<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20174104263191
Title:Design and experiment on manipulator for transplanting leaf vegetables seedling cultivated by coco-peat
Authors:Li, Bo (1); Gu, Song (1, 2); Chu, Qi (1); Lü, Yajun (1); Hu, Junsheng (1); Xie, Zhongjian (1); Yang, Yanli (3); Jiang, Haiyu (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Guangzhou Sky Mechanical & Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Guangzhou Lüxiang Mechanical and Electrical Installation Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou; 511400, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Song(sgu666@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:18-24
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Currently, cultivated area of facilities horticulture is growing rapidly in China, while the level of mechanization is very low, and the production of hydroponic leafy vegetables during the seedlings transplanting is mainly manual. So it is needed to develop a plug tray seedlings transplanting machine which fits the mode of China's hydroponics leafy vegetables production. The main operation object of the current transplanting machine in facilities horticulture is potted flowers that use different culture-substrate comparing with hydroponics leafy vegetables. In contrast, the production of hydroponics leafy vegetables uses coco-peat as the main culture-substrate in the South of China. Coco-peat has characteristics of small bulk density, large porosity, poor water-retention capacity, and poor adhesion between particles. Therefore, the existing facility horticultural transplanting manipulators are not suitable for such substrate. In view of the above problems, a 4-needle-type transplanting manipulator for hydroponics leafy vegetables for coco-peat substrate was designed in this paper. In the transplanting manipulator, we used a non-shrinkable needle structure that depended on the angle of the telescopic needle which can reduce the disturbance of the coco-peat as well as avoided the spallation of the substrate cube. In order to compare the adhesion characteristics between coco-peat and peat moss, a cube compression test has been done. The test results showed that coco-peat was more likely to be scattered than peat moss because the coco-peat has the characteristics of large porosity and difficulty forming adhesion between particles, and this trend was intensified with the increasing of substrate moisture content. The percentage of scattered substrate mass in the transplanting process and the remaining component on seedling root growth needed to be evaluated. As such, a comprehensive evaluation method that the percentage of scattered substrate mass combined with scored scattered area was proposed in this study. An experiment was carried out that used hydroponics leafy vegetables of kale (Brassica oleracea) seedlings as transplanting target, and the plug tray for seedlings cultivation was a 50 (5×10) standard plug tray, the culture-substrates were coco-peat, peat moss and perlite with mass ratio of 8: 2: 1. Through the design and experiment study, the structure parameters of 4-needle-type transplant manipulator were as follow, telescopic needle diameter, 2.5 mm, the angle that telescopic needles insert into the substrate cube, 14°, the distance, 5 mm from the insert point of telescopic needles to the substrate cube edge. The results indicated that the root situations of hydroponics leafy vegetables seedlings had the greatest effects on the transplanting success rate, and the movement accelerations of the robot manipulator also had influences. The success rate of kale seedling transplantation was 100%, under the condition that the seedlings was in the status of normal growth, the vertical acceleration was 0.3 m/s<sup>2</sup>, the horizontal acceleration was 1.5 m/s<sup>2</sup>and the substrate moisture content was 81.01%. This study provides a technical reference for developing transplanting manipulator which transplanted the hydroponics leafy vegetables seedlings that use coco-peat as the main culture substrate. Keywords: © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Compression testing - Cultivation - Design - Experiments - Geometry - Machine design - Manipulators - Moisture - Moisture determination - Needles - Peat - Porosity - Robot applications - Seed - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Adhesion characteristic - Cocopeat - Comprehensive evaluation - Leafy vegetables - Seedlings - Seedlings transplanting - Substrate moisture contents - Water retention capacity
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 601 Mechanical Design - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 1.50e+00m/s2, Acceleration 3.00e-01m/s2, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Size 2.50e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20174104263193
Title:Performance analysis and experiment on fertilizer spreader with centrifugal swing disk based on EDEM
Authors:Liu, Cailing (1); Li, Yanni (1); Song, Jiannong (1); Ma, Tuo (1); Wang, Mengmeng (1); Wang, Xujian (1); Zhang, Chao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Song, Jiannong(songjn@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:32-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fertilizing operation is an important link in grain seeding, which plays an important role in ensuring the high yield. Fertilizer spreaders often are used in the operating process. At present, the spreading uniformity of most of the machines needs be improved. In order to improve the spreading performance, in this study, a centrifugal fertilizer spreader with a spinning swing disk with 16 involute spiral guide rails was studied and dynamic characteristic analysis of fertilizer particle was performed. A single factor simulation analysis on rotational speed of disk, feeding angle, feeding mass and angle of feeding position was conducted using a disk rete element model based on theoretical analysis results. Influence of various factors on the spreading uniformity of the centrifugal swing disk was discussed. The working range of the parameters was derived. The rotational speed of disk ranged from 700 r/min to 1100 r/min, feeding angle was from 70° to 110°, feeding mass was from 2000 seed? /s to 6000 seed? /s, and angle of feeding position was from 50° to 90°. The urea with larger size was taken as the research material. The orthogonal regression rotation simulation experiment with four influencing factors was designed and the test indexes were coefficient of variation of fertilizer distribution on the lateral width direction. The simulation experiments on fertilizer spreading performance and target parameter optimization was done, and the static verification test was carried out. Multivariate nonlinear regression model was established and the affecting importance of factors on the uniformity and response surface analysis was finished. The experimental data were processed and optimized by Design-expert 8.0.6. The results showed that the interaction between angle of feeding position and rotational speed of disk, angle of feeding position and feeding angle had important influence on spreading uniformity. The order of importance was followed by rotational speed of disk, feeding angle, feeding mass and angle of feeding position. The minimum uniformity coefficient of variation were 12.48% when rotational speed of disk, feeding mass, feeding angle and angle of feeding position was 900 r/min, 4275 per second, 110° and 64°, respectively. With the optimal parameters, the results of simulation and bench testing were mostly in agreement. The simulation research on fertilizer spreading performance of fertilizer spreader by EDEM was proved to be feasible. In order to verify operating effect under actual working conditions, the dynamic simulation research of multi-track fitting and superposition was carried out. The results showed that uniformity coefficient of variation were 9.92% and 11.43%, respectively when the forward speed of a machine was 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s. The fertilizer spreader can meet the technical requirements of field operations. The centrifugal fertilizer spreader with a spinning swing disk provides better working performance. The research results provide a theoretical reference for design and optimization of the granular fertilizer spreader with a spinning swing disk. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Spreaders
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Centrifugation - Experiments - Factor analysis - Feeding - Fertilizers - Finite difference method - Numerical analysis - Numerical methods - Regression analysis - Rotating disks - Speed - Surface analysis - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Design and optimization - Dynamic characteristic analysis - Multivariate non-linear regression - Orthogonal regression - Response surface analysis - Technical requirement - Uniformity
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 9.92e+00%, Rotational_Speed 7.00e+02RPM to 1.10e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 9.00e+02RPM, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20174104263198
Title:Test on diesel particulate filter regeneration using non-thermal plasma technology aided by exhaust waste heat
Authors:Pu, Xiaoyu (1); Cai, Yixi (1); Shi, Yunxi (1); Wang, Jing (1); Gu, Linbo (1); Tian, Jing (1); Cui, Yingxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Yixi(qc001@mail.ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:70-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Diesel engines are widely applied in the field of transportation and manufacturing because of their dynamic and economic performance. Compared to gasoline engine, the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from diesel engine are much lower. However, diesel engine emits huge quantities of particulate matter (PM) which pose a great threat to human health and environmental protection. As emission regulations are becoming gradually stricter, it is imperative to stringently control diesel PM emission with a feasible after-treatment technic. The technology of diesel particulate filter (DPF) is considered as the most effective mean to reduce diesel PM emission. The key of DPF technology is regeneration of the DPF, which is to timely remove the carbon deposit captured by DPF. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology is a promising method to control diesel emission. Reactive species generated by NTP reactor can activate complicated chemical reactions under common condition. Therefore, NTP technology has been used to remove PM deposited in DPF and become a new research hotspot in the field of DPF regeneration. Other studies have shown DPF could be effectively regenerated by NTP when the regeneration temperature was precisely controlled by an extra heater. In this work, an experimental system of DPF regeneration was constructed to investigate the regeneration effect in which DPF was not heated by an external heat source. Aided by the exhaust waste heat after engine outage, an experimental study on DPF regeneration was conducted by using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) NTP reactor. In the process of DPF regeneration, reactive species and PM generated exothermic oxidation reactions. Infrared gas analyzer was used to measure the volume fraction of CO and CO<inf>2</inf>that were the main oxidation products in DPF regeneration. Twelve pairs of thermocouples were distributed in the interior of DPF to monitor the temperature change in the regeneration process. Based on NTP technology aided by exhaust waste heat, the regeneration process was investigated by analyzing the concentration change of oxidation products and the temperature change of each measuring point. Engine exhaust pipe was equipped with pitot tubes to measure the exhaust backpressure before and after regeneration. The regeneration effect was evaluated by backpressure variation of DPF after regeneration. In addition, an auxiliary test was conducted to explore the decomposition law of O<inf>3</inf>versus temperature, contributing to the analysis of regeneration process. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to compare the physicochemical properties of deposit before and after NTP treatment. Results showed that NTP technology aided by exhaust waste heat exerted a good regeneration effect on DPF without an external heat source, dramatically lowering the backpressure of DPF by 69%. With the decrease of temperature, the decomposition of O<inf>3</inf>in NTP was weakened. Therefore oxidation reaction of PM was intensified, causing the rising of the internal temperature of DPF instead of dropping. In the regeneration process, the oxidation area extended from the front of DPF to the back. The most vigorous oxidation reaction occurred at the radial midpoint of DPF and the remnant PM after regeneration on the axial section of DPF showed a ω shape. The soluble organic fraction (SOF) in the remnant deposit reduced after DPF regeneration. NTP treatment reduced the activation energy of PM both in SOF and in dry soot (DS). In the whole regeneration process, the mass of carbon in the PM decomposed was more than 6 g. This work proves the feasibility of the DPF regeneration by NTP without an external heat source, and provides experimental basis for vehicle application of the NTP technology. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Air filters - Bandpass filters - Carbon monoxide - Chemical activation - Deposits - Dielectric devices - Dielectric materials - Electric discharges - Emission control - Engines - Exhaust systems (engine) - Experiments - Filters (for fluids) - Fuel filters - Health risks - Heat engines - Internal oxidation - Laws and legislation - Oxidation - Particulate emissions - Plasma diagnostics - Thermocouples - Thermogravimetric analysis - Waste heat
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent activation energy - Dielectric barrier discharges - Diesel particulate filters - Nonthermal plasma - Physicochemical property - Regeneration - Regeneration temperature - Soluble organic fraction
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 461.7 Health Care - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 703.2 Electric Filters - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass 6.00e-03kg, Percentage 6.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20174104263226
Title:Rapid detection of quality parameters change in hickory oxidation process by electronic nose
Authors:He, Jinxin (1, 2); Gao, Haiyan (1); Mu, Honglei (1); Chen, Hangjun (1); Fang, Xiangjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Fruits Postpartum Processing of the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou; 310021, China; (2) College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Mu, Honglei(mhljoe@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:284-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As one of the most popular nuts produced in China, hickory contains large amounts of protein and a variety of unsaturated fatty acids required for human body. However, hickory is prone to rancidity because of the influence of environmental factors such as light, oxygen, and moisture. Therefore, the detection of hickory quality has a certain practical significance. The oxidation of hickory is often accompanied by changes in odor. As a bionic electronic system, E-nose is pretty suitable for hickory quality detection through the analysis of sample volatile compounds' odor fingerprint information. In order to achieve the rapid detection of hickory oxidation quality with electronic nose, the volatile components and quality of hickory were studied by the experiment of accelerating the oxidation. The changes of volatile compounds in the process of oxidation of hickory were determined with electronic nose, and the relative physical-chemical indices such as peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value and total peroxide value were measured every 5 days. The oxidation degree of hickory samples with different oxidation time could be distinguished through principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), cluster analysis (CA) and physical-chemical index analysis. The principal component regression (PCR) was used to establish the forecast model of the peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value and total peroxide value. The results showed that the response values of T30/1, P10/1, P10/2, P40/1, T70/2, PA/2 were the largest among the 12 sensors. Each sensor's response signal value was enhanced with the increasing of the oxidation time and stabilized at the end of oxidation. The response of the electronic nose sensors increased obviously with the increasing of peroxide value during the oxidation process. The degree of oxidation of hickory in different oxidation stages could be well distinguished by analysis of PCA, CA, LDA and physical-chemical indices, based on which the oxidation process of hickory could be divided into 3 stages. The oxidation process of hickory could be explained by the theory of lipid automatic oxidation. The linear simulation equation was established by using the PCR to predict the peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value, and total peroxide value, and the R<sup>2</sup>value was 0.968, 0.975, 0.985 and 0.980 respectively. The results showed that the relative error of each model was less than 16%. The PCR model had a better prediction effect on the peroxide value, acid value, anisidine value and total peroxide value of hickory with different oxidation time. The results show that it is feasible to use the electronic nose system to detect volatile components and quality of hickory with different oxidation time, which provides the new methods and ways for the rapid detection of hickory storage quality. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Chemical compounds - Cluster analysis - Discriminant analysis - Electronic nose - Fatty acids - Forecasting - Oxidation - Oxidation resistance - Peroxides - Quality control - Sensors - Sensory aids - Unsaturated fatty acids - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Degree of oxidations - Electronic nose systems - Environmental factors - Hickory - Linear discriminant analysis - Principal component regression - Volatile components - Volatile compounds
Classification code:461.5 Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.37e-02yr, Percentage 1.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20174104263228
Title:Optimization of preparation process of nanometer rabbit bone meal by ball milling
Authors:Li, Shaobo (1); Li, Hongjun (1, 2); He, Zhifei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, Chongqing; 400716, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongjun(983362225@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:300-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rabbit meat as a kind of green and healthy meat, contains a lot of nutrients. With the increase of the yield of rabbit meat, rabbit bone and other rabbit meat processing by-products are increasing. Rabbit bone has high nutritional value like other livestock and poultry bone, but it is mostly used for primary processing, such as animal feed, and it has a low rate of deep processing utilization, which results in a great waste of resources. So it is very necessary for us to find a new form of utilization for it. Generally speaking, the smaller the particle size, the greater the porosity and specific surface area, and the better the surface adsorption capacity, solubility and dispersion. In addition, if the particle size is reduced to the nanometer scale, it is likely to produce some characteristics which are different from that of conventional particles, such as small size effect, surface effect and catalysis effect. Therefore, in this study, the response surface method was used to find the best preparation technology of the nanometer rabbit bone meal. The spines, ribs and legs of 70-day-age Ira rabbits were used as raw materials (the ratio of total mass of spines and ribs to mass of legs was 4: 1), and multiple treatments were adopted to process these bones, such as high pressure cooking, protease hydrolysis, colloid mill grinding, vacuum freeze drying, standard sieve sieving, and ball milling; the method of dynamic light scattering was used to measure the average particle size and the particle dispersion index (PDI) of rabbit bone meal. On the basis of single factor tests, the response surface method was employed to optimize the preparing parameters of nanometer rabbit bone meal, and the quadratic regression equation was established to find the best processing conditions. The results illustrated that the optional preparation conditions were as follows: Ball-milling speed was 558 r/min, ball-milling time was 4.7 h, and ball-material ratio was 3.66: 1. Three validation tests were carried out under these conditions, and the results showed that the actual verification value of the average particle size of nanometer rabbit bone meal was (502.5±11.7) nm, the actual verification value of the PDI of nanometer rabbit bone meal was 0.497±0.021, and the relative errors between the predicted values and measured values were less than 5%, which indicated that the regression model was reliable and had practical value in the deep processing of rabbit bone. The results provide a reference for the follow-up study of deep processing of rabbit bone and other livestock poultry bone. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Ball milling
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bone - Dispersions - Grinding (machining) - High pressure engineering - Light scattering - Meats - Milling (machining) - Models - Optimization - Particle size - Regression analysis - Surface properties - Vacuum applications
Uncontrolled terms:Average particle size - Bone meal - Preparation conditions - Preparation technology - Processing condition - Quadratic regression - Response surface method - Vacuum-freeze drying
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 604.2 Machining Operations - 633.1 Vacuum Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 5.58e+02RPM, Time 1.69e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20174104263201
Title:Image segmentation method for forestry unmanned aerial vehicle pest monitoring based on composite gradient watershed algorithm
Authors:Zhang, Junguo (1); Feng, Wenzhao (1); Hu, Chunhe (1); Luo, Youqing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Youqing(yqluo@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:93-99
