm, the disc included angle of double disk opener was 15°, the accumulation point angle of double disk opener was 81.4°, the maximum entering soil depth of double disk opener was 60 mm, the joint lever length of central point of double disc opener to hinged installation point of bottom of header was 370 mm and the distance of upper connection point of electric lifting gear to ground was 661 mm. The three work factors, forward speed of machine, furrow depth of double disk opener, and horizontal distance of fixed hole central point of sowing pipe's fixed device on furrow opener to exit central point of sowing pipe (shortened horizontal distance of fixed hole), impacted quality of furrow and drill mainly. In order to optimize working quality parameters of double disk opener mechanism, a central composite design method of second order regression orthogonal rotation was carried out. In the experiment, the three work factors were used as the experiment factors and the rate of seeds into the ditch, each row seeding stability coefficient of variation, and seeding uniformity coefficient of variation were used as experiment indicators. In the experiment, forward speed of machine was 0.3-1.2 m/s, furrow depth of double disk opener was 1.5-4.5 cm, and horizontal distance of fixed hole was 14.5-18.5 mm. The variance analysis results of orthogonal experimental showed that among the three factors in the experiment, the horizontal distance of fixed hole had the greatest influence on the rate of seeds into the ditch and each row seeding stability coefficient, while the forward speed of machine had the least influence on the rate of seeds into the ditch and each row seeding stability coefficient, and forward speed of machine had the greatest influence on the seeding uniformity coefficient of variation, while the horizontal distance of fixed hole had the least influence on the seeding uniformity coefficient of variation. Through the MATLAB software, we optimized values of the three factors, and the optimized results showed that the optimal value of forward speed of machine was 0.46 m/s, furrow depth of double disk opener was 3.25 cm, and horizontal distance of fixed hole was 16.16 mm. When the three factors reached the optimal values, the value of the rate of seeds into the ditch was 90.3%, value of each row seeding stability coefficient of variation was 9.3% and value of seeding uniformity coefficient of variation was 10.2%. The validation experiment was carried out for making the rationality of optimal values. The validation experiment showed that when the values of three factors were the same as optimize values, the value of the rate of seeds into the ditch was 89.4%, value of each row seeding stability coefficient of variation was 9.4% and value of seeding uniformity coefficient of variation was 9.8%. The relative error was below 4% of experiment values with optimal values, which validated the optimal values of the three factors.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Speed
Controlled terms:Crops - Design - Drills - Harvesting - Machinery - MATLAB - Mechanization - Optimal systems - Optimization - Stability
Uncontrolled terms:Central composite designs - Coefficient of variation - Double disc opener - Lifting appliances - No tillage - Orthogonal rotations - Parameter optimization - Stability coefficient
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 8.94e+01%, Percentage 9.03e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+00%, Percentage 9.40e+00%, Percentage 9.80e+00%, Size 1.45e-02m to 1.85e-02m, Size 1.50e-02m to 4.50e-02m, Size 1.62e-02m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.25e-02m, Size 3.70e-01m, Size 6.00e-02m, Size 6.61e-01m, Velocity 3.00e-01m/s to 1.20e+00m/s, Velocity 4.60e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20174704434852
Title:Flow field simulation verification and flanged structure optimized design of concentrated wind energy device diffuser
Authors:Lin, Junjie (1); Tian, De (1); Chen, Jing (1); Wang, Weilong (1); Deng, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing; 102206, China
Corresponding author:Tian, De(tdncepu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:59-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Concentrated wind energy device is the core component of concentrated wind energy turbine, and the flanged diffuser can enhance the swabbing effect of the concentrated wind energy device, which can increase the flow velocity of internal flow field and improve the wind power quality consequently. To enhance the efficiency of the concentrated wind energy device, internal flow field characteristics of flanged diffuser models with different diameters (flange height ranging from 90 to 450 mm and angel from -15° to +15°) were simulated and analyzed. In the process of the numerical simulation, the fluid medium was the air with the temperature of 296.75 K and the density of 1.153 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Besides, the velocity-inlet and pressure-outlet were adopted as the boundary condition of computational field. Other boundaries were set as stationary wall and no slip. The physical model was simplified to the steady incompressible fluid problem without heat transfer, and basic governing equations were continuity equations and Navier-Stokes equations. The turbulence model was SST (shear-stress transport) k-ω model. Simulation results show that the flanged diffuser could strength the acceleration and concentration efficiency of concentrated wind energy device. And the flow velocity and usable wind energy of the rotor swept area were increased with the increasing of flange height. In all the models, when the flow velocity and usable wind energy were considered together, the model with flanged diffuser of height of 450 mm and angel of +9° was the optimal structure of concentrated wind energy device. Compared with the original model, the maximum flow velocity of the optimal model was increased by 30.738%, and the usable wind energy was increased by 84.26%. The feasibility of the model and simulation method were verified by wind tunnel experiment with the nominal wind speed of 10 m/s. Flow field calibration was proceeded in the wind tunnel firstly to choose a suitable flow field for the experiment. Then the concentrated wind energy device model, having the same scale with the numerical calculation model, was fixed at the selected location inside the wind tunnel and the center line was in the middle section of the tunnel. The total pressure and static pressure of different test points on radial direction inside the model were measured by the Pitot tube and multi-channel pressure gauge. The temperature recorded during the test fluctuated from -1 to -0.5℃ and the atmospheric pressure was from 899 to 900 hPa. Numerical calculation results were reasonably verified by wind tunnel experiments. Although numerical results were greater than the experimental data obtained with the model of the same size, the general trends were almost the same. The main reason of the difference between the results was that the numerical simulation model was too idealized to embody the complex flow conditions inside the model. All the conclusions obtained from the research can provide a basis for the structure optimization of concentrated wind energy device.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Structural design
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric pressure - Computer simulation - Concentration (process) - Diffusers (optical) - Energy efficiency - Flanges - Flow fields - Flow velocity - Heat transfer - Navier Stokes equations - Numerical models - Oceanography - Shear stress - Structural optimization - Turbulence models - Velocity - Wind - Wind effects - Wind power - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Concentrated wind energies - Flow field calibration - Maximum flow velocities - Modeling and Simulation Methods - Numerical calculation model - Shear-stress transport - Structure optimization - Wind tunnel experiment
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 471.1 Oceanography, General - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 619.1.1 Pipe Accessories - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.15e+00kg/m3, Percentage 3.07e+01%, Percentage 8.43e+01%, Pressure 8.99e+04Pa to 9.00e+04Pa, Size 4.50e-01m, Size 9.00e-02m to 4.50e-01m, Temperature 2.97e+02K, Velocity 1.00e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20174704434859
Title:Accuracy assessment of gully morphological parameters from high resolution remote sensing stereoscopic satellite images on hilly Loess Plateau
Authors:Tang, Jie (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Fan, Conghui (1); Cheng, Xiaoxin (1); Deng, Jiayong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yan(zhangyan9@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:111-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As one of the main forms of soil erosion on the hilly Loess Plateau, gully erosion threatens the land resources and causes serious environmental problems. Although different approaches have been used to monitor and predict gully erosion over the years, gully erosion measurement on middle and large scale is still difficult. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of measuring gully morphological parameters using stereoscopic satellite images with very high resolution on the hilly Loess Plateau and feasibility of stereoscopic satellite images acting a reliable data source for large scale gully erosion monitoring. GeoEye-1 stereoscopic satellite images (0.5 m panchromatic and 2.0 m multispectral images, acquired in March, 2016) were used to calculate gully morphological parameters of 21 gullies in a catchment located in central Loess Plateau and then test their accuracy by comparing them with 3D (three-dimensional) laser scanning data (0.15 m resolution, acquired in July, 2016), and mean error, percent error and root mean squared error were used for error measure. The results were as follows: 1) The average errors of linear and areal gully parameters, including area, perimeter, length and width, were 3.58 m<sup>2</sup>, 0.55 m, 0.13 m and -0.10 m, respectively, and the percentage errors were 0.11%-33.81%, 0.41%-18.58%, 0.10%-12.28%, and 0.09%-37.41%, with the average percentage error of 8.96%, 4.83%, 2.92%, and 10.81%, respectively. The percentage errors of area, perimeter, and length were mainly below 5%, and the percentage errors of gully width were mainly below 10%. Overall, the errors of linear and areal gully parameters extracted from high resolution stereoscopic satellite images can be controlled in a lower level. 2) The average errors of 3D gully parameters, including gully bottom width, maximum gully depth, average gully depth, cross sectional area and gully volume, were -0.67 m, 0.14 m, -0.46 m, -6.30 m<sup>2</sup>and -54.01 m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The percentage errors of 3D gully parameters were 0.39%-84.65%, 0.51%-55.91%, 0-59.64%, 0.13%-81.53%, and 1.98%-88.72%, respectively, with the average percentage error of 30.37%, 24.13%, 27.16%, 37.96% and 37.46%, respectively. The percentage errors of 3D gully parameters were mainly below 50% except the maximum gully depth which was mainly below 30%. Compared with 3D laser scanning, gully bottoms morphology measured with stereoscopic satellite images presented smaller gully depths, gully bottom width and cross sectional area. 3) 3D gully parameters including gully volume, cross sectional area and gully bottom width were correlated significantly with gully scale at the level of 0.05. The larger the scale of the gullies, the smaller the measured gully volume, cross sectional area and gully bottom width from stereoscopic satellite images than 3D laser scanning measurement. A linear regression model was built between measurement errors and gully volumes, which can be used when other measurement approaches are not available. On the whole, the accuracy of measured gully parameters from stereoscopic satellite images will be affected by many factors, such as the resolution of stereoscopic satellite images, the correction accuracy and the number of control points, but it also can provide reliable data for linear and areal gully parameters measurement and new method for 3D parameters measurement of large scale gullies on the hilly Loess Plateau.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Abstracting - Catchments - Erosion - Errors - Laser applications - Linear regression - Mean square error - Measurement errors - Measurements - Parameter estimation - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Satellites - Scanning - Sediments - Stereo image processing - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:3-D (three-dimensional) - 3D Laser scanning - Environmental problems - High resolution remote sensing - Linear regression models - Loess Plateau - Morphological parameters - Root mean squared errors
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 655.2 Satellites - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 744.9 Laser Applications - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area -6.30e+00m2, Area 3.58e+00m2, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 5.96e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.10e-01% to 3.38e+01%, Percentage 1.98e+00% to 8.87e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01%, Percentage 2.72e+01%, Percentage 2.92e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 3.75e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 3.90e-01% to 8.47e+01%, Percentage 4.83e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.96e+00%, Percentage 9.00e-02% to 3.74e+01%, Size -1.00e-01m, Size -4.60e-01m, Size -6.70e-01m, Size 1.30e-01m, Size 1.40e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 5.50e-01m, Volume -5.40e+01m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20174704434880
Title:Molecular mechanism of rice aging during different storage conditions based on protein levels
Authors:Sun, Shuguo (1); Wang, Ruohui (1); Lin, Qinlu (1); Jiang, Chunyan (1); Ding, Yuqin (1); Cao, Jianzhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology/National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Changsha; 410004, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Qinlu(linql0403@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:277-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, proteomics technology was used to study the molecular mechanism of rice grain stored under different conditions. The changes in the proteomic profiles of rice during storage at 37℃, 25℃, 25℃ and CO<inf>2</inf>controlled atmosphere were analyzed; the effects of temperature and CO<inf>2</inf>controlled atmosphere storage on the quality of rice grain were also investigated. The results showed that a total of 125 differentially expressed proteins in the process of rice storage were detected and 37 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry. According to the function of protein, the 37 identified proteins can be divided into five groups: metabolic (45.9%), cell structure (29.7%), stress (2.7%), functional protein (5.4%), and unclassified proteins (16.3%). We identified four groups of the target proteins, respectively expressed by the down-regulate proteasome subunit beta 1 (B26, D09 and F16), the up-regulate glucose-1-adenosine phosphate acyltransferase (C01 and E07), the down-regulate ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (B04 and F04), and the up-regulate acetyl coenzyme A (A06 and C05). The functional properties of these differentially expressed proteins and their essential role in plant metabolism were evaluated according to the bioinformatics method, combined with the analysis of changes in physicochemical properties of rice during storage under different conditions. The results indicated that high temperature storage led to a higher level of differential protein expression in rice. The appearance of numerous differential protein expressions might disturb glucose metabolism, which reduced the synthesis of the starch granule. In rice, high temperature storage resulted in a reduction of antioxidant activity of key enzymes and proteins and an increase of free fatty acid, the antioxidant activity played an important role in the prevention of protein, starch, and lipid oxidation and the reduction in the aging degree of rice. High temperature storage of rice might disturb protein metabolism and brought about a decrease in catabolism for protein degradation. The greater changes of protein expression, antioxidant activity, glucose metabolism, free fatty acid, and protein metabolism in rice at higher temperature might contribute to a fast deterioration of rice quality and a rapid aging of rice. Thus, functional analysis of these differentially expressed proteins showed that the high temperature promoted the differential protein expressions in rice at the molecular level, which could lead to the aging of the rice, and the mechanism of rice aging might involve glucose metabolism, protein decomposition, fat hydrolysis and oxidation. In our experiment, the surprising finding was that low-oxygen high-carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere storage of rice could effectively reduce the level of differential protein expression under high temperature conditions. Protein metabolism in rice stored during controlled atmosphere storage with carbon dioxide could be to a certain extent maintained at normal levels, disorders of glucose metabolism in rice was effectively suppressed by the low-oxygen high-carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere storage of rice. At the same time, the metabolism on the levels of starch synthesis tended to be normal and natural aging-related biochemical changes in rice were reduced, which thus delayed the process of quality deterioration in rice at high temperature. Our study provides new research ideas and methods for rice storage.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Aging of materials - Antioxidants - Atmospheric temperature - Biosynthesis - Carbon dioxide - Deterioration - Energy storage - Fatty acids - Glucose - Grain (agricultural product) - Hydrolysis - Mass spectrometry - Metabolism - Molecular biology - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Proteolysis - Quality control - Starch - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase - Anti-oxidant activities - Controlled atmosphere storage - High temperature condition - High temperature storage - Physicochemical property - Proteomics - Rice
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.9 Biology - 525.7 Energy Storage - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+00%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 4.59e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20174704434856
Title:Spring irrigation combined with straw interlayer promoting soil desalination and increasing microflora diversity
Authors:Lu, Chuang (1); Pang, Huancheng (1); Zhang, Hongyuan (1); Zhang, Jianli (2); Zhang, Hao (2); Li, Yuyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuyi(liyuyi@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:87-94
