2017年3月第33卷第5期

2017年3月第33卷第5期

Accession number:20173003974408
Title:Nonlinear dynamics analysis for wind-induced vibration of orchard chain ropeway system
Authors:Li, Jun (1, 2); Xue, Kunpeng (1, 2); Yang, Zhou (1, 2); Hong, Tiansheng (1, 2); Zhang, Qianqian (1, 2); Xu, Jiancong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zhou(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:75-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of lateral wind excitation on the transversal vibration of orchard chain ropeway system. The proposed chain system has been proved to be flexible and efficient, which can meet the demands of cargo transportation in mountainous orchards. The axially moving chains always work in a non-steady state and inevitably produce periodic transversal vibrations. The wind excitation exerted on the moving chain makes the transversal vibrations more complex. The transversal vibrations affect the safety and reliability of the moving chain system, and even lead to a disaster with high-amplitude vibrations. It is necessary to find an effective method for reducing wind-induced vibrations to an acceptable level imposed by the boundary conditions. In this paper, the Hamilton principle was applied to develop the dynamic differential functions of one-span moving chain under the lateral wind excitation. Mean lift and drag coefficients were used to characterize the susceptibility of moving chain to the galloping effect since the wind velocity was not normal to the chain axis. Long-span chain system may be subjected to the vortex-induced vibration seriously. The differential equations of axially moving chain system were proposed and discretized, which were based on the force equilibrium considering the chain boundary conditions with polygon effect. The formulation of transversal vibration subjected to the wind excitation was valid for the entire range of chain speeds and all points of the chain span. The solution of the differential equation governing the motion of the moving chain was obtained by using the Crank-Nicolson method and fourth order Ronge-Kutta method. The accuracy of the solution depended on the taken number of terms for the wind-induced chains. The time-history of wind speed was simulated by using harmonic superposition method, and the vibration properties of the axially moving chain with different mean wind speeds were numerically simulated. An experiment set-up was built for wind excitation test and 2 high speed cameras were used to capture the transversal vibration of the moving chain system. The LabWindows/CVI program was designed to process the captured vibration images. The wind speeds were simultaneously measured under different wind excitations generated by the experiment set-up. The wind speed profiles of mean wind speed with additional turbulence components were adopted. The turbulence component could be treated as a stationary random process with a mean value of zero. The equations describing the wind in the atmospheric boundary layer were represented by the proposed wind profile. The results of simulations and experiments showed that the lower mean wind speed could result in the decreasing of the amplitude of transversal vibration, which had a good aerodynamic stability for the moving chain system. At very high mean wind speeds, the negative damping effect would be exerted on the moving chain and cause the vibration to have considerable divergence and instability. This finding is useful for the development of active wind-induced vibration controller considering the chain polygon effect. This study can provide a reference for the transversal vibration control of the axially moving chain or string system under the lateral wind excitation. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Aerodynamic stability - Agricultural machinery - Atmospheric boundary layer - Atmospheric thermodynamics - Boundary conditions - Chains - Differential equations - Equations of motion - Farms - Models - Orchards - Random processes - Speed - Transportation - Turbulence - Vibration control - Vibrations (mechanical) - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:High-amplitude vibrations - Lift and drag coefficients - Numerical solution - Stationary random process - Transversal vibration - Vortex induced vibration - Wind excitation - Wind induced vibrations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 651 Aerodynamics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.2 Calculus - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974415
Title:Construction and validation of combination model of topography-adjusted vegetation index based on band-ratio model
Authors:Jiang, Hong (1); He, Guojin (2); Huang, Haiming (1); Cao, Xiaojie (1, 2); Wang, Xiaoqin (1); Zhang, Zhaoming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Centre of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of MOE, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:156-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A novel combination model of topography-adjusted vegetation index (TAVI) was developed based on the band-ratio model and spectral feature of land covers in a rugged terrain to reduce the topographic effect. Firstly, the topographic correction strategies in rugged terrain were introduced, including the traditional empirical statistical model based on digital elevation model (DEM), terrain radiative transfer model combined with DEM and band-ratio model. With the support of terrain radiative transfer model basic principle, the concept model of TAVI was proposed to eliminate the topographic effect. Secondly, the operational land imager (OLI) 7 bands of Landsat 8 on December 13th, 2014, in a sample within research area in Fuzhou city, China were illustrated. Meanwhile, the spectral features of 5 major land covers in the sample were also analyzed, such as the cement road, water, vegetation in flat, vegetation in shady slope and vegetation in sunny slope. After the illustration and analysis, the OLI red and near-infrared wavebands were selected to develop a new TAVI combination model. Thirdly, a novel shady vegetation index (SVI) was developed based on the band-ratio model and the physical feature of red band. The ratio vegetation index (RVI), as the basic band-ratio model, was selected to form the novel combination model of TAVI integrating with the SVI. Fourthly, the TAVI of research area was computed with the newly proposed combination model and the topographic adjustment coefficient optimization algorithm that is depended on the balance between the maximal TAVI values in shady and sunny slopes in rugged terrains. Then, three validation methods were adopted to verify the correction effect of new TAVI combination model, including the visual examination, statistics analysis and vegetation indices difference analysis. The statistics analysis were the comparisons the correlation coefficient and the inclination between the cosine of solar incidence and vegetation indices, including the TAVI calculated from the apparent reflectance directly, RVI and normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) computed from the correction models. These correction models include the atmospheric correction with the fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes (FLAASH) model in ENVI software, topographic correction with C-model based on the DEM and the correction with the second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum (6S) model combined with DEM. The verification results showed that the novel combination of TAVI achieved similar correction effect to that from the NDVI after the correction with 6S model combined with DEM, which achieved the best corrected result in these correction models. The correlation coefficient between the cosine of solar incidence and TAVI decreased to 0.075, while the inclination of the linear regression equation between them reduced to 0.035. These numbers showed that the topographic effect was successfully eliminated by TAVI. In summary, the novel combination model of TAVI, even without the DEM support, could achieve satisfactory result in elimination of topographic effect in rugged terrain, which amounts to nearly the same effect of atmospheric+topographic corrections. Therefore, the novel model of TAVI can be utilized to monitor vegetation information and retrieve bio-physical parameters in rugged terrains, while the topographic adjustment coefficient needs to be improved from the empirical method to physical or semi-physical model in the next step. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:C (programming language) - Computer software - Forestry - Landforms - Optimization - Radiative transfer - Spectrum analysis - Surveying - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Combinational algorithm - Correlation coefficient - Linear regression equation - Operational land imager - Radiative transfer model - Ratio vegetation indices - Topographic effects - Vegetation index
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 481.1 Geology - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974402
Title:Design of multi-point mooring system for offshore aquaculture platform based on dynamic analysis
Authors:Wang, Shaomin (1); Liu, Haiyang (1); Guo, Genxi (1); Tao, Qiyou (1); Huang, Xiaohua (1); Hu, Yu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangdong Cage Engineering Research Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou; 510300, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Genxi(scsggx@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:217-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As one of deep water aquaculture management facilities, the breeding barge needs to regulate the location on sea surface for daily use. The mooring system is one of the most important factors which affect both the location and the security of the breeding barge. Taking a offshore aquaculture platform with small size and shallow draft that is moored in around 10 m water depth as an example, a multi-point mooring system is designed under 3 limitations. The coupled numerical simulation of the offshore aquaculture platform and mooring system is performed by using the three-dimensional potential flow theory and the nonlinear time-domain analysis method based on full quadratic transfer functions (QTF) method. By solving the QTF of the coupled barge and mooring system, the 2ndorder wave forces are obtained with consideration of the shallow water effect. Two mooring systems, a single chain catenary mooring system and a taut mooring system with single fiber rope, are used to carry out the further numerical simulation and the investigation is performed using the commercial software OrcaFlex. The results show that neither of the 2 systems can meet the mooring requirement for the offshore aquaculture platform in shallow water near reefs. For the catenary mooring system with 55 m mooring radius and 60 m anchor leg made by steel chain, the maximum tension of the anchor leg is 233.5 kN, and the displacement of the breeding barge is 6.856 m. Whereas, for the taut mooring system with 95 m mooring radius and 91 m anchor leg made by fiber rope, the calculated pretention is 86 kN, which is too large to meet the requirement, and the uplift force of the anchor that is not eliminated is 11.4 kN. The optimization space of the 2 kinds of mooring systems is very small due to the design limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a new mooring mode by using the chain connected with fiber rope as the mooring legs, instead of single material. With the fixed mooring radius of length of 95 m, the varied pretension of the mooring system will be achieved by changing the length of the fiber rope from 76 to 80 m. The redesigned multi-point mooring system with 1×6 arrangement mode can uniformly distribute the environment loads. It finds out that the mooring system with a 95 m anchor leg that is composed of 15 m chain and 80 m fiber rope can meet the mooring requirement of the offshore aquaculture platform well in the case of 95 m mooring radius, and this kind of case is also investigated by using the commercial software OrcaFlex. The maximum displacement of the breeding barge is 1.55 m, and the maximum tension of the mooring leg is 53.914 kN, resulting in a safety factor of 3.227. And the pretension is 15.4 kN, which meets the requirement. Finally, 7 schemes, in which different masses of concrete blocks are added at different positions of the redesigned multi-point mooring system, are calculated to test the effect of the traditional approach of hanging concrete blocks with small mass (about 15 kg per block) on the mooring stiffness. The results show that the closer to the anchor chain the clump weights, the longer the chain length and the larger the maximum tension. However, it has little effect on the mooring stiffness, whereas leading to the increased pretension which may cause fatigue damage of the mooring legs and barge structure. Therefore, it is not recommended to add clump masses on the mooring system. The effect of shallow water on the mooring safety and the 6 degrees of freedom motion responses of the breeding barge still need to be further studied. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Mooring