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring system for forest pest information collecting has many advantages, such as low running cost, operating flexibility, easy access to data, high image resolution etc. It has been regarded as a quick access to forest insect pest information collecting. By use of unmanned aerial vehicle system, valid segmentation and extraction of pest images acquired with the help of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle can be used to calculate the insect pest proportion in monitored sample field. It can provide forest conservation experts with evidence for assessing the insect pest damage. To conduct forest monitoring work and calculate the proportion of pest infested area in monitored sample field with more preciseness and fast turnaround, in this paper, we aimed to solve poor time response circle and limited monitoring range problems that exist in current forestry information monitoring method. Firstly, in this paper, we built both hardware and software systems of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. Aerial vehicle equipped with image collecting devices was used to monitor in forestry pest insect infested area and collect data in the Liaoning testing forest. In order to obtain proper resolution images, aerial vehicle took off the center of the chosen monitoring area vertically to collect photo resources. By considering needed resolution requirements on image segmentation comprehensively, the height of about 50 m was chosen for image acquisition. On the analytical basis of monitoring images, an image segmentation method based on composite gradient watershed algorithm was proposed. This method introduced global histogram equalization to eliminate the influence of dark texture and adopted the morphological hybrid open-closing reconstruction filter to complete the denoising work of the image samples, eliminate the image interference to the segmentation effect, and suppress the over-segmentation phenomenon in image segmentation process. The gray-scale image was obtained by gray-scale transformation of the pre-processed image. The non-correlation regions (road and bare ground) were extracted by calculating the composite gradient of each pixel point in the gray image. Interference to the segmentation result may arise in segmenting process due to the similar color of non-correlation region and pest insect infested area. In this paper, the mentioned region was removed from the original image, which greatly avoided the interference of the non-related region to the pest area and ensured the accuracy of the result. Finally, the watershed algorithm was applied to realize the segmentation and extraction of insect pest area in images. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the traditional watershed algorithm and K-means clustering algorithm were used for comparing experiment methods in the segmentation of eight images with different levels of insect pest. With the help of mage segmentation device, the accurate pest insect infested area was labeled manually, and it was taken as reference value in pest insect proportion calculating step. The experiment result showed that the segmentation effect was much more similar to the manual operation result. Specifically, the relative error rate decreased by 6.56% and 3.17% and the relative limit measuring accuracy was improved by 7.19% and 2.41% in this proposed method when traditional watershed algorithm was compared with K-means cluster algorithm. Our result showed that multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle was helpful in real time and effective monitoring of forest pest insect. The algorithm proposed in this paper was able to accurately segment and extract pest insect area in monitoring images and the proportion of pest area in whole sample fields was acquired, thus providing valid data support for forest pest monitoring and preventing work in the future. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Clustering algorithms - Conservation - Extraction - Forestry - Image acquisition - Image processing - Image resolution - Monitoring - Timber - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vehicles - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Composite gradients - Histogram equalizations - Image segmentation process - Information monitoring - K-Means clustering algorithm - Reconstruction filters - Resolution requirements - Unmanned aerial vehicle systems
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.41e+00%, Percentage 3.17e+00%, Percentage 6.56e+00%, Percentage 7.19e+00%, Size 5.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20174104263222
Title:Classification of land use in industrial and mining reclamation area based grid-search and random forest classifier
Authors:Chen, Yuanpeng (1, 2); Luo, Ming (1); Peng, Junhuan (2); Wang, Jun (1); Zhou, Xu (1); Li, Shaoshuai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing; 100035, China; (2) China University of Geosciences (Beijing), School of Land Science and Technology, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:250-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the industrial and mining land reclamation area, the strong topographic relief, the diversity, breakage, mixed distribution and scattered layout of the surface features and other factors cause the difficulties for remote-sensing image classification mapping. In order to improve the classification accuracy for land use of industrial and mining reclamation area and provide data support for land reclamation monitoring and supervision, this article explored the classification method based on grid-search and random forest algorithm for the reclamation area. Satellite and auxiliary dataset including GF-1 images, DEM (digital elevation model) and field investigation data were acquired in October 2016. The study area was Gulin County, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province. In order to obtain the real surface reflectance and reduce the atmospheric and environmental effects from the satellite images in this study, FLAASH atmospheric correction and geometric correction were used in the satellite image pre-processing with ENVI 5.3 software. A machine learning algorithm, random forest algorithm, was used because the method facilitated the use of ancillary data in classification. Feature selection was an important preprocessing step in many machine learning applications, which selected the smallest subset of relevant features that built robust learning models. In the paper, spectrum, topography, texture and space variables were included in feature selection, in order to differentiate the built-up areas and farmlands, and BCI (biophysical composition index) was calculated in spectrum features. Texture feature processing comprised principal component analysis. Local Moran' I reflecting spatial autocorrelation feature and Local Getis Ord Gi reflecting hotspot feature were selected to improve the result of classification further. The grid-search method based on OOB (Out-of-Bag) error was used to optimize parameter. Based on data image spectrum, topography, texture, space and other information, 33 feature variables were figured out from the feature selection step, and 4 combined models were constructed to carry out random forest classification experiment; and the precision was 82.79%, 84.91%, 86.75% and 88.16% respectively. To eliminate the redundant information in the 33 feature variables and reduce the image band dimensionality, the study adopted variable importance estimation and Relief F algorithm to select the principle feature variables to conduct classification according to random forest algorithm. Through the comparison between the Model 2, Model 4, SVM (support vector machine) and MLC (maximum likelihood classification) classification result respectively, the study indicates that the random forest algorithm based on grid-search parameter optimization can achieve the classification accuracy of 88.16% in the multi-feature variables frame. After different methods are used to reduce the dimension of variables, the classification accuracy can also be kept above 85%, and the accuracy is higher than SVM and MLC classification results under the same number of feature variables. The random forest classifier is superior to SVM and more capable of dealing with multidimensional characteristic variables. The random forest method based on grid-search can obtain high precision in land use classification applied in reclamation area. Based on this method, remote sensing image interpretation can well provide the technical support and rational reference for land reclamation monitoring and supervision. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Artificial intelligence - Decision trees - Feature extraction - Land reclamation - Land use - Learning algorithms - Learning systems - Mapping - Maximum likelihood - Maximum likelihood estimation - Mines - Optimization - Principal component analysis - Reclamation - Remote sensing - Satellites - Space optics - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines - Surveying
Uncontrolled terms:Biophysical composition indices - Grid search - Maximum likelihood classifications - Multi features - Random forests - Reclamation areas - Remote sensing image classification - Remote sensing image interpretations
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 655.2 Satellites - 656.1 Space Flight - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922 Statistical Methods - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.28e+01%, Percentage 8.49e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 8.68e+01%, Percentage 8.82e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20174104263195
Title:Experiment on cavitation erosion mechanism of centrifugal hydraulic cavitation generator
Authors:Wang, Jian (1); Liu, Houlin (2); Dular, Matevž (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Shipping and Mechatronic Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou; 225300, China; (2) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (3) Laboratory for Water and Turbine Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; 1000, Slovenia
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:49-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The performance of a rotor-stator centrifugal cavitation generator was experimentally studied, aiming at investigating the correlation between its cavitation mechanism and damage distribution. The generator was modified from a centrifugal pump, including a cut impeller, a volute, a rotor and a stator. The rotor and stator consist of 12 teeth each, whereas the stator has wedge grooves on each tooth. Therefore, as the rotor spins, there are 12 nozzles when the rotor tooth overlaps the stator tooth. The experiments were conducted in a closed-loop test rig in the Laboratory for Water and Turbine Machines of University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The cavitation generator was also used as a flow driver in the test. In order to study the cavitation mechanism, an observation window was mounted on the side of the generator volute. The cavitation evolution was recorded via a high speed camera accordingly. Based on the visualization tests, it is found that there are 3 kinds of cavitation generating mechanisms. One is produced in nozzle tubes formed by the interaction movement of the rotor and stator. The other two are caused by the high speed rotation of the rotor. One happens on the leading edge of the stator tooth as the rotor moves towards it. At the same time, the rotor itself generates bubbles on the leading edge of the tooth. Hence, in one rotor-stator teeth interlacing period, the cavitation generated on the leading edge of the stator (nozzle cavitation and rotating-induced cavitation) has 2 circulations. For detecting the cavitation intensity, the pressure pulsation between the rotor and volute was measured by a hydrophone under different operating conditions. The results show that the pressure pulsation increases as the flow rate increases while keeping the rotating speed constant, but the pressure pulsation cycle remains the same. As the driving frequency is 50 Hz, the pressure amplitudes under 18 and 31.4 m<sup>3</sup>/h are 1.0×105 and 1.5×105 Pa, respectively, while the cycle is approximately 0.002 s. Additionally, regardless of the flow rate, the dominant frequency is equal to the rotor blade-passing frequency, but not the impeller-passing frequency of the original centrifugal pump. That is to say, the dominant frequency is 12 times shaft frequency. When the flow rate remains the same (18 m<sup>3</sup>/h), the pressure pulsation rises with the increasing of rotating speed, whereas the cycle declines. As the driving frequency reaches 50 Hz, the pressure pulsations are nearly 2.5 times that when the driving frequency is 30 Hz, but its cycle increases from 0.002 to 0.003 s. And the domain frequencies under each driving frequency are still equal to the rotor blade-passing frequency. Meanwhile, the influence of the distance between rotor and stator on the pressure pulsation was also studied. The distance was adjusted by the shims under the stator. It is found that increasing the distance would slightly decrease the pressure. Furthermore, the oil ink painting approach was employed to investigate the erosion area of the cavitation generator. The result indicates that the rear part and the middle part of the rotor tooth are eroded. For the stator, the damage almost covers the wedge grooves and some rear part of the tooth, which means these parts are the potential erosive area. The nozzle cavitation is the dominant trigger for these damages, since it has the strongest cavitation intensity among the above discussed 3 kinds of cavitation generating mechanisms. When the teeth of the rotor and stator interlace each other, the flow velocity in the gap between the rotor and stator is getting faster, creating stronger cavitation intensity. Hence, the erosion area primarily locates on the wedge groove. Moreover, the nozzle cavitation initiates while the rotor tooth overlaps most part of the stator tooth, and starts to shed off as they begin to stagger, so the shed bubbles collapse downstream, contributing to damages on the rear part of both rotor and stator. It reveals that the cavitation erosion in hydraulic machinery is primarily caused by the collapse of bubbles that are close to the solid wall. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Electric generators
Controlled terms:Cavitation - Cavitation corrosion - Centrifugal pumps - Centrifugation - Erosion - Flow velocity - High speed cameras - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic motors - Hydrodynamics - Impellers - Nozzles - Pumps - Rotating machinery - Rotors - Stators - Turbomachine blades - Visualization
Uncontrolled terms:Cavitation intensity - Cavitation mechanisms - Different operating conditions - Generating mechanism - High speed rotation - Hydraulic cavitations - University of Ljubljana , Slovenia - Visualization experiment
Classification code:539.1 Metals Corrosion - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 705.2 Electric Generators - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.00e+01Hz, Frequency 5.00e+01Hz, Time 2.00e-03s, Time 2.00e-03s to 3.00e-03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20174104263211
Title:Improving monitoring precision of soil moisture by assimilation of HYDRUS model and remote sensing-based data by ensemble Kalman filter
Authors:Ding, Jianli (1, 2); Chen, Wenqian (1, 2); Wang, Lu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecosystem of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:166-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil moisture as an important part of hydrology, atmosphere and land surface, is an essential link of surface water and groundwater, and it is also a key parameter to describe the exchange of energy for land, atmosphere and vegetation. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately estimate soil moisture content in arid area due to its huge value for food security and water and soil conservation. This study investigated the feasibility of soil moisture estimation by assimilating HYDRUS model and remote sensing-based data using ensemble Kalman filter. The study area is located in the Weigan River and Kuqa River Delta in the southern Xinjiang region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, developed by the Kuqa River and the Weigan River, which is the most representative arid oasis in the southern Xinjiang. Temperature-vegetation drought index (TVDI) was adopted as an observation operator, and ensemble Kalman filter (En-KF) method was applied to one-dimensional hydrological model (HYDRUS-1D) to simulate surface soil moisture. Soil samples from 39 points were collected for soil moisture measurement. The main conclusions included: 1) According to the TVDI feature space, the soil moisture was higher in the middle area (agricultural irrigation area) with high vegetation coverage, while in the oasis and desert transitional zone, soil moisture was low with low vegetation. In order to verify the error between the remote sensing image and the measured data, 10 samples were randomly selected from the 39 soil samples to simulate the soil moisture based on the TVDI feature space. The relative error between measured data and the remote sensing data was 13.06%, indicating that the soil moisture estimated by remote sensing was reliable and the estimated value could be considered as the measured data when the measured data were not available for some reasons; 2) Because the remote sensing inversion was mostly effective for the surface soil, the data for only 0-10 cm surface soil was used for the further assimilation analysis. The change in 0-10 cm soil moisture estimated by assimilation method and HYDRUS mod el from September 3<sup>rd</sup>to December 9th in 2013, a total of 98 days, showed that there was obvious difference between the HYDRUS model simulated results and the the measured data, especially before 18 day; 3)Verifying the assimilation results using the other 29 soil samples showed that the relative error between the assimilated results and measured results were 8% and that between the HYDRUS model simulated results with the measured results was 13%. The root mean square error between the measured results with assimilated and HYDRUS model simulated results was 9 and 10%, respectively. The accuracy of the assimilation result was higher than that of the HYDRUS model simulation. Compared with using HYDRUS-1D model alone, the estimating accuracy of surface soil moisture improved significantly by the integration of HYDRUS 1D model and Kalman Filter methods. The root mean square error and average relative error were decreased by 1 and 5 percent points, respectively. Thus, the En-KF algorithm can be used to simulate the dynamic changes of soil moisture in the model. Our experiments demonstrated the great potential of multi-source remote sensing data for the data assimilation of surface soil moistures. It is an effective method of improving the estimating accuracy of soil moisture in arid area. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Bandpass filters - Errors - Food supply - Groundwater - Hydrology - Kalman filters - Mean square error - Moisture - Moisture determination - Potassium compounds - Remote sensing - Rivers - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils - Space optics - Surface waters - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Assimilation - Ensemble Kalman Filter - Feature space - HYDRUS model - Soil moisture measurement - Surface water and groundwaters - Vegetation drought indices - Water and soil conservations
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 656.1 Space Flight - 703.2 Electric Filters - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.68e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.31e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20174104263190
Title:Design and experiment on small fruit collecting device with flank deployable and foldable mechanisms
Authors:Du, Xiaoqiang (1, 2); Li, Dangwei (1); Wang, Dan (1); Wu, Chuanyu (1, 2); Lin, Lepeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:11-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most orchard gardens are distributed in the subtropical and tropic zone, and especially in mountainous and hilly region in China. With the development of science and technology and the increasing cost in labor, the mechanized operation for fruit collection is needed. Existing small fruit collecting devices have bulky and complex structure and need to be equipped with high-power drive, and strict requirement in the tree spacing. In order to adapt to the mechanization collection of small fruit and improve the mechanical collecting device, based on the existing fruit collection equipment at home and abroad, and considering deployable and foldable mechanisms of the equipment, a collecting device with flank deployable and foldable mechanism was introduced in this paper. This collection device mechanism can reduce the bulk in process of moving, adapt in line spacing of the fruit trees, have larger coverage area in unfolding state, and can adjust quickly and effectively in operation to improve collecting efficiency. The collecting device consisted of three parts: flank deployable and foldable mechanism (the core mechanism), lifting mechanism, and mobile clamping mechanism. The displacement and coordinate point G at the end of the flank deployable and foldable mechanism were calculated by transformation matrix. Then kinematics of the flank deployable and foldable mechanism was analyzed, and the main components of the mechanism were optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) operated in MATLAB. Rod AB, AD, PE were taken as the main optimization variables by comparing the influence of variable rod length on the displacement of point G and ∠EFG. Given the radius in folding and unfolding, the maximum displacement of point G during the unfolding process and the minimum dimension sum of the rods were taken as the optimization objectives. In order to obtain the more preferable rod dimension, the optimization range of the rods was expanded about ±50 mm. And the final optimization range and optimal solution of the main rods dimension were obtained based on the restrictions by iterative calculation at last. The optimal dimensions of the main components were l<inf>AB</inf>=277.88 mm, l<inf>AD</inf>=661.64 mm, l<inf>PE</inf>=306.58 mm. The obtained results were used to modify the 3D model of the flank deployable and foldable mechanism, and the 3D model of this mechanism was imported into the dynamic analysis software ADAMS. From such model, then the motion trajectory of the mechanism was simulated and the dynamic simulation results showed that the driving torque was 2.4 N·m. The motor type was determined based on the results achieved by simulation. Finally, a prototype of the flank deployable and foldable mechanism was manufactured and tested based on the optimal theoretical model, and the trajectory of point G was recorded by the Phantom v5.1 high-speed camera. Due to precision and errors of the prototype caused by machining and assembling and errors from camera shooting angle and image processing, there was a slight deviation between trajectory of experiment and virtual simulation, but they were basically consistent, which verified accuracy and reliability on the theoretical design of this collecting device. Experiment results of mechanical harvest using a small fruit collecting device with flank deployable and foldable mechanism demonstrated that this collection device had practical value and this research provides a reference for the improvement of the other collection mechanism. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Mechanisms
Controlled terms:Cameras - Collector efficiency - Forestry - Fruits - Genetic algorithms - Harvesters - High speed cameras - Image processing - Iterative methods - Linear transformations - Machinery - MATLAB - Optimization - Orchards - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Collecting efficiency - Development of science and technologies - Folding and unfolding - Iterative calculation - Optimization variables - Simulation - Theoretical modeling - Transformation matrices
Classification code:601.3 Mechanisms - 702.3 Solar Cells - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Torque 2.40e+00N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20174104263212
Title:Response of three-dimensional spatial variability of soil salinity to change of season of Xinjiang based on electromagnetic induction
