<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20174104253202
Title:Characters of airborne contaminants emission from half stair-step cage breeding hen house during winter daytime
Authors:Li, Zonggang (1); Li, Baoming (1); Zheng, Weichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Weichao(weichaozheng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:220-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Environment and disease problems have negative effects on the development of egg industry. Airborne particles, airborne microorganisms and ammonia are the main contaminants emitted from laying hen houses. These air contaminants emitted from animal buildings may harm the environment and public health. PM2.5 can deposit in human lung, causing respiratory responses. It increases the risk of Asthma, vascular inflammation, lung cancer and heart disease. Airborne microorganisms with airborne particles as the carrier can cause cross disease infection of birds, threatening the biosecurity of the farm. Ammonia may harm the health of workers and birds, and reduce the animal production performance. In this research, the emission of airborne particles, airborne microorganisms and ammonia from a breeding hen house were monitored in the winter daytime in Beijing, China. Approximate 14000 layer breeding hens (32 week-old at the start of the experiment) and 400 adult male chickens were confined in 3 stair-step cages in the tunnel-ventilated house. During the experiment, fresh air was pulled in through 38 air inlets, evenly distributed along the sidewalls, and only one of the six exhaust fans (the experimental fan) was operated intermittently on a thermostat to control indoor air temperature. A new sampling system for airborne particles, airborne microorganisms and ammonia was designed, respectively. The airborne particles sampling system consists of a PVC sampling manifold, a glass fiber membrane, a drying tube, a flow meter and a vacuum pump. The ammonia sampling system consists of a PVC sampling manifold, an air washing bottle with boric acid solution, a drying tube, a flow meter and a vacuum pump. The airborne microorganisms sampling system consists of a PVC sampling manifold, an airborne microorganism sampler and a vacuum pump. The study was carried out in the winter daytime using these sampling systems. Average airborne particle and ammonia concentrations at the outlet sampling location were measured from 8:00-18:00 on each sampling day. Airborne microorganism concentration was sampled at the outlet location on each sampling day. Starting time were 8:00 and 13:00 (twice, 30 min for each time). In the experiment period, the temperature and humidity inside and outside the laying hen house were tested and recorded. Ventilation rate was calculated by the static pressure difference and the fan performance curve supplied by the manufacturer. The results showed that: 1) In the winter, the breeding hen house in Beijing conducted intermittent ventilation. The ventilation rate per hen and the ambient temperature showed positive correlation (P<0.05, R<sup>2</sup>=0.8837). 2) The air temperature in the laying hen house in the winter was controlled between 18.0 and 20.0℃. In the experiment period, the emission concentration of airborne particles was between 0.5 and 0.8 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, averaging 0.7±0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. The emission rate was between 1.0 and 1.5 mg/h per hen, averaging 1.2±0.2 mg/h. The emission concentration of airborne microorganism was between 4.0 and 4.5 log<inf>10</inf>CFU/m<sup>3</sup>, averaging 4.2±0.1 log<inf>10</inf>CFU/m<sup>3</sup>. The emission rate was between 4.3 and 4.8 log<inf>10</inf>CFU/h per hen, averaging 4.5±0.1 log<inf>10</inf>CFU/h. The emission concentration of ammonia was between 7.6 and 14.3 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, averaging 10.8±2.3 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. The emission rate was between 8.1 and 13.7 mg/h per hen, averaging 11.1±1.9 mg/h. Ammonia emission rate of this house was higher than that of layer hen houses with manure belt, but lower than that of high rise layer hen houses. In the experiment period, the ambient temperature was lower than indoor temperature. The ambient temperature and the ventilation rate showed small fluctuation. No correlativity was found between air contaminants emission concentration, emission rate and ambient temperature, ventilation rate, and indoor relative humidity. The results provided basic data and theoretical basis for the air contaminants emission from layer hen houses in China. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Houses
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Animals - Atmospheric temperature - Biological organs - Birds - Boric acid - Bottles - Contamination - Diseases - Emission control - Fertilizers - Flow measurement - Flowmeters - Microorganisms - Pathology - Pollution - Pollution control - Public health - Pumps - Stairs - Temperature - Vacuum pumps
Uncontrolled terms:Airborne contaminants - Airborne microorganisms - Airborne particle - Ammonia concentrations - Emission concentration - Indoor air temperature - Positive correlations - Temperature and humidities
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.3 Residences - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 618.2 Pumps - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.00e-07kg/m3 to 8.00e-07kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.60e-06kg/m3 to 1.43e-05kg/m3, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.25e-09kg/s to 3.81e-09kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.78e-10kg/s to 4.17e-10kg/s, Time 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20174104253177
Title:EDEM-CFD simulation and experiment of working performance of inside-filling air-blowing seed metering device in maize
Authors:Han, Dandan (1); Zhang, Dongxing (1); Yang, Li (1); Li, Kehong (1); Zhang, Tianliang (1); Wang, Yunxia (1); Cui, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Tao(cuitao850919@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:23-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The qualified index of original inside-filling air-blowing seed metering device could reach above 85% when working pressure was more than 5 kPa. In order to reduce the working pressure and energy consumption of fan and optimize the working effect of inside-filling air-blowing seed metering device, the installation position of combined compressed air nozzle was adjusted at first to make it as close as possible to the hole. The qualified index of seed metering device was lower than 85% when the working pressure was 2.5 kPa, and qualified index was reduced when increasing or reducing working pressure. Thus it can be seen that the installation position of combined compressed air nozzle has a significant influence on the sowing effect of seed metering device. In this paper, the bonded particle model was used to model maize based on theory of discrete element method, and the coupling analysis method of EDEM-CFD was applied to simulate the influence of different air nozzle installation positions on the working performance of inside-filling air-blowing precision seed metering device. Installation positions of combined air nozzle of structural parameter, working pressure and working speed of working parameter were selected as experimental factors, particle filling limiting velocity and filling time were used as evaluating indicators, the orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize working performance of seed metering device. The results of variance analysis of filling performance showed that the influence of three factors on filling limiting velocity was significant (P<0.05) and on filling time was not significant (P>0.05). The primary and secondary factors that affect the filling limiting velocity was working velocity > working pressure > installation position of combined air nozzle. A significant negative correlation (P<0.05) was found between filling limiting velocity and filling time and Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.785 (P=0.012). The results of variance analysis of cleaning performance showed that three factors had no significant (P>0.05) effect on qualified rate, reseed rate and leakage rate, but qualified index and filling limiting velocity were negatively correlated (P<0.05) when the combined air nozzle was in upper or lower position. The qualified index and filling limiting velocity was significantly positive correlation (P=0.01), the Pearson correlation coefficient was 1.00 and the significant level was 0.005. Therefore, in order to adapt to different working parameters of seed metering device, first of all, the installation position of combined air nozzle of structural parameters was optimized as the middle position. Bench test was performed to validate the simulation results. Double factor test of working pressure and installation positions of combined air nozzle was in progress when the working speed was 6 km/h, and compared with first generation seed metering device. Experimental results showed that the reseed rate of the installation position of combined air nozzle was lower than mille, but the upper position was opposite. The leakage rate of the middle installed position was better than the installation position of combined air nozzle and also was better than the installation position of combined air nozzle at the lower and upper positions. That is, the seed metering device has the best effect when the installation position of combined air nozzle was the middle, and the qualified rate of seed metering device was higher than 90% under all working pressure. The double factor test was carried out when the installation position of combined gas nozzle was at the middle with working speed of 4-12 km/h and working pressure of 3.0-7.0 kPa. Results showed that the seed metering device was easier to reseed at lower working pressure and lower working speed, it was easier to leakage at higher working pressure and higher working speed. On the whole, the qualified rate of seed metering device was higher than 90% under suitable working conditions. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Air cleaners - Compressed air - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Correlation methods - Energy utilization - Factor analysis - Filling - Finite difference method - Nozzles - Optimization - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Pressure effects - Pressure vessels - Speed - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Bonded particle models - Installation position - Orthogonal experiment - Pearson correlation coefficients - Positive correlations - Precision metering - Precision seed-metering devices - Seed metering devices
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 619.2 Tanks - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Velocity 1.67e+00m/s, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Pressure 2.50e+03Pa, Pressure 3.00e+03Pa to 7.00e+03Pa, Pressure 5.00e+03Pa, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s to 3.33e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20174104253176
Title:Development of 2BZ-2 type fine and small-amount seeder for foxtail millet
Authors:Hou, Huaming (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Zhang, Yanqing (1); Hu, Xizhong (1); Chang, Zhibing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:16-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Foxtail millet is a kind of minor coarse cereal. It is not one of the main grain crops, and is a kind of rainfed crop. So, it is mainly planted in the hilly and mountainous areas in northern China. Foxtail millet is becoming more and more popular in congee because of its mellow taste and abundant nutritional value. Given the characteristics of small and scattered planting plots for foxtail millet in northern hilly and mountainous areas, small seeder is more suitable for this kind of plot. According to the agronomic requirements of fine and small-amount sowing for foxtail millet, we design and manufacture the 2BZ-2 type fine and small-amount seeder for foxtail millet. This seeder consists of 2 sowing units, transmission system, ground wheels and body frame. Every unit is mainly made up of seed-metering device, furrow opener, soil coverer and press wheel. We use the tilt dise-type fine and small-amount seed-metering device for foxtail millet that was designed previously, and its working angle is 45°, and it has 36 filling holes and 36 seeding grooves. This device has got the national invention patent in China, and we have published an academic paper about it on Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. We design a kind of ship-shaped shovel type furrow opener, and its penetrating angle is 60°, its soil-cutting angle is 30°, its trenching width is 30 mm, and its height is 100 mm. We design a kind of scraper type soil coverer, and it mainly consists of 2 covering boards, connecting board and pull rod. The covering board is trapezoid-shaped, and its length is 100 mm, its front width is 80 mm, its back width is 40 mm, and its thickness is 3 mm. The included angle between the 2 covering boards is 50°, the inclined angle of the covering board toward the ground is 70°, and the width of the back opening between the 2 covering boards is 30 mm. We push the seeder and provide the driving force. The ground wheels pass the driving force to the seed-metering device via the transmission system. The transmission system is composed of two-stage chain drive and one-stage bevel gear drive. The chain drive uses the 08B roller chains and the matched chain wheels to drive down. The bevel gear drive uses 45° straight bevel gears to realize constant speed drive. According to the experimental requirements of Chinese National Standards, we design and conduct the seeding performance experiments and the field sowing experiments to test the working performance of this seeder. The seeding performance experiments include the tests of the consistency of every row's seeding quantity, the steadiness of total seeding quantity and the percentage of damaged millet. The field sowing experiments include the tests of the uniformity of sowing quantity and the consistency of sowing depth. The results of the seeding performance experiments indicate that, the coefficient of variation of consistency of every row's seeding quantity is less than or equal to 1.10%, the coefficient of variation of steadiness of total seeding quantity is less than or equal to 0.66%, and the percentage of damaged millet is less than or equal to 0.05%. The results of the field sowing experiments indicate that, the qualified index of hill spacing is greater than 83%, the replay index is less than 7%, the miss-seeding index is less than 12%, the coefficient of variation of qualified hill spacing is less than 10%, and the coefficient of variation of sowing depth is less than 1.5%. All the 8 indices meet the requirements of Chinese machinery industry standards. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the design and analysis of the fine and small-amount seeding equipment for foxtail millet suitable for the hilly and mountainous areas. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Bevel gears
Controlled terms:Chains - Crops - Design - Gears - Machinery - Mechanization - Patents and inventions - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Soils - Transmissions - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese national standard - Coefficient of variation - Experimental requirements - Field experiment - Fine and small amount - Hilly and mountainous areas - Millet - Seeder
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-02%, Percentage 6.60e-01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 8.30e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20174104253208
Title:Impacts of urban sprawl on agricultural land quality grade structure and potential production based on remote sensing
Authors:Chen, Dongxiang (1, 2); Zhou, Shenglu (2); Wu, Shaohua (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing; 210089, China; (2) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Shaohua(wsh@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:264-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization over the last three decades. Agricultural land loss and degradation due to urban occupation is one of the most serious issues in China. There were many studies on the quantity of agricultural land loss, however few researches focused on the agricultural land quality change due to urbanization. The impact of urban occupation on agriculture land quality was assessed in this paper by using remote sensing images and agricultural land quality data. We proposed 2 indicators to show the impacts of urbanization on agricultural land resource. One was quality index of agricultural land which can indicate the structure of agricultural land quality due to occupation by urban sprawl. The other was loss of production potential that is a comprehensive indicator of both quantity and quality change of agricultural land. We used the satellite data and agricultural land quality data sets of Jiangsu Province to evaluate the change of quantity, quality and potential production of agricultural land due to urbanization process from 1985 to 2015. The results showed that the total area of 3500 km<sup>2</sup>was lost dramatically due to urban sprawl in recent three decades, which accounted for 7% of total area of agricultural land in Jiangsu Province. In South Jiangsu Province which is the most developed area of Jiangsu, the loss of agricultural land accounted for 20% of total area. The loss rate of the central and north Jiangsu was 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively. The tendency of agricultural land loss due to the urban occupation would increase with the economic development and urbanization. Urban sprawl occupied the land around the city which was the high quality agricultural land. This process has led more and more loss of high quality land, the first, second and third level land of which accounted for 60% of total lost land. Although China implements the strictest land policy of requisition-compensation balance in arable land, high quality agricultural land loss became a serious problem due to their occupation around cities. Structure of land quality indicator was used to indicate comprehensive change of agricultural land. The research showed that the structure of land quality became worse, and the first, second and third level high quality land decreased by 1.5%. By the reason of the loss of high quality agricultural land in the urbanization process, the quality structure of agricultural land decreased, which would affect the crop production. In fact, the crop production decreased by about 5×10<sup>6</sup>t, which accounted for 14% of total crop production in Jiangsu Province in 2015. Therefore, the agricultural land quality change caused by urban sprawl should be paid more attention. The decreasing tendency of quantity and quality of agricultural land in short term will not change because urbanization is ongoing rapidly in China. The conservation of agricultural land is the base for food quality and food security. The protect object of agricultural land should be changed from quantity balance to quality and potential production balance. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Economics - Employment - Food supply - Land use - Remote sensing - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:Economic development - Impact - Land quality - Potential production - Productive - Remote sensing images - Requisition-compensation balances - Urban sprawl
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 3.50e+09m2, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+00%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20174104253175
Title:Progress of liquid biofuel development and demonstration facilities in foreign countries and its inspiration for China
Authors:Chen, Lungang (1); Zhao, Cong (1); Zhang, Qian (1); Li, Xi (1); Li, Yuping (1); Zhang, Xinghua (1); Wang, Chenguang (1); Zhang, Qi (1); Ma, Longlong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuping(liyp@ms.giec.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:8-15
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biofuels derived from renewable biomass has been the focus of bio-based economy. Especially the development of new processes and facilities from lignocellulosic waste for advanced biofuel production represents an important field for academic research and industrial innovation within bioenergy development. The technical pathways for advanced biofuel production include the processes of cellulosic ethanol through lignocellulose hydrolysis-sugar fermentation, two-step hydrogenation (hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization) of oils and fats (HVO), biomass gasification-Fischer Tropsch synthesis, biomass pyrolysis-upgrading of bio-oil and hydrotreating of algae oil via thermochemical, biochemical and hybrid conversions. Bio-oil, syngas, and sugars are used as platform chemicals. The progress of advanced biofuel development and the project activities in foreign countries were reviewed, which used lignocellulosic biomass, energy crops, municipal solid waste and organic waste as feedstock. The policies and regulations of advanced biofuels in America, Brazil, European Union and Canada, were described and compared. The current status of commercial and demonstration-scale facilities for advanced biofuel production was also discussed, mainly following the conversion processes of lignocellulosic ethanol, hydrotreated oils/fats (HVO) and biomass gasification-Fischer Tropsch synthesis. Although advanced biofuels have advantages for sustainable development, energy security and low carbon emission, the overall production and develop pathways cannot have cost parity with fossil-based fuels. The key barriers associated with its high cost include the unreliable feedstock availability, high production cost and uncertainty of policies. Biomass feedstock, especially lignocellulosic biomass, has huge annual amount worldwide, yet the significant hurdles for collecting, transportation and storage of biomass are needed to overcome in the scale-up of advanced biofuel production. And the limited lignocellulosic feedstock supply is also the result of uncertainties associated with its demand in the current market. Technical risk associated with scaling-up facilities is another restraining factor for investors due to the complexity of lignocellulosic feedstock and its conversion technologies, compared with starch-based corn ethanol. Financial support for pilot and demonstration plants can provide a valuable opportunity to validate technology from lab scale to commercial scale. Thus it would significantly reduce the technical and financial risks for new technology deployment. Cheap crude oil price in recent years is another reason, which resulted in the lack of policy irritation intention from government. As a consequence, the inconsistent developments of advanced biofuels cause its slowdown, and then form a vicious circle for limited feedstock supplements. The assessment of advanced biofuel in China was also discussed and its future development prospect was proposed. Due to the concern of food security in China, the only solution of biofuel production is using waste biomass via advanced technologies. HVO process is relatively easy and mature due to the utilization of bolt-on technologies by introduction of the advanced biofuel refineries into the existing petroleum refinery. Expanding the sources of oil feedstock by screening oil-fixing microorganisms, planting oil plant on marginal land will guarantee its long-term development in China. Cellulosic ethanol, bio-gasoline and biodiesel from lignocellulosic feedstock are essential guarantee for its perspective production. It is necessary to financially support cellulosic ethanol facilities of 100000 t/a and gasification-Fischer Tropsch facilities of 10000 t/a to demonstrate advanced biofuel production. And consistent policy measures are needed to provide investors with certainty about the future growth of advanced biofuel production in China, such as national mandatory addition of biofuel in transportation fuel, and adequate investment on demonstration project. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:69
Main heading:Oils and fats
Controlled terms:Biofuels - Biomass - Carbon - Cellulose - Cellulosic ethanol - Costs - Crops - Crude oil - Demonstrations - Economics - Energy security - Ethanol - Feedstocks - Fischer-Tropsch synthesis - Food supply - Gasification - Hydrogenation - Industrial research - Investments - Municipal solid waste - Well stimulation
