<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20174304296633
Title:Thermal performance of solar collector with energy storage materials and oscillating heat pipe
Authors:Gao, Xuna (1); Wu, Wei (1); Meng, Zhijun (1); Liu, Pengpeng (1); Zhao, Wenjie (1); Wang, Xiaoyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing; 210042, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Wei(wuwei@njnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:234-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Solar heat pump using solar energy as the low temperature heat source, can improve the COP (coefficient of performance) of heat pump. Solar collector is the core component of solar heat pump. In this paper, an energy storage solar collector with oscillating heat pipe is designed, which can improve the overall performance of the system when used in energy storage solar heat pump system. In the collector, the evaporation section of the oscillating heat pipe heat exchanger is arranged in the vacuum tube in the form of U-tube, and energy storage material is filled between the evaporation section of the oscillating heat pipe and the vacuum tube, which can achieve the peak load shifting of solar energy by storing energy during the day for use at night or on continuous rainy days. The oscillating heat pipe heat exchanger with R134a, ethanol/water and acetone/water as working fluid is designed, manufactured and applied into the energy storage collector. The test bench for the thermal performance of the energy storage solar collector with oscillating heat pipe is built, and experimental studies are conducted on the heat collection performance of the collector in daytime and nighttime conditions, when the oscillating heat pipe is filled with different working fluids (R134a, ethanol/water, acetone/water) and the vacuum tube is filled with different materials (air and paraffin). The results show that when oscillating heat pipe is filled with R134a, the solar collector has the best performance. Under daytime condition, it has the highest heat collection efficiency, the average collection efficiency is above 0.45, and the maximum value is 0.90 when using paraffin for heat storage. It has the highest daily useful energy, and the minimum value is still 7.14 MJ/(m<sup>2</sup>·d). And no matter what kind of working fluid is filled in the oscillating heat pipe and what kind of material is filled in the vacuum tube, the variation law of instantaneous collection efficiency is contrary to that of solar radiation intensity. When the solar radiation intensity is relatively high, under the similar solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature, the collector using sensible heat of air for energy storage has better performance than that using latent heat of paraffin. When the solar radiation intensity is relatively low, under the similar solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature, the collector filled with paraffin has better performance than that filled with air. The collector using sensible heat of air for energy storage can't meet the demand of temperature for hot water at night, while the collector using latent heat of paraffin for energy storage can meet the demand at both day and night in daily life. This is because when the solar radiation intensity is high, a small amount of heat is absorbed by the air filled in collector, but most of heat is transferred to the heat exchanger with oscillating heat pipe, while paraffin stores more energy during solid-liquid phase transition and transfers less heat than air. On cloudy or rainy days, when the solar radiation is insufficient, the paraffin filled in collector undergoes a liquid-solid phase transition and releases the latent heat stored before, while the sensible heat stored by air is inadequate for heating water. Therefore, the collector filled with paraffin has better performance than that filled with air on cloudy or rainy days with low solar radiation intensity. The results can provide reference for the design, popularization and application of solar heat pump with energy storage. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Solar water heaters
Controlled terms:Acetone - Air - Electron tubes - Energy storage - Ethanol - Evaporation - Fluids - Heat exchangers - Heat pipes - Heat pump systems - Heat storage - Latent heat - Paraffins - Pumps - Radiation - Refrigerants - Solar collectors - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar radiation - Storage (materials) - Temperature - Tubes (components) - Vacuum applications - Vacuum evaporation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of Performance - Collector - Liquid-solid phase transition - Low temperature heat sources - Oscillating heat pipes - Solid-liquid phase transitions - Thermal Performance - Water temperatures
Classification code:525.7 Energy Storage - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 633.1 Vacuum Applications - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20174304296641
Title:Thermal properties and conditioning temperature control of formula feeds containing high content of whey powder for weanling pigs
Authors:Kong, Dandan (1); Fang, Peng (1); Wang, Hongying (1); Chen, Xiao (1); Yue, Yan (1); Lü, Fang (1); Jin, Nan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National R&D Center for Agro-processing Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:299-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Whey powder is a kind of thermosensitive feedstuff, which is particularly prone to pyrogenation and protein denaturation in conditioning and pelleting processing of pellet feed for weanling pigs. Pellet mill can be blocked easily when the feed formulation is designed with high level of whey powder. Studies on thermal proprieties of whey powder and formula feed containing different levels of whey powder are required for parameter optimization in thermo processing of formula feed. As corn meal, soybean meal, whey powder and fish meal are the most common and important ingredients in the diet of weanling pigs, 33 kinds of formula feeds consisting of different levels of corn meal (22.6%-70%), soybean meal (13.7%-46%), whey powder (0-30%) and fish meal (0-10%) were obtained by D-optimal mixture design method in this work. Proximate composition of 4 ingredients including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, starch, lactose contents was determined. The specific heat of these 4 ingredients at the temperature range of 25-120℃ and 33 kinds of formula feeds at 25-110℃ were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) at a programmed heating rate of 10℃/min, and the prediction models of specific heat as a function of temperature were established. Thermal denaturation of whey powder and formula feeds containing high levels of whey powder was also analyzed by DSC. The moisture contents of corn meal, soybean meal, whey powder and fish meal were 12.01%, 10.96%, 3.84% and 7.28% (wet basis) respectively, and the crude protein contents were 8.08%, 47.26%, 11.24% and 65.73% (wet basis) respectively. The specific heat of corn meal ranged from 1.614 to 2.705 kJ/(kg·K), soybean meal from 1.844 to 2.529 kJ/(kg·K), whey powder from 1.355 to 2.911 kJ/(kg·K), and fish meal from 1.592 to 2.464 kJ/(kg·K). Whey powder showed significantly lower values of specific heat at 25-100℃ compared to the other 3 ingredients, but significantly higher value at 120℃ (P<0.05). The specific heat of corn meal increased linearly with the increase in temperature, and that of soybean meal increased logarithmically with the increase in temperature. The specific heat of whey powder followed a cubic polynomial relationship with temperature, and fish meal displayed a quadratic polynomial relationship with temperature. The specific heat of formula feeds containing no less than 6.25% whey powder followed a cubic polynomial relationship with temperature, which was the same as that of whey powder. However, the specific heat of formula feeds containing no whey powder displayed a logarithmical relationship with temperature, similar with that of soybean meal. Analysis of variance showed that the specific heat of formula feeds was significantly dependent on temperature, ingredient proportion and the interaction of the 2 factors (P<0.001). Temperature had the most significant effect on specific heat, followed by the level of whey powder. An endothermic peak with an enthalpy of 4.14 J/g was observed on the DSC thermogram of whey powder, which may be caused by the denaturation of whey protein. The onset temperature, peak temperature, and termination temperature were 90.23, 109.79, and 115.25℃, respectively. During this thermal denaturation process, the specific heat of whey powder raised from 1.745 kJ/(kg·K) at onset temperature to 2.798 kJ/(kg·K) at peak temperature, and then declined to 2.662 kJ/(kg·K) at termination temperature. Whey powder particles exhibited a spherical shape with numerous bulges and micro pores on the surface after the thermal treatments of 20-90℃, but an irregular shape with smooth surface and agglutinate status after the thermal treatments of 110-115℃ based on micrographs obtained from the scanning electron microscope. Similarly, 20 kinds of formula feeds containing high levels (≥14.548%) of whey powder also displayed endothermic peaks on the DSC thermograms, but the onset temperatures (67.46-74.99℃), peak temperatures (77.95-87.69℃), termination temperatures (81.47-91.72℃) and enthalpy (0.38-1.00 J/g) were lower than that of whey powder. Mixture with corn meal, soybean meal and fish meal could decrease the thermal stability of whey powder and facilitate the denaturation of whey protein obviously. Consequently, in order to reduce the denaturation of whey protein and the blocking of pellet mill, the conditioning temperature of formula feed containing high level of whey powder for weanling pigs should be lower than 70℃. In addition, the onset temperature, peak temperature, termination temperature and enthalpy of formula feed were significantly positively correlated with whey powder content (r=0.697, 0.905, 0.903, and 0.946, respectively, P<0.001). This investigation provides fundamental theory and data for process optimizations of thermo processing such as conditioning, and pelleting of formula feed containing high level of whey powder for weanling pigs. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Specific heat
Controlled terms:Calorimeters - Calorimetry - Denaturation - Differential scanning calorimetry - Enthalpy - Fish - Heat treatment - Mammals - Mixtures - Moisture - Pelletizing - Physical properties - Polynomials - Proteins - Scanning electron microscopy - Temperature - Temperature measuring instruments - Thermodynamic stability - Thermography (temperature measurement)
Uncontrolled terms:Conditioning temperatures - Dsc(differential scanning calorimetry) - Parameter optimization - Protein denaturation - Proximate compositions - Quadratic polynomial - Thermal denaturations - Whey powders
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.1 Algebra - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00% to 1.00e+01%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.37e+01% to 4.60e+01%, Percentage 2.26e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 3.84e+00%, Percentage 4.73e+01%, Percentage 6.25e+00%, Percentage 6.57e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+00%, Percentage 8.08e+00%, Specific_Energy 3.80e+02J/kg to 1.00e+03J/kg, Specific_Energy 4.14e+03J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20174304296631
Title:Parameters optimization for molding of vegetable seedling substrate nursery block with rice straw
Authors:Xin, Mingjin (1); Chen, Tianyou (1); Zhang, Qiang (1); Jiao, Jinkang (1); Bai, Xuewei (1); Song, Yuqiu (1); Zhao, Rui (2); Wei, Chen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (3) Kodenshi Sy Corp., Shenyang; 110027, China
Corresponding author:Song, Yuqiu(songyuqiusyau@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:219-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Raising vegetable seedling with growing substrate nursery block is an effective way to utilize agricultural byproduct, reduce use of plastic pot which may pollute the environment and realize the optimal treatment of the growing media favorable for the growth of the seedlings. For the technology, the growing media is compacted and molded into nursery blocks; seeds are planted into the block in greenhouse; and seedlings with blocks are transplanted without the process of removing the plastic pot of traditional seedling raising at transplanting. Breaking strength and dimensional stability of the molded block are critical for the delivery and seedling production process and they affect the mechanical properties of the block as well, such as the density, and the porosity. And the parameters will affect the germination, emergence and growth of the crop seedlings. The compression ratio was determined as 3:1 according to previous studies. A mold was developed and equipped on a WDW-200 type computer-controlled electrical testing machine to compress the block according to horticultural requirement. The tested materials was the mixture of rice straw and growing substrate whose principal components were peat, vermiculite and other nutrients demanded for plant growing, which was produced by Shenyang Fannong Horticultural Materials Co. Ltd. and supervised by Seedling Developing Room of Horticulture College, Shenyang Agricultural University. Quadratic regression general rotary combined experiments of 4 factors were carried out, and by means of surface response methodology, the effects of moisture content, pressure, straw length and straw content on breaking strength and dimensional stability of the manufactured substrate block were investigated, and the regression models were set up. The fitting degree and significance of the regression model were tested through the analysis of variance. The results showed that the significance of the factors for breaking strength of the block was: pressure > straw length > moisture content = straw content; the interactions between moisture content and straw content, between pressure and straw length, and between straw length and straw content on breaking strength of the block were all significant (P<0.05); the influence of the factors on dimensional stability of the seedling nursery blocks was: content of straw > moisture content > pressure > straw length; the interaction of moisture content and straw length was significant for dimensional stability of the block (P<0.05). The optimal theoretical process parameters were obtained with Design-Expert 8.0.6. The optimal values of the factors were adjusted according to the operability and verification experiment results. The final optimal process parameters were determined as follows: moisture content of 21%, pressure of 4.5 N, straw length of 10 mm and straw content of 12%. The corresponding breaking strength and dimension stability of the block were 23.03 N and 82.83% respectively. The parameters of physical and chemical properties of the optimized seedling block were determined as follows: bulk density of 0.43 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, total porosity of 73.31%, aeration porosity of 32.6%, EC value of 1.76 mS/cm and pH value of 6.3. The analysis showed that the optimized parameters could meet the demand of physical and chemical requirement of vegetable seedling raising according to the relevant literature. The study may provide theoretical basis for process parameters optimization and machine development of vegetable seedling nursery block molding. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Dimensional stability
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Chemical analysis - Compression ratio (machinery) - Density (specific gravity) - Electric machine control - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Molding - pH - Porosity - Regression analysis - Seed - Societies and institutions - Stability - Straw - Substrates - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural by-products - Breaking strength - Parameters optimization - Physical and chemical properties - Principal Components - Process parameters optimizations - Seedling nursery block - Surface response methodologies
Classification code:731.2 Control System Applications - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.1.1 Societies and Institutions - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 1.76e-01S/m, Force 2.30e+01N, Force 4.50e+00N, Mass_Density 4.30e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 3.26e+01%, Percentage 7.33e+01%, Percentage 8.28e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20174304296612
Title:Numerical simulation and experimental validation of radiation noise from vibrating shell of stalk impeller blower
Authors:Zhai, Zhiping (1); Zhang, Long (1); Liu, Changzeng (1); Li, Haonan (1); Cui, Hongmei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Changzeng(38892900@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:72-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Stalk rubbing machine is a new type of forage processing equipment developed in China. It is mainly composed of rubbing device and impeller blower. When the stalk rubbing machine is working, the material is thrown out by the impeller blower after rubbed by the rubbing device. Its main problem is an increased level of vibration and noise of the impeller blower during the stalk rubbing machine running. However, the research of impeller blowers at home and abroad mainly focused on reducing the power consumption, increasing the throwing distance and throwing efficiency. There were few researches on reducing the vibration and noise of the impeller blowers. Because of the limitation of the experimental method, it was difficult to find out how the shell was excited by the pulsating gas-solid two-phase flow inside the impeller blower and how it produced vibration and radiated noise outwards. Aimed at these problems, the vibration radiated noise of the shell of the impeller blower was analyzed by the co-simulation method to predict the impeller blower's noise at the design stage of the stalk rubbing machine. Firstly, the ANSYS Fluent software was used to simulate the unsteady solid-gas two-phase turbulent flow in the impeller blower. Then the fluctuating pressure of the two-phase flow field was loaded into the inner surface of the shell. Secondly, the modal analysis and dynamic response analysis of the shell were carried out by using the finite element method which realized unidirectional coupling from gas-solid two-phase fluid to structure. With the vibration response of the shell as the acoustic boundary condition, the vibration radiation noise of the shell caused by unsteady flow was calculated by using the indirect boundary element method (IBEM) of the LMS Virtual Lab. Thirdly, Comparisons between the simulated values and the measured values of the vibration radiation noise of the shell were made, and the reliability of the numerical simulation was verified. Finally, the influence of shell thickness on the vibration radiation noise was analyzed based on the above co-simulation method. Research results showed that: 1) The fundamental frequency sound pressure levels for the simulation and experiment were basically the same. The changing trends of simulation results and the experimental results of the fundamental frequency and harmonics were also the same. Because the simplified simulation model made its stiffness smaller, the simulation results at the second and the third harmonic were slightly higher than the experimental results. Thus, it could be proved that the results of the co-simulation were credible. 2) The fundamental frequency sound pressure level was the highest. The second harmonic one came second, the third harmonic one was low, and the rest harmonic ones were very low and were neglected. 3) The sound pressure level of the radiated noise at the sides of the shell was the highest, particularly at inlet. And it was higher at outlet, too. 4) When the impeller rotational speed was 1 500 r/min, the best wall thickness was the combination of front and rear round shell thickness of 4 mm and the others' thickness of 3 mm. The research will provide the reference for further research on the noise of stalk rubbing machines and impeller blowers. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Acoustic noise - Acoustic noise measurement - Acoustic variables measurement - Acoustic wave transmission - Acoustics - Agricultural machinery - Blowers - Boundary element method - Compressors - Couplings - Energy efficiency - Finite element method - Fire alarm systems - Harmonic analysis - Impellers - Modal analysis - Natural frequencies - Numerical models - Rubber machinery - Sailing vessels - Shells (structures) - Testing - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Impeller blowers - Noise - Radiation noise - Throwing shell - Vibrations
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.1 Compressors - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 751 Acoustics, Noise. Sound - 818.4 Rubber Factories and Machinery - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 941.2 Acoustic Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 1.50e+03RPM, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20174304296606
Title:Performance test on roller type residual film recycling machine
Authors:Liu, Xuanfeng (1); Shi, Xin (1); Guo, Zhaofeng (1); Wang, Chunyao (2); Wang, Xuenong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830008, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xuenong(xjwxn@xaas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:26-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic mulch technology is an important mean to promote agricultural production efficiency and increase income of farmers. As increase of using mulch plastic film in agriculture production, recover and recycling of the film become an issue. So there is an urgent need for an efficient and reliable technique of mechanical recovery of residual film to solve the problem of increasingly serious pollution of arable land caused by the debris of mulch film. 1LSM-1.5 roller type residual film recycling machine is a typical waste plastic mulch film recycling machine, with arc reciprocating film picking drum as core device. This device has a problem of improper matching of working parameters.When the machine operated, because of the uneven of user's operation level, and the improper structure design of the machine, the overall performance of residual film recovery is affected resulting in reduction of recovery rate of residual film. Recovery rate of residual film is an important index of overall performance of roller type residual film recycling machine. From the process of picking plastic mulch film of arc reciprocating picking-up device, the effect of plastic mulch film collection and the rate of recovery of residual film are related to many factors. According to the structure and working principle of the roller type residual film recycling machine, in this study, the working mode of arc reciprocating picking-up device and the trajectory characteristics of film picking tooth were analyzed, Through the analysis, we determined the main factors affecting the performance of equipment, they were plastic mulch film pick up device rotational speed, the machine advance speed, and the embedded depth of film picking tooth. Orthogonal test was used to analyze and determine the main factors affecting the performance of machine. Taking film pick-up device rotational speed, the machine advance speed, and embedded depth of film picking tooth as the experimental factors, with residual film picking rate as test indexes, we determined the significance, priority, and order of factors and at the same time, analyzed the influence of each test factor on the change trend of recovery rate of residual film. The results showed that the optimum level combinations of selected parameters to obtain the best working conditions for the machine were 45 r/mine for the film pick up device rotational speed, 4 km/h for the machine advance speed, and 35 mm for the embedded depth of film picking tooth. With such this optimum working parameters, the equipment residual film collecting rate was 88.2%. The residual film recovery machine achieved design standards, and the residual film recovery rate was 6.2% higher than that of the current straw combined residual film recovery machine. The above research can provide data reference for the optimization design of residual film recycling machine in order to protect the farmland ecological environment. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Experiments - Metal drawing - Pickups - Plastic films - Plastic recycling - Recovery - Recycling - Rollers (machine components) - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agriculture productions - Ecological environments - Experimental factors - Optimization design - Optimum working parameters - Plastic mulch - Residual films