Authors:Wu, Yakun (1, 2); Liu, Guangming (2); Su, Litan (3); Yang, Jingsong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui University of Technology, School of Energy and Environment, Maanshan; 243002, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China; (3) Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi; 830011, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Guangming(gmliu@issas.ac)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:173-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Salinization and alkalinization are the prominent land degradation processes in arid areas. In this study, our objective was to demonstrate the three-dimensional distribution of the regional soil salt responding to the change of season in typical zone of Xinjiang Automonous Region. The studied areas are located in typical area of the YiLi district in Xinjiang. The apparent electrical conductivity (EC<inf>a</inf>) was measured at each site using a Geonics ElectroMagnetic (EM38) instrument in different season. The EC<inf>a</inf>data collected included measurements using both horizontally and vertically modes. Soil samples were collected at selected sites immediately after the EM38 surveys. A field study was conducted, which was consisted of 70 measurement sites visited in different seasons. In addition, soil samples were also collected between 0 to 0.3 m, 0.3 to 0.6 m and 0.6 to 1.0 m depth increments at the location of the deep cores. Prior to laboratory analysis samples were air-dried and ground to pass a 2-mm sieve. The profile soil salinity was determined from the electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (EC<inf>e</inf>) according to standard methods. The profile soil salinity was obtained by regression model using apparent electrical conductivity. The model correlation coefficient differed from 0.875 to 0.952 that indicated high precision accuracy for each model. Three-dimensional soil salt distribution was characterized by inverse distance weighting method for different season. The results showed that average of soil salinity all decreased with increasing depth in the study area in different season. But average of soil salinity moderately decreased with increasing depth in autumn than in spring. The coefficient of variation of soil salinity, an indicative of strength intensity variation for different seasons, ranged from 1.223 to 1.636. Variation of soil salinity decreased with the increase of soil depth in autumn, but variation of soil salinity increased with the increase of soil depth in spring. Map of three-dimensional distribution of the regional soil salt demonstrated that sever soil salinity located in northwest corner of the studied area in autumn and spring. But the area and degree of salinization indicated more serious in spring than in autumn in northwest corner of the studied area. The soil salinity of total profile was more than 6 g/kg soil in northwest corner of study area in spring. Non-saline soil mostly distributed in the studied area in autumn of 2015. Area ratio of non-saline soil for each depth differed 65%, 69% and 81%. Area ratio of non-saline soil increased with increasing depth, area ratio of salinization soil decreased with increasing depth in the study area. Area ratio of different degree salinization soil had slight difference with increasing depth. Area ratio of mild salinization was more than moderate salinization and severe salinization, and area ratio of saline soil (soil salt content more than 6 g/kg soil) was least in 0 to 60 cm depth. Area ratio of moderate salinization was more than mild salinization, and area ratio of severe salinization was least in 60 to 120 cm depth. Non-saline soil mostly distributed and area ratio of non-saline soil increased with increasing depth in study area in spring of 2016. But ratio of saline soil became more than 5% for each depth. The degree of soil salinization and proportion of the severity salinization was significantly increased in the spring of next year than the previous year in autumn. The synthesized method based inverse distance weighting (IDW) method combining electromagnetic induction technique in this study had 0.887 and 0.862 of high correlation coefficient for different season assessment of regional soil salinity. Thus the application of this technique provides a new method to interpretation and evaluation of regional soil salinity response to different season in the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics in Xinjiang province. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Electric conductivity - Electromagnetic induction - Inverse problems - Regression analysis - Salinity measurement - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent electrical conductivity - Coefficient of variation - Distribution characteristics - Electromagnetic induction technique - Inverse distance weighting - Inverse distance weighting method - Seasonal changes - Spatial variability
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 6.90e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 3.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 6.00e-01m to 1.20e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20174104263206
Title:3D simulation on water temperature change of diversion channel and optimal arrangement of multi-wells at high altitude and cold regions
Authors:Wu, Sujie (1); Zong, Quanli (1); Zheng, Tiegang (2); Wang, Zijian (3); Liu, Zhenji (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Eengineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Sate Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (3) Surveying and Designing Institute (Group) Co., Ltd of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Zong, Quanli(quanli1871@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:130-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the northwest high altitude and cold regions, it's easy to produce ice for the long distance of diversion channel of diversion power station. Pumping well water to melt ice is an effective method to solve the ice problem for diversion power station in winter. In order to investigate the effect of pumping well water to melt ice on the increase of channel water temperature, the second diversion channel of Hongshanzui Water Power Station in Manas River of Xinjiang was selected as the study area, and a three-dimensional turbulence numerical model was proposed to simulate the change process of water temperature of diversion channel under the condition of multi-well running at the same time. The change process of water temperature obtained from the simulation was compared with that from the prototype observation experiment, and the results indicated that the calculation results were in a good agreement with the prototype observation results. The average relative error between them was 4.61%, which verified the reliability of the numerical simulation. Thus, the water temperature change processes of diversion channel were simulated under the conditions of different discharge of well water, different discharge and temperature of channel water before wells, and different atmospheric temperature. Firstly, when the discharge and temperature of channel water were constant, and the discharge of well water was decreased by half or increased by half compared with the original value, the mixed water temperature was proportional to the discharge of well water and sensitive to it. At the same time, when the temperature of channel water was decreased and increased by 0.2 and 0.4℃, respectively, the mixed water temperature was proportional to the temperature of channel water and sensitive to it. It is concluded that it is the most effective way to pump well water to melt ice by increasing the discharge of well water and arranging the well group rationally. During the process of melting-ice wells running, each well not only affected the downstream water temperature, but also affected the upstream water temperature in some distance. According to the simulated results under the temperature of channel water of 0.1℃, the discharge of channel water of 10, 15, 20 and 25 m<sup>3</sup>/s, and the atmospheric temperature of-5, -10, -20 and -30℃, respectively, the different value of the ice-free water length of each well was calculated. The results showed that the length of the ice-free water for each well decreased with the increase of channel water discharge before wells and the decrease of atmospheric temperature. Based on the calculated length of the ice-free water for each well, the reasonably optimized results of the length of the ice-free water and the arrangement of the wells were proposed under different discharges of channel water before wells and different atmospheric temperatures. This study can provide valuable information for preventing ice hazards of diversion channel in the cold regions. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Atmospheric thermodynamics - Computer simulation - Ice - Ice problems - Numerical models - Optimization - Pumps - River diversion - Temperature - Well pumps - Wells
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Calculation results - Free water - Optimal arrangement - Prototype observations - Pumping well - Three-dimensional turbulence - Water temperature change
Classification code:441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 618.2 Pumps - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.61e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20174104263196
Title:Change mechanism of vibration and noise characteristics before and after cavitation in hydraulic retarder
Authors:Dong, Liang (1); Zhao, Yuqi (1); Xiao, Jiawei (1); Liu, Houlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:56-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the hydraulic braking, the hydraulic reducer is often used in conjunction with other braking methods, which are used in the vehicle auxiliary brake. It is not transmission component, but the energy-saving component which works in the braking conditions. The use of hydraulic reducer in vehicles can effectively control the driving speed, ensure traffic safety, and increase the stability of the vehicle operation and comfort of driving. At braking of high speed device or large rotational inertia device, the inside of hydraulic reducer will cause cavitation, and the braking performance is reduced with temperature increment. The cavitation of hydraulic system can cause vibrating and produce lots of noise. In order to study the vibration and noise characteristics before and after cavitation in hydraulic retarder, a cavitation and vibration noise test bench was built based on the INV3020 data collection system and the high-speed photography system, which realized the synchronous acquisition for the performance parameters and vibration noise signals. The hydraulic reducer model was made of plexiglass material for the convenience of high speed photography. Firstly, by adjusting the opening of inlet and outlet valve of hydraulic retarder, the internal working pressure of the hydraulic reducer is controlled under several different conditions. The frequency converter is regulated to adjust the motor operating voltage, so that the pump speed of the impeller can be stable in several operation conditions. Combined with high-speed photography experiment, the accurate experiment condition was obtained for cavitation nascent stage, and the vibration and noise signals were measured before and after the cavitation in hydraulic retarder by using acceleration sensor and sound pressure sensor. The experimental results show that, the entire cavitation process can be divided into non-cavitation stage, nascent cavitation stage and serious cavitation stage based on the high-speed photography results. At nascent cavitation stage, the bubble first appeares at the back of the impeller close to the outer edge when the rotation speed of the impeller equals to 1 100 r/min and the inlet pressure equals to 0.04 MPa. As the pressure continues to decrease, the flow channel is gradually occupied by the bubbles, and it goes into serious cavitation stage. The vibration mainly occurs in radial direction of monitoring point, while there is no difference of vibration intensity between the 2 monitoring points. At nascent cavitation stage, the amplitude of vibration acceleration increases sharply, and with the degree of cavitation is further intensified, the amplitude of vibration acceleration is reduced. The change of the cavitation acceleration level of 2 000-3 000 Hz and 4 000-5 000 Hz bands before and after cavitation is obvious, which can be used as the characteristic frequency band of hydraulic reducer. For noise signal, the total sound pressure level in nascent cavitation stage is larger than that in severe cavitation stage, and the minimum value appears in the non-cavitation stage. The maximum value of noise signal is concentrated on blade passing frequency and its harmonic frequencies, which indicates that static and horizontal interference between the rotating pump wheel and the stationary shell in the low frequency band is still the main cause to the noise of the hydraulic reducer. In the 0-100 Hz low frequency band, there is no obvious relationship between sound pressure level and cavitation stages. In the 100-1 000 Hz middle frequency band, compared with serious cavitation stage and non-cavitation stage, the noise signal in nascent cavitation stage is slightly increased. Because the proportion of cavitation-induced vibration and noise components increases significantly at this stage, and the proportion of flow induced vibration noise is relatively reduced. In the high frequency range of 1 000-5 000 Hz, as the proportion of radiation noise signal of bubble burst increases, the serious cavitation stage shows the maximum amplitude of acoustic pressure value, the nascent cavitation stage takes the second place, and the non-cavitation stage shows the minimum value. The study could provide a reference for the study of cavitation vibration and noise of hydraulic retarder and the design method of it. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:High speed photography
Controlled terms:Acoustic noise - Acoustic variables measurement - Acoustic wave transmission - Acoustics - Braking - Braking performance - Cavitation - Channel flow - Energy conservation - Frequency bands - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Impellers - Photography - Speed - Vehicles - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Blade passing frequency - Characteristic frequencies - Flow induced vibrations - Hydraulic retarder - Noise - Synchronous acquisition - Transmission components - Vibrations
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 601.2 Machine Components - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662.1 Automobiles - 742.1 Photography - 746 Imaging Techniques - 751 Acoustics, Noise. Sound - 931.1 Mechanics - 941.2 Acoustic Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 0.00e+00Hz to 1.00e+02Hz, Frequency 1.00e+02Hz to 1.00e+03Hz, Frequency 1.00e+03Hz to 5.00e+03Hz, Frequency 2.00e+03Hz to 3.00e+03Hz, Frequency 4.00e+03Hz to 5.00e+03Hz, Pressure 4.00e+04Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.10e+03RPM
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20174104263216
Title:Detection model of biological electric shock current based on Hilbert-Huang transform
Authors:Guan, Haiou (1); Li, Weikai (1); Du, Songhuai (2); Li, Chunlan (3); Li, Lei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Traffic, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Li, Weikai(bynd@263.net.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:202-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The extensive application of residual current protection device in rural low-voltage power grid plays an important role to avoid electric shock casualties and fire accident caused by the leakage. Malfunction and failure action often occur in online residual current protection device due to the irrelevant between the setting value of action current and electric shock current of organism. Many researchers conducted a number of breakthrough research on detection of leakage current and hardware architectures of residual current protection technology, which improved the technology performance of residual current operated protective device to some extent, but it could not overcome the low efficiency of correct delivery rate. There were no mature technology and products at home and abroad on detection and characteristics of the law for biological shock signal when the organism was in electrical shock, which could not meet the need of reliable power system under many complicated factors. In this paper, detection model of biological electric shock current was researched based on Hilbert-Huang transformation. Therefore, aiming at how to detect electric shock time and recognize current signal of the biological electric shock branch in residual current, residual current and electric current signal of organism electric shock were set for example, Hilbert-Huang transformation method was used to determine local amplitude of the IMF component with the largest correlation coefficient in the natural modal function of residual current when biological shock occurred, this local amplitude was 34.02 mA, which reached 0.99 correlation coefficient with the original signal, meanwhile, there was a similar law of changes of spectral characteristics between residual current and electric shock current transient process. Biological current signal were consisted of 5 IMF components and one residual component, which accounted for 60.64% of total samples. The IMF component with the biggest correlation coefficient has much bigger variation range of amplitude. In actual signal processing, mutations of high frequency IMF could be used to determine the biological shock time, and IMF component with high amplitude share and correlation coefficient could be used to extract current amplitude of electric shock branch. Hence, in this study, based on those results above, firstly, mutation characteristics of high frequency IMF component amplitude in biological current signal could be used as a criterion and judgment method for electric shock time, which could automatically identify the moment of failure and locate the calculation. Simulation of the actual data processing accuracy was 94.17%. Moreover, low frequency natural modal IMF component was extracted from residual current decomposition, which should be higher relevance and limited quantity. At last, method was established for detecting current amplitude of biological shock branch based on natural mode component of residual current through application of stepwise multiple linear regression method. Simulation result shows that the average relative error is 5.46%, which indicates that the method proposed in this paper has good potential rapid technique for developing a new generation-residual current protection device based on biological electric shock current and plays an important role to avoid personal electric shock casualties and electrical fire in as well as safe operation low voltage power grid. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Power quality
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Bioinformatics - Biology - Correlation detectors - Data handling - Electric accidents - Electric current measurement - Electric currents - Electric power transmission networks - Fire protection - Linear regression - Mathematical transformations - Models - Outages - Regression analysis - Signal processing - Spectrum analysis - Surge protection
Uncontrolled terms:Electric shock - Hilbert Huang Transformation - Hilbert Huang transforms - Hilbert-Huang transformation methods - Residual current protection device - Spectral characteristics - Stepwise multiple linear regression - Transient spectra
Classification code:461.8.2 Bioinformatics - 461.9 Biology - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.06e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+01%, Electric_Current 3.40e-02A, Percentage 5.46e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20174104263202
Title:Numerical simulation and verification of hydraulic performance and energy dissipation mechanism of two-ways mixed flow emitter
Authors:Guo, Lin (1); Bai, Dan (1); Wang, Xinduan (1); He, Jing (1); Zhou, Wen (2); Cheng, Peng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450011, China
Corresponding author:Bai, Dan(baidan@xaut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:100-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The two-ways mixed flow emitter is a new kind of drip irrigation emitter. The main working principle is forming the mixed phenomenon of forward and backward flow to increase more local head loss and eliminate extra inlet pressure. Computational Fluid Dynamics (Fluent software) plays an important role in analyzing hydraulic performance, flow field characteristic and energy dissipation mechanism of drip irrigation emitter. In order to study the hydraulic performance and the energy dissipation mechanism, we chose 5 key geometric parameters as factors and designed 25 sets of experimental schemes according to the orthogonal experimental design method. The flow rate and flow index under different pressures were determined by testing and simulating. Laboratory experiments were carried out in State key laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology. In this paper, 5 turbulence models including standard k-Ε model, RNG k-Ε model, realizable k-Ε model, standard k-ω model and SST k-ω model were chosen and compared, respectively. Based on the flow rate of each experimental scheme within the range of 50-250 kPa, the relative errors of the experimental and simulated flow rate of these 5 models were compared, respectively. The more precision turbulence model was chosen. The flow index, the flow ratio of the forward flow to the backward flow, and the flow field distribution in different pressure were calculated and analyzed, and the relationship between them was explored. The results showed that the simulated results of RNG k-Ε model were better than that of the other 4 models. The relative error between the test value and the simulated value of RNG k-Ε model was from 1.656% to 3.151%, which was the minimum error among these 5 models. Especially, when the pressure was in the range of 50-150 kPa, the simulated values were much closer to the test values with the determination coefficient of 0.998 and the relative error of 1.28%-1.89% in the pressure of 50-150 kPa, which could accurately reflect the flow rate of the emitter. So RNG k-Ε model could be used to accurately simulate the flow rate and flow mechanism of two-ways mixed flow emitter. In addition, the simulated flow index ranged from 0.414 to 0.483 under different pressures, indicating excellent hydraulic performance. In the low pressure range, the flow index was from 0.414 to 0.456, the flow ratio of the forward flow to the backward flow tended to 1, and the hydraulic performance was more prominent. However, for the two-ways mixed flow emitter, the high pressure could lead to the fast increase amplitude of the backward flow, resulting in the less flow ratio and the poor hydraulic performance. The flow velocity distribution showed the forward flow and the backward flow joined together and strongly mixed near blocking water device tooth, meanwhile, produced large local head loss and eliminate more fluid energy. In the high pressure range, the greatly uneven distribution of the forward flow and the backward flow would reduce the effect of energy dissipation. Therefore, the appropriate increase of the forward flow would help to speed up the flow mixing, enhance effect of energy dissipation, and improve irrigation quality. In order to change flow direction, setting up a number of blocking water device in the flow channel side wall of emitter could increase forward flow rate, optimize the flow ratio of the forward flow to the backward flow, and improve hydraulic performance. Flow field analysis revealed that after increasing blocking water device of side wall, the forward and backward flow rate were similar and the flow index under high, medium and low pressures was 0.445, 0.431 and 0.422, respectively. It verified the optimum of emitter based on mechanism of energy dissipation was reliable. These conclusions can provide the method guidance for structure optimization and hydraulic performance improvement. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Wall flow
Controlled terms:Channel flow - Computational fluid dynamics - Energy dissipation - Errors - Flow fields - Flow rate - Flow velocity - Fluid mechanics - High pressure effects - Irrigation - Numerical analysis - Produced Water - Reflective coatings - Shore protection - Structural optimization - Turbulence models
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Emitter - Energy dissipation mechanism - Flow field characteristics - Flow field distribution - Hydraulic performance - Orthogonal experimental design method - Structure optimization
Classification code:407.1 Maritime Structures - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 813.2 Coating Materials - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.28e+00% to 1.89e+00%, Percentage 1.66e+00% to 3.15e+00%, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa to 1.50e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa to 2.50e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20174104263197
Title:Design and characteristic simulation of variable gear synchronous shunt
Authors:Zhang, Xuhui (1); Liu, Pingyi (1); Wei, Wenjun (1); Tian, Guoping (2); Li, Haitao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Yihezhongwei Precision Machine Co., Ltd., Beijing; 101113, China