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Buried straw layer plus plastic mulching has been recommended as a good practice for ameliorating soil salinity and increasing crop yield, but its influence on the soil water and salt distribution and the change of microflora in the case of different quota of spring irrigation has not yet been determined. In this paper, a micro-plot field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw interlayer with plastic mulch under different amount of spring irrigation on the soil water and salt distribution, soil microflora and sunflower yield on a moderate saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia of China. Five treatments were designed: irrigation amount of 2 250 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>with no straw interlayer (CK), irrigation amount reached 100% (W100), 90% (W90), 80% (W80) and 70% (W70) of CK with straw interlayer. The results showed that the water content in the 20-40 cm soil layer under the treatments with straw interlayer increased with the increase of spring irrigation amount, and W100 treatment significantly enhanced water storage capacity in the 0-40 cm soil layer by 6.5%, 3.6%, 5.8% and 8.9% compared with CK, W90, W80 and W70 after spring irrigation (P<0.05), respectively. Both W100 and W90 treatments had good desalting effect after irrigation and the salt could be leached down to 50-60 cm deep, also the salt content in the 0-40 cm soil layer was decreased by 18.9% and 13.9% compared with CK (P<0.05), respectively. Accordingly the desalination rate in the 0-40 cm soil layer under W100 and W90 were 34.9% and 30.1% higher than CK (P<0.05), respectively, but there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in soil salinity and desalting rate between W100 and W90 treatment, and also no significant (P>0.05) difference was found between W80 and CK. At harvest, the water content in the 0-40 cm layer under CK was significantly higher than that of other four treatments (P<0.05), while the salt content in the 0-40 cm layers under W100 and W90 was lower 27.6% and 16.3% compared with CK (P<0.05), respectively. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in salt content between W100 and W90 treatments; also the difference between W80 treatment and CK was not significant (P>0.05), while the soil salt content of W70 was significantly higher than other treatments. Compared to CK, W80 and W70, both W100 and W90 treatments significantly increased the quantity of bacteria, antinomies and fungus (P<0.05), also the species of dominant microflora was increased. We also found that W90 treatment was more favorable to the growth of soil fungi than W100. After harvest, the yield of sunflower treated with W100 was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments (P<0.05), and increased by 5.3%, 6.8%, 11.4% and 13.6% compared with CK, W90, W80 and W70, respectively. There was no significant difference between W90 treatment and CK (P>0.05), but its water productivity was significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05). In summary, only from the angle of high yield, the current level of spring irrigation with straw interlayer (W100) was recommended since the most obvious increasing effect of sunflower yield. Considering the soil desalination, stable crop yield and increasing water productivity, the straw interlayer combined with the 10% reduction of local spring irrigation amount (W90) was also a locally recommended measure.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Desalination - Fungi - Irrigation - Productivity - Saline water - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Field experiment - Hetao irrigation districts - Increasing effect - Irrigation amounts - Soil microflora - Soil salt content - Water productivity - Water storage capacity
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.39e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01%, Percentage 2.76e+01%, Percentage 3.01e+01%, Percentage 3.49e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 5.80e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+00%, Percentage 6.80e+00%, Percentage 8.90e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20174704434864
Title:Performance experiment on solar air collection-storage system with phase change material based on micro heat pipe arrays
Authors:Wang, Tengyue (1); Diao, Yanhua (1); Zhao, Yaohua (1); Zhu, Tingting (1); Wei, Xiangqian (1); Bai, Fengwu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic System of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100190, China
Corresponding author:Diao, Yanhua(diaoyanhua@bjut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:148-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Solar energy is a clean, free-pollution renewable energy source. Rational utilization of solar energy provides significant potential in space heating and drying of agricultural crops, and it is an important measure for saving energy. In order to prolong the time of using solar energy, and to maximize the value of use, in this study, a new style solar air collection-storage thermal system is designed, which utilizes micro heat pipe arrays (MHPA) as heat transfer core element. Collection-storage system includes air collector of vacuum glass tube and phase change thermal storage device. The collector adopts a new form of combining MHPA with vacuum glass tubes. Collector includes 20 collecting units, which consists of aluminum fins, MHPA and vacuum glass tube. Aluminum fins are attached by heat-conducting glue. Polystyrene board is used as thermal insulation material of air duct. Thermal storage device uses the lauric acid (a kind of fatty acid) as phase change material (PCM) with phase change temperature 42℃. The thermal storage device size is 390 mm × 105 mm × 790 mm, which is filled with 15.5 kg lauric acid with filling fraction of 89%. Circle thermal insulation pipe is applied to connect solar collector and thermal storage device. Axial fan is installed in circle pipe to provide air flowing power from solar collector to thermal storage device. In heat storage process, lauric acid is heated and its temperature is rising. Temperature measuring point between 30 and 60℃ is selected as experiment temperature scale. The experiment data are recorded by data acquisition instrument Agilent 34970A. Weather parameters including ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed is collected by meteorological station. The measurement of air volume flow rate is performed by air volume cover TS18371. Air volume flow rates of 60, 120, 180, and 240 m<sup>3</sup>/h are chosen as working conditions which include heat storage process and heat release process. The thermal performance of collection-storage system (heat storage process) is analyzed. The experiment tests the collector efficiency, and thermal charging and discharging time, thermal charging and discharging power of phase change thermal storage device under different air volume flow rate. In a range of tests, air volume flow rate of 60, 120, 180, and 240 m<sup>3</sup>/h produces collector efficiency of 35.64%, 38.00%, 44.92% and 51.33%, respectively, and 240 m<sup>3</sup>/h air volume flow rate has the maximum collector efficiency. It is concluded that increasing air volume flow rate can enhance collector efficiency. A high air volume flow rate can strengthen air disturbance and heat convection between air and fins. A large air volume flow rate contributes to short thermal charging and discharging times, and a high thermal charging and discharging power. In the experimental range, 240 m<sup>3</sup>/h air volume flow rate has a shortest thermal charging and discharging time, which is 161 and 154 min, respectively; and it has the maximum thermal charging power of 633 W and discharging power of 486 W. During heat storage process, thermal charging power is firstly increased and then decreased, which is determined by solar radiation and mean temperature of lauric acid in thermal storage device. In addition, in heat release process, experimental working condition with 60 m<sup>3</sup>/h air volume flow rate can provide a small fluctuation of outlet temperature and stable thermal discharging power, so it is more suitable in the field of space heating and agricultural products drying domain. Resistance is an important parameter of evaluation system, and it determines the selection and energy consumption of the fan. Pressure drop of collection-storage and heat release process is less than 327 and 40 Pa, respectively. Hence, heat release process has a small resistance loss. And fan with low power can provide impetus to finish air flowing.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Collector efficiency
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Air - Aluminum - Capillary flow - Crops - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Drying - Energy utilization - Fans - Fatty acids - Fins (heat exchange) - Flow rate - Glass - Heat conduction - Heat convection - Heat pipes - Heat resistance - Heat storage - Heat transfer - Phase change materials - Renewable energy resources - Saturated fatty acids - Solar collectors - Solar energy - Solar radiation - Space heating - Storage (materials) - Thermal insulation - Virtual storage - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Meteorological station - Micro heat pipe arrays - Phase change temperature - Phase-change thermal storages - Renewable energy source - Storage systems - Thermal insulation materials - Thermal insulation pipes
Classification code:413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 541.1 Aluminum - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.1 Space Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 702.3 Solar Cells - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 812.3 Glass - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 3.50e+04A, Mass 1.55e+01kg, Percentage 3.56e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 4.49e+01%, Percentage 5.13e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Power 4.86e+02W, Power 6.33e+02W, Pressure 3.27e+02Pa, Pressure 4.00e+01Pa, Size 7.90e-01m, Time 9.24e+03s, Time 9.66e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20174704434874
Title:Experiment on bactericidal efficacy in drinking system using slightly acidic electrolyzed water in large-scale poultry houses
Authors:Wang, Yang (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Jiafa (1, 2, 3); Hu, Xijun (4); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Henan Liujiang Ecological Animal Husbandry Co. LTD, Jiyuan; 459000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Baoming(libm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:230-236
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The quality of drinking water system has a significant impact on health and performance of poultry. The drinking water system quality has been considered an important factor for pathogens and epidemic infection entry into poultry buildings. It is critical therefore to control the bacteria concentration to ensure the bird's well-being and reduce the mortality. The nipple drinking system has been mechanization in large-scale, which has reduced the need for manual labor and decreased the water leakage. However, it is difficult to clean the nipple drinkers and water pipes because the nipple drinking system is a closed system. Also, it is hard to prevent and control the biofilm of water pipe, due to there are a wide variety of bacterial transmission routes. It is a common practice that multiplex vitamin solution, vaccine and drug are added in the water drinking system. However, such practice could cause the high level of bacteria and microorganisms in the system, polluted water, and clogged up nipple drinkers. Thus, we need to find solutions to solve issue of how to control the bacterial concentrations of nipple drinking system to ensure a safe drinking water for birds so that the health of birds can be improved and the use of drugs in production can be reduced. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been widely used in agricultural production fields, including disinfection of the vehicle tire surface, human, eggs, spraying layer farm, etc., and has the advantages of possessing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water is generated through electrolysis of dilute salt solution and hydrochloric acid. But there is no information found in literatures about research on its bactericidal efficacy of drinking system using slightly acidic electrolyzed water in layer houses. In this paper, we studied effect of the washing drinking system, adding multiplex vitamin solution and slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the logarithm of bacterial concentrations in drinking water system. As well, variation of slightly acidic electrolyzed water residue chlorine during test period and the schematic diagram of adding slightly acidic electrolyzed for drinking water system in laying hen house was studied. The experiment was conducted in a large-scale layer hen poultry house located at Henan province. The results showed: 1) Before adding multiplex vitamin solution, the logarithm of bacterial concentrations in drinking water system was (2.81±0.06) lg(CFU/mL). For 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h after adding multiplex vitamin solution, the logarithm of bacterial concentrations in drinking water system were respectively (3.09±0.06), (2.96±0.04), (2.98±0.05), (3.02±0.06), (2.95±0.03), (2.97±0.11), (2.93±0.04), and (2.95±0.06) lg(CFU/mL). The logarithm of bacterial concentrations were respectively increased by 9.96%, 5.33%, 6.04%, 7.47%, 4.98%, 5.69%, 4.27%, 4.98%. Adding multiplex vitamin solution led to the bacterial concentrations decrease;2) By conventional method of cleaning nipple drinking system can reduce the bacterial concentration to a certain degree and decrease the suspended matter, but cannot make bacterial concentrations reached the national standard.3) Before adding slightly acidic electrolyzed water, the bacterial concentrations was far higher than the bacterial concentrations standard for drinking water in China. After addition of the 0.3 mg/L slightly acidic electrolyzed water for 24 hours, the bacterial concentrations were reduced to below national standard and decreased by 34.7%, and the logarithm of bacterial concentrations in drinking water system were (1.83±0.05) lg(CFU/mL). The results indicated that SAEW has a great potential to be used as effective disinfection method for the drinking water system of layer hen houses. Results of this study provide an effective measure to reduce bacterial concentrations of poultry drinking water system and the study contributes to ensuring the bird's well-being and reducing the mortality.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Potable water
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bacteria - Birds - Disinfection - Electrolytic cleaning - Experiments - Houses - Machinery - Microorganisms - Schematic diagrams - Sterilization (cleaning) - Water - Water pipelines - Water piping systems - Water pollution - Water quality - Waterworks
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Anti-microbial activity - Bacteria concentrations - Bacterial transmission - Conventional methods - Drinking water systems - Poultry house - Slightly acidic electrolyzed waters
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 444 Water Resources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 446 Waterworks - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 461.9 Biology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.00e-04kg/m3, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 4.27e+00%, Percentage 4.98e+00%, Percentage 5.33e+00%, Percentage 5.69e+00%, Percentage 6.04e+00%, Percentage 7.47e+00%, Percentage 9.96e+00%, Time 2.59e+05s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20174704434883
Title:Design and implementation of watermelon traceable identification algorithm based on biometric texture information
Authors:Xing, Xiangyang (1); Liu, Feng (1); Gao, Junxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Junxiang(gao200@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:298-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A traceability system is able to provide an opportunity of obtaining quality and safety information of agricultural products from farm to table. Over the past years, many researchers have engaged in it and continuously made significant progresses, however, the identification of fruit has not been resolved perfectly. Traditional identification technologies include barcode, QR (quick response) code and RFID (radio frequency identification) card. Unfortunately, the barcode and QR code paper tags are easily stained in fruit storage and transportation with high humidity, while RFID is rather expensive for low value products like fruits. Biometric identification is distinctive, and measurable characteristics are used to label and describe individuals. The physical characteristics and traits used in biometric identification include but are not limited to fingerprint, iris, voice and face. Since biometric identifiers are unique to individuals, they are more reliable in identification than traditional methods. As a newer and safer technology, biometrics is being extensively studied and widely used in human identification currently. In recent years, it is also used on livestock such as cattle and sheep, yet it has not been reported so far on biometric identification of fresh fruit. This study tried to introduce biometric technology into fruit identification of traceability system to fill in this gap. Based on the algorithm of iris recognition, a watermelon identification method was proposed to exploit texture information of the area around the fruit pedicel. The method could be briefed as the following procedures. The color image of watermelon was firstly transformed into gray image to reduce computational complexity and improve calculation efficiency. Then 2 concentric circles were constructed to center the watermelon pedicel, which would be the annulus area for extracting texture information. To ensure the invariance of translation and scaling, every original annulus area image was normalized to the same size using polar coordinates transformation. The texture information of normalized rectangle image was filtered using one-dimensional Gabor filters to extract the orientation and phase information due to its excellent direction selectivity and frequency selectivity. The identification of watermelon texture code based on the above steps is a typical pattern matching problem. This study identifies watermelon using the Hamming distance between texture codes. When the Hamming distance is less than the preset threshold, it would be judged to be from the same individual, vice versa. To eliminate the effect of image rotation, this study converts the rotation of the texture image into code offset, and moves forward or backward the code to overcome the problem of image rotation. The experiments were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of identification method using the texture of annulus area around the watermelon pedicel. As a watermelon can usually be stored for 2 weeks without spoiling at room temperature, we acquired an image for each of 100 watermelons on the harvest day, the 7th day and the 14th day after harvest and figured out 3 groups of texture codes for subsequent phases. The Hamming distances were computed between each texture on the 7th day and on the harvest day, as well as the 14th day and the harvest day. We can get the following results from the experiments. Firstly, every watermelon has its unique texture code. In other words, the texture code of any watermelon is similar with the one from the same individual, while significantly different from the one from any other watermelon. Secondly, we compared 2 groups of Hamming distances from different time using paired-samples T-test and figured out P-value that was 0.826 4. It showed that there was no significant difference between the 2 groups of Hamming distances above, which implied the texture feature of watermelon was relatively stable within 2 weeks after harvest. Thirdly, we divided the 100 watermelon into 2 equal groups and calculated the threshold using one group, and then discriminated the other group with the threshold. All the Hamming distances were classified with 100% accuracy rate and 100% recall rate. Finally, the pictures of watermelon would not be exactly identical if they were acquired at different time or on different conditions. These variations likely cause translation, scaling and rotation of watermelon in an image, and the experiment shows that the method is adaptive to these inevitable variations. Although some problems need to be studied further, this research provides a new idea of biometric identification for fruit quality and safety traceability system.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Algorithms - Anthropometry - Bar codes - Biometrics - Codes (symbols) - Feature extraction - Food safety - Food storage - Fruits - Gabor filters - Hamming distance - Harvesting - Image enhancement - Image texture - Information filtering - One dimensional - Pattern matching - Rotation - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Biometric identifications - Calculation efficiency - Design and implementations - Frequency selectivity - Identification algorithms - Identification technology - Physical characteristics - Traceability systems