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 535.2 Metal Forming - 601.2 Machine Components - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.20e+00%, Percentage 8.82e+01%, Size 3.50e-02m, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20174304296608
Title:Design and experiment of high throughput automatic measuring device for corn
Authors:Song, Peng (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Han (1, 2, 3); Wang, Cheng (1, 2, 3); Luo, Bin (1, 2, 3); Lu, Wenchao (1, 2, 3); Hou, Peichen (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Cheng(wangc@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:41-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Corn parameters measuring are an important step in corn breeding. Currently, researchers measure corn parameters manually or with the help of machine vision technology. The existing corn parameters measuring and methods mainly aim at corn ears or kernels rather than measuring them at the same time, which is difficult to meet the demand of rapidly measuring a large amount of breeding materials in the breeding process. To solve this problem, in this paper, a high throughput automatic measuring device for corn was designed and a prototype was developed. This device mainly included corn ear parameter measuring unit, automatic threshing unit, corn kernels parameter measuring unit, post-processing unit, and system control unit, which can realize the whole process such as ear parameters measuring, ear threshing, kernel parameters measuring, kernel lifting, kernel packaging and label printing automatically. A weighting sensor and four high-resolution color cameras were evenly distributed around the ear with the interval of 90 degrees to get the corn ear images in four directions to acquire corn ear parameters such as ear weight, ear length, ear width, ear rows, bare tip, et al. at the corn ear parameter measuring unit. The average measurement accuracy for ear length and ear width was up to 99.13% and 99.21%. The Canadian Agriculex SCS-2 single ear corn thresher was chosen for automatic threshing unit. Efficiency of the thresher was up to 3-5 s/ear, which can meet the acquirements of high throughput processing. Corn kernels parameters such as kernel number, kernel average length, average width, kernel shape, et al. were obtained in corn kernel parameters measuring unit, which was designed and had three parts: 1) image acquisition device used for kernel images acquisition; 2) automatic spreading mechanism used for reducing kernel adhesion and accumulation, so as to obtain high-quality kernel images; and 3) kernel discharging mechanism used for ensuring the smooth implementation of high-throughput assembly line operation and letting the kernels discharged. The average accuracy of kernel number reached 99.39%. Post-processing unit can lift kernels from corn kernels parameter measuring unit to a fixed height and pack it with a printed QR code label which contained all corn ear and corn kernel parameters. A Kunluntongtai TPC7062K industrial control tablet and MODBUS relay control input-output module with 16 photoelectric isolating switch input channels and 16 photoelectric isolating relay output channels were chosen for the system control unit to receive sensing information and feedback to control the device. The results of experiment showed that the prototype can obtain information both for corn ear and corn kernels automatically. The average time consuming of the prototype for single corn processing was about 27.2 s, and the average efficiency was up to 4 ear/minute during continuous operation mode, which greatly improved the efficiency of corn breeding processes. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Throughput
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Automation - Control - Design - Efficiency - Experiments - Image acquisition - Image processing - Measurements - Photoelectricity
Uncontrolled terms:Average efficiencies - Continuous operation - Corn ear parameters measure - Corn kernels - High throughput - Machine vision technologies - Measurement accuracy - Parameter measuring
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.91e+01%, Percentage 9.92e+01%, Percentage 9.94e+01%, Time 2.72e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20174304296635
Title:Cultivated land resource security evaluation and consolidation division based on farmland classification
Authors:Zhang, Guijun (1, 2); Zhao, Li (1); Zhang, Pengtao (1); Zhang, Yigong (2); Wei, Minghuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Resources Management, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Land Resources and Environment, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yigong(zhyg@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:248-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to quickly and accurately grasp the spatial distribution and effectively promote the security protection of small-scale cultivated land resources, the paper took Changli County, Hebei Province as the research object, used documentary research method to perfect the connotation of cultivated land resource security and constructed evaluation framework suitable for cultivated land resources at county level. Taking the agricultural land classification results in Changli c ounty in 2015 as the data base, and combined with the data of land use survey, agricultural geological survey, and soil sampling and detection information in the same period, the database of cultivated land security was built; and the single index evaluation method was used to evaluate the elements which affected the safety of cultivated land resources. The evaluation results showed that there were nearly 15% of the cultivated land in low yield level, nearly 10% of the cultivated land in bad condition of irrigation, nearly 15% of the cultivated land below the critical safety level of soil profile pattern, and nearly 10% of the cultivated land in low level of available phosphorus. In addition, soil organic content in the whole county was under the safety grade, and the content of copper in the regions with very small area was at low-level insecurity. Fertilizer use quantity in most regions was at low-level insecurity. Aiming at the unsafe danger of cultivated land resources in Changli County and with the uniformity principle in engineering technology and monitoring management measures, the paper overlapped the evaluation results which showed insecurity problems, lined out comprehensive engineering renovation zone, fertility promotion zone and abandoned farmland zone, and put forward the corresponding regulation and monitoring management system. The research showed that using the result of farmland classification can build database of cultivated land security quickly, also can promote the normalization of the monitoring work of cultivated land resources safety and implement safety diagnosis and evaluation regularly. All of these can efficiently implement full elements supervision and protection of cultivated land resources. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Classification (of information) - Computer aided diagnosis - Engineering research - Farms - Monitoring - Natural resources - Safety engineering - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Classification results - Cultivated land securities - Cultivated lands - Detection informations - Element protection - Land consolidations - Single factor evaluation - Soil organic content
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 914 Safety Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20174304296630
Title:Numerical simulation of environmental conditions for fan-pad evaporative cooling system of beef cattle barn in summer
Authors:Chen, Zhaohui (1, 2); Ma, Yichang (1, 2); Liu, Rui (3); Guo, Fei (1, 2); Liu, Jijun (1, 2); Yang, Shitang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; 27606, United States; (4) Yufeng Agriculture Co., Ltd., Gao'an; 330800, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:211-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Although fan-pad tunnel ventilation evaporative cooling system is energy efficient and environmental friendly, which consists of a fan on one sidewall and a pad on the other sidewall, is rarely applied in beef cattle barn. The cooling efficiency of the fan-pad evaporative system can reach more than 85%. With the advent of the computer age, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology is widely used to predict the movement of air or other environmental factors. In order to study the effects of fan-pad evaporative cooling system applied in beef cattle barn in summer, the CFD technique was used to simulate airflow and temperature distribution inside the barn, based on the environmental index measurement, to improve and optimize the effect of the system. The barn building was 54 m long, 12 m wide and 4.2 m at height, window sill height was 1.5 m, and electric curtain was 2.7 m high. There were 58 beef cattle averaged 500 kg of weight included in the study. In the simulation, the beef cattle were introduced into the model according to equal proportion, a realizable k-Ε model was built, and the SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation) was used for the pressure velocity coupling. Measurements experiments were implemented from July to August, 2014. Seventy-five measurement points were dispersed uniformly in the building at 3 different heights as 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m above the bed floor, which respectively represented the lying down area, activity area and head above. For each measurement point, both air velocities and temperatures were recorded, using a three-dimensional anemometer and a temperature and humidity instrument respectively. Measurements were conducted at 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00. These measurement indices were used for the validation of the anastomosis. Meanwhile, the velocity and the temperature of fan and pad were also measured. The temperatures of walls, floors and ceiling were recorded by thermal infrared imager (Fluke Ti400), which were used for modeling. After the simulation was completed, the results showed that the temperature distribution was uniform, but affected by the beef cattle in the barn, and the air distribution was uneven, the high air velocity area was mainly concentrated in the roof and feeding aisle with 0.9-1.2 m/s, and the wind speed of beef cattle activity area was less than 0.6 m/s, which could not meet the feeding standards. The CFD model was validated via comparison with the field experimental results at the same locations by the sensors. Comparison between simulations and measurements showed that the relative errors were 0.16%-94.41% after 5 outlier elimination, the average relative errors were 34.53%. For the 45 temperature measuring points, the relative errors were 0.09%-10.74%, the average relative error was 4.71%, which indicated that there was a good fit between field measurement and numerical simulation. Without changing the envelope and indoor barn structure, a guide plate was arranged inside, making the uniformity of the temperature and airflow field in the room improved significantly and the cooling effects more significant. Therefore, this study can provide references for the optimization design and environment regulation of fan-pad evaporative cooling system of beef cattle barn. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Evaporative cooling systems
Controlled terms:Air - Beef - Computational fluid dynamics - Cooling - Cooling systems - Energy efficiency - Environmental technology - Errors - Evaporation - Farm buildings - Floors - Independent component analysis - Meats - Models - Numerical models - Structural design - Temperature - Temperature distribution - Thermoelectric equipment - Vaporization - Velocity - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Beef cattle - Environmental conditions - Flow - Pressure-velocity coupling - Semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations - Simulations and measurements - Temperature and humidities - Tunnel ventilation
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454 Environmental Engineering - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e+02kg, Percentage 1.60e-01% to 9.44e+01%, Percentage 3.45e+01%, Percentage 4.71e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e-02% to 1.07e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.20e+01m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 1.80e+00m, Size 2.70e+00m, Size 4.20e+00m, Size 5.40e+01m, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s, Velocity 9.00e-01m/s to 1.20e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20174304296618
Title:Optimization of discharge per unit width of border irrigation based on soil infiltration variability
Authors:Nie, Weibo (1); Zhang, Fan (1); Ma, Xiaoyi (2); Huang, Heng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:119-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Field soil infiltration variability has brought difficulties to the design and management of border irrigation system. In the previous researches, the effect of spatial variability of soil infiltration on water movement process and irrigation performance was not taken into consideration, which cannot reflect the actual situation in the field, resulting in the limitation of the improvement of border irrigation performance. In order to solve the above problems, based on the available calculation model of irrigation performance indicators of border irrigation under heterogeneity soil conditions, this study extended the range of the model application, and numerical simulation of border irrigation process were conducted by the WinSRFR software. Additionally, the calculation model was verified combined with the experimental data of border irrigation in Wugong county (108°03 ′06″E, 34°21′32″N) of Shaanxi Province and Pengzhuang village (116°22′02″E, 37°39′N) in Wuqiao county, Hebei Province. Based on the above researches, the calculation model of this study and theoretical analysis were adopted to analyze the influence of heterogeneity soil on the performance of border irrigation. Moreover, taking the maximum geometric average value of the distribution uniformity, application efficiency and storage efficiency as the optimization function, a method to determine the discharge per unit width under the consideration of soil infiltration variability was proposed. The results showed that through the expanded calculation model of border irrigation performance indicators under soil infiltration variation conditions, the proposed model was suitable not only for calculation the performance of border irrigation under the conditions of soil heterogeneity, but also for the calculation under the condition of homogeneous soil. Under the condition of soil heterogeneity, the calculated values of distribution uniformity, application efficiency and storage efficiency were in good agreement with the measured and simulation values by WinSRFR software, and the relative error was less than 8%. However, under the homogeneity soil condition, the error was relative large between the calculated and the measured values of irrigation performance indicators, of which the relative error of distribution uniformity had the largest value of 15.42%. The results indicated that the influence of soil infiltration variability should be taken into account in the process of irrigation performance evaluation. Otherwise, the results would be deviated from the actual situation in the field. While under the condition of homogeneous soil, the calculated values of irrigation performance and WinSRFR software had high consistency, and the relative error was less than 10%. Soil infiltration variation had a great influence on the performance of border irrigation, accounting for 56.71%-95.68%, and the influence should be taken into account in the process of irrigation performance evaluation. By selecting the discharge per unit width as an optimization variable, the effect of infiltration spatial variation on the performance of border irrigation could be reduced, which contributed to improvement of the border irrigation performance. The optimized discharge per unit width of the heterogeneity soil and homogeneity soil meets the 1:1 liner relationship, that is, the optimal discharge per unit width of the homogeneous soil could be used to the design of the discharge water of border irrigation under heterogeneity soil conditions, which guaranteed a high irrigation performance. The method proposed in this study can better reflect the actual performance of border irrigation, and provide theoretical and technical support for the design and management of border irrigation system. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Application programs - Benchmarking - Computer simulation - Computer software - Digital storage - Efficiency - Errors - Irrigation - Models - Numerical models - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Border irrigation - Distribution uniformity - Irrigation performance - Optimization function - Optimization variables - Per unit - Spatial variability - Variability
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.54e+01%, Percentage 5.67e+01% to 9.57e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20174304296607
Title:Design and experiment of high clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field
Authors:Wang, Jinwu (1); Tang, Han (1); Shen, Hongguang (1); Bai, Haichao (1); Na, Mingjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:32-40
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice is the most important crop in China, which has the largest plant area, the highest per area yield and the most total output. The production scale of rice has important significance to the development of grain production safety. The field management of paddy field is important guarantee for rice growth and the construction of standardized farmland. At present, some regions in China are still in manual labor to manage paddy field, and the comprehensive mechanization has low level, poor quality, long operation period, and high labor intensity. Some Chinese scientific research institutes and agricultural machinery enterprises have focused on high clearance chassis technology, and developed a variety of related supporting work equipment. Most equipment are improved through transplanter chassis or four-wheel tractor, which have low ground clearance, high center of gravity, low working efficiency, and large turning radius, and cannot meet the requirements for paddy field management operations. In this case, a high-clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field was designed, in view of meeting the agronomic requirements of rice planting in the northeast region of China. The overall structure, transmission scheme and working principle of the multifunctional chassis with power train were illustrated and analyzed. The three-dimensional model was used for its parametric modeling, and the model was imported to FEA (finite element analysis) software ANSYS Workbench 14.0 to analyze the carframe. Different experimental conditions were simulated to calculate stress and deformation of the frame, and the stress of the main deformed part was measured, which provided the basis for the weak area improvement and lightweight design of the following frame. The finite element analysis results showed that: Under the full load bending condition, the maximum stress experienced was 130.7 MPa at the roll of the balance device, and the maximum displacement was 1.56 mm at the rear carframe; under the full load condition, the maximum stress occurring was 255.44 MPa at the junction of the right rear suspension and the stringer, and the maximum displacement was 9.44 mm at the junction of the left and right beams of the carframe. On the basis, the steering performance, running performance and climbing ridge performance of the multifunctional chassis with power train were analyzed theoretically. The field performance experiment was carried out with the driving speed, the minimum turning radius, the maximum climbing ridge angle and height as response indices. The test results showed that: The driving speed in field road was 1-14 km/h, the driving speed in paddy field was 1-6 km/h, the minimum turning radius was 3 200 mm, and the maximum climbing angle and height were 56° and 533 mm, respectively. The high clearance articulated multifunctional chassis with power train can meet the requirements for paddy field management operations, which has the characteristics of high ground clearance, small turning radius and flexible operation. The research results in this paper can provide the comprehensive application basis and technical support for the effective implementation of paddy field management. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Chassis - Design - Experiments - Machine design - Magnetic levitation vehicles - Stringers - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental conditions - High clearance - Paddy fields - Scientific research institutes - Steering performance - Stress and deformation - Three-dimensional model - Transmission schemes
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.31e+08Pa, Pressure 2.55e+08Pa, Size 1.56e-03m, Size 3.20e+00m, Size 5.33e-01m, Size 9.44e-03m, Velocity 2.78e-01m/s to 1.67e+00m/s, Velocity 2.78e-01m/s to 3.89e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20174304296629
Title:Performance test and curing mechanism of phase change cured soil for solar greenhouse walls