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Barges - Chains - Computer simulation - Computer software - Concretes - Design - Fatigue damage - Fibers - Mooring cables - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Overhead lines - Potential flow - Rope - Safety factor - Steel fibers - Stiffness - Time domain analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture management - Coupled numerical simulation - Maximum displacement - Mooring system - Potential-flow theory - Quadratic transfer functions - Three dimensional potential flow theory - Traditional approaches
Classification code:412 Concrete - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 706.2 Electric Power Lines and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 819.4 Fiber Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.14e+04N, Force 1.54e+04N, Force 2.34e+05N, Force 5.39e+04N, Force 8.60e+04N, Mass 1.50e+01kg, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.50e+01m, Size 1.55e+00m, Size 5.50e+01m, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 6.86e+00m, Size 7.60e+01m to 8.00e+01m, Size 8.00e+01m, Size 9.10e+01m, Size 9.50e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974383
Title:Effects of black plastic film mulching on soil temperature and humidity in root zone and photosynthetic characteristics of rainfed maize
Authors:Lu, Haidong (1); Xue, Jiquan (1); Guo, Dongwei (1); Hao, Yinchuan (1); Chen, Pengfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Jiquan(xjq2934@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:129-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Improving soil environmental conditions may help maximize crop productivity while delaying the senescence of maize. Plastic film mulching has been used for soil moisture conservation, and it is now becoming a well-evolved high yield technique for agriculture in rainfed dry land. This study included 3 treatments: black plastic film mulching (BFM), white plastic film mulching (WFM), and bare land without plastic film mulching (BL). The aims of this study were to investigate the changes of soil temperature and water content under different treatments in a dry and semiarid area, and the effects of black plastic film mulching on yield, yield components and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.). Maize (Shandan 609) was planted in 2012 and 2013 at the dryland maize experimental field of the Northwest A&F University, in the northwestern China (34°59'N, 107°38'E). Soil temperature at 5, 10 and 15 cm depth was measured and soil moisture at 0-200 cm was determined for water storage calculation based on water balance equation. In addition, measurements also included net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency of leaf, electron transport rate, quantum yield, photochemical quenching coefficient of photo-system II, relative green leaf area at maturity, cholorophyll content at maturity, mean and maximum senescence rate. The results showed that the daily soil temperature was the highest for the WFM among the 3 treatments. The BFM also could increase soil temperature but the effect was lower than the WFM. The maximum daily soil temperature of the BFM was 2.3, 1.2 and 1.6℃ lower than that of the WFM in 2012 and 1.8, 0.8 and 1.0℃ in 2013, respectively (P<0.05). The minimum daily soil temperature was not significantly different between the mulching treatments (P>0.05). In 0-140 cm, the water storage was not significantly different between the mulching treatments (P>0.05), both significantly higher than the BL (P<0.05). The mulching treatments could increase the photosynthetic characteristics and the effect was the best in the BFM, especially after the silking stage. Leaf senescence of maize after the silking stage in the WFM and BL treatment appeared earlier than the BFM. The occurrence time of leaf senescence of BFM was delayed, and its leaf senescence rate after the silking stage was significantly lower than BL. The chlorophyll content of leaf at maturity in the BFM was significantly 11.7% and 45.5% higher than the WFM and BL, respectively. The photosynthetic ability of maize in black plastic film mulching treatment was high. The water consumption of the BFM and WFM was significantly lower than the BL. The water use efficiency of the former was significantly higher than the latter. Among the treatments, the yield was the highest in the BFM (P<0.05). The yield of maize in the black plastic film mulching treatment was increased by 10.4% and 22.1% than white plastic film mulching treatment and bare land treatment, respectively. Therefore, black plastic film mulching could delay leaf senescence of maize after the silking stage and increase yield in rainfed farming area. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Forestry - Grain (agricultural product) - Land reclamation - Moisture - Moisture control - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany) - Plastic films - Quantum chemistry - Soil moisture - Soils - Temperature - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Electron transport rate - Environmental conditions - Maize - Net photosynthetic rate - Photochemical quenching - Photosynthetic characteristics - Water balance equation - Yield
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 2.21e+01%, Percentage 4.55e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.40e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974395
Title:Effect of controlled irrigation and drainage on saving water and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy field under alternate drought and flooding condition
Authors:Gao, Shikai (1, 2); Yu, Shuang'en (1, 2); Wang, Mei (1, 2); Cao, Ruizhe (1, 2); Guo, Rong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Shuang'en(seyu@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:122-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Attempts to reduce the nutrient losses in drainage water have led to the promotion of controlled irrigation and drainage. Under the controlled irrigation and drainage condition, alternate drought and flooding condition (drought then flooding (HZL) and flooding then drought (LZH)) often occur. It is unclear about the change of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in paddy water affected by controlled irrigation and drainage under the alternate stress. Therefore, this study based on farmland water depth as the control index aimed to investigate dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in underground water and surface water of paddy field under the controlled irrigation and drainage in the HZL and LZH condition. Moreover, the effect of controlled irrigation and drainage on the discharge-reducing and water saving was studied. The experiments were conducted in specially designed experimental pits in Jiangning Water-saving Experiment Station at the Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanjing (31°86'N, 118°60'E) during the rice growing season of 2015 (May to October). Eight controlled irrigation and drainage treatments were designed for the experiment. For the HZL treatments, rice experienced the drought stress at first, and when the field water depth dropped to the lower limit (-500 mm) the irrigation water was added with an auto-irrigation system until the upper limit of water depth (200 mm at the tillering stage and 250 mm at the other stages) was reached. For the LZH treatments, rice experienced the flooding stress at first, and then irrigation water was immediately added to the upper limit of water depth (200 mm at tillering stage and 250 mm at the other stages); the field surface water was then drained and the field water depth dropped to the lower limit (-500 mm). The controlled irrigation was considered as the control with irrigation lower limit of -200 mm and the upper limit of 20 mm for the tillering stage and 50 mm for the other stages. Ammonia N (NH<inf>4</inf>+-N), nitrate N (NO<inf>3</inf>--N), and total phosphorus (TP) in the water samples were analyzed. The results showed that when the HZL treatments had higher NH<inf>4</inf>+-N, NO<inf>3</inf>--N and TP concentration during the earlier period of flooding, therefore, the surface and underground drainage should be noticed. Extending the flooding days could decrease nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the controlled irrigation and drainage. The NH<inf>4</inf>+-N was the major form of N in the surface drainage and percolation water. The TP concentration in the surface water followed a decreasing trend during the flooding. Compared to the controlled irrigation, under the controlled irrigation and drainage, the irrigation amount was reduced by 7.4%-18.5%, the drainage amount was reduced by 23.0%-43.5%, the NH<inf>4</inf>+-N load was reduced by 18.5%-54.5%, the NO<inf>3</inf>--N load was reduced by 16.8%-57.7% and the TP load was reduced by 34.2%-58.3%. Meanwhile, most of the controlled irrigation and drainage treatments could keep high rice grain yield. In sum, the controlled irrigation and drainage could achieve a positive effect on grain yield, water saving and N-P loss reduction at the jointing-booting stage and heading and flowering stage. Therefore, the controlled irrigation and drainage technology has a good effect on water saving and N and P loss reduction and provides a guide for the irrigation and drainage. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Drought - Farms - Floods - Grain (agricultural product) - Groundwater - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Soil moisture - Solvents - Surface waters - Water - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled irrigations - Irrigation systems - Ministry of Education - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Nitrogen and phosphorus loss - Rice - Underground drainage - Water depth
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.68e+01% to 5.77e+01%, Percentage 1.85e+01% to 5.45e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01% to 4.35e+01%, Percentage 3.42e+01% to 5.83e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+00% to 1.85e+01%, Size -2.00e-01m, Size -5.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974407
Title:CARS-ABC-SVR model for predicting leaf moisture of leaf-used lettuce based on hyperspectral
