<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20173304046264
Title:Design and test of fluid and small-amount seed metering device for foxtail millet
Authors:Zhang, Yanqing (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Wang, Feng (2); Hou, Huaming (1); Hu, Xizhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Information, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030800, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:20-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the difficulties of sowing for foxtail millet and improve the low germination rate of millet after sowing in dry land of North China, we firstly studied the agricultural requirements of precision drill of millet without thinning out seedlings. We prepared a mixed suspension of foxtail millet using water and agricultural super absorbent polymers, because the agricultural super absorbent polymers can promote crop growth. We did some experiments to find suitable super absorbent polymers and the optimal proportion for mixed suspension according to the requirement of fluid seeding. At the same time we designed a kind of seed metering device by small-amount liquid for foxtail millet. This paper determined the number of rollers, dimension parameter and combination form of tube. It also expounded sucking seeds, delivering seeds and metering seeds of this seed metering device. This device consists of seed box, delivery pump, pump tube, three-way tube, long bent tube, end drainage tube and short bent tube. The function of delivery pump is providing power for the seed metering device, the function of three-way tube is dividing and combining the mixed suspension, the long bent tube or the short bent tube can improve the uniformity of seeding, and the end drainage tube can decrease every drop volume of mixed suspension to ensure that every drop has 2-3 seeds. Because the delivery pump has impulsive motion, we greatly reduced the impulsive motion of this device by using 6 rollers of.delivery pump and designing the structural style of tube, which has long bent tube, short bent tube, three-way tube and end drainage tube. The length of long bent tube is 100 mm, and the length of short bent tube is 74.4 mm. We also chose the material and diameter of tube. The material of tube is silica gel, which has the advantages of good elasticity and long service life. The diameter of pump tube, long bent tube, short bent tube and end drainage tube is 4.8, 4, 4 and 4 mm, respectively. Finally we designed and conducted the experiments of the uniformity and steadiness for mixed suspension of millet, and the variability coefficient of seed number was adopted. And we performed the performance tests with 4 indices adopted, including the percentage of damaged seeds, qualified rate of hill distance, qualified rate of seed number per hill, and rate of no seed hill for seed metering device in laboratory. We also carried out the field experiment of sowing with 3 indices including the qualified rate of hill distance, qualified rate of plant number per hill and seedling emergence rate for this device. The results showed that the suitable agricultural super absorbent polymer was Anxin for preparing the mixed suspension of foxtail millet, and the quality ratio of super absorbent polymers, grain of millet seed and water was 1.1 : 10 : 200 in mixed suspension; the variability coefficient of seed number was 9.8% in this mixed suspension, and was 9.7%-10.4% within 5 hours, and the seeds in mixed suspension had no obvious settlement. The percentage of damaged seeds was less than 0.01%, the qualified rate of hill distance was greater than 86%, the qualified rate of seed number per hill was greater than 75%, and the rate of no seed hill was less than 4% in laboratory test. The qualified rate of hill distance was greater than 77%, the qualified rate of plant number per hill was greater than 74%, and the seedling emergence rate was greater than 87% in field experiment of sowing. The results provide a theoretical reference for the design and analysis of seed metering device by small-amount liquid for small grain seeds. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Absorption - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Design - Drops - Experiments - Fluids - Foamed plastics - Grain (agricultural product) - Machine design - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Polymers - Pumps - Silica gel - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Design and analysis - Foxtail millet - Long service life - Performance tests - Seed metering devices - Seedling emergence - Sowing - Superabsorbent polymer
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 618.2 Pumps - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-02%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+00% to 1.04e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 7.44e-02m, Time 1.80e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20173304046282
Title:Effects of straw mulching and drip irrigation scheduling on photosynthetic characteristic and yield of winter wheat
Authors:Zhang, Yanqun (1); Wang, Jiandong (1); Gong, Shihong (1); Xu, Di (1); Sun, Jiwen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Irrigation and Drainage Department, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jiandong(wangjd@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:162-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Determining the photosynthetic parameters is the basis for understanding the physiological causes of water saving and yield increasing under drip irrigation modes. In this study, intrinsic photosynthetic parameters were determined during four years experiments in winter wheat field treated with six drip irrigation modes (T1 to T6, stands for treatments of lower irrigation amount with straw mulch, lower irrigation amount without straw mulch, moderate irrigation amount with straw mulch, moderate irrigation amount without straw mulch, higher irrigation amount with straw mulch, and higher irrigation amount without straw mulch, respectively). The differences in photosynthetic parameters among treatments were statistically analyzed, and the correlations between photosynthetic parameters and crop yield were analyzed. The results showed that increasing irrigation amount and straw mulch enhanced the apparent photon quantum efficiency (α), photosynthetic capacity (A<inf>max</inf>), maximum carboxylation rate (V<inf>cmax</inf>) and maximum electron transfer rate (J<inf>max</inf>), respectively. However, the interaction effects of irrigation amount and mulching on photosynthetic parameters were not significant (p > 0.1). The effect of drip irrigation on apparent quantum efficiency (α) was significant (P < 0.05) during the late periods of the heading and grain filling stages, while the effect of straw mulch on α was not significant (P > 0.1). The effect of straw mulch and drip irrigation on A<inf>max</inf>show significant (P < 0.05) seasonal differences. The effects of drip irrigation on V<inf>cmax</inf>and J<inf>max</inf>were significant (P < 0.05) during the mid-season periods of the heading and grain filling stages, while the effects of straw mulch were significant (P < 0.05) during the later periods of the heading and grain filling stages. The results of multiple comparisons showed that the photosynthetic parameters of T5 were the highest (P < 0.05). Except for the measurements in 2016, the corresponding values of T6 and T3 were slightly lower but with no significant difference from those of T5 (P > 0.1). However, the corresponding values of T2 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of T5. These results suggested that, under higher irrigation amount, photosynthetic parameters were not affected significantly (P > 0.05) by mulching, but under lower irrigation amount, the parameters significantly (P < 0.05) decreased if treated with no mulching. The average values of A<inf>max</inf>during the four years from T1 to T6 were 29.59, 26.45, 31.44, 28.68, 32.42 and 30.90 μmol/ (m<sup>2</sup>·s), respectively. The average values of V<inf>cmax</inf>during the four years from T1 to T6 were 121.42, 107.68, 133.42, 113.55, 141.83 and 129.95 μmol/ (m<sup>2</sup>·s), respectively. From the point of view of reducing the amount of irrigation, T3 irrigation scheduling can be used as an optimal strategy for winter wheat under drip irrigation with straw mulch, indicating that 65% to 85% of the field capacity was used as the lower and upper limits of soil moisture control. The management practices of drip irrigation with straw mulch can keep the higher photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf for winter wheat. The differences in A<inf>max</inf>and V<inf>cmax</inf>among treatments could be explained by the leaf nitrogen content (N<inf>mass</inf>). Grain yield for all years were also linearly related to A<inf>max</inf>and V<inf>cmax</inf>, respectively. Therefore, by measuring N<inf>mass</inf>, one can estimate A<inf>max</inf>and V<inf>cmax</inf>, thus achieving the yield estimates of winter wheat field in this area. In addition, the photosynthetic characteristic parameters can also be applied to the crop model to improve the accuracy of model prediction under different water and mulch regimes. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Carboxylation - Crops - Efficiency - Filling - Grain (agricultural product) - Moisture control - Nitrogen - Photosynthesis - Physiological models - Quantum efficiency - Scheduling - Soil moisture - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Electron transfer rates - Irrigation scheduling - Leaf nitrogen content - Photosynthetic capacity - Photosynthetic characteristics - Photosynthetic parameters - Straw mulching - Winter wheat
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.4 Quantum Theory; Quantum Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.50e+01% to 8.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20173304046277
Title:Subsurface drainage system layout to meet high assurance rate of waterlogging control in coastal mud-flat farmlands in Jiangsu
Authors:Chen, Cheng (1); Luo, Wan (1); Jia, Zhonghua (1); Li, Shan (2); Sun, Shaojiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Wan(luowan@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:122-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modern agricultural development in the coastal mud-flat area of Jiangsu, China faces the challenges of poor drainage water management; the existing open ditch systems cannot meet the drainage requirement for water table control and waterlogging prevention due to the concentrated rainfall during the crop growing seasons. In order to examine the subsurface drainage system layout plans based on the high probability of waterlogging prevention in the farmlands, a model simulation study using the field hydrology model-DRAINMOD was conducted for cotton growing condition in Dongtai, Jiangsu, China. The applicability of DRAINMOD was tested with reported data of water table drawdown from a locally conducted subsurface drainage experiment. Long term simulations were subsequently conducted based on daily weather data from 1953 to 2015 in the study area, and the soil drainage and crop factors. The waterlogging control objective was based on lowering water table depth to 80 cm below soil surface in 3 days after rainfall events, and DRAINMOD simulation results for different subsurface drainage system layout plans were evaluated on the assurance rate of 95%. In addition, the effect of supplemental irrigation on crop yields were examined through simulations of crop yields with different irrigation strategies. The simulation results showed that: 1) DRAINMOD could predict water table depths reasonably well for the study area and the relative error between simulated and measured water table depths was 4.7%; to meet the high assurance rate of 95% for cotton, the required subsurface pipe spacing presented a logarithmic relationship with the subsurface pipe depth that ranged from 80 to 200 cm (P<0.01); when supplemental irrigation was applied in August, the predicted average relative yields of cotton were in the range of 84.3% to 86.3% under the proposed drainage system layout. 2) For the optimum design of subsurface drain depth at 150 cm and spacing at 20 m, with good surface drainage condition, the simulated subsurface drainage accounted for 87.3% of the total drainage, the surface drainage alone could not meet the drainage requirement for waterlogging reduction in the study area. 3) DRAINMOD predicted values of the soil excess water index (SEW<inf>30</inf>) in the flowering and boll-forming stage of cotton were in the range of 27.15 to 47.49 cm∙d, which were much lower than the values that would lead to 10% to 15% reduction of the cotton yield based on existing studies. 4) For a severe 3-day storm event that produced 369.9 mm rainfall in 3 days in the simulated period, DRAINMOD simulation results showed that shallow and narrowly placed drains could lower water table more effectively during the early days of drainage, while the deep and wider drains could lower water table to a greater depth during the later time period. 5) For the coastal area, lowering water table depth from 150 cm to 200cm may result in salt water surface rise of 11.96 m, posing a potential threat of saltwater intrusion. Because lowering water table to an excessive depth may lead to high soil moisture and nutrient losses, the subsurface drainage pipes should be placed as shallow as necessary to achieve the desired water table control level from both the economical and the environmental perspective. Considering multiple objectives of waterlogging reduction, salinity control, maximum crop yields, environmental protection and economic benefits, the authors recommend the drain depths of between 120 cm and 150 cm and the spacing between 15 m and 20 m as the appropriate design parameters for the study area. Findings from this study may provide technical reference for agricultural drainage system installation in the coastal mud-flat area. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Produced Water
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Coastal zones - Cotton - Crops - Cultivation - Drainage - Farms - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Irrigation - Rain - Salt water intrusion - Soil moisture - Soils - Water levels - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Coastal area - DRAINMOD - Layout - Simulation - Subsurface drainages
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.43e+01% to 8.63e+01%, Percentage 8.73e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m to 1.50e+00m, Size 1.20e+01m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 1.50e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 1.50e+01m to 2.00e+01m, Size 2.00e+01m, Size 3.70e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20173304046271
Title:Analysis of leakage and volumetric efficiency and seal improvement for double-stator swing hydraulic motor
Authors:Wen, Desheng (1); Shang, Xudong (1); Gu, Pan (1); Pan, Weiyuan (1); Shi, Zizhou (1); Zheng, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:74-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In view of the problem that the existing swing hydraulic motor can only output one torque and one rotation speed, a new type of double-stator swing hydraulic motor is put forward, which combines the structure of vane swing hydraulic motor and the thought of double-stator. This motor consists of a rotor, an inner-stator and an outer-stator to form 2 groups of motors in one case. This motor can achieve a variety of connections, such as inner motors working alone, outer motors working alone, inner and outer motors working together, and inner and outer motors working differentially, so this motor can realize multistage speed and multistage torque output through changing its connections. In order to accurately analyze the leakage and volumetric efficiency of the double-stator swing hydraulic motor, and to obtain some reasonable gap seal size and seal structure improvement proposals. Through the analysis of the internal structure of double-stator swing hydraulic motor, the geometric displacement calculation formulas of inner and outer motors are summed up and the main internal leakage paths are analyzed; the main internal leakage paths consist of end face clearance and radial clearance leakage. A general formula of the total leakage is obtained through establishing the flow's mathematical expression of every leakage path. The total leakage of this motor is not only related to its internal structure, but also related to the speed and pressure. The volumetric efficiency of this swing hydraulic motor in different connections is calculated theoretically. Every leakage of inner and outer motors is calculated theoretically, and the end face clearance leakage of motors is relatively bigger than the radial clearance leakage. The end face clearance leakage of outer motor accounts for 94% of the total leakage of outer motor, and the end face clearance leakage of inner motor accounts for 73% of the total leakage of inner motor. The maximum and average leakages of the double-stator swing hydraulic motor are calculated theoretically. When the travel time of this motor is 3 s, and the pressure of the ports is 10 MPa, the maximum theoretical volumetric efficiency of this motor is 96.58%, and the minimum theoretical volumetric efficiency is 66.83%. In view of the end face clearance leakage, a seal structure optimization program is put forward. It can improve the volumetric efficiency of this motor through adding the floating side panels at the both sides of this motor. The improved and unimproved prototypes of double-stator swing hydraulic motors are tested in the experimental platform, and the volumetric efficiency of the motor prototype in 4 different connections is tested. It turns out that with the increasing of differential pressure of the motor ports, the volumetric efficiency decreases, and the volumetric efficiency of this swing hydraulic motor in different connections is different; when the differential pressure of the ports is fixed, the volumetric efficiency of this motor in outer motor working alone is the highest, and the volumetric efficiency of this motor when inner and outer motors working in differential connection is the lowest. When the travel time of this motor is 3 s, and the pressure of the ports is 4 MPa, the volumetric efficiency of this motor in inner motor working alone is 88.81%, the volumetric efficiency of this motor in outer motor working alone is 92%, the volumetric efficiency of this motor in inner and outer motors working differentially is 86%, and the volumetric efficiency of this motor in inner and outer motors working together is 90.32%. The reason why the volumetric efficiency of this swing hydraulic motor is lower in differential working is that its leakage increases and the theoretical flow decreases in differential working. Because the processing accuracy of the experiment prototype is lower, there is a certain deviation between the experimental results and theoretical analysis, but they are basically the same. The improvement of the motor end seal can increase its volumetric efficiency by about 11%. This result can provide reference for the design and application of double-stator swing hydraulic motor. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Seals
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Hydraulic motors - Leakage (fluid) - Rotors - Stators - Structural optimization - Travel time
Uncontrolled terms:Design and application - Differential connection - Differential pressures - Displacement calculation - Experimental platform - Geometric displacement - Mathematical expressions - Volumetric efficiency
Classification code:431 Air Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 433 Railroad Transportation - 434 Waterway Transportation - 601.2 Machine Components - 619.1.1 Pipe Accessories - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 6.68e+01%, Percentage 7.30e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 8.88e+01%, Percentage 9.03e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.66e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+07Pa, Pressure 4.00e+06Pa, Time 3.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20173304046274
Title:Anti-collision warning time algorithm based on driving speed of vehicle
Authors:Liu, Qinghua (1, 2); Qiu, Xiulin (1); Xie, Limeng (1); Wang, Junhua (2); Fang, Shouen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai; 201804, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Shouen(fangsek@tongji.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:99-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that the warning threshold fixation of time-to-collision (TTC) algorithm causes prematurely warning at low speed and warning with a delay at high speed, this paper presents a safety time warning method of anti-collision based on vehicle driving speed. Firstly, vehicles can get the driving status information of themselves and others timely by on-board equipment. On-board equipment can get the information about latitude, longitude, speed and heading angle of the vehicle in real time. Then, according to the driving status information, vehicle coordinates information can be obtained by Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system established. After that, the possible collisions can be classified and processed. In reality, all vehicles are not required to carry out vehicle collision warning, so it can reduce vehicle collision processing and optimize the performance of the algorithm by classifying the possible collisions of vehicles, and it also can facilitate the use of different collision warning algorithms for different types. Mathematical model can be used to classify the possible collisions. Collision is divided into linear collision and side impact, and linear collision includes frontal and rear collision. For linear collision, the precondition of collision is that the lateral distance of the 2 vehicles is less than the width of vehicle. For the side impact, vehicles maintain current speed and direction, and according to the current state of vehicles, it can predict future vehicle running track, determine vehicle collision point and calculate vehicle collision time difference, and the collision time difference is used to determine the initial conditions of side impact. Next, the initial condition of vehicle collision is met, vehicle anti-collision safety time can be set based on vehicle driving speed, and then it will be compared with the time required for vehicle collision occurring for each vehicle. If the risk of collision exists, the application equipment displays warnings to remind drivers. The safety anti-collision time is the shortest time for drivers to take measures to avoid the danger. Response time of the driver is the time when the alarm signal is received, and response time of the braking system includes the reaction time of the braking system, the braking coordination time and the continuous braking time. Based on this, it is possible to get early warning of collision risk from the driver's reaction to braking reaction. Through the different vehicle speed, it can determine the different safety collision time, and through detecting vehicle speed changes, it can timely change vehicle anti-collision safety time threshold. Entire system can receive the vehicle status information through the on-board equipment in real time and continuously. When the precondition of linear collision and side collision is satisfied, the time needed for vehicle collision is calculated in real time, and then compared with the time threshold of safety warning. If there is a risk of collision, it will warn on the application device. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method. In the simulation experiment, compared with the general TTC fixed threshold method, this method reduces the false alarm rate by up to 9.04%, and decreases the missing alarm rate by 8.3%. In real vehicle test, experimental results show that the suitable early warning rate of this proposed method is 88.89%, and premature warning rate of general TTC fixed threshold method reached 81.48%, and late warning rate reached 70.37%. It can be concluded that the proposed method in this paper is more effective for vehicle hazard warning, more in line with the actual situation of the vehicle anti-collision, and improves the safety of vehicle driving. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Vehicles