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 694.4 Storage - 703.2 Electric Filters - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.84e-02yr, Percentage 1.00e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20174704434854
Title:Optimal design of anti sway inner cavity structure of agricultural UAV pesticide tank
Authors:Li, Xi (1); Zhang, Junxiong (1); Qu, Feng (1); Zhang, Wenqiang (1); Wang, Dashuai (1); Li, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Junxiong(cau2007@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:72-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of agricultural UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) instability caused by the shaking of liquid in the pesticide tank, the tank was optimally designed by arranging horizontal and vertical grille in the empty tank. The grilles were mainly to increase damping, thereby weakening the vibration of the liquid. The horizontal grille contained a number of gaps ranging from 0 to 7, and the vertical grille contained a number of gaps ranging from 0 to 10. The displacement amplitude of the liquid center relative to the tank in the excitation direction and the impact force of liquid on the side walls of the tank were taken as the evaluation conditions. At 0-0.55 s, the acceleration of the uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion was 2 m/s<sup>2</sup>, the speed remained constant at 0.55-1.1 s, and at 1.10 s, the speed was reduced to 0. The simulation condition was to simulate the acceleration and rapid stop of the UAV. The VOF (volume of fluid) model and k-epsilon model in Fluent software were used to simulate the anti sway effect of horizontal and vertical damping grille with 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% liquid filling rate, 30%, 50%, 70% arranged height and different shapes. The simulation results showed that the peak value of the liquid velocity at the vertical direction in the rectangular empty box appeared in the area near the wall of the box, and the peak value of the liquid velocity in the excitation direction appeared in the central area of the box; and 2 kinds of damping grilles both reduced the variation of the gravity center of the sloshing liquid in the excitation direction. In the case of liquid impact on the tank, the horizontal damping grille would increase the liquid impact on the tank when the depth of liquid filling and the arrangement of horizontal grille overlapped, in other cases, the horizontal grille could reduce the impact force of the liquid to the tank, and the impact force tended to be stable when the slot number was 6. The vertical damping grille could effectively reduce the impact force of the liquid to the tank under every condition of the liquid filling rate, and the impact force would be stable when the number of the grooves was 9. In order to verify the reliability of the simulation analysis, the liquid sloshing test platform was designed. The rail length of the testing platform is 1.2 m, and a three-phase AC (alternating current) motor is used to drive the liquid box. A color high-speed camera with 1 000 fps was used to collect sequential images of the liquid in the box. According to the simulation result, a tank with double horizontal grille and vertical grille was made and a bench test was carried out. An empty box and an optimized box were contrasted in the test, and both boxes were tested at 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% liquid filling depth. The tests were conducted with 10 repetitions. The test result was in agreement with the simulation result, which confirmed that the optimized tank had a better inhibitory effect on liquid sloshing. Compared with the empty tank, after optimization of the grilles, the sway time of the waving liquid was reduced significantly. The optimized box can play a better effect of calming down the waving liquid. The result will be helpful for enhancing the stability of the UAV in case of emergency braking of hitting by the wind.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Liquid sloshing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computational fluid dynamics - Damping - Design - Doors - Filling - Fluids - High speed cameras - Liquids - Optimal systems - Optimization - Pesticides - Reliability analysis - Tanks (containers) - Testing - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Windows
Uncontrolled terms:Alternating current - Displacement amplitudes - Horizontal damping - Rectilinear motion - Simulation analysis - Tank - UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) - VOF (volume of fluid)
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 619.2 Tanks - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 2.00e+00m/s2, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Time 0.00e+00s to 5.50e-01s, Time 1.10e+00s, Time 5.50e-01s to 1.10e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20174704434866
Title:Analysis of performance and regeneration method of internally-heated liquid desiccant regenerator
Authors:Peng, Donggen (1); Luo, Danting (1); Li, Shunyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:165-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Liquid desiccant cooling system, as a good alternative to traditional electric refrigeration air conditioner, is environmentally friendly and can be driven by low-grade energy while it can improve indoor air quality and has high energy storage capacity. The regeneration technique, a key technique in the liquid desiccant cooling system, must be developed before it is widely applied in variety of buildings. The present methods of solution regeneration have electrodialysis, membrane energy exchanger, ultrasonic atomization regeneration, packing tower, and so on. The first three have complicated structures and high costs for their application on a large scale. The packing tower regenerator because of its simple structure and being driven possibly by low-grade energy has attracted many attentions across the world. In packing tower regenerators, the internally-heated liquid desiccant regenerator is a kind of high-efficient solution regeneration device. To improve the reliability and economy of internally-heated regeneration technique, the mathematical models of pre-heated and internally-heated regeneration are established based on the energy and mass conservation between solution and air as well as the energy conservation between heated water and solution in this paper, which include parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow with 2 kinds of different flow directions of heated water respectively, and their theoretical performances are numerically simulated and compared with each other. As for the regeneration performances affected by the ways of heating solution and flow directions of heated water, the simulation results show that regeneration performances of internally-heated type are about 2-4 times that of pre-heated type in most conditions, which means the internally-heated regenerator has a better performance. And the regeneration performances are greatly influenced by the flow-rate ratios of solution to air and heated water to air. With the decrease in flow-rate ratio of solution to air and the increase in flow-rate ratio of heated water to air, the regeneration performances of the internally-heated regenerator are increasingly better than that of the pre-heated regenerator. At the maximum point of the internally-heated (flow-rate ratio of solution to air is 0.1 and flow-rate ratio of heated water to air is 0.95, flow-rate ratio of air is 1 kg/s), the rate of evaporation is calculated to be 20 times that of the pre-heated at its maximum point (flow-rate ratio of solution to air is 0.4, flow-rate ratio of heated water to air is 0.65). The flow direction of heated water in internally-heated regenerator is divided into 2 conditions: Heated-water is parallel to solution (Direction I) or counter to solution (Direction II). It is also found the regeneration performances, when the heated water flows counter to solution, are superior to heated water paralleling to solution and are increased by 5% at most. As for the effects of the numbers of heat transfer units (NTU<inf>1</inf>and NTU<inf>2</inf>), the regeneration performances in general increase with the increase in NTU<inf>1</inf>and NTU<inf>2</inf>, and a fitted curve combining NTU<inf>1</inf>with NTU<inf>2</inf>occurs that presents the rapidest increase in regeneration performance with the increasing of NTU<inf>1</inf>and NTU<inf>2</inf>. Besides, it is also exposed that parallel type shows the largest concentration difference of solution and the cross type is about 97% of that, while the counter type only reaches about 87% as much as parallel type in the worst condition. The results in this paper can offer theoretical supports for the optimal design of internally-heated regenerator.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Parallel flow
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Air quality - Concentration (process) - Cooling systems - Dialysis membranes - Driers (materials) - Flow rate - Heat transfer - Indoor air pollution - Liquids - Models - Regenerators - Thermoelectric equipment - Ultrasonic applications
Uncontrolled terms:Complicated structures - Energy storage capacity - Heat transfer units - Internally-heated - Performance - Regeneration performance - Theoretical performance - Ultrasonic atomization
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.3 Air Conditioning - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.00e+00kg/s, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20174704434882
Title:Effect of simulated cold chain temperature fluctuation on fluorescence quenching of CdTe quantum dots
Authors:Yang, Jiamin (1); Xu, Yi (1); Niu, Yiqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai; 200093, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Yi(xuyi@usst.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:291-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, we studied the influence of storage temperature, temperature fluctuation range and fluctuation frequency on the fluorescence quenching properties of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) during cold chain storage and transportation. The results showed that the storage temperature and time had significant effects on the fluorescence quenching of QDs. The color of QDs changed from red to colorless via orange and green. When the storage temperature was 25℃, the QDs turned to colorless after 50 hours, while the color was still green under 4℃ and -5℃, and it changed from red to orange at -20℃. The higher the temperature was, the faster the color changed. In the cold chain simulation test, the QDs turned to colorless after 20 hours and 18 hours respectively when the temperature fluctuated from 4℃ to 25℃ and 40℃ per 30 min., respectively. In the freezing environment at -20℃, the QDs turned to colorless after 26 hours and 23 hours respectively when temperature fluctuated to 25℃ and 40℃. Obviously, the higher the storage temperature was, the faster the QDs quenched. The greater the fluctuation amplitude was, the quicker the color changed, the faster the HSV value changed. Likewise, the higher the fluctuation frequency was, the quicker the color changed and the faster the QDs quenched. In the process of fluorescence quenching, the storage temperature, fluctuation amplitude and frequency have regular effects on the value of hue, saturation and value of the quantum dots. The value of hue increased with time, and the saturation value and value value were stable for a period of time, and then decreased. The higher the temperature, the greater the amplitude and frequency, the faster the saturation value and the value value changed. Regardless of the temperature fluctuation amplitude or the increasing of the fluctuation frequency, it intended to increase the accumulated value of time and temperature, the greater the accumulated time and temperature value and the faster the quench of the QDs. This was similar to the change in food quality. The batch tests of QDs showed that the quench time of different batches showed obvious discrepancy under the same conditions, the first batch turned to colorless after 59 hours under 4℃, while the second batch cost 23 hours. The results illustrated that the HSV value of the second batch changed faster than the first one, but it was constant during the quenching process. The study demonstrated that the QDs can be applied to the cold chain monitor by squeezing the color parameters, thus CdTe QDs have a potential for food cold chain storage and transport monitoring. It is also necessary to optimize the preparation process of CdTe QDs so that the fluorescence quenching properties in the cold chain is more similar to that of food quality. It is expected that the time-temperature indicator based on QDs will be applied to food cold chain transport process to characterize the changes of food quality.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Food storage
Controlled terms:Cadmium compounds - Cadmium telluride - Chains - Citrus fruits - Color - Fluorescence - Nanocrystals - Quenching - Semiconductor quantum dots - Tellurium compounds - Temperature - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:CdTe quantum dots - Cdte quantum dots (QDs) - Cold chain - Fluctuation amplitudes - Fluorescence quenching - Storage and transportations - Temperature fluctuation - Time-temperature indicators
Classification code:537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.4 Storage - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1 Light/Optics - 761 Nanotechnology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.80e+03s, Time 1.80e+05s, Time 2.12e+05s, Time 6.48e+04s, Time 7.20e+04s, Time 8.28e+04s, Time 9.36e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20174704434881
Title:Fruit characteristic and flesh tissue feature of special firmness type processing tomato cultivar
Authors:Yang, Shengbao (1, 2); Tang, Yaping (2); Yang, Tao (2); Xu, Juan (2); Li, Ning (2); Patiguli (2); Wang, Baike (1, 2); Gao, Jie (1); Yu, Qinghui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Qinghui(yuqinghui98@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:285-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The object of this paper is to analyze fruit and flesh tissue of special firmness type processing tomato breeding lines. The breeding lines of WT-75 and WT-76 generated via open field were employed in this paper to evaluate the variance of fruit's main quality traits, such as the content of fruit soluble solid, the content of total acid, the content of lycopene, compression resistance of per fruit, water content for flesh tissue, and the content of soluble pecti. Meanwhile, the characteristic of fruit flesh tissue between different materials using paraffin section and electron microscope technology was also analyzed. The results showed that the firmness of WT-75 and WT-76 gained by hand squeezing was ultra-hard compared to the soft fruit of control ZH-10. The compression resistance of per fruit of WT-75 and WT -76 tested by flat plate compression were 79.70 N and 77.71 N which were significantly (P<0.01) stronger than control ZH-10 level. Moreover, among all the fruit quality traits, the concentration of soluble pectin of WT-75 and WT -76 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than control ZH-10, and the content of soluble pecti of this three lines was 0.66 g/kg, 0.64 g/kg and 0.55 g/kg, respectively. The significant variance did not exist (P>0.05) among other fruit quality traits among different research lines. The results of paraffin section showed that the average fruit flesh cell area of WT-75 and WT-76 was 0.0376 mm<sup>2</sup>and 0.0532 mm<sup>2</sup>at 200 μm vision which was obviously smaller (P<0.01) and arranged so tightly than control ZH-10 whose average fruit flesh cell area was 0.089 9 mm<sup>2</sup>. The flesh cell size result from electron microscope observation was similar to the result from paraffin section. Moreover, when the fruits of three research lines stored under room temperature after 35 days, the rotted fruit percent of the control ZH-10, WT-75 and WT-76 was 64%, 93% and 33%, respectively. The degree of rotted fruit of WT-75 was higher than ZH-10 and WT-76. Furthermore, compared to control ZH-10 and WT-76, more lenticels were found on WT-75's fruit flesh skin from electron microscope observation, which may be the main reason caused the fruits of WT-75 easily rotted under room temperature storage. The research results of main quality of fruit, characteristic of flesh and room temperature storage differences of special firmness type in processing tomato will provide theoretically support for screening the suitable parental lines for hybridization of processing tomato cultivar in the future.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Electron microscopes - Hardness - Paraffins - Processing - Quality control - Tissue - Tissue engineering