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Cong, Sunli (1); Mao, Hanping (2); Wu, Xiaohong (1); Zhang, Xiaodong (2); Wang, Pei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:178-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to realize more reasonably irrigation management during the growth of leaf -used lettuce, a new method for accurately, rapidly and effectively detecting leaf-used lettuce moisture based on hyperspectral technology was investigated in this study. Leaf-used lettuces of 5 different water stress levels were adopted as experimental objects. In the first group, sufficient water irrigation was maintained during the growth period of leaf-used lettuces, and the amount of water irrigated in the second, third, fourth and fifth groups decreased in turn according to the gradient. Firstly, hyperspectral images of leaf-used lettuce samples were acquired by using the hyperspectral image acquisition system, then the water contents of all leaves were measured by the drying method and the dry-basis moisture content was calculated according to formula. Secondly, the hyperspectral data was extracted from the images by selecting the region of interest (ROI) in the ENVI software. Thirdly, a method for data pretreatment, Savitzky-Golay (SG) combined with the standard normalized variable (SNV), was applied for smoothing and denoising of the original hyperspectral data. Fourthly, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm was used to extract the characteristic wavelengths ranged from 965 nm to 1666 nm of leaf-used lettuce samples, simultaneously the effect of CARS algorithm was compared with that of the stepwise regression (SR) analysis and the successive projections algorithm (SPA) in order to determine the optimal method for characteristic wavelength selection. Finally, the support vector regression (SVR) machine was respectively carried out to establish the relationship models between full spectral data, three kinds of characteristic spectral data and dry-basis moisture content of leaf-used lettuce samples. And the performances of all the models were evaluated by the index of determination coefficient for calibration set (R<inf>c</inf>2), root mean square error for calibration set (RMSEC), determination coefficient for prediction set (R<inf>P</inf>2) and root mean square error for prediction set (RMSEP). The results showed that CARS-SVR model performed better than the other model with full-SVR, SR-SVR or SPA-SVR, selecting the optimal wavelength combination (973, 993, 997, 1 050, 1 140, 1 181, 1 184, 1 188, 1 191, 1 198, 1 237, 1 240, 1 243, 1 259, 1 263, 1 285, 1 310, 1 336, 1 348, 1 354, 1 376, 1 389, 1 392, 1 395, 1 408, 1 414, 1 601, 1 662 nm), and achieving the highest accuracy with R<inf>c</inf>2= 0.917 2, RMSEC = 2.33%, R<inf>P</inf>2= 0.859 9 and RMSEP = 3.95%. Whereas, the prediction accuracy of CARS-SVR model were not achieved the desired effect. For improving the prediction accuracy of SVR model, the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm was further introduced to intelligently optimize the parameters (c and g) in the SVR model to find the optimum, then the model on the basis of CARS characteristic data was reconstructed. Consequently, the optimised model, CARS-ABC-SVR, achieved the R<inf>c</inf>2of 0.942 7, RMSEC of 1.60%, R<inf>P</inf>2of 0.921 4 and RMSEP of 2.95%, which was indeed improved significantly and proved that the method of selecting characteristic wavelengths by CARS algorithm combined with optimizing the parameters in SVR model by ABC algorithm can extremely raise the performance of prediction model for the moisture content of leaves. Hence, the method of hyperspectral technology combined with the CARS-ABC-SVR model is feasible for detecting the moisture content of leaf-used lettuces, also hopefully providing a new method and thought for water detection of other crops. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Calibration - Coherent scattering - Evolutionary algorithms - Forecasting - Independent component analysis - Irrigation - Mean square error - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization - Plants (botany) - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial bee colony algorithms - Artificial bee colony algorithms (ABC) - HyperSpectral - Leaf-used lettuce - Sampling algorithm - Successive projections algorithms (SPA) - Support vector regression (SVR) - The region of interest (ROI)
Classification code:711 Electromagnetic Waves - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+00%, Percentage 2.33e+00%, Percentage 2.95e+00%, Percentage 3.95e+00%, Size 1.66e-06m, Size 9.65e-07m to 1.67e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974418
Title:Four-terminal configuration enhancing estimation efficiency of root biomass by electrical capacitance method
Authors:Zhang, Zheng (1); Liu, Guobin (1, 2); Li, Qiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin; 719000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Guobin(gbliu@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:185-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Validity measurement of electrical capacitance across a root system is the precondition for using electrical capacitance method to estimate root biomass. When using two-terminal configuration to measure root electrical capacitance, the parasitic electrode contact effect would affect validity measurement of electrical capacitance. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the validity of root electrical capacitance by four-terminal configuration compared with two-terminal configuration to measure root biomass. Maize (Zea mays) were grown in pots containing a loessial soil. Each pot contained one individual and its root system was measured under electrode configuration of two-terminal and four-terminal. The measurements were conducted at stage of jointing, tasseling and maturity of maize, respectively. A total of 5 plants were measured for each stage. Electrical capacitance of the root system was determined using a portable alternating current (AC) digital capacitance bridge (MT-4080A) with a pure sine wave excitation at a frequency of 1 kHz. Home-made stainless, low resistance electrode (5 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter), which was sharpened at one end and pushed into the soil vertically, was used to connect root system and capacitance bridge. Before each measurement, the relative soil moisture of pots was controlled to 25%-30%, 55%-60% and 85%-90%, respectively. Soil water content of pots was measured and controlled by TDR-300 combined with the weighing method. In measurements under two-terminal configuration, one electrode was inserted through the center of the stem about 1 cm from crown, and the other one was inserted into the soil about 5 cm from the base. Compared with the two-terminal configuration, the four-terminal configuration used a further 2 electrodes which were placed above the stem electrode and further from the base. After measurement of each pot, the roots were harvested and the biomas was determined. The results showed that soil water content had an evident effect on electrode contact effect. The electrode contact effect was presented and root electrical capacitance of maize measured by the two-terminal configuration was smaller than the four-terminal configuration. The electrode contact effect increased with the decrease in soil water content and it was the most obvious at the relative soil moisture of 25%-30%. In detail, compared with the two-terminal configuration, the root electrical capacitance determined by the four-terminal configuration increased by 1.04, 0.21 and 0.04 times at relative soil moisture of 25%-30%, 55%-60% and 85%-90%, respectively. Additionally, the validity of root electrical capacitance characterizing root biomass was similar under two configurations at the relative soil moisture of 85%-90% (two-terminal configuration: R2=0.63, P<0.05; four-terminal configuration: R2=0.66, P< 0.05). However, compared with the four-terminal configuration, the validity of root electrical capacitance characterizing root biomass under the two-terminal configuration declined sharply when soil water decreased, and it was most pronounced at the relative soil moisture of 25%-30% (R2decreased from 0.59 to 0.37, P<0.05). In conclusion, compared with the two-terminal configuration, the validity of root electrical capacitance characterizing root biomass under the four-terminal configuration was better when soil water content was lower. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Electric variables measurement
Controlled terms:Biomass - Capacitance - Electric impedance measurement - Electrodes - Grain (agricultural product) - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Soils - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Electrical capacitance - Electrode contacts - Four-terminal configuration - Roots - Two terminals
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+03Hz, Percentage 2.50e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974391
Title:Gray relation degree and constitutive modeling of chemo-mechanical properties for soybean seed
Authors:Zhang, Tao (1); Zhang, Fengwei (2); Sun, Wei (2); Sun, Bugong (2); Wang, Ting (3); Wu, Jianmin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jianmin(wujm@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:264-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The chemical composition of soybean seeds has an important effect on the mechanical properties, and there is an inevitable connection between them. In order to study the mechanical properties of soybean seed under different loading types, and to explore the relationship between chemical composition and mechanical properties of soybean seed, 11 kinds of soybeans were selected as research material with the moisture content of 8.65%, and the chemical components test, the needle inserting test, the shear test and the compression test were carried out. Depending on the outline structure of soybean seed, compression types included flat placing, side placing, stand placing, and shear types included horizontal and vertical. The experiment was carried out in Gansu Agricultural University from March to July in 2016. Gray relation degree method was used to study the relationship of the 2 types of indices, chemical indices were set as the reference sequence, mechanical parameters were set as the comparison sequence, and the correlation degree and correlation order were analyzed with DPS software. With the support of Abaqus software, soybean seed constitutive modeling was set up, which defined the structure and properties by using the finite element software, and 3 types of compression test processes were simulated. The validity of the constitutive model was verified by comparing the simulation curve and the testing curve. Through mechanical test and compression simulation of soybean seed, the results indicated that the hardness of soybean seed was between 18.39 and 52.58 N/mm, the crippling strength of soybean seed was between 3.65 and 15.32 MPa, the ultimate shear force of soybean seed was between 12.70 and 52.33 N, and the variety had a highly significant effect on its mechanical properties (P<0.01). The resistance shear capacity of the virtical axis was significantly higher than the horizontal axis, and the ability of resisting damage from higher to lower was flat placing, side placing, and stand placing. Different compression types and shear directions had highly significant influence on the crippling strength and ultimate shear force (P<0.01). Force-deformation curves from the test fitted the simulation quite well, and the maximum deviation of flat placing, side placing and stand placing were 12.24%, 6.96%, and 9.55% respectively, which meant that the soybean seed constitutive modeling could reflect the crushing features. Through the chemical composition determination test, the results showed that crude protein and crude fat were the main chemical composition of soybean seed, and the average values of their mass fractions were 40.84% and 20.23% respectively. The contents of chemical components in different varieties were significantly different (P<0.01). The gray relation analysis indicated that in mechanical indices, hardness and contact stiffness were most closely related to the chemical content, the related degree of hardness with crude protein content, crude fat content, crude starch content and crude cellulose content was 0.309 4, 0.327 8, 0.171 9 and 0.191 8 respectively, and the related degree of contact stiffness with crude protein content, crude fat content, crude starch content and crude fiber content was 0.220 6, 0.283 7, 0.186 9 and 0.133 4 respectively. The crude protein content and crude fat content of soybean seed had a significant influence on hardness and contact stiffness, and the influence of crude starch content and crude cellulose content was lighter. Therefore the result has a great application potential in soybean seed storage and processing industry, and especially can offer a new method and basic for quality prediction and variety identification. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Cellulose - Chemical analysis - Chemical properties - Compression testing - Compressive strength - Constitutive models - Crops - Grain (agricultural product) - Hardness - Mechanical properties - Models - Proteins - Shear flow - Software testing - Starch - Stiffness - Structure (composition)