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Alarm systems - Collision avoidance - Coordination reactions - Equipment - Response time (computer systems) - Safety engineering - Speed - Telecommunication traffic
Uncontrolled terms:Application equipments - Collision warning - On board equipments - Real vehicle tests - Rectangular coordinates - Status informations - Time to collision - Vehicle collisions
Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 901 Engineering Profession - 914 Safety Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.04e+01%, Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+00%, Percentage 8.89e+01%, Percentage 9.04e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20173304046293
Title:Characteristics and change of surface depression storage on sloping land with different tillage practices
Authors:Zhao, Longshan (1, 2); Hou, Rui (1); Wu, Faqi (2); Dai, Quanhou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (2) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:249-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Surface depression storage, which is enhanced by various tillage practices, is an important hydrological element in the sloping land. Because surface depression storage is related to overland flow production and soil infiltration capacity, therefore, it is also one of the important factors to influence soil and water losses in the sloping land. The objective of this study was to measure the changes in surface depression storages and to analyze the characteristics of surface depression storage in the sloping land with 3 tillage practices, i.e. shallow hoeing, deep hoeing and contour ploughing. These are tillage practices commonly occurring on the Loess Plateau of China. A smooth surface served as the control measure. The tillage practices were simulated in soil box with a length of 2 m, a width of 1 m and a depth of 0.5 m. A total of 5 slope gradients were used for rainfall application in this study. Soil surface roughness of sloping land was measured and calculated using a chain method. The rainfall application was conducted using a simulator with 4 spray nozzles. The nozzles were mounted on the position of 15 m above the ground. The rainfall intensity was 90 mm/h, and the rainfall duration was 60 min. In general, surface depression storage is quantified by the maximum depressional storage, which can be calculated using various empirical equations containing roughness indices or be estimated using digital techniques. In this study, surface depression storage was measured using a field measurement method. The results showed that surface depression storages in the sloping land with tillage practices were more than 4 times that on the smooth surfaces. For the different tillage practices, the surface depression storage differed and the order of surface depression storages was contour ploughing > deep hoeing > shallow hoeing > smooth surface. The surface depression storage decreased with the increasing cumulative rainfall. For examples, the surface depression storage decreased by 41%, 28% and 15% for contour ploughing, deep hoeing and shallow hoeing treatments respectively after a successional rainfall event of 90 mm compared to the initial values before the rain. Moreover, the slope steepness of the sloping land also affected the amount of depressional storage. Regression analysis showed that the changes in surface depression storage with the slope steepness of the sloping land could be described by a power function (R<sup>2</sup>> 0.70) for the shallow hoeing, deep hoeing, contour ploughing and smooth surface treatments. Once the slope steepness was more than 15°, the change rate of depression storage markedly decreased and then remained in a stable state, implying that slope had a critical role on the tilled surface. Beyond the critical slope steepness, the differences in change characteristics of depression storage between smooth surface and tilled surfaces declined fast. The changes in surface depression storage could be predicted by the ratio of soil surface roughness before and after rainfall. Overall, the surface depression is important characteristic in the sloping land. Tillage practices can increase the amount of water stored in surface depressions. However, both accumulated rainfall and slope gradient lead to the decrease of actual surface depression storage under some conditions. The results provide a mechanistic understanding on how tillage affects surface depression storage. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Surface roughness
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Erosion - Precipitation (chemical) - Precipitation (meteorology) - Rain - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Soil structure interactions - Soils - Spray nozzles
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated rainfall - Cumulative rainfall - Depression storages - Loess plateau of chinas - Simulated rainfall - Soil and water loss - Soil surface roughness - Surface depressions
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2 Foundations - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.50e+01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-02m, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20173304046285
Title:Remote sensing prediction of winter wheat grain protein content based on nitrogen nutrition index at anthesis stage
Authors:Qu, Sha (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Zhenhai (2, 3, 4); Qiu, Chunxia (1); Yang, Guijun (2, 3, 4); Song, Xiaoyu (2, 3, 4); Chen, Zhaoxia (2, 3, 4); Liu, Chang (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710054, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Song, Xiaoyu(songxy@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:186-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grain protein content (GPC) is an important quality index for wheat to meet a variety of needs of the commodity. Advanced site-specific knowledge of GPC would provide opportunities to the classification of wheat harvest and graded storage. Areas with higher GPC can be distinguished from the rest to maximize the price premium. Advanced knowledge of grain protein of the wheat may also provide opportunities to manipulate inputs to optimize outputs. In order to select an appropriate nitrogen nutrition index as an intermediate variable to improve the inversion accuracy of wheat GPC, in this study, the GPC predicting models at anthesis with vegetation index (VI)-nitrogen nutrition index (NNI)-GPC pattern were constructed and evaluated. The NNI included 4 nitrogen nutrition index, i.e. plant nitrogen accumulation (PNA), plant nitrogen content (PNC), leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC). In previous studies, only a single nitrogen nutrition index was used as the intermediate variable to construct GPC model, and it did not indicate which of the parameters could be utilized as the intermediate variable to obtain the best result. To improve the prediction model accuracy of GPC, we chose the optimal intermediate variable to retrieve the GPC of winter wheat in this study. Field experiments of 6 winter wheat cultivars in Beijing during the growing seasons of 2008-2011 and 2012-2015 were carried out for model building. Firstly, suitable vegetation indices were selected through analyzing the correlation between vegetation indices and nitrogen nutrition index to construct the model of VI-NNI by the support vector machines (SVM) algorithm and the optimal one was selected from the 4 nitrogen nutrition index. Secondly, the measured nitrogen nutrition index and winter wheat GPC were used to construct the NNI-GPC model, and another optimal one was obtained from the 4 nitrogen nutrition index. Thirdly, the 4 nitrogen nutrition index would be used as the intermediate variables to construct and evaluate VI-NNI-GPC prediction model of winter wheat, and we could get the optimal comprehensive model to retrieve GPC of winter wheat. We used modeling determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>), normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE) and normalized average error (NAE) to evaluate the accuracy of models. The results showed that: 1) The selected 5 vegetation indices, MSAVI (modified soil-adjusted vegetation index), PSRI (plant senescence reflectance index), DVI (difference vegetation index), RDVI (re-normalized difference vegetation index) and GNDVI (green normalized difference vegetation index), which were used to retrieve the 4 nutrition index, produced higher correlation than the other vegetation indices. 2) In the model of VI-NNI, the LNC estimated by SVM was relatively better with the R<sup>2</sup>of 0.820 in the modeling, and the nRMSE of 9.553% and the NAE of-1.4% in the validation. 3) The modeling precision and validation precision of PNC in constructed NNI-GPC model were relatively high, with the R<sup>2</sup>, nRMSE and NAE values of 0.653, 9.843% and-0.3%, respectively. 4) The 'VI-NNI-GPC' model with the PNC as the intermediate variable performed better than the other intermediate variables, with the R<sup>2</sup>of 0.631 in the modeling, and the nRMSE and NAE values of 8.564% and-0.9% in the validation, respectively. It demonstrates that it is feasible to use nitrogen nutrition index as intermediate variables to retrieve GPC by remote sensing, and using PNC as the intermediate parameter achieves more accurate prediction results. This study provides a reliable reference for the accurate prediction of GPC and has a broad range of potential applications. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Forecasting - Grain (agricultural product) - Mean square error - Models - Nitrogen - Nutrition - Proteins - Remote sensing - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Grain protein contents - Green normalized difference vegetation index - Leaf nitrogen content - Nitrogen nutrition - Normalized difference vegetation index - Root mean squared errors - Support vector machines algorithms - Winter wheat
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.56e+00%, Percentage 9.55e+00%, Percentage 9.84e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20173304046268
Title:Effect of extractions feed-quantity on airflow field in multi-ducts cleaning device
Authors:Li, Yang (1); Xu, Lizhang (1); Zhou, Ying (1); Si, Zengyong (1); Li, Yaoming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Lizhang(justxlz@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:48-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To study the effect of threshed mixture feed quantity of combine harvester threshing device on the cleaning device's airflow field, a multiple-duct cleaning test-bed was developed. This test-bed included variable feeding device, multiple-duct cleaning device, transmission device, frame and control cabinet. The test-bed could adjust threshed mixture's feed quantity, fan rotation speed, vibration sieve opening, wind-board dip angle and other parameters. Also, through controlling discharge outlet opening and electromagnetic feeder frequency, the feed quantity could change (1-4 kg/s). Moreover, the test-bed could automatically save the data and display the data on the computer screen. The test-bed was used for further study on the internal airflow field under various working conditions. In this study, 25 airflow velocity measuring points were arranged above and below the vibration sieve in the cleaning room. The feed quantity of non-material and 1-4 kg/s was tested by VS110 type hot-wire anemometers under rated conditions in which the fan speed was 1350 r/min, the vibration sieve opening was 22 mm, the dip angle of Wind-board I was 24°, and the dip angle of Wind-board Ⅱ was 20°. The traditional hot-wire anemometer was easy to be damaged by material impact, but the anemometer in this study could avoid the problem, and furthermore, its measuring accuracy was higher. In single test, 10 hot-wire anemometers were used to measure the airflow velocity and save the data. Test experiment showed that the airflow velocity of each measuring point decreased with the increasing of feed quantity of threshed mixture; in the non-material case, the airflow speed arrived maximum. With every 1 kg/s feed quantity that was increased, the airflow velocity decreased by 1.2%-16.4% at the top of the vibration sieve. The airflow velocity decreased by 1.4%-9.3% at measuring point under the vibration sieve. Especially in 4 kg/s feed quantity that was the maximum quantity, the airflow velocity above the tail of the vibration sieve was more attenuated, which decreased by 12.6%-30.7% compared with non-material. Under the same feed quantity, the airflow velocity at the transverse 1/3 and 2/3 position of the vibration sieve was larger than that at the 1/2 position, which was caused by the multiple-duct centrifugal fan structure. The airflow velocity of the front above the vibration sieve at longitudinal direction was smaller and the airflow velocity in the middle and posterior was larger and the airflow velocity picked up in the end of vibration sieve; for the front position above the vibration sieve was only affected by the upper air-duct, while the middle part was influenced by the lower air-duct of multiple-duct centrifugal fan, and the sieve surface tail was close to the exit of the machine and the cut area suddenly changed small to cause the airflow velocity rising. The research provides the basis for the design of multiple cleaning devices and the adjustment of parameters in the field experiment. In the actual harvest operation, when the crop feeding quantity increases, appropriately increasing the fan speed or reducing wind-board dip angle is necessary in order to enhance the air stripping and stratification ability, and it also can guarantee the cleaning quality and efficiency. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Air cleaners - Anemometers - Cleaning - Combines - Ducts - Equipment testing - Experiments - Fans - Feeding - Harvesters - Mixtures - Sieves - Velocity - Wire
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow fields - Cleaning devices - Combine harvesters - Harvest operations - Hot wire anemometers - Longitudinal direction - Measuring accuracy - Transmission devices
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 535.2 Metal Forming - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.00e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.00e+00kg/s to 4.00e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 4.00e+00kg/s, Percentage 1.20e+00% to 1.64e+01%, Percentage 1.26e+01% to 3.07e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+00% to 9.30e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.35e+03RPM, Size 2.20e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20173304046298
Title:Double-vector attitude determination algorithm improving coarse alignment accuracy of strapdown inertial navigation system for sea cucumber fishing device
Authors:Bao, Jianhua (1, 2, 3); Qiao, Xi (1, 3); Li, Daoliang (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou; 221116, China; (3) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Daoliang(dliangl@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:286-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Autonomous navigation is one of the key technologies for an intelligent agricultural equipment, which has been widely used in modern agricultural production. Sea cucumber production and consumption are very large in China. At present, the sea cucumber harvest mainly relies on trawl or artificial fishing, which will cause a potential hazard to the health of divers and the marine ecology. Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional sea cucumber fishing methods, it is necessary to develop a sea cucumber fishing device with autonomous navigation and positioning functions. Strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is suitable for the navigation of the autonomous sea cucumber fishing device because of its autonomy, passivity and complete navigation parameters. For the SINS, initial alignment must be completed before starting a navigation mission. The purpose of the initial alignment is to determine the initial position of the carrier coordinate system relative to the navigation coordinate system, that is, to determine the initial value of the attitude matrix. Initial alignment is one of the key technologies of SINS, which is divided into coarse alignment and fine alignment, and the coarse alignment accuracy will directly determine the performance of the initial alignment. Therefore, it is of practical value to study a coarse alignment scheme with simple algorithm and high alignment precision. The traditional analytical coarse alignment algorithm directly utilizes the earth gravity vector and the earth rotation angular velocity vector to estimate the initial attitude matrix. In view of the problem that the horizontal alignment accuracy of SINS is affected by the measurement errors of gyroscope and accelerometer in the traditional analytical coarse alignment algorithm, a novel coarse alignment algorithm based on double-vector attitude determination is proposed. In general, the measurement error of the accelerometer is much smaller than that of the gyroscope, so the earth gravity vector in the proposed algorithm is chosen as the main reference vector. Then, 3 unit orthogonal vectors are constructed based on the earth gravity vector and the earth rotation angular velocity vector, and the resulting attitude matrix is a unit orthogonal matrix. The theoretical analysis shows that horizontal misalignment angles of SINS are only related to the accelerometer level measurement errors in the case of using the proposed algorithm, however, using the conventional algorithm, the horizontal misalignment angles are related to the accelerometer measurement errors and the gyroscope drift error. Therefore, the coarse alignment accuracy of SINS using the aforementioned algorithm is significantly improved. Based on the same measured data from an inertial measurement unit, the simulation experiment was carried out for 30 times using the conventional coarse alignment algorithm and the proposed algorithm, respectively. Simulation curves demonstrated that the variation of the horizontal attitude angles using the algorithm proposed was smoother. To further verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the attitude angles calculated from the measured values of the inertial measurement unit were compared with the measured value of a high-precision three-dimensional electronic compass, and the experimental results showed that the horizontal error angles of the aforementioned coarse alignment algorithm did not exceed 1° and the azimuth error angle did not exceed 3°. The results can meet the accuracy requirement of coarse alignment and will provide an effective initial condition for the subsequent fine alignment using filtering methods. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Navigation systems
Controlled terms:Accelerometers - Agriculture - Air navigation - Algorithms - Alignment - Angular velocity - Attitude control - Errors - Fisheries - Gyroscopes - Inertial navigation systems - Matrix algebra - Measurement errors - Navigation - Units of measurement - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Attitude determination - Coarse alignments - Sea cucumber - Stationary base - Strapdown inertial navigation
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 921.1 Algebra - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20173304046279
Title:Risk assessment and optimization of water resources shortage based on water and land resources coupling
Authors:Jiang, Qiuxiang (1); Zhou, Zhimei (1); Wang, Zilong (1); Fu, Qiang (1); Wang, Tian (1); Zhao, Youzhu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zilong(wangzilong2017@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:136-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water resources risk assessment is a premise of protecting the development of industry and agriculture in Heilongjiang Province. Land resources combined with water resources affect the agricultural and industrial development. However, few studies have link both together in water resource studies. In this paper, we assessed water shortage risk and found the optimization paths of water resources based on coupling of water and land resources in Heilongjiang Province and its 13 prefecture-level cities. Four criteria layers with 17 indicators including water resources endowment, social economy, water utilization and water environment were established as a risk assessment index system of water shortage in the study area. Objective empowerment entropy method was used to determine the weight of each evaluation index in order to avoid the inaccuracy of subjective assumptions. The risk of water resources shortage evaluated by matter-element model was divided into 5 levels: Grade I (low risk), Grade II (lower risk), Grade III (medium risk), Grade IV (higher risk) and Grade V (high risk) grade. Then, the driving force of water shortage risk was analyzed by using the logarithmic mean Divisa index (LMDI) model, and the mean value of water consumption from 2010 to 2014 in Heilongjiang Province was adopted as the reference, and the difference between the water consumption of each criterion and the reference water consumption in 2010-2014 was calculated and summarized. Decomposition model of water utilization variation was constructed. Results showed that the comprehensive correlation degree of the total water shortage in Heilongjiang Province was 0.03, belonging to Grade III (medium risk). The risk of water shortage in the 13 prefecture-level cities showed great spatial differences, which was characterized as low risk in the north and south and high in the east and west of the Heilongjiang. The water shortage risk belonged to Grade V in the Daqing, Hegang, Jiamusi and Shuangyashan, Grade IV in the Qiqihar and Mudanjiang, Grade III in Suihua, Yichun and Harbin, Grade I in the Daxinganling and Heihe. The main influencing factors of the high risk of water shortage included water yielding coefficient, water investment per unit area for agriculture and forestry, water consumption per million RMB, per capita water requirement, irrigation rate of cultivated land and discharge rate of sewage treatment, which should be significantly considered in finding solutions to water shortage. The LMDI showed that the social economy and water utilization were the main factors influencing the grade of water shortage risk. Then, the coupling degree of the respective sub-elements of water and land resources was evaluated by the coupled coordination model, and it was concluded that the coupling degree of land and water resources in Heilongjiang Province was at the moderate level of antagonistic coupling, and the land resources development lagged behind slightly. Meanwhile, the lagging factors of these regions were analyzed from the aspects of social economy and water and land utilization. Based on the evaluation of water shortage risk, the analysis of driving factors and the coupling analysis of water and land resources, the double optimization path of water shortage with both economic orientation and resource orientation was selected. According to the specific problems of different risk areas, advices on specific solution were put forward to promote effective coupling of water and land resources and to find an effective way to alleviate water shortage. As the continuous development of economy and society, regional resource endowments and risk characteristics should be combined to formulate a scientific and rational scheme on water utilization. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Economics - Factorization - Forestry - Geographic information systems - Irrigation - Natural resources - Risk assessment - Sewage treatment - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Assessment index system - Continuous development - Industrial development - Land resources - Matter elements - Risk assessment and optimization - Risk characteristics - Water shortage risks