Authors:Bao, Encai (1); Zou, Zhirong (1); Zhang, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, The Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yong(Landscape@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:203-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Building solar greenhouse in these non-cultivated lands cannot only make full use of the land resources in the northwest of China, but also has great significance in ensuring national food security. However, traditional solar greenhouses with soil or brick walls often suffer from a huge energy imbalance. In In this study, we designed a phase change materials additive as a soil curing agent (PCC) and used it in sand soil (SS) and Gobi soil (GS) widely distributed in the northwest of China. The new phase change cured soil greenhouse wall materials were designed and their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated and the curing mechanism was also studied. The main composition of phase change curing agent included phase change material, silicate cement (PO32.5) and powdered Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf>at a ratio of 3: 25: 5. The raw phase material was Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>·10H<inf>2</inf>O : Na<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>·12H<inf>2</inf>O : CaCl<inf>2</inf>·6H<inf>2</inf>O : Na<inf>2</inf>B<inf>4</inf>O<inf>7</inf>·10H<inf>2</inf>O : CMC = 20 : 70 : 8 : 1: 1. All the materials were stored at room temperature before use. The sand soil had the optimal water content of 12% and the dry density of 1.92 g/cm<sup>3</sup>of density. The sample Gobi soil had the water content and dry density of 15% and 2.12 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The phase changed cured soil with 5% PCC in SS, 10% PCC in SS, 5% PCC in GS and 10% PCC in GS was prepared with 3 replicates for each treatment. The compressive strength was tested at room temperature. The thermal property was studied by differential scanning calorimetry method. The structure of soil was measured by an electron microscope. The results showed that the average compressive strength of 5% PCC + SS was 1.667 MPa, higher than the international standard for curing sand (1 MPa) and the non-additive SS (0.045 MPa). The average compressive strength of 10% PCC + SS was 3.208 MPa, which almost doubled that of 5% PCC + SS. The compressive strength for 5% PCC+ GS and 10% PCC+ GS was 2.454 and 3.671 MPa, respectively, which were both higher than the average compressive strength of GS (1-1.5 MPa). Both endothermic and exothermic processes appeared in the greenhouse. For the 5% PCC + SS, the endothermic process was from 6.54℃ to 42.68℃. The maximum endothermic temperature was 33.59℃, with the heat absorption of 28.16 J/g. The exothermic process started at 17.12℃ and ended at 1.59℃. The maximum exothermic temperature was 16.42℃ and the overall exothermic volume was 29.89 J/g. In contrast, the heat flow change of the 10% PCC + SS was relatively small. For 5% PCC + GS, an overall similar endothermic and exothermic process was also observed. The endothermic process started at 13.20℃ and ended at 37.79℃. The maximum endothermic temperature was 31.04℃, and the heat absorption was 13.55 J/g. The exothermic started at 15.50℃ and ended at 0.05℃. The maximum exothermic temperature was 13.73℃ and the heat absorption was 12.69 J/g. The heat flow change of the 10% PCC + GS was also very small. These results indicated that 5% PCC and 10% PCC both met the requirement of the greenhouse energy storage. Adding of PCC enhanced the poor connection of original particleS into cementation connection, thereby reducing the holes, enhancing mechanical strength and heat storage. This paper provided valuable suggestions for the utility of SS and GS as fundamental structural materials of solar greenhouses, especially in the wild northwest regions. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Phase change materials
Controlled terms:Calcium compounds - Compressive strength - Curing - Differential scanning calorimetry - Drying - Dye-sensitized solar cells - Food storage - Food supply - Greenhouses - Heat storage - Heat transfer - Hybrid materials - Silicates - Soil testing - Soils - Solar heating - Thermodynamic properties - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Curing mechanism - Differential scanning calorimetry methods - Endothermic process - Exothermic process - Exothermic temperature - International standards - Mechanical and thermal properties - Structure of soils
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3 Food Products - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.92e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.12e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Pressure 1.00e+06Pa, Pressure 1.00e+06Pa to 1.50e+06Pa, Pressure 1.67e+06Pa, Pressure 2.45e+06Pa, Pressure 3.21e+06Pa, Pressure 3.67e+06Pa, Pressure 4.50e+04Pa, Specific_Energy 1.27e+04J/kg, Specific_Energy 1.36e+04J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.82e+04J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.99e+04J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20174304296624
Title:Remote sensing inversion models and validation of aboveground biomass in soybean with introduction of terrain factors in black soil area
Authors:Zhang, Xinle (1); Xu, Mengyuan (1); Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Meng, Linghua (1); Qiu, Zhengchao (1); Pan, Yue (1); Xie, Yahui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Huanjun(huanjunliu@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:168-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop biomass plays an important role in food security and global carbon cycle. Achieving the timely and accurate monitoring of biomass is vital for precise and reasonable agricultural management. Undoubtedly, remote sensing technique has been proven to be an effective tool for biomass estimation. Along with traditional means, it reduces the actual operation and investigation of ground surveys. In ordered to accurately estimate the crop aboveground biomass at the field scale and improve the precision and stability of soybean aboveground biomass inversion model, this paper obtained SPOT-6 6-meter multi-spectral data on July and August 2016 of the study area, as well as the soybean aboveground biomass of different terrain slopes. At the same time, the terrain data of the study area were measured and the topographic factors such as elevation, slope and aspect were extracted. We intended to use above measured data to build three models, which were the traditional linear regression model, the multiple regression model and the neural network model. Firstly, the correlation of the relationships between enhances vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and observed date of soybean aboveground biomass were analyzed by linear regression model. Then we added the terrain factors which were related to the aboveground biomass for establishing multilayer perception stepwise multiple regression and neural network inversion model. Through the model accuracy comparison and estimation accuracy analysis, the results were following: 1) In the linear regression model established by the two vegetation indexes, NDVI Model fitting degree was higher then EVI, and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) reached 0.712, plus root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.116 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The results could be explained that the use of traditional single vegetation index model to predict soybean aboveground biomass was feasible. 2) The neural network multilayer sensor model had the highest precision and reliability among all above (R<sup>2</sup>=0.904, RMSE = 0.047 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The results of model validation showed that the average absolute and relative error of using neural network model were the smallest, and the values were 0.113 kg/m<sup>2</sup>and 0.212, respectively. In the three types of inversion models, the inversion results of the neural network model were closest to the actual data of crop aboveground biomass distribution. The inversion results of this study were in good agreement with the terrain, topography, temperature and precipitation characteristics of the plot and accurately reflected the space distribution features of crop condition and growth. Our research provided a reliable and scientific basis for dynamic monitoring and precise management of soybean aboveground biomass. The method was meaningful in precision agriculture, especially in yield and production prediction. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Biomass
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Carbon - Crops - Food supply - Landforms - Linear regression - Mean square error - Models - Multilayers - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Space optics - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Above ground biomass - Coefficient of determination - Multiple regression model - Normalized difference vegetation index - Precipitation characteristics - Soybean - Stepwise multiple regression - Terrain factors
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 656.1 Space Flight - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Surface_Density 1.13e-01kg/m2, Surface_Density 1.16e-01kg/m2, Surface_Density 4.70e-02kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20174304296604
Title:Design and test of walking sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vines crushing and returning machine
Authors:Wu, Teng (1); Hu, Lianglong (1); Wang, Gongpu (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Yan, Wei (1); Wang, Bing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Lianglong(hurxbb@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:8-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sweet potato is an important food crop and can also be used as raw material for foodstuffs, animal feed and raw materials for renewable energy. Furthermore, research shows that it has anti-cancer effects. As sweet potato vines are long and difficult to be separated. The vines cleaned up before sweet potatoes harvest has a great role in promoting to improve the quality of sweet potato and the sweet potato harvest efficiency. In order to alleviate the shortage of sweet potato vines crushing machine in the hilly areas of China, the walking sweet potato vines crushing machine was designed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the whole structure, we expatiated on the working principle of the sweet potato crushing machine, and analyzed the structure of key components such as crushed parts, anti-wear technology, ground lifting mechanism and transmission mechanism. Before the machine started to work, the ground clearance needed to be adjusted based on the width and height of the ridge. The high ground clearance leaded to the long stubble height and poor operating effect, but the low ground clearance leaded to damage the sweet potato and increase power consumption. Sweet potato vines breaking qualified rate, stubble height and damaging rate were the main indicators of evaluating sweet potato vines crushing machine. The Box-Benhnken central composite experimental design principle was used on the basis of single factor experiment to study the working parameters of walking sweet potato vines crushing machine. The cutter roller speed, the ground clearance and the distance between blades were taken as three factors which influenced the working quality, and a three-factor and three-level response surface experiment was conducted. The mathematical model of the response surface was established, and the influence of each factor on the machine quality of the operation was analyzed and optimized. The result showed that when the roller rotation speed was high, the ground clearance was small and there was a moderate distance between blades. As such, the overall impact trend of the vines breaking quality rate was high and the stubble heights was low. When the roller rotation speed was small, the ground clearance was high and there was a moderate distance between blades, and the overall impact trend of the rate of the damage was small. The experiment results also showed that the order of the factors affecting of the vines breaking quality rate was: roller rotation speed >ground clearance >distance between blades The order of the main factors affecting of the stubble heights was: ground clearance >roller rotation speed >distance between blades The order of the main factors affecting of the rate of the damage was: ground clearance >roller rotation speed >distance between blades. In 2016, a three-time repeated test for verifying the exactness of the model was conducted on the Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture of Baima testing site. The field test showed that the optimum parameters were: 1950 r/min for the rotation speed, 25 mm for the ground clearance and 40 mm for the distance between blades, 94.88% for the rate of vines breaking qualified rate, 47.08 mm for the stubble heights, and 0.23% for the rate of damage. By comparing the mathematical model and the experimental result, the error was less than 5%, which meant that the model established was reliable and could be used for optimization. The results can provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of the operating parameters of the walking sweet potato vines crushing machine. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Structural design
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Crushing - Design - Design of experiments - Machine components - Machine design - Optimization - Rollers (machine components) - Rotation - Speed - Structural optimization - Surface properties - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Design and optimization - Operating parameters - Research institutes - Response surface methodology - Single-factor experiments - Sweet potato - Transmission mechanisms
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.30e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.49e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.95e+03RPM, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 4.71e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20174304296640
Title:Selection of cutting machine on removing fouling organisms on abalone shellfish and technological parameter optimization
Authors:Xu, Wenqi (1); Ni, Jin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, National R&D Branch Center For Aquatic Product Processing Equipment, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:293-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Abalone is a main commercial shellfish in China. Fouling organisms such as Hydroides, Balanus and Ostrea plicatula are harmful for shellfish cultivation. It's common to see lots of fouling organisms adhering on abalone shellfish in Fujian cultivation areas. Fouling organisms will increase the burden and make activities and feeding of abalone hard. The breathing holes are blocked by fouling organisms, which is another danger and may cause abalone suffocation. In this study removal technology was researched to keep the growth of abalone well. We know electric machines such as milling machine, electric motor saw and grinding machine have a certain value in use and the method could be used on removing fouling organisms. In order to verify the optimal machine and improve the removal process, the research focused on the impacts of removal method by machine and its parameters. Survival rate was one of the most important indices for the evaluation of removal processing, and removal speed was the other. The quality of removed shellfish of abalone needed to be judged by sensory evaluation. The comprehensive point was based on shellfish integrity, fouling organisms remained and abalone vitality. Hand held milling machine, electric motor saw and grinding machine were tested separately to remove the fouling organisms. The effects of different machines on removal speed and survival rate were compared, and the effects of different machines on sensory evaluation standard of abalone were analyzed simultaneously to select the optimal machine on removal. Then, the selected machine was tested to make follow-up testing. Different rotary files with the diameter of 6 mm (cylindrical round head, conical round head and conical tip) and different rotating speeds (17 000, 20 000, 23 000, 26 000 and 30 000 r/min) were tested respectively to get the optimal parameters. The results indicated that the optimal machine is hand held milling machine because it could provide stable performance of removal and keep a high survival rate. Although the fouling organisms were removed quickly and thoroughly by grinding machine, the survival rate of abalone was declined significantly after removing. The removal speeds of electric motor saw and hand held milling machine were very close. The score of fouling organisms remained increased significantly because the fouling organisms in the shellfish ditch were removed completely by milling machine with conical round head file. When the milling machine rotating speed was at 20 000-30 000 r/min, the removal speed increased significantly. The temperature of abalone was on the rise when the rotating speed was higher than 23 000 r/min, but the abalone vitality declined quickly with the increasing of the temperature of abalone. Through the test of using the optimal machine to remove fouling organisms, the optimal combination of the parameters above was obtained, which are using hand held milling machine with 6 mm diameter conical round head file, and its rotating speed is 20 000 r/min. Under this condition, the removal speed is 72.69 fouling organisms per minute, the survival rate is 98.87%, and the score of shellfish integrity, fouling organisms remained and abalone vitality is respectively 9.85, 9.72 and 9.81. The study provides reference for application of removal technology of fouling organisms on abalone shellfish. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Shellfish
Controlled terms:Biology - Electric motors - Fouling - Grinding (machining) - Grinding machines - Machinery - Milling (machining) - Milling machines - Optimization - Quality control - Removal - Rotating machinery - Sawing - Sensory analysis - Speed - Technology
Uncontrolled terms:Abalone - Evaluation standard - Fouling organisms - Optimal combination - Optimal parameter - Removal process - Stable performance - Technological parameter optimization
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 604.2 Machining Operations - 705.3 Electric Motors - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.89e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+04RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+04RPM to 3.00e+04RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.30e+04RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.60e+04RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+04RPM, Size 6.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20174304296639
Title:Collision injury assessment of mechanical harvesting blueberry fruit based on collision deformation energy
Authors:Bao, Yudong (1); Yang, Chuang (1); Zhao, Yangling (1); Liu, Xianli (1); Guo, Yanling (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin; 150080, China; (2) College of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:283-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The blueberry belongs to small berry. Mechanical harvesting is the most effective way, but the falling and collision of the blueberries cannot be avoided. As a result the quality of the blueberries cannot be guaranteed. Even though the appearance of the fruit has not any obvious change, the inner of the fruit may be injured. In order to reduce the collision injury degree of the fruit in the process of harvesting, the collision characteristics of the blueberry fruit are researched based on the principle of the fruit energy balance. The highbush blueberry fruit is seriously damaged during mechanical harvesting, so it is selected to be analyzed. The geometric and mechanical parameters are obtained by measurement. The quasi static compression test of the fruit is conducted, and the compression deformation energy is analyzed. The deformation energy makes the fruit injured. An evaluation method of blueberry injury degree is proposed, and the injury degree can be determined according to the quantity of the deformation energy. The mechanical injury evaluation criterion of the fruit is obtained. The kinematics analysis of the fruit in the process of falling and collision is conducted based on the principle of mechanical harvesting. The maximum mechanical energy loss happens in the process of the first collision, which is transformed into the deformation energy. The equation of mechanical energy loss is obtained. The influence factors on the mechanical energy loss are the tilt angle of collecting plate of the harvester, the falling height and the mass of the fruit. The contact and collision between the collecting plate and the fruit is analyzed based on the Hertz theory. The deformation calculation is carried out, and the deformation of the fruit at normal direction can be obtained. Once the deformation value of the fruit is determined, the deformation energy can be determined. An orthogonal test scheme of fruit collision is designed. Three test factors, i.e. the tilt angle of collecting plate, the falling height and the mass of the fruit, are selected. Each factor has 3 levels. The finite element model of the blueberry fruit is established. Through the collision simulation with the model, the stress and strain data of the contact area are obtained. According to the deformation calculation equation, the theoretical values of collision deformation are acquired. And the theoretical values of the deformation energy are obtained. The sequence of the influence factors from high to low is the falling height, the title angle of the collecting plate and the mass of the fruit. To verify the correctness of the analysis result, a falling and collision test-bed of the blueberry is established. The collision test parameters are designed, through which the deformation energy values are obtained. The deformation energy values are nearly consistent with the theoretical values. The error between them is 0.49×10<sup>-3</sup>J. The correctness and feasibility of the analysis of blueberry collision injury based on the energy method are verified. The installation and use parameters of the blueberry harvester are obtained. When the harvester satisfies the condition that the fruit concentration area of the blueberry tree is 600 mm from the collecting plate and the tilt angle of collecting plate is 15°, the deformation energy is less then 0.68×10<sup>-3</sup>J and the number of fruit injured is the least. The research results have certain guiding significance and reference value for the design and use of the harvesting device of the blueberry harvesters. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Compression testing - Deformation - Energy dissipation - Finite element method - Harvesters - Harvesting - Kinematics - Models - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Blueberry - Collision - Compression deformation - Deformation calculation - Deformation energy - Injury - Mechanical energy loss - Quasi-static compression
Classification code:525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20174304296619
Title:Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission characteristics of greenhouse celery field under aerated irrigation