Corresponding author:Li, Haitao(h.li@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:63-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modern intelligent agricultural machinery in the course of operation requires multiple actuators synchronous action. Commonly used hydraulic synchronous control methods are throttling speed control, dividing-collecting valve control, synchronous shunt control, and proportional servo valve control. In contrast, gear synchronous shunt has a low fault rate, stable performance, and the same size of the shunting units. It is easy to achieve multi-loop synchronous control. The structure of general gear shunt is tandem, which is difficult to guarantee the consistency of the gear phases in shunting units. The instantaneous flow rates of every shunting unit cannot be synchronized in the working process. When the load pressure is changed, the action speed of the hydraulic cylinder is changed using such a tandem gear shunt in hydraulic circuit, and the speed cannot be adjusted. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a parallel variable gear synchronous shunt was proposed in this paper. The influence of center gear teeth number and uniformly distributed planetary gear numbers on synchronization status of the shunting units was analyzed. The working condition was the center gear teeth number that can be divided by uniformly distributed planetary gears number, from which shunting unit instantaneous states were all the same. By analyzing the gear meshing point position of a shunting unit, the instantaneous flow and theoretical displacement formulas of shunt outlet were deduced. The outlet instantaneous flow rate can be characterized by instantaneous flow velocity, and the outlet mean flow rate can be characterized by mean flow velocity. The instantaneous flow rate or instantaneous flow velocity of shunting units contained in the variable gear synchronous shunt were equal. Therefore, the instantaneous working statuses of every shunting unit were exactly the same, and the shunting units were instantaneously synchronized. Then the mean flow rate or the mean flow velocity equal conditions were naturally satisfied. The geometric models of different cases were created, and then the meshes of flow domains were divided properly using triangular unstructured meshes globally in the ICEM CFD module. Finally, the generated mesh files were imported into the Fluent module for simulation analysis. After the flow domain model parameters were set in the Fluent module, the transient flow characteristics of the shunt were simulated by using the dynamic mesh technique. The data files generated by Fluent module calculation were imported into the CFD-Post module for data post-processing. By setting up monitoring points at the center of outlets, variation law of flow velocity with time was gained. After analyzing influence of different center gear teeth number on the mean flow velocity and the shunt geometrical dimensions, an appropriate center gear teeth number was selected under the limits of shunt accuracy and shunt size. In order to get variation law of instantaneous flow velocity and main flow velocity, the shunt was studied in the following conditions: constant load pressure with a changing gear speed, a changing pressure with constant gear speed, and a concurrently changing load pressure and gear speed. The results showed that, when the coincidence errors of the two lines were 0.05° and 0.1°, the instantaneous shunt errors were ±0.56% and ±1.12%. When the load pressure was constant, variable control can be realized by adjusting the center gear rotational speed through a servo motor. When the load pressure was changed, constant flow control can be achieved by adjusting the center gear rotational speed also. A three-gear shunt test prototype was developed. In order to complete the constant flow control test, the test prototype was connected to the pump and motor dedicated test bench to build a test system. The experimental results of constant flow rate control verified the correctness and feasibility of simulation results. In this study, instantaneous synchronization, speed regulation or constant speed motion of the actuators can be realized theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for the high precision synchronous control of the variable gear synchronous shunt on the intelligent agricultural machinery. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Gear teeth
Controlled terms:Actuators - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Computational fluid dynamics - Data handling - Design - Flow control - Flow rate - Flow velocity - Gears - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Machine design - Mesh generation - Pneumatic control equipment - Speed - Synchronization - Synchronous machinery - Testing - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Constant flow - Dynamic mesh technique - Flow charac-teristics - Instantaneous synchronization - Shunt - Simulation analysis - Transient flow characteristics - Triangular unstructured meshes
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20174104263192
Title:Experimental study on mechanical properties and peel separation characteristics of citrus reticulate blanco with peel clamped moving
Authors:Chen, Hong (1); Xu, Xiangzhou (1); Yin, Yijun (1); Pan, Haibing (1); Bao, Xiulan (1); Li, Shanjun (1); Xu, Qinchao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:25-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The mechanical properties of Satsuma mandarin are an important basis for the design and control of the automatic peeling device. In this paper, Satsuma mandarin was taken as the research object, and TMS-PRO texture analyzer was adopted. Special scissors cut along the fruit radial (fruit maximum equatorial diameter direction) and axially peeled out and pulled out different peeling widths. Citrus fruit top and pedicle were fixed in the 2 clamping edges of the fixed clamping mechanism or the longitudinal axis perpendicular to the clamping edges, and the radial part was fixed in the 2 clamping edges of the fixed clamping mechanism. Gripper clamped the peeled part of the peel. The moving probe of the texture instrument drove the gripping mechanism to move to overcome the adhesive force between peel and pulp. As the texture instrument continued to pull peel, the peel was peeled off from citrus surface. The maximum tensile force and the displacement in the separation of peel were obtained, which were as the experimental indices. The smaller the maximum separation tension, the more easily separated the skin of the citrus fruit; the separation of the larger displacement indicated that the longer the peeled peel length, the better the effect of peeling. The paper studied the peeling law of Satsuma mandarin in different pulling direction, pulling width and pulling speed by carrying out the mechanical properties test of peeling citrus. The main results were as follows: Firstly, there were 3 types of rupture during citrus peel separation (peel symmetrical tear, peel oblique tear and jagged cracks), in which the citrus peel length with symmetric cracks was the largest and the displacement was the best. Asymmetrical and jagged cracks forms of peel separation lead to shorter separation of peel, which is not conducive to achieving higher peel rate. Secondly, the stripping direction had the most significant effect on the maximum tension value of citrus fruits (P=0.006). The stripping direction also had a significant effect on the displacement (P=0.016). Results showed that the peeling strength of Satsuma mandarin had obvious anisotropy. Compared with radial direction of peeling, peeling width of the axial skin peeling is conducive to peel citrus, which can get longer peel. Thirdly, the peeling width had a significant effect on the maximal pulling force (P=0.034) and the displacement (P=0.795) in citrus fruit. When the peeling width was 25 mm, the maximum tension value was lower, 2.31 N. When the peeling width was 35 mm, the maximum tension value was larger, 2.55 N. When the peeling width was in the range of 25-35 mm, the displacement value was 47.32-48.33 mm and the fluctuation was small. Peel separation force increased as the width of the skin increased. For the existing citrus peeling machine with random cutting approach was not conducive to peeling, the ring cutting peeling should be used for the existing roller way to provide the possibility of axial peeling. At last, the maximum pulling force (P=0.043) and the separation displacement (P=0.105) were not significant. Peeling separation force increased with the increasing of pulling speed. For most of roller citrus peeling equipment, the maximum clamping force of the roller was generally much larger than the stripping force, so the citrus in the rolling process chose larger peeling width (the ring cut peel) and peeling speed, and peel separation process was more stable and efficient. In conclusion, this study provides an important basis for the design of wide-peel citrus peeling machine. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Citrus fruits
Controlled terms:Clamping devices - Cracks - Experiments - Fruits - Mechanical properties - Peeling - Rollers (machine components) - Separation
Uncontrolled terms:Citrus - Clamping mechanism - Design and control - Displacement value - Gripping mechanisms - Maximum tensile force - Mechanical properties test - Separation characteristics
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.31e+00N, Force 2.55e+00N, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m to 3.50e-02m, Size 3.50e-02m, Size 4.73e-02m to 4.83e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20174104263208
Title:Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of tomato drip irrigated in solar greenhouse
Authors:Gong, Xuewen (1, 2, 3); Liu, Hao (1); Liu, Dongxin (3); Wang, Wanwan (1); Sun, Jingsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453003, China; (2) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450000, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Jingsheng(jshsun623@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:144-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of improved fuzzy comprehensive method in the evaluation of regulated deficit drip irrigation scheduling in solar greenhouse. An experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse from March to July, 2015 and 2016 at Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (35°09' N, 113°05' E and altitude 78.7 m). The experimental soil was loam at 0-80 cm and sandy loam at 80-100 cm. The solar greenhouse frame had a steel frame, covering an area of 510 m<sup>2</sup>(60 m by 8.5 m). The roof of solar greenhouse was covered with 2.5-cm thick cotton wadding and the heat-insulating materials were embedded in the wall to maintain the interior temperature. Irrigation scheduling was determined based on the accumulated evaporation in a standard pan in the diameter of 20 cm. The experiment was designed with full irrigation (0.9 times of the accumulated pan evaporation), mild water deficit (0.7 times of the accumulated pan evaporation) and moderate water deficit (0.5 times of the accumulated pan evaporation) in the flowering and fruit setting stage and the mature picking stage. There were 18 plots, and the plot area was 8.8 m<sup>2</sup>(8.0 m by 1.1 m). The crop growth index, yield index, water consumption index and quality index of drip-irrigated tomato were evaluated by using the improved fuzzy comprehensive method. The weight was obtained by 10 expert's scores. The results showed that the crop growth index, yield index and water consumption index of tomato increased with the irrigation amount without considering the water deficit at different stages, but the quality index was decreased. Effect of the mild water deficit on quality index was weak, and the comprehensive evaluation index of growth index and yield index in the mature picking stage was higher than that in the flowering and fruit setting stage, while the crop evapotranspiration and irrigation amount over the whole growth stage of the former was lower. For the mild deficit irrigation for both growing stages, the quality comprehensive evaluation index was similar (0.135 and 0.138, and 0.125 and 0.124). For the moderate water deficit, the comprehensive evaluation index of growth index, yield index and quality index in the flowering and fruit setting stage was similar to that in the mature picking stage, but the crop evapotranspiration over the whole growth stage of the latter was lower. Therefore, for the drip-irrigated tomato in solar greenhouse, the mild water deficit in the mature picking stage should be recommended to the region with abundant water resource, while for the region with limited water resource, the moderate water deficit in the flowering and fruit setting stage should be applied. The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was recommended as a basis for evaluating regulated deficit irrigation system of drip-irrigated tomato in solar greenhouse. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Crops - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Fruits - Fuzzy set theory - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Quality assurance - Scheduling - Soil moisture - Solar heating - Water management - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation index - Expert forecasts - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Fuzzy comprehensive methods - Fuzzy evaluation - Regulated deficit drip irrigations - Regulated deficit irrigation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m, Size 1.10e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 7.87e+01m, Size 8.00e+00m, Size 8.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 8.50e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20174104263221
Title:Determination of conflict between coal mining and water and soil resources utilization and land consolidation strategy of resource destruction in river basin
Authors:Liu, Huifang (1, 2); Bi, Rutian (1); Wen, Bo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource & Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Rutian(brt@sxau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:238-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Quantifying the land-mining utilization conflicts will help to know the major limiting factors and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of land consolidation. Although the land-mining utilization and resource-environment effects and a lot of theoretical frameworks and qualification models have been studied to find ways to solve the resource use conflicts, it is not clear how the spatial heterogeneity of resources utilization conflicts based on resources destruction can be quantitatively visualized, and what kinds of targeted control strategies should be taken in various types and grades of resources utilization conflicts. This study carries out a case study on 47 villages in Changhe Basin of Zezhou County in Shanxi Province. Firstly, the evaluation index system was built from 3 aspects of land-mining resource system: quantity attribute, quality attribute and space attribute. The comprehensive index method and the landscape vector model were adopted to calculate the indices of land damage accumulation function, coal mining loss degree and water poverty for analyzing loss degree of land, water and coal resource. Then based on the accumulating effects of resource utilization conflicts, the sum evaluation model was used to measure the degree of land-mining utilization conflict and classify the conflicts. Thirdly, the consolidation measures were put forward based on different land-mining utilization conflicts degree and regional function division of land use. The results showed that: 1) The field survey and GIS (geographic information system) methods were adopted to overall evaluate the land-mining conflicts and illustrate 4 zones: the high conflict zone, the medium conflict zone, the low conflict zone and the conflict-free zone, which can reveal the regional differences of resources damage and interaction of resource utilization. Combined with land, water and coal resources damage assessment, the major limiting factors in different conflicts areas were revealed, which offered reference to land consolidation. 2) The areas of 4 zones are as follows: the high conflict zone (20.21% of the total area), the medium conflict zone (33.39 % of the total area), the low conflict zone (24.24% of the total area) and the non-conflict zone (22.16% of the total area). The high conflict zone is mainly located in the northwest and southwest parts of basin whose main features are coal being covered, serious land damage and water shortage; the medium conflict zone is distributed in west side of basin with serious land damage; the low conflict zone is mainly located in the northeast of basin, which is lacking of water resources; the non-conflict zone is distributed in east side of basin, which has no disturbance of coal mining and the farmland easy to be irrigated. 3) The zoning matrix of land use for land-mining utilization conflict control strategies was formulated based on conflict zones, which can be used to picture the land use control zone. The zoning matrix of land use included major ecological restoration area (Z1), major ecological restoration area (Z2), damaged land reclamation area (Z3), and cultivated land reserve area (Z4), water deficient restoration area (Z5), cultivated land and water reserve area (Z6), and cultivated land quality improvement area (Z7), which corresponded to forestry land (30.04%), forestry land (26.94%), general agricultural zone (28.21%) and basic farmland protection zone (Z4, Z5, Z6 and Z7 zone were above 37.77%). The results show that this zoning method is effective and can offer reference to land consolidation planning. The study reveals that the quantitative evaluation can not only provide the stereoscopic view of resources utilization conflicts, but also provide an operational approach to integrate land reclamation planning into industrial development planning by making targeted land use conflict prevention decisions, which helps to improve the effectiveness of land consolidation and land management in the mining region. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Coal - Coal deposits - Coal mines - Damage detection - Ecology - Economic geology - Farms - Forestry - Function evaluation - Land use - Quality control - Restoration - Stereo image processing - Timber - Water resources - Watersheds - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Combined influence index - Cumulative effects - Land consolidations - Loss indices - River basins - Water poverty indices
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.34e+01%, Percentage 3.78e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+01%, Percentage 2.69e+01%, Percentage 2.82e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20174104263220
Title:Emission analysis of air and PM pollution on straw power plant supply chain based on life cycle assessment
Authors:Wang, Peigang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan; 430205, China; (2) School of Transportation & Information, Hubei Communications Technical College, Wuhan; 430079, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Peigang(wpgmumu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:229-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop straw power plant is environmental-friendly, but crop straw collection and transportation will cause pollution. Crop straw has low density, so the efficiency of the collection and transportation is very low, and per unit of weight crop straw reutilization will make more pollution. In this paper, based on LCA (life cycle assessment), the data of pollution in the crop straw power plant supply chain are analyzed through quantitative calculation of exhaust pollution of per unit weight and per unit power generation. Straw power plant supply chain contains straw collection, compression and baling, transportation, uncompression and crash and straw power generation. The compression of straw is divided into 3 types, i.e. not baled, the compression in the field and compression in the warehouse; the transportation is also divided into 2 types, the transportation by farm vehicle on the narrow road and heavy-duty vehicle on the highway. There are 4 scenarios and each one is composed of 3 or more parts in straw power plant supply chain, as transport of straw uncompressed, or transport of straw compressed. Because of the difference from agricultural machinery and vehicle, we use the limits for exhaust pollution from diesel engines of non-road mobile machinery (China III) and the limits for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition and gas fuelled positive ignition engines of vehicles (III, IV, V) as emission factors of agricultural machinery and vehicle, and by survey data, calculate the exhaust pollutants that include CO<inf>2</inf>, CO, NO<inf>X</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf>and PM (particulate matter) in each section. Sections in the straw power plant supply chain are crop straw pretreatment in the field, crop straw pretreatment in the stockhouse, carrying uncompress bale by farm machinery, carrying by farm machinery after pretreatment in the field, carrying uncompress bale by heavy-duty vehicle, carrying by heavy-duty vehicle after pretreating straw in the field, carrying by heavy-duty vehicle after pretreating straw in the stockhouse, transfering in the stockhouse, pretreatment in the straw power plant and crop straw direct-fired generation. After that, through key factor analysis for exhaust pollutants from each section, the density of the straw bale and distance of transportation are very important for exhaust pollutants in the straw power plant supply chain, and reasonable allocation model of straw power plant supply chain can decline the exhaust pollutants. Then comparison to exhaust pollutants from burning in the field and coal-fired power generagtion supply chain that includes coal mining and processing, coal transportation, stock and coal-fired power generation. We find PM pollutant of straw power plant is 100 times less than burning in the field, and carbon emission is about 23 times less than coal-fired power generation supply chain. As desulfurization and denitrification equipment are not installed, NO<inf>X</inf>and SO<inf>2</inf>pollutions are just over the limits of the newest emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants. On the other hand we conclude that the effect of environment protection from straw power plant supply chain depends on the model of collection and transportation in the supply chain, and keys are the pretreatment of crop straw compression, the distance of transportation by farm vehicles and the distance of transport trucks. Reasonable deployment of these factors may improve the effect of environmental protection from straw power plant supply chain. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Fossil fuel power plants
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Carbon - Chemical analysis - Coal - Coal industry - Coal transportation - Crops - Diesel engines - Emission control - Engines - Environmental protection - Life cycle - Pollution - Power plants - Roads and streets - Straw - Supply chains - Surveys - Thermoelectric power plants - Transportation - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Coal-fired power generation - Desulfurization and denitrifications - Effect of environments - Environmental-friendly - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - Non-road mobile machineries - Quantitative calculation - Reasonable deployment
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 524 Solid Fuels - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20174104263207
Title:Soil physiochemical properties and subsurface pipe drainage effect of paddy field in low wetland of Sanjiang plain
Authors:Wang, Qiuju (1); Liu, Feng (2); Chang, Benchao (1); Han, Donglai (3); Sui, Yugang (3); Yang, Xingyu (3); Chen, Hailong (3); Ken, Araya (4); Liu, Yanxia (5); Jiao, Feng (6)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Management Department of Scientific Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) The 859 Farm of Jiansanjiang Management Bureau, Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Reclamation Administration, Heilongjiang; 156326, China; (4) NICH Laboratory, Hokkaido, Sapporo; 079-01, Japan; (5) Remote Sensing Technique Centre, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin; 150086, China; (6) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China