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20173304046267
Title:Design and experiment on pneumatic guide transplanting hand for potato tissue culture seedlings
Authors:Chu, Qi (1); Gu, Song (1, 2); Yang, Yi (1); Li, Bo (1); Lv, Yajun (1); Hu, Junsheng (1); Yang, Yanli (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Guangzhou Sky Mechanical & Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Song(sgu666@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:40-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Multi-hand parallel transplantation can effectively improve the efficiency of vaccination, but the majority of transplanting hands based on dimension-positioning are complex, which causes operation space of transplanting hand not enough when several transplanting hands are working at the same time. Meanwhile, the ability is poor for adapting individual differences of tissue culture seedlings, some tissue culture seedlings will be held unstably or be damaged by transplanting hand in the process of holding. Based on those issues, a tissue culture seedlings transplanting hand was designed in this research, which used a negative pressure air flow to complete the guidance and hold of potato tissue culture seedlings, to strengthen the adaptability for individual differences of tissue culture seedlings, to achieve flexible hold. The transplanting hand for tissue culture seedlings mainly consists of three parts, including the sucker, vacuum generating device, and negative pressure detection part. The sucker is the key part of transplanting hand, which decides the holding and guide effect of transplanting hand for tissue culture seedlings. In this paper, design and experiments were both mainly focused on the guide and control performance of sucker. The process that sucker holds a tissue culture seedling can be divided into three phases: guide and hold, stem section cutting, and stem section inserting. In guide and hold phase, the transplanting hand guide tissue culture seedlings of deviation from the holding position to mouth of sucker by negative pressure airflow. In stem section cutting phase and stem section inserting phase, transplantinged hands need to be stable to hold tissue culture seedlings, to ensure effect of stem section cutting and inserting. At the same time, sucker of transplanted hands should avoid tissue culture seedlings from damage. According to the above requirements of transplanting hand, first, the three-dimensional modeling was established based on work for sucker of transplanting hand and fluid simulation analysis was carried out based on Fluent software for shape of sucker of transplanting hand with guide wings. The shape of sucker of the transplanting hand was round tube with the outer diameter 5 mm, and inner diameter 4 mm, and the angle was set 90° for guide wings in the front of round tube, the distance was 10 mm between two guide wing vertex. In order to test the ability of accommodating tissue culture seedlings deviation by negative pressure air flow guide for transplanting hand, orthogonal experiment was carried out, the results showed that potato tissue culture seedlings of average diameter was 1.23 ± 0.21 mm, the radius of transplanting hand that guided tissue culture seedlings successfully was 4 mm when the vacuum of sucker was 8.6 × 10<sup>-3</sup>MPa. The process of vaccination should avoid the direction of transplanting hand movement and direction of tissue culture bending was vertical by adjusting three transplanting hand operation sequence in order to reduce the interference between the two. In order to test the hold performance of the transplanting hand, experiments of stem section cutting and stem section inserting were carried out under the condition of the vacuum of tube of 8.6×10<sup>-3</sup>MPa, the results showed that the straight speed of cutter was 0.03 m/s when the rotate speed of cutter of thickness was 0.3 mm and diameter was 45 mm is 7 r/s. When stem diameter of stem section of tissue culture seedlings was (0.7 ± 0.1), (1.1 ± 0.1), (1.5 ± 0.1) mm and the inserting speed was 0.01 m/s, the success rate of stem inserting was 100%. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Tissue
Controlled terms:Air - Air navigation - Automation - Computer software - Machinery - Mechanization - Tissue culture - Vaccines
Uncontrolled terms:Control performance - Individual Differences - Negative pressures - Orthogonal experiment - Potato tissue culture seedlings - Seedlings transplanting - Three-dimensional model - Transplanting hand
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 601 Mechanical Design - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-04m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 4.50e-02m, Size 5.00e-03m, Velocity 1.00e-02m/s, Velocity 3.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20173304046280
Title:Water-heat-salt effects of mulched drip irrigation maize with different irrigation scheduling in Hetao Irrigation District
Authors:Sun, Guanfang (1, 2); Qu, Zhongyi (1); Du, Bin (3); Ren, Zhongsheng (1); Liu, Anqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (3) Ningxia Institute of Water Resources Research, Yinchuan; 750000, China
Corresponding author:Qu, Zhongyi(quzhongyi@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:144-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Along with the development of Northwest Water-saving and Benefit-increasing strategy in China, mulched drip irrigation is booming in Hetao Irrigation District because of its advantage in water saving and high production. However, soil salinization has been a potential risk factor in arid area, thus enough attention should be drawn in the management of soil salt. This research studied the influence of different mulched drip irrigation schedules (lower irrigation limits were -10, -20, -30 and -40 kPa, respectively) on water and salt profile distribution characteristics, soil temperature, maize production and quality. Moreover, the salt-leaching irrigation in non-crop growth period (i.e., autumn irrigation, which is a traditional irrigation custom in Hetao Irrigation District after crop was harvested in autumn to leach salt and store the water in soil for the next year) had also been investigated. The experiment was carried out in the year of 2014-2015. The irrigation quota for each treatment was 518.0, 444.7, 368.3 and 268.3 mm, respectively. The leaching irrigation amount was 180 mm. The soil samples were collected for moisture, salinity measurements. Soil temperature was also sequentially measured during the experiment. After harvest, the maize yield and quality were determined. The results showed that the distributions of soil water and salt profiles were uneven under different mulched drip irrigation schedules. Soil salt migrated from the central mulching soil to the bare field, tending to accumulate in surface soil layer outside the film during the mulched drip irrigation. Soil temperature was influenced by air temperature, leaf area index, irrigation practice and soil moisture comprehensively. Soil temperature dropped sharply after irrigation practice, and recovered 2-3 days later. The optimum accumulated soil temperature for the nutritive growth period of maize was -30 kPa. Salt accumulation at the depth of 0-40 cm inside the film in maize growth period was little for almost all the treatments. The treatment of -10 kPa could leach 0-100 cm soil salinity effectively, while influence of the other treatments on the 0-100 cm soil salt was not obvious in the short term, and long-term observation to study impact of different drip irrigation lower limit on soil salt is needed. The effect of salt-leaching irrigation with 180 mm Yellow River water in non-crop growth period was remarkable, and the soil salinity decreased by 10.86%-26.14% on average, resulting in a relatively uniform salt profile at 0-100 cm. A combination of irrigation schedule for water-saving and leaching irrigation in the non-crop growth period for salt-controlling was helpful to control the salt accumulation. The maize yield was highest in the treatment of -20 and -30 kPa. The yield was 16 511 and 14 964.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The quality of maize was similar for all the treatments. Considering soil moisture, temperature, salinity and maize yield, we suggested that the limit of soil suction to trigger irrigation was -30 kPa. However, due to the impacts of the frost-freeze phenomenon and particular hydrogeological condition in Hetao Irrigation District, the detailed leaching irrigation schedule to control soil salt induced by mulched drip irrigation need further investigation in the future. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Crops - Film growth - Hydrogeology - Irrigation - Leaching - Moisture - Salinity measurement - Soil moisture - Soils - Temperature - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Hetao irrigation districts - Hydrogeological conditions - Irrigation scheduling - Long term observations - Mulched drip irrigations - Salinity - Salt leaching - Traditional irrigation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-03yr to 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.09e+01% to 2.61e+01%, Pressure -1.00e+04Pa, Pressure -3.00e+04Pa, Pressure -4.00e+04Pa, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.80e-01m, Size 2.68e-01m, Size 3.68e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20173304046263
Title:Decomposition of impacting factors of animal husbandry carbon emissions change and its spatial differences in China
Authors:Yao, Chengsheng (1, 2); Qian, Shuangshuang (2, 3); Mao, Yuehua (2, 3); Li, Zhengtong (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Central China Economic Development Research, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330047, China; (2) School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China; (3) Econometric Research Institutions, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:10-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions account for 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions of all human activities, and have become one of the most important contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions increase. Using life cycle assessment (LCA) method, animal husbandry carbon emissions in the 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China from 2000 to 2014 have been comprehensively measured. Based on logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, the changes of animal husbandry carbon emissions were decomposed into the contributions from 5 factors, including animal husbandry production efficiency, agricultural structure adjustment, agricultural productivity gains per agricultural labor, urbanization and total population growth. Using the data of animal husbandry carbon emissions measured by LCA, the driving effects of the 5 factors on animal husbandry carbon emissions change were measured from the spatial and temporal perspective. The results showed: 1) Total amount of animal husbandry carbon emissions in China increased from 137.423 million tons to 150.563 million tons from 2000 to 2014, and its average annual growth rate was 0.654%, of which the carbon emissions from gastrointestinal fermentation of livestock and manure management systems were the 2 key sources, accounting for 65.58%- 73.23% of the total amount of animal husbandry carbon emissions. 2) No matter from spatial or temporal perspective, animal husbandry production efficiency improvement was the most important factor to restrain the sustained growth of the animal husbandry carbon emissions; the increase of agricultural productivity gains per agricultural labor was the most important factor to promote the sustained growth of the animal husbandry carbon emissions, which was particularly outstanding in prairie pasturing areas and pasturing areas in major grain producing areas, however, the effect of the increase of agricultural productivity gains per agricultural labor on animal husbandry carbon emission growth was limited in developed areas. Population growth was another important factor to promote the growth of the animal husbandry carbon emissions, especially to the developed areas with massive population influx and the ethnic minority areas in most western part of China. 3) The increase of urbanization level ranked the second to restrain animal husbandry carbon emissions from 2000 to 2014, while the effect of agricultural structure adjustment on animal husbandry carbon emissions changed from positive to negative, and this characteristic was particularly obvious in eastern-central China with higher animal husbandry efficiency. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Animals - Efficiency - Emission control - Fertilizers - Gas emissions - Grain growth - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouse gases - Life cycle - Manures - Population statistics - Productivity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productivity - Animal husbandry - Average annual growth rates - Divisia index - Driving effect - Manure management system - Production efficiency - Spatial differentiation
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.1 Production Engineering - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 6.54e-01%, Percentage 6.56e+01% to 7.32e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20173304046297
Title:Multifunction compartmentalization of rural settlement land use and its peasant household utilization difference evaluation
Authors:Zhang, Lie (1, 2, 3); Wang, Cheng (1, 2); Du, Xiangzuo (4); Wang, Zhongshu (1, 2); Deng, Chun (1, 2); Li, Haoying (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) The Laborotary of Research on Rural Human Settlememt, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang; 641100, China; (4) Neijiang Urban and Rural Planning Bureau, Neijiang; 641000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Cheng(wchorange@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:278-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Affected by livelihood diversification of peasant households and urban culture, the interior land use division of rural settlements is even more significant and presents multifunction. Therefore, the study on the multifunction of land use in rural settlements and the different characteristics of individual utilization will not only be beneficial to the objective calculation of the asset value of land use in rural settlements, but also provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of the interior structure of the new peasant houses. Taking 1 923 rural settlements in Yanba Village, Jiangjin District, Chongqing City as the research object, on the basis of the classification of rural residential land types, together with the differences of social and economic factors in different land types, this study differentiates the multifunction of land use in rural settlements, establishes corresponding relations between the rural residential land types and the multifunction of land use in rural settlements, and thus realizes the multifunction compartmentalization of land use in rural settlements. Then, based on this, combined with the characteristics of social and economic factors the peasant households show in the process of land use in the rural settlements, this study constructs the multifunction evaluation index system with the indicators selected from 4 aspects, the residential function, the agricultural production function, the non-agricultural production function and the service function. Hence, we measure the dominant function of land use in rural settlements, and then analyze its difference among peasant households with diverse livelihood types. The results are as follows: According to the secondary classification system, the land use in rural settlements can be divided into 4 categories of the first level including residential land, agricultural land, non-agricultural production land, and affiliated land, and 11 categories of the second level such as family hall land, breeding house land, and courtyard land. There are significant differences in the dominant function of rural settlements' land use among peasant households of different livelihood types. The rural settlement land use of peasant households of the agricultural specialized development type is dominated by agricultural production function (dominance reaches 1.987 8), while the dominant function of land use for peasant households of the part-time agricultural development type is not obvious, and shows equilibrium. And for diverse agricultural production development type, diverse non-agricultural production development type, and non-agricultural specialization development type, the land use is respectively dominated by service function (dominance of 1.873 0), residential function (dominance of 1.569 2) and non-agricultural production function (dominance of 2.387 9). As the livelihood of peasant households is compatible with the domain function of rural settlement land use, in the construction of new peasant houses, different land use patterns of rural settlements should be designed according to the livelihoods of different types of peasant household. For instance, new peasant houses construction for peasant households that belong to the agricultural specialization development type, should fully take their demand for land production function into account. Under this kind of consideration, their new peasant houses construction is supposed to be designed as a combination pattern of "residential land-agricultural storage land-courtyard land". Meanwhile, new peasant houses construction for peasant households that belong to the non-agricultural specialized development type, should comply with the combination pattern of "residential land-operating land of commerce and service", which emphasizes its non-agricultural production function. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Classification (of information) - Economic analysis - Economics - Function evaluation - Houses - Housing - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Agricultural productions - Classification system - Corresponding relations - Evaluation index system - Multifunction - Peasant households - Rural settlement
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20173304046287
Title:Adaptive threshold segmentation for cotton canopy image in complex background based on logistic regression algorithm
Authors:Liu, Libo (1); Cheng, Xiaolong (1); Dai, Jianguo (2); Lai, Junchen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) Bureau of Agriculture of Wujiaqu Municipality, Wujiaqu; 831300, China
Corresponding author:Lai, Junchen(ljc-hm@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:201-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cotton canopy coverage is an important index for monitoring cotton growing in field. It is easy but not accurate to calculate, because it is difficult to accurately segment the cotton canopy in the complex environment image of cotton field. This paper presents an adaptive threshold segmentation approach of cotton canopy image based on logistic algorithm in order to improve the segmentation precision and robustness for cotton canopy image. Firstly, the cotton canopy image is transformed into HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space. This color space is designed by human color description. In this color space, the color feature of the pixel can be expressed by 3 independent components i.e. H, S and V. In this paper, the logistic regression algorithm is used to compute threshold used in image segmentation. The logistic regression algorithm is often used in 2 kinds of classification problem, so our method need an artificially defined variable. This variable and a single color feature variable can form a dataset as the input of logical regression algorithm to calculate the segmentation threshold. In our paper, the proposed artificially defined variable is set to a specific value that is 1, the effect of which is to reduce the impact for computed segmentation threshold. The cotton canopy image's pixel is divided into 2 classes: target and background. The H channel feature of 2 classes can be extracted in HSV color space, and the green ratio (G/(R+G+B)) of 2 classes can be extracted in RGB (red, green, blue) color space. Those features' thresholds are computed by logistic regression algorithm. H channel thresholds are used to achieve the first segmentation. Secondly, the first segmentation result is divided to highlight pixels and low pixels. The highlight pixels mainly include light canopy and light soil, and the low pixels mainly include shadow canopy and shadow soil. However, it is difficult to segment cotton canopy in the low pixels. In order to solve this problem, extra-green (Exg) color feature is used as segmentation feature to get cotton canopy in the low pixels. Thirdly, the highlight pixels in the first segmentation result and the low pixels segmented by Exg threshold are segmented by green ratio threshold. This segmentation is called the second segmentation. At last, the segmentation result of cotton canopy is acquired by morphology repair operation, and it ensures the integrity of the canopy region and the independent noise removal. In order to verify the effect of the method proposed in this paper, 320 test images were captured from the cotton producing areas in Xinjiang, China from April to July 2016. The acquisition was often on sunny day, aiming at obtaining images under different lighting conditions, different positions in cotton field, and different cotton growth periods. These images were collected by the Canon EOS5D digital camera with 6 912×3 416 pixels, and zoomed into 1 728×1 152 pixels to improve segmentation effect. This algorithm programming development environment is Python 2.7, and OpenCV 2.4.9. The experimental results show that the average relative object area error (RAE) by our method is only 5.46%, the Exg feature OTSU method 11.78%, the four-component segmentation method 24.11%, and the saliency segmentation method 36.92%. The overall average matching rate by our method is 93.07%, the Exg feature OTSU method 76.43%, the four-component segmentation method 71.67%, and the saliency segmentation method 66.92%. The average processing time of this paper proposed method was 4.63 s, which was much more time-consuming than the super-green characteristic OTSU method (3.84 s) and the four-component segmentation method (2.56 s), but this time less than that of the segmentation method (6.25 s). Therefore the proposed method in our paper has better performance than other methods in cotton canopy segmentation task, and is effective to segment the cotton canopy in the complicated background and different cotton growth periods. The proposed method can provide certain basis for implementation of cotton growth condition automatic monitoring. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Cotton - Cultivation - Image segmentation - Pixels - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive threshold segmentation - Adaptive thresholds - Independent components - Logistic regression algorithms - Logistic regressions - Programming development environment - Segmentation precision - Segmentation threshold