Uncontrolled terms:Conversion technology - Demonstration project - Lignocellulosic biomass - Lignocellulosic ethanols - Lignocellulosic feedstocks - Lignocellulosic wastes - Long-term development - Project inspiration
Classification code:452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 512.1 Petroleum Deposits - 525.6 Energy Policy - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20174104253190
Title:Establishment and verification of model for ultrasonic soil water content detector
Authors:Li, Jun (1, 2); Xu, Yan (1); Jiang, Rui (1); Yang, Zhou (1, 2); Lu, Huazhong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zhou(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:127-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil water content is an important surface variable for describing the soil dryness. Soil water content estimation is used in the monitoring of extreme hydrologic events, weather prediction, irrigation management and water balance modeling. The phenomena of soil moisture expansion, drying shrinkage and bulk density change are obvious in the land-surface hydrological processes. In terms of long-term soil water content monitoring, if only considering the change of mass water content and ignoring the volume-weight change, it will affect the measurement accuracy of soil volumetric water content and information estimation of water movement. Improving the measurement accuracy of soil volumetric water content is conducive to the optimization of irrigation planning and other agricultural practice managements. Ultrasonic pulse velocity sensing can provide a way for nondestructive sensing, which is widely used in the fields of biomedical research, concrete cement concentration detection, and engineering quality assessment. At present, the quantitative effects of soil bulk density on soil water content estimation under different conditions have not been reported in the measurement of soil water content using ultrasonic pulse velocity. The statistical quantitative analysis with the samples of red soil, lateritic red soil and paddy soil from Guangdong Province was carried out in this study. An ultrasonic soil water content detector was developed by using the ZBL-U510 type nonmetal ultrasonic detector. Considering the importance of parametric variation in soil water content in a range of temperature field, under 3 different ambient temperature conditions (10, 20 and 30℃), the effect of soil water content content on ultrasonic velocity was obtained and a mathematical model was established, which represented the relationship between soil water content and differential ultrasonic velocity considering the temperature effect. The equations representing the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and soil volumetric water content were presented. It could be found that it was nonlinear relationship with very high correlation. The regression analysis showed that the coefficients of determination for 3 soil types were greater than 0.973, and the RMS (root mean square) errors were small. It indicated that Richards model is feasible to be applied to describe the relationship between soil water content and ultrasonic speed value. The experimental results illustrated that the gradient of volume will be changed from gentle to sharp due to soil absorption. Compared to the cases of red soil and lateritic red soil, the variation range of bulk density of paddy soil was the widest. The reason was that paddy soil had higher clay content (>30%) and more expansive clay minerals than red soil and lateritic red soil, which resulted in an enhancement in the expansion of soil. The ultrasonic velocity in the case of paddy soil was faster than the cases of red soil and lateritic red soil. It was evident that the ultrasonic velocity was affected by soil composition and mechanical behavior to a certain extent. The results showed that the higher the soil viscosity and clay content, the faster the ultrasonic wave propagated. Also, the effect of temperature on ultrasonic velocity for different soil water contents was significant. The propagation speed of ultrasonic wave in the soil was the fastest under the 20℃ temperature condition, the second was under the 10℃ condition, and the slowest was under the 30℃ condition. The Richards model was proposed to characterize the relationship between soil volumetric water content and differential ultrasonic velocity, which showed a high correlation and its prediction error was around 3%. The capability of the proposed segmented temperature effect model was proved and its prediction error was less than 5%. This study confirms that the soil water content estimation model based on ultrasonic pulse velocity considering the temperature effect can be used to predict the water content of the soil under variable thermal conditions. This study can provide a reference for the application of ultrasonic technology in the field of soil water content detection. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Errors - Estimation - Forecasting - Irrigation - Light velocity - Models - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Temperature - Ultrasonic applications - Ultrasonic testing - Ultrasonic velocity - Ultrasonic waves - Velocity - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural practices - Concentration detections - Information estimation - Non-linear relationships - Soil volumetric water contents - Soil water content - Temperature conditions - Ultrasonic pulse velocity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20174104253174
Title:Variation of grain consumption characteristics and safety cultivated land area in China
Authors:Xin, Liangjie (1); Li, Penghui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of the economy, income growth and urbanization process play a positive role in influencing diet adequacy in China. Rising consumption of meat, egg and milk results in the reduction of ration grain. China's food security policy is also transferred to "Ensuring ration grain safety". This paper aimed to study variation characteristics of grain ration consumption in China and the demand of cultivated land area in China to provide adequate ration grain. So China's government can develop agricultural policies to ensure China's food security. Based on the survey data, from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) on the dietary characteristics of urban and rural residents since 1989, CHNS Panel data of 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011 were used in this paper. In 2011, 5928 households in nine provinces and three municipalities were covered. For comparison purposes, all grain foods were converted into raw cereals based on the energy coefficients of food products. The major findings of our study were: (1) In recent years, grain ration consumption of China's urban and rural residents decreased significantly. The consumption per capita of urban and rural residents decreased from 168.4 to 111.2 kg, and 209.6 to 131.5 kg from 1997 to 2011, respectively. The national average decreased 196.6 to 124.7 kg in the same period. Now, per capita consumption of grain ration in the USA, Germany, Chinese Taiwan, Japan, etc., remains stable at the level of 125 kg. As such, there might not be enough reduction space for the consumption level of grain ration in the future in China. (2) The disparity of grain ration consumption between cities and countries diminished gradually, from 41.2 kg in 1997 to 20.3 kg in 2011. And in 2011, there was no significant difference between the two means. In the end, the consumption level of rural residents was the same as urban residents. (3) The national consumption of grain ration decreased from 243.06 million tons to 168.04 million tons from 1997 to 2011due to the reduction of per capita consumption, and the ratio of national grain ration consumption to total grain production reduced by about 20 per cent in the same period. Correspondingly, the minimum area of cultivated land demanded decreased from 41.29 million hm<sup>2</sup>in 1997 to 26.92 million hm<sup>2</sup>in 2011. (4) There was little difference between the results based on the data from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of China and CHNS, and the trends were also roughly the same. However, the consumption of urban residents calculated by the data from NBS was lower than the result by the data from CHNS, and the situation of the consumption of rural residents was just on the contrary. (5) In China, rice and wheat are the major staple foods. The consumption of rice and wheat was significantly reduced compared with other ration grains. So now we don't need so much cultivated land to produce ration grains, and the policy of stabilizing the planting area of ration grains(rice and wheat) implemented by the Chinese central government may not be proper and deserve further development. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cereal products - Crops - Food products - Food supply - Land use - Nutrition - Rural areas - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural policies - Cultivated lands - Food security - National consumption - Nutrition survey - Percapita consumption - Urban and Rural Residents - Variation characteristics
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.7 Health Care - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.00e+03kg to 2.03e+01kg, Mass 2.10e+02kg to 1.32e+02kg, Mass 4.12e+01kg, Mass 1.25e+02kg, Mass 1.68e+02kg to 1.11e+02kg, Mass 1.97e+02kg to 1.25e+02kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20174104253179
Title:Analysis of vibration characteristics and its major influenced factors of header for corn combine harvesting machine
Authors:Yao, Yanchun (1); Song, Zhenghe (1); Du, Yuefeng (1); Zhao, Xueyan (1); Mao, Enrong (1); Liu, Fan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Agricultural Equipment Research Institute of Shandong Wuzheng Group, Rizhao; 276825, China
Corresponding author:Du, Yuefeng(dyf@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:40-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a key component of combine harvesting machinery, the vibration characteristics of header play an important role to header frame structure and working performance. It not only needs to accomplish the operation of harvesting crops, but also is demanded to bear the function of supporting some parts, such as pick roller, conveying chain, gearbox and load box. At the same time, the performance of the header during operation will affect the vibration, noise and comfort directly. The interaction force between picking mechanism and crop during operation of corn harvesting machine, and the inertia force caused by dynamic unbalance of header and rotation motion of drive system, would lead to the failure of header. Therefore, vibration characteristics of header are very important for the design of corn combine harvester. In view of the problem of severe vibration and high failure rate during the operation of corn combine harvester, the dynamic vibration characteristics and the effects of header were investigated in this paper. Taking the header of corn combine harvester machine as research object, firstly, finite element model of header frame was established and its free mode was calculated. At the same time, the vibration test and modal experiment of header were carried out. Using eight-channel 24 bit INV3018C dynamic test acquisition instrument, the modal parameters and vibration modes were identified by the ERA (eigensystem realization algorithm). Secondly, the accuracy and reliability of finite element model were verified by the modal test. On the basis of the finite element model, the constraint mode of the frame was calculated. By means of time domain and frequency domain analysis method, the regulation of vibration amplitude characteristics, main vibration direction and frequency distribution of header in idle condition, transportation condition and field harvesting operation condition were obtained. Finally, the influence factors of header and the corresponding relationship between vibration frequency and modal parameters were analyzed. The changing regularity of vibration mode excited by vibration frequency was pointed out. It is shown that, the first order mode frequency is 27.260 Hz, the 2-10 order modal frequency ranges from 34.311 to 126.035 Hz, and the mode shapes are mainly bending modes and torsional modes. In addition, the working frequencies of spindle of header (28.77 Hz), chopping cutter (29.63 Hz), and field returning machine (43 Hz) all fall within the first 10 order modal frequency range. During the 3 conditions (idle speed, transport and field harvesting), the vibration differs by an order of magnitude between the operating of working parts and the engine operating only, which indicates that resonance has occurred in header. The main factors causing the vibration of header include the 2 order firing frequency of engine (76.25 Hz), road excitation frequency (1.5 or 2.5 Hz), self-excitation of header (header frame, header spindle, chopping cutter) and other working parts, which causes the coupled vibration of complex system. Through the comparison of modal parameters and vibration frequencies, it shows that the 2 order firing frequency of the engine produces a local mode of header, the road excitation will cause overall vibration, the vibration of header spindle and chopping cutter causes the one order bending mode shape, and the vibration of returning field machine causes the torsional mode. The result of this paper provides reference for vibration and modal measurement approach, offers guidance for design and optimization of header, and improves driving comfort level and working reliability. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Air navigation - Balancing - Composite beams and girders - Crops - Engines - Failure analysis - Finite element method - Frequency domain analysis - Harvesters - Harvesting - Machinery - Mechanization - Modal analysis - Models - Roads and streets - Time domain analysis - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Frequency - Frequency domains - Header - Modal shape - Time domain - Vibrations
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 412 Concrete - 431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 4.30e+01Hz, Frequency 7.62e+01Hz, Frequency 2.50e+00Hz, Frequency 2.73e+01Hz, Frequency 2.88e+01Hz, Frequency 2.96e+01Hz, Frequency 3.43e+01Hz to 1.26e+02Hz
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20174104253192
Title:Transportation regularity of colloid particle with surface runoff and fracture flow from sloping farmland in thin purple soil
Authors:Xian, Qingsong (1, 2); Tang, Xiangyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Xiangyu(xytang@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:143-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Colloids are defined as suspended fine particles with <10 μm diameter, which are ubiquitously present in subsurface geologic media. Excessive transport of colloids from terrestrial to aquatic environments may lead to various adverse impacts. It is important to quantify the export of colloids from agricultural field via surface runoff and subsurface flows as they may act as carriers of various strongly sorbing contaminants (e.g., radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides). A field study on the dynamics of flow processes and associated colloid transport was carried out in a 1500 m<sup>2</sup>sloping (6°) farmland plot with thin purple soil layer overlying fractured mudrock in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. The plot was hydrologically isolated from the surrounding geologic formations with cement walls inserted into the impermeable sandstone layer for 20 cm that underlies the mudrock layer. Rain-fed cultivation was practiced under corn-wheat rotation at the study site. There were 6 tensiometers installed at the 3 locations on the upslope (at depths of 15 and 25 cm), mid-slope (at depths of 15 and 45 cm) and downslope (at depths of 15 and 45 cm) to determine the dynamics of soil water potential. The discharge of surface runoff and fracture flow was recorded with tipping buckets connected an event data logger. Monitoring results for 3 representative rain events with distinctively different rain amounts, durations and intensities in the summer of 2015 showed that: 1) The generation mechanism of surface runoff varied over time as the rainfall proceeded, depending on antecedent soil wetness and the intensity and duration of rainfall; the highest depth (3.10 mm) of surface runoff was observed in the event on June 29 having the highest rainfall intensity (27.2 mm/h) and the greatest preceding rainfall of 64.6 mm. 2) Rain amount governed the dynamics of fracture flow. Moreover, due to the apparently better connectivity of transport pathways and hydrodynamic condition, surface runoff showed quicker response to rainfall and earlier discharge peak as compared to fracture flow. 3) Contributions of the mid-slope and downslope to surface runoff as well as fracture flow were obviously higher than that of the upslope. 4) The dynamics of colloid concentration responded faster to rainfall than both surface runoff and fracture flow despite the distinct differences in transport pathway, retaining mechanism and discharge; colloid concentration peak of fracture flow appeared later than that of surface runoff. 5) Colloid concentration in surface runoff was controlled by soil water saturation and hydrological conditions, and showed a more distinct trend of quick rising and falling as compared to fracture flow. During storm events, surface runoff was much stronger than fracture flow in transporting colloids, as indicated by markedly higher colloid concentration and cumulative colloid discharge observed in surface runoff. For example, during the rain event on June 29 in which surface runoff dominated, and the maximum concentration and cumulative discharge of colloids in surface runoff (4827 mg/L and 7177 g, respectively) were both more than 30 times of those in fracture flow (146 mg/L and 129 g, respectively). In the rain event on September 9, which was dominated by fracture flow (the flow depth of surface runoff and fracture flow was 1.08 and 9.81 mm, respectively), the cumulative colloid discharge in surface runoff (628.51 g) was still higher than that in fracture flow (546.12 g). Given the potential of facilitating the rapid transport of nutrients (e.g., phosphorus in particular) and pesticides over a long distance for colloid, our results can provide the reference for accurately predicting their export fluxes from farmland. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Colloids - Cultivation - Dynamics - Farms - Fracture - Heavy metals - Pesticides - Precipitation (meteorology) - Rain - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Central Sichuan Basin - Colloid concentration - Fracture flow - Hydrodynamic conditions - Hydrological condition - Maximum concentrations - Purple soils - Sloping farmlands
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.50e+03m2, Mass 1.29e-01kg, Mass 5.46e-01kg, Mass 6.29e-01kg, Mass 7.18e+00kg, Mass_Density 1.46e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.83e+00kg/m3, Size 1.08e-03m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.10e-03m, Size 4.50e-01m, Size 6.46e-02m, Size 9.81e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20174104253201
Title:Regeneration performance analysis of solar collector/regenerator with solution heat recovery
Authors:Peng, Donggen (1); Li, Shuangling (1); Cheng, Xiaosong (1); Huang, Hong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:213-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Solar liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has attracted many attentions owing to the advantages of utilizing low grade thermal energy such as solar energy, in which the solar collector and regenerator can be designed respectively. In addition, solar collector and solution regenerator can be combined together to construct solar collector/regenerators (C/Rs) that have better performance of regeneration. Solar C/Rs are the key component of system, because the cooling capacity of system is determined mainly by the regeneration efficiency. Moreover, in order to reduce top heat losses and eliminate contamination of the solution by dust, the C/Rs can be covered with the glazing plate. An experimental study on the effect of glazing plate height of solar C/Rs indicated that the optimum glazing plate height is 0.07 m, and the performance of the optimally glazed C/R is better than an unglazed C/R for hot humid climates. Analysis based on experimental data and numerical simulation was presented, and the results show a higher inlet solution temperature can increase the performance of regeneration. So the method of preheating the inlet solution was adopted to increase the efficiency of solar C/R, and solution heat recovery device was used to preheat the inlet solution by recovering the heat from the outlet solution. However, there have not been sufficient studies on the effect of various parameters on C/R performance with solution heat recovery. In this paper, the solution heat recovery device, by recovering heat from the outlet solution to preheat the inlet solution, was adopted to increase the efficiency of solar C/R. The numerical simulation method was adopted for analyzing the effects of the glazing plate height, solution parameters, air parameters, solar radiation intensity and other factors on the regeneration efficiency of solar C/R with solution heat recovery. Several physical assumptions were made, followed by modeling of counter-flow regeneration. And the previous experimental data were used for the comparison with the numerical results to validate numerical model. In the simulation conditions, the results show: Using a heat recovery device can improve the regeneration efficiency by 93.6% equivalent to adding 0.8 m length of C/R; the higher efficiency of heat recovery device causes the higher regeneration performance; the flow rates have an optimum value, which yields a maximum rate of water evaporation and regeneration efficiency. The optimum values of flow rates of solution (or air) increased with the increase in air flow rate (or solution flow rate), and the optimum ranges of flow rates of solution and air are 8-15 and 100-150 kg/h, respectively. The optimum range of glazing plate height is 0.08-0.1 m when flow rates are in the optimum ranges; higher inlet temperature of solution or air both can increase regeneration efficiency, but the method of heating solution is much more effective than heating air; the decrease of inlet concentration of solution or relative humidity of air both can be in favor of solution regeneration; the higher solar radiation intensity yields better performance of regeneration for the solar CR with heat recovery. All these results can provide guidance for the design and performance analysis of the solar CR. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Collector efficiency
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Driers (materials) - Flow rate - Glazes - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Radiation effects - Regenerators - Solar collectors - Solar energy - Solar radiation - Temperature - Waste heat - Waste heat utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Liquid desiccant air-conditioning - Numerical simulation method - Performance analysis - Physical assumptions - Regeneration efficiency - Regeneration performance - Solar radiation intensity - Solution temperature
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.3 Air Conditioning - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 813.2 Coating Materials - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 2.78e-02kg/s to 4.17e-02kg/s, Percentage 9.36e+01%, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20174104253199
Title:Establishment of broiler quality estimation model based on depth image and BP neural network