Authors:Du, Yadan (1, 2); Zhang, Qian (1, 2); Cui, Bingjing (1, 2); Gu, Xiaobo (1); Niu, Wenquan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Institution of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Wenquan(nwq@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The global warming potential of nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) is 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>), and N<inf>2</inf>O degrades stratospheric ozone. Agriculture N<inf>2</inf>O emission accounts for 59% of anthropogenic N<inf>2</inf>O emission. Microbial nitrification and denitrification are the major pathways of N<inf>2</inf>O production in soils. Synthetic fertilizers application in China is still the main way in agricultural production, so the increase of N<inf>2</inf>O emissions might be inevitable. The annual synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer consumption in China increased from 9.34×10<sup>6</sup>t in 1980 to 22.97×10<sup>6</sup>t in 2009, and it accounted for more than one fifth of the total world consumption in 2007. The harvest area of vegetable crops rose from 9.5×10<sup>6</sup>hm<sup>2</sup>in 1995 to 18.4×10<sup>6</sup>hm<sup>2</sup>in 2010 in China and is still increasing. The fertilization rate for vegetable crops in China was 628.05 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, nearly 2 times that for cereal crops (314.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) in 2006, of which N fertilizer occupied the largest share. The rough estimation showed that N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from vegetable fields accounted for 20% of the total direct N<inf>2</inf>O emission and N emission accounted for 17% of total N consumption nationally. Besides, agricultural practices such as irrigation and aeration potentially affect N<inf>2</inf>O emission from soils through influencing soil physical and chemical characteristics to constrain soil microbial processes. However, the microbial pathways of N<inf>2</inf>O production after N application and irrigation input in aerated condition are not well known. In order to reveal the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission characteristics under aerated irrigation, and further put forward effective reduction measures, a field experiment with celery was conducted in greenhouse in Yangling District of Shaanxi Province. The experiment adopted 2 irrigation levels (I1: full irrigation, 1.0 Ep; I2: deficit irrigation, 0.75 Ep. Ep is the cumulative evaporation from a 20 cm diameter pan between 2 irrigations) and 4 N levels (N0: 0 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>; N150: 150 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>; N200: 200 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>; N250: 250 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>), and 8 treatments in total. In the present study, the effects of irrigation levels, nitrogen application amount, soil temperature and moisture, quantities of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria on soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission were also analyzed. The results showed that the N<inf>2</inf>O emission from the full irrigation treatment was significantly higher than the deficit irrigation treatment. Nitrogen increased the cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emission significantly under the same irrigation level. The cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emissions of N150, N200 and N250 treatments were 2.30, 4.14 and 7.15 times that of N0 treatment in the whole growing season of celery, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the significant exponential relationships existed between soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission and soil temperature, water filled pore space (WFPS%), and nitrate content. And the significant positive relationship was observed between soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission and nitrifier and denitrifier. There was no relationship between soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission and soil ammonium content. Irrigation and fertilization were contributed to the improvement of crop yield, but the soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission was also significantly increased. Therefore, the combination of N application amount of 150 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>and deficit irrigation was the best coupled mode of water and nitrogen to increase celery yield and reduce N<inf>2</inf>O emission among the 4 treatments. It should be heavily emphasized in future in the Northwest China. The results can provide valuable information for the selection of water-saving and nitrogen-saving method in Northwestern region. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bacteria - Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Crops - Denitrification - Emission control - Fertilizers - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Nitrification - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nitrogen oxides - Ozone layer - Soils - Temperature - Vegetables - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural practices - Agricultural productions - Denitrifying bacteria - Emission characteristics - Global warming potential - Nitrification and denitrification - Physical and chemical characteristics - Water-filled pore space
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20174304296637
Title:Design and experiment of large-scale 5HFS-10 type automatic control negative pressure grain dryer
Authors:Che, Gang (1); Chen, Wudong (2); Wu, Chunsheng (2); Li, Hailong (1); Jin, Zhongbo (1); Wan, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (2) Heilongjiang Research Centre for Industry of Agriculture and Sideline Product Processing Machinery, Jiamusi; 154004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:267-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Large-scale grain drying technology has a nearly 50 years of development history in China. There are concurrent flow dryer, countercurrent dryer, cross flow dryer and mixed flow dryer, which meet the actual needs in various fields. But compared with the similar foreign products, there are many defects on our grain dryer, such as low manufacturing technology, low level of automation and high energy consumption. The co-current flow dryer has the characteristics of dry uniformity, low unit heat consumption and high productivity. But there are some defects, such as poor control of drying quality, high cost of drying and environmental pollution. These shortcomings are not conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural production and ecological environment. Therefore, from the perspectives of the structure and the process of the high temperature grain dryer, combining energy saving with conservation of grain quality is the key to the development of modern grain drying technology. Generally, the form of air supply in large-scale grain dryer is positive pressure, with easy maintenance and adjustment. The negative pressure air supply technology is only used for small cycle dryers. In this paper, the negative pressure technology in the large-scale grain drying system was applied for the first time. Negative pressure drying can effectively solve the internal control problems of the drying process based on the theory of micro pressure. Negative pressure is beneficial to collect the grain dust, create excellent production environment and realize safe production. The losses of static pressure and dynamic pressure are relatively small in the process of negative pressure drying, and this technology can reduce power consumption, and is easier to realize intelligent control of air volume and air medium parameters. In order to reduce primary energy consumption and improve corn drying process capacity, combined with grain drying characteristics in cold region, 5HFS-10 type negative pressure grain dryer was designed based on the principle of negative pressure drying. This drying technology combined the multi-stage concurrent flow and countercurrent flow, and a set of advanced structure and control system were applied in this drier. The parallel dilated fan was combined with variable diameter cornute duct, the cold air quota regulation agencies were coordinated, online work parameters were real-time collected with multi sensors, the adaptive control system was adopted, and all of these completed the intelligent quality-guaranteeing drying production of the staple food crop. In this paper the calculation of drying parameters and structure parameters was carried out providing the theory basis for the comprehensive evaluation and the design of negative pressure dryer. Production test shows that the machine's work performance is good, its energy saving is significant, and it has good drying quality, unit mass of low cost, high degree of automation, and so on. The deviation of the moisture of discharged grain is less than ±0.5% w.b. Compared with the traditional positive pressure air supply dryer, this dryer saves the power by more than 20%, and reduces the production cost by more than 12%. The operating performance can perfectly meet the requirements of farm drying and large-scale drying technique. It provides the theoretical basis for the development of energy-saving intelligent grain dryer. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Adaptive control systems - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Automation - Concurrency control - Control - Control systems - Control theory - Costs - Crops - Defects - Design - Dryers (equipment) - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Machine design - Pollution control - Process control - Quality control - Structural design - Sustainable development - Thermal processing (foods)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive evaluation - Ecological environments - Environmental pollutions - High energy consumption - Manufacturing technologies - Negative pressures - Primary energy consumption
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Age 5.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20174304296622
Title:Estimation of drip irrigated summer maize soil water content and evapotranspiration based on SIMDualKc model
Authors:Yan, Shicheng (1); Zhang, Fucang (1); Wu, You (1); Qiang, Shengcai (1); Zou, Haiyang (1); Xiang, Youzhen (1); Fan, Junliang (1); Tian, Jianke (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fucang(zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:152-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate estimation of soil evaporation, crop transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), and the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration are critical for the precise water management in areas with scarce water resources. This study aimed to evaluate the SIMDualKc model for ET estimation and partition in terms of accuracy in summer maize under drip irrigation. A 2-year controlled drip irrigation experiment was conducted in the summer maize field in semi-arid regions of northwest China. This drip irrigation experiment included 3 water-supply levels (i.e., normal irrigation, W1; moderate deficit, W2; and medium deficit, W3). The measured soil water content for W2 treatment was selected for parameter calibration in SIMDualKc model, while the measured soil water content for W1 and W3 treatments were used for model validation. Based on those, the parameters such as transpiration, soil evaporation, ET and soil water stress coefficient for each treatment were simulated and analyzed. The results showed a good agreement in the measured soil water content and the simulated values from SIMDualKc model, with R<sup>2</sup>> 0.88 and normalized root mean square error smaller than 5%, which indicated that the SIMDualKc model was suitable for describing the dynamic changes of soil water content in this experiment. The values of basal crop coefficient for summer maize at the initial-, mid-, and late-season growth stages was 0.15, 1.13, and 0.2, respectively. Furthermore, the SIMDualKc model exhibited a high accuracy in estimating soil water stress coefficient, transpiration and soil evaporation during the whole growth stage of summer maize for all the treatments, but it overestimated soil water stress coefficient before the seed emergence. Soil evaporation mainly occurred in the early growth stage. While for transpiration, it was mainly in the rapid growth period and middle growth period. It increased and then decreased in the whole growth, peaking at the development and mid-season stages. Evapotranspiration varied with changes in the soil evaporation and crop transpiration, which was mainly affected by soil evaporation at the initial stage, and by crop transpiration at the development, mid-season and later stages. Specifically, values of soil evaporation, transpiration, ET, and the ratio of soil evaporation to ET for W1-W3 were 78.1-100.2 mm, 221.8-293.3 mm, 299.3-383.0 mm, and 24.1%-28.7%, respectively. Besides, values of soil evaporation, transpiration and ET had a downward trend with the decrease in water supply amount. Compared with the W1, the W2 and W3 declined on average by 3.74%-21.7%, while the ratio of soil evaporation to ET increased with the decrease in water supply amount. The W2 and W3 treatments increased by 11.1% and 3.8% as compared to W1 during the 2 growing seasons. This study can provide a basis for the establishment of reasonable drip irrigation scheduling and irrigation decision-making for summer maize in the semi-arid regions of northwest China. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Evapotranspiration
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Binary alloys - Crops - Decision making - Evaporation - Irrigation - Mean square error - Soil moisture - Soils - Stresses - Transpiration - Tungsten alloys - Water content - Water management - Water resources - Water supply - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Basal crop coefficients - Crop transpirations - Drip irrigation - Parameter calibration - Root mean square errors - Soil water content - Soil water stress coefficients - Summer maize
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 543.5 Tungsten and Alloys - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01% to 2.87e+01%, Percentage 3.74e+00% to 2.17e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Size 2.22e-01m to 2.93e-01m, Size 2.99e-01m to 3.83e-01m, Size 7.81e-02m to 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20174304296605
Title:Simulation and test on performance of soil-cassava jitter separation device of cassava harvester
Authors:Yang, Wang (1); Zhang, Xuzi (1); Yang, Jian (1); Zheng, Xian (1); Liao, Li (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (2) Department of Electro-machinery Engineering, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning; 530007, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Jian(yangokok@gxu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:18-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to obtain the soil-cassava separating mechanism and the effect laws of different factors on soil-cassava separating performance of spring type soil-cassava jitter separation device when the cassava tubers were lifted by cassava harvester, as well as the optimal values of factors, dynamics simulation model of soil-cassava jitter separation device system and regression mathematical model of separating performance of the device were established by using coupling method of FEM (finite element method) and SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) and quadratic regression general rotation design method. The soil-cassava separating performance of spring type soil-cassava jitter separation device was studied. The effects of the length of long hole, spring stiffness and spring pre-tightening force on the soil-cassava separating cleanliness and the collision force between hanging scroll of spring below and long hole of sleeve above were discovered, respectively. Then, the influence factors of soil-cassava separating performance were optimized by using the fmincon function in the optimization toolbox of MATLAB software. Thus, the optimal combination of factors was obtained and the optimization result was verified by cassava tuber lifting experiment in the field. When the separation device was used in the field experiment, the average quality of the tuber-soil mixture was 5.835 kg, and the average quality of the residual soil on the tubers was 0.794 kg. When the separation device was not used in the field experiment, the average quality of the tuber-soil mixture was 7.998 kg, and the average quality of the residual soil on the tubers was 2.627 kg. The average clean degree in field experiment was 0.698. The results show that the regression mathematical models of soil-cassava separation performance are significant at 0.002 level. The regression coefficients are significant at the level from 0.001 to 0.028. The regression mathematical models are highly significant, which can be used in the study of soil-cassava separation performance of spring type soil-cassava jitter separation device. When the separation of the soil and the tuber-soil mixture nearly occurs, the spring tensile force is greater than the sum of the force binding tubers with soil and the gravity of the tuber-soil mixture, and the spring is contracted. The hanging scroll of spring below and the lower end of the long hole of sleeve above are separated. The cassava tubers are driven by the contraction of the spring, which results in dithering of soil and softening of the tuber-soil mixture. After the separation of the soil and the tuber-soil mixture, the spring rebounds under the function of the spring restoring force, and the contact collision occurs between the hanging scroll of the spring below and the top of the long hole of sleeve above, which results in the vibration of the tuber-soil mixture. The soils of the tuber-soil mixture become looser. Finally, the soils fall to ground, and the soil and the tubers are separated. With the increasing of the length of the long hole, cleaning degree and collision force are changing along a parabola pattern with a downward opening. With the increasing of spring stiffness, cleaning degree increases. With the increasing of spring stiffness, collision force decreases. With the increasing of spring pre-tightening force, cleaning degree and collision force increase. The optimal combination of factors is as follows: The length of the long hole is 2.68 cm, the spring stiffness is 20.04 kN/cm and the spring pre-tightening force is 335.2 N. And the corresponding cleaning degree and the collision force are 0.778 and 320 N, respectively. The relative error of cleanliness is about 10% compared with the results of field experiment. Optimization result of the factors is reasonable, which can be the design basis of the spring type soil-cassava jitter separation device. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Finite element method - Harvesters - Hydrodynamics - Jitter - Machinery - MATLAB - Mechanization - Mixtures - Models - Optimization - Plants (botany) - Regression analysis - Separation - Soils - Stiffness - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:FEM (finite element method) - Optimization toolbox - Regression coefficient - Separation devices - Separation performance - Simulation tests - Smoothed particle hydrodynamics - Spring pre-tightening forces
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 3.20e+02N, Force 3.35e+02N, Force 7.78e-01N, Mass 2.63e+00kg, Mass 5.83e+00kg, Mass 7.94e-01kg, Mass 8.00e+00kg, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 2.68e-02m, Surface_Tension 2.00e+02N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20174304296632
Title:Experiment on effects of microporous diffuser types on aeration oxygenation performance
Authors:Cheng, Xiangju (1, 2); Xie, Yuning (1); Zhu, Dantong (1); Li, Ran (2); Xie, Jun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineer and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510641, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Chengdu; 610065, China; (3) Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou; 510380, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:226-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In lakes, reservoirs, rivers, estuaries, aquaculture ponds and sewage treatment plants where the dissolved oxygen concentration needs to be increased, aerator is the most important oxygen equipment to maintain the dynamic balance of dissolved oxygen. Among different kinds of aeration facilities, the microporous aeration aerator has been more widely used, because of its large ventilation capacity, strong oxygenation capacity, energy saving and environmental protection, easy installation and strong adaptability. There are many factors that affect the aeration performance of microporous aeration aerator, mainly including external factors and self factors. The microporous aeration aerator uses a microporous aeration tube as its diffuser, but the current study of the effect of the type of the diffuser on the aeration performance of the microporous aeration aerator is almost blank. And conventionally, the microporous diffuser always uses disc-type, but this way is empirically and even blindly adopted. Therefore, in order to explore the effect of the microporous diffuser with different shapes on the oxygenation performance, a series of oxygenation experiments were carried out under different types of air diffuser rolled up by a same length (1.1 m) of aeration tube in laboratory. The type of the microporous diffuser was the main influence factor. The types were linear-type, C-type, S-type and disc-type. The experimental apparatus mainly included glass tank, microporous aeration system, dissolved oxygen meter and computer. The size of the glass tank was 2 m × 0.8 m × 0.8 m (length × width × height). The test was based on the standard test method for oxygen from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in different water depth and air flow. The air flow rate was set as 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 m<sup>3</sup>/h and the water depth was set as 0.4, 0.55, and 0.7 m. The results show that, under the same water depth and air flow rate, the oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient, standard oxygen transfer rate, standard aeration efficiency and standard oxygen transfer efficiency of the linear-type microporous aeration diffuser are the highest. In the 0.7 m water depth, the ranges of the 4 technical indices are 0.853-1.762 h<sup>-1</sup>, 8.701-17.432 g/h, 4.146-6.869 kg/(kW·h), and 3.257%-4.912%, respectively, while the S-type is the lowest, and the range values are 0.798-1.504 h<sup>-1</sup>, 6.850-12.627 g/h, 2.630-4.444 kg/(kW·h), and 2.339%-3.823%, respectively. Between the linear-type and S-type microporous aeration diffuser are the C-type and disc-type. The same law is also obtained at another depth of water. It meant that the oxygenation performance of linear-type was the best, while the lowest one was the S-type microporous aeration diffuser. It could be known that it is not the best for the oxygenation effect of the disc-type microporous diffuser, which we have chosen empirically. After the film was covered on the top of tank to cut off the air-free water surface oxygen mass transfer, the values of oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficients of these 4 types of diffusers were decreased and the degree of descent was different, and the largest decline rates were 12.29%, 8.73%, 12.26% and 6.74%, respectively. So, the influence degree of air-free water surface oxygen transfer on different diffuser types is different. But the best oxygenation effect occurred still under linear-type microporous aeration diffuser, followed by the C-type and disc-type, and the S-type is still the lowest one. And the values of oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficients in 0.7 m water depth of linear-type microporous aeration diffuser, C-type and disc-type and S-type are 1.693, 1.470, 1.438 and 1.227 h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Therefore, oxygen performance of linear-type microporous aeration diffuser is the best. Based on these conclusions, for the shallow water to oxygenate, the linear-type microporous aeration diffuser is the first to use as aeration equipment, which provides a certain reference value for us in the practical selection of microporous diffuser shape. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sewage aeration
Controlled terms:Air - Biochemical oxygen demand - Diffusers (fluid) - Dissolution - Dissolved oxygen - Energy conservation - Glass - Mass transfer - Microporosity - Oxygen - Oxygenation - Reservoirs (water) - Salinity measurement - Sewage treatment - Sewage treatment plants - Tanks (containers) - Testing - Volumetric analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Aeration efficiencies - American Society of Civil Engineers - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Energy saving and environmental protection - Microporous - Oxygen transfer rate - Standard oxygen transfer efficiencies - Volumetric mass transfer coefficient
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 619.2 Tanks - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 812.3 Glass - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.90e-06kg/s to 3.51e-06kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.42e-06kg/s to 4.84e-06kg/s, Percentage 1.23e+01%, Percentage 2.34e+00% to 3.82e+00%, Percentage 3.26e+00% to 4.91e+00%, Percentage 6.74e+00%, Percentage 8.73e+00%, Size 1.10e+00m, Size 7.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20174304296617
Title:HYDRUS simulation and verification of canal leakage and its influencing factors analysis