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.69e+01%, Percentage 5.46e+00%, Percentage 6.69e+01%, Percentage 7.17e+01%, Percentage 7.64e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Time 2.56e+00s, Time 3.84e+00s, Time 4.63e+00s, Time 6.25e+00s, Percentage 1.18e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20173304046295
Title:Dynamic response relationship between urbanization and cultivated land use intensification in Anhui province
Authors:Wu, Hong (1); Zhang, Xiaoling (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui Technical College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhu; 241002, China; (2) China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing; 100035, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:262-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Land use issue under the background of new-type urbanization has attracted serious attention in the land management discipline. The research is focusing on analyzing the dynamic relationship between the urbanization and the intensification use of cultivated land and promoting the coordinated development of new-type urbanization and agricultural modernization. Firstly, the research established a theoretic framework of dynamic response relationship between urbanization and cultivated land use intensification based on Anhui Province, which is a traditional agriculture area. The research built up a vector autoregression (VAR) model with the data from 1998 to 2014 in terms of social economic development and land use. And the co-integration relationship between urbanization and cultivated land use intensification is verified by taking impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis, and finally the dynamic response relationship of urbanization and intensification of cultivated land use is elaborated. The results show that: First, the multiple cropping index has significant response to the impact of urban population proportion, in both positive and negative aspects, and the contribution rate is 14.4%. It has negative response to the secondary and tertiary industry proportion and the transformation of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, and the response effect has a volatility change in time series that increases in the early stage and declines later. The contribution rate is 10.4% and 15.6% accordingly. Second, the intensity of chemical fertilizer use has a positive response to the impact of urban population proportion and a contribution rate of 12.1%. However, the intensity of chemical fertilizer use has both positive and negative response to the secondary and tertiary industry proportion, and the intensity rises and then decreases and the construal level is 1.2%. Regarding the transformation of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, the response is negative and the response is going up in the early stage and then keeps stable and the contribution rate is 22.3%. Third, the total power of agricultural machinery shows a positive response to urban population proportion with a trend of increasing first and remaining stable later on. The contribution rate is 20.3%. However, the construal level is 2.4% with a negative response to the secondary and tertiary industry proportion. It has a negative impact on the transformation of agricultural land to non-agricultural land and the contribution rate is 66.3%. In general, the level of urbanization and the intensive use of cultivated land have very obvious inter-influence for each other. The outcome of this research shows the improvement of urbanization level actively promotes the intensive use of cultivated land to some extent. However, the inter-influence between them is not a simple linear relation, if the urbanization process was too fast; it would go against the concept of sustainable intensive use of cultivated land, and even lead to the extensive use of cultivated land. The outcome of the research shows that the intensive use of cultivated land has an impact on urbanization, whereas, the impact is relatively low, which indicates that the improvement of intensive use of cultivated land can facilitate the urbanization development to some extent. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Consolidation - Dynamic response - Economics - Fertilizers - Impulse response - Models - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Cultivated lands - Impulse response analysis - Impulse response functions - Multiple cropping index - Non-agricultural lands - Urbanization - Vector autoregression models
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.21e+01%, Percentage 1.44e+01%, Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 2.23e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+00%, Percentage 6.63e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20173304046291
Title:Inversion of heavy metals content with hyperspectral reflectance in soil of well-facilitied capital farmland construction areas
Authors:Zhang, Qiuxia (1); Zhang, Hebing (1); Liu, Wenkai (1, 2); Zhao, Suxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (2) School of Resources and Evironment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hebing(jzitzhb@hpu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:230-239
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hyperspectral reflectance provides an alternative method to soil's physical and chemical analysis in laboratory for the estimation of soil properties in large range. In order to achieve rapid measurement of the soil heavy metal content in well-facilitied capital farmland construction areas, 154 soil samples at 0-30 cm depth were collected as research objects, which were from well-facilitied capital farmland construction areas in Xinzheng City, Henan Province. The raw hyperspectral reflectance of soil samples was measured by the standard procedure with a spectrometer of ASD Field Spec3 equipped with a high intensity contact probe under the laboratory conditions. Meanwhile, the contents of Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb in these soil samples were analyzed. The 116 samples were used for building hyperspectral estimation models and the other 38 samples were used for model validation. In the next, the raw spectral reflectance of 400-2400 nm after multiplicative scatter correction and Savitzky-Golay was transformed to 2 spectral indices, i.e. first order differential reflectance(FDR) and second order differential reflectance(SDR). The correlation coefficient between the 3 kinds of spectral indices and Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb content was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Then, the correlation coefficients (P<0.01) of the 3 spectral indices were got in significant test, which could be used to extract significant bands. At last, we used partial least squares regression (PLSR) method to build quantitative inversion models of soil heavy metal content based on significant bands for this study area, respectively. The prediction accuracies of these models were assessed by comparing determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>), root mean squared error (RMSE) and relative percent deviation (RPD) between the prediction and validation values. Based on these, the optimal models were selected. The spatial distribution map of Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb content was made by geographical interpolation. The results showed that, conducting the first order differential reflectance and second order differential reflectance transformation on raw soil spectral data, could highlight the hidden spectral reflectivity characteristics effectively. Among all of the 3 spectral indices based on PLSR model, the model of second order differential reflectance about Cr could obtain more robust prediction accuracies, its values of R<sup>2</sup>was 0.88, its values of RPD was 1.68; the model of the raw spectral reflectance (R) of 400-2 400 nm after multiplicative scatter correction(MSC)and Savitzky-Golay(SG)about Cd, Zn and Cu could obtain more robust prediction accuracies, their values of R<sup>2</sup>were 0.70, 0.88 and 0.99, their values of RPD were 1.50, 2.05 and 3.36 respectively; Pb could obtain more robust prediction accuracies, their values of R<sup>2</sup>was 0.93, its values of RPD was 3.16. The optimum model of soil heavy metal was used to interpolate the soil heavy metal content; the content of Zn was in accordance with the standard of soil environmental quality, and the contents of Cr, Cd, Cu and Pb met the soil environmental quality standard II, but the contents in some well-facilitied capital farmland construction areas were more than the soil background value. This study provides a reference for the real-time monitoring of soil basic information in well-facilitied capital farmland construction areas by hyperspectral inversion model. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Copper
Controlled terms:Cadmium - Chemical analysis - Correlation methods - Farms - Forecasting - Heavy metals - Lead - Least squares approximations - Light scattering - Mean square error - Metadata - Metal analysis - Principal component analysis - Reflection - Soil surveys - Soil testing - Soils - Spectrum analysis - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental quality standards - HyperSpectral - Inversion - Multiplicative scatter correction - Partial least square regression - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Pearson correlation analysis - Physical and chemical analysis
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 544.1 Copper - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-07m to 2.40e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20173304046276
Title:Hydraulic performance experiment of lateral pipe jet-pulse tee
Authors:Wang, Xinkun (1); Xiao, Siqiang (1); Fan, Erdong (1); Xu, Shengrong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:116-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Previous studies show that pulse drip irrigation can work under low pressure, and has the characteristics of good anti-clogging performance and high irrigation uniformity. In this paper, the hydraulic performance experiment of the lateral pipe jet-pulse tee was studied. Furthermore, the design method of the lateral pipe jet-pulse tee was put forward, an experiment was carried out in the laboratory: 6 sets of different lengths of lateral pipe were installed at the 2 outlet ends of jet-pulse tee, the length of unilateral capillary laying was 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 m respectively, and the lateral pipe length linking with 2 outlet were same; in addition, the hydraulic characteristics of 6 groups of capillary tubes with different lengths were tested under 5 different inlet pressure conditions, which were 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 m waterhead respectively in each group. Hydraulic characteristics were measured by a turbine flowmeter and a pressure gauge, including the inlet pressure, the inlet discharge, and the maximum and minimum of the outlet head. The head loss, the irrigation uniformity coefficient and deviation ratio of flow rate were calculated. And the irrigation uniformity coefficient was calculated using the Christiensen formula, the deviation rate of flow rate was the ratio of the difference between the maximum and the minimum flow of emitter and the average flow rate of the dripper. The results showed that continuous and strong pulsed water flow could be observed under 5-12 m inlet head in the lateral pipe, pulse frequency stabilized 203-278 Hz, head amplitude 2.27-4.73 m, irrigation uniformity coefficient 96.58%-98.33%, and deviation ratio of flow rate 12.50%-19.88%. The pulse frequency was much higher than the low frequency generator with a frequency of 100 Hz or less controlled by the electronic device. The nonlinear equation describing the pulsed hydraulic performance and head loss of jet-pulse tee was established, and the nonlinear equation of the pulse performance and the irrigation uniformity coefficient was established too. The fitting degrees of the equations were above 0.96. The calculated results were verified by experimental data, the relative error were less than 1.5%, indicating that the nonlinear equations could well reflect the variation of the hydraulic performance and the head loss and the irrigation uniformity coefficient. On the basis of this, the author put forward the steps of calculating the inlet pressure of jet-pulse tee. The uniform coefficients of irrigation, based on the head amplitude and pulse frequency, were 98.13% and 98%, respectively, the absolute error was only 0.13%. The inlet pressure of jet-pulse tee could be easily determined for crops with different water requirement, and the uniform coefficient of irrigation could be predicted. The results would promote the further development of drip irrigation system, and provided the calculation method and theoretical basis for the research of lateral pipe jet-pulse tee and drip irrigation pulse development platform. In the future research, it is also necessary to carry out field experiment of pulse drip irrigation system based on jet-pulse tee, observe the distribution of pressure, flow and pulse performance in pipeline, and put forward the hydraulic design method of pulse drip irrigation system and further evaluate irrigation uniformity and anti-clogging ability. In a word, this paper only studies the pulse capillary, the irrigation uniformity of pulse branch and pulse irrigation area will be studied deeply in the future, which not only extends the drip irrigation equipment, but also is an effective way to establish high-performance drip irrigation systems. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Design - Flow of water - Flow rate - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic motors - Nonlinear equations - Ordinary differential equations - Pressure
Uncontrolled terms:Development platform - Drip irrigation - Drip irrigation systems - Hydraulic characteristic - Hydraulic performance - Hydraulic performance experiments - Irrigation uniformity - Turbine flowmeters
Classification code:631 Fluid Flow - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.2 Calculus - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+02Hz, Frequency 2.03e+02Hz to 2.78e+02Hz, Percentage 1.25e+01% to 1.99e+01%, Percentage 1.30e-01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 9.66e+01% to 9.83e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.81e+01%, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.20e+01m, Size 2.27e+00m to 4.73e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m to 1.20e+01m, Size 7.00e+01m, Size 8.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20173304046300
Title:Spray chilling with different frequency period for reducing weight loss and improving surface color of pig carcass
Authors:Zhang, Nan (1, 2); Lu, Zhongshan (1); Chen, Yulun (1); Sun, Chenyang (1); Li, Chunbao (1); Zhou, Guanghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) Jiangsu Food Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing; 210031, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Guanghong(ghzhou@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:301-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The evaporation of moisture on the surface of pig carcass results in its weight loss during the cooling process, which leads to great economic loss to the enterprises. The purpose of this study was to solve the problems that the water loss rate of pig carcasses is high within 24 h for high body temperature in early stage, and the traditional operation of spray chilling needs more time, as well as the effects of spray chilling on meat color of pig carcass are lacked in the existing related articles. The spray chilling technique of high frequency at early stage and later low frequency was used, the effects of spray parameters on water loss rate, L* value and a value of pig carcasses were discussed, and the linear regression equation of water loss rate with the spray parameters was established as well. The results showed that, the order of importance of the spray parameters which affected the water loss rate from high to low was total time of spray chilling with high frequency, interval time of high frequency spray period, interval time of low frequency spray period, single spray time, and total time of spray chilling with low frequency; the total time of spray chilling with high frequency had extremely significant effect on the water loss rate (P<0.01), and the single spray time, interval time of high frequency spray period and interval time of low frequency spray period had significant effect on the water loss rate (P<0.05); the order of importance of the spray parameters which affected the L* value from high to low was total time of spray chilling with high frequency, interval time of low frequency spray period, interval time of high frequency spray period, total time of spray chilling with low frequency, and single spray time, and that affecting the a value was total time of spray chilling with high frequency, interval time of high frequency spray period, interval time of low frequency spray period, single spray time, and total time of spray chilling with low frequency. Total time of spray chilling with high frequency had extremely significant effect on L* value (P<0.01) and significant effect on a value(P<0.05), while other parameters had no significant effect on L* value (except interval time of low frequency spray period) and a value. The linear regression equation of water loss rate with the spray parameters was established. According to the equation, on the condition that the total time of spray chilling with high frequency was 2 h, the single spray time was 10-20 s, the interval time of high frequency spray period was 5-9 min, the total time of spray chilling with low frequency was 4 h or even shorter, and the interval time of low frequency spray period was 30-50 min, the water loss rate within 24 h was 1%, the L* value was 72-78, and the a value was-0.5-3, which not only met the demand of cutting down the water loss rate, but also could get a better meat color of pig carcass; the total time of spray chilling of 1-5 h could be saved compared with the traditional technique. This research can provide a reference for the selection of spray chilling method and parameters. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Mammals
Controlled terms:Chilling - Color - Losses - Optimization - Spraying
Uncontrolled terms:Body temperature - Different frequency - High frequency HF - Linear regression equation - Pig carcass - Spray parameters - Traditional techniques - Water loss rates
Classification code:644 Refrigeration and Cryogenics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Time 1.00e+01s to 2.00e+01s, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 1.80e+03s to 3.00e+03s, Time 3.00e+02s to 5.40e+02s, Time 3.60e+03s to 1.80e+04s, Time 7.20e+03s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20173304046288
Title:Manure nutrient management mode in typical mixed crop-dairy farm
Authors:Jia, Wei (1); Zhu, Zhiping (1); Chen, Yongxing (1); Dong, Hongmin (1); Tao, Xiuping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures (MOA), Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Hongmin(Donghongmin@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:209-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Intensive dairy farms have developed rapidly in China over the last three decades, which have produced a lot of manure nutrients. However, due to the decoupling of crop-animal systems and poor manure management, large loss of nutrients from manure has led to serious environmental pollution. There is an urgent need to define an integrated manure management plan, which requires a quantitative understanding of nutrient balance and budget in a mixed crop-animal system. In this study, we reported a typical manure processing model so called "solid-liquid separation-compost+oxidation pond-manure application" from a dairy farm, and developed a comprehensive manure nutrient management plan using the data collection from farm investigation, soil, solid and liquid manure sampling and parameters collection from literatures. The results showed that dairy excretion N and P were 204 and 33 t/a with the breeding stock number of 2 978 dairy cattle, respectively. After manure collection and processing, the N and P amounts of manure nutrients were 126 and 27 t/a, which could be available for crop use. Manure management of lactating dairy cattle and young dairy cattle were different, therefore the amount of their manure nutrients supply were quantified, respectively. The collection rate of manure N and P nutrient was 131 and 23 t/a in the lactating dairy cattle house, respectively. The manure from flood flushing system was treated by solid-liquid separation; therein the solid part of manure after solid-liquid separation could be composted as organic fertilizer applied to the field. At the same time, the liquid part could be treated by the oxidation pond as liquid manure to be returned to the field. The rate of manure N and P nutrient from lactating dairy cattle house was eventually 107 and 22 t/a, respectively. The young dairy cattle was mainly raised outdoor. Most of urine would be leaked and evaporated on the non-concrete ground, and the solid feces were collected regularly on a dry manure basis. Therefore, the amounts of solid manure N and P nutrient collected from young dairy cattle were 23 and 5 t/a, respectively. Finally, the amounts of N and P nutrient from young dairy cattle's solid manure composted were 19 and 5 t/a, respectively. Based on crop nutrient requirements and soil nutrient supply, considering the ratio of manure to inorganic fertilizer (50%) and current manure nutrient use efficiency (30%), the amounts of manure N and P that could be applied to arable land were 727.6 and 131.2 t/a with the land area of 1 473 hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, which were greater than the amounts of available manure nutrients from the dairy farm under different N and P indices. Among them, total application rates of manure N and P nutrient for silage corn, grain corn, alfalfa, and apricot were 287 and 61.1, 213.8 and 22.2, and 226.0 and 47.7, 0.8 and 0.2 t/a, separately. Therefore, the land carrying capacity of manure N and P nutrient is sufficient in this typical mixed crop-dairy farm. Manure application management plan in the mixed crop-dairy farm shows that, 19 000 and 14 000 t organic fertilizer can be applied to the farmland, and 100% of organic fertilizer produced from dairy farms can be eliminated based on N and P application rules. A total of 1.40 and 2.53 million m<sup>3</sup>waste water can be used as fertilizer in the dairy farm, which is 5.6 and 9.8 times the current amount of waste water based on N and P application rules, respectively. The implementation of comprehensive manure nutrient management plan can make full use of manure nutrient resources for crop growth and reduce the direct discharge of manure nutrient to the environment, thus ensuring long-term sustainable production in the mixed crop-dairy farms. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Animals - Budget control - Composting - Crops - Environmental management - Farms - Forestry - Lakes - Liquids - Manures - Nutrients - Separation - Sewage lagoons - Sewage treatment plants - Slurries - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Crop nutrients - Environmental pollutions - Inorganic fertilizers - Manure applications - Manure nutrients - Organic fertilizers - Solid liquid separation - Sustainable production