Uncontrolled terms:Breeding lines - Compression resistance - Fruit characteristics - Fruit quality - Parental lines - Processing tomatoes - Research results - Tomato
Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 913.4 Manufacturing - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.59e-02yr, Area 3.76e-08m2, Area 5.32e-08m2, Force 7.77e+01N, Force 7.97e+01N, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 6.40e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Size 2.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20174704434875
Title:Effect of biomass ash size and high-diameter ratio of filter on purification effect of digested slurry
Authors:Li, Gang (1, 2, 3, 4); Cui, Yanping (1, 2, 3, 4); Zhang, Hao (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Ling (1, 2, 3, 4); Yue, Jianzhi (1, 2, 3, 4); Jiao, Youzhou (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Rural Renewable Energy, Zhengzhou; Henan Province; 450002, China; (4) Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:237-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to avoid environmental pollution caused by biomass ash piled up on the open air and digested slurry discharged directly, and explore the utilization way, biomass ash was used as filter material to clarify digested slurry in infiltration. The results show that biomass ash can be used as filter material to clarify digested slurry. Particle size is the major influence factor for the cleaning of digested slurry, and the small particles have the better cleaning effect than large particles due to their specific surface area and spatial structure. Under the same experimental conditions, when particle size is large than 3 mm, infiltration rate is 4.17 mL/s, COD (chemical oxygen demand) of clarified digested slurry is 1 880 mg/L, TS (total solid) content of clarified digested slurry is 1.46 g/L, and the removal rates of COD and TS in digested slurry are 58.71% and 67.69%, respectively. When particle size is less than 0.5 mm, infiltration rate is 0.46 mL/s, COD of clarified digested slurry is 221 mg/L and TS of clarified digested slurry is 0.61 g/L, and the removal rates of COD and TS in digested slurry are 94.07% and 87.16%, respectively. The ratio of height to diameter of clarification column not only affects the flow path of digested slurry, but also affects its clarifying effect. When COD removal ratio is used as evaluating indicator, in order to get better cleaning effect, the height-diameter ratio of clarification column is more than 1.34 when particle size of biomass ash is less than 0.5 mm, is not less than 2.3 when particle size of biomass ash is between 0.5 and 1 mm, is not less than 2.68 when particle size of biomass ash is between 1 and 1.5 mm, is not less than 5.01 when particle size of biomass ash is between 1.5 and 2 mm, and is not less than 10.662 when particle size of biomass ash is greater than 3 mm, the COD values of clarified digested slurry were 236, 276, 305, 315 and 342 mg/L respectively, and the removal rates of COD were 94.82%, 93.94%, 93.3%, 93.08% and 92.49%, respectively. The clarified digested slurry quality is close to agricultural irrigation water requirements. The clarifying capacity of biomass ash in different particle sizes is 9-10 mL/g when particle size of biomass ash is less than 0.5 mm, 10-11 mL/g when particle size of biomass ash is between 0.5 and 1 mm, 8-9 mL/g when particle size of biomass ash is between 1 and 1.5 mm, 4-5 mL/g when particle size of biomass ash is between 1.5 and 2 mm, and 3-4 mL/g when particle size of biomass ash is greater than 3 mm, respectively.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Particle size
Controlled terms:Bandpass filters - Biomass - Chemical oxygen demand - Clarifiers - Cleaning - Infiltration - Irrigation - Purification - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation water - Biomass ashes - Clarify capacity - Different particle sizes - Environmental pollutions - Evaluating indicators - Experimental conditions - Purification effect
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 703.2 Electric Filters - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.46e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.88e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.21e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.15e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.42e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.10e-01kg/m3, Percentage 5.87e+01%, Percentage 6.77e+01%, Percentage 8.72e+01%, Percentage 9.25e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Percentage 9.39e+01%, Percentage 9.41e+01%, Percentage 9.48e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m to 1.50e-03m, Size 1.50e-03m to 2.00e-03m, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-04m to 1.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-04m, Specific_Volume 1.00e-02m3/kg to 1.10e-02m3/kg, Specific_Volume 3.00e-03m3/kg to 4.00e-03m3/kg, Specific_Volume 4.00e-03m3/kg to 5.00e-03m3/kg, Specific_Volume 8.00e-03m3/kg to 9.00e-03m3/kg, Specific_Volume 9.00e-03m3/kg to 1.00e-02m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20174704434867
Title:Development of carbon, gas and oil poly-generation pilot system based on biomass continuous pyrolysis
Authors:Cong, Hongbin (1, 2); Yao, Zonglu (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Jia, Jixiu (1, 2); Lan, Shan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:173-179
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass carbonization technology refers to the process of biochar, bio-oil, and non-condensable gas products' formation from raw biomass material. This process occurs in the anaerobic or hypoxic environment, which is a low-temperature slow pyrolysis technology. Biomass pyrolysis and multi-generation technology uses modern biomass carbonization technology as the core. Bio-carbon, high-quality gas, wood tar and wood vinegar and other products are produced through the separation and purification of pyrolysis gas. Biochar can be widely used in carbon sequestration, water purification, heavy metal adsorption and soil improvement. Thus, biochar production and application have attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign researchers. Pyrolysis gas has an important development and utilization value as a high-quality clean gas. With the advantages of high utilization rate of resources, diversified product forms and less secondary pollution, this technology can further improve the development and utilization of comprehensive benefits. It also meets the strategic thinking on comprehensive utilization of biomass energy resources, and has a good prospect of popularization and application. Continuous biomass carbonization technology represents the future development direction of biomass carbonization technology, with the advantages of good production continuity, high productivity, convenient process controlling and relatively stable product quality. In view of the fact that most of the biomass carbonization equipment has poor continuity, high energy consumption and secondary tar pollution, the carbon, gas, and oil co-production process scheme was put forward. Combined with the latest development in the biomass carbonization technology and the raw material characteristics of agricultural and forestry residues, continuous segmentation pyrolysis, multi-stage combined dust removal and fuel/gas reuse heating process methods were used. Based on it, the technologies of evenly and orderly multi-level screw board material delivering, efficient multi-cavity swirl cascade heat transferring, insulated settled and sealed char launching, with system pressure and gas component coupling early warning obtained the breakthrough. In addition, biomass continuous pyrolysis test production system was also developed. When this equipment worked, the raw material was orderly reversed with the rotation of continuous pyrolysis reaction tube in the reaction chamber. Dehydration, volatile precipitation and cracking reaction occurred during this process. As the material fell down, the biochar was separated from the gas. The biochar entered into thermal insulation device and was further carbonized in the oxygen and heat insulation environment. After being cooled down, the production was sequentially output through the screw conveyor. As for the pyrolysis gas, it was transferred to the high-pressure gas storage device using the booster pump after the steps of dust removal, multi-stage condensation, and scrubbing. To form a micro-positive pressure carbonization environment in the reaction chamber, this system would control the air volume in real time with the help of pressure signal feedback. The result showed that the system was stable and reliable. Using the peanut shell as the raw material, its treatment capacity was 28.2 kg/h, the biochar yield was 31.3%, the gas calorific value was 16.3 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>, and the temperature control precision was ±10℃. All of the technical indicators reached the system design goals and requirements. In this way, the pilot system development provided the foundation for equipment amplification and demonstration applications. Biomass pyrolysis and polygeneration can further improve the comprehensive development and utilization benefits of biomass resources, in line with the comprehensive utilization strategic thinking of biomass energy, which has a good application prospect.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Air pollution - Air purification - Biomass - Carbonization - Charcoal - Chemicals removal (water treatment) - Dust - Dust control - Energy resources - Energy utilization - Equipment - Gases - Heavy metals - Pollution - Process control - Purification - Quality control - Screws - Tar - Temperature - Thermal insulation - Virtual storage
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive utilizations - Development - Development and utilizations - Pilot system - Poly-generation - Raw material characteristics - Separation and purification - Temperature control precision
Classification code:413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 451 Air Pollution - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901 Engineering Profession - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 7.83e-03kg/s, Percentage 3.13e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20174704434884
Title:Compression mechanical properties and crack formation law of millet grain
Authors:Sun, Jingxin (1); Yang, Zuomei (1); Guo, Yuming (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Wu, Xinhui (1); Zhang, Yanqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Yuming(guoyuming99@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:306-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Millet contains protein, vitamin B1 and other mineral elements needed for human health, which has functions of enhancing blood circulation, brain tonic, and sleep quality. In recent years, the market demand for millet is rising. However, the mechanization level of millet harvesting is low. Manual harvesting is very common, which requires high labor intensity, has low efficiency and results in insufficient supply of millet. In this paper, we systematically investigated effects of moisture content and varieties of millet on its physical parameters, effects of millet varieties and compression azimuth on the compression mechanical properties (including yield load, deformation, failure energy and apparent elastic modulus) of millet, and effects of compression azimuth on crack formation of millet. The study results are expected to provide the basis for the design and optimization of millet harvester and related processing machinery. In this paper, the 1000-grain weight was measured by an electronic balance, the triaxial sizes by a vernier caliper, and the moisture content by fast grain moisture analyzer for four millet varieties: Zhangza-10, Dungu, Jingu-21, Changgu. The sphericity of the millet, the arithmetic mean diameter and the geometric diameter were calculated using the triaxial sizes. The compression tests were carried out along X, Y, Z axis using a texture analyzer and the data were analyzed by SAS statistics software. The yield load, deformation, and failure energy were obtained from the force-distance curve measured by a texture analyzer. At the same time, the apparent elastic modulus was calculated according to the Hertz formula. The experimental results were summarized as follows in six categories. 1) For the physical parameters of the millet, with a moisture content between 15.2% and 25.1%, the length, width, height, 1 000-grain weight, average diameter and geometric mean diameter of millet grain decreased as the moisture content decreased. The millet length, width and thickness range from 2.028 to 2.112 mm, 1.818 to 1.931 mm, 1.413 to 1.513 mm, respectively. The sphericity of millet was more than 84%; the arithmetic mean diameter varied from 1.750 mm to 1.852 mm; and the geometric mean diameter 1.732 mm to 1.834 mm. Therefore, the shape of millet can be regarded as ellipsoid. There were significant differences (P<0.001) in the triaxial sizes, 1000-grain weight, sphericity, arithmetic mean diameter and geometric mean diameter among different varieties. When the moisture content of millet was about 25%, the 1000-grain weight of Jingu-21 was 3.473 g, which was the heaviest millet, while Zhangza-10 was 3.264 g, which was the lightest millet. The moisture content has a negligible effect on the sphericity. The effect of varieties on sphericity was significant (P<0.001). 2) For factors on the compression mechanical properties, the influence of moisture content, compression azimuth, and variety on the compression mechanical properties were significant (P<0.01). The significant factors affecting the compression mechanical properties were compression azimuth, moisture content, and variety in a sequence from the most significant to the least significant. 3) For the effects of the moisture content, for the same kind of millet, the yield load and apparent elastic modulus decreased as the moisture content increased during compression in X, Y, Z axis. The yield load decreased slowly when moisture content ranged from 20.9% to 25.1%. The deformation and failure energy first decreased and then increased as the moisture content increased. For the same azimuth compression, the better the quality of the millet, the more compact the internal structure, and the smaller the deformation. 4) For crack formation of the millet: on the X axial, a crack started from the crest of the grain along the junction of embryo and endosperm, and then extended throughout the X axis. On the Y axis, a crack started from the connection point of grain and probe and the connection point of grain and base throughout the Y axis because of stress concentration. On the Z axis, a crack started from the junction of embryo and endosperm on the back to the ventral hilum along the weakest part of endosperm resistance extending throughout half of the grain. 5) For the effects of compression azimuth, the yield load increased in turn on the X, Y, and Z axis and the deformation and failure energy decreased on the X, Z, and Y axis in turn. The apparent elastic modulus of the millet increased in turn on the X, Y, and Z axis. This result indicated that millet was not uniform and it was an anisotropic body. 6) For the effects of millet varieties, with the same moisture content, the compression mechanical properties of Jingu-21, Dungu, Changgu and Zhangza-10 varied from large to small. This indicated that Jingu-21 had a relatively good compression resistance and quality.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Moisture
Controlled terms:Cardiovascular system - Compression testing - Cracks - Deformation - Elastic moduli - Electronic scales - Geometry - Loads (forces) - Machine design - Machinery - Mechanical properties - Minerals - Moisture determination - Software testing
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent elastic modulus - Arithmetic mean diameter - Compression resistance - Deformation and failures - Design and optimization - Force-distance curves - Geometric mean diameters - Varieties
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 482.2 Minerals - 601 Mechanical Design - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.26e-03kg, Mass 3.47e-03kg, Percentage 1.52e+01% to 2.51e+01%, Percentage 2.09e+01% to 2.51e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Size 1.41e-03m to 1.51e-03m, Size 1.73e-03m to 1.83e-03m, Size 1.82e-03m to 1.93e-03m, Size 2.03e-03m to 2.11e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20174704434872
Title:Application of modified diffuse total nitrogen export coefficient model at watershed scale
Authors:Pang, Shuijiang (1); Wang, Xiaoyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Research Center of Aquatic Environment in the Capital Region, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xiaoyan(wangxy@cnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:213-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It has been widely proved that nitrogen is vital to maintain terrestrial ecosystem balance and world food safety at global scale. However, with the increasing development of social economy and population growth, excessive synthetic nitrogen has been discharged into water bodies in the world, which is recognized as one of the most important causes of water environment deterioration and eutrophication. Within the numerous nitrogen sources, diffuse pollution from agricultural activities has been identified as the most important contributor to nitrogen loss in more and more areas. Therefore, it is more crucial and meaningful to assess precisely nitrogen loss potential and to identify its impact factors for the effectively integrated watershed management. In this study, a modified nitrogen export coefficient model was developed considering the nitrogen production, surface runoff generation, leaching potential of soil moisture, and landscape interception in the given watershed. To examine the performance of the modified total nitrogen export coefficient model, this modified result was validated by the monitoring data of water quality at the outlet of Chao River watershed, which is one of the 2 major tributaries into Miyun Reservoir in the northeast of Beijing. Then, the critical source areas (CSAs) of nitrogen loss were identified, and the impact factors of nitrogen loss were determined by the boosted regression trees algorithm. The major results were illustrated as follows: 1) For monitoring loading of total nitrogen at outlet of Chao River, the modified export coefficient model was characterized by a higher accuracy with a relative error of 8.23% compared with the traditional export coefficient model with a relative error of 18.94%. 2) The CSAs of total nitrogen loss were mainly distributed in the western areas of upper and middle stream, as well as the downstream riparian region in this watershed, where existed higher nitrogen load for intensive agricultural economic activities. Regarding to administrative scale, Fengning County (Dage and Heishanzui Town), Luanping County (Hushiha and Bakeshiying Town), Miyun District (Gaoling, Gubeikou and Taishitun Town) were identified as the CSAs of total nitrogen loss for their higher population and livestock density, and the relative lower capability of landscape interception. In particular, the high potential of total nitrogen loss was also identified in the south area and riparian zone in the Chao River watershed. 3) Based on the boosted regression trees model, by extracting 5 000 samples in ArcGIS 10.1 platform, the anthropological factors were determined as the most important impacting factors for total nitrogen loss. The contributions of the amount of total nitrogen fertilizer application, the livestock breeding scale and the topography slope to total nitrogen loss in the watershed were 54.74%, 17.48% and 16.53%, respectively. Therefore, control on the unreasonable scale of total nitrogen and livestock was necessary and recommended to reduce the severe nitrogen pollution and to protect the drinking water safety of Beijing City. In summary, the proposed total nitrogen export coefficient model can be applied to provide available information for the environmentalists, farmers and watershed managers to prevent and alleviate diffuse total nitrogen loss especially in the area lacking effective data.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Agriculture - Economics - Eutrophication - Forestry - Nitrogen - Pollution - Pollution control - Population statistics - Potable water - Reservoirs (water) - River pollution - Rivers - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Surface waters - Trees (mathematics) - Water - Water conservation - Water management - Water pollution - Water pollution control - Water quality - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural activities - Boosted regression trees - Critical source areas - Export coefficient models - Fertilizer applications - Integrated watershed management - Surface runoff generation - Terrestrial ecosystems