Authors:Wang, Lin (1, 2); Sun, Chuanheng (1); Li, Wenyong (1); Ji, Zengtao (1); Zhang, Xiang (2); Wang, Yizhong (2); Lei, Peng (1); Yang, Xinting (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Agricultural Information Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Information Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing Agricultural IOT Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Tianjin University of Science and Technology School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin; 300222, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xinting(yangxt@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:199-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Body weight is one of the main growth indices in broiler production, which is a comprehensive parameter in the broiler growth. The most common method to measure weight is manual operation, in which the broiler is captured and placed on the electronic scale. This method decreases animal's welfare and increases labor; in addition, it also will affect the yield and quality, and even cause the death of broilers. It can't be applied in commercial farms. The Kinect 3D (three-dimensional) camera which can measure the phenotype features with a non-invasive way has been applied into animal's weight acquisition. A broiler quality estimation method based on depth image was proposed in this paper. Yuncheng partridge shank chickens were chosen as research objects and an image collection system was constructed in a local farm. In this experiment, 150 broilers were selected randomly and the duration was the lifespan, 30 days. The acquisition system is composed of a Kinect depth camera, an industrial control computer, a serial port switching electronic scale and a fence. The procedure of image preprocess consists of image cropping, median filtering, OTSU threshold segmentation and binarization. And the maximum target in the binary image after morphological reconstruction, such as opening and closing, was recognized as object. In the feature extraction stage, 9 features were extracted using a mathematical geometry method, including area, eccentricity, width, length, radius, perimeter, volume, back width, and day age. In the model construction stage, a BP (back propagation) neural network was designed with 9 feature inputs and 1 weight output. After sampling randomly, 1985 samples were used as the training set, and the remaining 20% were used as the test set. Based on these data, the body mass estimation model was established to realize the population mass estimation. Compared with the measured results, the estimation has good performance. The root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.048 kg, the mean relative error (MRE) is 3.3%, the optimal fitness is about 0.9943, the minimum relative error is 0.5% and the maximum relative error is about 11%. Different feature group and BP neural network were designed and trained. From the results of different modeling, it can be seen that the influence of 3D feature on the body mass is smaller than that of 2D feature. For the 3D features, the target volume has the least impact on the results, and for the feature from 2D group, the projection area has the greatest impact on the results. The fitting results of model which used 9 input parameters were the best. These results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective for constructing broiler quality estimation model. It provides theoretical basis for estimating broiler growth with machine vision technology as well as precision feeding. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Animals - Backpropagation - Binary images - Bins - Cameras - Computer control systems - Electronic scales - Errors - Estimation - Extraction - Feature extraction - Image segmentation - Mean square error - Median filters - Models - Neural networks - Population statistics - Scales (weighing instruments)
Uncontrolled terms:Body mass - BP (back propagation) neural network - Broiler - Comprehensive parameters - Depth image - Industrial control computer - Machine vision technologies - Morphological reconstruction
Classification code:694.4 Storage - 703.2 Electric Filters - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-02yr, Mass 4.80e-02kg, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20174104253210
Title:Ventilation improving drying uniformity of germinated brown rice under continuous microwave conditions
Authors:Zheng, Xianzhe (1); Zhu, Guanghao (1); Lu, Shuwen (2); Xu, Hao (1); Liu, Chenghai (1); Qin, Qingyu (1); Sun, Jingkun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Food Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:280-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Germinated brown rice (GBR) is a type of brown rice with sprout length of 1-2 mm, which is germinated in the appropriate temperature and humidity. GBR contains a large number of bioactive compounds, such as Gamma-aminobutyric acid, inositol hexaphosphate and glutathione, and has high physiological activity and highly nutritious, sanitarian and pharmacological effects. As a result, GBR is known as active rice for commodity. Fresh GBR is produced by soaking the brown rice in a mild water with germination temperature of 35-37℃ and final moisture content of about 30.0% (wet basis). It is a necessary process to dehydrate the fresh GBR to safe moisture content of 14% (wet basis) to prevent the quality deterioration, such as the degradation of nutritious compounds, spoiling and sour smell. Dried GBR should have enough bioactive compounds, complete shape and normal color (favored golden yellow) to meet the requirement of consumers. Hot air drying is the conventional method to dry GBR, which is the most common drying method with long drying time, high energy consumption and poor quality. Microwave drying technology is a feasible technology for the drying of GBR with high efficiency, easy control and wide feasibility. However, non-uniformity of drying seriously influences the drying quality of dehydration material and the utilization of microwave energy. In order to improve the uniformity of GBR in a continuous microwave dryer, the combination of the platform test, computer simulation and theoretical analysis was employed to analyze the microwave energy distribution in the material layer of the microwave dryer. The effects of ventilation velocity on the uniformity of GBR during microwave drying were investigated. The distribution and utilization of microwave energy in material layer of microwave dryer depend on the strength of electrical field and changes of dielectric properties of material that are the function of temperature and moisture, which play the key role in influencing the distribution and changes of temperature and moisture content of GBR. The results showed that the electric field intensity in the material layer in an already established microwave dryer did not proportionally increase with the microwave input power due to low transmission efficiency and high reflection loss of electromagnetic wave. In the microwave drying process of GBR, the ventilation airflow may blow away the vapor from GBR. The excessively low ventilation velocity had weak capacity of carrying vapor in a microwave drying cavity. In the case of excessively high ventilation velocity, the coupling of the dryer structure and the airflow movement may cause the uneven flow distribution in material layer. The appropriate ventilation velocity was in range of 0.5-1.0 m/s, which could promote the uniformity of the electromagnetic wave distribution. The feedback loss and transmission efficiency of microwave between feed ports of waveguide resulted in a serious decline of the utilization of microwave energy in material layer. There was obvious distribution difference of moisture and temperature in GBR layers in microwave drying. The microwave drying technology with ventilation may weaken the non-uniform consequence of electric distribution to improve the drying uniformity of GBR and assure its drying quality. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Air - Amino acids - Circular waveguides - Dielectric properties - Dryers (equipment) - Electric fields - Electric losses - Electromagnetic waves - Energy utilization - Microwave heating - Microwaves - Moisture - Moisture determination - Produced Water - Velocity - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Electric field intensities - Gamma-aminobutyric acids - Germinated brown rice - Microwave drying process - Pharmacological effects - Temperature and humidities - Transmission efficiency - Uniformity
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 643.5 Ventilation - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 714.3 Waveguides - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m to 2.00e-03m, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s to 1.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20174104253198
Title:Design of monitoring and counting system for bee colony based on ultralow-power consumption MCU and photoelectric sensor
Authors:Chai, Qiuzi (1); Chen, Dongxiao (2); Yu, Hong (3); Fang, Xianping (3); Kou, Haiyuan (2); Li, Hongliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (3) Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou; 310024, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongliang(hlli@cjlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:193-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of the science and technology of modern agriculture, facility agriculture gets increasingly popular. Strawberry produced in facilities such as high tunnel is one of the key components for Chinese agriculture in some regions because of high economic return.. Because the flowering period of facilities strawberry is in winter, there is a high humidity in greenhouse, the mobility of air is limited, and the most important is lack of medium for strawberry pollination. Therefore, in the winter facilities strawberry, Apis cerana pollination is necessary for the improvement of the production and quality of strawberry. However, the lack of the specific counting system to monitor the activities and efficiencies of pollinating bees in facilities strawberry needs to be addressed. Here, a novel set of monitoring and counting system for honeybee colonies vitality was designed by using the photoelectric sensors (H42B6) and wireless serial ports, and successfully applied in the facilities strawberry. The system was composed of a low consumption single chip microcomputer of MSP430G2553 as the control core, and double infrared photoelectric sensors as the bees counting components. The control core cpu worked at the voltage of 1.8 V to 3.6 V and it has five low consumption modes (LPM0, LPM1, LPM2, LPM3, LPM4) and the working current was also low. When the cpu worked at the clock frequency of 1Mhz, the chip working current was only around 200 μA to 400 μA, which made the whole system work at the advantage of low power. As a sensor module, double photoelectric consisted of an enter/close for bees in and out, and because the number of bees were large, the system had the same two enter/closes to avoid bees' congestion around the hives. According to the diode performance characteristic, when bees got in or out of the hives, the double infrared photoelectric sensors recorded the counting signals, which triggered the MCU's external interrupt. Then MCU dealt with the received signals from the infrared photoelectric sensors to display the bees' real time access number on LCD12864, as well as transmit the corresponding data to the computer through the wireless serial port device. The whole data were respectively sum of the number of bees in and out from two enter/closeshives. The field test proved that the performance of the whole system was well and the power consumption was low. There was voltage chip TPS7333 in the system circuit, which can supply stability voltage (3.3 V) to the system. So, the power supply of the system is quite convenient for the alternative 220V alternating current and the general portable power source (5 V). The field test results showed that this monitoring system can not only count bees in and out of hives, but also reflect the bees' activity pattern. It is suitable to monitor and count the dynamic activity of the pollination bees in the facilities strawberry. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer systems - Display devices - Electric power utilization - Fruits - Microcontrollers - Photoelectricity - Sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Infrared photoelectric - Performance characteristics - Photoelectric sensors - Portable power sources - Science and Technology - Single chip microcomputers - Strawberry pollination - Ultra-low power consumption
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 2.00e-04A to 4.00e-04A, Voltage 1.80e+00V to 3.60e+00V, Voltage 2.20e+02V, Voltage 3.30e+00V, Voltage 5.00e+00V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20174104253214
Title:Effects of frequency and voltage of high voltage pulsed electric field on improving vigor of aged cotton seed
Authors:Yan, Yinfa (1, 2); Zhou, Shengxiang (1); Song, Zhanhua (1); Li, Fade (1, 2); Zhang, Chunqing (3); Zhang, Xiaohui (1); Song, Hualu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Song, Zhanhua(songzh6688@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:310-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the effect of the frequency of the pulsed electric field on the aged cotton seed vigor, high voltage pulse power supply and arc electrode were used to process aged cotton seeds with different frequency of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 Hz at the voltage of 16 and 20 kV, and the treatment time was 40 s. The results showed that the change trends of all indices were consistent for pulsed electric field with different frequency. When the frequency of the electric field increased, the effects increased and reached the maximum at 10 Hz. It could be seen that the electric field frequency had a threshold in this test condition. After 10 Hz, as the electric field frequency increased, the effects began to decrease. Compared with the CK, the germination potential showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 10 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 5, 20 and 50 Hz, but no significant difference at 1 Hz. The germination rate showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 10 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 5, 20 and 50 Hz, but no significant difference at 1 Hz. The germination index showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 5, 10 and 20 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 50 Hz, but no significant difference at 1 Hz. The vigor index showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 5, 10, 20 and 50 Hz, but no significant difference at 1 Hz. In conclusion, when the voltage was 16 kV, the treatment effect was better at 10 Hz. The 4 indices of cotton seeds with the 10 Hz treatment were increased by 39%, 54%, 57% and 81% respectively in comparison with that of the CK. In comparison with that of the CK at the voltage of 20 kV, the germination potential showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 10 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 5 Hz, but no significant difference at 1, 20 and 50 Hz. The germination rate showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 10 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 1, 5 and 20 Hz, but no significant difference at 50 Hz compared with the CK. The germination index showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 10 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 1, 5, 20 and 50 Hz. The vigor index showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) at 10 Hz, and a significant difference (P<0.05) at 1, 5, 20 and 50 Hz. In conclusion, when the voltage was 20 kV, the treatment effect was better at 10 Hz. The 4 indices of cotton seeds with the 10 Hz treatment were increased by 28%, 43%, 38% and 62% respectively in comparison with that of the CK. The results showed that when the frequency was 10 Hz, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index were significantly improved, and had very significant difference (P<0.01). The treatment condition of 16 kV was better than 20 kV. The results indicated that the effect of electric field frequency on seed vigor index existed, and the influence trend of each index was consistent. It means that there is an optimal frequency range when the electric field strength and processing time are determined. It can increase seed vigor to the maximum. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Electric power systems
Controlled terms:Cotton - Cultivation - Electric fields - Electrodes - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Different frequency - Electric field frequency - Electric field strength - Germination potential - High-voltage pulse power supply - High-voltage pulsed electric field - Pulsed electric field - Treatment conditions
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+00Hz, Frequency 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 2.00e+01Hz, Frequency 5.00e+00Hz, Frequency 5.00e+01Hz, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01%, Percentage 5.70e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Voltage 1.60e+04V, Voltage 2.00e+04V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20174104253203
Title:Rice floating bed with substrated ceramsite improving bacterial activity and diversity under condition of coexistence of fish and rice
Authors:Tao, Ling (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Jianqiang (1); Li, Xiaoli (2); Song, Chaofeng (2); Peng, Liang (2); Dai, Lili (2); Li, Gu (2); Lu, Guangquan (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering and Research Center on Ecology of Wetland and Agricultural Use, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou; 434025, China; (2) Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan; 430223, China; (3) Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan; 430070, China; (4) Hubei Clear Green Water Treatment Technology Co., LTD, Yichang; 443002, China
Corresponding author:Li, Gu(ligu667@yahoo.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:227-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The planted floating bed is an innovative technology which consists of aquatic or terrestrial plants growing in a hydroponic manner with buoyant frames floating on the surface of waters. It is regarded as a low-cost, solar-energy-based and eco-friendly technology for in situ purification of surface water, and has been used all over the world as an important ecological remediation to control water eutrophication. At present, the conventional planted ecological floating bed body is generally made of natural materials and artificially synthesized materials. However, natural materials such as natural wood and bamboo are easy to rot and artificially synthesized materials such as synthetic polystyrene foam may easily cause secondary contamination if being long-term immersed in water. Porous ceramsite has high porosity and specific surface area which is in favor of absorbing microorganisms and is an ideal filtration material widely used in wastewater treatment. Biolog-ECO method has advantages over both classic cell culture techniques and molecular-level RNA (ribonucleic acid) amplification which has been widely used and shown to be a useful tool to detect differences in functional diversity of microbial populations in aquatic environments. In the present study, a novel type of floating bed carrier, which was mainly made of ceramsite functioned as a medium for biofilm growth and buoyant frames, was developed to remedy the water environment in the fishpond. Rice was planted on the floating bed functioned as nutrients assimilation species because it has strong anti-pollution and fast-growing abilities. The objective of the present study was to combine the rice hydroponic planting floating bed system and new floating bed carrier to develop an appropriate approach for the recycling of nitrogen and phosphate in the fishpond, and use it for eutrophic water remediation by studying the water quality purification efficacy and its effect on the metabolic activity and diversity of bacterioplankton in fishpond. The field experiments were carried out in 6 intensive fishponds in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China during the growing season in 2014.The results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and nitrite nitrogen (NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N) in the ponds employing the novel floating bed were significantly lower than that in the control ponds in August, and the permanganate index (I<inf>Mn</inf>) was significantly lower in August and October. The metabolic pattern and diversity of bacterioplankton in the fishpond were analyzed by Biolog-ECO technique. The metabolic activity, which was indicated by average well color development (AWCD), Shannon diversity index and richness index in August and Shannon evenness diversity index in October, was significantly higher in the test ponds applying floating bed than that in the control ponds. The results indicated that the application of the novel floating bed changed the carbon source utilization pattern of the bacterioplankton communities in the intensive culture pond, and increased the metabolic activity and functional diversity of the bacterioplankton while controlled nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition level in the pond water. In addition, the rice absorbed nutrition directly from the fishpond water and formed biomass and gained a yield of 5900 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, which could provide extra profit. The results can provide a new approach for the regulation of water environment in aquaculture ponds, and provide valuable insight and theoretical guidance for controlling and optimizing the structure of bacterioplankton by applying the ecological engineering measures such as floating bed. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Water recycling
Controlled terms:Air navigation - Bacteria - Buoyancy - Carbon - Cell culture - Ecology - Environmental management - Eutrophication - Fish ponds - Lakes - Metabolism - Nitrogen - Nitrogen compounds - Nucleic acids - Nutrition - Phosphorus - Pollution - Ponds - Purification - Remediation - River pollution - RNA - Solar energy - Surface waters - Wastewater treatment - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Biolog-ECO - Ceramsite - Floating-bed - Rice - Water environments
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 444.1 Surface Water - 445.2 Water Analysis - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.7 Health Care - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20174104253186
Title:Simulation of runaway transient characteristics of tubular turbine based on CFX secondary development
Authors:Luo, Xingqi (1); Li, Wenfeng (1); Feng, Jianjun (1); Zhu, Guojun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:97-103
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:When hydraulic turbine operates in load rejection process, the rotating speed of turbine will increase rapidly until it reaches the runaway speed if speed control system is out of order and the guide vane cannot be closed, this process is called runaway transient process. In this process, the working parameters of the hydraulic turbine will undergo serious changes, and a series of complex physical phenomena caused by the inertia of flow and the inertia of unit will seriously affect stable operation of the power plant. In order to ensure the stable operation of the power station and the safety of equipment, it is necessary to study the transient process of the hydraulic turbine. In general, the research on the transient process is mainly focused on one-dimensional numerical solution, but the method cannot capture the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic turbine during the transient process. In recently years, numerical simulation method about transient process simulation of hydraulic turbine has become increasingly mature with the development of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology. Compared with the conventional vertical hydraulic turbine, tubular turbine has some characteristics such as short channel, large flow rate, high specific speed, and its dynamic characteristics are obvious because of the large flow inertia constant of the whole system. Based on this, three-dimensional transient numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate the runaway process of tubular turbine through secondary development of CFX software and Fortran, and the variation characteristics of rotating speed, flow rate, torque and axial force and the inner dynamic characteristics of hydraulic turbine are analyzed. The calculation results show that the runaway speed obtained is in good agreement with the test result, and the error is less than 2.5%, so it proves that the numerical method used in tubular turbine's runaway transient process is reliable. The main research results can be divided into the following points: Firstly, in the runaway transient process, relative flow angle decreases with the increase of rotating speed, the impact of water flow on the suction surface of the blade inlet causes flow separation on the pressure surface, and thus negative pressure zone is caused, which will seriously affect cavitation performance of water turbine. Secondly, the flow inside the draft tube is not stable because the runner outlet circulation increases gradually with the increase of rotating speed. When the outlet circulation increases to a certain value, there is obvious spiral eccentric vortex in draft tube which induces a strong low frequency pressure pulsation. The pressure pulsation frequency is about 0.21-0.25 of the rotational frequency and the amplitude can reach 5.4 m, and it causes strong vibration of the unit, which seriously threatens the safety of the plant. In short, the numerical calculation method can be directly used to calculate turbine runaway transient process and can provide more accurate basis for unit structure strength design and operation management. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Hydraulic motors