Classification code:452.2 Sewage Treatment - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20173304046301
Title:Estimation method of pig lean meat percentage based on image of pig shape characteristics
Authors:Zhang, Meng (1, 2); Zhong, Nan (1); Liu, Yingying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China
Corresponding author:Zhong, Nan(zhongnan@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lean meat percentage (LMP) is an important indicator of pig quality, playing an important role in pig breeding and sale. At present, methods for detection of LMP are mostly destructive, i.e., by way of segmentation, weighing and calculation. However, advanced ultrasound equipment is expensive, and most individual farmers are unable to afford the cost. For slaughtering and food processing industries, it is very necessary to develop a rapid nondestructive LMP detection method. In this study, machine vision technology was applied to estimate LMP through external physical characteristics of pigs, so as to provide decision-making basis of pigs' quality for breeders and buyers. Therefore, technology should have a capacity of processing a large amount of vision information and high detection speed, and use a nondestructive detection method capable of acquiring global indexes. With MATLAB as a development tool, in this study, we realized the software interface through the Graphical User Interface (GUI), and selected the side image and back image of pigs as research objects. Different focal lengths and object distances would result in different ratio scales of images. To avoid these factors, ratios of parameters were selected rather than specific length, area and so on. Firstly, 116 sets of measured data were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the ratio of chest depth to body height, the ratio of hip width to body length, the ratio of hip width to waist width and the ratio of abdomen length to body length had certain relations with the LMP. Secondly, with 100 sets of measured data as training samples and remaining 16 sets of measured data as test samples, a prediction model based on radial basis function(RBF) neural network was built. The results showed that the average error of the test samples was 0.31%, and the maximum and minimum errors were respectively 0.47% and 0.07%. The precision and rate of the network all fulfilled the requirement. Then, seven groups of pig images were photographed, and after image gray processing and preprocessing by a series of weighted formulas, binaryzation by Otsu method, and secondary image denoising by morphological operations, and outline shapes were extracted. Based on Harris algorithm and inherent external physical characteristics of living pigs, we extract body length, body height, chest depth, abdomen length, hip width, waist width and other characteristic parameters. Finally, the calculated parameters were used as the input in the model to obtain corresponding LMP values which were compared with the measured data to verify feasibility of the method. In this study, seven groups of pig shape images were processed, respectively. The average estimated accuracy rates of the four ratios were 92.90%, 92.44 %, 95.17% and 96.51%, respectively. The average estimated accuracy rate of LMP reached 94.35%, and the maximum and minimum errors were 6.56% and 3.57%, respectively. The results showed that the new assessment method based on shape characteristics could be used for estimation of LMP of pigs with low cost and high efficiency. Furthermore, the future development trends of machine vision on nondestructive test of livestock were proposed since it prevents from the animal stress and anthropozoonosis. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer vision - Decision making - Errors - Food processing - Graphical user interfaces - Image denoising - Image segmentation - Mammals - Mathematical morphology - MATLAB - Meats - Models - Nondestructive examination - Radial basis function networks - Ultrasonic applications - User interfaces
Uncontrolled terms:Food processing industry - Graphical user interfaces (GUI) - Lean meats - Living pig - Machine vision technologies - Nondestructive detection method - Radial basis function neural networks - RBF Neural Network
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.10e-01%, Percentage 3.57e+00%, Percentage 4.70e-01%, Percentage 6.56e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-02%, Percentage 9.24e+01%, Percentage 9.29e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20173304046265
Title:Analysis of minimum amplitude points and optimization of connection position for header of micro grain combine
Authors:Ji, Jiangtao (1); Xu, Longjiao (1); Pang, Jing (1); Geng, Lingxin (1); Wang, Shengsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Pang, Jing(jing_pang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:28-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper was aimed to reduce the vibration energy transitivity form the cutting table of the combine harvester to combine. In this paper, the 4 L-0.2 micro combine harvester was chosen as the object, the structure of the machine and the characteristics of the header were analyzed, and the minimum vibration amplitude point of the cutting table was found by using the minimum amplitude point method. Then the finite element modal analysis of the cutting table was carried out by using the modal analysis software Workbench, and the first four order modal frequencies and shapes were obtained, which were also acquired through the modal experiment of the cutting table. The experiment result was proved to be believable by comparison with the finite element modal analysis result. Three different experiments were performed, which included the preliminary experiment, the single-frequency excitation experiment and the verification experiment. In the preliminary experiment, the motor was used to provide the power which was used to drive the cutter installed on the cutting table to reciprocate; the preliminary experiment was done under the condition of low frequency, and 3 different frequencies, which had significant influence on the vibration amplitude of the points, were obtained, which were 5, 10 and 15 Hz respectively. The single- frequency experiments were done on the base of these 3 frequencies. In the single-frequency experiment, a small area that contained the positions of the first four order modal node of the experiment mode was divided out from the experimental area on the cutting table. Some points were randomly chosen in the small area, and the exciter was used to force the cutting table to vibrate. The values of vibration amplitude of the points chosen were obtained, and they were imported into the MATLAB together with the coordinate values of the points. The least square method was used to obtain the fitting curve, which illustrated the relationship between the coordinate value and the value of vibration amplitude of the points. The points that had the minimum value of vibration amplitude were found at each frequency. According to the vibration theory, it could be seen that the value of the vibration amplitude in the time domain was the superimposition of the value of amplitude of each frequency. The weighting factors corresponding to the 3 frequencies were obtained, which were 0.54, 0.3 and 0.16 respectively according to the relationship between the 3 different frequencies obtained from the preliminary experiment. The positions of the points that had the minimum vibration amplitude could be calculated with this set of weighting factors. In the verification experiment, the motor was used to provide the power for driving the cutter installed on the cutting table to reciprocate. The experimental data were calculated and the experimental result was consistent with that of the finite element analysis, and the positions of the points that had the minimum value of the vibration amplitude were obtained, which weighted average magnitude for the region (29.707 m/s<sup>2</sup>) 89.29%, the maximum amplitude point amplitude (35.044 m/s<sup>2</sup>) 74.92%. At the end, the optimization scheme which provided the best position for the installation of the cutting table was put forward according to the result. After changing the connection point, the cutting table's structure was analyzed, and the results showed that the structural strength of the cutting table met the requirements. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Curve fitting - Digital storage - Finite element method - Harvesters - Least squares approximations - MATLAB - Modal analysis - Optimization - Reactor cores - Time domain analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Different frequency - Finite element modal analysis - Least square methods - Minimum amplitude point - Optimization scheme - Structural strength - Vibration amplitude
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 2.97e+01m/s2, Acceleration 3.50e+01m/s2, Frequency 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 1.50e+01Hz, Percentage 7.49e+01%, Percentage 8.93e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20173304046273
Title:Control strategy of vehicle automatic transmissions matching with start-stop system
Authors:Shi, Gang (1); Liu, Yang (2); Han, Xiao (1); Wu, Xiao (1); Guo, Wei (3); Xu, Xiangyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing; 100191, China; (2) Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing; 100076, China; (3) National Engineering Technology Research Center for Passenger Car Automatic Transmissions, Weifang; 261205, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yang(kaka19881019@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:91-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The engine idling start-stop technology can realize energy conservation and emission reduction, thus it has a very promising application. However, the start-stop technology does not match well with conventional automatic transmissions because of the vehicle starting delay, starting shock and safety problems. In order to overcome these problems, in this paper, we conducted a research on system level, based on a start-stop vehicle platform and the interfaces between engine, automatic transmission and other parts were analyzed. Based on comprehensive analyzing of the start-stop principle, the technical scheme of TCU (transmission control unit) control system was designed and a coordinated control strategy between TCU, EMS (engine management system) and the electrical oil pump was built. The coordinated control module contained three parts corresponding the engine auto-stop process, engine auto-start process, and the electrical oil pump control strategy. The control strategy for engine auto-stop and auto-stop process was to guarantee the starter operating only when the driveline was open to avoid starting failure and damage to the engine starter device, and the boundary conditions and CAN communication signals were expressed in these parts. An intelligent control strategy of the electrical oil pump was developed to satisfy the automatic transmission pressure requirement during engine restart and auto-stop, as well as decreasing the energy consumption. The rotating speed of the electrical oil pump was controlled based on the engine starting process and engine speed. This coordinated control strategy can avoid engine starting failure and guarantee the system normal operation and driving safety. In order to satisfy the special starting requirements of start-stop function, a mathematical model of starting process and clutch control system was built. The model contained the engine, torque converter, AT starting clutch, and vehicle body, the current to pressure characteristic, and friction characteristic of clutch. Based on model simulation, abnormal shifting operations caused by driver such as shift selector changing during start-stop process were considered in the starting control strategy. In different conditions, the control pressure for five clutches was different. By this control logic design, vehicle launching delay can be eliminated, and the shifting shock caused by abnormal operations can be avoided. The starting control strategy improved vehicle launching responsiveness and comfort significantly. The TCU application software was developed based on 'V process' from control module to target code, then the code was integrated with the target controller. A test environment on a prototype vehicle was established to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategies. The test results indicated that the transmission functioned favorably, the speed of output shaft changed smoothly instead of changing sharply, and a quick and smooth starting performance of intuitive feeling was achieved when the engine was restarted. The findings in this study are valuable for forward designs of an AT for matching with start-stop system and also have great engineering application value. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Process control
Controlled terms:Application programs - Automobile parts and equipment - Clutches - Control equipment - Control systems - Electric machine control - Emission control - Energy utilization - Engines - Functions - Ignition - Pumps - Safety engineering - Starters - Starting - Torque converters - Transmissions - Vehicle transmissions - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Coordinated control strategy - Energy conservation and emission reductions - Engine management systems - Intelligent control strategies - Oil pump - Pressure characteristics - Starting control - Transmission control units
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 618.2 Pumps - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.2 Control System Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 914 Safety Engineering - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20173304046272
Title:Effect of ultrasonic cavitation on maching efficiency and quality of soft abrasive flow
Authors:Ji, Shiming (1); Chen, Kai (1, 2); Tan, Dapeng (1); Zheng, Chenliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310014, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Digital Design and Intelligent Manufacturing for Creative Cultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Lishui University, Lishui; 323000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Kai(ck207701@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:82-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The method of material removal by ultrasonic cavitation was studied to improve the efficiency of soft abrasive flow machining. Soft abrasive flow machining uses water as the carrier, and the actual processing effect is achieved by abrasive. The uneven peak and valley structure of the machined surface is impacted by a large number of abrasive particles. Those molecules at the high positions of the workpiece surface are more likely to slip or fall apart after collision. First of all, because of the probability of its impact, the molecule of the top in the collision will get more energy to escape from the original position. After a large amount of impact, the structure of the peak and valley tends to be smooth and the surface roughness decreases. The processing efficiency is determined by the kinetic energy of abrasive particles impinging on the wall of the workpiece. Based on the analysis of the abrasive particle polishing experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulation, it was proposed and verified that the kinetic energy of abrasive grain impacting the wall was the main factor affecting the cutting efficiency. When the ultrasonic wave passes through the water, the liquid is no longer a kind of incompressible fluid, and the density of particles varies with sound waves. Bubbles will appear in the water, and the size of bubble will be changed by the ultrasonic wave. The modified Rayleigh-plesset equation of motion can be used to calculate the variation of bubble diameter with time. Ultrasonic cavitation occurs when the bubble diameter is reduced to zero. The actual observation and theoretical calculation indicate that the collapse of the bubble in its interior will produce high temperature and pressure, which triggers a series of complex physical and chemical phenomena. According to the study of ultrasonic cavitation bubble collapse, and the research results of the peripheral water shock wave formation and its propagation, the role of bubble collapse in the change of abrasive particle kinetic energy was analyzed. When the bubble collapses, high-pressure area formed on the periphery of bubbles is thin, and the high-pressure area then spreads outward to form a shock wave. The amplitude of shock wave is attenuated with a speed of the reciprocal of propagation distance. The kinetic energy of the abrasive particles in the vicinity of the bubble due to shock wave can be analyzed. Strong ultrasonic wave can destroy the surface of parts. In order to make the cavitation bubble collapse caused by the "shock wave" and "micro jet" reasonably affect the machining process, the cavitation intensity must be controlled reasonably, so as to promote the acceleration of the abrasive particles as much as possible without hurting the machined surface. A large number of experiments have been carried out to obtain a reasonable ultrasonic intensity. The experimental device was set up to observe the effect of ultrasonic cavitation on the removal of SiO<inf>2</inf>on the surface of silicon wafer. Significant effect of ultrasonic cavitation was observed in the process of abrasive particle flow machining on the silicon wafer surface. The results show that the ultrasonic cavitation can change the kinetic energy of the abrasive particles in the particle flow, which can improve the cutting efficiency and improve the surface quality. When the frequency of ultrasonic wave is 20 kHz, the ultrasonic intensity is 92 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, the abrasive particle velocity reaches 21 m/s, and the size of the abrasive particles is above 13 μm, it can significantly improve the abrasive flow to remove the surface material under the action of ultrasonic wave. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Abrasives
Controlled terms:Bubble formation - Cavitation - Computational fluid dynamics - Energy efficiency - Equations of motion - Fighter aircraft - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Machining - Molecules - Polishing - Shock waves - Silicon oxides - Silicon wafers - Surface roughness - Ultrasonic waves - Ultrasonics - Velocity control
Uncontrolled terms:Abrasive grains - Computational fluid dynamics simulations - High temperature and pressure - Silicon wafer surface - Soft abrasive flows - Theoretical calculations - Three-phase flow - Ultrasonic cavitation
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 604.2 Machining Operations - 606.1 Abrasive Materials - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631.1.2 Gas Dynamics - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.2 Calculus - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+04Hz, Size 1.30e-05m, Surface_Power_Density 9.20e+05W/m2, Velocity 2.10e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20173304046290
Title:Effect of two-stage pretreatment combined acid-washing with aqueous portion of pyrolysis oil and torrefaction on pyrolysis characteristics of corn stalk
Authors:Hu, Zhichao (1); Mei, Yanyang (1); Yang, Qing (1); Wang, Xianhua (1); Yang, Haiping (1); Shao, Jingai (1); Chen, Hanping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Qing(qingyang@g.harvard.edu)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:224-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Torrefaction and acid-washing are both the pretreatment methods to improve the quality of biomass. Torrefaction can remove oxygen in the biomass, and acid-washing can effectively remove alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs). Both oxygen and alkali metals and alkaline earth metals have effect on the quality and yield of pyrolysis oil. However, after torrefaction, there are still a lot of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals remaining in the biomass. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate pretreatment methods to remove alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. But acid-washing can not remove oxygen from the biomass. Therefore, for improving the quality of biomass, torrefaction and acid-washing have some limitations. At present, there are many researches on torrefaction and acid-washing, but the the coupling effect of the torrefaction and acid-washing on pyrolysis characteristics is rarely reported. In this paper, a method of two-stage pretreatment by acid-washing and torrefaction was proposed and the coupling effect of the torrefaction and acid-washing on pyrolysis characteristics of corn stalk was studied. The acid liquor was taken from the aqueous portion of the pyrolysis oil from a demonstration project. If the aqueous portion can be used for washing biomass, it is beneficial to increase the benefit of the system and realize the internal circulation of industrial materials. The torrefaction temperature is 230, 260 and 290 ℃. It is found that the AAEMs can be effectively removed by acid-washing, and the removal rates of K, Na, and Mg are 97.53%, 81.38% and 84.86%, respectively. Two-stage pretreatment can significantly reduce O/C ratio; compared to the original corn stalk, the O/C of semi-coke with washing-torrefaction under 290 ℃ reduces by 25.32%. Two-stage pretreatment can obviously reduce the unfavorable effects of torrefaction on oil yield; compared to 290 ℃ torrefaction semi-coke, the oil yield of semi-coke with washing-290 ℃ torrefaction increases by 127.66%. Compared to original corn stalk, there is still a 3.88% increase in the oil yield. Two-stage pretreatment can significantly enhance the carbohydrate content in pyrolysis oil, while reducing the content of phenols and acids. There is no carbohydrate in the pyrolysis oil of corn stalks and torrefaction semi-coke. With the increasing of torrefaction temperature, the relative content of carbohydrate in the pyrolysis oil of washing-torrefaction semi-coke gradually increases. For semi-coke with washing-290 ℃ torrefaction, the content of the carbohydrate in the pyrolysis oil is 45.89%. The relative content of phenols in the pyrolysis oil of corn stalks is the highest, reaching 25.92%. With the increasing of torrefaction temperature, the content of phenols in the pyrolysis oil decreases gradually from 18.42% of sampling with acid-washing to 9.76% of sampling with acid-washing and 290℃ torrefaction. For straw without pretreament, the relative content of the acids in the pyrolysis oil is 20.79%. With the increasing of torrefaction temperature, the relative content of acids in the pyrolysis oil of the torrefaction semi-coke and the washing-torrefaction semi-coke decreases. For 290 ℃ torrefaction semi-coke and the washing and 290℃ torrefaction semi-coke, the content falls to 16.81% and 6.31%, respectively. Contents of other chemical components such as ketones and furans reduce to a certain extent, but there is a small increase in aldehydes content. On the whole, the two-stage pretreatment not only improves the yield and quality of the pyrolysis oil, but also finds a good way for the use of the aqueous portion. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Washing