Authors:Fu, Qiang (1); Li, Yue (1); Li, Tianxiao (1); Cui, Song (1); Liu, Dong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:112-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Canal leakage is the main factor affecting the efficiency of irrigation water. In this paper, the main factors of canal leakage (referring to infiltration) were analyzed and numerical analysis was carried out. In order to obtain the main factors that affected canal leakage, the indoor leakage simulation experiment was carried out. The experimental site was located in Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin(126°45′32″E, 45°44′41″N). The test case was made of Plexiglas material, with the size 60 cm ×20 cm×110 cm (length×width×height). Mariotte flask was used to ensure water supply and its diameter was 20 cm and the height was 80 cm. A total of 15 treatments with 3 replicates were conducted. During the experiment, the cumulative infiltration and wet front migration distance of each experiment were recorded. In addition, the soil water characteristic curve of the soil samples was tested and the relevant parameters in the VG model were fitted. The parameters of the fitting and the saturated hydraulic conductivity measured by the ring knife method were input into the HYDRUS-2D software to solve the soil water movement model under the experimental conditions, and the simulate values were obtained. The error analysis of the simulated and measured values was carried out. The root mean square error and the determination coefficient of each experiment were calculated. The results showed that the model was reasonable with the root mean square error of 0.43-4.99 L and the R<sup>2</sup>higher than 0.9, and the model could simulate the soil water movement process under the experimental conditions. Based on the measured and simulated values, the influence of the 3 factors on the canal leakage and the influence of these factors on the infiltration process were analyzed. The influence of the slope coefficient on the infiltration process was weak and its influence on the infiltration process could be ignored. Two-way analysis of variance was performed in order to analyze the influence of canal base width and infiltration head and its interaction on cumulative infiltration and wetting front migration distance. The results showed that the statistic value of the canal base width was 55.62 for the cumulative infiltration, 59.46 for the horizontal distance of wet front migration, and 7.42 for the vertical distance. All the 3 statistic values were greater than the critical value of 4.78 under the significance level of 0.01. It indicated that the canal base width had a significant impact on the cumulative infiltration and the wetting front migration distance. The statistic value of the infiltration head at the cumulative infiltration was 2.612, the statistic value of the horizontal distance of wet front migration was 19.14, and the vertical distance was 3.00. The infiltration head had a significant effect on the horizontal distance. The statistic values of the effects of canal width and infiltration head on the cumulative infiltration and the horizontal and vertical distance were 0.30, 0.15 and 0.004, respectively. They were less than the critical value of 3.47, indicating that there was no significant interaction between the canal width and infiltration head (P>0.05). The results of the study can provide technical support for improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water from the aspect of canal seepage control. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Canals - Efficiency - Errors - Factor analysis - Hydraulic conductivity - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Leakage (fluid) - Mean square error - Numerical analysis - Soil moisture - Soils - Statistics - Water - Water supply - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative infiltrations - Determination coefficients - Experimental conditions - HYDRUS-2D - Influencing factors analysis - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil-water characteristic curve - Wetting fronts
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m, Volume 4.30e-04m3 to 4.99e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20174304296642
Title:Effects of pressure-transform tumbling assisted by ultrasound on protein structure and water content of chicken
Authors:Li, Peng (1); Wang, Hongti (2); Sun, Jingxin (1); Feng, Ting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Jingxin(jxsun20000@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Curing has important functions in meat products, which contributes positively to the structural and sensory characteristics of the meat. By various curing methods, a wide variety of cured meat products are produced. Considering the processing time or the weight ratio of brine to meat needed to obtain a product with better characteristics from a sensorial or a structural point of view, neither scientists nor manufacturers came to a similar standpoint. Nowadays, to some extent, reducing curing time and improving the curing operations may be achieved through tumbling or other methods. From a production perspective, fast tumbling can shorten processing time and is favorable, but it can lead to more heat production and products of poor quality. Ultrasound is a novel processing technology which may accelerate mass transfer through the mechanism of cavitation in meat tissue. Ultrasound is also favorable from an eating point of view since it results in more tender and juicy meat. In order to explore novel curing processing for shortening curing time and improving product quality, we assessed the effects of pressure-transform tumbling curing assisted with ultrasound (PTU) technique on the protein secondary structures, moisture distribution and microstructure of chicken. For this purpose, fresh chicken breasts were selected (50±1 g, 5 cm × 5 cm × 2 cm) and treated at 4℃ for 100 min with one of the 3 following curing treatments: (1) static brining, (2) vacuum tumbling (VT) (rotation speed of 16 revolutions per minute, 0.08 MPa, 100 min, 15 minutes of continual work and then 5 minutes of resting period), or (3) pressure-transform tumbling assisted with ultrasound (40 kHz, 140 W; parameter setting was consistent with the VT curing, and the only difference was the ultrasound treatment of the meat samples carried out by activating ultrasonic probe during the resting period). The ratio of meat weight to brine weight was 100: 30 (g/mL) for all treatments. The brine solution was composed of 2% NaCl, 0.3% compound phosphates, 250 mg/kg sodium ascorbate and 150 mg/kg sodium nitrite (relative to meat weigh). The results showed that the proportion of α-helix was reduced greatly (P<0.05), and the amount of β-sheet and β-turn were increased (P<0.05) after PTU treatment. The LF-NMR (low-field nuclear magnetic resonance) data indicated that the transverse relaxation time of the bound water (T<inf>21</inf>) and immobilized water (T<inf>22</inf>) was clearly reduced by PTU compared with VT and static brining. Moreover, the proportion of peak area of T<inf>21</inf>was significantly increased (P<0.05) for PTU treatment, which indicated that the water molecules were combined with protein more tightly and part of free water was turned into immobilized water. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) showed that PTU could result in severe degradation of myofibril and larger distance between muscle fibers compared to static brined or VT samples. Based on this study one can conclude that PTU treatment can serve as a useful alternative to tumbling for improving curing in meat tissue as well as enhancing water-holding capacity and textural properties. The research provides a theoretic basis and practical application reference for the PTU technology in the meat industry and related equipment design. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Curing
Controlled terms:Animals - Brining - Mass transfer - Meats - Microstructure - Moisture - Molecules - Nanocomposites - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Proteins - Scanning electron microscopy - Sodium - Tissue - Transmission electron microscopy - Ultrasonic applications
Uncontrolled terms:Chicken - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance - Moisture distribution - Protein secondary structure - Revolutions per minutes - Sensory characteristics - Transverse relaxation time - Water holding capacity
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 761 Nanotechnology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 4.00e+04Hz, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Pressure 8.00e+04Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.60e+01RPM, Size 2.00e-02m, Time 3.00e+02s, Time 6.00e+03s, Time 9.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20174304296638
Title:Design and test of vacuum suction device for egg embryo activity sorting robot
Authors:Huang, Chao (1, 2); Liu, Yancong (1); Yi, Peng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao; 266580, China; (2) College of Electrical Engineering Binzhou University, Binzhou; 256600, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yancong(liuycupc@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:276-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are problems such as egg embryo falling and embryo aspiration in the sorting process of the 168-egg tray automatic sorting devices. In order to solve these problems, combined with the existing egg embryo sorting technology in China and abroad, we take the vacuum generator with negative pressure control as the core to design a vacuum chuck with independent negative control circuits. Based on the theoretical analysis of airflow fields during the process of holding egg embryo, the levitation force of the egg embryo and the suction cup is compared with the negative pressure suction at the time of contact, and the suction cup is optimized. At the time of holding, the sucker can be a good coupling with the egg embryo, so as to reduce the suction negative pressure. Meanwhile, the influencing factors of the vacuum sucker airflow field, such as the relationship between the length of the negative pressure trachea and the response time of the negative pressure, the performance of the vacuum generator, the shape of the sucker, the force of suction, the capacity of the accumulator and the amount of negative pressure, are analyzed theoretically and tested, thus allowing to optimize the control mode of the gas path. Through the analysis of the airflow field, the high pressure accumulator is used to drive the vacuum generator to provide negative pressure, and each sucker is controlled independently. The negative pressure balance of the vacuum sucker is achieved by using single point negative pressure generation and single point control. This method eliminates the negative pressure difference between the pipelines caused by the centralized negative pressure supply of the vacuum pumps, and it also prevents the egg embryo from falling and the leakage phenomenon caused by negative pressure unloading near the negative pressure pipeline when a pipe leaks. The vacuum generator's independent circuit for the control of negative pressure also limits the negative pressure, thus reducing the negative pressure circuit's negative pressure fluctuations, improving the reliability of the system support, and also solving the problem of embryo aspiration caused by an excessive negative partial pressure in the centralized negative pressure supply mode. Through the egg embryo holding kinetics, combined with the mobile control system requirements of the sucker device, the axial and radial forces required to suck the eggs are analyzed, and the pleated suction cup and the buffer rod of sucker are used, so the sucking disc and egg embryo can be well coupled before being sucked. It can also reduce the critical flow rate, so as to reduce the critical negative pressure of egg embryo. This solves the problem of germplasm aspiration during egg absorption, improves the dynamic response of the system, and reduces energy consumption. According to the analysis and design of the prototype, the egg sorting test and pressure supply performance verification of the negative pressure system are carried out. Each independent negative pressure circuit achieves a stable negative pressure supply, therefore reducing the amount of air consumption. The reliable embryo egg absorption rate is 99.89%, without any egg embryo falling nor embryo aspiration phenomenon. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Problem solving
Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Machine design - Machinery - Pipelines - Sorting - Unloading - Vaccines
Uncontrolled terms:Axial and radial forces - Egg embryos - Improvement - Mobile control systems - Negative pressure difference - Negative pressures - Supply performance - Vacuum generators
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.99e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20174304296625
Title:Change prediction approach and application effect for citrus fertilization and irrigation intelligent decision support system
Authors:Wang, Yi (1); Wang, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:174-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural information systems rely heavily on ontologies to realize intelligent and precision agricultural information services such as disease diagnosis and crop planting management. In the development of agricultural applications, due to the massive and cross domain knowledge required in the agricultural domain, it is impossible to develop applications after the completion of domain ontologies. Due to various reasons, ontologies are constantly modified, augmented, or evolved during the application development. Since ontologies are often tightly interwoven with applications, when changes occur in ontologies, the applications such as query services and decision support services that rely on them will be affected in different ways and may not function correctly. Therefore, it is important to provide mechanisms that fill the gap between ontology evolution management and the change management of knowledge based systems. In this paper, we proposed an approach to analyze and predict change impacts on user interface components when the underlying ontology is changed of its concepts. Our approach avoided the hard and error-prone task to analyze change impacts at the lower level, i.e., source code level. Instead, in our method, the change impact prediction was accomplished at the higher conceptual level. Specifically, we focused on the problem that when ontology concepts were changed, how to determine the affected user interface components of applications without diving into the source codes of the system. Our approach was based on constructing three matrices: the interface component dependency matrix, the ontology concept dependency matrix, and the ontology concept-user interface component correlation matrix, at the conceptual level. The interface component dependency matrix specified the direct reliance between interface components based on the shared interface variables of interface components. The ontology concept dependency matrix described the direct relationships between ontology concepts derived from domain ontology. The ontology concept-user interface component correlation matrix specified the direct dependencies between concepts and interface components. With the three matrices, we provided an algorithm to create the change impact propagation tree for each involved ontology concept. By treating the change impact propagation tree as a logical tree, we were able to calculate the change impact prediction probabilities for each concept and interface component. By setting appropriate prediction thresholds, we can obtain the predicted change impact results. To evaluate our approach of change prediction for interface components relating to ontology concepts, we applied the proposed method to the citrus fertilization and irrigation intelligent decision support system. The citrus decision support system was supported by a citrus fertilization and irrigation ontology, which contained 22 domain concepts. The decision support system had six user interface components. For each of the 22 concepts, we calculated the change impact probabilities for each of the six interface components by the change impact propagation trees. In addition, we obtained the actual data by analyzing the Java source codes of the citrus decision support systems. In order to compare the experiment data with the actual data, we set two empirical prediction thresholds, 5% and 10%, based on the existing related studies for filtering the experiment data. We applied two traditional statistic indicators, precision and recall, to evaluate the results. The final evaluation results showed that given the prediction threshold of 5%, the average precision of change impact prediction for the 22 concepts was 77% and the average recall was 98%. Given the threshold of 10%, the average precision of change impact prediction for the 22 concepts reached 85% and the average recall was 74%. There was a tradeoff between precision and recall, i.e., a higher precision indicated a lower recall. In our cases, the precision and recall rates for the both thresholds indicated satisfied results for our proposed change impact prediction approach. The proposed approach provides a feasible and effective solution to the challenging task of change management problem in agricultural information systems based on ontologies. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Decision support systems
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Artificial intelligence - Codes (symbols) - Computer programming languages - Diagnosis - Forecasting - Forestry - Information management - Information services - Information systems - Irrigation - Knowledge based systems - Management information systems - Matrix algebra - Ontology - Semantics - Software architecture - Systems analysis - Trees (mathematics) - User interfaces
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural information systems - Agricultural informations - Decision support services - Intelligent decision support systems - Ontology changes - Semantic ontology - Software change managements - User interface components
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 903 Information Science - 921.1 Algebra - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20174304296610
Title:Comparative experiment on profile variable rate spray and conventional air assisted spray in orchards
Authors:Li, Longlong (1); He, Xiongkui (1); Song, Jianli (1); Liu, Yang (1); Wang, Zhichong (1); Li, Jinyao (1); Jia, Xiaoming (2); Liu, Zhixiong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Hualing Feichi Information Technology CO., LTD, Beijing; 100000, China
Corresponding author:He, Xiongkui(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:56-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, most of air assisted orchard sprayers adopt the continuous spray operation method, resulting in significant loss of pesticides and contamination of the environment. In order to improve the automatic working performance of orchard sprayer, an automatic profiling orchard sprayer based on LiDAR (light detection and ranging) sensor was developed. Electromagnetic valve and brushless fan were adopted as actuators to control the flow rate and air volume based on the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. The flow rate and air flow could be controlled by the controller based on the canopy volume and leaf density. To explore the variable rate prototype's application effects, 2 conventional orchard sprayers with central fan were selected as reference sprayers for comparison in this paper. The first type was a conventional air blast sprayer (CABS), which was the most widely used in China; the second reference machinery was a directed air-jet sprayer (DAJS) equipped with a centrifugal fan and 4 individual air spouts on each side, connected to the air outlet by flexible ducts. DAJS had the multi-degree of freedom framework, and nozzle position could be adjusted according to canopy characteristics, and achieve the directional spraying. Through comparative field experiment on the performances of the 3 types of sprayers, the dominant factors controlling spraying quality, including liquid consumption, droplets deposition distribution in canopy, profiling spray effect, loss on ground and drift in air, were analyzed. The field experiments were conducted in an apple orchard in Beijing, a research farm belonging to the China Agricultural University. The trees' row spacing was 4 m × 2 m, the average height of trees (pruned) was 3.8 m, and the canopy diameter was 2.1 m. Tartrazine (2.5‰) was chosen as the tracer material and metallic screens (2.5 cm × 7.5 cm) with mylar cards (10 cm × 10 cm) were adopted to receive the droplets. Based on tree height, width and depth, each target tree was divided into sampling sections. In each section, metal wire screen was attached to the sampling sites. Nine mylar cards were placed on the ground under canopies and gaps between trees to evaluate deposition loss on the ground. To test the spray drift, a frame with metal wire screen was located on the row behind the tree at the far side of spraying. Fifty typical leaves were collected randomly from different parts of trees, and their surface area (one side only) was measured with a leaf area meter to determine the average surface area of leaves. The number of leaves was counted according to the layout of the sample collectors and combined with the average area; the average total leaf area per height section of 0.35 m was calculated. The point was to understand the leaf distribution to check the profiling spray effect. The results showed that compared to the other 2 conventional sprayers, variable rate sprayer application in the orchard saved up to 45.7% of the solution. Normalized deposition on the canopy using variable rate sprayer was higher than conventional application, which indicates that the electronic sprayer is more efficient than conventional sprayers. In case of CABS, deposition at the bottom parts was higher than the upper parts due to radial spray pattern. Deposition distribution for DAJS at different heights was similar, except the heights at the same level of spouts. Variable rate application followed an arc line, with the highest deposition in middle parts, which generally presented better profile modeling spray adaptive to leaf area distribution. Also, variable rate application could reduce off-target losses, with 23.2% and 42.7% reduction in the air and 67.4% and 58.8% reduction on the ground respectively compared with CABS and DAJS. The results of the comparative test and the analyses of the 3 types of sprayers, provide the basis for theoretical research and optimized design of plant protection equipment, and also offer the new method for research and development of precision application machinery. Moreover, the study provides better references for popularization and application of these kinds of sprayers. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Deposition - Drops - Fans - Farms - Fighter aircraft - Forestry - Machine design - Machinery - Nozzles - Optical radar - Orchards - Pesticides - Plants (botany) - Pulse width modulation - Quality control - Spraying - Ultrasonic devices - Voltage control
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative experiments - Deposition distribution - LIDAR (light detection and ranging) - Modeling sprays - Multi degree-of-freedom - Research and development - Variable rate application - Variable rate spraying
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 753.2 Ultrasonic Devices - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.32e+01%, Percentage 4.27e+01%, Percentage 4.57e+01%, Percentage 5.88e+01%, Percentage 6.74e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.10e+00m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 3.80e+00m, Size 7.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20174304296628
Title:Pig image segmentation method based on improved Graph Cut algorithm