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Computer software - Flow of water - Flow separation - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic turbines - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models - One dimensional - Rotating machinery - Speed - Tubular turbines - Turbine components - Turbomachine blades
Uncontrolled terms:CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Low-frequency pressure pulsations - Numerical calculation methods - Pressure pulsation - Runaway transients - Secondary development - Transient numerical simulation - Vibrations
Classification code:601.1 Mechanical Devices - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+00%, Size 5.40e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20174104253205
Title:Hyperthermophilic pretreatment device and its application on improving decomposition effect for chicken manure and rice straw aerobic composting
Authors:Cao, Yun (1); Huang, Hongying (1); Qian, Yuting (1); Wang, Lin (1); Xu, Yueding (1); Jin, Hongmei (1); Sun, Jinjin (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Hongying(sfmicrolab@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:243-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Composting is a process of controlling and enhancing the biological decomposition of organic residues into usable end product such as organic fertilizer. However, the disadvantages of malodor problems, long processing cycle and N loss caused by traditional composting plants, and are particularly problematic in countries with high population densities. The particle size, moisture content, C/N ratio and temperature are the key parameters influencing the process. In this study, we established a novel hyperthermophilic pre-treatment (HTPRT) method that used a temperature-adjustable HTPRT reactor for pre-heating of feedstocks, and then the in-vessel post-composting (IPC) process to mature composts. The feedstocks for composting were mainly chicken manures and rice straw. Three treatments included the control (conventional composting, CK), HTPRT (85℃, 4 h) followed by an IPC process (HPC), the HTPRT process (85℃, 4 h) followed by an IPC process inoculated with fresh chicken manures (0.5%, dry weight basis) (I-HPC). The composting treatments were in triplicate and lasted for 62 days. Temperature, pH value and moisture dynamics and organic material decrement were determined. C/N ratio, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, humification index (HI) and germination index (GI) had been chosen for the determination of compost stability and maturity, and the comparison among the three composting techniques. HTPRT accelerated organic matter degradation during the thermophilic phase and prolonged the thermophilic phase in the IPC process. The maximum composting temperature in HPC and I-HPC treatments were 13.6 and 12.8℃ higher than that in CK. The thermophilic period of composting (≥50℃) in HPC and I-HPC treatments lasted 2 and 3 days longer than that in CK. The IPC process was reduced significantly in comparison with the traditional composting process. However, addition of the fresh chicken manure did not accelerate HTPRT-IPC process, no significant difference was found in composting cycle between HPC and I-HPC. After HTPRT, the bulk density of the residues was reduced from 0.81 to 0.72 g/cm<sup>3</sup>and the pH value was declined by 1-2.However, the content of DOC was increased from 106 to 124 g/kg, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and ammonium N contents were increased by 3.2 and 2.45 folds, respectively. The organic matter degradation rate constants in I-HPC and HPC were 0.0501, 0.0534 d<sup>-1</sup>, significantly larger than that in CK (0.00143 d<sup>-1</sup>). Consequently, the total organic carbon content in the mature product of HPC and I-HPC (182.1, 192.1 g/kg) were 11.3% and 6.4% lower than that in CK (205.3 g/kg). TN contents in the mature product of HPC and I-HPC (19.70, 21.28 g/kg) were 9.7% and 18.5% higher than that in CK (17.96 g/kg). The humification indice (HI) in the mature product of HPC and I-HPC (0.77, 0.71) were 20.3% and 10.9% higher than that in CK (0.64). The humification indices of HPC and I-HPC were 20.3% and 10.9% higher than that in CK. The study suggested HTPRT-IPC as a novel method for shortening the composting cycle and improving the quality of compost, and had great potential for practical use. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Process control
Controlled terms:Animals - Biodegradation - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Carbon - Composting - Degradation - Fatty acids - Feedstocks - Fertilizers - Manures - Moisture - Organic carbon - Organic compounds - Particle size - pH - Population statistics - Rate constants - Straw - Volatile fatty acids - Water analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved organic carbon - Humification index - Hyperthermophilic pre-treatment - Nitrogen loss - Organic matter degradations - Thermophilic microbe - Total organic carbon content - Total volatile fatty acids
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.8 Biotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.70e-01yr, Age 5.48e-03yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Mass_Density 8.10e+02kg/m3 to 7.20e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 1.85e+01%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 6.40e+00%, Percentage 9.70e+00%, Time 1.44e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20174104253207
Title:Technological optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of dead pork and ultrasonic pretreatment
Authors:Jiao, Youzhou (1); Li, Weifeng (1); Li, Gang (1); He, Chao (1); Mei, Yahe (1); Lan, Mingming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University;, Collaborative Innovation Research Center for Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou; Henan Province; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Lan, Mingming(lan_mingming@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:258-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The utilization of the dead livestock and poultry resources is an important way to solve the pollution of livestock and poultry mortality. To study enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of dead pork, in this paper, the pork as experimental raw material, the trypsin as experiment enzyme, the effects of several operating parameters, namely enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, initial hydrolysis pH value and hydrolysis temperature, were studied taking the degree of hydrolysis as criterion by single-factor method. The conditions for trypsin hydrolysis of pork were preliminarily determined by 4 main factors of pork enzymatic hydrolysis tests. The influence law of the 4 main factors on the enzymatic hydrolysis was analyzed. Subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level, four-variable Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the interactive effects. A mathematical model was established, in which the degree of hydrolysis was as a function of 4 variables. The best enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined finally. By analysis on the surface plot of response surface model, the interactions of various factors were analyzed intuitively. On this basis, the effect of pork ultrasonic pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis was studied, and the ultrasonic pretreatment conditions were as follows: ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz; ultrasonic power 500 W; ultrasonic time 20 min. The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the degree of hydrolysis was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure change could be observed. The final test results showed that the order of the effect of 4 factors on the degree of hydrolysis was as follows: Enzyme dosage>hydrolysis temperature>initial hydrolysis pH value>substrate concentration. The optimum conditions for trypsin hydrolysis of pork in the selected experimental ranges were determined as follows: enzyme dosage of 1.15% (by mass), substrate concentration of 80.5 g/L, initial hydrolysis pH value of 7.96, and hydrolysis temperature of 40.6℃. The predicted degree of hydrolysis under these conditions was 16.74%, and the actual degree of hydrolysis was 16.77%, which showed that the experimental results were in agreement with the results of the software analysis. The optimal hydrolysis time was 6 h, and the degree of hydrolysis reached 28.91% at this point. After ultrasonic pretreatment, the optimal hydrolysis time was 4 h, and the degree of hydrolysis could reach up to 32.86% at this time. It could shorten the hydrolysis test cycle by 2 h, and improve the degree of hydrolysis by 4 percentage points under the condition of ultrasonic pretreatment. The reason that ultrasonic pretreatment enhanced the hydrolysis reaction was that protein chemical bond of pork was broken apart and the cell membrane was damaged by ultrasonic cavitation and mechanical action, then the contact probability between the enzyme and substrate was proved, and the enzymatic reaction was promoted finally. This study demonstrates that ultrasonic pretreatment can increase the hydrolysis efficiency of trypsin hydrolysis of pork and shorten hydrolysis time. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Enzymatic hydrolysis
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cytology - Enzymes - Functions - Hydrolysis - Meats - Optimization - pH - pH effects - Scanning electron microscopy - Surface properties - Ultrasonics
Uncontrolled terms:Box-Behnken experimental design - Dead pork - Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions - Enzyme hydrolysis - Response surface methodology - Response surface modeling - Substrate concentrations - Technological optimization
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 8.05e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.15e+00%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 2.89e+01%, Percentage 3.29e+01%, Time 1.20e+03s, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20174104253206
Title:Effects of phosphate and carbonate on photo-fermentative hydrogen production of biomass straw
Authors:Zhang, Quanguo (1, 2); Liu, Huiliang (1); Hu, Jianjun (1); Zhou, Xuehua (2); Jing, Yanyan (1); Wang, Yi (1); Zhang, Tian (1); Zhang, Zhiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of MOA, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhiping(zhangzhiping715@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:251-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:For the study of phosphate and carbonate on the effect of photo-fermentation hydrogen production process, and based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk pretreated for hydrogen producing substrate, in this paper, hydrogen production, pH value, ORP value and hydrogen production kinetics were analyzed under different concentrations of phosphate (K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>) and carbonate (NaHCO<inf>3</inf>). The concentration of K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>was respectively 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 and 60 mmol/L, the concentration of NaHCO<inf>3</inf>was respectively 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mmol/L, and the untreated group was the control group. The results showed that phosphorus in K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>was involved in biological growth, metabolism and energy transfer during microbial growth. Phosphorus is an important element in the process of biological growth and metabolism, while the phosphate also has a certain pH buffering capacity. The appropriate concentration of K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>can promote activities of photosynthetic bacteria to produce hydrogen, but also effectively buffer the pH value of the reaction system. When the concentration of K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>was 10mmol/L, the hydrogen yield was (40.65±0.35) mL/g, it increased significantly by 28.48% compared with control group, and the effect of promoting photo-fermentative hydrogen production was best. The final pH was 6.37±0.02, significantly higher than that of the control group of 6.06±0.03, indicating phosphate can effectively buffer the pH value of the reaction system. The results of kinetic characteristics of hydrogen production under different concentration of K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>showed that the suitable concentration of K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>increased the maximum hydrogen production potential and maximum hydrogen production rate, shortened the delay time of hydrogen production, when the concentration of K<inf>2</inf>HPO<inf>4</inf>was10mmol/L, the maximum hydrogen production potential and the maximum hydrogen production rate were the highest, and the hydrogen production delay time was shorter, which was respectively 40.81 mL/g, 1.87 mL/(h·g) and 2.85 h. The appropriate concentration of NaHCO<inf>3</inf>can promote photosynthetic bacteria to produce hydrogen, but also effectively buffer the pH value of the reaction system. When the concentration of NaHCO<inf>3</inf>was 5 mmol/L, the hydrogen yield was (37.46±1.40) mL/g. It increased significantly by 18.39% compared with control group, and the effect of promoting photo-fermentative hydrogen production was best, and the final pH value was 6.26±0.04, which was significantly higher than that of the control group of 6.06±0.03.The results of kinetic characteristics of hydrogen production under different concentration NaHCO<inf>3</inf>showed that the suitable concentration of NaHCO<inf>3</inf>can improve the maximum hydrogen production potential and the maximum hydrogen production rate, but would delay hydrogen production, when the concentration of NaHCO<inf>3</inf>was 5 mmol/L. With this concentration, the maximum hydrogen production potential and the maximum hydrogen production rate were the highest, the hydrogen production delay time was relatively short, which was respectively 37.26 mL/g, 1.92 mL/(h·g) and 5.11 h. The study can provide a scientific reference for the further improvement of the technology of hydrogen production from straw biomass. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Hydrogen production
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Carbonates - Carbonation - Ecology - Energy transfer - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Fermentation - Hydrogen - Image enhancement - Kinetics - Metabolism - pH - pH effects - Phosphates - Phosphorus - Photobiological hydrogen production - Physiology - Straw - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Biological hydrogen production - Hydrogen production rate - Kinetic characteristics - pH buffering capacity - Photo fermentation - Photo-fermentative hydrogen productions - Photosynthetic bacterias - Scientific references
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 1.00e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 2.50e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 3.00e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 4.00e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 5.00e+00mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 6.00e+01mol/m3, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 2.85e+01%, Specific_Volume 3.73e-02m3/kg, Specific_Volume 4.08e-02m3/kg, Time 1.03e+04s, Time 1.84e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20174104253193
Title:Characteristic of soil micro-aggregates loss on slopes with different surface water drainage patterns
Authors:He, Binghui (1); Liang, Yanling (1); Huang, Huan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Patent Examination Cooperation Center of the Patent Office, SIPO, Chengdu; 610000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:151-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:No matter on non-continuous slopes formed from natural terrace or on continuous slopes formed in process of excavation, water loss and soil erosion are inevitable. During the process of rainfall, under a certain rainfall intensity, there will be different patterns of slope water and soil loss response mechanism in different land use types, which have different soil infiltration rates and aggregate structures affected by soil particles fractal characteristics. It will cause the soil particle and sediment to transport, and affect soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient output. Soil micro-aggregates are an important indicator from which we can estimate how a measure changes soil properties. There are always 2 kinds of runoff outflow modes in natural hydrological systems. Considering the cost of projects, only level trenches parallel to the contour line are used on the slope land of Southwest China. In order to know if there is a better way to control slope runoff and protect surface soil, 2 different layout modes of level trenches were designed to change effluent process of surface runoff on the slopes. And in contrast with slopes without any drainage layout (CK), the rainfall simulation experiments were performed to study the different characteristics of runoff and soil micro-aggregates losses under 2 different slope drainage layout measures, which were respectively designed to lead the water flow to converge in a form of "V" (T1) and to shunt in a form of inverted "V" (T2). The result shows that the layout of drainage T1 and T2 can significantly enrich micro-aggregate particles less than 5 μm in the sediment lost from the slops with different gradients and land use types. Compared with CK treatment, T1 and T2 both can bring a more stable distribution of micro-aggregates on cultivated land slopes, but T2 has a more obvious effect on micro-aggregate particles less than 5 μm on the slopes. However, when the slope is 5° or 10°, T1 mode can better alleviate the trend of "soil coarseness" phenomenon on the cultivated land slopes. Due to the new drainage measures arranged on the forest land slope, we also noticed that T1 mode can decrease the volatility of micro-aggregates' enrichment significantly and decrease the erosion degree of micro-aggregate particles with smaller size. Moreover, T1 mode plays a stronger role on controlling micro-aggregates losses on the grassland slope than T2 and CK. Nevertheless, each kind of slope drainage layout measure has its own focus, and can help change the process of slope runoff and make different size of soil particles deposited on the slope in different ways so as to achieve the control of dewatering and maintain soil quality, which can also reduce non-point source pollution. So it's necessary to choose an appropriate slope drainage layout measure according to soil properties, gradient and land use type of a slope. This study provides a possibility of finding a new level trench which may be valuable to apply in reality. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Effluents - Erosion - Flow of water - Forestry - Land use - Pollution control - Quality control - Rain - River pollution - Runoff - Soil moisture - Soil pollution control - Soils - Surface waters
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate structures - Different land use types - Fractal characteristics - Microaggregates - Non-point source pollution - Rainfall simulations - Stable distributions - Surface-water drainage
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 406 Highway Engineering - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.00e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20174104253209
Title:Effects of soil erosion factors on cultivated-layer quality of slope farmland in purple hilly area
Authors:Shi, Dongmei (1); Jiang, Guangyi (2); Jiang, Ping (3); Lou, Yibao (1); Ding, Wenbin (1); Jin, Huifang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Eco-environment Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chongqing; 401147, China; (3) Chongqing Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Electric Power and Architecture, Chongqing; 400020, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:270-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivated layer soil quality is highly sensitive to both soil erosion and artificial farming tillage in Purple Hilly Area. Soil erosion is a key factor that causes soil degradation and soil productivity instability of cultivated layer for slope farmland. Taking slope farmland in purple hilly area as an example, this paper has conducted cluster analysis on soil quality, permeability and cultivated layer type of slope farmland with different land productivity grades, and further discussed the effect of soil erosion on thickness of cultivated layer and the soil body configuration with reasonable cultivated layers of slope farmland. Results indicated that: (1) The soil quality of cultivated layer for purple soil slope farmland presented a moderate variability, the variation coefficients were 12.18% and 37.26% for the effective soil layer thickness (15-80 cm) and the cultivated layer thickness (15-25 cm), respectively, and the variation coefficient was 94.51% for the soil available phosphorus, indicating that the variability of soil physical properties was weaker than that of chemical properties. The cultivated layer configuration below the third grade of land productivity was almost full virtual or full real profile structures, and meanwhile, the production of slope farmland with the fifth grade of land productivity fell by about 50%. (2) There were significant (P<0.05) differences in soil physical properties, water-retention properties and tillage performances of cultivated layer at different slope position and different vertical depth of purple soil slope farmland, in which the soil bulk density showed upper slope > lower slope > middle slope, and soil shear strength showed upper slope > middle slope > lower slope, the soil stable infiltration rate showed the contrary order, and the soil penetration resistance was middle slope > upper slope > lower slope. The soil bulk density, shear strength and penetration resistance all presented bottom soil layer > subsoil layer > cultivated layer except soil infiltration; about 70% of the rain stored in 0-40 cm soil layer of slope farmland could be used by crops. (3) The average annual thinning of cultivated layer thickness varied between 1.04 and 3.04 mm for the moderate erosion degree of slope farmland. The reasonable cultivated layer of slope farmland could be established effectively by regulating such means as the minimum data set (MDS), which included soil layer thickness, cultivated layer thickness, soil bulk density, soil shear strength, soil organic matter and soil infiltration capacity for evaluating the cultivated layer soil quality of slope farmland, and moreover, the reasonable cultivated layer configuration overall should maintain the type of upper part loose and lower part tight, the cultivated layer thickness of 20-25 cm and the effective soil layer thickness of 50-60 cm. (4) Purple soil slope farmland could be divided into 4 kinds of cultivated layer types, whose obstacle cultivated layer was mainly manifested as the effective soil layer thickness restricted type (Class II), the cultivated layer thickness restricted type (Class III) and the soil nutrients restricted type (Class IV), accounting for 30%, 10% and 3% of total cultivated layer, respectively; so the regulating of reasonable cultivated layer of purple soil slope farmland should focus on effective soil layer thickness and cultivated layer thickness. These results can not only deepen the objective understanding of relationship between soil erosion and cultivated layer degradation but provide some essential parameters and technical supports for constructing reasonable cultivated layer of slope farmland in purple hilly area. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Cluster analysis - Erosion - Farms - Infiltration - Mechanical permeability - Nutrients - Physical properties - Productivity - Shear strength