Controlled terms:Alkaline earth metals - Alkalinity - Biomass - Carbohydrates - Coke - Ketones - Metals - Oxygen - Phenols - Pyrolysis - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Acid washing - Carbohydrate content - Demonstration project - Industrial materials - Internal circulations - Pretreatment methods - Pyrolysis characteristics - Torrefaction
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.28e+02%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 2.08e+01%, Percentage 2.53e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01%, Percentage 3.88e+00%, Percentage 4.59e+01%, Percentage 6.31e+00%, Percentage 8.14e+01%, Percentage 8.49e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Percentage 9.76e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20173304046275
Title:Design and experiment of liquid quantity monitor for pesticide tank in spraying UAV
Authors:Jiang, Rui (1, 2); Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2, 3); Xu, Yan (1); Lan, Yubin (1, 2); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Zhiyan(zyzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:107-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The liquid quantity data is one of the most important information to spraying UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). During the aerial spraying, the liquid quantity in the pesticide tank is dynamic, the operators have always to paid attention to the liquid quantity so that they can make suitable decisions for the flight controlling. Therefore, the liquid quantity monitoring method for pesticide tank is the most important in UAV spraying operation. However, other special characteristics need to be evaluated in order to achieve real-time monitoring the amount of pesticide liquid of spraying UAV, including unstable liquid surface, variation of physical and chemical properties of different pesticides, shapes of different tanks, the anti-corrosion requirements, tank sizes, etc. In this paper, we aimed to explore the feasible method for liquid quantity monitoring of pesticide tank in spraying UAV. Based on the above characteristics, we developed a solution called dual-pressure liquid quantity monitoring system, which consisted of double pressure sensors for liquid-level monitor, wave filter for liquid level turbulence (i.e.va combination of the median filter and the moving average filter), liquid level correction for aircraft on a tilt (based on a gyroscope), and conversion model for liquid level and liquid quantity. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a prototype of liquid monitoring device was developed, and the relevant verification test was conducted to test its performance. The experimental results showed that there was a significant (p < 0.05) linear negative correlation between the liquid level and pressure difference (between ambient atmospheric pressure and sealed air chamber pressure caused by liquid level), and the correlation coefficient R<sup>2</sup>was 0.9989. It showed that the dual-pressure method can effectively eliminate the influence of ambient atmospheric pressure changes on the measurement accuracy and stability. By using the proposed wave filter, the C.V. (coefficient of variation) of liquid level data decreased from 28.45% to 12.27%, indicating that the proposed wave filter can filter off the liquid level turbulence effectively. By using liquid-level correction for aircraft on a tilt, the error was reduced to 0.05 from -1.09 hPa when the aircraft tilt up to 30°. Therefore, the proposed tilt correction method can effectively eliminate the error caused by aircraft body tilt. In order to test the performance of prototype of liquid quantity monitor in the actual spraying operation, the test based on a spraying UAV, 3WDM4-10, was conducted. The test included three different flying attitudes, forward, backward and turn around at the edge of field. When the payload of the pesticide tank was 2, 4 and 6 L, the mean liquid quantity data out by the liquid quantity monitor were 1.985, 3.942, and 5.984 L, the relative errors of the liquid quantity monitor were 0.75 %, 1.45%, 0.77%, the RMS error was 0.182, 0.199 and 0.180 L, respectively. The results demonstrated that the output of the proposed liquid quantity monitor is stable and reliable in different flying attitude. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Liquids
Controlled terms:Atmospheric chemistry - Atmospheric pressure - Atmospheric thermodynamics - Design - Errors - Experiments - Fighter aircraft - Median filters - Monitoring - Passive filters - Pesticides - Tanks (containers) - Testing - Turbulence - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Wave filters
Uncontrolled terms:Air chamber pressures - Coefficient of variation - Correlation coefficient - Measurement accuracy - Moving average filter - Physical and chemical properties - UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) - Wireless monitoring
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 619.2 Tanks - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 703.2 Electric Filters - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.45e+00%, Percentage 2.84e+01% to 1.23e+01%, Percentage 7.50e-01%, Percentage 7.70e-01%, Pressure -1.09e+02Pa, Volume 1.80e-04m3, Volume 1.99e-04m3, Volume 4.00e-03m3, Volume 5.98e-03m3, Volume 6.00e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20173304046266
Title:Design of tomato fruit separation vibration generator with multi group non-circular planetary gear
Authors:Wang, Lihong (1); Zhang, Na (1); Kan, Za (1); Li, Chengsong (1); Zhu, Xingliang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering and Traffic, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Kan, Za(kz-shz@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:34-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The processing tomato planting area is increasing year by year in Xinjiang, and mechanized harvesting has become an important mean of tomato harvesting. Fruit seedling separation device is one of the core working parts of processed tomato harvesting machine. At present, double eccentric block type of fruit seedling separating vibration generator is widely used. However, there are still some problems with this relatively matured technology, such as motion parameters are easily affected by load, device is easily blocked and so on, which strongly affect the performance of processing tomato harvesting machine. Some scholars proposed to apply non-circular planetary gear to the structure design of tomato fruit seedling vibration generator, but this type of tomato fruit seedling vibration generator has a problem that its transmission components load is imbalanced. To solve above problems, in this study, we put forward multiple-group non-circular planetary gear of tomato fruit seedling vibration generator. The research results published from other scholars about trajectories of separation roller and conditions of tomato harvesting vibration were used when we designed tomato fruit separation vibration generator base on multi-group non-circular planetary gear. Trigonometric function and MATLAB software were exploited to fit separate roller angular velocity and angular displacement scatter curve. Then fitting curve of angular displacement and angular velocity were obtained as well as input and output angular displacement fitting function type, which served as the objective function of tomato fruit separation vibration generator based on multi-group non-circular planetary gear. The fitting degree with no more than 0.85 of angular displacement and velocity were obtained. The OriginPro9.0 was used to obtain angular velocity and angular displacement fitting function. According to the method of theoretical mechanics and dynamics, the theoretical equation of dynamics and kinematics were established to obtain the transmission ratio and pitch-curve equation of the non-circular gear train. Non-circular gears based on three groups were designed and gear tooth profiles of non-circular gear were generated by using gear's pitch curve got from MATLAB. Then, the whole structure of fruit seedling vibration generator base on three group non-circular planetary gear was designed according to the selected type and corresponding parameters of gear train, which was mainly composed of input shaft assembly, tie rod assembly, shell and output shaft assembly. When this vibration generator working, power was input from the input shaft uniformly and transferred to the separation roller by transmission of this vibration generator. In this way, the uniform motion of input shaft was transformed into variable speed rotary motion of output shaft to drive the separation roller achieving the separation of fruit and stem seedlings. The model of vibration generator based on multi-group non-circular planetary gear was constructed, and this model was analyzed by simulating in the ADAMS at speeds of 111 revolutions per minute. The contrast figure of non-circular gear vibration generator and three groups non-circular gear vibration generator's tooth surface contact force diagram was obtained by analyzing the tooth surface contact force between the planet gear and the output shaft gear, which showed that the vibration generator possessed uniform stress, and small vibration and the correctness of the model were verified. Finally, the physical prototype of vibration generator based on multi-group non-circular planetary gear was developed, and then tomato fruit seedling separation test was conducted in the way that replacing double eccentric block vibration generator with vibration generator based on multi-group non-circular planetary gear on tomato fruit seedling separation test platform, in this test, the motion process of separating drum was tracked shot using CPL-MS70k high speed camera system, whose frame rate was set to 800. The test data were analyzed and we found that the actual motion curve of drum separation fitted better with simulation curve and objective motion curve, from which maximum error was less than 0.4 rad/s, showing that the mechanism design was reasonable. This study provides a new idea for the improvement of processing tomato fruit seedling separation device. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Angular velocity - Curve fitting - Digital storage - Epicyclic gears - Fruits - Gear teeth - Gears - Harvesters - Harvesting - High speed cameras - Machine design - MATLAB - Problem solving - Rollers (machine components) - Separation - Velocity - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:High speed camera systems - Non-circular gears - Pitch curve - Planetary gear train - Revolutions per minutes - Transmission components - Trigonometric functions - Vibration
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Angular_Velocity 4.00e-01rad/s, Rotational_Speed 1.11e+02RPM
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20173304046283
Title:Effects of soil water stress on expansion of leaf area and development of fruit in fruiting period of greenhouse sweet pepper
Authors:Yang, Zaiqiang (1, 2); Hou, Mengyuan (1); Zhang, Manyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (2) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing; 210044, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:170-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Taking Catherine that was one variety of Capsicum annuum L. as test materials, the experiment with 4 soil moisture contents was conducted to investigate the effect of different soil water on the expansion of leaf area and the fruit dynamic development of greenhouse sweet pepper in Venlo greenhouse of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology in 2016. The 4 treatments in the experiment included field water holding capacity of 70%-80% (CK), 60%-70% (light stress), 50%-60% (moderate stress) and 40%-50% (severe stress). Soil water sensor EM50 was used to monitor soil water content. The leaf area expansion dynamics, the fruit development dynamics and the yield of sweet pepper were determined in fruiting period. The results showed that: 1) Leaf and fruit development of sweet pepper experienced 3 stages including slow growth, linear scale growth and stable constant growth stage. With the increase of the water stress, the leaf area and fruit diameter were evidently reduced. Compared with CK, the maximum leaf area, fruit equatorial diameter and longitudinal diameter under severe stress treatment were reduced by 57.48%, 38.83% and 52.85% (P<0.05), respectively. 2) Soil water stress reduced the maximum growth rate of leaf and the fruit diameter of sweet pepper. The maximum of leaf and the fruit growth rate appeared obviously earlier with the increase of soil water stress. The growth rate of fruit equatorial diameter, the growth rate of fruit longitudinal diameter and the leaf relative expansion rate in the late development stage of leave or fruit under light stress were higher than other treatments, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). 3) Soil water stress prolonged the rapid growth time of leaf and fruit equatorial diameter significantly. Compared with CK, the leaf rapid growth time under light stress, moderate stress and severe stress delayed by 1.18, 1.18 and 1.46 d (P<0.05), respectively. 4) The total number of fruit per plant, the mean fresh weight of individual fruit per plant and the yield per plant were significantly reduced under moderate and severe stress (P<0.05), but the fruit number per plant increased by 23.61% compared with CK under light stress, and the yield was not significantly different from CK (P>0.05). This study indicated that soil water stress decreased the leaf area and the fruit diameter, but light water stress treatment could improve the tolerance to drought stress, promote the late development of leaves or fruits and increase the fruit number of greenhouse sweet peppers. The results provide a reference for the optimal control of the greenhouse sweet pepper environment. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Expansion - Fruits - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Growth rate - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soils - Stresses - Water treatment - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Development stages - Dynamic development - Expansion dynamics - Fruit development - Leaf area - Soil water content - Sweet pepper - Water holding capacity
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451 Air Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.36e+01%, Percentage 3.88e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 5.75e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20173304046269
Title:Design and experiment of soil-covering and soil-compacting device with cone-shaped structure of wheel
Authors:Guo, Hui (1, 2); Chen, Zhi (2, 3); Jia, Honglei (1, 2); Zheng, Tiezhi (4); Wang, Gang (1, 2); Wang, Qi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (3) China National Machinery Industry Corporation, Beijing; 100080, China; (4) Jilin Agricultural Machinery Management Center, Changchun; 130062, China
Corresponding author:Jia, Honglei(jiahl@vip.163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:56-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The soil-covering and press wheel are the main parts of the corn planter, and their performances are directly related to the growth and the output of the corn. The device with the functions of soil covering and soil compaction can improve the soil moisture content after planting and simplify the structure of machine. The squeeze-type coverer is a typical device with the functions of soil covering and soil compaction. But due to that the contact area is too small to bring the poor stability of soil-covering and soil-compacting during work process, the squeeze-type coverer is often used on no-till planter. A new type of soil-covering and soil-compacting device for corn planter was designed in this paper. The device was composed of 2 soil-covering-pressing wheels with cone-shaped structure, and realized the functions of soil-covering and soil-compacting depending on the extrusion force of soil produced by soil-covering-pressing wheel during planting. The main structure parameters of the soil-covering and soil-compacting device were determined through theoretical analysis and experiment of double-disk opener, which were mean diameter of 350 mm, width of the horizontal part of single soil-covering-pressing wheel of 20 mm, width of the inclined surface of single cover-press wheel of 70 mm, and the value range of horizontal interval of left and right soil-covering-pressing wheel of less than 29 mm. The leaning angle of soil-covering-pressing wheel was determined through theoretical analysis of soil-covering process based on the shape of soil furrows, which meant the leaning angle was about less than 20°. Based on the agronomic requirement of soil-compacting, the range of external load was about 609-790 N. Through analyzing, it was found that the external load, the horizontal interval between left and right soil-covering-pressing wheel and the leaning angle were the main influencing factors on the functions of soil-covering and soil-compacting of the device. Taking the 3 indices as the experimental factors using Design-Expert software, the Box-Benhnken experiments of 3 factors and 3 levels were conducted, and the results showed that the order of the influence of the factors on the soil compactness in the top 5 cm soil layer of the seed furrow from high to low was the external load, the horizontal interval between left and right soil-covering-pressing wheel and the leaning angle. The order of the influence of the factors on thickness of covering soil was the leaning angle, the load and the horizontal interval between left and right soil-covering-pressing wheel. The optimal parameter combination of the device was the external load of 900 N, the horizontal interval between left and right soil-covering-pressing wheel of 13 mm and the leaning angle of 16°. Verification testing indicated that the soil compactness in the top 5 cm soil layer of the seed furrow was (43.8±1.9) kPa, the coefficient of variation was 4.3%, and the thickness of covering soil was (32.9±2.3) mm with the coefficient of variation of 6.9%. The soil-covering and soil-compacting device designed in this paper has good performance of soil-covering, soil-compacting and working stability. This study can provide a reference for the design of planters. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Compaction - Design - Experiments - Kinematics - Loads (forces) - Machine design - Plants (botany) - Presses (machine tools) - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Structure (composition) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Device - Experimental factors - Optimal parameter combinations - Soil compacting - Soil coverings - Verification testing - Working stabilities
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 6.09e+02N to 7.90e+02N, Force 9.00e+02N, Percentage 4.30e+00%, Percentage 6.90e+00%, Size 1.30e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.90e-02m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20173304046292
Title:Making method of tracking monitoring scheme for abandoned industrial and mining land reclamation and its empirical research
Authors:Zhou, Yan (1); Luo, Ming (1); Zhou, Xu (1); Huang, Yuanfang (2); Zhang, Shiwen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing; 100035, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) College of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Ming(luoming@mail.lcrc.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:240-248
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Abandoned land is a special kind of land space which is damaged by industrial and mining activities. Due to being abandoned for a long time, complicated formation and uncertain factors, the improvement of soil fertility and quality during abandoned land reclamation requires a long process. So tracking monitoring and evaluation work is really important. A making method of tracking monitoring scheme for abandoned land reclamation includes the layout of monitoring points, the establishment of the minimum data set of monitoring indicators, as one of the means of monitoring soil, surface water, groundwater and crop. A case study on a reclamation project of an abandoned sulfur mine land was carried out in the southwest area of China. With the help of 3S (remote sensing, RS; geographical information system, GIS; global positioning system, GPS) and geostatistics, we proposed monitoring point layout scheme, and monitoring indicators, and established the minimum data set as one of the means for soil, groundwater, surface water and plant. Considering the reclamation measures and monitoring index of spatial heterogeneity and the reclaimed land quality evaluation results, multi-layer spatial overlap was adopted to form monitoring units and monitoring points; considering the existing land reclamation quality factors and variability, through the analysis of the existing index average value, the single pollution index, exceeding rate, rhichness and rangeabilty to obtain the minimum data set of monitoring indicators. The monitoring sites of reclaimed soil, crop, ground water, and surface water were 53, 5, 5 and 1, and 2 kinds of monitoring types were collected. A minimum data set of 15 indicators was constructed, covering the quality of construction, environment, soil fertility, and so on. The reliability of the monitoring points was validated and evaluated from the monitoring point number and spatial layout using the coefficient of variation, relative deviation, variable range of variation function and Moran's Index according to the monitoring scheme proposed in the paper. The evaluation results showed that the number of monitoring points obtained according to monitoring scheme was close to the number in verification calculation, which met the requirements. Compared with the 138 samples in 2015, the number of monitoring points decreased by 61.59%, the monitoring index was reduced by more than 50%, the distribution of monitoring points was more uniform, the monitoring content was more comprehensive, and the monitoring cost was saved; the actual sampling distance (average 456 m) did not exceed the monitoring index range of variation function, and there was no need to refine the monitoring unit or monitoring point; the spatial distribution characteristics of monitoring points were random or between clustered and random, which was not significant (P>0.05), and the monitoring points layout was ideal. This shows that the making method of tracking monitoring scheme is scientific and feasible. The tracking monitoring scheme can guide the quality improvement project for the reclamation of abandoned mine land and also provide a technical support and empirical basis for developing the tracking monitoring standards of abandoned land reclamation. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Abandoned mines - Crops - Function evaluation - Global positioning system - Groundwater - Industrial research - Land reclamation - Land use - Mines - Quality control - Reclamation - Remote sensing - River pollution - Soils - Statistical methods - Surface waters
Uncontrolled terms:Abandoned land - Abandoned mine lands - Coefficient of variation - Distribution characteristics - Geo-statistics - Monitoring indicators - Multisource data - Spatial heterogeneity
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.16e+01%, Size 4.56e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20173304046262
Title:Development course of peanut harvest mechanization technology of the United States and enlightenment to China
Authors:Gao, Lianxing (1); Chen, Zhongyu (1, 2); Chen, Charles (3); Butts, C.L. (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) College of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Industry Technology, Yancheng; 224005, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn; AL; 36849, United States; (4) USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson; GA; 31742, United States