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 445.2 Water Analysis - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01%, Percentage 5.47e+01%, Percentage 8.23e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20174704434865
Title:Mechanism of front surface recombination velocity of solar cell with potential-induced degradation (PID) effect
Authors:Ma, Xun (1); Li, Ming (1); Liu, Zuming (1); Luo, Xi (1); Wang, Yunfeng (1); Xu, Yongfeng (1); Li, Guoliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming; 650500, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:157-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Potential-induced degradation (PID) is one of the most important and prominent module degradation mechanisms leading to significant yield losses. It was shown that Na decorated stacking faults at the SiN<inf>X</inf>/Si interface region are responsible for the mechanism of increasing non-saturation hanging states density at the front surface. In order to investigate the characteristics of recombination of non-equilibrium minority carriers at the front surface, the paper analyzes the band gap structure and electrical field at surface of solar cells material after PID test, and then deduces the model of front surface recombination velocity by measuring internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of solar cells under short wavelength monochromatic light, which is derived by Poisson equation, and continuity equation and current density equation of semiconductor physics. For the certain sample, the parameters of the materials are known, such as absorbance coefficient, and hole diffusion coefficient, and p-n junction depth, and hole diffusion length, which is modified by electrical field at front surface. And then, the front surface recombination velocity of the samples after PID test is calculated by the IQE model, which is measured by QE (quantum efficiency) equipment. In this paper, the experiment is carried out at the p-type base region with (100) p type CZ monocrystalline silicon, whose impurity density is 1.5×10<sup>16</sup>cm<sup>-3</sup>, minority carrier lifetime is 7.2 µs, and area is 100 mm × 100 mm. The samples are prepared using constant source for the POCl<inf>3</inf>diffusion, which is followed by plating SiN<inf>X</inf>as passivation and anti-reflection film. The last procedure is printing aluminum slurry at the back surface of samples as black electric field, where impurity density is 1×10<sup>20</sup>cm<sup>-3</sup>. At the same time, different diffusion conditions and front surface velocity are simulated by PC1D software, in order to study the influencing mechanism of impurity and velocity at front surface of samples after PID test. And then, the front surface recombination velocity of the samples is calculated and compared with the samples which are PID-free, which shows that the values of surface recombination velocity are more reliable when using wavelengths in range of 310-360 nm than other wavelengths. Additionally, I-V characteristics of the samples before and after PID test are simulated by PC1D. It is obvious that the output characteristics of the sample 1, which has good passivation and low front surface velocity, are degraded most seriously after PID test than others. It is assumed that Na ions drift through the SiNx layer under the influence of a strong electric field and increase the impurity density at front surface, which leads to I-V characteristics degradation. For the sample 2 and the sample 4, which have poor passivation and low impurity density at front surface, electron barrier at front surface region can reduce the impacts from Na ions. Correspondingly, the open circuit voltage of these samples has few effects, however short circuit current of the samples is decreased. The result of the sample 3 shows that PID has little influence on the output electric characteristics of solar cell with higher impurity density at front surface, whether the passivation condition is good or not. In general, the experiments indicate that surface recombination velocity of PID solar cells is higher than that of PID-free, and I-V characteristics of solar cells, which have good passivation conditions and low front surface recombination velocity, are deteriorated, however, PID has few effects on the solar cells with the poor passivation conditions and high front surface recombination velocity.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Solar cells
Controlled terms:Carrier lifetime - Chlorine compounds - Degradation - Diffusion - Efficiency - Electric fields - Energy gap - Interface states - Models - Monocrystalline silicon - Open circuit voltage - Passivation - Poisson equation - Quantum efficiency - Semiconductor junctions - Silicon compounds - Software testing - Stacking faults - Velocity - Wavelength
Uncontrolled terms:Absorbance coefficients - Electric characteristics - Influencing mechanisms - Internal quantum efficiency - IV characteristics - Minority carrier lifetimes - Output characteristics - Surface recombination velocities
Classification code:539.2.1 Protection Methods - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 712.1.1 Single Element Semiconducting Materials - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.2 Calculus - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.4 Quantum Theory; Quantum Mechanics - 932 High Energy Physics; Nuclear Physics; Plasma Physics - 933.1.1 Crystal Lattice
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-01m, Size 3.10e-07m to 3.60e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20174704434863
Title:Study on influencing factor of solar chimney effect in underground space based on photovoltaic-thermal
Authors:Xiang, Bo (1); Yu, Tao (1); Yuan, Yanping (1); Sun, Liangliang (1); Cao, Xiaoling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu; 610031, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Yanping(ypyuan@home.swjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:141-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pollutants are easy to be concentrated in the underground space because of the low terrain and the enclosure space. Therefore, an effective ventilation system is required to create a clean indoor environment. Ventilation fan is widely used in the underground space, but the fan has high energy consumption and is very noisy. Thus, both energy conservation and environmental protection are significantly important for the design of ventilation system, and solar chimney is a feasible method by using solar energy in order to realize these 2 purposes. Due to the special underground space environment, it's impossible to construct a solar chimney as the ground building, which must be combined with other technologies. PV (photovoltaic) technology is a common solar energy utilization technology, but most of solar energy irradiating on PV cells is converted into heat when it is operating, resulting in a rising PV temperature and a dropping photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this project, photovoltaic-thermal technology is used to recover the heat of PV cells to maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency. This paper proposes a system combining the solar chimney effect with the photovoltaic-thermal technology for the purpose of enhancing the natural ventilation in the underground space. On one hand, this system can maintain the PV temperature at a high photoelectric conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the extra heat can be used in the underground space ventilation. Therefore, the ventilation energy consumption is reduced and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is increased. To study the influencing factors of the ventilation system, a mathematical model for evaluating the ventilation performance of the ventilation shaft is established based on the conservation of energy and mass, which is solved by MATLAB software. The influences of heat exchanger tube row, height of ventilation shaft, water temperature and velocity on the ventilation performance are analyzed. Results show that the heat exchanger has a maximum effective tube row in each case, and the tube pitches of 0.032, 0.038 and 0.047 m correspond to the maximum effective tube rows of 9, 13, and 18, respectively. The outlet air temperature increases with the tube row, while the air mass flow rate increases and then decreases with the tube row. The air mass flow rate obviously increases with the height of ventilation shaft and the inlet water temperature, while it slowly increases with the water velocity. The outlet air temperature decreases with the height of ventilation shaft and increases with the water temperature and the water velocity. Finally, an empirical formula for calculating the air mass flow rate is fitted.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Energy efficiency
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric temperature - Chimneys - Conversion efficiency - Energy utilization - Heat exchangers - Heat transfer - Mass transfer - MATLAB - Photoelectricity - Photovoltaic cells - Photovoltaic effects - Solar chimneys - Solar energy - Solar power generation - Temperature - Tubes (components) - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive utilizations - Energy conservation and environmental protections - Inlet water temperatures - Photo-electric conversion efficiency - PV/T - Underground space - Ventilation performance - Ventilation shafts
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 615.2 Solar Power - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 643.5 Ventilation - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.80e-02m, Size 4.70e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20174704434871
Title:Assessment of contamination risk of PAEs in soils and crops of irrigation district located at southeastern suburbs of Beijing
Authors:Li, Yan (1, 2, 3); Liu, Honglu (1, 2); Gu, Hua (1, 2); Huang, Quanzhong (3); Huang, Guanhua (3); Li, Lei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing; 100048, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Honglu(liuhonglu@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:203-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to find out the concentration of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and its pollution characteristics in topsoil and agricultural products in irrigation district at the Southeastern Suburb of Beijing, six kinds of PAEs in 31 topsoil samples and 38 crops samples in the irrigation district were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in 2015. Results showed that the total concentration of six PAE compounds (∑PAEs) in topsoil ranged from 1.8 mg/kg to 12.2 mg/kg, with the average concentration of 5.1 mg/kg. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference for PAEs in soil among the different sewage irrigation history. Concentration of PAEs in topsoil in this study was relatively higher compared to those reported for other places in literature. The content of di-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in top soils contributed 60.4% and 35.9% to total PAEs, respectively. According to soil allowable concentration of phthalic acid esters compounds in USA, the concentration of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and DnBP in all soil samples exceeded the control limits, indicating that the topsoil in this district was contaminated by PAEs, but the concentrations of all PAEs compounds were lower than the cleanup objective. The total concentration of PAEs in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain, summer maize (Zea mays) grain, and edible part of vegetables and fruit were 2.34-3.66 mg/kg, 1.76-3.15 mg/kg, and 2.26-3.76 mg/kg, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed for PAEs in cereals grain among different sewage irrigation history. Concentrations of PAEs in agricultural products in this study were in the middle level compared to the results of other studies. The content of DnBP and DEHP in winter wheat grain contributed 30.5% and 50.3% to the total PAEs, respectively. The content of DnBP and DEHP in summer maize grain contributed 50.2% and 45.1% to the total PAEs, respectively. The content of DnBP and DEHP in vegetable and fruit contributed 31.96%-46.36% and 47.16%-63.3% to the total PAEs, respectively. The concentrations of the total PAEs and each PAE compound in agricultural products were less than the suggested targets in Europe, implying low health risk. The concentrations of PAEs and DnBP in cereal grain showed a significantly (P<0.05) positive correlation with those in soils, with Pearson coefficients (r) of 0.74-0.87 and 0.91-0.92, respectively. The bioaccumulation factors of PAEs in wheat grain, maize grain, and vegetables and fruit were 0.74-0.82, 0.28-0.90, and 0.24-1.65, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of child and adult caused by PAEs were 1.34×10<sup>-5</sup>and 3.87×10<sup>-5</sup>, respectively. The non-carcinogenic hazard index of PAHs for child and adult were 9.44×10<sup>-1</sup>and 3.83×10<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. All of them were lower than the threshold values. Dietary intake is the major route of human exposure, which accounts for 99.81%-99.96% of the total carcinogenic risk and 99.85%-99.95% of the total non-carcinogenic hazard index, respectively. The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic hazard index caused by DEHP in this study were relative higher, which accounted for 99.91%-99.94% of the total carcinogenic risk and 84.15%-84.37% of the total non-carcinogenic hazard index, respectively.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Biochemistry - Crops - Esters - Fertilizers - Fruits - Gas chromatography - Grain (agricultural product) - Hazards - Health risks - Irrigation - Mass spectrometry - Pollution - Risk assessment - Sewage - Soil pollution control - Soils - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Acid ester - Average concentration - Bioaccumulation factor - Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (GC-MS) - Phthalate acid ester (PAEs) - Summer maize - Winter wheat
Classification code:452.1 Sewage - 461.7 Health Care - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.05e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01% to 4.64e+01%, Percentage 4.72e+01% to 6.33e+01%, Percentage 5.02e+01%, Percentage 6.04e+01%, Percentage 8.42e+01% to 8.44e+01%, Percentage 9.98e+01% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.99e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20174704434861
Title:Design and application of spectrum sensor for weed detection used in winter rape field
Authors:Li, Lin (1); Wei, Xinhua (1); Mao, Hanping (1); Wu, Shu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:127-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to lack of weed identification and positioning equipment, farmers usually use large area uniform spraying of chemical herbicides, which not only wastes herbicides and labor, but also leads to ecological environment pollution and agricultural product quality problem. At the same time, the weed control accuracy using existing mechanical weed control method is low with a high crop injury rate. Therefore, accurate weed identification is a key issue in target pesticide application and mechanical weed control. There are three kinds of weed identification method: image-based weed identification method, spectrum-based weed identification method, and spectral-image-based weed identification method. At present, spectrum sensor based on spectrum analysis has been most widely accepted in actual weed control due to its advantages of simple system configuration, lossless and high processing speed. Based on the four characteristic wavelengths (595, 710, 755 and 950 nm) selected by the investigation of weeds in the winter rape field, in this paper, we presented our research on weed spectrum sensor. According to the principle of optical system and the actual operation requirements in field, the structure design scheme of the spectrum sensor was proposed, which consisted of five parts, active light source, convex lens, light filter, photocell, and signal conditioning device. As the field measurement results vulnerable to weather conditions, we used LED as an active light source. There were four optical channels (595, 710, 755 and 950 nm) and three active LED light sources in the spectrum sensor. A K9 lenticular lens with diameter of 16 mm and focal length of 16 mm was chosen. A narrow-band interference filter with a center wavelength of 595, 710, 755, 950 nm was applied, whose half-peak bandwidth is 10 nm and aperture is 16 mm. The size of the photocell is 2.65 mm × 2.65 mm. The convex lens, the light filter and the photocell were sequentially arranged in the optical channels in order to detect the spectral information. Signal processing circuits were developed to meet the reliable output signal amplification, filtering and other requirements without distortion. The spectral distance of the spectral sensor is 400-700 mm while the diameter of the field of view is 60-100 mm. After that, the spectral sensor was applied to do calibration test and experimental verification. The calibration test established four mathematical models between the four output results by intelligent spectral sensor and the four measuring results of FieldSpec®3 spectrometer. The determination coefficients of each model were 0.799, 0.812, 0.892, and 0.867. The results of the experimental verification showed that most of the relative errors were within 10%, indicating that the designed sensor could separate winter rape from weeds. Therefore, the spectrum sensor could make its contribution to the exploration of weed automatic identification equipment. Experiments on actual weed identification showed that the average recognition rate was 90.7%, which had a good weed recognition effect. The main factors affecting the recognition results were the nature light and the mechanism vibration. How to reduce the influence of interference factors on the recognition precision will be the focus of the next research.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Weed control