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated-layer - Hilly areas - Minimum data set - Slope farmland - Soil quality
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.73e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.45e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.04e-03m to 3.04e-03m, Size 1.50e-01m to 2.50e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m to 8.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 2.50e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20174104253191
Title:Meso-structure dynamic evolution characteristic of undisturbed loess based on CT technology
Authors:Yao, Zhihua (1); Chen, Zhenghan (2); Li, Jiagui (3); Wei, Feng (4); Liu, Junzhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Airdrome Construction Engineering, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an; 710038, China; (2) Department of Civil Engineering, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing; 401311, China; (3) Military Representative Office Stationed in Beijing of Rocket Corps of PLA, Beijing; 100085, China; (4) College of Architectural Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin; 719000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:134-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Structure characteristic is a typical feature of the unsaturated undisturbed loess, which is an important key factor to affect its strength, deformation properties, and son on, and to distinguish the loess from other special soils. To understand the structure of loess, the key is to find the right way to study the structure. Computerized tomography (CT) technology can detect nondestructively the internal meso-structure in real time, so it is used to be a powerful means for loess structure research. However, it is few reports about the influence of structure on yielding features and the structural evolution characteristics of unsaturated loess during isotropic loading process. In this paper, we took the multifunctional geotechnical triaxial apparatus and the CT technology to research loess structure, and the hydrostatic triaxial compressure tests were carried out by using of 4 undisturbed loess samples whose control matric suction was a constant. When the value of volumetric deformation and water displacement of loess samples reached the expected criteria during loading process, we scanned nondestructively the 4 loess samples with the help of CT technology and got some CT scanning data and images. The structural evolution law of the undisturbed loess during isotropic loading procedure was described by means of the relationship between the macro-scopic mechanical index and the meso-scopic scanning data. In these studies, we found that the structure of undisturbed loess could resist the external load to a certain extent, but the influence of loess structure on yielding characteristic was closely related to matric suction. The CT number increased slowly before sample yielding, however, after sample yielding, the structural effect was reduced obviously and the CT number had a linear growth trend, which indicated that the loess sample entered into the plastic hardening stage. When the suction increased, the structure of undisturbed loess had little effect on the mechanical deformation. When the suction decreased, the water film lubrication between soil particles was obvious, so the effect of the structure fighting against the external load was enhanced obviously. After the net mean stress was applied, the voids and pores of loess samples would decrease, but they would not be closed completely, which was related to the formation of new structures that resisted external loads. According to the CT scanning data, the structural parameters and the structural damage variable were defined during isotropic loading tests, respectively, and then the evolution characteristics of the meso-structure of the undisturbed loess were clarified. In addition, we described accurately the relationships between the structural damage variables and the volumetric strain, and the change of the water phase of loess samples, respectively, and established the damage evolution equation of undisturbed loess structure during isotropic loading procedure. This new damage equation had the characteristics of one parameter and simple form, and could well reflect the influence of the change of solid and liquid phase on the structural damage. The validity of new equation was verified preliminarily by comparison of computation results and test data, which indicated very good agreement between each other. The research results in this paper will provide the reference for establishing the structural constitutive model of undisturbed loess and give a gateway to reasonably analyze loess structure. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sediments
Controlled terms:Computerized tomography - Deformation - Hardening - Mechanical properties - Scanning - Soil testing - Soils - Structure (composition)
Uncontrolled terms:CT scanning - Isotropic loading - Suction - Undisturbed loess - Yielding characteristics
Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 723.5 Computer Applications - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20174104253182
Title:Effects of machine insertion on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of hybrid japonica rice and its relationship with spikelet and yield formation
Authors:Dong, Minghui (1, 2); Zhao, Buhong (3); Chen, Peifeng (1); Gu, Junrong (1); Qiao, Zhongying (1); Wang, Wenqing (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Taihu Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu, Suzhou; 215155, China; (2) Yangzhou University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (3) Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu, Yangzhou; 225007, China; (4) Guli Agricultural Extension Services Center of Changshu City, Suzhou; 215515, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Buhong(zhaobuhongnks@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:65-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The high proportion of early advantaged tillering in bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice promotes individual growth and improves canopy's efficiency of solar energy utilization, which is beneficial for large panicle formation and leads to significant increase in the total spikelet number. However, the related physiological mechanism remains unclear. In order to explore the physiological reasons for the formation of large panicle of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice, with conventional blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting as the control (CK), the hybrid japonica rice variety with large panicle Yongyou 1540 was planted in the field to investigate the features of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism in vegetative organs, and the differentiation and degradation of branches and spikelets in young panicle differentiation stage of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice. Their regularity and differences were studied, and their relationships with yield components were investigated. The results showed that the contents of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in vegetative organs under the 2 mechanical-transplanting methods were obviously different. The content of NSC in bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting was significantly higher than that in blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting in every growing period in panicle differentiation stage. On the 25th and 20th day before the heading, the total N content in bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting was higher than that in blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting, but the trend became opposite since the 15th day before the heading when the C/N ratio also became significantly higher than that of blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting. From the 25th to the 15th day before the heading, the difference of NSC accumulation under the 2 methods was not obvious, but from the 10th day before the heading to the heading, NSC accumulation in vegetative organs increased rapidly and that of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting was significantly higher than that of blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting. The number of spikelets was closely related to the formation of branches, and the influences of the two mechanical-transplanting methods on the formation of branches and spikelets were consistent, which showed that the number of differentiated and survived branches and spikelets in bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting was significantly higher than that in blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting, while the number of degradation and the degradation rate had an opposite trend. Especially, the influences on the number of secondary spikelets reached a significant or extremely significant level, and the influence degree on the formation of secondary branches and spikelets in the basal part was higher than that in the middle and upper part. The C/N ratio in vegetative organs on the 25th and 20th day before the heading was in a significant or extremely significant negative correlation with the number of differentiated/survived branches and spikelets, especially the secondary branches and spikelets, and was in a positive correlation with the number of degradation, which was contrary to the situation from the 15th day before the heading to the heading. The 1000-seed weight and yield were both in a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the NSC accumulation in young panicle differentiation stage and the NSC translocation rate after the heading. In bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting, vegetative organs could achieve a high level of C/N ratio and NSC accumulation, which promoted the differentiation of branches and spikelets, reduced the degradation, increased the grain number per spike and finally led to a higher grain yield than the blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting. This study provides a reference for the matching technology of rice mechanized production and a theoretical foundation for high yield and efficient production of hybrid rice. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Crops - Degradation - Energy utilization - Machinery - Metabolism - Nitrogen - Physiology - Solar energy
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture machinery - Carbon and nitrogen - Formation of branches and spikelets - Japonica rice - Yield
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20174104253211
Title:Heat and mass transfer characteristics and model of rapeseed (Bassica rapus) fluidized-bed drying with constant drying rate
Authors:Zhang, Jianping (1); Zhao, Zhouneng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang; 621010, China; (2) School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang; 621010, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:287-295
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rapeseed oil is one of the main edible vegetable oils in China and the third largest edible vegetable oil all over the world. It is easier to mold under the high temperature and humidity because the rapeseed has more protein and very small porosity. Therefore, the fresh rapeseed is hard to be safely stored. At present, the traditional solar drying method of rapeseed can hardly meet the requirements of rapeseed drying in China. For the timely safe storage, artificial drying methods must be employed, among which the hot-air fluidized-bed drying is commonly applied. The principle of the rapeseed fluidized-bed drying is extremely sophisticated because it is often associated with impaired heat transfer, mass transfer, and momentum transfer. The convective heat and mass transfer coefficient are key influence factors to the drying efficiency and the drying quality of rapeseed fluidized-bed drying. In brief, the changing regularity of convective heat and mass transfer coefficient, and the measures on improving convective heat and mass transfer have become the vital problems concerning the timely safe storage of fresh rapeseed. In order to investigate the changing regularity of convective heat and mass transfer of the rapeseed fluidized-bed drying, the influence of the initial moisture content, the hot air temperature, and the hot air velocity on the convective heat and mass transfer coefficient was analyzed by using experiment equipment of rapeseed fluidized-bed drying. The results showed that the convective heat and mass transfer coefficient increased with the increase of the initial moisture content, the hot air temperature, and the hot air velocity. And the primary and secondary order of the factor influencing the convective heat and mass transfer coefficient was: the initial moisture content, the hot air temperature, and the hot air velocity. The convective heat transfer coefficient and the convective mass transfer coefficient of the rapeseed with 29.72% initial moisture content were both 1.9 times that with 14.41% initial moisture content. The convective heat transfer coefficient and the convective mass transfer coefficient of the rapeseed with 2.25 m/s hot air velocity were both 1.2 times that with 1.75 m/s hot air velocity. At the same time, the convective heat transfer coefficient and the convective mass transfer coefficient of the rapeseed with 65℃ hot air temperature were 1.2 and 1.4 times that with 45℃ hot air temperature, respectively. On the basis of these, a second orthogonal rotation combination test was executed through the Design-Expert 8.0.6 software. The initial moisture content, the hot air temperature, and the hot air velocity were selected as influencing factors. The convective heat and mass transfer coefficient were response indices. Then the regression models of the convective heat and mass transfer coefficient were established. For the 3 groups of experiment results, the maximum relative errors of the convective heat and mass transfer coefficient between the model prediction values and the corresponding experimental values were 4.83% and 4.79%, respectively. It was proved that the regression models had higher precision. The results may provide the theoretic basis for improving convective heat and mass transfer, which effectively improves the drying efficiency and the drying quality of rapeseed fluidized-bed drying. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Mass transfer
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric temperature - Drying - Efficiency - Fluidized bed process - Fluidized beds - Heat convection - Heat transfer - Heat transfer coefficients - High temperature operations - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Oilseeds - Regression analysis - Software testing - Vegetable oils - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Convective heat and mass transfers - Convective heat transfer Coefficient - Convective mass transfer coefficients - Experiment equipment - Heat and mass transfer - Initial Moisture Content - Maximum relative errors - Rapeseed (Bassica rapus)
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.44e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 4.79e+00%, Percentage 4.83e+00%, Velocity 1.75e+00m/s, Velocity 2.25e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20174104253194
Title:Characteristics of erosion sediment yield with extreme rainstorms in Yanhe Watershed based on field measurement
Authors:Jiao, Juying (1, 2); Wang, Zhijie (2, 3); Wei, Yanhong (2); Su, Yuan (1, 3); Cao, Binting (1); Li, Yujin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:159-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at whether the present erosion environment could withstand the test and possible problems under the extreme rainstorm events on the Loess Plateau, the characteristics of erosion sediment yield at different scales in 2013 with extreme rainstorm events were analyzed based on the vegetation investigation and soil erosion monitoring in Yanhe River Basin. The average soil erosion intensity was <1000 t/km<sup>2</sup>for the natural arbor vegetation (Quercus liaotungensis and Acer buergerianum), from 1118.1 to 1161.2 t/km<sup>2</sup>for the natural shrub vegetation, from 1245.2 to 1827.8 t/km<sup>2</sup>for the herbaceous vegetation in the middle-late stage of succession, while from 3087.6 to 4408.4 t/km<sup>2</sup>for the herbaceous vegetation in the early-middle stage of succession. In the artificial vegetation, the ability of reducing soil erosion for artificial shrub vegetation (2119.7-2183.9 t/km<sup>2</sup>) was larger than the artificial arbor vegetation (2625.7-5149.6 t/km<sup>2</sup>). In particular, the average coverage of the 6-8 years of artificial Robinia psendoacacia was only 30% due to the shorter afforestation time, so the soil erosion intensity reached 5141.6 t/km<sup>2</sup>. In the condition of the rainstorm in 2013, the average soil erosion intensity of the slopes with good vegetation in all small watersheds was below 2500 t/km<sup>2</sup>. The erosion intensity was mainly in the category of slight erosion in the small watersheds of the southern and northern areas, and mainly in the category of mild and moderate erosion in the small watersheds of the middle area. However, the landslide erosion was dominant, accounting for 49.0%-88.5% of the total erosion in small watersheds. The average landslide erosion intensity reached 7357.7 t/km<sup>2</sup>in the southern area near the rainstorm center, 3706.9 t/km<sup>2</sup>in the middle area and 1678.1 t/km<sup>2</sup>in the northern area. There was 6.4%-18.3% of erosion amount deposited in the channels in different small watersheds. The sediment deposition amount was 13.2×10<sup>4</sup>-145.2×10<sup>4</sup>t in different sections of riverbed in the upstream of Ganguyi Hydrological Station in Yanhe River Basin, accounting for 15% of the total erosion sediment yield on average. The intensity of erosion sediment yield ranged from 2326.7 to 7774.4 t/km<sup>2</sup>in the controlled area of Ganguyi Hydrological Station, of which the area with erosion sediment intensity of 5000-8000 t/km<sup>2</sup>was 59.3%. In 2013, the calculated value of sediment discharge at the Ganguyi Hydrological Station was 0.228×10<sup>8</sup>t, while the measured sediment discharge was 0.243×10<sup>8</sup>t. By comparison, the calculated value was 0.015×10<sup>8</sup>t smaller than the measured value with the relative error of 6.2%. Therefore, the results of this research were reliable. At the present stage, the good vegetation cover of the hill slope could control rainstorm erosion effectively. The erosion type of the sediment source of Yanhe Watershed was dominated by gravitational erosion in the condition of rainstorm. Therefore, in the premise of protecting the achievements of the "Grain for Green" project, it should strengthen the storage and drainage measures in the inter-gully to reduce the slope runoff flowing down the gully and prevent gravitational erosion of the gully slope and the gully erosion. Then, it might effectively prevent soil erosion, and promote the realization of beautiful mountain and river in future. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Landforms - Landslides - Reforestation - Rivers - Sediments - Soils - Storms - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial vegetation - Extreme rainstorm events - Gravitational erosions - Herbaceous vegetation - Sediment deposition - Sediment discharge - Sediment yields - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.93e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+00%, Percentage 6.40e+00% to 1.83e+01%, Age 6.00e+00yr to 8.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+01% to 8.85e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20174104253184
Title:Optimization remould and experiment on DX-180 fiber reinforced plastic trawler for scallop
Authors:Li, Mingzhi (1, 2); Zhao, Xuewei (3); Yu, Gongzhi (2); Zhang, Yuan (3); Zhang, Jincheng (2); Hou, Jingyuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Navigation and Shipbuilding Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; Liaoning; 116023, China; (2) Students Cerulean Sci-tech Innovation Entrepreneurship Base of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China; (3) Zhangzidao Group Co., Ltd., Dalian; 116001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:82-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to demonstrate whether the operation mode and equipment of the DX-180 FRP scallop trawler imported from Japan are suitable for the scallop fishing demand in China, preliminary tests and comparison were conducted in Zhang Zidao island. The results showed that DX-180 scallop trawler's oil-fish rate is significantly higher than that in Europe and in Zhang Zidao of China. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the operation mode and equipment of the DX-180 FRP scallop trawler to meet the sustainable development of scallop industry needs. There were two phases for optimizing operation mode and catching equipment of the DX-180 FRP scallop trawler. The first phase was carried out to determine the optimum technological parameters of operation mode in three different bottom sediments (coarse sand, smooth sand and smooth mud), based on increasing fishing dredge's sweeping area, and analyzing the critical influencing factors (trawl speed and steel warp length) on fuel consumption per tonnage scallops by orthogonal experiment. The second phase was to conduct comparative test of sea production, based on the first research results and actual production situation. The tests lasted for 12 d and 8 h per day in three bottom sediments, with each bottom sediment caught 4 d. By the end of each test day, calculate the amount of fishing, number of fishing and fuel consumption. Results of the first phase experiment showed that the optimum trawl speed and steel warp length are 2.1 m/s and 235 m, 2.1 m/s and 230 m, 2.3 m/s and 230 m respectively for coarse sand, smooth sand and smooth mud. The order of influence factor on unit fuel consumption is trawl speed>steel warp length. The results of the compared tests at the second stage showed that the amount of fishing, number of fishing and fuel consumption of the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler were all improved. Compared with original, the average daily catching of the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler increased by 226%, 238% and 243%, respectively, and the fuel consumption decreased 19.2%, 18.0% and 12.4% in the three different bottom sediments respectively. Compared with Liao Chang Yu Yang 15021 steel scallop trawl, the number of fishing with the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler increased 4 times per day in three different bottom sediments, and the average daily catching increased about 64.8%, 63.6% and 86.0% respectively. At the same time fuel consumption increased by 63.2%, 63.5% and 76.8% respectively. The economy analysis showed that the three economic evaluation indexes (unit fuel consumption, unit fishing efficiency and unit fishing cost) of the optimized DX-180 scallop trawler were better than those of the main ship which will be renewed and reconstructed (Liao Chang Yu Yang 15021 scallop trawler). Compared with original one, the unit fuel consumption of optimized trawler under the three kinds of sediments decreased by 290%, 299% and 285%, respectively. Compared with the existing steel scallop trawl (15021 scallop trawler), the fuel consumption per unit of coarse sand and smooth sand reduced by 1.31% and 0.22%, respectively, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05), and the fuel consumption per unit of catch in the smooth mud was reduced by 5.21%, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). From the perspective of unit fishing efficiency, it is found that unit fishing efficiency of the 15021 scallop trawler is 0.16 km<sup>2</sup>/kW, while DX-180 scallop trawler's unit fishing efficiency is 0.22 km<sup>2</sup>/kW, which increased by 37.5%. At the same time, the unit cost of DX-180 FRP scallop trawler is 26.0% lower than that of 15021 scallop trawler. Therefore optimized DX-180 scallop trawl can replace the existing steel scallop trawlers, and meet development needs of green enterprises. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Shellfish