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical compositions - Finite element software - Force - deformation curves - Gray relation analysis - Gray relation degree - Soybean seeds - Structure and properties - Variety identification
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.27e+01N to 5.23e+01N, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+01%, Percentage 4.08e+01%, Percentage 6.96e+00%, Percentage 8.65e+00%, Percentage 9.55e+00%, Pressure 3.65e+06Pa to 1.53e+07Pa, Surface_Tension 1.84e-02N*m to 5.26e-02N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974404
Title:Structure design and experiment of knee joint of hydraulic driven lower-limb power-assistance exoskeleton robot
Authors:Jin, Xinglai (1); Zhu, Shiqiang (1); Zhang, Xuequn (1); Zhu, Xiaocong (1); Pan, Zhongqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310027, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Shiqiang(sqzhu@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:26-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a kind of typical human-machine interaction robot, the powered lower-limb exoskeleton driven by hydraulics can augment wearer's power while following wearer. This kind of exoskeleton has a broad application in military field, rescue occasions, and so on, however, there are still many technical difficulties which need to be studied, such as structure optimization. There are 3 kinds of design concepts among the exoskeleton structure design. To guarantee the flexibility and decrease the dead weight of exoskeleton, quasi-anthropomorphic design was adopted, which means the lower-limb exoskeleton is similar to leg but does not need one-to-one match. According to quasi-anthropomorphic design rule, 7 degrees of freedom for single leg were set to satisfy the freedom need of wearer. Among these 7 degrees of freedom, only 2 degrees are active which are located in sagittal plane of knee joint and hip joint. During designing the active freedom of knee joint, the core parameters are the size of hydraulic cylinder and the torque which can be produced. So it is significant to study a method which can lead to a minor size of hydraulic cylinder while producing the same torque. To optimize the structure of knee joint and its hydraulic system, the computer aided design (CAD) method and the numerical calculation method were adopted to design the structure of the hydraulic cylinder and its installation position. According to the schematic diagram of structure, the relationship of torque, arm of force, and installation position was built. Design indicators were obtained through analyzing the clinical gait analysis (CGA) data, which was widely used in lower-limb exoskeleton research. To find out the optimized parameter, MATLAB was used to present graphics which depicted the nonlinear relationship which was built before. According to the optimization method, the hydraulic driven knee joint of the lower limb exoskeleton was designed and assembled. During the normal walking phase, there are 2 kinds of torques in knee joint, which contain flexure torque and extension torque. Flexure torque is used to bend shank to avoid the collision of foot and floor while extension torque is used to extend shank to drive the body forward. The both kinds of torques are also important for a person to walk. So simulations were designed to compare the torque produced by hydraulic driven knee joint and the torque needed in normal walking which was got through CGA data. The simulation found that the designed hydraulic driven knee joint could meet the torque demand. Meanwhile, the comparison experiments were also designed and implemented. Hydraulic driven knee joint was driven to follow the motion of wearer in 2 conditions. In the first condition, the wearer just needed to bear the exoskeleton's own weight, which was about 10 kg. In the second condition, another 10 kg load was added on the exoskeleton. It should be noted that all load was transferred to the ground through lower-limb exoskeleton, which meant the added load wouldn't add other burden to wearer. This is the work mechanism of powered lower-limb exoskeleton. In the comparison experiments, the wearer was demanded to move a similar trajectory while it was impossible to move the same trajectory. Experiments showed that the average error was decreased by 0.05% while the maximum error was increased by 20.7%. Considering the load was increased by 100% and the motion range was large, these results clear demonstrated how the designed hydraulic driven knee joint satisfied the demand of walking with load. In conclusion, a method is proposed to fulfill the optimization of the knee joint structure of the hydraulic driven lower-limb exoskeleton, and it can obviously instruct other joint design of exoskeleton which is driven by linear actuator such as linear motor and electric cylinder. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Joints (anatomy)
Controlled terms:Anthropomorphic robots - Computer aided design - Computer simulation - Cylinders (shapes) - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Design - Digital storage - Exoskeleton (Robotics) - Gait analysis - Human robot interaction - Hydraulic actuators - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Linear actuators - Linear motors - Loads (forces) - Machine design - MATLAB - Mechanical actuators - Mechanics - Numerical methods - Optimization - Robotic arms - Robots - Schematic diagrams - Shape optimization - Structural design - Structural optimization - Torque
Uncontrolled terms:Anthropomorphic design - Human machine interaction - Knee joint - Non-linear relationships - Numerical calculation methods - Quasi- anthropomorphic - Structure optimization - Technical difficulties
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 705.3 Electric Motors - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.5 Robotics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e+01kg, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.07e+01%, Percentage 5.00e-02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974394
Title:Design and performance experiment of opener based on bionic sailfish head curve
Authors:Zhao, Shuhong (1); Liu, Hongjun (1); Tan, Hewen (1); Cao, Xiuzhen (1); Zhang, Xianmin (1); Yang, Yueqian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Yueqian(yangyueqian@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:32-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to reduce working resistance of seeding opener and soil disturbance, the opener based on bionic sailfish head curve was designed. The two-dimensional (2D) drafting software of CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) is used for getting the sailfish head profile curve. The head profile curve segments of sailfish is obtained based on the relative positional coordinates of points. Using the agronomic requirements and the parameters of the head profile curve segments of sailfish determine the structural parameters of opener. The main structure parameters of the opener are penetration angle of 30° and penetration clearance angle of 6°. Due to the interaction of the soil and the opener during movement is a complex process, the discrete element simulation from microscopic point of view is performed to study the interaction between the opener and the soil. The discrete element model of soil is established. In order to ensure the accuracy of test data, the related parameters are calibrated. Soil resistance is influenced by working depth and soil moisture content. At the same time, the relationship between working depth and soil disturbance is obtained. The software of EDEM (enhanced discrete element method) is used for the simulation analysis of working resistance and soil disturbance of the opener. Soil moisture content is 12%±1%, 16%±1%, and 20%±1%, working depth is 30, 60, and 90 mm, respectively, and forward speed of the opener is 0.5 m/s. Under these working conditions, the working resistance of the opener and its disturbance to soil are studied. Simulation results show that the working resistance of the opener increases with the increasing of soil moisture content, and also increases with the increasing of ditching depth, the horizontal resistance is between 19.70 and 74.60 N, the vertical resistance is between 9.37 and 26.90 N, the width of the disturbance in the opener is between 140 and 200 mm, and the soil returning depth is between 19 and 80 mm. In order to prove the credibility of the simulation results of the EDEM and the rationality of the opener, the experiments are carried out in the agricultural soil test laboratory of the northeast agricultural university. Simulation of work resistance and test results showed that the trend of change in work resistance was roughly the same, the relative error were between 5.04% and 27.08%. Compared with the experimental results, the simulation results were almost the same as the experimental results, and the difference of the ditching depth was between -2.5 and 0.67 mm, but the simulation results of the disturbance width were between 106.7 and 140 mm, smaller than the experimental results, which may be related to the larger particle size of the simulated particles. The trend was basically the same. The opener based on bionic sailfish head curve and the arc-type opener were selected for contrast experiment. The results showed that the performance of the opener based on bionic sailfish head curve was better than the arc-type opener. The research shows the feasibility of using the discrete element method to simulate opener's working resistance and soil disturbance, and provides a convenient method for the opener design. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Application programs - Bionics - Computer software - Design - Experiments - Finite difference method - Moisture - Moisture determination - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:Curve opener - Discrete element modeling - Discrete element simulation - Interactive applications - Larger particle sizes - Performance experiment - Simulation - Two Dimensional (2 D)
Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.97e+01N to 7.46e+01N, Force 9.37e+00N to 2.69e+01N, Percentage 5.04e+00% to 2.71e+01%, Size -2.50e-03m to 6.70e-04m, Size 1.07e-01m to 1.40e-01m, Size 1.40e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.90e-02m to 8.00e-02m, Size 9.00e-02m, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974413
Title:Remote sensing monitoring of wheat powdery mildew based on AdaBoost model combining mRMR algorithm
Authors:Ma, Huiqin (1, 2); Huang, Wenjiang (2); Jing, Yuanshu (1); Dong, Yingying (2); Zhang, Jingcheng (3); Nie, Chenwei (2); Tang, Cuicui (2, 4); Zhao, Jinling (4); Huang, Linsheng (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (3) College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (4) School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei; 230039, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Wenjiang(huangwj@radi.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:162-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat powdery mildew has become one of the most serious wheat diseases in China, so it is necessary for using modern remote sensing information technology to improve the monitoring ability of the disease for guiding disease prevention and ensuring Chinese grain production safety. Feature selection was one of the key issues for establishing inversion models, and the use of good feature selection method would make a direct impact on disease classification accuracy. In this study, the Landsat 8 remote sensing image was used to extract total eighteen characteristic variables. Then, we got two groups different features, and Wetness, land surface temperature (LST) and shortwave infrared water stress index (SIWSI) were obtained by correlation analysis (CA) algorithm, and Greenness, Wetness, LST, re-normalized difference vegetation index (RDVI) and simple ratio (SR) were obtained by minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) algorithm. The basic idea of AdaBoost method was through a certain category by using numbers of weak classification classifiers to get a strong classifier which has great classification ability for improving classification accuracy. It generally was used to solve the binary classification problem, and we reformed it to solve three classification problems through dichotomous dismantling way of one against all. Then, we used it and common classification method Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) and support vector machine (SVM) to monitor wheat powdery mildew occurrence severity (healthy, slight, severe) in western Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi province, China through two group features obtained by two different feature selection methods mentioned above. Model with mRMR algorithm combining AdaBoost method (mRMR-AdaBoost model) produced the highest Spearman relevance value (0.868) in six models. Moreover, the values of Somers'D, Goodman-Kruskal Gamma, and Kendal's Tau-c of mRMR-AdaBoost model were the highest than those of models with CA algorithm and models with mRMR algorithm which constructed by FLDA and SVM methods. It indicated that mRMR-AdaBoost model had a better performance than the other five models. The validation results showed that, the overall accuracies and the Kappa coefficient of AdaBoost models with CA and mRMR algorithms were 81.4%, 0.685 and 88.4%, 0.807, respectively, and they were higher by 27.9%, 27.9%, 14.0% and 9.3% than those of FLDA and SVM models with corresponding selection algorithms. The overall accuracies of FLDA, SVM and AdaBoost models with mRMR algorithm were higher by 7.0%, 11.7% and 7.0% than those of the corresponding methodological models with CA algorithm. Furthermore, mRMR-AdaBoost model had the lowest omission and commission error in all six models. Additionally, compared with the spatial distribution results of wheat powdery mildew severities which mapped by SVM and AdaBoost models and combined with surface survey results of wheat powdery mildew occurrence severity, the mapping results of mRMR-SVM model and two AdaBoost models were similar and close to ground survey results, and among them, the results of mRMR-AdaBoost model was the closest to ground reality than the others'. These results revealed that for remote sensing monitoring of crop disease, the application of AdaBoost method had a good prospect, and for feature variables selecting of crop disease monitoring model, the minimal redundancy maximal relevance algorithm had more advantages than CA algorithm. The study results can provide a method reference for monitoring of other crop diseases. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Adaptive boosting
Controlled terms:Crops - Discriminant analysis - Diseases - Feature extraction - Fungi - Image reconstruction - Image retrieval - Monitoring - Redundancy - Remote sensing - Support vector machines - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Binary classification problems - Feature selection methods - Fisher linear discriminant analysis - Minimum redundancy-maximum relevances - Normalized difference vegetation index - Omission and commission errors - Remote sensing information - Wheat
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 2.79e+01%, Percentage 6.85e-01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 8.14e+01%, Percentage 8.84e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974403
Title:Seepage rate function establishment and validation for trapezoidal canal based on dropping head ponding test
Authors:Chai, Chunling (1); Su, Yanna (1); Yang, Luhua (2); Liu, Hongquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300384, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:91-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Dropping head ponding test is a typical method for canal seepage measurement, particularly under variable canal capacities during irrigation. This study analyzed the limitations of traditional method for seepage rate calculation and proposed a new method based on dropping head ponding test (DHPT). Based on dropping head ponding test results and a standard method in Technical Code for Seepage Control Engineering on Canal, seepage rates were calculated, and a power function was established to describe the relationships between water-level and seepage rate. The standard calculation method had two inaccurate hypotheses. One was the linear variation of water-level dropping speed between a pair of contiguous measurements. However, water-level dropping speed slowed down while water level dropping down, and dropping speed change was obviously nonlinear in trapezoidal canals. The other hypothesis was the power functions that restricted regression precision. In addition, calculation error increased while measurement interval was prolonged, and it resulted in an integral error to the power functions. The new DHPT function was developed with 3 components in this study: the relationship between water level and its dropping speed, water surface width variation due to water level, and wetted width variation due to water level. The DHPT function development process was simplified to 6 steps: 1) Making plot of water-depth vs measuring time to generate a water variation function; 2) Deriving an inverse function of water-depth variation and its first derivative expressed as water level dropping speed; 3) Deriving a function between water surface width and water depth; 4) Deriving a function between wetted width and water depth; 5) Establishing a seepage rate function; and 6) subtracting evaporation from total lost water, and then correcting seepage rate function. In a case study, test canals were designed for 6 types of lining forms with a cross-section form of trapezoid in side slope angle for 32° and bed width 1.2 m. The dropping head ponding test was applied on all the types. The DHPT seepage rate functions and traditional power functions were both established. Function errors were examined. In order to decrease the influence of linear variation, total seepage depths were discretized into millimeters using a traditional method to calculate unit seepage time. The test seepage time was between 81.25 -176.92 h. By DHPT seepage rate function, the largest error was 2.102 h and the minimum error was 0.308 h. While by traditional power function, the largest error was 9.433 h and the minimum error was 1.137 h. Error analysis showed that the DHPT seepage rate function described seepage characteristics of trapezoid canals well and gained higher accuracy in seepage rate estimation. Finally, the traditional method and the DHPT functions were applied to 6 types of lining canals calculation. The traditional calculation used day as measuring interval and its result was expressed as seepage rate of average water depth in day. Average water depth was used as an independent variable in the DHPT function. For 27 samples, the calculated seepage rates were higher by traditional method than those by DHPT function generally. The traditional method was averagely 0.248 L/(m2·h)higher than the DHPT function results. Compared with the traditional method, the DHPT functions showed higher accuracy. This study indicates that the new function is better than the standard function in dropping head ponding test, and the method provides a better technical support for seepage estimation in irrigation system management. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Seepage
Controlled terms:Canal linings - Canals - Errors - Functions - Hydraulic structures - Inverse problems - Irrigation - Irrigation canals - Ponding - Speed - Water levels - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Development process - Independent variables - Irrigation systems - Linear variation - Measurement interval - Ponding tests - Seepage characteristics - Variation function
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e+00m, Time 1.11e+03s, Time 2.92e+05s to 6.37e+05s, Time 3.40e+04s, Time 4.09e+03s, Time 7.57e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974406
Title:Design and test of CMJY-1500 type plastic film residue collecting and balling machine