Authors:Sun, Longqing (1); Li, Yue (1); Zou, Yuanbing (1); Li, Yiyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:196-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The breeding environment plays an important role in healthy growth and development of the pigs, and it is also a guarantee of the excellent traits. The growth of pig is the integrated result of their own traits and external environmental factors. For different environments, pigs will show different behaviors. It is found that the appropriate growth environment can be reflected by their degree of dispersion in the pens. When the environment is suitable, the pig group will lie down together. When the temperature is low, they will huddle together; and when the environmental temperature is high, the pigs will scatter around. Image segmentation is the important link to analyze pig behavior status based on computer vision technology, and pig image segmentation is an image representation that provides easy-to-understand and analysis for the behavior feature extraction, parameter measurement, image analysis, pattern recognition of individual pig. The accurate and effective image segmentation algorithm is for pig behavioral intelligent analysis, understanding and environmental intelligent decision. The traditional Graph Cut algorithm uses the energy function to compute all the pixels in the image, it takes a lot of time. It has the low segmentation efficiency and it cannot accurately segment specific pig. Aiming at the limitation of traditional Graph Cut algorithm and the characteristic of image itself, on the basis of the interactive watershed algorithm, in this paper, we proposed an interactive image segmentation method based on improved Graph Cut algorithm aiming at better use of interaction information provided by the user and effectively control of the number of super pixels. To some extent, the algorithm could also avoid the problems of over segmentation or under segmentation. The image was divided into regions based on the interactive watershed algorithm, and the foreground and background were specified. Each region block was regarded as the super pixel, the gray scale of super pixel was used as the vertex. Establish edges between adjacent vertices and the new network map was constructed instead of the traditional weighted graph. In order to reconstruct the energy function to complete the effective segmentation of the foreground and background, the maximum flow, and minimization cut algorithm were used to cut the image. Results of experiments showed that the method can effectively segment pig target, it had high segmentation quality and high efficiency. In this paper, the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were used as objective evaluation standard. The range of the PSNR was [30, 40] and the range of the SSIM was [0.9, 1] in this method, which was the most accurate segmentation algorithm in the shown segmentation algorithm. It indicated that two evaluation criterions were consistent with the subjective evaluation, and the stability and the reliability of this method were improved. The average time consumed in this algorithm was only 33.7% of in the traditional Graph Cut algorithm. It greatly improved the efficiency of segmentation, and it had highly robust for the segmentation of specific target pigs. The results of this paper can provide technical support for subsequent target identification, detection, tracking and monitoring, evaluation of external environments, such as alarms. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Function evaluation - Graphic methods - Image analysis - Image enhancement - Image processing - Mammals - Pattern recognition - Pixels - Signal to noise ratio - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Computer vision technology - Graph cut - Image segmentation algorithm - Improvement - Interactive image segmentation - Peak signal to noise ratio - Super pixels - Water-shed algorithm
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.37e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20174304296621
Title:Wavelet transformation coupled with CARS algorithm improving prediction accuracy of soil moisture content based on hyperspectral reflectance
Authors:Cai, Lianghong (1, 2); Ding, Jianli (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources & Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(2187736938@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:144-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rapid estimation of soil moisture content (SMC) is of great significance to precision agriculture in arid areas. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in the estimation of SMC due to that it's non-destructive and rapid, and has high spectral resolution characteristics. Meanwhile, there are a lot of factors, such as massive spectral data, and surface conditions, which might affect the spectra, increasing the difficulty in extracting the effective information, and reducing the prediction accuracy of SMC. Noise reduction must be considered in developing hyperspectral estimation models, but how to reduce noise while retaining as much useful information as possible needs investigation. As advanced spectral mining methods, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to solve this problem in this study. In the present study, a total of 39 soil samples at 0-20 cm depth were collected from the delta oasis in Xinjiang. The samples were brought back to the laboratory to be dried naturally, ground and passed through a screen with 2 mm hole, and then filled into the black boxes with 12 cm diameter and 1.8 cm depth, which were leveled at the rim with a spatula. Reflectance of soil samples was measured using ASD (analytical spectral devices) Fieldspec 3 Spectrometer in a dark room. We used the following steps to process soil reflectance: First, discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) was used to decompose the original spectra in 8 levels using db4 wavelet basis with MATLAB programming language. In order to select the maximum level of DWT, correlation coefficients between the SMC and the spectra of each level were computed. Secondly, the CARS was used to filter the redundant variables, the wavelength variables with better correlation with SMC were screened out and the characteristic wavelength variables of each decomposition level were superimposed as the optimal variable set. Thirdly, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to build the hyperspectral estimation models of SMC. And then, root mean square error of calibration set (RMSEC), determination coefficient of calibration set (R2 c), root mean square error of prediction set (RMSEP), determination coefficient of predicting set (R2 p) and relative prediction deviation (RPD) were used for accuracy assessment. The results showed that: 1) With the increase of the number of decomposed layers, the correlation between soil reflectance and SMC showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and L6 was the most significant band at 0.01 level. In general, the characteristic spectrum of L6 was denoised, and at the same time, the spectral detail was preserved to the maximum extent, so the maximum decomposition order of the wavelet was 6-order decomposition. 2) The characteristic wavelength variable of the characteristic spectrum was selected by coupling wavelet transform and CARS algorithm. However, if only the CARS selection result of the feature spectrum was taken into account, it was easy to ignore the water features of other characteristic spectra. Therefore, in this study, by adding the characteristic wavelength variables of each layer as the optimal set of variables, it contained 131 wavelength variables near the absorption band (450, 1 400, 1 900, 2 200 nm). 3) Compared with the full-band PLSR model, the accuracy of PLSR model of CARS preferred variables for each decomposition level was high, and the PLSR model of the optimal variable set had the highest accuracy and a better performance in predicting SMC in the study area (RMSEC=0.021, R2 c=0.721, RMSEP=0.028, R2 p=0.924, RPD=2.607). It is shown that the combination of wavelet transform and CARS algorithm makes it possible to remove the noise as much as possible and to remove the noise completely when the model is established, and at the same time, it can effectively remove the non-information variable and provide a new idea of the screening of the SMC spectral variable in this region. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Wavelet transforms
Controlled terms:Calibration - Coherent scattering - Discrete wavelet transforms - Filtration - Forecasting - Least squares approximations - MATLAB - Mean square error - Mining - Moisture - Moisture determination - Noise abatement - Railroad cars - Reflection - Remote sensing - Signal reconstruction - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Soils - Spectral resolution - Spectrum analysis - Wavelet decomposition
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical spectral devices - Determination coefficients - Discrete wavelet transformation - Hyperspectral remote sensing technology - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Root mean square error of calibrations - Root-mean-square error of predictions - Variable selection
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.20e-01m, Size 1.80e-02m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.20e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20174304296626
Title:Clustering routing algorithm based on farmland wireless sensor network
Authors:Jiang, Bing (1); Mao, Tian (1); Tang, Dawei (1); Wu, Zhijun (1); Han, Guangjie (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou; 213022, China; (2) Changzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Network and Environmental Perception, Changzhou; 213022, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:182-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the wireless sensor network node's energy is limited, how to effectively use the limited resources and the effective transmission of data becomes a hot topic. In order to extend the life cycle of farmland wireless sensor network and improve the packet delivery rate of sensor network, a wireless sensor network suitable for farmland information collection was constructed, and a hybrid clustering routing algorithm (HCRA) was proposed in this paper. Two classical algorithms, LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and HEED (hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering), were evaluated for their merit to extend life cycle of wireless sensors. In the LEACH algorithm, all cluster head nodes communicate directly with the sink nodes, so that energy consumption of the cluster head node far from the sink node was serious, and cannot guarantee the cluster head evenly distributed, which could make some cluster head nodes' energy consumption too large, affecting the network life cycle. The HEED algorithm, on the other hand, used the cluster head to communicate directly with the sink node, which consumed a lot of energy. Because the farmland information collection range was large, those two algorithms were not fully applicable to the wireless sensor network information gathering in farmland environment. Based on this evaluation and the principle of the HEED algorithm, we proposed a hybrid clustering routing algorithm (HCRA) for farmland information collection. In the proposed algorithm, the network model and the energy consumption models were described separately. In the network model, the monitoring area of the sensor network was abstracted as a circle area. Each node in the network had its own unique ID, and the location was not changed after the deployment was completed. All nodes were distributed evenly in the area. In the energy consumption model, the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network increased with the increase of the distance between the transmitting node and the receiving node, regardless of the power dissipation loss using the free space model or the multi-channel attenuation model. Besides, we also descried the HCRA algorithm in detail in this paper, including formation of cluster, cluster bidding and inter-cluster routing. The formation of the cluster was as follows: the center node sink was placed in the center position, and then from the sink node, taking r (the distance between layers and layers), 2r, 3r…as the radius, the entire circular area was divided into m flows. The entire area was divided into six parts, each of which was subdivided into small areas with equal area according to the number of layers. Each small area was a cluster in the wireless sensor network. The cluster head bidding process was as follows: the cluster head node was selected according to the heed algorithm, i.e., the cluster head was generated according to the initial probability of each node. When the cluster head was selected, other non-cluster head nodes joined the cluster selectively according to the collected information from the competition stage. The inter-cluster routing was the information transfer process between cluster heads, cluster head selected the next cluster head based on energy consumption. Finally, the proposed HCRA algorithm along with LEACH and HEED algorithm were simulated experimentally under the same conditions. The experimental results showed that the HCRA algorithm had 28% longer network lifetime than the LEACH algorithm, about 12% faster than the HEED algorithm, under the iteration period of 1000 times. The HCRA algorithm had a packet delivery rate, which was about 34 percentage points higher than the LEACH, and about 16 percentage points higher than HEED. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Clustering algorithms
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Data communication systems - Data transfer - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Farms - Iterative methods - Leaching - Life cycle - Mobile devices - Network routing - Power management (telecommunication) - Routing algorithms - Sensor nodes - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Distributed clustering - Effective transmission - Energy consumption model - Hybrid clustering - Information collections - Inter-cluster routing - LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) - Packet Delivery
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20174304296615
Title:Design and test of driving power and photovoltaic power matching for solar-driven sprinkler irrigation unit
Authors:Liu, Kenan (1, 2); Wu, Pute (1, 2); Zhu, Delan (1, 2); Dai, Wenkai (2); Li, Dan (2); Cai, Shibiao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Pute(gjzwpt@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:96-103
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The development of effective irrigation machine is one of the factors which can promote the development of agriculture and increasing crop yield. Facing the shortage of energy and limitation of water resources, the development of agricultural irrigation has been constrained. Removable sprinkler irrigation has been widely used due to its high automation, labor saving, and many other advantages. However, a stable power supply is needed, especially in some remote areas where the maximum electricity cannot be fully guaranteed. This may lead to water shortage for crops, and such areas usually cannot be timely irrigated. The solar-driven sprinkler unit can save energy and water. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of farmland irrigation, reduce labor costs, and solve the problem of irrigation power in the areas where energy is in shortage. In order to improve irrigation efficiency, reduce labor cost, and solve the problem of irrigation power in those areas, the present research was carried out on the driving force demand and the photovoltaic power matching of the unit through the solar energy to drive sprinkler irrigation, which was developed by our research group. According to the characteristics of the unit structure and the driving power, a dynamic design and matching design method of the solar energy drive sprinkler unit were constructed by theoretical calculation of the power supply and demand of the unit. The calculated power of the driving demand was verified through experiments. The typical working hours and designed daily standard working hours of the typical sunny summer units were evaluated for the working capacity of the unit and the power supply capacity of the PV system. The results showed that the measured value of travel drive power was basically consistent with the theoretical calculated value, and the maximum relative error was 7.3%, indicating the reliability of the calculation of travel drive power. At the typical summer sunny day, the maximum cumulative working time of the unit increased with the decreases in irrigation power and running speed of the unit. Taking the tested day as an example, when the unit reached the maximum designed flow, the maximum operating speed was then in the maximum load condition and the maximum working time was about 20 hours, showing a stronger ability of the unit. A one-month PV power supply monitoring was conducted in Jul, 2016 on the basis of daily designed duration of 8 hours. And this made a study on power supply capacity through the horizontal of the system. The results showed that during the one-month detection process, the total systematic power shortage duration was about 8.75 hours, accounting for about 3.5% of the total power supply duration. This indicated that the photovoltaic power supply system had a high reliability. This study can provide references for realizing the combination of solar energy and agricultural machinery, designing and optimizing drive system of the solar-driven sprinkler unit, promoting the popularization and application of solar powered irrigation unit in engineering, and solving the problem of irrigation power shortage in the regions with less energy. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sprinkler systems (irrigation)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Compensation (personnel) - Cost accounting - Cost reduction - Crops - Design - Economics - Electric power systems - Employment - Energy efficiency - Irrigation - Photovoltaic cells - Problem solving - Solar energy - Solar power generation - Testing - Wages - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Maximum relative errors - Photovoltaic - Photovoltaic power supply - Power - Solar - Sprinkler irrigation - Theoretical calculations
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 615.2 Solar Power - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 912.4 Personnel - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.50e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Time 2.88e+04s, Time 3.15e+04s, Time 7.20e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20174304296616
Title:Static simulation on water distribution characteristics of overlap area and whole spraying area for sprinkler
Authors:Chen, Zhen (1); Duan, Fuyi (1); Fan, Yongshen (1); Jia, Yanhui (1); Huang, Xiuqiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, CAAS, Henan Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture, Xinxiang; 453002, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Xiuqiao(huangxq626@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:104-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper focused on water distribution characteristics of single, double and multiple sprinklers of large-scale lateral-moving sprinkler system. An experiment was carried out to measure Nelson R3000 and O3000 single sprinkler water distribution by catch cans. The catch cans were laid in the radiation lines in 8 directions. The spacing of 2 catch cans was 0.5 m along each line. The center point was a set of sprinkler, including a sprinkling system mounted 1.8 m high. A total of 6 pressures (from 50 kPa to 300 kPa) were applied in the process of measurement of a single sprinkler. Measurements included water depth, spraying radius, discharge and running time. The Christiansen uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity (DU) of sprinklers were calculated. The superposition method with MATLAB was conducted to simulate water distribution of 2 sprinklers and multiple sprinklers by single sprinkler data. Meanwhile, CU, DU and mean spraying intensity (MSI) of 2 sprinklers and multiple sprinklers were obtained in MATLAB. Moreover, the overlap area (OA) and non-overlap area (NOA) were separated according to superposition principle and spraying spacing. The theory was that if one-point MSI was not 0, the point belonged to the whole spraying area. Meanwhile, the distances between the point and 2 of the sprinklers were less than spraying radius, which meant the point was in the OA. Otherwise, this point was in the NOA. The results showed the mean CU and DU of R3000 sprinkler were 68.79% and 50.82%. The CU and DU of R3000 sprinkler increased before the pressure of 150 kPa, indicating that the spraying effect was best at 150 kPa. The mean CU and DU of O3000 sprinkler were 65.33% and 55.69%. The CU and DU of R3000 sprinkler increased before the pressure of 200 kPa, indicating that the spraying effect was best at 200 kPa. The standard deviation of the uniformity showed that the O3000 was more stable than the R3000 at the pressure of 50-300 kPa. The water depth distribution and spraying intensity distribution at 150 kPa away from the sprinkler and showed that the R3000 had the highest water depth at about 2 and 4.5 m away from the sprinkler and the O3000 had the highest water depth at about 5-6.5 m away from the sprinkler. The spraying radius of R3000 and O3000 was 7.5 and 8.0 m, respectively. For the 2 R3000 sprinklers combinations, the CU decreased with the spacing of the 2 sprinklers increased to 4.5 m, the DU was smaller than 60% when the spacing between the 2 sprinklers was 1-5.5 m, and the mean spraying intensity (MSI) decreased with the spacing increased. For the 2 O3000 sprinklers combinations, the CU decreased with the spacing of the 2 sprinklers increased to 6.5 m, the DU was about 54%-60% when the spacing between the 2 sprinklers was 1-8 m, and the MSI decreased with the spacing increased. The overlap area of the 2 sprinklers decreased but the spraying range increased with the spacing increased from 1 to 7 m. For the multiple R3000 sprinklers combinations, the CU increased when the spacing was increased from 1 m to 6 m and the maximum CU was 68% at the spacing of 6 m, and the DU increased when the spacing increased and its value was above 50% at the spacing of 6 m. For the multiple O3000 sprinklers combinations, the CU and DU were highest with 72% and 57%, respectively at the spacing of 7 m, and were lowest with 55% and 31% at the spacing of 1 m. The CU and DU in the overlap area was higher than the whole spraying area but the CU was still lower than 85%. The study provides valuable information for the design of the sprinkler system. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Hose
Controlled terms:MATLAB - Pressure - Pressure effects - Sprinkler systems (fire fighting) - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Nelson R3000 - O3000 - Sprinklers - Superposition method - Uniformity
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.10e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.08e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+01%, Percentage 5.70e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.53e+01%, Percentage 6.80e+01%, Percentage 6.88e+01%, Percentage 7.20e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Pressure 1.50e+05Pa, Pressure 2.00e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa to 3.00e+05Pa, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+00m to 5.50e+00m, Size 1.00e+00m to 6.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+00m to 7.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+00m to 8.00e+00m, Size 1.80e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 4.50e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m to 6.50e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 6.00e+00m, Size 6.50e+00m, Size 7.00e+00m, Size 7.50e+00m, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20174304296627
Title:Modeling of maize canopy color in whole growth period based on in-situ monitoring system and its application