Controlled terms:Cost benefit analysis - Economic analysis - Efficiency - Equipment - Fiber reinforced plastics - Fisheries - Fishing vessels - Fuel economy - Fuels - Molluscs - Optimization - Sand - Sediments
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative experiments - Development needs - Economic evaluations - FRP scallop trawler - Improved measure - Orthogonal experiment - Patinopecten yessoensis - Technological parameters
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 901 Engineering Profession - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.60e+01%, Size 2.30e+02m, Size 2.35e+02m, Time 2.88e+04s, Velocity 2.10e+00m/s, Velocity 2.30e+00m/s, Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 1.31e+00%, Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 1.92e+01%, Percentage 2.20e-01%, Percentage 2.26e+02%, Percentage 2.38e+02%, Percentage 2.43e+02%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.85e+02%, Percentage 2.90e+02%, Percentage 2.99e+02%, Percentage 3.75e+01%, Percentage 5.21e+00%, Percentage 6.32e+01%, Percentage 6.35e+01%, Percentage 6.36e+01%, Percentage 6.48e+01%, Percentage 7.68e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20174104253200
Title:Thermal performance analysis of composite phase change materials for energy storage solar heat pump
Authors:Wu, Wei (1); Chen, Li (2); Wang, Xiaoyu (1); Gu, Minfen (1); Dai, Suzhou (1); Meng, Zhijun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion and Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing; 210042, China; (2) Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; 230027, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:206-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Considering the different working modes and energy storage requirements of the energy storage solar heat pump system under solar radiation intensity of different seasons, this paper presents a kind of energy storage composite phase change materials with high and low phase change temperature, which can realize the seasonal maximum utilization of solar energy when filled in the collector of energy storage solar heat pump system. In summer, the solar radiation is strong in the daytime, the temperature inside the collector is high, and the composite phase change material in the collector can achieve relatively high phase change temperature and store energy. At night, the composite phase change material undergoes a solid-liquid phase change to release heat at a relatively high temperature. Since the temperature is high enough, the energy storage solar heat pump system uses this part of heat for heating water directly. Under winter conditions, the solar radiation is weak inthedaytime, the temperature inside the collector is low, and the composite phase change material in the collector stores heat at arelatively low phase change temperature. When releasingenergy at night, the composite phase change materials undergo a solid-liquid phase change to release heat at a relatively low temperature. Due to the insufficient temperature, the energy storage solar heat pump system uses this heat for producing hot water by operating the heat pump cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a kind of composite phase change material with two phase change temperatures for seasonal energy storage. According to previous research, two kinds of composite phase change materials 48#/62# paraffin and CA/62# paraffin were made up with 48# paraffin, 62# paraffin and capric acid (CA). The thermal performance of composite phase change materials for different ratios was studied, respectively. The phase change temperature, enthalpy and specific heat capacity of single phase change material and composite phase change material were determined by the American Diamond DSC thermal analyzer. The results indicated that in the processes of heating and cooling, the latent heat of phase change of 48# paraffin, 62# paraffin and capric acid (CA) were approximately equal, that was small under the cooling process. The DSC curve of CA/62 composite phase change material had two obvious solid-liquid phase change peaks. The latent heat and the temperature corresponding to the highest endothermic peak of composites phase change materials with different ratios all showed increasing trend with the increase of 62# paraffin ratio. Thermal storage performance experiments of the composite phase change materials with different compositions and ratios were conducted. The results indicated that the thermal storage process curves of the composite phase change materials were divided into three stages: Solid sensible thermal storage, phase change thermal storage and liquid sensible thermal storage. The phase change thermal storage process curve of the CA/62# paraffin composite phase change material was divided into two segments, which correspond to the solid-liquid phase change process of capric acid and the solid-liquid phase change process of 62# paraffin. Therefore, CA/62# paraffin composite phase change material can be used in energy storage solar heat pump system to achieve seasonal thermal storage. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Phase change materials
Controlled terms:Dye-sensitized solar cells - Energy storage - Heat pump systems - Heat storage - Latent heat - Liquids - Paraffins - Pumps - Saturated fatty acids - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar radiation - Specific heat - Storage (materials) - Temperature - Thermal effects - Thermoanalysis
Uncontrolled terms:Composite phase change materials - Phase-change thermal storages - Seasonal energy storages - Solar heat pump - Solar radiation intensity - Solid liquid phase change - Thermal performance analysis - Thermal storage performance
Classification code:525.7 Energy Storage - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 801 Chemistry - 801.4.1 Electrochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20174104253181
Title:Effect of direct-seeding methods on physiological characteristics and grain yield of rice and its cost analysis
Authors:Zhang, Hao (1); Yu, Chao (1); Chen, Kewei (2); Kong, Xiangsheng (1); Liu, Hailang (1); Chen, Junyi (2); Gu, Junfei (1); Liu, Lijun (1); Wang, Zhiqin (1); Yang, Jianchang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Agricultural and Forestry Bureau, Yixing; Jiangsu Province; 214206, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Jianchang(jcyang@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:58-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Little is known about the differences on yield performance, population development, physiological characteristics, cost and economic benefit among different direct-seeding methods of rice. Three direct-seeding methods, manual direct-seeding on dry land (MaDD), manual direct-seeding on wet land (MaDW), and mechanical direct-seeding on wet land (MeDD), were applied. The experiments were conducted using conventional rice, Wuyunjing 23, to investigate the yield and its components, nitrogen use efficiency, number of tillers and productive tillers, dry matter accumulation of shoot and root, leaf photosynthetic rate, root oxidation activity, leaf area index and duration, crop growth rate and cost. The results showed that, compared with MaDD, MeDD and MaDW increased the grain yield by 11.9% and 6.3% and agronomic N use efficiency by 10.1% and 4.9%, respectively. From the yield components analysis, the increase in grain yield was mainly attributed to the increase in panicles per unit area. Compared with MaDD, MeDD significantly increased the number of tillers at heading and maturity stage and productive tillers. Except mid tillering stage, the shoot dry matter weight under MeDD and MaDW was greater than that under MaDD during whole growth period. The shoot dry matter weight under MeDD was greater than that under MaDW at maturity stage. Similar to shoot dry weight, root dry weight performed the same change trend during whole growth period. The ratio of root to shoot under MaDD was the greatest at mid tillering stage. There was no difference on the ratio of root to shoot among the 3 direct-seeding methods except mid tillering stage. Compared with MaDD, MeDD significantly increased the leaf photosynthetic rate and root oxidation activity of rice at heading and maturity stage. At mid tillering stage, there was no difference on leaf area index among 3 direct-seeding methods. Leaf area index under MeDD and MaDW was greater than that under MaDD at middle and late growth stage. Leaf area index under MeDD was greater than that under MaDW at maturity stage. At early growth stage (from sowing to panicle initiation stage), there was no difference on leaf area duration among 3 direct-seeding methods. Leaf area duration under MeDD and MaDW was greater than that under MaDD at middle and late growth stage (from panicle initiation to maturity stage). Leaf area duration under MeDD was greater than that under MaDW at grain filling stage. The crop growth rate showed the similar change trend as leaf area index. MeDD cost the minimum, 3 540 Yuan per hectare in total, which included 1350 Yuan soil preparation cost, 450 Yuan sowing cost, 1140 Yuan herbicide and employee cost and 600 Yuan manual weeding and employee cost. Production value and total cost were 24624 and 14115 Yuan per hectare under MeDD, respectively. Economic benefit, 10509 Yuan per hectare under MeDD, was higher than that of MaDD and MaDW. The results suggested that MeDD significantly increased productive tillers and dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity stage, and number of tillers, leaf area index and duration, crop growth rate, leaf photosynthetic rate and root oxidation activity at middle and late growth stage of rice. MeDD also decreased total cost and increased economic benefit because of its high efficiency and low cost in mechanical operation and low weeding cost. In conclusion, MeDD improves leaf photosynthetic performance and enhances aboveground population reasonable growth and underground root activity, and achieves higher grain yield and economic benefits. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cost benefit analysis
Controlled terms:Costs - Crops - Economic and social effects - Efficiency - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Growth rate - Machinery - Mechanization - Oxidation - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Population statistics - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Direct-seeding - Dry matter accumulation - Mechanical operations - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Panicle initiation stage - Physiological characteristics - Rice - Yield
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.19e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+00%, Percentage 6.30e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20174104253187
Title:Linear time-varying model predictive controller improving precision of navigation path automatic tracking for agricultural vehicle
Authors:Zhang, Wanzhi (1, 2); Bai, Wenjing (3); Lü, Zhaoqin (1, 2); Liu, Zhengduo (1, 2); Huang, Chen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Lü, Zhaoqin(lzqsdau2003@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:104-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Automatic driving for agricultural vehicle has become a research hotspot. Automatic driving technology includes vehicle position technology and automatic steering technology. Vehicle position technology usually uses the global positioning system (GPS) to realize. Automatic steering technology is realized by controlling vehicle lateral motion which can keep vehicle driving in a desired trajectory. So the result of automatic steering control directly embodies the intelligent behavior of agricultural vehicle. Recently more and more papers have proposed all kinds of algorithms to realize agricultural vehicle automatic driving. All of them show that in straight path tracking experiments, when the velocity is 1 m/s, the maximum error is 5 cm; in circular path tracking experiments, when the velocity is 1 m/s, the maximum error is 10 cm. With the increase of velocity, the tracking error is bound to further increase. To improve the precision, iterative learning control has been applied to path tracking. This method can achieve an almost perfect tracking performance in theory. But iterative learning control is an open-loop control which cannot effectively deal with interference. Model predictive control is a new control method which has attracted more and more researchers to study. The method can resolve the problem with constraints using the rolling optimization technique. It can not only predict the next-time system state, but also minimize tracking errors. With the rolling optimization technique and feedback adjustment, it can also overcome some uncertainty interferences. So to improve the precision of navigation control system for agricultural vehicle, an intelligent method of path tracking based on linear time-varying model predictive control is proposed. Although agricultural vehicle model usually has high nonlinearity, the method selects the linear timing-varying error model of the dynamic model as the prediction model of model predictive control to improve operation velocity. Objective function that selects control increment as state variable is established and relaxation factor is used to ensure the feasibility of solution. With the design of the constraints of control variable, control increment variable and state variable, the solution of objective function is changed into quadratic programming problem with some constraints which is solved using interior point method. After selecting the first element of control input increment as the input signal and repeating the above process to achieve the optimal control, model predictive controller is designed based on MATLAB/Simulink. Experimental results of straight and circular path tracking show that the controller can realize perfect tracking of straight path; the average error of lateral direction under 1 m/s is 7.5 cm and that under 3 m/s is 10 cm in circular path tracking; the front wheel angle is always in constraint dimensions, which shows the controller has not only a higher tracking precision but also a better stability. Experimental results of different controller parameters show that increasing prediction horizon and control cycle can reduce the tracking error and front wheel angle changes, and control horizon does not affect the controller's response speed. Meanwhile ground experiments based on the designed controller have been also completed. Results show that in straight path tracking, when the tracking velocity is 1 m/s, the average error of lateral direction is 0.865 cm; in circular path tracking, when the tracking velocity is less than 1 m/s, the average error of lateral direction is less than 10 cm; with the increase of velocity, the tracking error is further increased and the main reason is that when the velocity is lower, the experimental vehicle is linear, which is agreed well with the prediction model (using linear timing-varying error model), but when the velocity increases, the nonlinear features of vehicle is apparent gradually, which is not agreed well with the prediction model. The solution is using nonlinear model predictive control but it has larger computation. In practical path tracking, the velocity of agricultural vehicle is generally less than 1 m/s, so the designed controller can meet practical requirements. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Automobile drivers - Automobile steering equipment - Computation theory - Control - Errors - Forecasting - Global positioning system - Iterative methods - Learning algorithms - Linear programming - Machinery - MATLAB - Mechanization - Model predictive control - Navigation - Nonlinear programming - Predictive control systems - Quadratic programming - Steering - Surface discharges - Time varying control systems - Two term control systems - Vehicles - Velocity - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic steering control - Iterative learning control - Linear time varying models - Model predictive controllers - Navigation control systems - Navigation paths - Nonlinear model predictive control - Quadratic programming problems
Classification code:432 Highway Transportation - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-01m, Size 7.50e-02m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 3.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20174104253213
Title:Effects of damage of Rhyzoperthadominica in different growth stages on starch composition and microstructure of wheat
Authors:Zhou, Hongda (1); Zhang, Yurong (1); Bao, Jie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Security of Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yurong(yurongzh@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:303-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Rhyzopertha dominica is one of the most important feeding moths in wheat storage, and it also is the most harmful pest for stored grain in the world. In order to investigate the effects of infestation by Rhyzopertha dominica in different growth and development stages on the morphological characteristics and structure of wheat starch, the temperature of (30±1)℃, the humidity of 75%±5% and the insect population density of 1000/100 g were strictly controlled to ensure the completion of one Rhyzopertha dominica growth cycle and to get the different insect states for the infected wheat. Then the crude starch content, damaged starch content and reducing sugar content of wheat, the morphological characteristics and the structure of starch granule, and the particle size and crystallinity of the wheat starch after infestation by Rhyzopertha dominica in different growth and development stages (the egg, larval, pupa and adult stages) were inspected and analyzed in this paper. The results showed that compared with the control wheat sample, the crude starch content of wheat after the infection by Rhyzopertha dominica in different growth and development stages had a decreasing tendency in a fluctuation way, and except in the egg stage when a slight increase occurred, the crude starch content in all other stages was lower than that of the control, while the content of reducing sugar and the content of damaged starch of wheat after the infection by Rhyzopertha dominica were gradually increased, and both of them were higher than that of the control. The change of median diameter was fluctuated and decreased obviously. The content of crude starch was significantly different in the 4 stages after the infestation, the content of reducing sugar was significantly different in the infested egg and adult stages, and the content of damaged starch of wheat after infestation by Rhyzopertha dominica significantly increased from the egg to adult stage from 2.42% to 5.58%. Compared with the original wheat sample, the change of X-RD (X-ray diffraction) curve of wheat starch was not obvious, and the degree of crystallinity of wheat starches fluctuated between 23.09% and 24.28%, which indicated that there was no significant effect of the infection by Rhyzopertha dominica in different growth and development stages on the crystallinity of starch. The scanning electron microscopy of starch showed that with the development of Rhyzopertha dominica from the egg to the adult stage, the surface of the starch granules in the wheat grain after the infection gradually became rough and incomplete, the shape of the starch granule became irregular, and the starch granules with small particle size increased, the damaged starch content increased, and on the surface of starch granules with large particle size appeared larger pits and damage. It is obvious that the damage by Rhizopertha dominica in different growth stages can cause the change of physical and chemical properties of wheat, and therefore it should pay much attention to the influence of larval stages of Rhyzopertha dominica on the quality of wheat during the wheat storage. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Starch
Controlled terms:Energy storage - Grain (agricultural product) - Granulation - Humidity control - Particle size - Particles (particulate matter) - Population statistics - Quality control - Scanning electron microscopy - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Degree of crystallinity - Development stages - Different growth stages - Growth and development - Morphological characteristic - Physical and chemical properties - Rhyzoperthadominica - Wheat
Classification code:525.7 Energy Storage - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.31e+01% to 2.43e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+00% to 5.58e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20174104253178
Title:Simulation and test of corn seeds' dispersion and arraying transport in electromagnetic vibration hopper
Authors:Xing, Jiejie (1); Xu, Liming (1); Liu, Xudong (1); Chen, Junwei (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Wang, Rongyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:32-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The electromagnetic vibration hopper can be used to disperse and transport corn seeds in order. However, presently, there are few studies on the mechanism of dispersion and arraying transport of corn seeds under circular electromagnetic vibration, and limited parameter optimization for electromagnetic vibration hopper, which result in unreliable effects and efficiency of stacked corn seeds' dispersion and arraying transport. In order to solve the problem, firstly, the theoretical study on the mechanism of stacked corn seeds' dispersion and arraying transport in electromagnetic vibration hopper was done, from which the regulations were summarized and the influential factors were concluded as inclination angle of bottom, orbit pitch and working voltage. Then a simulation model was established by EDEM (enhanced discrete element method), adopting 200 corn seeds and a hopper. Meanwhile 2 parameterized sinusoidal motion functions were respectively applied in vertical direction and circle direction for the hopper to enable its vibration effect consistent with the actual electromagnetic vibration hopper. In the simulation test, dispersion time and total time were test indices, while inclination angle of bottom, orbit pitch and working voltage were influence factors. By observing the motion state and motion trajectory of stacked corn seeds in the hopper and analyzing the relationship between influence factors and test indices, the theoretical study results were verified and supplemented. At the same time, the electromagnetic vibration hopper was optimized. Lastly, the orthogonal test was conducted based on actual corn seeds and electromagnetic vibration hopper to verify the rationality of simulation optimization results, and the total time was taken as test index, and the inclination angle of bottom, orbit pitch and working voltage as influence factors as previous simulation test. Consequently the following results were gained: 1) The dispersion motion of stacked corn seeds was a compound motion, including forward circular motion, centrifugal motion and sliding motion. In the heap of corn seeds, the higher position of one corn seed resulted in smaller movement speed; the larger radius resulted in faster movement. 2) When the hopper diameter and height were determined, there were 3 factors related to the motion state of stacked corn seeds' dispersion and arraying transport, namely inclination angle of bottom, orbit pitch and working voltage. Among them, the inclination angle of bottom mainly influenced the dispersion motion; the orbit pitch only affected the arraying transport motion; the working voltage had effect on both of the 2 motions. Specifically, with the inclination angle of bottom increasing, the efficiency of stacked corn seeds' dispersion was improved, whereas the total efficiency barely changed. If the orbit pitch was less than 35 mm, its increasing would improve the total efficiency, but further increasing would reduce the total efficiency. If the voltage was less than 220 V, its increasing would significantly enhance the total efficiency, but further increasing showed no benefit to the total efficiency, and on the other hand resulted in unstable motion state. 3) The optimized working voltage was 220 V, the inclination angle of bottom was 4°, and the orbit pitch was 35 mm. Under these conditions, the stacked corn seeds' dispersion and arraying transport were stable with a high total efficiency. Generally, this research enriches the mechanism of stacked corn seeds' dispersion and arraying transport under circular electromagnetic vibration, and also provides reference for directional packaging and directional sowing of corns. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Hoppers