Authors:Zhao, Yan (1); Zheng, Xuan (1); Chen, Xuegeng (1); Niu, Qi (2); Ji, Chao (1); Zhou, Dunxing (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture And Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Xinjiang KeShen Agriculture Equipment Technology Development Co., Ltd, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Xuan(jiazhengxuan@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic film cultivation technology has been used around the world, and it is widely recognized that plastic film cultivation technology can make a valuable contribution to agriculture. Under the principle of maximizing the interests of farmers and factories, plastic film mulch used in field is too thin to be collected completely. Year after year, more and more residual plastic film has been left in the field, which damages the physical and chemical structure of soil and even causes farmland to become uncultivable. Lots of residual plastic film collectors have been designed to address "how to collect" in recent years, however, the problem of "after collecting" is often overlooked. Usually, collected residual film is separated and gathered by manual work, and transported by the simplest container pulled by tractors. It would be buried or burned somewhere. If accumulated residual film is not well handled, it will cause new environmental pollution. So far, there is little study on the transfer facility of collected residual plastic film. In order to reduce the storage and transportation cost, and increase the recovery utilization rate of plastic film collected by machine, the CMJY-1500 type combine machine was developed. It has a mechanical structure composed of film collecting device, film removing device, film balling device, driving system, ground wheel, frame, and so on. According to the structural characteristics and main working principle of the film collection mechanism, the dynamic models of collecting device and film object were established. After model analysis, the optimal space aligning was confined and the best installation inclination was set as 45°. With the aim to reduce the content of soil doping of residual membrane material, based on the difference of density, size and twisting characteristic between the residual plastic film and the impurity, multi-stage membrane separation system with the combination of centrifugal and vibration separation was developed. This system consists of toothed roller, film collection mechanism, film removal rollers, and cover whose contour line adopts an involute design, and it can increase the compression ratio of collecting material and reduce the packaging compression resistance. The hydraulic drive type electronic packaging mechanism was designed, and therefore the plastic film was compressed as square package to upload by 3 sets of cylinders, which was beneficial to load and transport. The field performance test of this plastic film residue baller was carried out in the Gongqingtuan Farm of Xinjiang Corps in October, 2015, and the test area was about 40 hm2. The results showed that the residual film collection rate was 92.8%, the successful rate of packaging was higher than 94%, and the average cycle time of single packing operation was 58 s. The operation effect is good and the system is stable, and this plastic film residue baller has the high application promotion value. This research result has both economic and social benefit. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Semiconductor doping
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Cleaning - Compression ratio (machinery) - Cultivation - Cylinders (containers) - Design - Electronics packaging - Experiments - Hydraulic drives - Hydraulic machinery - Machine design - Packaging - Plastic films - Refuse collection - Separation - Soil testing - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Balling - Combined operations - Compression resistance - Economic and social benefits - Environmental pollutions - Plastic film residues - Storage and transportations - Structural characteristics
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 694.1 Packaging, General - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.28e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Time 5.80e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974420
Title:Simulation and experimental validation of silo wall pressure during discharging
Authors:Zhang, Daying (1); Xu, Qikeng (2); Wang, Shuming (3); Liang, Xingpei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou; 450015, China; (2) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (3) Zhengzhou University Multi-functional Design and Research Academy Co.. Ltd., Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:272-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wall pressure especially dynamic wall pressure of the single silo is crucial for the silo design. Therefore, it's necessary to obtain static and dynamic wall pressures, as well as their change regularity along the silo wall. In view of this, 2 techniques were mainly used in this study containing experimental method and simulation technique in order to solve the aforementioned problem. Apparently, it is difficult and intractable to study and discuss wall pressures of the silo during discharging. Nevertheless, it is direct and efficient to carry out experiment on this issue, so we carried out this test in Structure Laboratory of Henan University of Technology. In this experiment, the test object was a miniature silo model of organic glass due to its transparency to materials. We could clearly observe flow patterns of materials inside the silo. The silo model was full of standard sand, and sensors were pasted on the internal surface of the silo wall to record test data. The static wall pressure was tested after the silo model was filled up, and the dynamic wall pressure was tested during discharging. In order to obtain accurate experimental results, tests with many times had been done. On the other hand, for mutual authentication, ABAQUS software was employed to simulate the flow of material during discharging. The finite element model (FEM) was two-dimensional (2D) model with a rigid line representing the silo wall and a plane representing the material. In this process, surface-to-surface contact was used, and the silo wall and the material boundary were set to the target and contact element respectively. What was more, adaptive mesh subdivision technology was very important, for time duration of material discharging was directly affected, and it lasted 0.25 s in the process. In addition, some phenomena appeared in Mises stress cloud charts. The larger the Mises stress changed from the silo wall to the hopper wall, the larger the stress area on the hopper wall increased over time. Moreover, in order to verify the experimental and numerical results, theoretical formulae in Chinese code were used to calculate static and dynamic wall pressures, and it was verified that the calculated values were large influenced by the wall pressure coefficient. After that, experimental results, simulation results and theoretical values were also obtained and compared with each other. It was shown that dynamic pressures were bigger than the static ones; the maximum overpressure coefficient reached 1.78 at 0.15 m, the second larger overpressure coefficient reached 1.73 at 0.65 m, and thus the dynamic pressures increased by over 70% compared with the static pressures for the 2 measure points. About the other measure points, the overpressure coefficient was less than 1.45, and the minimum was 0.99. The other comparative results showed that the difference between simulated values and theoretical values of the silo wall pressure was small. To some extent, it was more or less different between experimental values and simulated values due to sensor accuracy and calibration test errors, but the variation tendency of static wall pressure was almost the same; in addition the dynamic pressure was affected larger than the static pressure by the above factors, and therefore the experimental curve was a little irregular, while the simulated curve of it was more smooth. And then, some helpful phenomena appeared through data analysis of measure points, for example, dynamic wall pressure amplitude of each measure point was different, and the maximum was next to the hopper; the higher value was nearly in the middle of the silo wall. Through the above analysis, the proposed simulated and experimental method are also feasible to obtain static and dynamic wall pressures of the silo, and the obtained change regularity of pressures along the silo wall is useful for the silo design and further research. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Walls (structural partitions)
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Calibration - Finite element method - Flow patterns - Hoppers - Models - Silos (agricultural) - Testing - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental methods - Experimental validations - Mutual authentication - Simulation technique - Surface-to-surface contacts - Two-Dimensional (2-D) modeling - Variation tendencies - Wall pressure
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 6.50e-01m, Time 2.50e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.039

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974417
Title:Determination of calculated method for necessary ventilation rate and its determination analysis of parameter value
Authors:Wang, Li (1); Zhou, Changji (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Protected Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:190-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the design of a greenhouse ventilation system, estimating the necessary ventilation rate is a prerequisite for determining the air volume and the number of fans, the size and the location of vents, and so on. However, in practice it is a complicated procedure to determine the necessary ventilation rate based on the 3 factors, i.e. temperature, humidity and CO<inf>2</inf>(carbon dioxide) concentration. We face the following problems: (1) The absence of climate data; (2) Difficulties in choosing values for parameters, including solar heat gain correction factor, evapotranspiration coefficient, outdoor horizontal solar irradiance, outdoor design dry-bulb temperature, indoor design temperature, and so on. This paper aims to solve the problems above and enhance the practicality of the estimation method of the necessary ventilation rate, which is recommended in the edited version of NY/T 1451 Design Rule for Greenhouse Ventilation. Firstly, we determine the calculation method of necessary ventilation rate for capability design. Secondly, we calculate the monthly value of outdoor horizontal solar irradiance and outdoor design dry-bulb temperature of Chinese typical regions by referring to the American method of determining climatic design condition, and using available climate data in China. The monthly data are useful when there are seasonal variations in solar geometry and intensity, or greenhouse use patterns are taken into consideration. Lastly, this paper solves the problem of how to set values for solar heat gain correction factor, evapotranspiration coefficient, and indoor design temperature under different conditions. We compare the necessary ventilation rate estimated based on cooling air, dehumidification and enhancing CO<inf>2</inf>concentration. The purpose of dehumidification is to prevent the plant disease caused by high humidity in greenhouse. High humidity usually occurs in the morning, when low ventilation is applied due to low temperature. The necessary ventilation rate obtained based on dehumidification is much smaller than that based on cooling air. The estimation based on enhancing CO<inf>2</inf>concentration only guarantees the lower bound of CO<inf>2</inf>concentration: If the CO<inf>2</inf>concentration is no smaller than 300 μL/L, the estimated ventilation rate is 0.011 m3/(s·m2); when the CO<inf>2</inf>concentration is close to the outside environment (400 μL/L), it tends to infinity. Therefore, the estimation based on CO<inf>2</inf>concentration is not suitable for ventilation system design. Greenhouse solar heat gain correction factor shows the correlation between actual amount of solar radiation and greenhouse floor area, and is obtained based on solar altitude and greenhouse structural type. The value equals to the projected area of greenhouse divided by greenhouse floor area. For the common greenhouse structures in China, this parameter should be between 1.0 and 1.3 for gutter connected greenhouses, 1.0-1.1 for summer, and 1.2-1.3 for spring and autumn, and is negatively correlated to the size of gutter connected greenhouse. Alternatively, it should take a value between 1.0 and 1.5 for sunlight greenhouses (1.0-1.2 for summer, 1.3-1.5 for spring and autumn), and is positively correlated to the latitude in this case. The evapotranspiration coefficient is the ratio of the energy used to evaporate water from the canopy or water surface to the incoming solar energy. The existing research shows that this parameter is related to ventilation rate, leaf area index (LAI) and outside humidity ratio. However, at the project design stage, LAI is usually unknown. According to the