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Automation - Calibration - Chemical equipment - Design - Experiments - Herbicides - Lenses - Light - Light emitting diodes - Light sources - Optical systems - Photoelectric cells - Photoresistors - Quality control - Sensors - Signal processing - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Strain measurement - Wave interference
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic identification - Determination coefficients - Ecological environments - Experimental verification - Narrowband interference filters - Pesticide applications - Signal conditioning devices - Signal processing circuits
Classification code:714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 9.07e+01%, Size 1.00e-08m, Size 1.60e-02m, Size 2.65e-03m, Size 4.00e-01m to 7.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Size 7.55e-07m, Size 9.50e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20174704434858
Title:Soil quality assessment under different ecological restoration measures in typical steppe in loess hilly area in Ningxia
Authors:Zhou, Yao (1); Ma, Hongbin (1, 2); Jia, Xiyang (1); Zhang, Rui (1); Su, Tingting (1); Zhou, Jingjing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Hongbin(ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:102-110
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, the experiment area is dry and prone to soil erosion, in order to stop slope runoff and promote rapid vegetation restoration, a restoration program was implemented. So it is significant for grassland ecological construction to study on the effects of ecological restoration measures on soil properties and soil quality. A study had been done to investigate the different of 0-40 cm soil depth of soil properties and assessment of soil quality under different restoration measures in typical steppe grassland in Ningxia. We selected the sites that has been subject to enclosure(FY), contour trench(SP), fish-scale pits(YL), which were implement in 2001 and grazed(FM) (as a reference, traditional grazing with some supplement) grassland. The results showed that: 1) Soil bulk density of grazing grassland was the highest (P <0.05) whereas the soil clay content, field water holding capacity and total porosity were the lowest (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in soil physical properties between enclosure, contour trench, and fish-scale pits grassland. 2) Soil organic matter and total nitrogen were the highest (P < 0.05) in enclosure grassland, followed by grazed grassland, and the lowest in contour trench. The content of total phosphorus was higher (P=0.05) in grazed and enclosure grassland, but was the lowest (P < 0.05) in contour trench grassland. The available K content was the highest in grazed grassland the lowest in fish-scale pits grassland (P<0.05). The content of available N was highest in enclosure grassland but lowest in contour trench grassland which were 161.75 mg/kg and 77.17 mg/kg respectively (P<0.05). 3) Soil sucrase and urease activity showed FY>SP>YL>FM; protease and phosphatase activity both showed the highest (P <0.05) in enclosure grassland and the lowest (P <0.05) in the fish-scale pits grassland; the bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were varied in each treatment; the amount of microorganisms showed FY>FM≈SP>YL whereas microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen showed FY>YL≈SP>FM (P<0.05). 4). As a whole, soil bulk density was negatively correlated with other indexes, and negatively correlated with clay content, field water holding capacity, total porosity, sucrase activity, urease activity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen (P<0.01) and the correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil microbial population (P<0.05). Soil capillary porosity (except soil microbial biomass nitrogen) and available potassium were not correlated with other indexes (P>0.05). 5) The comprehensive score of soil quality evaluated by the membership function factor analysis method was: enclosure> grazed> contour trench>fish-scale pits grassland. In summary, the enclosure grassland was more conducive to the restoration of typical grassland. Based on the study of the effects of enclosure, contour trench and fish-scale pits on the soil physical and chemical properties and biological traits, the membership quality of soil under different restoration measures was evaluated by membership function and factor analysis and can provide the basis for the ecological construction of typical grassland in Ningxia. The results showed that the enclosure was the most beneficial to the restoration of soil quality in degraded grassland in the study area.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Biomass - Chemical analysis - Ecology - Enclosures - Enzyme activity - Factor analysis - Fish - Forestry - Frequency modulation - Image reconstruction - Membership functions - Multivariant analysis - Nitrogen - Organic compounds - Porosity - Quality control - Restoration
Uncontrolled terms:Fish scale - Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen - Soil microbial biomass nitrogens - Soil microbial population - Soil physical and chemical properties - Soil property - Soil quality - Typical steppe
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20174704434853
Title:Optimized design of pressure-circulating preparation device of lime sulfur
Authors:Dong, Hongqiang (1); Li, Ping (2); Chen, Beibei (1); Li, Zhenyuan (1); Xie, Pan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Plant Science of Tarim University, Alaer; 843300, China; (2) Engineering College of Mechanical and Electrical, Tarim University, Alaer; 843300, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ping(lpdyy716@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:66-71
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lime sulfur is a familiar cleaning agent for the prevention and management of diseases and pests in orchards and gardens. Since it is widely applicable for many plant diseases and is not susceptible to resistance, it is a kind of pollution-free pesticide and is suitable for green agricultural production. Lime sulfur is easy to be degraded when it is exposed to the air, which causes it to be not feasible for storage. In the actual production process, the fruit farmers often use iron pot to prepare lime sulfur by boiling calcium hydroxide and sulfur together due to the raw materials being easy to find, and the price being cheap, too. There are many problems using the traditional method to prepare lime sulfur, such as the difficulty of quality control, too long stewing time, the release of hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases in the environment. To solve these problems, a new stewing device with a reflux condenser installing on the sterilization pot was designed, which consists of pot shell, cover, condensing unit, stirring unit, pressure valve, safety valve and the temperature gauge. The overall structure and the working principle of the reflux condenser were analyzed through the thermodynamics analysis of the condensation/reflowing process of the condensing unit to confirm the parameters of key components. The orthogonal experiment was applied to systematically optimize the influencing factors including mass ratio of raw materials, the pressure, the stewing time and the stirring speed. The results showed that when the length and the diameter of reflux condenser were 0.87 m and 14 mm, respectively, the reflux condensation could make the reaction gas condensed and refluxed and could be applied in the new stewing pot. While the orthogonal experiment was applied to acquire the lime sulfur agent on the new circulative stewing pot, the amount of the generated lime sulfur increased at first and then decreased gradually with the increase of the sulfur content in raw materials. It shows that the stewing pot has higher requirements for selecting raw materials. The content of limes sulfur became high as the heating pressure reached 0.12 MPa, due to that sulfur was converted to liquid state to accelerate the reaction. The stirring velocity would accelerate the reaction to obtain high content of lime sulfur, but the long stewing time would decrease Baume degree in a low level, so overreaction was not beneficial to the lime sulfur. The concentration of lime sulfur could be up to 28.8°Bé, under the mass ratio of calcium oxide, sulfur powder and water reaching 1:1.8:9, the working pressure of 0.12 MPa, the mixing speed of 240 r/min and the stewing time of 30 min. Compared with the traditional pot preparing lime sulfur mixture, the new device could shorten stewing time from 50 to 30 min with reducing the water supply operation and exhaust emissions. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for quickly, safely and efficiently stewing the lime sulfur.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Sulfur
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Calcium - Condensation - Condensation reactions - Design - Lime - Quality control - Sulfur compounds - Thermodynamics - Valves (mechanical) - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Circulative - Orthogonal experiment - Reflux condensation - Stewing pot - Technical guidances - Thermodynamics analysis - Water supply operations
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 601.2 Machine Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.20e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 2.40e+02RPM, Size 1.40e-02m, Size 8.70e-01m, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 3.00e+03s to 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20174704434857
Title:Effects of potassium-solubilizing bacteria C<inf>6</inf>X on potassium migration in soils with different content of potassium-rich minerals
Authors:Shang, Haili (1, 2); Bi, Yinli (1); Peng, Suping (1); Xie, Wenwu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Resource and Safety Mining, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Institute of Mines Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou; 014010, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Yinli(ylbi88@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:95-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There is the severe agricultural environmental problem of cultivated soil potassium leaching caused by soil erosion in Loess Plateau, where the soil quality is rapidly degenerating caused by coal mining for a long time. It is necessary to rationally develop and utilize soil potassium in Loess Plateau for ecological restoration in the mining area of northwest China. In order to understand the effect of potassium-solubilizing bacteria C<inf>6</inf>X on soil potassium migration under the conditions of maize (zea mays) planted in the mining area of northwest China, this study was performed by short-term pot cultures in helio-greenhouse with or without maize planting in artificial soils with different contents of potassium-rich minerals which simulated the soils in the studied area. The artificial soil was composed of quartz and two kinds of potassium-rich minerals, including feldspar and hydrous mica which are common minerals in the soil of northwest mining area in China. The artificial soils used in the experiment were treated with six levels of potassium-rich minerals, which were 18%, 25%, 38%, 45%, 68% and 75% by mass fractions of total potassium-rich minerals in soils. Each level of potassium-rich minerals treated with inoculation with active C<inf>6</inf>X or sterilized C<inf>6</inf>X. The C<inf>6</inf>X is the tested strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense which was isolated from the garden soil in Beijing suburbs by microbial reclamation laboratory in China University of Mining and Technology. Also, nylon mesh (30 μm, dia.) was laid at 20 cm depth below the soil surface to block the downward growth of the root system of maize. We investigated to the relationship among the potassium-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-rich minerals ratios in soils and the growth of maize, and the synergistic effect of them on the soil potassium migration, which included the increment of available potassium in topsoil and subsoil, the increment of slowly available potassium in topsoil and subsoil, and the upward migratory available potassium. Also, linear regression analysis was used for data analysis which involving potassium accumulation in maize and upward migratory available potassium in soils with active C<inf>6</inf>X or sterilized C<inf>6</inf>X. The results showed that: 1) With maize planting, potassium-solubilizing bacteria increased available potassium in the soil with 45% potassium-rich mineral mass fraction. Without maize planting, potassium-solubilizing bacteria significantly (P<0.05) increased soil available potassium in the soil with 18% or 25% of the mass fraction of potassium-rich minerals. 2) Potassium-solubilizing bacteria and maize growth synergistically increased potassium fixation capacity in topsoil due to more potassium released from minerals and used by maize. Soil slowly available potassium increment was the maximum value in the soil with 68% mass fraction of potassium-rich minerals. Without maize planting, potassium-solubilizing bacteria significantly (P<0.05) improved soil slowly available potassium in the soil with 45% mass fraction of potassium-rich minerals. 3) Potassium-solubilizing bacteria and maize growth synergistically promoted ability of potassium translocation in soil. The upward migratory available potassium was to the maximum value in the soil with potassium-rich mineral mass fraction of 45%. Also, potassium-solubilizing bacteria promoted a linear relation between upward migratory available potassium in soil and potassium accumulation in maize, which has implication for the long-term management of soil potassium. In addition, the factor of potassium-rich mineral content in soils had no directly effect on soil potassium migration, but it could affect the metabolism of potassium bacteria at various degree, through which it finally could affect the soil potassium migration. To generalize, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and maize growth synergistically promoted soil potassium migration, and this is of great significance for the rational use of potassium-solubilizing bacteria to repair the ecological environment of the coal mining subsidence area in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Potassium
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Clay minerals - Coal mines - Cutting machines (mining) - Ecology - Grain (agricultural product) - Greenhouse effect - Landforms - Mica - Minerals - Regression analysis - Sediments - Silicate minerals - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Available potassiums - Coal mining subsidences - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Environmental problems - Long-term management - Potassium migration - Synergistic effect
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 482.2 Minerals - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1 Coal Mines - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 6.80e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20174704434845
Title:Investigation and development analysis of planting-breeding circulating agriculture ecosystem system in northern plains in China
Authors:Zhao, Lixin (1, 3); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Zhang, Xi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Recycle agriculture is an efficient utilization and resource-saving mode of agriculture, and an inevitable choice for modern agriculture to step out of developmental dilemma. It has been the effective way to realize sustainable utilization of agricultural resources and cleaner agricultural production. China has already had a history of circular agriculture, and in recent years, circular agriculture and resource utilization of agricultural residues are getting more and more attentions. Based on regional natural conditions, industry types, resources endowment, and so on, various models of planting-breeding circulating agriculture ecosystems are formed in China. Due to the production strength and high intensive degree of farming and breeding in northern plains (containing northeast, northwest and Huang-Huai-Hai region), planting and breeding produce a large amount of waste, and long-term separation of planting and breeding industry causes the inefficient resources use, which has brought serious regional environmental hazards. Development of the planting-breeding circulating agriculture is very necessary and urgent. There was lack of systematic research on the models of planting-breeding circulating agriculture in northern plains, and the summarization of problems is needed. In this article, the resource utilization engineering for agricultural residues containing biogas engineering, organic fertilizer plant, and feed mill from 121 counties with large-scale planting-breeding industry in northern plains, was systematically investigated and analyzed through investigation and literature analysis. Among the 121 counties, there are 32 in northeast area, 19 in northwest area and 70 in Huang-Huai-Hai region. The research contents mainly include the production and utilization status, and the ways of use for straw, and livestock and poultry manure, other planting and breeding industries, and so on. The results showed that based on the resource utilization for agricultural residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, straw, and vegetable wastes), there are biogas engineering-linked, aerobic composting-linked, and straw resource utilization-linked planting-breeding circulating agriculture ecosystems which have been developed in northern plains in China. In the biogas engineering-linked system, cultivation of crops, production of livestock and poultry, fermentation of microorganisms and construction of rural areas, are rationally combined with biogas projects as a link, and it includes large scale biological gas engineering and biogas engineering-linked, and middle and small size and household biogas-linked circulating agriculture ecosystems. In the aerobic composting-linked agriculture ecosystems, high temperature aerobic composting is a link to deal with agricultural wastes such as crop straw and livestock manure, and some companies use this method to produce commercial organic fertilizer. In the northern plain of China, straw resources are abundant, and the resource utilization of straw is combined with other agricultural production methods to form straw utilization-linked recycling agricultural models, such as feed utilization and utilization of crop straw in soilless culture. Combined with the actual agricultural production in China, the in-depth analysis on the deficiencies and problems of existing planting-breeding circulating agriculture ecosystems was also conducted. The balance of planting and breeding, the mode selection and the key technology should be researched and improved in planting-breeding circulating agriculture ecosystems, to guide the development of planting-breeding circulating agriculture in northern plains and even in China.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Composting - Crops - Ecology - Ecosystems - Fertilizers - Gas engineering - Manures - Recycling - Straw - Waste treatment - Waste utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural resources - Agriculture ecosystems - Environmental hazards - Northern plain area - Organic fertilizers - Resource utilizations - Sustainable utilization