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Cost effectiveness - Crops - Dispersion (waves) - Efficiency - Machinery - Mechanization - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Arraying transport - Corn seeds - Electromagnetic vibrations - Inclination angles - Influential factors - Motion trajectories - Parameter optimization - Simulation optimization
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.50e-02m, Voltage 2.20e+02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20174104253204
Title:Improving water quality and balance of nitrogen and phosphorus in Dianchi lake based on ecological restoration with Eichhornia crassipes
Authors:Zhang, Zhiyong (1); Xu, Cunfa (1, 2); Yan, Shaohua (1); Wen, Xuezheng (1); Qin, Hongjie (1); Wang, Yan (1); Liu, Haiqin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Haiqin(zh84391231@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:235-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the improvement of water quality by confined growth of Eichhornia crassipes and the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus in Caohai of Dianchi Lake, a pilot project with large-scale cultivation of the macrophyte, which was aimed to remove contaminants and alleviate eutrophication in Caohai, was carried out from 2011 to 2013.The project consisted of 3 procedures as follows. 1) Seedlings of E. crassipes were cultivated in a man-made fence made of bamboos and nets. 2) After the rapid growth and propagation of E. crassipes, the macrophyte was harvested utilizing specially designed harvestors. 3) The harvested biomass of macrophyte was crushed and squeezed, the squeeze slag was processed to make organic fertilizer or silage feed, and the squeeze juice was processed to make biogas. During the project, the concentrations of TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in water at river inlets and Caohai were monitored every month. Plant samples of E. crassipes were collected in the period of cultivation and in the period of harvest to assay the N and P contents in the plant tissue. The coverage area of E. crassipes planted in Caohai was determined by satellite remote sensing technology, and the biomass of per unit area was measured by electronic balance in 1 m<sup>2</sup>quadrates at 9 different sites of the plant population. Then, the total biomass of the macrophyte was calculated from the average biomass of per unit area multiplied by the coverage area. Based on the above experiment data, the balance of TN and TP loads in the lake was estimated. The results showed that the average concentrations of TN and TP in the water decreased by 51.04% and 40.00%, respectively, from 14.48 and 0.60 mg/L before E. crassipes cultivation (from 2006 to 2010) to 7.09 and 0.36 mg/L after E. crassipes cultivation (from 2011 to 2013). The decreasing trend of TN and TP average concentrations from the lake inlets to the outlet of Caohai was observed, with the reduction of 9.74 mg/L TN and 0.40 mg/L TP. The balance of TN and TP loads in Caohai demonstrated that the assimilation of N and P by E. crassipes was one of important ways to remove N from the lake, and meanwhile most of the TN load into the lake (40.31%-59.04%) was removed through the nitrification/denitrification and sedimentation, and only a small proportion of TN input remained in the water as detected in the outlet water of the lake. However, the loss of TP via various ways was higher than the TP input into the lake, and 40.44%-116.56% of TP load into the lake was assimilated by E. crassipes, which indicated the P in sediment released into the lake water in the year of 2011. These results indicated that the large-scale confined growth of E. crassipes could play a large role in water quality improvement of Caohai, and the assimilation by E. crassipes was an important way to remove TN and the main way to remove TP from the water. All the above results indicate that the large-scale cultivation of E. crassipes to remove N and P in eutrophic waters is practicable. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Lakes
Controlled terms:Biomass - Ecology - Electronic scales - Eutrophication - Fertilizers - Harvesting - Image resolution - Microorganisms - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Remote sensing - Restoration - River pollution - Seed - Slags - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Average concentration - Ecological restoration - Eichhornia crassipes - Large scale cultivations - Nitrification/denitrification - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Satellite remote sensing - Water quality improvements
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.00e+00m2, Mass_Density 1.45e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.60e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.09e-03kg/m3, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.03e+01% to 5.90e+01%, Percentage 4.04e+01% to 1.17e+02%, Percentage 5.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20174104253195
Title:Analysis of horizontal flux and sand collecting efficiency of sand dust near ground surface based on field observations
Authors:Kang, Yongde (1, 2); Xia, Kaiwei (2); Yang, Xinghua (2); Huo, Wen (2); Yang, Fan (2); He, Qing (2); Mamtimin, Ali (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Geography and Tourism School of Science Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi; Xinjiang; 830045, China; (2) Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi; 830002, China
Corresponding author:He, Qing(qinhe@idm.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:168-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aeolian sand transport caused by soil wind erosion is a serious problem in many arid regions in the world, and it is considered to be the significant part of global biogeochemical cycles. The dust produced by aeolian sand transport can affect the atmospheric radiation balance, climate, the environment, air quality, and human health. Therefore, widespread attention has been attracted to the significance of aeolian sand transport for geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, ecology and environmental science. Sand sampler is an important instrument to measure the quantity of aeolian sand caused by wind erosion, and there were many sand samplers designed and used in wind tunnel and field experiments for measuring aeolian sand. Sampling efficiency is an important parameter for correcting the quantity of aeolian sand collected by sand sampler, its value depends on the structures of sand sampler, wind speed during measurement process, sand particle size and measuring time. The sand-dust horizontal flux is an important parameter for the study on aeolian sand transport, as well as an important foundation. The research on sand-dust horizontal flux can enhance our understanding of soil wind erosion, aeolian sand transport and wind sand disasters. The Taklimakan Desert is the second largest shifting sand desert in the world, with about 85% of its environment made up of shifting sand dunes, and it is known to be an important dust source area that contributes to the high incidence of dusty weather in China. There is an annual average of more than 100 days of dusty weather in the desert, and in some stations this figure can be over 200. It is a huge testing platform for field experiment of aeolian sand transport. In this study, a field experiment was developed to measure the data of aeolian transport and microclimate during different dust events with a auto sand sampler, a piezoelectric saltation sensor (Sensit, H11B) and a 10 m high meteorological tower in Tazhong, the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert from July to August in 2010. Then the sampling efficiency of auto sand sampler and horizontal dust flux of near surface were analyzed based on observed data. The results showed that: There was a good linear relationship between the amount of sediment and total saltation particle numbers, and the average value of R<sup>2</sup>was 0.6053. The average sampling efficiency of atuo sand sampler was 94.3% at 5 cm high. The horizontal dust flux of different dust events that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was calculated with formula Q=256 m, the maximum of one dust event was about 190.335 kg, and the minimum was 1.2 kg. Overall, the sand transport rate increased with wind speed. However, the changes of sand transport rate did not quite fit in with wind speed during some dust events, and in this case the corresponding surface temperature was significantly higher. The experimental data obtained can provide theoretical basis for regional sand control and enacting effective engineering measures. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Sand
Controlled terms:Air quality - Atmospheric movements - Atmospheric radiation - Biogeochemistry - Coastal engineering - Collector efficiency - Dust - Ecology - Efficiency - Erosion - Importance sampling - Landforms - Meteorological instruments - Particle size - Soil conservation - Soils - Wind - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Collecting efficiency - Dust levels - Engineering measures - Environmental science - Linear relationships - Meteorological tower - Sand collection - Sand control
Classification code:407.3 Coastal Engineering - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.2 Meteorological Instrumentation - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 702.3 Solar Cells - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.74e-01yr, Mass 1.20e+00kg, Mass 1.90e+02kg, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20174104253197
Title:Multi-assimilation methods based on AquaCrop model and remote sensing data
Authors:Xing, Huimin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); Li, Zhenhai (1, 2, 3, 4); Xu, Xingang (1, 2, 3, 4); Feng, Haikuan (1, 2, 3, 4); Yang, Guijun (1, 2, 3, 4); Chen, Zhaoxia (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informaties, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China; (5) 5.Shangqiu Normal University Department of Surveying and Planning, Shangqiu; 476000, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Xingang(xxgpaper@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:183-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Data assimilation has been known a promising approach for crop growth processing monitoring and yield estimation. In order to analyze the assimilation accuracy and efficiency of above ground biomass (AGB), canopy cover (CC) and yield of crop using AquaCrop crop growth model, which is an FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water, the field experiments were conducted during the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 winter wheat growing seasons at the National Precision Agriculture Demonstration Research Base in Beijing, China, and data were obtained in the jointing stage, flag leaf stage, anthesis stage and filling stage, respectively. Combined with ground remote sensing data, the AGB, CC and yield were simulated using the AquaCrop model under different water and nitrogen treatments with 3 data assimilation algorithms, which included particle swarm optimization (PSO), simulated annealing (SA) and shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA). Both AGB and CC were used as state variables in the 3 algorithms. The computation efficiency and assimilation results of these algorithms were compared. The results showed as follows: 1) Among the 3 assimilation algorithms, the efficiency of SCE-UA assimilation algorithm was the highest (833 s), while the SA was the lowest (1433 s). 2) Under different growth stages, the accuracy of AGB reduced with the growth of winter wheat. The simulation values of AGB were underestimated in jointing and flag leaf stages while overestimated in anthesis and filling stages. The simulation values of CC were overestimated in the jointing and flag leaf stages while underestimated in anthesis and filling stages. The ranges of RMSE (root mean square error), consistency index and MBE between the assimilated and measured AGB and CC by SCE-UA method were 0.57-1.92 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 0.90-1.00 and -11.8%-18.5%, and 6.6%-12.1%, 0.94-1.00 and -3.7%-9.5%, respectively. 3) Under 3 different water treatments (W0 (rainfed), W1 (normal irrigation) and W2 (over irrigation)), the AGB and yield values were underestimated. The CC values were overestimated under W0 treatment and underestimated under W1 and W2 treatments. The ranges of RMSE, consistency index and MBE between the assimilated and measured AGB, CC and yield by SCE-UA method were 0.93-1.43 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 0.98-1.00 and -12.5%-1.3%, and 8.0%-15.5%, 0.89-1.00 and 0.3%-18.4%, and 0.64-0.85 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 0.84-0.97 and -12.5%--5.7%, respectively. 4) Under 4 nitrogen fertilizer treatments (N1 (no fertilization), N2 (half fertilization), N3 (normal fertilization) and N4 (over fertilization)), the AGB values reduced with the increasing of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the CC values were overestimated and the yield values were underestimated. The ranges of RMSE, consistency index and MBE between the assimilated and measured AGB, CC and yield by SCE-UA method were 0.98-1.69 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 0.98-1.00 and -10.1%-6.0%, 8.9%-11.4%, 0.97-1.00 and -0.8%-8.7%, 0.60-0.96 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 0.90-1.00 and -9.6%--2.6%, respectively. For the 3 assimilation algorithms, the SCE-UA algorithm produced a higher estimation accuracy for the total AGB, CC and yield than the PSO algorithm and SA algorithm. The results indicate that the PSO, SA and SCE-UA can well simulate winter wheat AGB, CC and yield, and amongst them the SCE-UA algorithm performs the best in terms of computation efficiency and accuracy. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Computational efficiency
Controlled terms:Crops - Ecology - Efficiency - Evolutionary algorithms - Fertilizers - Filling - Injection molding - Irrigation - Mean square error - Models - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Optimization - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Remote sensing - Simulated annealing
Uncontrolled terms:Above ground biomass - Assimilation algorithms - Canopy cover - Data assimilation - Data assimilation algorithms - Different growth stages - RMSE (root mean square error) - Shuffled Complex Evolution
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -1.01e+01% to 6.00e+00%, Percentage -1.18e+01% to 1.85e+01%, Percentage -1.25e+01% to 1.30e+00%, Percentage -3.70e+00% to 9.50e+00%, Percentage -8.00e-01% to 8.70e+00%, Percentage 3.00e-01% to 1.84e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+00% to 1.21e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 1.55e+01%, Time 1.43e+03s, Time 8.33e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20174104253188
Title:Comparison of farmland crop classification methods based on visible light images of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors:Guo, Peng (1, 2); Wu, Fadong (1); Dai, Jianguo (3); Wang, Haijiang (4); Xu, Liping (2); Zhang, Guoshun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geoscience, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) College of Information Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (4) College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Fadong(wufd@cugb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:112-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Xinjiang is the main cultivated area of cotton in China. It is very important to obtain data of planting area every year. Access to accurate, large-scale farmland planting information is also the basis for precision agriculture. Many scholars at home and abroad have carried out relevant research. They use different methods to extract information on crop cultivation at different time, but the data are relatively slow to update. Small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing with low cost, low risk, high temporal and spatial resolution and other characteristics, is very suitable for rapid extraction of crop information and crop classification. Color space conversion, texture analysis and color index and other methods can effectively enhance and tap the potential information of the image, which is helpful to the image classification. In this paper, we used the UAV images acquired in September 2016 to carry out the extraction of crop types in some farmland of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Corps. Through the conversion of color space and the processing of different texture filtering, the texture features of the objects in the image could be solved satisfactorily, which could better solve the phenomenon of the same spectrum and the heterogeneity of the same kind, and improve the recognition accuracy of the feature. First, the color space conversion and the gray level co-occurrence texture filtering were carried out, and 27 color and texture features were obtained. By comparing the coefficient of variation and the difference coefficients of the 3 color features and 24 texture features, we believed that the brightness, saturation and red second order moment could be used as the optimal classification characteristics. Secondly, due to the lack of near-infrared band data, only the visible light red band and green band were used to build color index to extract vegetation information. This paper calculated the excess green index (EXG) and the visible-band difference vegetation index (VDVI) of the image. By comparing the threshold of the EXG and the VDVI of the gray scale image, it was determined that the EXG could effectively distinguish the different crop types. Finally, the visual interpretation results were compared with the results based on the combination of color texture feature classification and color index classification. The results showed that the measured areas of cotton, maize and grape were 0.4901, 0.0421 and 0.1432 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The areas of the 3 crop types based on color and texture features were 0.4548, 0.0441, and 0.1398 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and the areas of the 3 crop types based on the color index feature were 0.5477, 0.0398 and 0.0994 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The error values for the former method when applied to the classification of cotton, maize and grape were 7.2%, 4.75% and 2.37%, respectively. The results showed that the extraction accuracy of crop type based on color and texture feature was higher than that of color index. However, both of the methods are based on single pixel. For the same kind of crop, due to differences in spectral characteristics, some internal area is included into other crop types, and there is a significant salt and pepper effect. Related data post-processing for the wrongly classified small patch should be performed to improve the classification accuracy. In some researches, the object-oriented classification method on the basis of calculating the correlation index can better solve the problem of discontinuities and incompleteness of the same object based on the pixel classification method. At the same time, the study of farmland information extraction of larger scale UAV data cannot be carried out in this paper, which will be further explored in the follow-up study. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Color - Cotton - Crops - Cultivation - Data handling - Data mining - Farms - Image classification - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image texture - Information retrieval - Infrared devices - Light - Pixels - Remote sensing - Space optics - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Color and texture features - Color index - Crop classification methods - Farmland - Gray level Co occurrences - Object oriented classification - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.40e+05m2, Area 1.43e+05m2, Area 3.98e+04m2, Area 4.21e+04m2, Area 9.94e+04m2, Percentage 2.37e+00%, Percentage 4.75e+00%, Percentage 7.20e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20174104253183
Title:Manufacture and carrying capacity of curved groove ball bearing in pressing and rubbing mechanism of barking machines
Authors:Shi, Nuo (1); Guo, Kangquan (1, 2); Wang, Mingjie (1); Fan, Yujie (1); Liu, Baoxuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Agriculture Equipment, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Kangquan(jdgkq@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:74-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to satisfy the pressing and rubbing operation effects of barking machines and simplify its mechanical structure, a curved groove ball bearing was designed. The outer ring of curved groove ball bearing was a three-dimensional sine curve circular arc raceway with a period of 7 and an amplitude of 1 mm. The inner ring of curved groove ball bearing was designed as a fixed ball hole structure. The curved groove ball bearings were installed in pairs, the center axis of the two bearings needed to be lined up properly, and its installation should be ensured the "Peak" to the "Valley". The rotation of the inner ring was driven by spindle rotation in operation, the rolling element moved into the inner ring ball socket, at the same time, moved along the outer ring raceway. That formed gyratory motions and straight reciprocating motions of the shaft. The main structural parameters of curved groove ball bearing were as follows: outer diameter 80 mm, inner diameter 50 mm, width 16 mm, radius of outer ring raceway 5 mm, radius of spherical cavity 5.9 mm, small ball diameter in spherical cavity 1 mm, curvature radius of small ball fixed point 4.9 mm, roller diameter 9.525 mm, rolling number 7, and original contact angle 25°. The raceway of outer ring affects not only the motion characteristics of curved groove ball bearing but also its carrying capacity. The contact stress of five contact points between rolling element and peak to bottom of outer ring raceway under different loading forces was analyzed, and force analysis model of the curved groove ball bearing was established. Theoretical arithmetic results showed that the contact stress between the rolling element and the outer ring was decreased from peak to valley, and increased by the loading force. Base on theoretical analysis, curved groove ball bearing was designed. A self-made test bench was used to test the curved groove ball bearing samples. The test bench exerted a radial force upon the bearing by weight loading methods, and exerted an axial force by adjusting the amount of spring compression. A phase adjustable bearing seat was adopted on the test bench. The installation phase of the two bearings could be adjusted by nuts to ensure the synchronous movement of the two bearings and avoid the interference of the movement. The curved groove ball bearing was applied to the professional equipment of agricultural products processing and utilization, the requirements of the running speed was not too high, and considering the machining precision during the trial, therefor the test bearing was tested at a low speed. The spindle speed of test bench was controlled by frequency converter. The test bearings operated at speeds of 60 r/min. The thermocouple was attached to the bottom of the outer ring for temperature detection. The outer ring temperature rising processes were tested in the radial force 150 N under the condition of axial load for outer ring 80, 120, 160, 200 and 235 N, and in the axial force 160 N under the condition of radial force for outer ring 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 N. The self-made curved groove ball bearing is stable and reliable during the tests. The results showed that the temperature rising range of bearing outer ring with the increase of loading forces s was heightened, and the temperature rise speed was accelerated. The temperature rise curve suddenly increased in the beginning of 5 min, and reached 80% of the stable temperature rise. The temperature rise curve tends to be gentle and basically reached the thermal equilibrium state after 10 min. Our research provides the reference for the structure optimization, shaping production and subsequent application of the curved groove ball bearing. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Spherical roller bearings