worst case design, when plants are very young and sparse, LAI can take the value of 0.5; when plants are flourished and healthy, LAI is usually over 1.3. In China, outside humidity ratio in different areas varies, but their annual fluctuations follow certain patterns. Using data from China TMY2 (typical meteorological year), we can obtain the monthly maximum outside humidity ratios of 10 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Haikou, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Harbin, Xi'an, Lanzhou and Urumchi). Between June and September, Urumchi has a monthly maximum outside humidity ratio of 9-16 g/kg, whereas the value in Haikou is 19-28 g/kg. As a result, based on outside humidity ratio and LAI we can estimate that, when plants are very young and sparse, the evapotranspiration coefficient should take value in 0.65-0.90; when plants are flourished and healthy, it should be in 0.80-1.15. Take a specific multi-span greenhouse in Beijing as the example, we use the method provided in this paper to estimate the necessary ventilation rate of young and flourished plants greenhouses respectively. We can see that when the climatic design conditions or the greenhouse functions are different, the engineering methods we adopt are different. In young plants greenhouse, due to a low LAI, energy used to evaporate water is small, and therefore, not only a large number of fans are requested, but evaporative pads should be used to cool air in May. However, in flourished plants greenhouses, cooling air by fans on its own is enough to meet the indoor temperature requirement. Our results suggest that the calculation method of necessary ventilation rate for capability design should be based on the factor of temperature. Our research provides a viable method of parameter estimation for this purpose. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Ventilation
Controlled terms:Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Design - Estimation - Evapotranspiration - Floors - Greenhouses - Humidity control - Problem solving - Roofs - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar radiation - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic design conditions - Dry bulb temperature - Greenhouse ventilation - Hot areas - Necessary ventilation rates - Setting parameters - Typical meteorological year - Ventilation system design
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.5 Ventilation - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974401
Title:Remote sensing index selection of leaf blight disease in spring maize based on hyperspectral data
Authors:Wang, Limin (1); Liu, Jia (1); Shao, Jie (1); Yang, Fugang (1); Gao, Jianmeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:170-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Leaf blight is one of the major diseases of spring corns. Analyzing crop canopy spectral features and establishing remote sensing monitoring indices by employing the method of ground spectrum test are the foundation for implementing regional disease remote sensing monitoring, and the major basis for designing satellite sensor spectrum. By taking 4 varieties of spring corns i.e. highly resistant, resistant, infected, and highly infected spring corns as the study objects, this paper designed an artificially controlled plot experiment in Meixian County, Shannxi Province. Through artificial inoculation of leaf blight spores with different concentrations, the study established 4 disease infected land plots including normal corn, mildly infected corn, moderately infected corn, and severely infected corn, and conducted ground hyperspectral observation of 4 development stages i.e. tasseling stage, silking stage, milk-ripe stage and ripe stage of spring corns. In order to realize the remote sensing monitoring on leaf blight of spring corns, based on the spring corn canopy spectral data, this paper analyzed the change features of spring corn canopy spectral reflectance and first derivative spectral value of crop areas with different disease severities and at different growth stages, and identified the sensitive band range of spring corn leaf blight and proper disease monitoring period; meanwhile the study established a special remote sensing index for spring corns based on the spectral features of sensitive wave bands, namely, the first derivative of spectral in red edge core area. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the index proposed in this paper, the study used a total of 180 spectral observation samples in the 4 crop areas, which were obtained by using the crossing sampling method, and made a comparison between the indices and the other commonly used disease monitoring indices in terms of their correlation with disease severity. The result showed that, spring corn leaf blight with different order of severity could be more significantly represented during the milk-ripe stage of the spring corn. Along with the increase of disease severity, the reflectance in near-infrared band decreased gradually, and showed a change of gradient, which was suitable for the leaf blight remote sensing monitoring and classification of disease severity; response of first derivative of spring corn canopy spectrum was relatively sensitive, especially within the range of red edge core area (725-740 nm). There was a significant monotonous change relation between first derivative of spectrum and disease severity, showing a very significant negative correlation. The experimental result also showed that there was a relatively high correlation between the remote sensing monitoring index proposed in this paper and the disease index, with the correlation coefficient of 0.995 0. Classification accuracy of different disease severity reached 100%, and the dispersion degree of index values was lower than that of other commonly used monitoring indices, with a higher distribution stability, indicating that the indices proposed in this paper can be applied in remote sensing monitoring operations. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Crops - Diseases - Monitoring - Reflection - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Correlation coefficient - First derivative - Hyperspectral observations - Leaf blights - Red edge - Remote sensing monitoring - Spring corns
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Size 7.25e-07m to 7.40e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974398
Title:Design and application of traceability and supervision platform for broiler based on Internet of Things
Authors:Chen, Changxi (1); Xu, Xiaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tianjin Agricutural University, Tianjin; 300384, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:224-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to realize automatic collection, transmission and storage of data in the process of agricultural product and food production, and embody them in the whole traceability process, this paper takes the broiler as an example, and a self-developed production environment supervision and monitoring control system is made, including environment collecting terminal, environment controller, embedded repeater and supervision and control server. Sensors of temperature, humidity, lighting and ammonia are integrated in the environment collecting terminal. Environment controller can control the draught fan rotation speed, ventilation direction, lighting, humidifier and heater. Embedded repeater can adopt the way of RS232, RS485, USB (universal serial bus), Ethernet, 3G/4G, Wi-Fi, ZigBee flexibly according to requirements. Automatically on-site, remote monitoring and early-warning system of production environment of broiler is implemented, and it is integrated into broiler traceability and supervision platform, which includes 3 sub-platforms i.e. enterprise management, government management and traceability sub-platforms. The platform adopts the method combining B/S (browser/server) and C/S (client/server) architecture. B/S architecture platform adopts Microsoft C#. NET language and is developed on ASP.NET framework. Database Sever adopts SQL (Structured Query Language) Server2014, with IIS7 as Web server. With RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag as carrier, it realizes information transmission and personnel quick login. All sorts of enterprises and users of different types have different authorities. All information including feeding stuff, drug, vaccine, death rate and elimination number for broiler, slaughtering, processing, storage and sales is recorded in the whole process of monitoring and supervision. Government participates in the whole process of broiler production. When the enterprise reports the marketing rate of broiler, and the broiler production is sold, quarantine will be done. Irregular sampling inspection can also be done. Multidimensional statistics that include query and export of information of the number of broilers for sale, broiler on hand and retail point and other special conditions are implemented. C/S architecture mainly solves the problem of being difficult in accessing internet. Wechat traceability is developed by using Java Web combined with Wechat public platform developer API (application program interface), with the database connected by the way of table view, which takes Tomcat as Web server. The broiler traceability and supervision platform based on Internet of Things is applied to 189 enterprises in Tianjin. It makes enterprise labor cost reduce by 50%, and profit increase by 34.09 million yuan every year. About 1 600 households newly added engage in broiler breeding now, and every household's income increases by about 9 000 yuan every year. The broiler traceability and supervision platform based on Internet of Things gives consideration to the interest of the enterprises, governments and consumers, and can be extended to the tracing and supervision of other agricultural products and food. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Web services
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Application programming interfaces (API) - Application programs - Boilers - Compensation (personnel) - Computer software - Controllers - Digital storage - Food storage - Heating - Internet of things - Java programming language - Lighting - Product design - Query languages - Query processing - Radio frequency identification (RFID) - Radio transmission - Standards - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Application program interfaces - Design and application - Information transmission - Monitoring control systems - Processing design - Production environments - Structured Query Language - WeChat traceability
Classification code:614 Steam Power Plants - 694.4 Storage - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 912.4 Personnel - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974384
Title:Design and experiment of combine machine for deep furrowing, stubble chopping, returning and burying of chopped straw