Corresponding author:Jiao, Feng(jiaofeng1980@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:138-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sanjiang plain is located in the east of Heilongjiang Province. Sanjiang plain is the low plains formed from confluence and alluvial of Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River. Problems often occur in low wetlands such as low-lying, clay, concentrated rainfall, flooding, resulting in crop production reduction. In addition, in the harvest season, the soil is too wet, agricultural machinery is difficult to operate in the wet soil. This study investigated the soil physiochemical properties of low farmland and introduced subsurface drainage technique widely used in the Southern China to the field in order to solve the problems above. The study was carried out in Sanjiang 859 Farm in Heilongjiang. The rice was planted for 15 years. The soil organic matter content (58.14 g/kg) in 0-15 cm was higher than the other places (30 g/kg). However, the alkaline N, available P and K were low. In the experimental field, we set up a plot buried with subsurface pipe. The spacing of pipe was 10 m and the buried depth was 70 cm. The slope gradient was 1/1000. The pipe diameter was 25 cm. The experiment started from the spring of 2016. A plot without subsurface pipe was designed with the same size with that with subsurface pipe. The irrigation in both plots was same: shallow period with surface water depth of 3-5 cm and irrigation when the surface was dry. At the end of tillering stage of rice, the surface was dried and at the initial maturing stage the soil was drained. The soil was samples for physiochemical property measurement. The rice yield was determined. The results showed that the soil texture was clay. The clay content was more than 40%, the effective porosity was low (6.40%-7.81%). Soil aeration and water permeability were poor, especially the parent material where was almost airtight and watertight. The soil water content was high, and in the natural state it was more than 40%. The soil bulk density was low and the topsoil was 0.93 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The soil hardness was low and the liquid index was 0.38-0.61. The whole soil was in the plastic state, and the mechanical bearing capacity was poor. It was possible to improve the permeability of the soil by setting up the subsurface pipe in the meadow marsh soil. The distance from the subsurface pipe had an effect on the soil drainage effect, and the closer the distance from the subsurface pipe, the better the effect of soil drainage, the more obvious the decrease of water content. In the rice field with subsurface pipe at tillering stage, the soil surface was dry while the control without pipe was still wet. The yield of rice treated with subsurface pipe was 8.06% higher than that without subsurface pipe. This study provides technical support for improving soil condition in the low plains. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Bearings (machine parts) - Cultivation - Drainage - Groundwater flow - Irrigation - Soil moisture - Surface waters - Water aeration - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Concentrated rainfalls - Paddy fields - Physichemical properties - Physio-chemical properties - Sanjiang plain - Soil organic matter contents - Subsurface drainages - Yield
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.50e+01yr, Mass_Density 9.30e+02kg/m3, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.40e+00% to 7.81e+00%, Percentage 8.06e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.50e-01m, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.00e-02m to 5.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20174104263189
Title:Discussion of mainstream opinion on technology and theory of hypobaric storage
Authors:Zheng, Xianzhang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Kind-water Preservation Fresh Tech Co., Ltd., Shanghai; 201108, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Xianzhang(55jerry55@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Stanley P. Burg founded the theory of hypobaric storage preservation and invented the corresponding technology in 1960s. At the beginning of 21 century, the introduction, exposition and review of the technology and theory of hypobaric storage preservation increased gradually in the textbooks for university, and they represented the mainstream opinion on hypobaric storage in China. However, there are biased opinions and misunderstandings in a certain extent on the discussion of the technology and theory of hypobaric storage in the mainstream opinion. This paper will discuss some of the mainstream opinions on the main technology and theory on hypobaric storage only in 11th Five-Year and 12th Five-Year planed textbooks, which were pressed by Science Press for common higher education. For example, the hypobaric storage is a special controlled atmosphere storage; the products under hypobaric storage are easy to water loss and wilting, and original aroma and flavor are very easily lost; adversity condition of hypobaric storage can lead to new physiological obstacle and disease; the technology of hypobaric storage still remains at the laboratory research period; compression resistance and manufacturing costs are the key factors to hinder the development of the technology of hypobaric storage, and so on. But through expounding the literatures of Burg et al. and own research and practice, the author found that the principle of hypobaric storage differs from that of controlled atmosphere storage entirely, and it is a preservation technology distinguished from the controlled atmosphere storage; the products under hypobaric storage will not lose water and wilt, original aroma and flavor can be kept very well, and new physiological obstacle and disease will not be caused if in an appropriate hypobaric technology; the hypobaric technology has been in scale application in practice; the technology of hypobaric storage will be hindered if misunderstanding this kind of technology and stored in some improper hypobaric trial conditions. The paper aims to clarify some conceptions and clear some misapprehensions of hypobaric storage. Also it aims to provide help for the students and the people who are engaged in research and application, and to promote research, application and development of the preservation fresh technologies of both hypobaric storage and controlled atmosphere storage. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Engineering education
Controlled terms:Energy storage - Industrial research - Odors - Physiology - Technology - Textbooks
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled atmosphere storage - Discussion - Hypobaric storage - Mainstream opinion - Theory
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 525.7 Energy Storage - 901.2 Education - 901.3 Engineering Research - 903.2 Information Dissemination
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20174104263227
Title:Effect of different drying methods on drying characteristics and qualities of lemon slices
Authors:Wang, Haiou (1, 2); Xie, Huanxiong (1, 3); Chen, Shoujiang (2); Fu, Qinquan (2); Wang, Rongrong (2); Zhang, Wei (2); Hu, Zhichao (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing; 211171, China; (3) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(who1978@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:292-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lemon tea has become one of indispensable health drinks in the market which are popular for many consumers (especially women consumers). Dried lemon slices are generally processed by air drying (AD) or freeze-drying (FD). FD has been considered as one of the best methods for obtaining dehydrated foods with high quality. However, conventional freeze-drying (CFD) process technology is characterized by many disadvantages including complicated process steps, large space occupation, huge equipment investment, frequent materials transferring, long drying time, and high production cost. In order to simplify the food CFD processes and shorten the drying time, a novel integrated freeze-drying processing technology (so-called vacuum-freezing-drying, VFD) was proposed based on the principle of vacuum cooling and vacuum freeze dryer. In order to investigate the effects of different drying methods on the drying characteristics and quality of lemon slices, comparison experiments and multi-index testing on the drying of lemon slices were conducted with the methods of VFD, CFD and AD. Two different freezing methods were adopted in VFD and CFD, which resulted in 25.62% and 4.55% mass loss in the lemon slice samples during freezing stage, respectively. The drying process time of VFD and CFD was 12.5 and 17.5 h, respectively, which was more than twice of that of AD. Compared with the CFD process, and the VFD process reduced by 2.5 h in either freezing stage or drying stage and saved 14.27% of power consumption, which was a considerable economic advantage. The retention ratio of vitamin C in dried lemon slices with VFD, CFD and AD was 66.03%, 45.45% and 19.14%, respectively, and the rehydration ratio was 4.60, 3.97 and 2.24, respectively, both showed the significant difference (P<0.05). Color of lemon slice samples was measured with an automatic colorimeter. The comprehensive color difference index in air-dried lemon slice was significantly higher than that in the 2 kinds of freeze-dried lemon slices which showed no significant difference in the comprehensive color difference index (P>0.05). Volatile components of lemon slices were analyzed by using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The top 5 volatile compounds were separated and identified from the dried lemon slices, which were ranked in descending order as d-limonene, terpinene, Levate-β-pinene, β-pinene and pinene. The highest retention ratio of the top 5 volatile compounds was achieved in the dried lemon slices by the VFD method, then the CFD method and the AD method. Transverse relaxation time (T<inf>2</inf>) of dried lemon slices was measured with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). Free water, non-flowing water and bond water were observed in the atlas of T<inf>2</inf>of the 3 groups of dried lemon slices. Bond water constituted the highest proportion of the residual water, and non-flowing water and free water constituted the much smaller proportion. And the T<inf>2</inf>peak of the hot-air dried lemon slices showed a slight right-shift trend compared with the other 2 groups. The sensory characteristics of the 2 groups of freeze-dried lemon slices showed little difference. The overall sensory characteristics of air-dried lemon slices were relatively weak. The sensory characteristic intensities in color, texture, and lemon flavor of air-dried lemon slices were much less than the 2 freeze-dried groups. The freeze-drying method is suitable for the processing of dried lemon slices with high quality and value. Compared with the CFD, the VFD method can shorten the process time, reduce energy consumption and obtain better or equivalent quality of lemon slices, deserving further application in the industry. All the above research conclusions can provide some theoretical and technical basis for the processing of lemon slices drying. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Beverages - Citrus fruits - Color - Colorimetry - Energy utilization - Finite difference method - Freezing - Gas chromatography - Investments - Low temperature drying - Mass spectrometry - Moisture - Moisture control - Monoterpenes - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Quality control - Thermal processing (foods) - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Freeze drying - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - Lemon slices - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) - Processing technologies - Reduce energy consumption - Solid-phase microextraction - Transverse relaxation time
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.91e+01%, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Percentage 4.55e+00%, Percentage 4.55e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Time 4.50e+04s, Time 6.30e+04s, Time 9.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20174104263214
Title:Remote sensing monitoring of winter wheat powdery mildew based on wavelet analysis and support vector machine
Authors:Huang, Linsheng (1); Liu, Wenjing (1, 2); Huang, Wenjiang (1, 2); Zhao, Jinling (1); Song, Furan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Big Data, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Wenjiang(huangwj@radi.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat powdery mildew is one of the main serious diseases for winter wheat. A fast and accurate monitoring of the disease at a regional scale plays a vital role in reducing yield loss. Remote sensing data has great advantages over traditional data in disease monitoring, including simpler operation, more real-time and higher resolution. In this study, Chinese HJ-1A/1B data with high revisit frequency and 30 m spatial resolution was used to inverse Land Surface Temperature (LST), extract four-band reflectance data, and build seven vegetation indices. These indices should be filtrated to improve accuracy of the model due to redundancy of them. Then, we implemented screening features with the combination of Relief and K-mean algorithm. Relief algorithm which can provide the basis for feature evaluation, so features were ranked in descending order judged by feature weights in preparation for the next process. Clustering accuracy obtained by K-mean algorithm. According to the weight of the feature, the features clustered in turn to perform K-mean analysis. Then the cluster with the highest precision was picked out, and we finally got the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Simple vegetation index (SR) and surface temperature (LST) as the feature set. Wavelet feature can decompose the data in multi-scale and multi-direction, which can highlight the sensitive factor of vegetation index to a certain extent. Forty wavelet functions were constructed from five scales and eight directions, and made them convolve with features. Because there were too many wavelet features after convolved, the independent T-test samples were used to obtain the most sensitive wavelet feature of disease and the corresponding wavelet kernel function. After this process, three features corresponding to vegetation indices were available. These three wavelet features were used as input variables of the model. Support vector machine is a kind of machine learning method based on statistical learning theory. Its core idea is to minimize the structural risk by mapping the input linear indivisible data to the high dimensional space, which makes the difference between different samples. The class interval is the largest while the intra-class interval is the smallest, then the hyper plane is constructed to classify data. The monitoring model of wheat powdery mildew in Jinzhou City of Hebei Province was established by using support vector machine (SVM) with three groups of features. The first group used twelve vegetation indices as the input variables of the model, which served as a control group. The second one used three features after feature selection and the third used three features of the wavelet transform. Then the monitoring precision of the three models was compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient of the third model (called GaborSVM) were 86.7% and 0.583, respectively, performing better over the first model (60%, 0.286) and the second model (80%, 0.444). These results also showed that the combined method of wavelet analysis with SVM (GaborSVM) can be applied to large area disease monitoring based on satellite remote sensing image, and has important application value in improving the accuracy of disease monitoring. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Clustering algorithms - Crops - Data mining - Diagnosis - Diseases - Fungi - Image enhancement - Inverse problems - Learning systems - Remote sensing - Space optics - Support vector machines - Surface properties - Vectors - Vegetation - Wavelet analysis - Wavelet transforms
Uncontrolled terms:Land surface temperature - Machine learning methods - Normalized difference vegetation index - Powdery mildew - Remote sensing monitoring - Statistical learning theory - Wavelet features - Wavelet kernel functions
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 656.1 Space Flight - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20174104263217
Title:Contrast test of thermal properties of suspended kang and traditional landed kang
Authors:Li, Jinping (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Hongbo (1, 2, 3, 4); Zheng, Jian (1, 2, 3, 4); Guan, Wenjing (1, 2, 3, 4); Wen, Xiaobing (5); Wang, Lei (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Western China Energy&Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) China Northwestern Collaborative Innovation Center of Low-carbon Urbanization Technologies, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Energy Supply System Drived by Biomass Energy and Solar Energy of Gansu Province, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (4) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (5) Lintao County Rural Energy Management Office, Dingxi; 743000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:210-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Winter heating is the basic energy demand in the northern China. As the most common heating device, kang is popularly used in Northern China. However, there are a lot of shortcomings for the traditional landed kang, such as large thermal inertia, low temperature increase rate, high energy consumption, low thermal efficiency, and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop and spread a new structured and high-efficient kang. Suspended kang is raised above the floor on columns, which is different from the traditional kang on the ground. Many researches showed that suspended kang took many advantages over the traditional landed kang, such as small thermal inertia, fast heating, low energy consumption, and so on. Meanwhile, tests have not been carried out to study the increasing temperature characteristics and thermal efficiency of the suspended kang in comparison with the traditional landed kang at home and abroad. Therefore, according to the national standard, the contrastive experiment was conducted to investigate the thermal performance of the traditional kang and the newly promoted suspended kang in Lintao County of Gansu province in 2016. The temperature of kang, exhaust gas and the indoor and outdoor, as well as other parameters were measured. The heating rate and thermal efficiency and other relative property parameters of two kinds of kangs were analyzed. The two kinds of kangs were respectively set in different experimental rooms. The size of the two kangs and houses were similar, as well as the layout and the orientation of two houses were same. The experiment was operated from November 4th to November 18th, the two kangs burning the same amount of fuel were heated 2 times every day at 09: 45 and 16: 30, respectively. The Agilent's Bench Link data logger was used to record and storage the experimental data with interval 10 s. The research results showed that the thermal efficiency of suspended kang and traditional kang were 66.8% and 37.1%, respectively. Every year each suspended kang saved standard coal 540 kg than that of the traditional kang, saving firewood rate was 45%. In addition, the faceplate average temperature of the suspended kang and the traditional kang were 58 and 48.3℃, respectively. Suspended kang with precast concrete block was instead of the traditional kang with clay material or mud bricks, due to the difference of material thermal inertia and heat storage properties and structure of kang, which caused suspended kang warming rapidly. The average heating rate of heating stage of the suspended kang and traditional kang was 2.2 and 0.9℃/h, respectively. The average cooling rates of cooling stage of suspended Kang and traditional Kang were 0.8 and 0.1℃/h, respectively. The suspended kang flue pipe design was very reasonable and the heat of exhaust gas was fully utilized, the average temperature of exhaust gas was lower 36.1℃than that of the traditional kang. During the test, the outdoor mean daily temperature was 5.4℃, mean daily room temperature with suspended kang was 12.6℃, while mean daily room temperature with the traditional kang was 10.8℃. Compared with the traditional kang, suspended kang has obvious effect of energy saving and emission reduction in China's rural areas. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Digital storage - Emission control - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Gases - Heat storage - Heating rate - Precast concrete - Temperature - Thermal effects
Uncontrolled terms:Energy saving and emission reductions - High energy consumption - Increasing temperatures - Low energy consumption - Suspended kang - Temperature rise - Thermal Performance - Traditional kang
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.40e+02kg, Percentage 3.71e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 6.68e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20174104263194
Title:Behavior analysis of spray droplet interacting with plant leaves based on virtual model
Authors:Ding, Weilong (1); Jin, Mengjie (1); Luo, Linfeng (1); Wu, Fuli (1); Xu, Lifeng (1); Ji, Guangmei (2); Zhu, Defeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science & Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310023, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou; 310006, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Fuli(fuliwu@zjut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:40-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:More scholars in recent years have interest in studying the interaction between spray droplets and leaves. However, due to limitations on the computational efficiency of the computer, the physical-based approaches to simulate the processes cannot meet the requirements on both rendering efficiency and considering physical laws at the same time. Aiming at the limitation of traditional simulation on interactions between droplets and leaves, which can only be applied to horizontal leaves, an experiment-based simulation method on interactions between droplets and any leaves, together with a new algorithm on bounce direction of droplets was proposed in this study in order to improve the situation of overly cost calculation time yet poor on accuracy on fluid mechanics of the popular spray models used currently. The interaction between droplets and leaves was simulated based on the experimental results in this paper by combining the improved algorithms based on the predecessors of existing formulas. As the first step, the macro-high-speed camera was used to monitor droplet on the leaf at different angles among 0°~50° of inclination, and measure its static contact angle size. Then the pattern of changes on the static contact angle of the droplet was fitted when the leaf inclination angle was increasing, and generalizing the existing bounce judgment formula to any inclined leaf. Finally, the Monte Carlo method was introduced to calculate the direction of droplet bounce. Instead of using the original specular reflection, the direction of droplet bounce was not in accordance with a single track to run, but turbulent as a sector, making it more consistent with the real environment. The simulation in this study was carried out on the platform of Windows8 Operating System, and using OpenGL to simulate the interaction between droplets and leaves. Simulation results showed that this method can reflect the physical law of collision, bounce judgment, dwell and splash of droplet with any inclined leaf. Besides, simulation in this study prevented the abuse of computational work load caused by the fluid mechanics formulas, and furthermore, the Monte Carlo perturbation was used instead of specular reflection, making the simulation process in the calculation relatively small while at the same time being more in line with the actual physical laws. This study provides a new way to look into the interaction between droplets and leaves, supporting the calculation on the deposition amount of plant canopy interacting with a large number of droplets, and also possibilities for real-time rendering of large-scale plant scene and fog field interaction. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Drops
Controlled terms:Application programming interfaces (API) - Computational efficiency - Contact angle - Efficiency - Electric contacts - Fluid mechanics - High speed cameras - Machinery - Mechanization - Monte Carlo methods - Pesticides - Plants (botany) - Rendering (computer graphics) - Spraying
Uncontrolled terms:Interactive behavior - Plant leaves - Spray droplet - Virtual modeling - Visualization modeling