Corresponding author:Chen, Zhongyu(chenzhongyu_1981@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanut is a very important crop forfood and edible oil in the world. China is the largest peanut producer in total annual production accounted for about 40.26% and the second-largest in peanut planting area accounted for about 16.68% in the world. China, India and Nigeria, United States, Argentina and Brazil all are major important peanut exporters in the world. In the United States, the peanut area planted only accounted for about 2.46%, but total annual peanut production accounted for about 6.11% and export peanut accounted for 16.03% in 2016, which make the United States become a leading country of peanut production and exportation nation in the word. Based on comprehensively analysis, the main reasons why a country becomes strongest peanut production nation is that high level harvest mechanization plays an important role for peanut production. Harvesting is a key part in peanut production, it accounts for more than 50 percent labor employment of the whole process. However, in the USA, the application of peanut harvest mechanization was implemented in 1950's that dramatically changed peanut harvesting practices. The peanut harvest mechanization mode has two stages in USA. Two pieces of equipment developed in the late 1940's contributed to the major changes in harvesting practices in the USA, those include a peanut shaker-windrower and peanut combine. A peanut shaker-windrower was further advanced to Digger-Shaker-Inverter in the early 1970's, which can turn the plants upside down and place two rows together in a windrow to cure. The second piece of equipment is a peanut combine that picks up the peanuts plants from the windrow after they are dried to a safe moisture level, picks off the pods, and deposits the cleaned pods into bulk tanks. After combining, the peanuts are placed in a curing facility where low humidity air is forced through the peanuts to evaporate the excess moisture. With the advances of peanut harvest mechanization technology, the United States has been leading its peanut production with high yield, high quality, high efficiency and more international market competitive advantages. Nevertheless, the initial harvest machinery in the United States ran into problem of dense, heavy peanut foliage that reduces separation efficiency for combine. With blades added into converter for coultering or vine clipping and the varieties with reducing peanut foliage through breeding effort, the current harvest machinery is well adopted by peanut growers in the USA. However, compared to the USA, the adaptation rate of peanut harvest machinery in China is extremely low and the advance of peanut harvest machinery is far behind what we expected. In this paper, by systematic analysis on large number of literatures and documents, we reviewed the developing history of peanut harvest machinery in the USA and summarized the strategies that integrated machinery advantage into production practices through agronomic cultivation and breeding. The successful development experience of peanut harvest machinery in the USA will serve as a guideline for developing adoptable China's peanut harvest machines that are suitable for different cultivation practices, different peanut plants of botanical types, and different growing conditions such as soil types, growing seasons, and scales of peanut field. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:75
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Combines - Competition - Cultivation - Curing - Efficiency - Harvesters - Harvesting - International trade - Machinery - Mechanization - Moisture - Moisture determination
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechinery - Enlightenment - Evolution process - Peanut - The United States
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+00%, Percentage 4.03e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.11e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20173304046294
Title:Determination method of highest yield and highest ratio of yield to cost for agricultural land quality grade
Authors:Wang, Lingchao (1); Song, Yanhua (1); Song, Fuqiang (1); Wang, Lei (1); Yang, Xihui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Geographial Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou; 450052, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:255-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Highest yield and highest ratio of yield to cost are 2 important parameters in agricultural land quality grade. The procedures of agricultural land quality classification (GBT28407-2012) points out that the highest yield should be investigated and determined by the land administrative departments of the provinces according to the specified crop species in standard farming system, and the maximum highest ratio of yield to cost for the specified crop species in the partitions of provinces should be determined by the relevant experts. Due to the lack of scientific basis, the determination of highest yield and highest ratio of yield to cost was subjective and random, which affects the comparability, scientificity and rationality of agricultural land quality grade results. In this paper, we applied wheat input-output survey data of farmland in Henan Province, and divided the data into 2 parts, one for research and the other for verifying the research results, after eliminating abnormal sample data. Based on the theory of land diminishing returns, the wheat per unit yield and per unit input of the agricultural land quality grade were used as the total yield and the total input of the land diminishing returns curve respectively, and accordingly the average yield had the same meaning as the production-cost index. Then the relationships among unit yield, production-cost index and marginal yield of diminishing returns curves were used to determine the highest yield and the highest ratio of yield to cost. The paper concluded that the theoretical conditions for achieving the highest yield and the highest ratio of yield to cost were as follows: In the complete marginal yield diminishing returns curves, the intersection point of the marginal yield curve and the X axis was the highest yield; in the incomplete marginal yield diminishing returns curves, the right end of the yield curve was the highest yield; the intersection point of the production-cost index curve and the marginal yield curves was the highest ratio of yield to cost. A correction method for the abnormal production-cost index was also proposed in this paper. In the incomplete marginal yield diminishing returns curves we obtained, the highest yield of wheat was 8 850 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, 2.16% lower than the highest yield of 9 041 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>obtained from the yield curve trend extrapolation theory, showing that they were very close. Compared with the original highest yield of 9 400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the space transition characteristics of wheat land use coefficient of equivalent area obtained by using the new highest yield calculation method could be showed better, the spatial differentiation of the coefficient was more in line with the actual production, and the correlation degree between new wheat utilization class index calculated at provincial level and validation sample yield was higher; compared with the original highest ratio of yield to cost of 3.70 kg/yuan, the highest ratio of yield to cost determined in this study was 2.00 kg/yuan according to the wheat price at the time, which conformed more to the local wheat gains at the time. The results showed that calculation method of the highest yield and the highest ratio of yield to cost was scientific and feasible. The determined highest yield had corresponding funding support and the determined highest ratio of yield to cost had economic significance and practical value. The results verified that "high land yield doesn't always mean high production-cost index". The research provides scientific basis for calculating the abnormal production-cost index, enriches the connotation of the utilization coefficient and the economic coefficient, and improves the compatibility, rationality and scientificity of the agricultural land utilization grade and the economy grade results. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Costs
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Economics - Equivalence classes - Land use
Uncontrolled terms:Abnormal production - Agricultural land - Determination methods - Diminishing return - Highest yield - Intersection points - Land quality - Spatial differentiation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.16e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20173304046278
Title:Simulation and verification of water transformation of rice paddy and pond system based on system dynamics
Authors:Hu, Nengjie (1); Shao, Dongguo (1); Chen, Shu (1); Le, Zhihua (1); Nong, Xizhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Corresponding author:Shao, Dongguo(dgshao@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:130-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ponds are widely distributed in Southern China. Considering the regulatory role of pond, Vensim software was used to build a system dynamic model to simulate water transformation in paddy and pond system, based on the system dynamic approach and water balance method. It was assumed that runoff from each land unit directly fed into drainage canal without flowing through other fields. The physical processes, such as irrigation, evapotranspiration, deep percolation, inflow and outflow of pond, were calculated in the model. In addition, various scenarios could be set to research the variation of the system with control factors. The proposed model was applied to simulate water transformation during the growing period of rice in Zhanghe irrigation district to examine its feasibility. The study area features a subtropical continental climate with an average annual precipitation of 947 mm, 85% of which occurs between April and October. There are 145 ponds with the storage capacity of 155 283 cubic meters, which are important for ensuring an adequate water supply for crops. In the simulation, all the ponds were integrated as a large pond. And water storage was obtained from the relation curve between water level and storage. The results showed a good agreement between the observed and simulated daily water level of pond: coefficient of determination of 0.90, coefficient of efficiency of 0.79 and root-mean-square error of 0.155 m/day. To estimate the significance of pond irrigation system for agriculture irrigation, 3 different pond operation modes were set and simulated: 1) pond supply with total operation, 2) pond supply with partial operation, and 3) pond closed irrigation system. The result showsed that pond operation could ensure full irrigation of rice, and water stress occurred for 72 days under partial operation, closing pond irrigation system was bad for the growth of rice. Therefore, the pond irrigation system had a significant effect on ensuring the normal growth of crop. Additionally, water transformation was simulated under 3 different irrigation modes. From the results, in the early growth period, pond storage was consistent under 3 irrigation modes. However, during the developmental stage, pond storage was the smallest under moist irrigation and produced surplus water under intermittent irrigation. Pond storage decreased significantly under the shallow water irrigation in the late growth stage. From the perspective of pond inflow, shallow water irrigation was the best, followed by intermittent irrigation and moist irrigation. For the water supply, shallow water irrigation was also the best, followed by moist irrigation and intermittent irrigation, and effective water use efficiencies were 84.7%, 80.9% and 67.7%, respectively. The proportions, calculated by the minimum pond storage dividing pond capacity, were 2.0%, 18.9% and 41.3% for shallow water irrigation, wet irrigation and intermittent irrigation, respectively. This shows that under intermittent irrigation mode, pond can maintain a certain amount of water for a long period of time, which provides a scope for aquaculture and drainage water treatment. This study provides valuable information for the rational use of water resources and irrigation management in paddy rice and pond system. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Produced Water
Controlled terms:Canals - Crops - Efficiency - Information management - Irrigation - Lakes - Mean square error - Solvents - System theory - Systems science - Water levels - Water management - Water resources - Water supply - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Average annual precipitation - Coefficient of determination - Coefficient of efficiencies - Intermittent irrigations - Irrigation systems - Simulation - System Dynamics - Water balance
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.97e-01yr, Percentage 1.89e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.13e+01%, Percentage 6.77e+01%, Percentage 8.09e+01%, Percentage 8.47e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 9.47e-01m, Volume 1.55e+05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20173304046296
Title:Zoning and mode selection of rural residential land consolidation based on construction land reduction
Authors:Zheng, Hongyu (1); Zhuo, Yuefei (1); Wu, Cifang (1); Zhang, Xiaobin (1); Luo, Wenbin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310029, China; (2) College of Tourism, Hunan Normal University, Changsha; 410081, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Cifang(wucifang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:270-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rural residential land consolidation is not only the main way to improve the rural construction land use efficiency and farmers' production and living conditions, but also the policy tool to promote the construction land reduction. In the face of the inefficient use of stock land, Shanghai put forward construction land reduction in the whole domain first in China, and Fengxian was the important suburban agricultural region with a large amount of rural residential land. This study took 374 natural villages of 8 towns in Fengxian District, Shanghai City as the example, and ArcGIS technology and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were employed. Firstly, integrating top-bottom towns domain partition of consolidation potential and bottom-up natural villages classification of consolidation efficiency, the town with greater potential or stronger capacity was prior to consolidate, and the village with inadequate public services or backward education facilities or transportation inconvenience was prior to consolidate. Meanwhile we got the town domain partition and village classification results: The rural residential land area of high potential, middle potential and low potential accounted for 34.6%, 41.9% and 23.5% respectively, and high efficiency, middle efficiency and low inefficiency accounted for 31.2%, 63.0% and 5.8% respectively. Then, overlaying spatially the above results and construction land reduction region inside the concentrated construction area, the area was divided into 5 types: Long distance migration with rural residential land area accounting for 12.1% of the total rural residential land area outside the concentrated construction area, adjusted merging with rural residential land area accounting for 21.5%, reduction reserve with rural residential land area accounting for 22.7%, group reservation with rural residential land area accounting for 43.7%, and vacating and merging involving about 16 villages. Finally, based on the objectives of construction land reduction that were increasing the cultivated land area and optimizing land spatial layout, we got the mode of rural land consolidation: Long distance migration and reduction reserve regions chose reclamation and cultivation mode to promote the construction of clusters of basic farmland; adjusted merging and group reservation regions chose central village construction to increase the construction land index and optimize the land layout; and vacating and merging regions implemented town domain strengthening mode to improve land use efficiency. Land consolidation was a huge project, and the local government should realize the gap between interest driver and actual resistance, balance the macro decision-making and micro operation, and avoid blind and excessive construction land reduction. The research intended to form a gradual consolidation process of arrangement, reservation, and retaining and promote the economical and intensive reduction practices. The study can improve the feasibility of the rural land consolidation, and provide a more comprehensive view of practice for the rural land consolidation. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Analytic hierarchy process - Consolidation - Cultivation - Decision making - Efficiency - Housing - Land use - Merging - Rural areas - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Classification results - Consolidation process - Construction land - Fengxian district - Mode selection - Rural constructions - Rural residential
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.21e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.27e+01%, Percentage 2.35e+01%, Percentage 3.12e+01%, Percentage 3.46e+01%, Percentage 4.19e+01%, Percentage 4.37e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+00%, Percentage 6.30e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20173304046289
Title:Purification performance of regnant strains Trametes versicolor to toluene in biofilter
Authors:Luo, Yimeng (1); Li, Shunyi (1); Ma, Hongye (1); Wang, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shunyi(lsy76@zzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:218-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aimed to study the purification performance of the regnant strain Trametes versicolor in biofilter on toluene, the biological filter system packed with pine bark and lava rock was utilized to remove the toluene which was taken as a target pollutant by Trametes versicolor. The pine bark had a higher organic matter content and the lava rock had a bigger mechanical strength. The higher organic matter content could offer more nutrition to microorganism and the bigger mechanical strength could slow down blocking of the biofilter. Toluene is one of the typical contaminants in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and has a great harm to human health. Biological methods treating low inlet concentration of VOCs have many advantages, such as less investment, low energy consumption, and no secondary pollution. The Trametes versicolor is regnant strain to remove toluene and belongs to the white rot fungi. Relying on a variety of enzymes secreted, white rot fungi follow different degradation mechanisms to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl benzene, chlorinated aromatic and other compounds. Experiments on the growth situation of Trametes versicolor in the biological filter were carried out. Meanwhile the effects of different GRT (Gas rentention time) and ILR (inlet loading rate) on removal efficiency, elimination capacity and pressure drop were also studied. It was found that biofilm was formed on the surface of the packing material within 20 days by the compulsive circulation method. And the biological filter showed a high performance to remove toluene without lignin oxidase involved. The Trametes versicolor did not secrete lignin peroxidase (Lip), manganese peroxidase (Mnp) and laccase (Lac) at the same time in the biofilter system to purify toluene, and only secreted a small amount of Mnp and Lac enzymes. The full functioning enzymes and the degradable mechanism of Trametes versicolor purifying toluene needed be further studied. Under the optimal conditions, i.e. the GRT of 148.3 s and the ILR of 7.28 g/(m<sup>3</sup>·h), the maximum removal efficiency and the maximum elimination capacity of the system were found to be 92.4% and 6.73 g/(m<sup>3</sup>·h), respectively. For the EBRT of 37.1 s, the best performance was observed at the ILR of 58.25 g/(m<sup>3</sup>·h), while the maximum elimination capacity was 47.07 g/(m<sup>3</sup>·h) and the removal efficiency was above 80%. The desired result attributes to the fungal structure and the growth of mycelium. The fungal structure and aerial mycelium have huge specific surface area which there by can adsorb a mass of gaseous toluene to increase the mass transfer of hydrophobic VOCs from gaseous phase to bio-phase and improve the removal rate. In comparison, fungi have obvious advantages over bacteria in terms of removing hydrophobic volatile organic pollutants. Under test conditions, the biological filter system did not have obvious jam phenomenon and the pressure drop of biological filter system was less than 500 Pa, which indicated it also has a good economy. The results provide the basic data and the theoretical support for industrial application of biological filter method in VOCs treatment. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Toluene
Controlled terms:Aromatic compounds - Aromatic hydrocarbons - Biodegradation - Biofilters - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Degradation - Drops - Economics - Energy utilization - Enzymes - Filters (for fluids) - Fungi - Hydrophobicity - Investments - Lignin - Mass transfer - Microorganisms - Organic compounds - Organic pollutants - Pollution - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - Polysulfones - Pressure drop - Purification - Strain - Volatile organic compounds - Volcanic rocks
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorinated aromatics - Degradation mechanism - Elimination capacity - Low energy consumption - Maximum elimination capacities - Organic matter content - Removal efficiencies - Trametes versicolor
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 482.2 Minerals - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.24e+01%, Pressure 5.00e+02Pa, Time 3.71e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20173304046299
Title:Influence of hot-air drying condition on dehydrated potato flour gelatinization quality