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural products - Axial flow - Ball bearings - Bearings (machine parts) - Bearings (structural) - Design - Loads (forces) - Machinery - Mechanization - Roller bearings - Speed - Stress analysis - Structural design - Structural optimization - Thermocouples
Uncontrolled terms:Contact Stress - Mechanical structures - Motion characteristics - Professional equipment - Sinusoid - Structure optimization - Temperature rise - Thermal equilibrium state
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 6.00e+01RPM, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.60e-02m, Size 4.90e-03m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 5.90e-03m, Size 8.00e-02m, Size 9.53e-03m, Time 3.00e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s, Force 1.50e+02N, Force 1.60e+02N, Force 2.00e+02N, Force 2.35e+02N, Force 2.50e+02N, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20174104253180
Title:Determination of restitution coefficient of potato tubers collision in harvest and analysis of its influence factors
Authors:Feng, Bin (1, 2); Sun, Wei (3); Shi, Linrong (3); Sun, Bugong (3); Zhang, Tao (1); Wu, Jianmin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Lanzhou Vocational Technical College, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jianmin(wujm@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:50-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The restitution coefficient is an important fundamental physical indicator of the agricultural materials related to the research and development of farm machinery. In order to build a collision model of the potato tubers colliding on the soil-potato separation mechanism and the vibrating screen, a restitution coefficient measuring device based on kinematics was designed in this paper, and the restitution coefficient of potato tubers was measured and analyzed. The collision materials, the falling height, the quality of potato tubers, and the moisture content of potato tubers, the drop direction of potato tubers, and the potato varieties affected the restitution coefficient of the potato tubers, and a mixed orthogonal experiment was conducted based on the scheme of L<inf>16</inf>(4<sup>4</sup>×2<sup>3</sup>). Then, single factor tests concerning the falling height, the quality of potato tubers, and the moisture content of potato tubers were carried out and the corresponding regression equations were obtained by analysis. In this paper, the potato cultivars Gansu potato 7 and Xindaping, which were widely cultivated in the northwest arid area, were selected as the research object. In the experiment, the samples were randomly selected from the potatoes and the quality was measured. The quality difference of the potato tuber was controlled within 10 g. The potato moisture content was measured 5 days before harvest, 3 days before harvest, on the day of harvest, and 3 days after harvest, respectively. In the process of mechanical excavation of harvest machine, the collision occurred between potato and 4 kinds of materials including rubber, 65Mn steel, clods (average moisture content of 11.65%, average soil robustness of 265 kPa), and potato. The adjustment screw on the self-made measuring device was used to adjust the potato delivery hole to control the drop height of the potato. For each test, the potatoes descended from the same height and collided with the inclined plane at a fixed angle, and started a parabolic motion after rebound. The horizontal displacements of the potatoes falling into the sand table were measured with and without the support base, respectively. The vertical displacement of the 2 groups was measured by the measuring tool. And the restitution coefficient of potato tuber collisions was calculated by using the relevant formula. The experimental results show that the most significant factor is the collision material, followed by the falling height, then the quality of potato tubers and the moisture content of potato tubers. The drop direction of potato tubers and the potato varieties are the most insignificant factors. Furthermore, the restitution coefficient of potato and 65Mn steel, rubber, potato and soil decreased in turn, and decreased with the increasing of the falling height, and the quality of potato tubers. Under the condition of the potato tubers' moisture content of 76.44%, the collision material of 65Mn steel, and the quality of potato (Xin Daping) of 227.22 g, the determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup>of the regression equation for the curve of the potato tubers' restitution coefficient with the falling height was 0.9916. When the collision material was 65Mn steel, the potato drop height was 650 mm and the potato (Xin Daping) moisture content was 76.44%, the determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup>for the curve of the potato tubers' restitution coefficient with the material thickness was greater than 0.9. Those results above can provide the basis for the optimization design of potato harvesting machine and the key components of soil-potato separation device. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Tubes (components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crops - Cultivation - Drops - Factor analysis - Harvesters - Harvesting - Kinematics - Machine components - Machinery - Mechanization - Moisture - Moisture determination - Plants (botany) - Quality control - Rope - Rubber - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Horizontal displacements - Orthogonal experiment - Potato - Research and development - Restitution coefficient - Separation mechanism - Vertical displacements
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.37e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Mass 1.00e-02kg, Mass 2.27e-01kg, Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 7.64e+01%, Pressure 2.65e+05Pa, Size 6.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20174104253189
Title:Spatial distribution of runoff erosion power based on SWAT Model in Yanhe River Basin
Authors:Gong, Junfu (1); Li, Zhanbin (1, 2); Li, Peng (1); Ren, Zongping (1); Yang, Yuanyuan (1); Han, Lu (1); Tang, Shanshan (1); Sun, Qian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Northwest Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Ecology of Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Peng(lipeng74@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:120-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Loess Plateau is the region with the most concentrated and largest loess area in the world. It is also one of the regions suffering the most severe water and soil erosion and with the most fragile eco-environment. Loess Plateau features complex and diverse landform with ravines and gullies criss-cross. It is a key region for implementing water and soil conservation and ecological restoration in China. With this regard, researches on spatial distribution of soil erosion are quite necessary. In the common basin soil erosion models used at home and abroad, the most widely applied erosion factor is the rainfall erosivity, which reflects the comprehensive effect of raindrop splash on soil erosion, but does not reflect the effects of runoff erosion and sediment transport during water erosion process, while runoff erosion power may better reflect the comprehensive effect of water erosion force from the perspective of the energy. This research introduces the concept of runoff erosion power of storm. It extends the runoff erosion power of a single storm to a year scale based on the simulation results with SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model in Yanhe River Basin, and obtains the annual runoff erosion power of each sub-stream. Then, researches on spatial distribution and spatial scale are performed, so as to reveal the impact of different spatial distributions and spatial scales on the water erosion process. The results show that in the SWAT model, Yanhe Basin is divided into 81 sub-streams, and the simulation effects are good, which proves that the SWAT model is feasible in this region, and can reflect the actual water regime of this basin. Runoff erosion power of Yanhe Basin has regular spatial distribution, i.e. "large in tributary, small in main stream; large at upstream, small at downstream; large in the south and small in the north". Besides, runoff erosion power of possesses present obvious spatial scale effect. The runoff erosion power is in power function relation with the control area of sub-stream outlet section, and the threshold of spatial scale effect is at about 155 km<sup>2</sup>, and is in exponential relation with the river length above the sub-stream outlet section. The spatial scale effect thresholds of runoff erosion power of the Xingzi River, the Xichuan River and the Yanhe River are 53, 90 and 17 km, respectively. The spatial scale effect is different due to the different spatial position. In addition, the spatial scale factor, river network density and other factors will also affect the runoff erosion power. The spatial scale has a significant effect on most areas of the Yanhe River, and the main stream is mainly affected. The density of the river network has a great influence on the runoff erosion power in the tributary distribution area, but has no effect on the mainstream area. This research has clarified spatial distribution and scale effect of the water erosion power in Yanhe Basin, which provides the theoretical support for implementation of specific land and water resources management, water and soil conservation projects and ecological restoration measures in the regions along Yanhe Basin. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Conservation - Ecology - Erosion - Landforms - Rain - Restoration - Runoff - Sediment transport - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soil surveys - Soils - Spatial distribution - Storms - Water conservation - Water resources - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological restoration - Erosion and sediment transports - Scale effects - Soil and Water assessment tools - SWAT model - Water and soil conservations - Water resources management - Yanhe River
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.55e+08m2, Size 1.70e+04m, Size 9.00e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20174104253185
Title:Physical-chemical and aggregation properties of biodiesel soot particles prepared at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure
Authors:Li, Chuan (1); Wu, Bo (1); Liu, Tianxia (1); Liu, Yiming (1); Hu, Xianguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Xianguo(xghu@hfut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:90-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As worldwide energy demands increase, renewable fuels are attracting plenty of attention as a pathway towards environmentally sustainable future and improved energy independence. Biodiesel is a renewable energy and is regarded as an excellent substitute for petro diesel. Biodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters with long-chain fatty acids and is typically made from nontoxic resources such as vegetable oils, animal fats or waste cooking oils. Engines powered by biodiesel can benefit from reduced particulate matter (PM) and greenhouse gas emission, however, the generation of soot is a by-product of the combustion process that cannot easily be eliminated. Most of the biodiesel soot (BDS) generated during the combustion process is exhausted, but some can contaminate the lubricating oil within the sump as a result of blow-by gasses. BDS agglomeration in the lubricating oil can lead to increase the viscosity of lubricating oil and may result in an increased wear of an engine's critical components, shortening of oil life, and the increased frequency of oil changes. Therefore, physical-chemical properties and aggregation of BDS must be studied. In this study, BDS and No. 0 diesel soot (DS) were obtained by the combustion of biodiesel and No. 0 diesel at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure. A rotating viscometer was used to investigate the effect of BDS and DS on the aggregation of liquid paraffin (LP). The morphology, composition, structure and aggregation mechanism of BDS and DS were investigated by means of field-emission transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analyzer, zeta potentiostat and optical contact angle/interface tension meter. The results showed that chain-like aggregation of BDS and DS were consisted of a large amount of near-spherical primary particles and the average primary particle diameter of BDS (35 nm) was smaller than the average primary particle diameter of DS (39 nm). BDS contained more carbon content and less oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur content than DS. The degree of graphitization disorder of BDS (I<inf>D</inf>/I<inf>G</inf>=2.937) was lower than that of DS (I<inf>D</inf>/I<inf>G</inf>=3.162). The groups (C-C, C-O-C and C-OH) were presented on the surfaces of BDS and DS. Moreover, only DS contained C=O group. The relative viscosity increased by exponential function with increasing BDS or DS content at 20℃. The relative viscosity of LP contaminated by BDS was higher than that of DS when the mass fraction of soot was higher than 1%. Both BDS and DS could agglomerate in to larger particles in LP, but the agglomerate dimension of BDS (227.8 nm) in LP was bigger than the agglomerate dimension of DS (194.5 nm) in LP. In terms of the aggregation mechanism, compared with DS, BDS possessed higher surface energy and less lipophilicity. BDS was apt to agglomerate in to larger aggregation particles in LP, which was the main reason for the effect of BDS on relative viscosity of LP was greater than DS. This study not only provides reference for the wide application of biodiesel in diesel engine, but also lays foundation of the dispersion of BDS in the lubricating oil. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Oils and fats
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Atmospheric chemistry - Atmospheric pressure - Biodiesel - Carbon - Combustion - Diesel engines - Dust - Engines - Exhaust systems (engine) - Exponential functions - Fatty acids - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Greenhouse gases - High resolution transmission electron microscopy - Lubricating oils - Lubrication - Morphology - Optical emission spectroscopy - Particle size - Soot - Spectrometers - Structure (composition) - Thermal processing (foods) - Transmission electron microscopy - Viscosity - Voltage regulators - Waste incineration - X ray diffraction - X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregation mechanism - Aggregation property - Chain-like aggregation - Field-emission transmission electron microscopies - Fourier transform infrared spectrometer - Long chain fatty acid - Physical chemical property - Rotating viscometers
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 523 Liquid Fuels - 607.1 Lubricants - 607.2 Lubrication - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 732.1 Control Equipment - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 921 Mathematics - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Size 1.95e-07m, Size 2.28e-07m, Size 3.50e-08m, Size 3.90e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20174104253212
Title:Heat pump drying properties of chili and optimization of technical parameters
Authors:Ji, Changying (1); Jiang, Sijie (1); Zhang, Bo (1); Guo, Jun (1); Memon, Muhammad Sohail (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam; 70060, Pakistan
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:296-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chili is a kind of spicy vegetable in the genus Capsicum member of the nightshade family, with the essential condiment components of polyphenols, carotenoids, capsaicinoids, vitamin C and E and other nutrients. Although it is easy for fresh chili into mildew condition, dried chili can not only be preserved for a long time, but also increase economic benefits. However, the ordinary drying method for chili, especially sun-drying is restricted by natural conditions, and chili is easy to be polluted by pests, microorganisms, and dust. Among different techniques of drying worldwide, heat pump drying technology is commonly used in chili drying and it has the advantages of improving the quality, saving energy and improving efficiency in the process of drying. In this paper, we designed a fruit and vegetable drying integrated machine for the experiments at College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University with Xuzhou Haitao Refrigeration Company. The effects of the first stage temperature, the second stage temperature, the material thickness and the interaction of these 3 factors on comprehensive score, unit energy consumption and drying time were investigated. These parameters were optimized through the response surface method with 3 factors as well as 3 levels. Linear weighting method was used to analyze comprehensive multi-objective optimization, and regression equations of 3 indices were developed based on the experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the effect of temperature on the drying rate is important, a higher temperature means a higher drying rate, and in the temperature range of 55-65℃, there is a significant increment in drying rate. Similarly, the material thickness also has a great impact on the drying rate. If the material is thicker, then the drying rate is lower; and if the thickness is more than 50 mm, it results in the obvious decrease of drying rate. The first stage temperature, the second stage temperature, and material thickness have significant impacts on comprehensive score, unit energy consumption and drying time. The major factor affecting unit energy consumption was the first stage temperature (P<0.05). Lower first stage temperature could reduce unit energy consumption. The major factor affecting comprehensive score and drying time was the second stage temperature (P<0.05). Lower second stage temperature was beneficial to the quality of dry chili and reduced time consumption during the drying. The quality of dry chili is excellent when the second stage temperature is about 60℃. The material thickness had an obvious influence on the comprehensive score, unit energy consumption and drying time (P<0.01). The quality of chili was better when the material thickness was about 45 mm. When the first stage temperature, the second stage temperature, and material thickness were 48℃, 61℃ and 44 mm, respectively, the Composite quality score was 8.64, the unit energy consumption was 92.05 kJ/kg and the drying time was 896.02 min. These were the optimal results got from the 3 evaluation indices. The research provides a theoretical basis for the application of heat pump drying technology in chili drying. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Thermal processing (foods)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Drying - Energy utilization - Heat pump systems - Multiobjective optimization - Optimization - Plants (botany) - Pumps - Quality control - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Chili - Effect of temperature - Fruit and vegetables - Heat pumps - Improving efficiency - Parameter - Regression equation - Response surface method
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.40e-02m, Size 4.50e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Specific_Energy 9.20e+04J/kg, Time 5.38e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 41>
Accession number:20174104253196
Title:Effects of saving water and fertilizer conservation for potted Chinese rose using controlled-release compound fertilizers combined with water retention agent
Authors:Zhao, Chenhao (1); Zhang, Min (1); Liu, Zhiguang (1, 2); Zhang, Qiang (2); Zheng, Wenkui (1); Yang, Xiuyi (1); Ma, Jinzhao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Linshu, 276700, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Zhiguang(liuzhiguang8235126@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:175-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water retaining agent (WRA) is a high-hydrophilic polymer which absorbs large amount of water, and is widely used in agriculture. WRA and fertilizer application of collocation is one of the important techniques of water and fertilizer management. In order to study the effects of WRA combined with different fertilizers on the water and fertilizer conservation capacity of soil, soil column and Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq. ) pot experiments were conducted in our research. There were six treatments: common compound fertilizer without WRA (CCFW0), common compound fertilizer combined with 0.25‰ of soil weight WRA (CCFW1), common compound fertilizer combined with 0.5‰ of soil weight WRA (CCFW2), controlled-release compound fertilizer without WRA (CRCFW0), controlled-release compound fertilizer combined with 0.25‰ of soil weight WRA (CRCFW1), controlled release compound fertilizer combined with 0.5‰ of soil weight WRA (CRCFW2), and the soil water, nitrogen and potassium leaching loss rate and physiological characteristics of the rose were determined. Results showed that: (1) In the soil column experiment, compared with CCFW0 treatment, CCFW2 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the loss of water by 33.6%; CRCFW1 and CRCFW2 treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the loss of water by 50.8% and 51.7%, the leaching amount of nitrogen by 19.7% and 30.6%, respectively compared with CRCFW0 treatment. Compared with common compound fertilizer (CCF) treatment which combined application with equal dosage of WRA, the controlled-release compound fertilizer (CRCF) treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the leaching amount of nitrogen by 72.4% to 75.6%, and significantly (P<0.05) reduced the leaching amount of potassium by 81.5% to 84.2%. The leaching amount of nitrogen of CCF treatments showed no significant (P>0.05) difference, but the leaching amount of potassium was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 11.6% to 26.3% as the application of WRA increased; (2) Compared with the treatments without WRA, CCF combined WRA showed no significant (P>0.05) difference on flowering phase and flower numbers, however, CRCF combined WRA significantly (P>0.05) increased the flower number, plant height and flower diameter by 12.5%, 7.9%-12.1% and 46.9%-53.1%, respectively. As such, the ornamental value of Chinese rose was increased. Compared with CCF treatments, the CRCF treatments which combined the same dosage of WRA significantly advanced flowering date of Chinese rose by 5-7 d, the period of flowering time was prolonged by 5-10 d, and the flower numbers were increased by 26.7%-41.2%, respectively, plant height, stem width, and leaves net photosynthetic rate of CRCF treatments were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 12.8%-36.0%, 5.4%-15.2%, and 18.2%-29.6%. With the same dosage of WRA, CRCF treatments increased SOD and POD activities by 12.6%-33.0% and 14.5%-31.1%, respectively. Compared with CCF, CRCF could decrease the optimum application of WRA, and fully exert the characteristics of water retaining and fertilizer conservation of WRA. Under the condition of this study, the CRCF combined 0.25‰ soil weight of WRA should be the optimum fertilization schedule. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Fertilizers - Leaching - Nitrogen - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Potassium - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese rose - Compound fertilizer - Fertilizer applications - Net photosynthetic rate - Physiological characteristics - Saving water and fertilizers - Soil column - Water retention agents
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.16e+01% to 2.63e+01%, Percentage 1.25e+01% to 7.90e+00%, Percentage 1.26e+01% to 3.30e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01% to 3.60e+01%, Percentage 1.45e+01% to 3.11e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01% to 2.96e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.67e+01% to 4.12e+01%, Percentage 3.06e+01%, Percentage 4.69e+01% to 5.31e+01%, Percentage 5.08e+01%, Percentage 5.17e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+01% to 7.56e+01%, Percentage 8.15e+01% to 8.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.13.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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