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 704.1 Electric Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20174104263203
Title:Head deviation property and its relationship with soil moisture uniformity of subsurface drip irrigation laterals
Authors:Liu, Yang (1); Huang, Xiuqiao (1); Feng, Junjie (1); Zhai, Guoliang (1); Yu, Hongbin (2); Sun, Xiulu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture of Henan Province, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (2) College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang; 453007, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Xiuqiao(huangxq626@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:108-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Head deviation ratio is a key technical indicator for length optimization in drip irrigation laterals. The deviation ratio in sub-surface drip irrigation is different from that in surface drip irrigation because the laterals are embedded and compressed in soil, and influenced by the submerged discharging. This study aimed to investigate head deviation property of subsurface drip irrigation laterals and its relationship with soil moisture uniformity. This experiment including 3 large pipe networks of subsurface drip irrigation in cotton field was carried out in Xinjiang. The drip irrigation pipe was buried in 28-33 cm below the soil surface. The length was 100 m. The spacing of pipes was 0.5 m in 2002, and 1 m after tye year of 2004. A total of 3 pairs of laterals were chosen out of upstream, medium-stream and downstream of the branch pipe. For each pipe network, more than 6 laterals were selected for the experiment. Among the laterals, some were ring network and some were tree network. The precision pressure gauge was used to measure the water pressure in the head and tail of laterals, and water meter to measure water volume at the beginning of laterals. During the experiment, the designed working pressure was 10 m. The soil moisture at depths of 30 cm along the laterals was determined by a soil moisture measuring instrument. The head deviation ratio and soil moisture uniformity was calculated based on soil moisture. The relationship between the laterals' head deviation ratio and soil moisture uniformity coefficient in 30 cm depths along the laterals was analyzed. The results showed that the head deviation ratio of the laterals were from 0.58% to 12.80%, meeting the requirement of Chinese microirrigation standard (smaller than or equal to 20%). Overall, the head deviation ratio in each lateral were different in a same pipe network with the value fluctuated in a certain range, whereas the changing trend was stable between tree-like laterals and ring-like laterals in a same branch pipe. The analysis on outliers of measured head deviation ratio showed that the deviation ratio may be affected by thickness of lateral wall. The lateral with thick wall had more stable hydraulic performance than that of the thin wall. During the entrance pressure of 7.32-11.75 m, the entrance pressure had no significant influence on head deviation ratio (P>0.05). The head deviation ratio was extremely negatively correlated with soil moisture uniformity coefficient (P<0.001). According to theoretical analysis, a model was established with soil moisture uniformity coefficient as response variable and head deviation ratio as independent variable. By comparing the calculated values and model-established values of soil moisture uniformity coefficient, we found the model was reliable in predicting oil moisture uniformity coefficient with the absolute error from-6.0% to 5.3% and 85% of laterals had the absolute error smaller than 5%. This study can provide valuable information for the length optimization of laterals, evaluation of working conditions, and management of operation in subsurface drip irrigation system. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Forestry - Information management - Models - Moisture - Pipe - Rivers - Soil moisture - Soils - Subirrigation - Underwater soils
Uncontrolled terms:Head deviation - Hydraulic performance - Independent variables - Laterals - Measuring instruments - Subsurface drip irrigation - Surface drip irrigations - Uniformity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 5.80e-01% to 1.28e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.00e+02m, Size 2.80e-01m to 3.30e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 7.32e+00m to 1.18e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20174104263199
Title:Experimental research on decreasing particles emission number of diesel engine by bipolar charged coagulation
Authors:Meng, Jian (1, 2); Liu, Junheng (1); Sun, Ping (1); Wan, Yaofeng (1); Fan, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Junheng(liujunheng@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:78-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is difficult to control the particle number emission of diesel engine due to the high number concentration of nanometer particles. To solve this problem, a self-made bipolar charged coagulation test-bed was designed in this study to study the relationship between the particle number concentration of diesel engine and charged voltage. The particle number concentration, particle mass density distribution, particle total number concentration, particle mass median diameter of a common rail diesel engine (the operation conditions of diesel engine were 25% load, 50% load, 75% load and 100% load at 1, 600 r/min and 2, 600 r/min) under different charged voltages(0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kV) were measured using an engine exhaust particle sizer spectrometer (EEPS-3090). The trap efficiency of diesel particulate filter (DPF) under 0 kV and 10 kV charged voltages at 50% load was measured using particle collection system (AVL SPC 472) and a microgram electronic balance (MX-5). Experimental results showed that bipolar charged coagulation could reduce the total particle number concentration of diesel engine. With the increase of charged voltage, at 50% load, the particle number concentration of nuclear mode particles (5~50 nm) and accumulation mode particles (<93.1 nm) were reduced, and the number concentration of accumulation mode particles (>93.1 nm) increased slightly, and at the same time the peak of particle number concentration dropped significantly. At 100% load, with the increase of charged voltage, the particle number concentration of diesel engine was in a normal bimodal distribution obviously under different charged voltage, the number concentration of decreased nuclear mode particles (5~50nm) and accumulation mode particles (<93.1 nm) reduced sharply, and the number concentration of accumulation mode particles (>93.1 nm) decreased slightly. At 100% load, the particle number concentration decreased mostly in the number concentration peak of small particles. With the increase of charged voltage, the particle total number concentration decreased. At 50% load, compared with 0 kV, the particle total number concentration decreased by 9.28%, 16.23%, 18.17% and 20.56% for 5, 10, 15 and 20 kV, respectively. While at 100% load, compared with 0 kV, the particle total number concentration decreased by 9.71%, 16.78%, 21.92% and 25.18% for 5, 10, 15 and 20 kV, respectively. At the same charged voltage, the particle total number concentration at 100% load decreased more obviously than 25% load, 50% load and 75% load. With the increase of charged voltage, the peak of particle mass density distribution moved to larger particles. Compared with 0 kV, the peak of particle mass density distribution at 20 kV increased by 8.06%, 9.92%, 9.51% and 7.28% for 25% load, 50% load, 75% load and 100% load, respectively. The curves of particle mass cumulative distribution moved to larger particles with the increase of charged voltage at 25% load, 50% load, 75% load and 100% load. With the increase of charged voltage from to 0 kV to 20 kV, the range of particle mass median diameter increased from 96~101 nm to 102~110 nm. Compared with 0 kV, the trap efficiency of DPF (diesel particulate filter) at 10 kV increased from 82.1% to 91.1%. In summary, bipolar charged coagulation could increase the trap efficiency of DPF, and reduce the particle number emission and particle mass emission of diesel engine. The results can provide a technical reference for the application of bipolar charged voltage in automobile. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Air filters - Automobile engines - Coagulation - Efficiency - Electronic scales - Elementary particles - Emission control - Engines - Exhaust systems (engine) - Filters (for fluids) - Fuel filters - Particles (particulate matter)
Uncontrolled terms:Bipolar charge - Common rail diesel engines - Cumulative distribution - Diesel particulate filters - Particle mass emissions - Particle number concentration - Particle number emission - Total number concentrations
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 661.1 Automotive Engines - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.62e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 2.06e+01%, Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+00%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.06e+00%, Percentage 8.21e+01% to 9.11e+01%, Percentage 9.28e+00%, Percentage 9.51e+00%, Percentage 9.71e+00%, Percentage 9.92e+00%, Rotational_Speed 6.00e+02RPM, Size 1.02e-07m to 1.10e-07m, Size 5.00e-09m to 5.00e-08m, Size 9.60e-08m to 1.01e-07m, Voltage 0.00e+00V, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 2.00e+04V, Voltage 1.00e+04V, Voltage 1.50e+04V, Voltage 2.00e+04V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20174104263223
Title:Extract of land use/cover information based on HJ satellites data and object-oriented classification
Authors:Zhu, Yongsen (1, 2); Zeng, Yongnian (1, 2); Zhang, Meng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China; (2) Center for Geomatics and Regional Sustainable Development Research, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Yongnian(ynzeng@mail.csu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:258-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Land use/cover information is the basis for the study of regional climate and environment, and the information security of land resources planning and management. However, the accuracy of urban areas land use/cover information extraction is significantly affected by the high heterogeneity of land surface. Remote sensing technology, providing large-scale, timely, continuous and comprehensive measurements, has become an important means of land use/cover information extraction. HJ satellites, with high temporal and spatial resolution and wide coverage, provide a new way to fast and accurately extract large-scale land use/cover information. They have been widely used in land use/cover classification, crop information extraction, wetlands information extraction, and so on. The object-oriented classification method, which makes full use of the spectral information of remote sensing images and takes into account the spatial distribution characteristics and correlations of geographical objects, can compensate for the deficiency of traditional pixel-based classification methods. This study developed a supervised classification method for regional land use based on the object-oriented random trees algorithm to quickly extract land surface information with low cost and high precision. We selected the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan core area as the study area and used the multi-temporal and multi-spectral information of HJ satellite CCD (charge-coupled device) data. Firstly, high quality HJ-CCD data (10 phases in total) were selected, and preprocessed by radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, accurate geometric correction and image registration. The time series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and of the first principal component (PC1) were calculated, and their results overlapped each other. The best time series of HJ classification data were determined by the J-M (Jeffries-Matusita) distance variable separability analysis, combined with land cover of study area, and phenotypic characteristics difference of different vegetation. HJ data of the February, May, July, September, October and December phases are the best data combinations for land use/over information extraction in this study. Then the e-Cognition's multi-scale segmentation algorithm was employed to segment the HJ-NDVI, HJ-PC1, HJ-PC2 (the second principal component) of the best time series combination. The urban land use/cover information was classified by the object-oriented random forest algorithm. Finally, the accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated, and compared with that of the time series pixel-based classification and single-phase object-oriented classification. The results indicate that the land use/cover information extracted by the object-oriented classification method using time series HJ data is consistent with the real situation on range and distribution of each land type, and with less speckle noise. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of this method are 91.55% and 0.90 respectively. Specifically, the accuracy is higher than 90% for the paddy field, irrigated land, dry land and forest, and is close to 90% for building land. Compared with the time-series pixel-based classification and single-phase object-oriented classification methods, the overall classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the proposed method are increased by 2.26%, 0.02 and 6.82%, 0.08 respectively. This means the best time series HJ combination data can fully utilize the seasonal spectral differences of different vegetation types, which avoid the spectral similarity among different vegetations in single-phase image. So the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of land use/cover information extraction in urban areas. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Artificial intelligence - Charge coupled devices - Data mining - Decision trees - Image segmentation - Information analysis - Information management - Information retrieval - Land use - Pixels - Principal component analysis - Remote sensing - Satellites - Security of data - Surface measurement - Time series - Time series analysis - Urban planning - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution characteristics - HJ satellites - Land use/cover - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object oriented - Object oriented classification - Pixel based classifications - Urban areas
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 655.2 Satellites - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e-02%, Percentage 2.26e+00%, Percentage 6.82e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.15e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20174104263229
Title:Effects of different crushing and refining treatments on release of carotenoids in carrot juice
Authors:Liu, Jianing (1, 2); Liu, Xuan (2); Bi, Jinfeng (2); Zhang, Baiqing (1); Yi, Jianyong (2); Peng, Jian (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Baiqing(sybaiqingxl@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:307-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Carotenoids have received special attention owing to their health-related characteristics, including pro-vitamin A activity, antioxidant properties and prevention organisms against certain types of cancer. In carrot, the existence of chromoplast substructure and cell wall limit the release of carotenoids, thus adopting appropriate mechanical processing to destroy the cell wall and decrease the particle size is an effective way to improve carotenoid bioaccessibility. As the first step of digestion, the release of carotenoids from raw materials plays a crucial role in determining carotenoid bioaccessibility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different crushing and refining treatments on release pathway of carotenoids in carrot juice. Pulping, colloid mill, and high pressure homogenization with different homogenization pressures, homogenization cycles and inlet temperatures were applied as crushing and refining treatments. After different crushing and refining treatments, carotenoid content in different organizational states (large cell clusters, small cell clusters and chromoplast fraction), free carotenoid content, micrograph of carotenoid distribution, release rate of carotenoids, as well as contents of oil-extracted carotenoids, β-carotene and α-carotene were investigated, respectively. Total carotenoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. β-carotene and α-carotene content were measured by HPLC. Micrograph of carotenoid distribution was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results demonstrated that after crushing treatment, carotenoid content of above-mentioned four fractions was in a decreasing order: free carotenoid, large cell clusters, small cell clusters and chromoplast fraction. After homogenization, there was almost no difference in free carotenoid content, however, there were about fourfold increase in carotenoid content for chromoplast fraction, twofold increase in carotenoid content for small cell clusters, and twofold decrease for large cell clusters. The proportion of carotenoid content decreased from 36.18% to 15.28% in large cell clusters, increased from 8.36% to 30.56% in chromoplast fraction and increased from 11.11% to 15.73% in small cell clusters. Therefore, an enhancement of carotenoid content could be observed with the decreasing level of bio-encapsulation. After refining treatments, the visible carotenoid particles under laser scanning confocal microscopy decreased in size. As the homogenization pressure increased up to 100 MPa and 150 MPa, confocal micrographs showed that visible carotenoid particles became smaller than the ones treated by other homogenization pressures. When the pressure reached 180 MPa, carotenoid tended to aggregate. The visible particle became smaller with the increase of homogenization cycle. Increasing inlet temperature contributed to aggregation of carotenoid particles. The value of carotenoid release rate was 50.91% for joint processing of colloid mill and high pressure homogenization. However, different levels of homogenization pressure had no significant (p >0.05) effect on carotenoid release rate. Higher carotenoid release rate could be observed with an increment of homogenization cycle and inlet temperature. Therefore, suitable refining treatment can be found and applied to damage the cell wall and effectively promote the release of carotenoids in carrot juice. As lipophilic pigment, carotenoid must first be released from the food matrix, solubilized in the lipid phase followed by transferring into mixed micelles in the small intestine before the uptake by intestinal epithelium. Therefore, oil-extracted carotenoid content reflects the available dose that may be absorbed by human body. The highest oil-extracted carotenoid content in carrot juice was 34.79 μg/g treated by pulping. When the pressure increased from 10 MPa to 180 MPa, the content of oil-extracted carotenoids decreased at first and then increased. The value of oil-extracted carotenoid content reached 31.93 μg/g for 100 MPa and 31.5 μg/g for 150 MPa, respectively. Contrarily, the value was 27.07 μg/g for homogenization at 180 MPa. The highest contents of oil-extracted β-carotene and α-carotene were 32.61 μg/g and 6.64 μg/g, respectively. Under the different conditions of homogenization, the content of β-carotene and α-carotene changed differently due to structural differentiation. This study has significance on subsequent analysis about how to improve carotenoid bioaccessibility in carrot juice. After refining treatment, polysaccharides such as pectin may be released from the cell wall, wrap around the carotenoid and affect the release of the carotenoid. Therefore, further research is needed to study the interaction between carotenoid and endogenous pectin in carrot juice after high homogenization. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Pigments
Controlled terms:Cells - Colloids - Confocal microscopy - Crushing - Cytology - Fruit juices - Laser applications - Oils and fats - Particle size - Pressure - Pulp refining - Refining - Surface analysis - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Antioxidant properties - Carotenoid - Carrot juice - Confocal laser scanning microscopy - High pressure homogenization - Homogenization pressures - Laser scanning confocal microscopy - Structural differentiation
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 744.9 Laser Applications - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.1.1 Papermaking Processes - 822.3 Food Products - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.11e+01% to 1.57e+01%, Percentage 3.62e+01% to 1.53e+01%, Percentage 5.09e+01%, Percentage 8.36e+00% to 3.06e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+07Pa to 1.80e+08Pa, Pressure 1.00e+08Pa, Pressure 1.50e+08Pa, Pressure 1.80e+08Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20174104263225
Title:Research advances on food extrusion equipment, technology and its mechanism
Authors:Zhang, Jinchuang (1); Liu, Li (1); Liu, Hongzhi (1); Shi, Aimin (1); Hu, Hui (1); Wang, Qiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qiang(wangqiang06@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:275-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Extrusion technology has a potential for becoming the most important food processing technology in future which can be exploited. Food extrusion technology with the characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving and pollution free, can be used for processing the extruded texturized vegetable protein and puffing food. The aim of this review was to give the detailed outlines about the research advances of food extrusion equipment and technologies, and the relationship and mechanism between inputting energy and protein conformational transition during food extrusion process. The tendency on the development of food extraction technology was proposed, with the following 3 areas being advanced: (1) Supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX), two-stage or multi-stage extrusion and the combination of extruder and 3D (three-dimensional) printer, with rich nutrient, high efficiency and low energy consumption as characteristics, have attracted great attention. In the future, through improving the construction of extrusion equipment, and combining infrared device, rheometer, Raman spectrometer and other equipment, it will help extruder to improve the level of intelligent controlling with the advantage of versatility and visibility. Through the software simulation system, the whole extrusion process can be fully controlled. (2) The extrusion way and inputting energy were the key points of extrusion process. For high moisture extrusion, temperature as well as moisture and die aperture significantly influenced the quality of products, while low moisture extrusion usually required high shear force. Extrusion assisted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<inf>2</inf>) did not need high extrusion temperature and high shear force, and the nutrient loss was small. For two-stage or multi-stage extrusion, the extruders were connected in series or in parallel and the inputting energy could be controlled according to the material properties. When combined with 3D printer, the shaping speed of the extruder would be faster, but the extruder required high extrusion temperature to run. Currently, controlling the way or the amount of inputting energy in the extrusion process was the main problem to be solved, which was also the key point for the process amplification. (3) It was necessary to build the theoretical model related to the inputting energy, the change of food structure and the quality of products, in order to realize the precise and scientific regulation for extrusion process. Extrusion processing could improve or change protein quality. In the extrusion process, the temperature was the promoting power for the stable transition of protein conformation, the pressure was the key factor for the formation of porous or fibrous structure, and the shear force promoted the molecular chains to unfold, break down and interact with each other. The SC-CO<inf>2</inf>played an important role in the process of protein conformational transition, which helped to reduce the inputting energy. In the two-stage or multi-stage extrusion process, the protein conformational transition happened respectively, which improved the work efficiency. But high inputting energy was required for changing the rheological properties of vegetable protein in the process of extruding with 3D printer. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:65