Authors:Du, Jianjun (1, 2); Yuan, Jie (3); Wang, Chuanyu (1, 2); Guo, Xinyu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) School of Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Xinyu(guoxy@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Maize canopy leaf color is an intuitive reflection of maize growth, development, and physiological and biochemical status, and also an important trait for maize phenotypic detection in the field investigation. Both visual observation and quantitative analysis showed that different solar radiation had significant effects on maize canopy hue (CH), and the CH value of maize canopy had significant changes at different growth stages. Nowadays, high-throughput phenotyping platforms have gradually been applied from controllable indoor environment to uncontrollable field environment, however, the complex field condition brings a lot of challenges to the current phenotyping techniques. In the field-based maize growth monitoring application, how to quantitatively analyze the color variation tendency of maize canopy in field environment is still an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, we developed sets of in-situ monitoring systems in the field to continuously capture canopy image sequences for 2 maize cultivars (DH 605 and ND 108) in the whole growth stage, and respectively collected 6 data sets of maize canopy image in consideration of 2 types of different weather conditions (sunny and cloudy days) and 6 key growth stages (4 leaves, 9 leaves, 16 leaves, silk, blister and milk stages). These image data sets of maize canopy not only reflected the effect of different weather conditions on canopy color, but also reflected the natural changes of canopy color at different growth stages, so they could be used for the color quantification and evaluation of maize canopy. With these data sets, statistical analysis based on the HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space in the pixel level was utilized to reveal the relationship among solar radiation, image color and canopy color. The results of quantitative analysis showed: Solar radiation had little effect on image value (IV) and CH, but had great effect on image hue (IH) and canopy value (CV), and the distribution of the canopy pixels at the same CV value was approximately consistent with the normal distribution. And then, the canopy CV-CH distributions of 6 key growth stages of maize were calculated respectively by probability density statistical techniques. These distributions manifested clear variation tendency and distinction degree in CV domain from 80 to 200, which meant that the CH statistical values in this CV domain could be used to quantify and evaluate color differences among various growth stages of maize. Therefore, a continuous maize canopy color model (MCCM) was established based on the statistical results of 6 key growth stages, which described the successive color change of maize canopy in the whole growth stage. During the stage from leaf emergence to development (4 leaves, 9 leaves and 16 leaves stages), the CH values of maize showed a significant decreasing trend, and then the CH values increased gradually in the silk, blister and milk stages. Based on this model and CV-CH distribution, maize canopy segmentation method was further designed for different growth stages and field conditions. By the comparison with other segmentation methods based on color indices, such as color index of vegetation extraction (CIVE), excess green (ExG), excess green-excess red (ExGR), vegetation (VEG) and hue (H), the presented method could effectively improve the canopy segmentation accuracy, and obtain a segmentation accuracy of over 82.6% for maize canopy images in the whole growth stage. At the same time, this model revealed a significant correlation between the CH value and emerged leaf number (ELN) of 2 maize cultivars (i.e. Denghai605 and Nongda108), and the RMSE (root mean square error) values were 1.14 and 1.41 leaves respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the maize canopy color model can quantitatively describe canopy color variation in different maize stages, and has important application value for the automatic image segmentation of maize canopy, the prediction of growth stages, and the phenotype identification of maize cultivars. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Color - Color codes - Computer vision - Image analysis - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image segmentation - Mean square error - Meteorology - Models - Monitoring - Normal distribution - Pixels - Probability density function - Probability distributions - Radiation effects - Silk - Solar radiation - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic image segmentation - Different growth stages - Feature extract - High-throughput phenotyping - Maize canopy - Phenotype identification - Phenotypic traits - RMSE (root mean square error)
Classification code:657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.26e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20174304296611
Title:Simulation analysis on hydraulic-electrical energy regenerative semi-active suspension control characteristic and energy recovery validation test
Authors:Zhang, Han (1, 2); Guo, Xuexun (2); Hu, Sanbao (2); Fang, Zhigang (2); Xu, Lin (2); Zhang, Jie (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Automotive Engineering Institute, Guangzhou; 511434, China; (2) Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Automotive Parts, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Tech. Center, Wanxiang Group, Hangzhou; 311200, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Xuexun(guo6531@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:64-71
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To recycle the vibration energy of vehicles over rough roads, a vehicular hydraulic-electrical energy regenerative semi-active suspension (HERSS) was designed in this work. Simulations and bench tests were performed with focus on its suspension performance and energy harvesting characteristic, respectively. The key component in the HERSS was the hydraulic-electrical energy regenerative absorber (HERA), and the HERA was composed of a hydraulic cylinder, three check valves, two accumulators, a hydraulic motor, a generator, and hydraulic lines. Firstly, on the basis of the HERSS principle, the system configuration and working principle were described. The test bench was constructed according to the HERA theory, and the speed characteristic curve of HERA was obtained through bench test. Secondly, the two degrees of freedom HERSS dynamic model was constructed. From the model equation, damping force of HERSS contained viscous damping force and motor control force. The viscous force was the inherent damping characteristic of HERSS caused by throttle resistance of check valves, frictional resistance of pipe lines, throttle resistance of hydraulic motor. The motor control force can be adjusted according to the control strategy. According to the HERSS principle, the motor control force can be adjusted in the extension stroke only and as such, the control strategy can be used to identify suspension motion state. When the suspension in the compression stroke, the motor control force could not affect the HERSS, but in the extension stroke, the motor control force was variable according to the control strategy. In order to evaluate the HERSS performance, sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and tire dynamical displacement were chosen as assessing index. Then, the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller was designed for HERSS. In the processing of LQG design, the weighting coefficient of HERSS performance index was determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thirdly, the performance of HERSS with LQG control was compared with passive suspension (PS), traditional semi-active suspension (TSS) with LQG control through simulation tests. The frequency results indicated that: (i) in the resonance frequency of sprung mass, the amplitude of suspension index parameters ranked in a descend order, PS, HERSS and TSS. The results reflected that LQG strategy could reduce the sprung mass vibration effectively. And because HERSS could not change its damping force during compression stroke, its effect of vibration elimination was better than the PS, but worse than the TSS; (ii) in the resonance frequency of unsprung mass, the amplitudes of sprung mass acceleration calculated by three models were similar. The amplitudes of suspension deflection were too small to display as frequency of peak. And the amplitudes of tire dynamical displacement ranked in a descend order, PS, HERSS, TSS. In general, in the resonance frequency of unsprung mass, the differences of amplitude of suspension index parameters were very small; (iii) in the transition frequency band, which was between the resonance frequency of sprung mass and the resonance frequency of unsprung mass, the amplitudes of sprung mass acceleration and tire dynamical displacement ranked in a descend order, TSS, HERSS, PS. The differences of amplitudes of suspension deflection were small. Lastly, the absorber dynamical displacement data was collected through road test. The acquisition data used in energy harvesting bench test as input signal. The bench test results showed that the HERSS was feasible, and the harvested energy power and energy harvesting efficiency of HERA were increasing with the rise of the control current. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Suspensions (components)
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Automobile suspensions - Control - Damping - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Electric machine control - Energy harvesting - Experiments - Frequency bands - Friction - Hydraulic accumulators - Hydraulic motors - Magnetic levitation vehicles - Natural frequencies - Resonance - Suspensions (fluids) - Testing - Tires - Vehicles - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Damping characteristics - Electrical energy - Linear Quadratic Gaussian controllers - Semi-active suspension controls - Suspension performance - Transition frequencies - Two degrees of freedom
Classification code:525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 601.2 Machine Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 731.2 Control System Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 818.5 Rubber Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20174304296613
Title:Optimization design of shunt-hedging sand sampler based on numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiment
Authors:Shang, Xiaobin (1); Chen, Zhi (1); Song, Tao (2); Liu, Haiyang (1); Chen, Yan (1); Qiu, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Machine and Electronics Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Architectural Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an; 271000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zhi(sgchenzhi@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:80-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in arid and semi-arid regions, which has aroused wide concern among the public. Soil erosion is the process of denudation, sorting and transportation of farmland soil under the action of wind. Soil erosion can cause soil texture coarse, structure deterioration, decline of soil fertility and decrease of sustainable productivity, seriously restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. Sand sampler is one of necessary devices to research soil erosion, which is a key equipment in the observation of sand flow structure and laws of wind and sand movement. In addition, it is necessary to optimize the design of sand sampler so that we can obtain a large and accurate erosion data to improve the sand collection efficiency. However, the core component of the shunt hedging sand sampler is a sand separator. In addition, according to the combination of shunt hedging and multistage expansion, the wind speed reduction effect is more obvious, and the sand collection efficiency can be higher. In this paper, the FLUENT software and the micro wind tunnel are used as experimental platform to optimize the exhaust pipe diameter, exhaust pipe length, sand outlet diameter, and sand outlet contraction height of the separator of the shunt hedging sand sampler. Furthermore, the finite element model of the sand separator for the shunt hedging sand sampler was established. Meanwhile, according to the RNG turbulence model, the numerical simulation analysis is carried out for sand sampler. Besides, the DEM model is used to calculate the trajectory of sand particles entering the sand separator so that we can easily obtain the sand collection efficiency. Besides, through the low speed performance test and gas-solid separation efficiency test, the simulation results of the original sand separator and the optimized sand separator in FLUENT are verified based on indoor micro wind tunnel. Moreover, the numerical simulation and wind tunnel test results show that the exhaust pipe and sand outlet deceleration performance of the optimized sand separator has been improved obviously compared with the original sand separator. When the exhaust pipe diameter is 25 mm, the exhaust pipe length is 25 mm, the contraction height is 15 mm and the sand outlet distance is 75 mm, the impact of the gas flow on the automatic acquisition sensor is minimal under strong wind condition (13.8 m/s), the maximum wind speed of the exhaust pipe is 2.23 m/s, which is decreased by 7.47% compared with the original sand separator, the average wind speed of the exhaust pipe is 0.68 m/s, 8.11% lower than that of the original sand separator, the maximum wind speed of the sand outlet is 1.52 m/s, 35.59% lower than that of the original sand separator, and the average wind speed of the sand outlet is 0.23 m/s, 28.13% lower than that of the original sand separator. Meanwhile, the average separation efficiency can reach 99.82%. Therefore, compared with the original sand separator, the sand collection efficiency of the optimized sand sampler is improved by 1.56%. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Sand
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Efficiency - Erosion - Finite element method - Flow of gases - Numerical models - Optimization - Piping systems - Separators - Soils - Speed - Sustainable development - Turbulence models - Wind - Wind stress - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid regions - Environmental problems - Gas solid separation efficiency - Low speed performance - Numerical simulation analysis - Shunt hedging sand sampler - Wind tunnel experiment - Wind tunnel tests
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1.2 Gas Dynamics - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 723.5 Computer Applications - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.56e+00%, Percentage 2.81e+01%, Percentage 3.56e+01%, Percentage 7.47e+00%, Percentage 8.11e+00%, Percentage 9.98e+01%, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 7.50e-02m, Velocity 1.38e+01m/s, Velocity 1.52e+00m/s, Velocity 2.23e+00m/s, Velocity 2.30e-01m/s, Velocity 6.80e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20174304296634
Title:Effects of HZSM-5 and MCM-41mixing ratios on rape straw catalytic pyrolysis
Authors:Dong, Liangxiu (1); Li, Xiaohua (1); Zhang, Jin (1); Zhang, Xiaolei (1); Hu, Chao (1); Cai, Yixi (1); Shao, Shanshan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xiaohua(lixiaohua@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:241-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, the number of fossil fuels is decreasing sharply, and the harmful gases produced by fossil fuel combustion endanger human health and pollute the environment, people are devoted to looking for the alternative fuels of fossil fuels. Biomass energy is a good choice, it is renewable and clean. But the biomass was always burned directly, it is a great waste of biomass sources. In order to reduce the waste of biomass resources and protect the environment, we studied the rapid pyrolysis and catalytic cracking technology to convert the biomass to liquid fuel, which we called the liquid bio-oil. Choosing rape straw as biomass raw materials, HZSM-5 and MCM-41 were used to catalyze the rape straw pyrolysis with different mixing ratios. The experimental instruments include electronic controller, catalytic reactor, pyrolysis reactor, vacuum pump, cold trap, cooling tower, bio-oil collector and connecting pipe. The rape straws were placed in the pyrolysis reactor, the catalysts were replaced in the catalytic reactor, the vacuum pump pressure was controlled at 5kPa and the temperature of the cooling tower was set to -20℃. According to the physical and chemical properties, FT-IR and GC-MS analysis results of organic oil and the BET analysis results of catalysts, we studied the effect of HZSM-5 and MCM-41 mixing ratios on the quality of bio-oil. The results showed that with the increase of MCM-41 content, the yield of bio-oil organic phase decreased first and then increased. The density, oxygen content and kinematic viscosity of refined organic oil decreased first and then increased,while carbon content and calorific value increased first and then decreased, when HZSM-5 and MCM-41 were mixed with 1:1, the higher calorific value was 34.31 MJ/kg. The organic phase of refined oil showed six obvious absorption peaks, respectively, they were the absorption peaks of alcohols or phenols, aromatic compounds, acids and aldehydes, ketones, carboxylates, esters and substituted aromatic compounds. The mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbon increased first and then decreased, while the mass fraction of carbonyl compounds showed the opposite trend, the mass fraction of acids was continuously reduced. With the increase of MCM-41 content, the catalytic activity and absorption capacity of mixed catalysts improved and tended to be stable when the mass fraction of MCM-41 was 50%. From these analysis results, we can speculate the catalytic cracking reaction mechanism of rape straw on HZSM-5 and MCM-41. Because of the large specific surface area and pore size of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41, most of the macromolecules in its pore channels can be decomposed into small molecules such as aldehydes, ketones and other small molecules by decarboxylation, dehydroxylation and ring-opening polymerization in the pore channels. These small molecules re-entered the pores of the microporous molecular sieve HZSM-5, and generated aromatic hydrocarbons, H<inf>2</inf>O, CO<inf>2</inf>and CO through the decarbonylation, aromatization and deoxidation, and then the oxygen content in organic phase decreased, aromatic substances content increased, the acidity reduced, so that the quality of bio-oil was improved. This study could provide the experimental basis and the theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of biomass. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Catalytic cracking
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Alternative fuels - Aromatic compounds - Aromatic hydrocarbons - Aromatization - Biofuels - Biomass - Calorific value - Carbon - Carbonyl compounds - Carboxylation - Catalyst activity - Catalysts - Chemical analysis - Chemical reactors - Cooling towers - Cracking (chemical) - Cracks - Electronic cooling - Fossil fuels - Fuels - Hydrocarbon refining - Hydrocarbons - Ketones - Mixing - Molecular oxygen - Molecular sieves - Molecules - Petroleum refining - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Quality control - Ring opening polymerization - Sieves - Straw - Vacuum pumps - Waste incineration
Uncontrolled terms:Bio oil - Catalytics - Electronic controllers - Fossil fuel combustion - H-ZSM-5 - Large specific surface areas - Mesoporous molecular sieves - Physical and chemical properties
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 513.1 Petroleum Refining, General - 618.2 Pumps - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.2 Polymerization - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Pressure 5.00e+03Pa, Specific_Energy 3.43e+07J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20174304296636
Title:Spatial layout optimization of urban space and agricultural space based on spatial decision-making
Authors:Ye, Yingcong (1); Sun, Kai (1); Kuang, Lihua (2); Zhao, Xiaomin (1); Guo, Xi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Foresty, Nanchang; 330045, China; (2) College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xiaomin(zhaoxm889@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:256-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The scientific delineation of urban space and agricultural production space restriction boundaries is an important measure for the development of city and food security. The urban growth boundary needs to be set to control the urban space sprawl. The farmland accounted for a large proportion of agricultural production space, the prime farmland protection boundary is established to protect the agricultural space. In the year of 2014, the Yingtan City was chosen by the Chinese government as the pilot city to lunch the multi-plan integration project, this project makes the Yingtan City become a perfect place to analyze the reasons that cause the spatial layout contradictions between the urban space and agricultural space, and to seek measures to solve the spatial layout contradictions. In this paper, we took the central district in Yingtan City as an example, and built the layout optimization of urban space and agricultural production space on the basis of construction suitability evaluation and comprehensive farmland quality evaluation on the GIS platform. Through the correction form the city development direction prediction, new construction land scale, the prime farmland protection scale, and farmland utility grade, the preliminary scheme of urban growth boundary and prime farmland protection boundary were generated. The overlay analysis process was applied on the GIS platform to diagnose the contradiction area between the preliminary schemes of urban growth boundary and the prime farmland protection boundary. The urban growth boundary and the prime farmland protection boundary were optimized based on the contradiction coordination principle through spatial decision-making process. The base of spatial contradiction coordination was to make the urban growth boundary and the prime farmland protection boundary of the equal importance. The results showed: (1) the construction suitability evaluation score from high to low presented the circle type of spatial distribution, the plots which had comprehensive farmland evaluation scores were distributed in the east and west part of the central district; (2) based on the analysis of construction land weight transfer, convex hull analysis of urban expansion type, and the infrastructure and industrial zone layout analysis, the north part of the central district was the future city development main direction; and (3) the preliminary scheme of prime farmland protection boundary was divided into adjustable area and regulation area based on the farmland natural utility grade. The farmland plot with lower natural utility grade than the average farmland utility grade in the research area was divided into the adjustable area. The farmland plot with higher natural utility grade than the average farmland utility grade in the research area was divided into the regulation area. The spatial decision to deal with the contradiction between the urban growth boundary preliminary scheme and the regulation area was to adjust the urban growth boundary preliminary scheme to ensure the farmland protection. The spatial decision to deal with the contradiction between the urban growth boundary preliminary scheme and the adjustable area was to adjust the prime farmland protection boundary preliminary scheme to ensure the urban development. From the research, we concluded that the spatial decision-making process could make the delineation of the urban growth boundary and the prime farmland protection boundary more objective and scientific. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Urban growth
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Decision making - Farms - Food supply - Geographic information systems - Land use - Quality control - Remote sensing - Urban planning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Central district in Yingtan city - Land quality - Layout optimization - Urban spaces