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 522 Gas Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20174704434846
Title:Design on automatic unloading mechanism for teeth type residue plastic film collector
Authors:Shi, Lili (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Gu, Fengwei (1); Wu, Feng (1); Chen, Youqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:11-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the increasing use of the agricultural plastic film, the pollution it brings is also becoming more and more serious. Therefore, design and experiment on plastic film collector of ridged peanut mean great significance to us, of course, facing huge problems. Mechanical recycling plastic film can overcome shortcomings of the great labor intensity and low efficiency using artificial picking up. However the existing plastic film recycling equipments are generally designed based on experiences and have no precise theoretical researches for components, and there are some issues including unreliable picking up performance and unloading mechanism and serious wear of working parts. This paper focuses on the lack of effective automatic removing mechanism for teeth type residue plastic film collector, and according to this situation, automatic removing and smooth returning mechanism for teeth type residue plastic film collector have been designed. Teeth type residue plastic film collector with self-motion unloading mechanism consists of frame, hydraulic shaft fixture, hydraulic fixing bracket, rake, self-motion unloading square tube, hydraulic device, and self-motion unloading scraper. The stability, reliability, and returning smoothness of the motion of the parallel 4-rod linkage mechanism are analyzed. We design a variety of different forms of squeegees to test, and at last find the best form of inverted "Chinese character" squeegee. The key part of the mechanism is focused and the stress analysis is performed. Teeth are persistently distorted when they are working. We design 3 types of squeegees including "Chinese character" squeegee, U-shaped squeegee, and inverted "Chinese character" squeegee, and at last we find the inverted "Chinese character" squeegee can ensure that teeth are put back in origin place, so it can achieve the best results. The design and innovation of the hydraulic system are also important. We choose single-rod hydraulic cyclinder of 45<sup>#</sup>steel, the size of hydraulic cyclinder diameter is 40 mm, and the size of piston rod diameter is 25 mm. We use the stress analysis on squeegee, and the movement analysis on planar linkage, and find the movement track of the squeegee at last. Based on this, the objective function and constraints are determined, and the major influencing factors of teeth type residue plastic film collector with self-motion unloading mechanism are the space between teeth and squeegee, squeegee angle, and automatic removing mechanism angle. We do experiment in Jiaozhou, Qingdao, China, the previous crop is peanut, and moisture content of soil is 16%. The experiment and response surface analysis are done for the space between teeth and squeegee, squeegee angle, and automatic removing mechanism angle. The data are then processed, and the parameters are optimized by the response surface method with Design Expert. The response surface analysis of the model shows that the effect of the 3 factors on the primary film removal rate is significant. The order of influencing factors is: The space between teeth and squeegee > squeegee angle > automatic removing mechanism angle. The machine is optimized by the function of optimization of Design Expert, the space between teeth and squeegee is 2 mm, the squeegee angle is 70°, and the automatic removing mechanism angle is 60°. Through the field test, which shows the feasibility of the optimization scheme and will provide theoretical basis for the optimization of related machines. The teeth type residue plastic film collector of ridged peanut has a good film removal effect, which meets the design requirements of plastic recyling machine.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Plastic recycling
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Curricula - Design - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Machinery - Mechanization - Motion analysis - Oilseeds - Optimization - Plastic films - Recycling - Stress analysis - Surface analysis - Surface properties - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural plastic films - Design and innovations - Mechanical recycling - Residue plastic film collector - Response surface analysis - Response surface method - Theoretical research - Unloading mechanism
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.2 Education - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+01%, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20174704434862
Title:An adaptive threshold corner detection algorithm based on auto-correlation matrix of image pixel
Authors:Deng, Xiaolian (1); Du, Yuqi (1); Wang, Changyao (2); Wang, Xiaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang; 443002, China; (2) Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:134-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Harris algorithm is a classical corner detection algorithm. It can extract corners of image quickly and has a certain degree of anti-noise ability, but it has corner location error to some extent. It needs to artificially set 2 threshold parameters, and it can not easily eliminate false corners such as edge points, so it has somewhat lower accuracy of corner detection. For above-mentioned reasons, a modified Harris corner detection algorithm based on auto-correlation matrix of image pixel was proposed in this paper, and the purpose was not only to solve the problem of the variability and randomness of setting thresholds for corner response function (CRF) and non-maximum suppression in Harris algorithm, but also to improve the accuracy of corner location. In our paper, the most important innovation is embodied in 2 aspects: One is avoiding to set 2 thresholds of traditional Harris corner detection algorithm artificially, the other is locating corner more accurately by modified non-maximum suppression method. Firstly, original image was filtered by directional filtering and Gaussian low-pass filtering, and feature corner image was constructed by calculating determinant of every pixel's auto-correlation matrix. Potential corners of image could be heightened effectively, which had more significant intensity than other surrounding pixels, and could be recognized easily in feature corner image. Secondly, in order to improve intelligent level of the modified algorithm, we selected adaptive OTSU algorithm to determine segmentation threshold. The segmentation threshold of feature corner image could be calculated by OTSU algorithm, and the pre-selected regions were obtained. So the search range of corner detection was significantly decreased. On the basis, an optimized non-maximum suppression method was adopted in our research, which could divide each pre-selected region into several 3×3 square subranges, and correct corners were extracted from potential corners of each square subrange, false corners were eliminated effectively. Finally, in order to validate the efficiency and reliability of the modified algorithm, 5 groups of comparison experiments were performed in our research. Five images, including generic image format (jpg, bmp), and multi-band remote sensing image format (GF-2 data), were selected to test performance of the modified algorithm and Harris algorithm, which contained the total of detection corners, the number of correct corners, the number of false corners, the number of omissive corners, and the detection rate of correct corners. According 5 groups of comparison experiments, the accuracy of corner detection in different types of images is improved, for crop vegetation remote sensing image, the accuracy of corner detection is improved by 27.06 percentage points. We can draw a conclusion that the improved algorithm can not only calculate the optimal threshold automatically, but also locate the corners more accurately. Therefore, our modified algorithm can greatly improve the precision of corner detection. The proposed algorithm is more accurate and efficient than traditional algorithm, its adaptive characteristic makes it easy to be integrated in an image processing system or image registration module, and it has higher feasibility and application value. Experiments also show that there is some insufficiency to be improved in our research, for example, some corners in picture of cubes could not be detected correctly with either our modified algorithm or Harris algorithm. In our future research, we propose to partition an image into several sub-image blocks, and independently determine each sub-image block's segmentation threshold by OTSU algorithm, so that the corners not prominent in full image can be significantly strengthened in sub-image blocks, and can be detected correctly. The research could provide reference for agricultural remote sensing image data detection.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Edge detection
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image registration - Image segmentation - Location - Low pass filters - Matrix algebra - Pixels - Random processes - Remote sensing - Signal detection
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural remote sensing - Corner detection - Efficiency and reliability - Feature corner image - Modified harris corner detections - Multi-band remote sensing images - Non-maximum suppression - Vegetation remote sensing
Classification code:703.2 Electric Filters - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 921.1 Algebra - 922.1 Probability Theory
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20174704434878
Title:Influence factors on price of farmland transfer organized by farmers in main grain-producing region of northeast China
Authors:Lin, Tong (1); Song, Ge (1); Qiao, Yuanbo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang; 110169, China; (2) Institute for Studies in County Development, Shandong University, Qingdao; 266200, China
Corresponding author:Song, Ge(songgelaoshi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:260-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Farmland transfer can help to realize the moderate scale operation of China's agriculture, and it is also an important way to liberate surplus labor force in rural areas and to accelerate the process of urbanization. Under the guidance of recent policies, the scale of China's contracted rural land management rights has continued to expand in these years, the number of farmers involved has kept increasing, and spontaneous land transfer among farmers is in dominant position. However, there are still a lot of problems. The regional land transfer is still lack of scientific and reasonable price standards, resulting in unreasonable transfer prices, impeding further development of land transfer, and doing harm to the interests of farmers. The study of influencing factors of farmland transfer price can provide scientific basis for determining the reasonable transfer price. This paper took Heilongjiang Province, a main grain producing area in China's northeastern part, as an example, filtered 1 000 micro-survey questionnaires of survey sites from 14 villages in the year of 2014, and then chose 142 effective questionnaires. Using the correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis method, the influencing factors of transfer price and the direction of each factor were studied. These survey sites covered all main geographic and economic regions across Heilongjiang Province and the representativeness of the sample could thus be fully guaranteed. The main 3 factors, cultivated land characteristics, regional characteristics and household characteristics, were selected in 13 indices to analyze their impact on the transfer price. The results indicated that the grain yield of cultivated land had a significant positive effect on the transfer price, and it was the most important influencing factor of the transfer price. The degree of fragmentation of cultivated land did not significantly affect land transfer prices. In addition, the conclusion was also included that the degree of rural economic development, county traffic accessibility, the age of householders also had a significant positive impact on transfer price, while the county per capita GDP (gross domestic product) and the distance from the city center had a significant negative impact. During the research, if all sample farmers are considered as an entire part, the specific features of some farmers will be ignored. So, farmers were divided into 2 groups, the price of one group was higher than the average price, and the price of the other was lower than the average price. Two groups of samples were analyzed by multiple regression analysis and compared with the whole sample; the effects of traffic accessibility and the distance from the city center on the group with the price higher than the average price were consistent with the whole sample, while that on the group with the price lower than the average price were opposite to the whole sample. Therefore, information of cultivated land should be clarified, and regional economy and traffic should be developed, in order to create better conditions for establishing scientific reasonable transfer price and perfecting the farmland transfer market.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Costs
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Economic and social effects - Economics - Farms - Grain (agricultural product) - Land use - Regional planning - Regression analysis - Rural areas - Surveys - Transportation
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Economic development - Farmland transfer organized by farmers - Gross domestic products - Multiple regression analysis - Region of northeast chinas - Regional characteristics - Traffic accessibilities
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20174704434879
Title:Analysis on dynamic change of ecological security pattern of land in cold mountainous region under background of Grain for Green Project
Authors:Hou, Dawei (1); Liu, Yan (1); Sun, Hua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Hua(hsun@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:267-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Over the last few decades, humanity has been facing increasingly serious environmental challenges at local and global scales due to industrial revolution and population growth. Moreover, the consumption of forest and the degeneration of grassland and arable land have engendered a frequent alteration in land cover that often leads to a decreased stability of ecosystems. Land has been considered as the foundation of human life, so paying attention to ensure the ecological security of land resources is essential to realize sustainable development of social activities. Land ecological security, which is restricted by natural and human factors, is driven by land use and cover change, and it can be mainly characterized by the appearance of landscape and material cycle, which are essential to regional ecological security. Hence, the Chinese government launched "the Grain for Green Project" in 1999, which aimed at curbing water loss and soil erosion to improve ecological conditions by converting cultivated land with a slope greater than 25° to forest or grassland. Up to now, the Grain for Green Project is an ecological restoration engineering which has the largest investment and the strongest policy all over the world. As a consequence, methods of the land eco-security during the Grain for Green Project in China have gradually become the focus of research by international scholars in recent years. Many scholars attempt to make some breakthrough from the quantity and structure of land resources, and have taken some empirical studies in the region where the ecological environment is typical and fragile. Most of these studies belong to the static research which is combined with LUCC (land use/cover change) and focus on the current environment, and it rarely reflects the dynamic change patterns of land eco-security for the study area. However, the concept of ecological security emphasizes the sustainability of ecosystems, focusing on reducing the probability of ecological disaster with social development. So the land eco-security will be the focus in ecosystem evolution process due to the systemic complexity. The study of pattern changes in the land ecological level caused by the project has an important theoretical significance and practical value for speeding up regional vegetation restoration, reducing the intensity of soil erosion and achieving a sustainable social and economic development. This paper, by using remote sensing and GIS (geographic information system) technologies, analyzes the characteristics of changes in land use from 2000 to 2014. Based on the DPSIR framework, it also reveals the ecological security level and pattern changes of land during the implementation of the project. The results show that: 1) The implementation of the project has significantly influenced the structure of land use in the study area with an increase of forest area by 1 520.16 km<sup>2</sup>and a reduction of grassland and arable land respectively by 878.50 and 517.14 km<sup>2</sup>. The intensity of land use increases after a fall in the first place. 2) While controlling land reclamation and increasing the forest area, the project can remarkably improve the ecological level of regional land. Between 2000 and 2014, the safe, relatively safe and moderately safe areas in different slope levels have increased altogether by 1 088.6 km<sup>2</sup>. It can see an improvement and then a degradation in the ecological security of land in the study area, but it is still an improvement compared with that in 2000 when the project was not implemented. The ecological levels of land in the east, west and southwest of the areas have increased significantly, but in the middle basin of Mudanjiang River, the improvement is slow. It is recommended that during further implementation of the project, that area should be treated as one area which requires particular regulation and renovation.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Ecosystems - Electric power system interconnection - Erosion - Forestry - Land use - Natural resources - Population statistics - Remote sensing - Restoration - Sustainable development - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Eco securities - Ecological environments - Environmental challenges - Grain for green projects - Industrial revolutions - Land use and cover change - Remote sensing and GIS - Social and economic development