Main heading:Extrusion
Controlled terms:3D printers - Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Computer software - Construction equipment - Effluent treatment - Energy conservation - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Equipment - Extruders - Food processing - Mechanisms - Moisture - Nutrients - Printing machinery - Printing presses - Process control - Processing - Proteins - Quality control - Supercritical fluid extraction - Supercritical fluids - Technology - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:3-D (three-dimensional) - Conformational transitions - Extraction technology - Extrusion temperatures - Food processing technology - Low energy consumption - Supercritical carbon dioxides - Supercritical fluid extrusion
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.3 Mechanisms - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 745.1.1 Printing Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901 Engineering Profession - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 913.4 Manufacturing - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20174104263209
Title:Optimal management of water and nitrogen for farmland in North China Plain based on osculating value method and WHCNS model
Authors:Xu, Qiang (1); Li, Zhoujing (1); Hu, Kelin (1); Li, Baoguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Kelin(hukel@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:152-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Optimizing water and nitrogen (N) management is important for high grain yield, resource-efficient and environment-friendly targets in North China Plain (NCP). In this study, the Soil Water Heat Carbon and Nitrogen Simulation (WHCNS) model was combined with the osculating value method to achieve this objective. A 2-year experiment involving 4 integrated management practices was conducted in Tai'an City, Shandong Province in the NCP. These management practices were designed as follows: 1) traditional farming practice (FP); 2) optimized combination of cropping and fertilization (OPT-1); 3) practice for high yield (HY), which did not consider the cost of resource inputs to maximize grain yield; and 4) further optimized combination of cropping and fertilization (OPT-2), which was based on the HY practice. The dynamics of soil water content and soil nitrate concentration in different soil depths were monitored, crop dry matter and leaf area index at the key crop growth stages and yield were measured. These dataset was used to test the WHCNS model. After calibration and validation, the scenario analysis was conducted by the validated WHCNS model, which included 165 scenarios of winter wheat and 55 scenarios of summer maize with different water and N management combinations. The osculating value method was then employed to obtain the best management practices (BMPs). This method took into account agronomic, environmental and economic benefits. The results showed that the winter wheat yield increased firstly with the amount of irrigation and then kept steady when reached the maximum. There was no significant relationship between maize yields with irrigation due to the summer maize growth was synchronized with rains in NCP. The yield of winter wheat and summer maize increased with the amount of fertilizer firstly, and then remained stable when reached the maximum. The amount of water drainage and nitrogen leaching increased significantly with the irrigation amount and fertilizer application rates. The optimal irrigation amount and fertilization rates were 240 mm and 60 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(based on N) for winter wheat, respectively. The fertilizer-N application at a rate of 60 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>with no irrigation was the BMPs for summer maize. Of all the scenarios, the BMPs could guarantee 97% of the maximum annual yield (16 220 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>), higher water and N use efficiency and the highest value-cost ratio (VCR), whilst N leaching and gas loss reduced by 68% and 56%, respectively. Thus, this method can be used to optimize management of water and nitrogen in farmland effectively. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Carbon - Crops - Farms - Fertilizers - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Leaching - Nitrogen - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Soils - Statistical tests - Water content - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Best management practice (BMPs) - Calibration and validations - Fertilizer applications - Optimum - Scenario analysis - Soil nitrate concentrations - Value methods - Winter wheat-summer maize double cropping systems
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 5.60e+01%, Percentage 6.80e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+01%, Size 2.40e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20174104263210
Title:Effects of mulching years and irrigation methods on residual plastic film in Hetao Irrigation District
Authors:Wang, Zhichao (1); Li, Xianyue (1); Shi, Haibin (1); Ding, Zongjiang (1); Zhang, Jingjun (1); Guo, Yu (1); Wang, Meirong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xianyue(lixianyue80@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:159-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the influence of mulching years and irrigation methods on residual plastic film in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, consultation, questionnaire investigation and field sampling were used in combination for in-depth study. This paper mainly analyzed the present situation of plastic film mulching in Hetao Irrigation District and the typical research area (Dengkou County), and studied the effects of 3 factors including mulching years (2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 20 years), irrigation methods (drip irrigation and surface irrigation under film mulching) and crops (maize and sunflower). And the effect on the film residual rate, film damage rate, distribution of residual film in soil and residual film area in the typical research area were mainly discussed. The results showed that as the drip irrigation technology had made great development in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, the amount and mulching area of plastic film in Hetao Irrigation District increased by 125.81% and 147.62% respectively in recent 10 years. The typical research area even increased by 240% and 265.81%, however, the mulching area per unit area decreased by 8.82% and 7.08%. And this may lead to a further increase in the amount of agricultural film residue. Different mulching years and irrigation methods affected the film residual rate and film damage rate significantly (P<0.05), and the film residual rate and film damage rate under the drip irrigation were significantly higher than those of surface irrigation. The film residual rate of mulching 5 years, 10 years and 20 years increased by 80.14%, 163.70%, 273.64% than mulching 2 years respectively on average, and for film damage rate it increased by 20.97%, 38.14%, 60.20% than mulching 2 years on average. Moreover, the film residual rate and film damage rate under drip irrigation increased by 42.92% and 20.01% on average compared with surface irrigation. There was no significant difference in film residual rate and film damage rate between maize and sunflower under the same film mulching years and irrigation method. The film mulching years greatly affected the distribution of the residual film in soil, and the different irrigation methods had few effects on the distribution of residual plastic film in soil. The residual plastic film mainly concentrated in the soil depth of 0-10 cm, which accounting for 64.89%; and the residual film area between 0-4 cm<sup>2</sup>and 4-20 cm<sup>2</sup>was 31.06% and 27.81% of the total slices in the farmland. With the increase of mulching years, the total slices of residual film residues in the deeper soil depth gradually increased. For example, the residual film slice in soil depth of 0-10 cm was reduced from 71.47% to 54.61% for the mulching years from 20 to 2, but the residual film in soil depth of 10-20 cm was increased from 23.37% to 32.24%. With the increase of mulching years, the proportion of residual film for different area was more significant, especially for the increase of small area of residual film. The amount of residual film for area below 20 cm<sup>2</sup>was 1.43, 1.44, 1.51, 1.59 times than the residual film area more than 20 cm<sup>2</sup>(P<0.05) for the mulching years of 20 years, 10 years, 5 years and 2 years, respectively. The percentage of residual film in the residual film area of 0-50 cm<sup>2</sup>under drip irrigation was significantly higher by 1.82% 4.15%, 8.08% and 9.14% than under surface irrigation (P<0.05) for the mulching years of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 20 years, respectively. The results can provide valuable information for the prevention and control of agricultural plastic film residues. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Films - Plastic films - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural plastic films - Hetao irrigation districts - Irrigation methods - Mulching years - Plastic film mulching - Present situation - Prevention and controls - Surface irrigation
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 2.00e+01yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Percentage 2.66e+02%, Percentage 2.74e+02%, Percentage 2.78e+01%, Percentage 3.11e+01%, Percentage 3.81e+01%, Area 0.00e+00m2 to 4.00e-04m2, Area 0.00e+00m2 to 5.00e-03m2, Area 2.00e-03m2, Area 4.00e-04m2 to 2.00e-03m2, Percentage 1.26e+02%, Percentage 1.48e+02%, Percentage 1.64e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.34e+01% to 3.22e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+02%, Percentage 4.15e+00%, Percentage 4.29e+01%, Percentage 6.02e+01%, Percentage 7.08e+00%, Percentage 7.15e+01% to 5.46e+01%, Percentage 8.01e+01%, Percentage 8.08e+00%, Percentage 8.82e+00%, Percentage 9.14e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20174104263200
Title:Impact of piston secondary motion on oscillating flow and heat transfer of oil inside piston cooling gallery of diesel engine
Authors:Deng, Xiwen (1); Lei, Jilin (1); Wen, Jun (1, 2); Wen, Zhigao (2); Jia, Dewen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Chengdu Galaxy Power Co., LTD, Chengdu; 615505, China
Corresponding author:Lei, Jilin(leijilin@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:85-92
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Because of the stringent emission and fuel economy standards, automotive engineers are forced to develop engines with much higher power densities. Pressure and temperature levels within a modern internal combustion engine cylinder have been pushing to the limits of traditional materials and design. Piston cooling is a critical measure for achieving designed engine performance especially for heavy-duty internal combustion engines. The various piston cooling gallery structures have been widely applied in piston design to provide high cooling efficiency. In previous research of achieving high cooling efficiency of the piston gallery, only the reciprocating motion of piston has been considered and investigated fully. However, the secondary motion is another important quantity due to the inevitable gap between piston and cylinder liner. For its tiny displacement, the impact of piston secondary motion on oscillating flow and heat transfer of cooling oil inside the piston gallery has not been investigated or recognized. In order to obtain the secondary motion, a piston dynamics model was established in this study. And then, a simulation model named model-B was established with the computational fluid dynamics simulation method and a relative displacement method with a consideration of the reciprocating motion as well as the secondary motion. The piston secondary motion was directly applying on the boundary of the piston gallery. The relative displacement method allows the cooling gallery to be treated as a rigid body, and the original constant boundary conditions could be translated into varying conditions that change as a function of engine crank angle. As a contrasting model, another model named model-A was established without the secondary motion in order to find out the degree of impact. In order to validate the accuracy of the computational fluid dynamics simulation model-A, a recognized test of a cube cavity was borrowed to contrast with the simulation results. The simulation results were difference with the experiment values by ±15 %. In other words, the computational fluid dynamics simulation model has certain ability for predicting the rules of the oscillating flow and the heat transfer processes. The result of this study showed that the secondary motion could be regard as an impact load for the gallery with a radial acceleration of 2, 450 m/s<sup>2</sup>. The interface between the oil phase and the air phase was more unstable due to radial displacement. The oil flow inside the fluid mixing zone was more disorder. The results showed that the radial displacement of the secondary motion had the main influence on the oscillating flow of the cooling oil inside the gallery. Two dimensionless numbers were used to characterize the oscillating flow and heat transfer performance of the cooling oil inside the piston gallery. The Reynolds number indicated the flow state of fluid, and the Nusselt number indicated the convective heat transfer performance. The tilting angle of the secondary motion had the main influence on the instantaneous convention heat transfer performance of the piston gallery. The instantaneous oil charge rate of the gallery was reduced by the secondary motion, and the cycled averaged oil charge rate was reduced by 4.6%. The instantaneous convention heat transfer performance was affected by the secondary motion, and the biggest change ratio was 24.9%, which appeared in exterior region. For the whole heat transfer process, although the oil charge rate was reduced by the effect of the secondary motion, the cycle averaged heat transfer coefficient changed a little. The heat transfer efficiency of the cooling oil inside the gallery was improved, but the impact of the secondary motion on the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the gallery can be neglected. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Oscillating flow
Controlled terms:Combustion - Computational fluid dynamics - Cooling - Diesel engines - Dynamics - Efficiency - Engine cylinders - Engine pistons - Engines - Flow of fluids - Fluid dynamics - Fuel economy - Heat convection - Heat engines - Heat transfer - Heat transfer coefficients - Internal combustion engines - Non Newtonian flow - Pistons - Reynolds number
Uncontrolled terms:Computational fluid dynamics simulations - Convective heat transfer - Flow - Flow and heat transfer performance - Heat transfer efficiency - Heat transfer performance - Pressure and temperature - Secondary motion
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 612 Engines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 4.50e+02m/s2, Percentage 2.49e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20174104263205
Title:Experiment studies on impact of siphon gradient on gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristic
Authors:Zhang, Xiaoying (1); Li, Lin (1); Tan, Yihai (1); Wu, Yangfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, School of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Li, Lin(lilin_xjau@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:122-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the constant development and application of a large number of surface water resources, the Karez type underground reservoir has become the key of the water conservancy project in Xinjiang in recent years. The siphon pipeline with longer distance and larger vacuum is the most important part of the Karez type underground reservoir. This study explored the impact of gradient change on the hydraulic characteristics of siphon pipeline with inclined arrangement. A total of 11 gradients were designed at the installation height of 4 and 6 m. The waterhead changed from 5 to 135 cm. The experiment was carried out in organic glass pipes. The pipe length was 18.15 m. The observations and measurements included the gas-liquid two-phase flow phenomenon, void fracture, kinematic velocity of bubble, discharge capacity and total head loss inside the siphon. The experimental result shows that in the flat slope pipe, air bubbles were rich with diameter about 4-5 mm in the head of the pipe and the bubbles in diameter of 1 mm were on the wall of pipe. During the movement, the bubbles was clustered into big bubbles and moved in the different directions from the flow. In inverse slope pipe, many small bubbles were on the wall but the air movement direction was same with the flow direction. Different the flat slope, the airbag was concentrated near downstream when it moved downstream. Different from inverse slope pipe, the airbag moved upstream slowly in the opposite direction from the flow direction. With the gradual increasing of gradient, the fake cavitation phenomenon inside the pipe weakened little by little, the volume of bubble or airbag diminished and the quantity dropped off. With the gradual increasing of the gradient, the void fracture in the pipe diminished, the kinetic velocity of bubble accelerated, the water delivery flow in the siphon strengthened gradually, the total head loss also increased gradually, the maximum flow increasing percentage was 23.8% and the total head loss increased by 42.86%. When the gas rate was larger than 11%, flow type in pipe was transitional and air mass type and the effects of gradient on flow rate could not be ignored. When the gas rate was smaller than 30%, the siphon in the pipeline was unstable. The gas-liquid two-phase flow phenomenon induced by the gradient change under such the conditions above made the effect of gas rate on flow resistance different from the liquid phase flow. Thus, based on the experimental data at installation height of 4 m on inverse slope, a formula for flow rate estimation was derived under the condition of transitional and air mass flow with gas rate of 11%-30% on gradient of 1/60-1/10. The flow rate formula was validated by using data at the installation height of 6 m. The validation results showed the relative error of measured and calculated flow rate in the inverse slope pipe was within 6% and it in the positive slope pipe was within 7%. It suggests that the formula is reliable. The results above provide valuable information for the pipe arrangement in the practical engineering. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Flow rate - Fracture - Gases - Gradient methods - Groundwater resources - Liquids - Pipelines - Rivers - Siphons - Surface water resources - Surface waters - Underground reservoirs - Water management - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Development and applications - Dimensional analysis - Gas - liquid two-phase flows - Gas rates - Head loss - Hydraulic characteristic - Observations and measurements - Water conservancy projects
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 444 Water Resources - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.29e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.81e+01m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 4.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-02m to 1.35e+00m, Size 6.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20174104263219
Title:Greenhouse gas emission mitigation calculation of large scale straw biogas centralized supply project
Authors:Wang, Lei (1); Gao, Chunyu (1); Bi, Yuyun (1); Wang, Yajing (1); Wang, Hongyan (1); Sun, Ning (1); Yu, Jingjing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Chunyu(gaochunyu@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:223-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The large straw biogas project is an important way of new energy utilization of straw resource in China. It has great meaning to facilitate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and mitigation of climate change. The methods of literature research, fixed point monitoring and quantitative analysis were adopted. Taking the straw biogas project in Gengguan Village of Cangzhou City in Hebei Province of China as an example, this paper establishes a methodology of greenhouse gas emission reduction for large scale straw biogas project. The greenhouse gas emission reduction measures include project boundary, calculation of baseline emissions, project emissions calculation, leakage calculation, emission reduction and project monitoring. Calculation of baseline emissions refer to the greenhouse gas emission by straw stalk treating, rural resident daily used energy, and fertilizer production in farmland under no large straw biogas project. Project emissions calculation refers to the emissions produced by engineering transportation, power consumption, fossil fuel consumption and extra biogas torch combustion. We calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction of the straw biogas project in 2014. The results show that the baseline CO<inf>2</inf>emissions are 5 776.15 t, the project CO<inf>2</inf>emissions are 57.53 t, the leakage of CO<inf>2</inf>is 136.59 t and the CO<inf>2</inf>emission reduction is 5 582.03 t, which is approximately equal to CO<inf>2</inf>emissions by 2 100 t standard coal combustion. As required in NY/T 2142-2012 Specification for Process Design of Straw Biogas Engineering, the design working life of straw biogas engineering is no less than 25 a, the Gengguan Village straw biogas centralized gas supply project can at least achieve CO<inf>2</inf>emissions of 139 600 t. For every 1 t straw (dry weight) consumed, a net reduction of 3.56 t CO<inf>2</inf>emission can be got, and for every 1 m<sup>3</sup>methane used, 11.50 kg CO<inf>2</inf>emission can be reduced. Through the construction of greenhouse gas emission reduction measurement method of large scale straw biogas centralized gas supply projects, it is helpful to understand the emission reduction utility of large scale straw biogas centralized gas supply projects scientifically, analyze the main greenhouse gas emission sources during the project operation quantitatively, and further enhance the straw emission reduction capacity of biogas centralized gas supply projects. The order of the contribution of greenhouse gas emission is: Leakage > engineering operating power consumption emission > energy consumption emission of coal combustion in engineering operation > engineering transport activity emission. Leakage accounts for 70.36% of the total emissions, engineering operating power consumption emission accounts for 22.41%, energy consumption of coal combustion in engineering operation accounts for 4.71%, and engineering transport accounts for 2.52%. To reduce the operation and leakage emissions, the straw biogas projects should be located in the more concentrated areas of farmers, choose the material with corrosion resistance, good pressure resistance and strong environmental suitability, and change the flange connection and threaded connection to welding. In the meantime, we should strengthen the daily inspection, maintenance and management, upgrade the straw pretreatment (crushing) process technology, promote and use the solar heating, biomass furnace heating, biogas warming and other clean energy warming technology and greenhouse thermal insulation technology measures, and layout the straw storage sites and biogas fertilizer treatment center reasonably to reduce the energy consumption in the transportation. In view of the shortcomings of this study in the parameter selection, regional application and other aspects, we will strengthen the studies on relevant parameters and different regional case further. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Gas emissions
Controlled terms:Biogas - Carbon dioxide - Climate change - Coal - Coal combustion - Corrosion resistance - Electric power utilization - Emission control - Energy utilization - Exhaust systems (engine) - Fertilizers - Fossil fuels - Gas supply - Gases - Greenhouse gases - Metal drawing - Rural areas - Straw - Thermal insulation