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 912.2 Management - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20174304296623
Title:Coordination inversion methods for vegetation cover of winter wheat by multi-source satellite images
Authors:Sun, Zhongping (1, 2); Liu, Suhong (1); Jiang, Jun (2); Bai, Xueqi (3); Chen, Yonghui (3); Zhu, Chenghao (3); Guo, Wenting (3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing; 100094, China; (3) Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Suhong(liush@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:161-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fraction vegetation cover(FVC)can be used to indicate the growing status of vegetation, which is an important input for some ecological models, hydrological models, meteorological models, and so on. And FVC data set with high precision, high temporal resolution, and high spatial resolution is critical to global change monitoring. Unfortunately, current FVC products are produced using only one kind of remote sensing image, and thus their spatial coverage and temporal coverage are limited. Aiming at acquiring continuous FVC data in space and time, we explored the estimation methods of FVC of winter wheat in North China Plain using high and medium resolution images jointly. This study focused on dimidiate pixel model by combining multi-source images includingGF1-PMSimages with spatial resolution of 8m, GF1-WFVwithspatial resolution of 16m, and HJ1-CCD with spatial resolution of 30 m. Four phases of remote sensing images of those 3 sensors were selected as data source to conduct the experiments, which covered 4 growth periods of the winter wheat, including turning green &rising stage(March 23, 2015 and March 29, 2015) and jointing & flowering stage(April 28, 2014 and May 5, 2014).Within the coincidence regions of those 3 kinds of images, we selected randomly 160 winter wheat sample areas (240 m×240 m) as the regression samples, and chose randomly another 80 winter wheat sample areas (240 m×240 m) as the checking samples to verify the performance of the methods. Using these regression samples, we developed multi-source whole-growth-period method (MWM) and multi-source single-growth-period method (MSM) based on the bottom-up method. We compared and analyzed the single-source inversion method (SIM), MWM and MSM based on the estimated FVC result using high spatial resolution GF1-PMS images. The results indicated that the FVC estimations of HJ1-CCD, and GF1-WFV images using SIM method were highly consistent with those of GF1-PMS images, and their R<sup>2</sup>values were both higher than 0.9. However, due to the observation angle effect of GF1-WFV and HJ1-CCD sensors, the estimated FVCs were a little higher in the early growing stages of winter wheat, and the bias decreased gradually with the closing of winter wheat canopy. Compared with SIM method, MWM method and MSM method both worked more effectively and generated higher accuracy. Among those two multi-source methods, MSM method showed the relatively higher accuracy, and its determinant coefficients R<sup>2</sup>was 0.984 and the root mean square error(RMSE)was 0.030 using GF1-WFV images, while the R<sup>2</sup>was 0.978 and the RMSE was 0.034 using HJ1-CCD images. The R<sup>2</sup>of MWM method was 0.964 and the RMSE was 0.044 using GF1-WFV images, and the R<sup>2</sup>was 0.950 and the RMSE was 0.052 using HJ1-CCD images. Comparison indicated that MWM can be utilized to improve the FVC estimation accuracy using GF1-WFV and HJ1-CCD images when there are no matching GF1-PMS images over the same period. This research shows that the synergetic inversion method of winter wheat FVC with multi-source satellite images can generate long time series and high precision FVC products, which can provide the critical data set for vegetation growth monitoring, monitoring of ecological environment and global change detection. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Crops - Data flow analysis - Ecology - Edge detection - Estimation - Image resolution - Mean square error - Monitoring - Pixels - Remote sensing - Satellite imagery - Space optics - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:GF-1 - Multi-Sources - Pixel models - Vegetation cover - Winter wheat
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 655.2 Satellites - 656.1 Space Flight - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.60e+01m, Size 3.00e+01m, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20174304296620
Title:Effects of biodegradation film mulching on soil temperature, moisture and yield of cotton under drip irrigation in typical oasis area
Authors:Wu, Qiang (1, 2); Wang, Zhenhua (1, 2); Zheng, Xurong (1, 2); Zhang, Jinzhu (1, 2); Li, Wenhao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhenhua(wzh2002027@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:135-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic film mulching is an efficient way to improve soil water efficiency and heat effects, control salt and grass, and increase economic benefits in arid and semi-arid regions. However, with the overuse of traditional refractory plastic film, the residual plastic film is constantly increasing in the field, which has led to some negative impacts such as environmental pollution and land degradation. A kind of PBAT-based biodegradable film was introduced in this study and its effect on soil moisture, temperature and cotton yield was investigated. Field experiments under mulched drip irrigation were carried out from 2015 to 2016 in Xinjiang province, a typical arid region of China. A total of 5 mulching treatments was included: 1) ordinary PE plastic film (CK), 0.010 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 45 d (BD1), 0.010 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 60 d (BD2), 0.012 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 60 d (BD3) and 0.010 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 45 d (BD4). The soil temperature at 0-25 cm was measured and soil water storage at 0-100 mm was determined. The results showed that the biodegradable films began to degrade at 60-80 d after sowing and had net-like uniform crackers or 2-2.5 cm pieces at the harvest but was not degraded totally. Overall, all the biodegradable film started degrade after the designed induction period. Soil temperature at 0-25 cm was significantly lower by 0.94 and 1.34 ℃ (P<0.05) covering with 0.010 and 0.012 mm biodegradable films than the CK in the seedling stage of cotton, respectively. The difference of the temperature gradually reduced with the growing of cotton. All the mulching treatments could improve the soil water storage at the depth of 0-40 cm, but the water storage in the CK were higher than biodegradable film mulching in the late cotton growth stage because of degradation in biodegradable films (P<0.05). The 0.010 mm thickness biodegradable films (BD1, BD2 and BD4) were better than 0.012 mm biodegradable film (BD3) for the cotton yield. Compared with CK, the biodegradable film decreased the cotton yield of the 2 years by 2.89% on average (P<0.05) and reduced the water use efficiency by about 4%. For the economic benefit analysis, the cost of biodegradable film was higher and the net income of biodegradable film was 10.2% less than the CK. In sum, the biodegradable film still has big chance to improve its effect on yield and performance of improving soil temperature and moisture before it will be used to replace ordinary PE plastic film. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Biodegradable polymers
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Biodegradation - Cost benefit analysis - Cotton - Cultivation - Economic and social effects - Efficiency - Film growth - Irrigation - Moisture - Plastic films - Soil moisture - Soils - Subirrigation - Temperature - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Biodegradable film - Mulched drip irrigations - Oasis area - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.8 Biotechnology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 2.89e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.50e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-05m, Size 1.20e-05m, Size 2.00e-02m to 2.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20174304296614
Title:Forest canopy height estimation based on ICESat/GLAS data by airborne lidar
Authors:Hu, Kailong (1, 2); Liu, Qingwang (2); Pang, Yong (2); Li, Mei (3); Mu, Xiyun (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 100091, China; (3) Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 100091, China; (4) Institute of Forestry Ecology, Chifeng Academy of Forestry, Chifeng; 024000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Qingwang(liuqw@caf.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:88-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The forest vertical structure parameters can reflect the growth status of the forest and the species diversity of the forest to a certain extent. Forest canopy height is a significant part of vertical structure parameters, and quantification of its distribution is an active academic research focus in recent years due to its important significance for the forest ecosystem research. Spaceborne lidar system ICESat/GLAS, with laser sensor placed on the satellite, is the full waveform lidar altimeter system with a 1064 nm laser operated at 40 Hz. The return GLAS waveforms can describe the vertical distribution of the landscape. However, large footprint diameter can reshape the vertical extent of waveforms for topographic change. Airborne lidar system whose laser sensor is placed on the airplane can transmit a short duration laser pulse. There may be several secondary returns as the light from a single pulse is reflected from within canopy layers of vegetation. The property of high-density laser point cloud (0.5-10 points/m<sup>2</sup>) makes some airborne lidar metrics to be suitable predictors of either canopy height or even individual tree height. In this study, combining with the SRTMGL1 terrain data and airborne lidar point cloud data, GLAS-based canopy height correction model based on physical equation was proposed. The effect of slope on the estimation accuracy was analyzed and estimated result was validated in in situ data. An irregular triangulation algorithm was used to filter the point cloud to extract the ground point. The initial triangulation model was optimized by setting the angle threshold and the height threshold. Point cloud normalized processing which eliminates the terrain effect could reflect the actual canopy height. The range of the GLAS footprint was used to extract the local maximum value of the normalized point cloud and analyzed canopy profile. This value was modeled as a true value for model parameters fitting by considering the slope, the footprint size and the surface roughness. GLAS-based canopy height indirectly was calculated from waveform parameters, it was necessary to use in situ data to analyze the estimated result. The result showed: airborne points cloud data can accurately reflect the distribution of forest canopy in the range of the GLAS footprint, but there were obvious differences in the distribution of points cloud in different forest types. By comparing uncorrected GLAS-based canopy height RH100 with airborne lidar canopy height, we found that the canopy height from RH100 was overestimated, which led to the positive bias. For the flat terrain cases, canopy and ground peak can be accurately identified from the waveform. GLAS metric RH100 can be approximately considered as forest canopy height because the last Gaussian peak was assumed to represent the ground peak. However, for the slope terrain case, the slope stretched the waveform, leading to increased waveform extent, and decreased canopy and ground peaks. For heterogeneous land surface cases, single slope information can not accurately reflect changes in the surface. The undulating surface made the waveform more complex. After topographic correction, not surprisingly, the fitting result was closer to the 1:1 fitting line. Reflecting on the root mean square error RMSE, uncorrected RMSE was 6.43 m greater than the corrected RMSE was 3.54 m. The effect of the topography was alleviated to a certain extent. As slope level increased, the RMSE of uncorrection increased from 3.55 m to 10.25 m, whereas the RMSE of correction had stabilized at between 3.26 m and 3.88 m. The effect of the topography was alleviated to a certain extent. Comparing with arithmetic average height, it can be seen that the estimation result was close to Lorey's height. In addition, the accuracy of canopy height estimation in different forest types was different, the accuracy of mixed forest was the highest (r and RMSE were 0.84 and 1.06 m), and the accuracy of broad-leaved forest was the lowest (r and RMSE were 0.44 and 2.56 m). © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Data handling - Ecosystems - Landforms - Lasers - Mean square error - Optical radar - Surface roughness - Surveying - Triangulation
Uncontrolled terms:Airborne LiDAR - Canopy heights - Cloud classification - Estimation models - Slope
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 744.1 Lasers, General - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 4.00e+01Hz, Size 1.06e+00m, Size 1.06e-06m, Size 2.56e+00m, Size 3.26e+00m to 3.88e+00m, Size 3.54e+00m, Size 3.55e+00m to 1.02e+01m, Size 4.40e-01m, Size 6.43e+00m, Size 8.40e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20174304296603
Title:Evaluation model of water ecological civilization based on pressure-state-response matter element model
Authors:Liu, Chang (1, 2); Feng, Baoping (1, 2); Zhang, Zhanyu (1, 2); Huang, Jiwen (3); Wu, Dong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-drainage and Agricultural Soil-water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Water Conservancy Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan; 250013, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Baoping(Fengbaoping@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The establishment of a suitable model for evaluating water ecological civilization plays an important role in researching the relationship between the water ecosystem and human social activities. As the water ecological civilization is a vague concept, quantitative evaluation is crucial for the water ecological civilization evaluation. In order to evaluate the level of regional water ecological civilization, the connotation and evaluation methods of water ecological civilization were discussed based on pressure state response (PSR) model. Water ecological civilization evaluation index system was proposed which consisted of 3 elements and 20 indicators. Index weight was determined by the entropy method to reduce the interference of human subjectivity on the evaluation results. The matter element theory was adopted to analyze and solve the fuzziness and incompatibility of the evaluation index by constructing the classical matter element and the section matter element of the water ecological civilization. The correlation of each index and evaluation grades were analyzed. The comprehensive evaluation model of the entropy weight based on PSR was built. The model can reveal the real state of water ecological civilization and the existing problems. Combined with the model and the collected data, the water ecological civilization evaluation results of the suburbs in Jinan city in 2010, 2013 and 2015 were calculated. In order to discuss the sensitivity of the index value, the sensitivity of the evaluation index to the judgement grade was analyzed. The index data of 2015 was used as the reference value. A certain value of each index was increased or decreased (respectively -5%, -10%, +5%, +10%) while other indicators remained unchanged. Then the grade of regional water ecological civilization evaluation was observed. The results showed the grade of the indexes including GDP water consumption, the standard rate of water functional zone and the degree of soil erosion were increasing rapidly. It meant that that this region was in continuous improvement in terms of the water resources utilization efficiency, water quality protection and water ecological restoration from 2010 to 2015. The index of COD emission per unit area decreased to a bad grade, indicating that industrial wastewater discharge in research region still need to be controlled in 2013 and 2015. The centralized sewage treatment rate reached an excellent grade in 2015. It indicated that the sewage treatment capacity of the study area was high enough, which played an important role in enhancing the local water quality. The water ecological civilization of research region in the overall level increased gradually. The ability of human beings to protect the water ecosystem was greatly improved. The health of the water ecosystem was enhanced. Reducing ammonia and COD emissions of pollutants is a key measure to improve local ecological civilization water level. The indexes including COD emission per unit area, ammonia nitrogen emissions per unit area and the standard rate of water functional zone were more sensitive. The indexes including the proportion of wetland area, the grade of soil erosion, water efficiency of irrigation, the increase of constructed wetland area and the proportion of ecological water utilization were sensitive relatively. The evaluation index system of water ecological civilization built base on press-state-response model was comprehensive and logical. It was suitable for evaluation of water ecological civilization. Using the entropy weighted matter-element model could not only determine the overall status and stability evaluation of the object for the water ecological civilization evaluation, but also reveal the single evaluation index information. The method solved the problems of subjective uncertainty and non quantization caused by water ecological civilization concept. The water ecological civilization evaluation method can be used as reference for similar areas. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Chemical analysis - Chemical oxygen demand - Ecology - Ecosystems - Efficiency - Erosion - Hydrogeology - Industrial emissions - Industrial research - Nitrogen - Pressure - Sewage treatment - Water levels - Water quality - Water resources - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation model - Entropy weights - Industrial wastewater discharges - Matter-element analysis - Pressure state response (PSR) - Psr models - Water quality protection - Water resources utilizations
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -1.00e+01%, Percentage -5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20174304296609
Title:Optimal design and experiment on vibratory fruit harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation
Authors:Du, Xiaoqiang (1, 2); Li, Songtao (1); He, Leiying (1); Gao, Qi (1); Wu, Chuanyu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:48-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the growth of orchard area and fruit yield in recent years, it is still a big problem for farmers to harvest fruit efficiently in China. Because the shaking-type harvester can make mature fruit detached quickly and effectively, the existing fruit harvesters are mostly shaking type. But the efficiency of shaking-type harvester is not high enough. To improve the harvesting efficiency, the three-dimensional shaking method was proposed and the vibratory harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation was designed. Firstly, a Chinese hickory tree model was established for transient dynamics analysis by finite element software (ANSYS). One-dimensional and two-dimensional shaking method was discussed respectively, and then the influence of the loading direction on the acceleration response of tree was analyzed. Simulation results show that the loading direction of these 2 shaking methods has remarkable effect on the acceleration response, but it is difficult to make fruit tree branches produce enough big acceleration response in all directions. So, the three-dimensional shaking method was proposed on the basis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional shaking method, which has effect not only on the cross section direction of fruit tree's branch, but also on the axial direction. After analyzing the acceleration response of different kinds of shaking methods and the three-dimensional displacement patterns with different speed ratios, the conclusions are as follows: 1) Fruit tree shaken by three-dimensional load has a more uniform acceleration than by one-dimensional and two-dimensional load; 2) it has the most uniform acceleration distribution when the speed ratio of crank in the spatial linkage shaking mechanism is 1:1. Secondly, according to the generation method of three-dimensional displacement load and the dynamics simulation result of fruit trees, the vibratory fruit harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation was designed, which mainly consists of the case, the spatial linkage shaking mechanism, the driving mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The transmission ratio of the driving mechanism can be changed to obtain different three-dimensional displacement loads. And the kinematics analysis of the spatial linkage shaking mechanism was performed. Thirdly, after kinematics analysis of the spatial linkage shaking mechanism, the stroke and acceleration that were affected by the change of related parameters were calculated with MATLAB software. In order to achieve the optimization objective of the maximum acceleration, genetic algorithm was used to optimize parameters of this mechanism. The ranges of parameters were determined by constraints of the spatial linkage shaking mechanism. Then the optimization software was based on MATLAB platform and the optimization result indicates that the maximum output acceleration of the mechanism is 117.3 m/s<sup>2</sup>. A prototype of vibratory fruit harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation was manufactured and assembled according to the result of parameter optimization. Then the dynamics response experiment of fruit tree was carried out. In order to evaluate the performance of the vibratory fruit harvesting mechanism with three-dimensional excitation, an eccentric block type vibration motor was used for comparison in the experiment, and the accelerations of test points on the fruit tree were measured by data acquisition and analysis instrument. Statistics results indicate that the test points on the tree have obvious acceleration response in 3 directions to the vibratory harvester with three-dimensional excitation, while obvious acceleration was only generated at the cross section of the branch by the eccentric block type vibration motor and the acceleration was small along the axis direction of the branch. Finally, the coefficient of variation was calculated according to the average acceleration result of the test points by 2 shaking methods. Results show that it has a smaller coefficient of variation when the tree is excited by the vibratory harvester with three-dimensional excitation, which means the vibratory harvester with three-dimensional excitation can make the branches vibrate in a uniform level. So the harvesting efficiency is expected to be improved with the excitation of few times. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Data acquisition - Design - Dynamics - Efficiency - Forestry - Fruits - Genetic algorithms - Harvesters - Harvesting - Kinematics - Machinery - MATLAB - Mechanization - Optimization - Orchards - Spatial variables measurement - Trees (mathematics) - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration response - Coefficient of variation - Fruit trees - Three-dimensional displacements - Three-dimensional loads - Three-dimensional vibrations - Transient dynamics analysis - Vibrations
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 1.17e+02m/s2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.16.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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