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 5.17e+08m2, Area 5.20e+08m2, Area 8.78e+08m2, Area 8.86e+07m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20174704434860
Title:Mechanism analysis of chloride-resistant erosion of aeolian sand concrete under wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation
Authors:Xue, Huijun (1); Shen, Xiangdong (1); Wang, Renyuan (1); Liu, Qian (1); Liu, Zheng (1); Han, Chao (1); Yuan, Qi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Xiangdong(ndsxd@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:118-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the concrete in the special environment of salt lake and saline soil in wind erosion area, the aeolian sand concrete satisfying the service requirement in the special environment is formulated. The aeolian sand concrete with the aeolian sand substitution rate of 40% was selected as the research object. Based on the method of indoor acceleration simulation, the chloride-resistant erosion of aeolian sand concrete under the condition of wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation was studied. The self-made concrete wind-sand erosion testing machine was used to simulate the actual dust storm environment in the northwest of China, in which wind speed was 31 m/s, sand carrying capacity was 30 g/min, attack angle was 90° and erosion time was 10 min, and the wind-sand erosion test of concrete was carried out. Using the dry-wet circulation testing machine to test chloride dry-wet cycles, NaCl solution with a concentration of 3% was selected as an attack medium; a dry-wet cycle is 24 h, which contains the chloride soaking for 15 h, drainage and air drying for 1 h, high-temperature drying for 6 h, and room temperature cooling for 2 h. Experimental design includes 2 different working conditions: Condition I, aeolian sand concrete chloride-resistant corrosion test under dry-wet circulation; Condition II, aeolian sand concrete chloride-resistant corrosion test under the coupling effect of wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation. The mass loss rate, the relative dynamic elastic modulus and the maximum depth of chloride ion erosion were taken as the test indicators. The damage process of concrete surface was measured by the super-depth 3D (three-dimensional) microscope, the concrete composition was analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the concrete pore size change was calculated by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The durability mechanism of aeolian sand concrete's chloride resistance under the coupling effect of wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation was discussed. Results showed that under wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation coupling, aeolian sand concrete's surface slurry exfoliation was intensified. Wind-sand erosion exerted greater impact on the concrete mass loss rate, but little effect on the relative dynamic elastic modulus change. Wind-sand erosion accelerated the emergence of "inflection point" of the total loss rate of concrete; wind-sand erosion caused the damage on the concrete internal structure which accounted for about 8.77% of the total damage, while the damage of concrete internal structure caused by the wet and dry cycle in the condition of chlorine salt solution accounted for about 91.23%. The concrete surface damage can provide "channel" for the intrusion of chloride ion, which increases the depth of chloride ion erosion under the coupling of wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation. The maximum erosion depth under the coupling of wind-sand erosion and dry-wet circulation was 1.4-1.6 times that under pure dry-wet circulation. The Friedel's salt as the representative of a variety of corrosive crystals was formed after chloride salt erosion in aeolian sand concrete, and the corrosive crystals could fill the 1-4 nm gel pores to reduce the cement stone gel pores, consume Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf>and other components, and force 4-10 nm small capillary pores increased; with the intensification of salt corrosion, 10-20 nm middle capillary pores and 20-100 nm large capillary pores developed toward >100 nm non-capillary pores, and non-capillary pores were connected with each other to form microcracks, which ultimately led to the acceleration of the damage to concrete.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Sand
Controlled terms:Atmospheric corrosion - Calcium compounds - Chlorine compounds - Concrete testing - Concretes - Corrosion - Couplings - Dynamics - Elastic moduli - Erosion - Ions - Materials testing apparatus - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Pore size - Sodium compounds - Storms - Wind - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Aeolian sand - Chloride resistance - Concrete composition - Dry-wet circulation - High temperature drying - Internal structure - Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques - Service requirements
Classification code:412 Concrete - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 5.00e-04kg/s, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 8.77e+00%, Percentage 9.12e+01%, Size 1.00e-08m to 2.00e-08m, Size 1.00e-09m to 4.00e-09m, Size 2.00e-08m to 1.00e-07m, Size 4.00e-09m to 1.00e-08m, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s, Time 5.40e+04s, Time 6.00e+02s, Time 7.20e+03s, Time 8.64e+04s, Velocity 3.10e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20174704434869
Title:Effects of nutrient solution on growth and quality of short-term cultivation tomatoes grown in rockwool
Authors:He, Shihang (1); He, Di (1); Xu, Chunlin (1); Zhao, Lijun (1); Quan, Longzhe (1); Chen, Ya (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:He, Di(mhedi4826@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to achieve high efficiency and standardized management of the nutrient supplement, tomatoes of short-term cultivation (Solanum lycopersicom L.; Brilliance 101) were grown in the greenhouse to explore a kind of nutrient solution irrigation condition to guarantee both yields and fruit quality. In this study, tomato plants were grown in an open rockwool system and the plants were irrigated with Yamazaki recipes nutrient solution to determine the responses of plant morphology, fruit weight and fruit quality to 2 factors including electrical conductivity (EC) and irrigation rates of nutrient solution from March to June. A suitable combination of EC and irrigation rates of nutrient solution was further obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method. The experiments were designed with 3 EC levels (E<inf>1</inf>, E<inf>2</inf>and E<inf>3</inf>represented the EC of nutrient solution at 2, 4 and 6 dS/m, respectively) and 3 irrigation rate levels (R<inf>1</inf>, R<inf>2</inf>and R<inf>3</inf>represented the irrigation rates of nutrient solution at one time/d, 3 times/d and 5 times/d, respectively). The regulation of EC values of each treatment level was realized by diluting the mother liquor of the major elements with different proportions while the amount of microelements was remained. Because of the difference of the plant growth and the weather, average daily irrigation volume for each plant was controlled within 0.8-1.3 L, which was divided into several equal parts according to the irrigation rates. And the nutrient solution was applied at the following times: R<inf>1</inf>at 12: 00, R<inf>2</inf>at 8: 00, 10: 00 and 12: 00, R<inf>3</inf>at 8: 00, 10: 00, 12: 00, 14: 00 and 16: 00. The plants were pinched to 3 trusses and single pole trained. Results showed that EC values of the nutrient solution and irrigation rates affected plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, leaf shape index, ratio of root area of tomato plants to bottom surface area of rockwool, average fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit shape index of the fruits. EC value of the nutrient solution had a significant effect on the average fruit quality (P<0.05); EC value of the nutrient solution and irrigation rates had an extremely significant influence on both leaf area and average fruit quality (P<0.01); interaction of the experimental factors had an extremely significant effect on stem diameter and shape index (P<0.01); and the interaction significantly influenced SSC (P<0.05). In terms of the greenhouse tomatoes of short-term cultivation grown in rockwool, the combination of 4 dS/m EC and 5 times/d irrigation rate was obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method, which could ensure the production and the fruit quality well. Based on the optimal irrigation condition, leaf area was significantly positively correlated with average fruit weight (P<0.05); SSC was extremely significantly negatively correlated with average fruit quality (P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with fruit shape index (P<0.05). It could be concluded that tomato plants with larger leaf area tended to generate heavier fruits which approximated to ellipsoid type with lower SSC, while smaller fruits tended to be spherical, with better quality. This study provides a guidance basis for practical scientific management of nutrient solution in short-term cultivation of greenhouse tomato grown in rockwool.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Electric conductivity - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Nutrients - Plants (botany) - Quality control - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Different proportions - Electrical conductivity - Rockwool - Scientific management - Short term - Soluble solids content - Tomato
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Volume 8.00e-04m3 to 1.30e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20174704434873
Title:Assessment on Zea diploperennis L. as bio-indicator of CO<inf>2</inf>leakage from geological storage
Authors:Ma, Xin (1); Zhang, Xueyan (2, 3); Tian, Di (4); He, Xiaojia (5); Han, Yaojie (1); Ji, Xiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (3) Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (4) College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing; 100871, China; (5) The Administrative Center for China's Agenda of 21st Century, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xueyan(xyzhang@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:224-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects can sequester anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) in deep geological formations and avoid emissions into the atmosphere while supporting coal use. Thus, the technology is an attractive way of controlling greenhouse gases in the countries whose economies heavily depend on coal energy, such as China, whose goal is to reach an emissions cap by 2030. Currently, more than 12 CCS demonstration projects are in development in China. The global first full-ranged demonstration project, Shenhua Ordos CCS project, which has captured CO<inf>2</inf>from the first worldwide large-scale direct coal-to-liquid plant and injected cumulatively 300 000 t CO<inf>2</inf>into the saline aquifer from 2010 to 2015, has developed long-term monitoring and early warning work flow, and the ground and above-ground monitoring schemes were designed for Shenhua CO<inf>2</inf>project and have been proved to be safe so far. However, leakage of stored CO<inf>2</inf>, through gas permeable channels/faults in the caprock or failure of injection wells, has a significant adverse effect on plant growth and development. Thus, the risks of leakage and its subsequent effects on land degradation must be carefully evaluated. The most visible impact of CCS leakage is the degradation of plant cover. It is urged to select suitable bio-indicator for leakage of stored CO<inf>2</inf>. However, there is little knowledge about this. A carefully designed field experiment of CO<inf>2</inf>shallow release of Zea diploperennis L. was put into effect to reveal the impacts of leaked CO<inf>2</inf>in Yanqing, Beijing. In this study, we proposed a new index (leaking CO<inf>2</inf>tolerance index, LCTI) to assess the tolerance of Zea diploperennis L. for leakage of stored CO<inf>2</inf>through pot experiment. The application of the LCTI (higher values indicate more tolerance and lower values indicate more sensitivity) revealed that the plant height of Zea diploperennis L. decreased with the elevated CO<inf>2</inf>leakage (500, 1 000, 1 500, and 2 000 g/(m<sup>2</sup>·d)). Measurement of maize leaf photosynthesis and transpiration parameters involved net photosynthetic rate (P<inf>n</inf>), stomatal conductance (G<inf>s</inf>), transpiration rate (T<inf>r</inf>) and water use efficiency (WUE), and the observational values of Pn, Gs, Tr, and WUE were reduced with the increasing of CO<inf>2</inf>leakage. And the biomass of Zea diploperennis L. declined by more than 70%. The LCTI of Zea diploperennis L. was 0.26, which should be classed as less tolerant, and cannot be used as bio-indicator for CO<inf>2</inf>leakage. The LCTI method is preliminary verified by our experiment which is suitable for selection of bio-indicator for leakage of stored CO<inf>2</inf>. In the future, for robustness of LCTI, we suggest to add plant management and growth cycle into LCTI assessment.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Thallium compounds
Controlled terms:Aquifers - Carbon capture - Carbon dioxide - Coal - Coal liquefaction plants - Coal storage - Estimation - Experiments - Geology - Greenhouse gases - Injection (oil wells) - Leakage (fluid) - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:Anthropogenic carbon dioxide - Carbon capture and storages (CCS) - CO2 storage - Coal-to-liquid plants - Emissions into the atmosphere - Net photosynthetic rate - Plants - Zea diploperennis L
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 481.1 Geology - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 524 Solid Fuels - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20174704434876
Title:Dynamic monitoring of water areas in Yanzhou coalfield based on Landsat TM/OLI images
Authors:Li, Jing (1); Shen, Yingying (1); Jiao, Lipeng (1); Yang, Zhen (1); Wu, Yue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:243-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Coal mining leads to some surface subsidence, which changes from farmland, abandoned low-developed and other agriculture land into water area in eastern China with high level underground water, so it is necessary to monitor the surface water change in those areas, which is beneficial to evaluate ecological accumulative effect of coal mining quantitatively and is good for corresponding policy making for coal mining and environment protection. Taking Yanzhou coalfield located in Shandong Province as a study area, the objective of this paper was to find comparatively accurate method to extract open-water information, to tell how much and where the water area changed and to reveal the correlation between water area change and rainfall or coal yield. The research data included 5 Landsat TM/OLI images which were captured on September 11, 1990, September 9, 2001, September 4, 2005, August 30, 2009 and October 15, 2014, coal yield data, coal mine boundary and rainfall data by local surveying or from public authoritative website. Firstly, the author compared different methods of open-water identification, which included modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) method based on the threshold segmentation, single-band threshold method, spectrum relationship method and K-T transform method by using Landsat TM image captured on August 30, 2009. Accuracy validation with 190 randomly generated points showed the MNDWI method was the best method with an overall accuracy of 94.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.899. Then the best method, MNDWI, was used to extract the open-water from 1990 to 2014 with those 5 Landsat TM/OLI images, which were preprocessed to ensure the high quality prior to water information extraction. It showed the water area in Yanzhou coalfield was 551.79, 820.17, 1 385.46, 2 247.93 and 1 927.35 hm<sup>2</sup>in 1990, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2014 respectively. Finally, the temporal and spatial characteristics of surface water were analyzed and its driven force was revealed from the aspects of rainfall and coal mining. The results showed the open-water area comparatively kept an increase trend from 1990 to 2014. It increased rapidly with an annual growth rate of 14.0% from 2001 to 2005, and 12.9% from 2005 to 2009 respectively. From the year of 2009 to the year of 2014, the open-water area decreased with a rate of 3% annually. The increase of the open-water area was mainly concentrated in Dongtan mine, Beisu mine, Xinglongzhuang mine, Nantun mine and Baodian mine. The correlation coefficient between rainfall and the open-water area was -0.537, which showed inter-annual variation of rainfall was not the main reason for the increase of open-water area in the whole study area. The correlation coefficient between coal yield and the surface water area was 0.904, which suggested that coal mining activity was the main driving force of water area change in this study. The total open-water area increases by 5.3% annually in Yanzhou coalfield, which has high positive correlation and middle negative correlation with coal yield and rainfall respectively. The study result will do benefit for understanding how much and what change has happened in similar area and better understanding the drive force for this kind of change. High spatial resolution images and object-oriented classification method will be used, and more driving factors and models for water area changing will be considered in further study to describe and explain the change more objectively and accurately.<br/> © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Coal - Coal deposits - Coal mines - Cutting machines (mining) - Digital storage - Groundwater - Image processing - Image segmentation - Monitoring - Rain - Remote sensing - Subsidence - Surface waters
Uncontrolled terms:Coal fields - Coal mining subsidences - Correlation coefficient - Environment protection - High spatial resolution images - Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) - Object oriented classification - Threshold segmentation
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 9.47e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.18.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普