Uncontrolled terms:CO2 emission reduction - Engineering operation - Environment friendly - Fertilizer production - Greenhouse gas emission reduction - Insulation technology - Literature researches - Mitigation
Classification code:413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 522 Gas Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 535.2 Metal Forming - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.24e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+00%, Percentage 4.71e+00%, Percentage 7.04e+01%, Volume 1.00e+00m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20174104263224
Title:Distribution pattern characteristic and type classification of rural settlements in loess hilly-gully region
Authors:Chen, Zongfeng (1); Li, Yurui (2, 3); Liu, Yansui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (3) Center for Assessment and Research on Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yansui(liuys@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:266-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rural settlements constitute the spatial area of region's production, livelihood and ecology. Therefore, it is necessary to study rural settlements' spatial distribution pattern for optimizing the town-villages construction pattern. In this paper, we aimed to improve the microcosmic study of rural settlements and provided theoretical support for the construction of new harmonioussocial society in the countryside. Based on the Google earth satellite images of Baota District in Yanan city in 2015, we obtained the rural settlements feature, arable land feature, road feature, and the river feature after geometric correction, coordinate registration, visual interpretation and vectorization. Then we conducted a quantitative analysis of the rural settlements' spatial distribution differentiation in Baota District using exploratory spatial data analysis model and geography grids analysis method, and identified the regional types basing on multi-dimensional characteristics. The results showedthat, 1) in the spatial distribution aspect, rural settlements in Baota District were characterized by obvious cluster spatial distribution mode, which was shown in the variable density of rural settlements. The density of rural settlements in northern area was higher than that in southern area, and the density higher than five per square kilometers mainly distributed in the north area of Qiaogou town and Chuankou town. In the scale aspect, rural settlements in Baota District showed an obvious spatial cluster distribution mode, and were in a "Y" structure. In the location aspect, rural settlements presented a normal distribution pattern along with the variations of elevation and slope. In the shape aspect, rural settlements had a low complexity in shape and most were stripe type. The shape index was also infected by the road level. The high shape index value distributed along the national level road and provincial level road, the low shape index value distributed along the lower level road; 2) the location of rural settlements closely related to the transportation, 81.42% of the rural settlements were approaching the main road less than 500m. And the location of rural settlements was also affected by the arable land, 59.7% of the rural settlements' farming radius distributed between 700 and 800 meters; 3) the characteristics of the rural settlements distribution pattern in the typical ditch area were influenced by the topographic factors, and the variation of rural settlements scale showed a multi-center characteristic. The distribution pattern of the rural settlements along the National HighwayNo. 210 was greatly affected by economic factors; and 4) based on the multidimensional feature combination matrix, the rural settlements were divided into nine types. The small scale-disadvantage location-aggregation distribution and small scale-disadvantage location-discrete distribution were the main problem areas. The spatial optimization of town-village was a complex and systematic engineering, and it was the first step to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of different area for rural settlements remediation and town-village spatial structure optimization. These results showed that rural settlements optimization should be based on different types, according to local conditions, and the main problem area should be the priority; the multi-center and equidistant distribution characteristics of gully settlements could be used to guide the rural settlements optimization. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Land use - Landforms - Location - Models - Normal distribution - Roads and streets - Rural areas - Sediments - Shape optimization - Spatial variables measurement - Structural optimization - Transportation
Uncontrolled terms:Loess hilly gully region - Pattern characteristic - Rural settlement - Type classifications - Yanan City
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.1 Probability Theory - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.97e+01%, Percentage 8.14e+01%, Size 5.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20174104263213
Title:Change law of organic carbon in lime concretion black soil aggregates with application of straw by δ<sup>13</sup>C method
Authors:Liu, Zhe (1, 2); Han, Jichang (1, 2); Sun, Zenghui (1, 2); Zhang, Weihua (1, 2); Yu, Zhenghong (3); Hou, Ying (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Shaanxi Provincal Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi'an; 710075, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources of China, Xi'an; 710075, China; (3) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China
Corresponding author:Han, Jichang(zenghuisun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:179-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Straw application is an essential measure for improving soil organic carbon (SOC) content, promoting soil aggregate formation and improving soil structure. In order to study the effects of application of rice straw with stable carbon isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C) on distribution and stability of water-stable aggregates of lime concretion black soil, and explore the dynamic variation and distribution of native soil organic carbon and fresh carbon in soil water-stable aggregates during straw decomposition, the rice straw spiked with the natural abundance of<sup>13</sup>C was incorporated with the lime concretion black soil. This experiment was conducted in a constant-temperature incubator indoor for 4 month, which used isotope tracer technique of the natural abundance of<sup>13</sup>C. The experiment included 2 treatments: CK (no straw) and Str (added with 1% straw); all samples were separated into 4 aggregate-size classes (>2000, 250-2000, 53-250, <53 μm) by wet sieving in the different incubation period, while organic carbon in bulk soil and soil aggregates in different size fraction were determined. The results showed that the content of microaggregates (<250 μm) in lime concretion black soil without rice straw was the highest, and the concentrations of organic carbon in various aggregates were lower than that with 1% straw. Compared with the control, the application of rice straw in lime concretion black soil not only significantly promoted the formation of >2000 and 250-2000 μm soil water-stable macroaggregates (P<0.05), but also increased the mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and macroaggregate content (R<inf>0.25</inf>) of water-table aggregates. Also, the value of fractal dimension in straw treatments was lower than the control. Specifically, MWD, GMD and R<inf>0.25</inf>value of aggregates of the straw treatments increased by 21.5%, 34.3% and 21.3% compared with the CK, respectively. And the fractal dimension value of straw treatments decreased by 2% compared with that of CK. After 120 days of incubation, >2000 and 250-2000 μm soil water-stable macroaggregates increased by 265.5% and 16.0% respectively, while the content of macroaggregates (>250 μm) became the highest, accounting for 63.28%. Consequently, application of rice straw was beneficial to the improvement of soil structure. The concentrations of organic carbon in different levels of aggregates were significantly (P<0.05) increased after additions of rice straw and the organic carbon contents in >2000, 250-2000, 53-250, and <53 μm aggregates were increased by 21.4%, 25.4%, 34.7%, and 50.0% compared with the control after 15 days of incubation. There is a most significant relationship between the GMD, MWD, R<inf>0.25</inf>value and the concentrations of organic carbon in 250-2000 and 53-250 μm aggregates (P<0.01), and a significant relationship between the GMD, MWD, R<inf>0.25</inf>value and the concentrations of organic carbon of >2000 μm aggregates (P<0.05). The dynamic variation of δ<sup>13</sup>C in soil water-stable aggregates was significant and the content of δ<sup>13</sup>C in soil water-stable aggregates improved significantly (P<0.05), which showed that the turnover rate of fresh carbon was faster. The fresh carbon supplied by rice straw was mainly in the 53-250 and <53 μm fraction of soil aggregates, making up 38% and 28% of the total, respectively. The result shows that the addition of rice straw can improve soil structure, and increase soil organic carbon content in all sizes of aggregates, which provide theory basis for soil quality improvement and organic carbon recycle in North China. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Organic carbon
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Decay (organic) - Fractal dimension - Fractals - Groundwater - Isotopes - Lime - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw - Well drilling
Uncontrolled terms:Black soil - Geometric mean diameters - Isotope-tracer techniques - Organic carbon contents - Soil organic carbon content - Soil water - Soil water-stable aggregates - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.29e-01yr, Age 3.33e-01yr, Age 4.11e-02yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.13e+01%, Percentage 2.14e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 2.66e+02%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 3.43e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.33e+01%, Size 2.50e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Size 5.30e-05m to 2.50e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20174104263204
Title:Design and experiment of low pressure Venturi injector based on double fertilizer inlets
Authors:Zhang, Jiankuo (1); Li, Jianian (1); Wu, Hao (1); Ma, Zeyu (1); Salih, Waleed Elnour Babekir (1); Hu, Hechen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jianian(ljn825@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:115-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Venturi injector has been widely used in the integrated irrigation system of water and fertilizer because of its advantages of low cost, simple structure, no external power and so on. In order to reduce the critical inlet pressure of the Venturi injector and make it suitable for low pressure irrigation and fertilization system, a kind of Venturi injector with double fertilizer inlets was designed. The design was based on the study results that increasing the numbers of fertilizer inlets can improve fertilizer absorption capability of Venturi tube. A total of 4 structural parameters (throat contraction ratio, contraction angle, diffusion angle and ratio of throat length and diameter) were required to be determined for the Venturi injector. A total of 16 combinations with the 4 structural parameters were designed by using the orthogonal method. The CFD simulation was used to simulate the fertilizer absorption performance of each scheme. According to the simulation results, the optimum combination of structural parameters was throat contraction ratio 0.3, contraction angle 20<sup>o</sup>, diffusion angle 8<sup>o</sup>and ratio of throat length and diameter 1.1. According to the optimum combination of structural parameters, a prototype of Venturi injector was manufactured by the 3D print technique for an experiment. The experiment was carried out in College of Modern Agricultural Engineering of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China. The water inlet pressure from 0 to 0.15 MPa was realized by adjusting the difference in height between the bucket and the Venturi injector and there were 8 points chosen from 0 to 0.15 MPa. The vertical distance between the liquid level and the fertilizer inlets was set to 500 mm. During the experiment, the fertilizer concentration was calculated. The experimental results showed that the measured values agreed well with the simulated values with the root-mean-square error of 0.22 L/min for fertilizer suction amount, 0.96% for flow ratio of inlet, 0.93% for fertilizer concentration, and 0.68% for fertilizer absorption efficiency. The change in measured and simulated fertilizer absorption performance with the inlet pressure was similar. The CFD simulation was used for compare single and double inlets injector with the same structural parameters and the results showed that under the same inlet pressure, fertilizer suction amount, flow ratio of inlet, fertilizer concentration and fertilizer absorption efficiency of the double inlets increased by 90%, 85%, 80% and 80%, respectively, compared to single fertilizer inlet. The measured critical inlet pressure was 0.007 MPa for the double inlets injector. When the inlet pressure was 0.05 MPa, the fertilizer concentration was 13.6%. Compared with the existing Venturi injector, the Venturi injector with double fertilizer inlets need much lower water inlet pressure to obtain the equal or higher fertilizer absorption performance and it is more suitable for low pressure irrigation system. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:3D printers - Birefringence - Computational fluid dynamics - Efficiency - Irrigation - Mean square error - Numerical analysis - Structural optimization - Structure (composition) - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption capability - Absorption efficiency - Absorption performance - Double fertilizer inlets - Low pressures - Root mean square errors - Science and Technology - Venturi injectors
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 745.1.1 Printing Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.60e-01%, Pressure 0.00e+00Pa to 1.50e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa, Pressure 7.00e+03Pa, Size 5.00e-01m, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 6.80e-01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.30e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20174104263215
Title:Non-destructive detection of wheat tiller morphological traits based on X-ray CT technology
Authors:Wu, Di (1); Yang, Wanneng (1, 2); Niu, Zhiyou (1); Huang, Chenglong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Chenglong(hcl@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:196-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat tillers play an important role for nutrition transport to support the wheat growth. The wheat stem diameter and thickness are closely related to lodging resistance. Meanwhile tiller number and tiller angle directly determine the plant type of wheat. Therefore, the morphological trait extraction of wheat tillers is very important to the study of wheat genetics research, breeding improvement and functional genes location. With the development of the wheat cultivation and genetic breeding, the fast and accurate measurement of morphological traits for wheat tillers is imperative. However, the traditional method for tiller trait measurement is still manual, which is destructive and time consuming. Although a lot of efforts had been made to extract the tillers traits generally based on visible light, it is not able to acquire the inner information of wheat tiller and is affected seriously by tillers overlap. To solve the problem, a nondestructive technology for wheat tillers measurement was proposed and equipped with X-ray CT imaging device. In this study, the X-ray CT imaging system was constructed with the Micro-focus X-ray source and flat detector, which was used to obtain the sinogram images of wheat tiller with the spatial resolution 61 μm by 61 μm, and totally 360 images were collected for every one degree rotation for each plant. Then the FBP and GPU algorithms were adopted to reconstruct the tomography image of wheat tillers based on the sinogram images, and the inner information of wheat tiller was visible in the image. Moreover, the specialized image analysis algorithms were designed to analyze the wheat tomography image, in which the algorithms of background subtraction, OTSU segmentation, removing small region, and connected region identification were applied to extract the tiller regions. After that, the wheat tiller morphological traits were extracted by the following methods, the tiller numbers were counted based on the number of connected areas, the stem diameter was computed by the information of area external rectangle, the tiller wall thickness was extracted with the information of area external rectangle and cavity rectangle, and tiller angle was obtained by the triangle relation of tomography images at different heights. Finally this method was evaluated by 107 wheat plants, which belonged to five different wheat varieties. After the wheat plants were measured by the system automatically, the plants were measured by manual method for comparison to evaluate the system measurement accuracy. The experimental results showed that the system measurement accuracy of the tiller number was 100%, the mean absolute percentage error of tiller angle, the stem diameter and the stem wall thickness were 3.65%, 4.84% and 7.86%, respectively and the RMSE for above traits were 2.96, 0.17 mm, 0.12 mm, respectively. The R2 value of tiller angle, the stem diameter and the stem wall thickness were 0.77, 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. The results demonstrated that this method had a good consistency with manual method, and performed a high accuracy for wheat tiller morphological trait measurements. In this study, the image acquisition efficiency was about 200 s per plant and the time used for image analysis was about 120 s per plant. Considering the parallel implement of image acquisition and analysis, the system efficiency was about 200 s per plant and was able to measure approximate 432 wheat plants in one day. Compared with manual method, this technology was able to detect the internal information of wheat tiller with high-accuracy and nondestructive. Moreover, it was able to extract novel phenotypic traits, which may contribute to the functional genomics and lodging resistance research of wheat plants. In future, more detailed information of wheat tiller such as vascular bundle, leaf sheath could be analyzed based on the higher resolution X-ray imaging device and more intelligent algorithms. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Computerized tomography - Efficiency - Geometry - Image acquisition - Image analysis - Image resolution - Image segmentation - Imaging techniques - Nondestructive examination - X rays
Uncontrolled terms:Background subtraction - Image acquisition and analysis - Image analysis algorithms - Intelligent Algorithms - Mean absolute percentage error - Nondestructive detection - Wheat tiller - X-ray imaging devices
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 746 Imaging Techniques - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 932.1 High Energy Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.65e+00%, Percentage 4.84e+00%, Percentage 7.86e+00%, Size 1.20e-04m, Size 1.70e-04m, Size 6.10e-05m, Time 1.20e+02s, Time 2.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 41>
Accession number:20174104263218
Title:Design and test of mass balance-based recirculating aquaculture system for higher place shrimp pond
Authors:Yang, Jing (1); Guan, Chongwu (1); Song, Hongqiao (1); Liu, Xingguo (1); Gu, Zhaojun (1); Guo, Yidun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200092, China; (2) Nanrong Aquatic Products (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai; 201700, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:217-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Higher place shrimp pond is an important production mode in China's shrimp production mode, but there are problems such as low utilization rate of water resources and pollution of aquacultural waters. In this paper vannamei as an object, using material balance principle and water purification facilities construction technology, including total ammonia balance, nitrification reaction oxygen balance, dissolved oxygen balance and the relationship between surface load and sedimentation rate of inclined pipe precipitation facility. To construct a highly efficient, low-cost of high pool recirculating aquaculture system, fluidized bed biological filtration facility volume were calculated using total ammonia balance. Based on the principle of dissolved oxygen balance, the oxygen demand of the system was calculated based on the oxygen consumption of nitrification and the dissolved oxygen concentration. Several key parameters were precisely established, such as physical filtration equipment of water treatment system volume, the volume of biological filtration facility, the circulating volume, oxygen supply and so on. According to the calculation results as well as taking into account the structure of the facilities between the convergence, and considering management and other factors, structure parameters of the system were determined, and a high pool recirculating aquaculture system were established, which including higher place shrimp pond and corresponding water treatment facilities and equipment, belt filter, pipe chute sedimentation facilities, fluidized bed biological filtration facility, aerobics facilities, circulating pumps and so on. The main technical parameters were: Aquacultural water of the system were 2 800 m<sup>3</sup>, the designed cultural density load was 2.5 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the circulated flow rate was 285 m<sup>3</sup>/h, the water supply was 3.5 m<sup>3</sup>/h and the power was 12.15 kW. The system covered an area of 2 750 m<sup>2</sup>. Application of the system to carry out vannamei breeding experiment in May 2015 lasted for 85 days, the results showed that: pH value of 7.43-8.03, DO of 5.32-7.82 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen value of 0.06-0.54 mg/L, the water quality controlled well good. The breeding system load reached to 2.26 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, feed coefficient was 1.17, the survival rate was 81.3% (by final average body weight), which achieved a efficient growth results. The single crop profited 33 400 yuan, which accessed good economic returns. The set values (expected value) of main parameters such as water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and aquaculture load were in good agreement with the measured values, and the deviation range between set value and the measured value was 4%-10.3%. The results provide a reference for the higher place pond culture model of sustainable development. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Aquaculture - Biochemical oxygen demand - Biofiltration - Design - Dissolution - Fluidized bed process - Fluidized beds - Lakes - Nitrification - Oxygen - Oxygen supply - pH - Shellfish - Structural design - Water filtration - Water pollution - Water quality - Water resources - Water supply - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Main technical parameters - Mass balance - Material balance principle - Recirculating - Recirculating aquaculture system - Shrimp ponds - Water treatment facilities
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 461.9 Biology - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.33e-01yr, Area 2.75e+03m2, Mass_Density 2.26e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.50e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.32e-03kg/m3 to 7.82e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e-05kg/m3 to 5.40e-04kg/m3, Percentage 4.00e+00% to 1.03e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+01%, Power 1.22e+04W, Volume 2.80e+03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.14.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普