Authors:Yin, Huimin (1, 2); Wu, Wenfu (1); Dou, Jianpeng (1); Cheng, Rongmin (3); Chen, Junyi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (3) College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Dou, Jianpeng(Doujp@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:293-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In early 2015, Ministry of Agriculture put forward the strategy that potato is classified as the fourth staple food and transferred into popular principal food suitable for dietary habit in China. Even though the China's potato production ranks the first in the world, the sustainable development of potato processing and consuming is still extremely restricted due to the following reasons: The percentage of potato deep processing remains low; the processing products of potato are single, and have low nutrition and add value; and the potato products as staple food suitable for our dietary habit are in lack. Potato flour is one of prime products in potato deep-processing, and hot air drying has been widely used in the drying for agricultural products because of its easy operation, low cost and simple requirements for environment, court and equipment. The potato gelatinization characteristics affect the reproducibility of dehydrated products of potato. The more highly gelatinized the potato, the worse the reprocessing property, and the more difficult the application of potato as China's principle cooking food. Therefore, it has an important significance to the research of the effects of the hot air drying conditions on the gelatinization characteristics, the drying technology of dehydrated potato products and China's strategy of potato as staple food. Based on thin-layer drying experiment, the paper researched the influence of different temperature (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 ℃), different air velocity (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m/s) and different dicing length of fresh-cut potato (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mm) on potato flour gelatinization quality. Microstructure and gelatinization quality of potato flour were analyzed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter, and the water-absorbing capacity was measured. The results showed that gelatinization enthalpy could represent the degree of potato gelatinization; the lower the gelatinization enthalpy, the lower the degree of gelatinization; the range of initial gelatinization temperature was 62.31-64.96 ℃, and the range of termination temperature was 70.16-74.19 ℃, which was higher than the gelatinization temperature of pure starch product; the starch was not completely gelatinized when drying under the temperature higher than gelatinization temperature; the samples dried under the air velocity of 0.5-2.5 m/s showed no significant difference in gelatinization enthalpy (P>0.05), while the gelatinization enthalpy of the samples dried under the air velocity of 3.5 m/s was significantly smaller than that under other air velocities; the enthalpy of potato flour decreased significantly with the increase in dicing length (P<0.05); ungelatinized samples showed no significant difference in water-absorbing capacity, and water-absorbing capacity was strengthened as the degree of gelatinization got higher; the gelatinization degree of potato dehydrated products was low when the hot air drying was under the temperature of 70 ℃, the air velocity of 1.0 m/s and the cutting length of 10 mm. This research can provide theoretical basis for the production of ungelatinized potato flours with hot air drying method. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Air - Differential scanning calorimetry - Enthalpy - Gelation - Microstructure - Nutrition - Quality control - Scanning electron microscopy - Solar dryers - Starch - Sustainable development - Thermal processing (foods) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Absorbing capacity - Degree of gelatinization - Dehydrated products - Differential scanning calorimeters - Gelatinization characteristics - Gelatinization temperature - Potato - Reproducibilities
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.50e-02m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.50e+00m/s, Velocity 3.50e+00m/s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s to 2.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20173304046286
Title:Dynamic change of net primary productivity during process of new artificial oasis expansion in Xinjiang based on remote sensing
Authors:Zhang, Fang (1, 2); Xiong, Heigang (2, 3); Feng, Juan (1, 2); Xu, Zhonglin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources & Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:194-200
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The impact of human activities on the global carbon cycle is one of the main concerns in the global climate change research. However, the mechanisms of the carbon cycle for the different regions, natural and human factors are very complex and different. Exploring the impact of human reclamation activities on the distribution pattern of net primary productivity (NPP) in arid oasis ecosystem will help to increase the understanding of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems and carbon cycle impacts in arid regions. This study aimed to investigate the change of NPP during the process of new artificial oasis expansion in Xinjiang based on the remote sensing data. June was selected as the optimal time for extracting vegetation cover types change information. Based on the long-term Landsat remote sensing data, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model was used to estimate the change of NPP during the expansion of Xinjiang Qitai artificial oasis from June 1976 to June 2016. The results showed that: 1) In 1976, the study area mainly was dominated by desert steppe, and the farmland was only 5 150 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 3.25% of the area. By 2016, the amount of farmland expanded to 64 675hm<sup>2</sup>, which increased by more than 11 times; 2) While the artificial oasis was expanding, spring overflow zone disappeared, the swampland and the reservoir dried up, which resulted in the decrease of shrub area from 17 871 hm<sup>2</sup>to 5 202 hm<sup>2</sup>; 3) Reclamation resulted in a significant decline in groundwater level, soil salinity development process was interrupted, and bare alkaline area was reduced from 58 859 hm<sup>2</sup>in 1976 to 17 803 hm<sup>2</sup>in 2016, which was reduced by nearly 70% and began to succession to the new grassland; 4) In June 1976, the unit area NPP of farmland was 68.6 g/m<sup>2</sup>, and the unit area NPP of farmland in June 2007 and June 2016 was over 90 g/m<sup>2</sup>. In the recent 40 years, the unit area NPP of grassland was fluctuated within the range of 30-40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, which was relatively stable; 5) In June 1976, the total NPP in the study area was 41 018 t, of which the contribution rate of farmland was only 8.62%. In June 2016, the total NPP of the study area reached to 90 602 t, which was 2.2 times higher than that in June 1976. The contribution rate of farmland to total NPP was 65.23%. In the same period, the net loss of shrub and swamp NPP was 8 265 t and 3 319 t, respectively; 6) Human activities were the decisive factors that influenced the distribution pattern of NPP in the study area. And NPP in 1976 were mainly composed of natural grassland and shrub, accounting for 56.68% and 26.61% respectively, NPP in 2016 was mainly composed of farmland and fresh grassland, accounting for 65.23% and 31.85%, respectively. In 1976, 66.93% of the shrubs, 75.58% of the swamps, 41.43% of the grassland, 23.86 % of the bare alkali land and 77.96% of the water bodies were evolved into farmland in 2016. The 43.62% of the grassland in 1976 was still grassland after 40 years, but was divided into fragments by the newly reclaimed farmland. Only 15.01% of the bare alkaline area in 1976 remained in 2016, while the rest came from degradation of grasslands, shrubs and swamps. In the recent 40 years, the original natural oasis landscape in the study area had been completely changed, and large areas of farmlands connected to each other become modern agriculture oasis that was suitable for large-scale agricultural machinery operations. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Climate change - Ecology - Ecosystems - Expansion - Groundwater - Photosynthesis - Phytoplankton - Reclamation - Remote sensing - Reservoirs (water) - Soils - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Carnegie-Ames-Stan-ford Approach (CASA) - Farmland - Grassland - Net primary productivity - Xinjiang
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.2 Groundwater - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+01yr, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.39e+01%, Percentage 2.66e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 3.25e+00%, Percentage 4.14e+01%, Percentage 4.36e+01%, Percentage 5.67e+01%, Percentage 6.52e+01%, Percentage 6.69e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.56e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 8.62e+00%, Surface_Density 3.00e-02kg/m2 to 4.00e-02kg/m2, Surface_Density 6.86e-02kg/m2, Surface_Density 9.00e-02kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20173304046281
Title:Simulating effects of winter rye cover on subsurface drainage and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss based on DRAINMOD-N II
Authors:Du, Xuan (1, 2, 3); Feng, Hao (1, 2, 4); Helmers, Matthew J (3); Qi, Zhiming (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institue of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China (IWSA), Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames; IA; 50011, United States; (4) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS&MWR, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC; H9X 3V9, Canada
Corresponding author:Feng, Hao(nercwsi@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:153-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Planting winter rye cover crop can reduce subsurface drainage and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss in corn-soybean rotation. Field data from Iowa was used to calibrate DRAINMON-N II and evaluate its applicability in cold regions in US. This study simulated the long-term (20 years) effects of winter rye cover crop on subsurface drainage and nitrogen dynamics using DRAINMOD-N II. Two treatments were set in Agricultural Drainage Water Quality-Research and Demonstration Site in Iowa. One treatment was with rye planting in winter (rye-maize-rye-soybean rotation) and the other was bare in winter (only maize-soybean). The experiments lasted for 5 years from 2005 to 2009. The drainage was collected and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N content in the drainage was measured. The DRAINMON-N II model was used for simulation of change in the drainage and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N content from 1990 to 2009. The results showed that the DRAINMON-N II model satisfactorily simulated subsurface drainage and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) larger than 0.65, percent bias (PBIAS) smaller than 25%, and ratio of root mean square error to standard deviation (RSR) not larger than 0.70. Flow-weighted average NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N concentration (FWANC) were simulated satisfactorily, with NSE larger than 0.50, PBIAS within 25%, and RSR not larger than 0.50. The errors between simulation and measurements of drainage and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss mainly reflected in March when temperature was low (average monthly temperature was -4.1<sup>o</sup>C), which may partially cause by drainage delay. Also the larger wind speed (4 m/s) which can take away 20% of snow could affect our estimates. These results suggested that DRAINMOD-N II had good applicability in Iowa and could simulate the long-term effect of winter rye cover crop on subsurface drainage and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss. Long-term simulations (1990-2009) indicated that adding winter rye cover crop could reduce drainage, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss and FWANC by 8.1% (2.5 cm), 16.6% (6 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, by N) and 8.6% (1 mg/L, by N), respectively. The amount of drainage was decreased year by year and the 5-yr dynamic decrement rates increased from 5% to 14%. The 5-yr dynamic NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N loss varied between 4.1 and 7.3 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, with a mean of 6.0 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The winter rye as a cover crop could increase evapotranspiration (ET) by 5.9% (2.6 cm), and the time period to plant cover crop also affected ET increase. When planting cover crops before soybean ET increased by 6.4%. Meanwhile, adding winter rye cover crop could increase plant uptake of nitrogen by 7.3% (10.1 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and nitrate fixation by 11.9% (11.3 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). Planting winter rye could reduce net mineralization by 6.1% (10.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>), but it was in disagreement with the existing experiments and simulations by the other researchers. These results indicated that there is still some debate about net mineralization response to adding winter rye cover crop. Further research is necessary to understand the simulated nitrogen transport and transformation mechanisms in soil. The field data is well matched with the calibrated model, showing that the DRAINMON-N II model could reliably simulate water and nitrogen movement in the soil. This model could simulate the effect of different cropland management practices on subsurface drainage and nitrogen dynamics to optimizing cropland management practice. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Nitrogen fixation
Controlled terms:Crops - Drainage - Evapotranspiration - Groundwater flow - Mean square error - Mineralogy - Nitrogen - Rotation - Water quality - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drainage water - Corn-soybean rotations - Cover crops - DRAINMON-N II - Long term simulation - Plant uptake of nitrogens - Root mean square errors - Simulations and measurements
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.2 Water Analysis - 482 Mineralogy - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+01yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Mass_Density 1.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 1.40e+01%, Percentage 6.40e+00%, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 2.60e-02m, Velocity 4.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20173304046284
Title:Design and experiment of motion controller for information collection platform in field with Beidou positioning
Authors:Ding, Youchun (1); Zhan, Peng (1); Zhou, Yawen (1); Yang, Junqiang (1); Zhang, Wenyu (1); Zhu, Kai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:178-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of precision agriculture technology, agricultural robots which improve efficiency and save labors for agriculture are used for information collection in field, instead of the traditional manual recording and observation. At home and abroad, most of navigation researches of walking platform meet the requirement of tracking precision. However, they mainly use RTK-DGPS (real time kinematics - differential GPS) positioning system, and it is so expensive that it restricts the large-scale promotion of automatic navigation of walking platform to some extent. Consequently, aiming at uniform speed and line tracking problem in complex field environment for information collection platform, a motion controller with transverse correction and longitudinal constant speed control was designed. This paper constructed motion control hardware system using information collection platform as the carrier, STM32F4 32-bit microcontroller was as the control center and multiple sensors were used for obtaining the vehicle status information, including 3D (three-dimensional) electronic compass, low precision Beidou module, rotary encoder and angle sensor. The working principle of the controller could be described as follows: Firstly, 2 points were chosen to determine tracking path. Then, the current position information and the heading angle of the platform in the field were obtained by Beidou module and electronic compass. They were used to calculate the lateral offset and course deviation, which were 2 inputs of fuzzy controller, and the output of fuzzy controller was got through designing control algorithm to control steering angle of front wheel. It ensured information collection platform to always track the goal line. Meanwhile, speed information of the platform was measured by the rotary encoder, which was the input of PID (proportion, integral, derivative) controller. It realized constant speed walking through speed feedback regulation. On the other hand, in order to improve the positioning precision of Beidou module, a method was presented, which was that 3 Beidou modules of low precision were placed in the way of an equilateral triangle, and average positioning data of 3 Beidou modules were obtained at the same time. Then, they were used as the final location data of the center point of the equilateral triangle, which took advantage of compensatory principle of random error to reduce the random error and improve the positioning precision of the Beidou module. By this way, the average positioning precision of the Beidou receiving module was increased from 2.06 to 1.50 m, and the dynamic positioning precision was improved to within 0.78 m. The speed tracking experiment was carried out in the field of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Experiment Site of Huazhong Agricultural University. The result showed that the control system could work steadily when the vehicle ran at the speed of 0.4 m/s; Proportion coefficient was 100, the differential coefficient was 40 and the integral coefficient was 50. The adjustment time was less than 3 s and the maximum error of speed was less than 7%. When running at the same speed, the initial lateral offset was set to 1.4, 2.0 and 2.5 m, the time required for stable tracking was 11, 15 and 25 s, respectively, and the maximum linear deviation after stabilization was all less than 0.31 m. The research of motion controller on information collection platform not only promotes acquisition ability of field information but also provides technical support for the efficient and intelligent operation of information collection platform in field. At the same time, it offers the possibility of greatly reducing cost in linear tracking, which is of benefit to the promotion of precision agriculture. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Control systems - Errors - Motion control - Navigation - Proportional control systems - Radio navigation - Robots - Signal encoding - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:3-D (three-dimensional) - Agricultural science and technologies - Differential coefficient - In-field - Line tracking - Motion controller - Positioning precision - Precision agriculture technology
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+00%, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.06e+00m to 1.50e+00m, Size 2.50e+00m, Size 3.10e-01m, Size 7.80e-01m, Time 1.50e+01s, Time 2.50e+01s, Time 3.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20173304046270
Title:Design and test of low-frequency Hartmann atomization nozzle with stepped resonance tube
Authors:Gao, Jianmin (1); Ma, Junlong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:66-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The droplet quality of hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomization nozzle is better than the ordinary two-phase nozzle. And the atomization amount is larger than the piezoelectric atomization nozzle. High-quality droplet and high atomization amount are both required in the field of aeroponics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle suitable for large-scale aeroponics. Based on the basic principle of the Hartmann resonator, in this study, the mechanism of ultrasonic vibration of resonant cavity and the atomization mechanism of resonant cavity supersonic nozzle were analyzed theoretically. The Hartmann low-frequency ultrasonic atomization nozzle with stepped resonator and adjustable structural parameters was designed, including the Laval tube, the stepped tube, and conical shield. The influence of the structural parameters on the resonant state of the resonator was studied by means of CFD software transient numerical simulation. In order to make the spraying angle controllable, active flow control was used in the atomizing area, namely, adding a conical shield at the exit of the nozzle. The oscillation characteristics of the stepped resonance tube were further studied parametrically by numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulation of three kinds of atomizing nozzles including cylindrical tube, stepped tube and stepped tube with conical shield was carried out. The parameters which were studied were as follows: the distance between Laval outlet and inlet of stepped tube, depth ratio of the second stepped hole and the first stepped hole, conical cover, diameter ratio of the second stepped hole and the first stepped hole. Numerical simulation results showed that: (1) If the depth ratio of the stepped tube exceeded 2, its resonance frequency reached 1.6 to 1.7 times of the cylindrical one under the same working parameters; (2) The conical shield can make the pressure oscillation amplitude in the cavity bigger; and (3) The diameter ratio of the stepped resonator had a great influence on the resonant state of the resonator. The variation of diameter ratio of the stepped resonator changed the resonant mode of the stepped resonator from one mode to another. It also can make the resonance phenomenon disappear. As such, the key dimensions of the stepped resonator were determined accordingly. And an optimal diameter ratio was selected for trial production. And the optimal distance between Laval tube outlet and the resonant inlet 5.5 mm were selected as the initial structural parameter values of the spray test. The droplet size of three kinds of atomizing nozzles was tested and the test of droplet size was carried out with distance between Laval tube outlet and the resonant inlet, depth ratio of the second stepped hole and the first stepped hole, and other factors as variables. Moreover, its atomization properties were tested contrastively under different conditions. Research results showed that: (1) Start-up properties of oscillation can be optimized due to the main frequency unaffected by the conical shield;(2) The diameter ratio of stepped resonance tube was a quite sensitive parameter influencing the resonance state. The variation of diameter ratio can make the resonance mode change from 'jet regurgitant mode' to 'jet scream mode' or make the oscillation disappear; (3) Atomization properties of Hartmann atomization nozzle with a stepped resonance tube was better than those of Hartmann atomization nozzle with a cylindrical one; (4) If the air supply pressure was low, the droplet size was more sensitive with the pressure after adding a conical shield, while the gap of the average droplet size between the nozzle with stepped tube and that with traditional tube was not obvious under the condition of high air supply pressure. The distance between the Laval tube exit and the resonance tube was another sensitive parameter influencing the droplet size. An optimal distance, where the minimum droplet size can be acquired, was 6.5 mm. The droplet diameter increased gradually no matter the distance was bigger or smaller than the optimal distance. However, the droplet diameter varied slightly with the distance near the optimal point. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Atomization - Cavity resonators - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Computer software - Drops - Fighter aircraft - Fluid dynamics - Hydrodynamics - Jets - Nozzle design - Nozzles - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Resonance - Resonators - Spraying - Testing - Tubes (components) - Ultrasonic effects - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Atomization mechanism - Low frequency ultrasonic - Low-frequency ultrasonic atomization nozzles - Numerical simulation method - Oscillation characteristics - Resonance tube - Transient numerical simulation - Ultrasonic atomization
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1.2 Military Aircraft - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.50e-03m, Size 6.50e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
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友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普