Authors:Wang, Ruili (1); Yang, Peng (1); Jahun, Rabiu Falalu (1, 2); Dou, Sen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, Kano; 999062, Nigeria; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Dou, Sen(dousen1959@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:40-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Returning and deep burying of crop straw into soil is an effective way to utilize and recycle the resource of straw, to decrease pollution and increase soil fertility. Deep furrowing is the key operation of the technology. The burying quality of present machine is decreased for there is no stubble breaking device and large soil blocks are lifted together with the undetached stubbles, and the operation cost increases for the shattering of stubbles and soil blocks after straw burying. A combine machine for deep furrowing, stubble chopping, returning and burying of chopped straw was developed in this study to solve above problems. The machine thus combined the functions of stubble cleaning and furrow opening. The machine consisted of a furrowing plow, a guide shovel and a stubble breaking unit. The furrowing plow was designed to cut at different depths into the soil. Critical components of the machine, such as furrowing plow of beak type, shovel guide and stubble breaking unit, were designed to withstand the tillage resistance. The 3D (three-dimensional) models of shovel guide and furrowing plow were set up and the structural strength analyses were carried out using Solidworks and ANSYS software respectively. A gear reduction transmission system was designed to control the rotational speed of the smasher shaft from the PTO (power take off). Field performance evaluation test was carried out in Jilin Province. An orthogonal experiment of 3 factors with 3 levels was conducted to investigate the effects of depths of guide shovel, rotary speed of stubble breaking blade and depth of stubble breaking on tillage resistance and rate of stubble cutting and soil breaking. The depth of guide shovel was selected as 100, 150 and 200 mm; the rotary speed was set at 260, 300 and 340 r/min and the depth of stubble smasher was at 60, 70 and 80 mm respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the rotary speed of stubble breaking blade had significant effect on the rate of stubble cutting and soil breaking at probability level of 1%; the depths of guide shovel and stubble breaking had significant effects on the resistance force at 1% level of significance as well. So, it could be inferred from the statistical analysis result that the rotary speed of stubble breaking blade had no influence on the tillage resistance, while the depths of soil cut of both guide shovel and stubble breaking influenced the resistance, and consequently affected the tillage power requirement of the machine. The evaluated results further showed that the optimum tillage resistance and the rate of stubble cleaning and soil breaking were 21.6 kN and 96.3% respectively at a rotary speed of 340 r/min and depths of the guide shovel and stubble cleaning of 100 and 60 mm respectively. Results of the strength analysis showed that the structural strength of the machine was adequate for the service condition. It could be concluded that the developed combine machine is efficient in deep furrowing, shattering soil, breaking stubble and burying chopped corn straw with a good operation quality. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Cleaning - Crops - Design - Electric power transmission - Machine components - Machinery - Mechanization - Shovels - Soils - Speed - Strength of materials
Uncontrolled terms:3-D (three-dimensional) - Critical component - Deep buried returning - Orthogonal experiment - Service conditions - Structural strength - Stubble breaking - Transmission systems
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.16e+04N, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 9.63e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.40e+02RPM, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974385
Title:Design and test of cutting blade of cannabis harvester based on longicorn bionic principle
Authors:Tian, Kunpeng (1); Li, Xianwang (1); Shen, Cheng (1); Zhang, Bin (1); Huang, Jicheng (1); Wang, Jinguo (1); Zhou, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Bin(xtsset@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:56-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cutting blade is one of the key parts of a cannabis harvester and the cutting performance of the blade directly determines the performance of the machine. Due to the current lack of special cutting blades for existing cannabis harvesters, rice and wheat harvester cutting blades have to be utilized instead. However, these cutting blades have problems associated with large cutting resistance, high energy consumption, and poor cutting quality. For these reasons, this study aimed to utilize the principle of bionics to develop a longicorn mouthparts palate for a bionic prototype. This was achieved by extracting the cutting tooth profile curve of longicorn mouthparts palate, instead of the ordinary rice and wheat harvester blade triangular tines, and thus designing the bionic cutting blade. Using a double-action blades testing system, which was composed of a self-developed double-action blades cutting device and a WDW-10 computer-controlled electronic universal testing machine, a single stalk cutting performance contrast test was carried out using the cannabis stalks of harvest time. Comparing the 2 types of blades' cutting force -displacement curves can be seen that both of the curves could be divided into extrusion, cutting, and cutting out stages. In extrusion stage, due to the large pitch and sharp teeth of the bionic blade, the unit area of cannabis stalk suffered great stress, consequently strengthening the cutting ability of the bionic blade. While the teeth of ordinary blades were arranged closer, achieving the same cutting driving force, the unit area of cannabis stalk suffered less stress, thus, the blade showed more effect of compression on the stalk. In cutting stage, due to the unique arc tooth and tooth back groove structure of the bionic blade, the teeth edge mainly played a role of sliding cut, which can greatly reducing the cutting resistance during cutting. Secondly, the adjacent protrusions of the arc tooth boundary formed a wedge block structure, which resulted in the effect of splitting the transverse xylem instantly. In addition, the back groove of tooth played a role of accommodating the shred wooden material, which can also reduce the resistance of cutting. While, due to the close arrangement of the triangular teeth of ordinary blade, the sliding cut effect was poor and they had no capacity to accommodate the shred material. When cutting, the structure suffered from a blocking effect instead, which resulted in an increase of cutting resistance. In cutting out state, due to the bionic blade can cut more thoroughly, less uncut bark fiber and wood debris entered the two opposite blades, thus keeping the friction small, and the bionic blade force is closer to no-load driving force. Comparison of cutting stubbles of two types of blades can be seen that the stubbes cut by bionic blades is more flush than that by ordinary blades. The statistical average of both groups of test data showed that the single stalk maximum cutting force and the cutting energy consumption of bionic blade and ordinary blade were 442.6, 478.1 N and 2.16, 2.35 J, respectively. In comparison to an ordinary blade, the bionic blade achieved a reduction of the average maximum cutting force and cutting energy consumption by 7.4% and 8.0%, respectively. This showed that the bionic blade has a better performance of drag reduction and consumption reduction than the ordinary blade. The maximum cutting force of different blades was verified via F test, resulting in an F value of 15.49 at a significance level of P<0.01, which reveals that the blade type has a significant influence on the cutting force. Furthermore, the cutting energy consumption of different blades was also verified via F test, resulting in an F value of 5.735 at a significance level of P<0.05, which reveals that the blade type also has a significant influence on the cutting energy consumption of a single stalk. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cutting equipment
Controlled terms:Biomimetics - Bionics - Cutting - Cutting tools - Energy utilization - Extrusion - Harvesters - Machinery - Mechanization - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Consumption reductions - Cutting energy - Cutting forces - High energy consumption - Longicorn palate - Maximum cutting force - Statistical average - Universal testing machines
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Energy 2.35e+00J, Force 4.78e+02N, Percentage 7.40e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974393
Title:Wind tunnel experiment on polypeptide derivatives in controlling wind erosion
Authors:Li, Yuanyuan (1); Wang, Zhanli (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhanli(zwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:149-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The utilization of macromolecular polymers that can improve soil structure to fix sand is one of important measures for controlling soil wind erosion. Indoor wind tunnel experiments were conducted to study the effect of macromolecular polymers and polypeptide derivatives on wind erosion control in drift-sand and sandy loess. The soils used in this study were collected from the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau. Four macromolecular polymers or polypeptide derivatives were used and they were polyacrylamide (PAM), cationic hydroxypropyl quito sugar (Jag C162), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl polysaccharide (HP-120). The application doses of the polymers were 0 (CK), 0.4, 0.6 and 1.2 g/m2. All the tests were repeated for 3 times. The wind tunnel had a length in 24 m. The wind speed could be adjusted in a range of 0-16 m/s. The wind speed was measured by using an AZ-8902 Anemobiagraph with a range of 0.6-35 m/s. The soil tank had the width of 98 cm, the length of 126 cm and the depth of 5 cm. The soil density of the drift-sand and sandy loess was 1.36 and 1.29 g/cm3, respectively. The water content of air-dried sandy loess and drift-sand was 0.25% and 0.21%, respectively. During the experiment, the wind speed was adjusted to 14 m/s for 20 min. The wind erosion rate was calculated and the consolidation layer hardness was determined. The results showed that all the materials with different doses could significantly reduce wind erosion rate (P<0.05) on the disturbed drift-sand and sandy loess surface. Compared with the others, PAM was the best in decreasing wind erosion rate on the surface of sandy loess. Averagely, PAM, Jag C162, CMC and HP-120 on the surface of sandy loess could decrease the wind erosion rate by 65.47%, 51.78%, 62.34% and 50.29% (P<0.05), respectively; On the surface of drift-sand, PAM, Jag C162, CMC and HP-120 could decrease the wind erosion rate by 62.56%, 92.58%, 98.45% and 92.88% (P<0.05), respectively. The CMC had the best effect in reducing wind erosion rate on the surface of drift-sand among the polymers. Compared with the CK, the polymers could increase the consolidation layer hardness of the sandy loess significantly except for the 0.4 g/m2Jag C162 treatment. For the most treatments, the hardness increased with application doses. At the application dose of 1.2 g/m2, the hardness was the highest after spraying PAM and the least after spraying HP-120 on the surface of sandy loess. Compared with the CK, the hardness could be increased by 356% using the PAM. On the drift-sand, the CMC had the best effect in increasing consolidation layer hardness and the hardness could be increased by 746.15% using the CMC. Overall, the PAM had the best effect in decreasing wind erosion rate and increasing hardness on the surface of sandy loess while the CMC was the best for the drift-sand. At the application dose of 1.2 g/m2, all the polymers showed good wind erosion control capacity to resist against 14 m/s wind for 20 min with little wind erosion. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Cellulose - Hardness - Macromolecules - Polyacrylates - Polymers - Polypeptides - Sand - Sediments - Soils - Wind - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Carboxy-methyl cellulose - HP-120 - Jag C162 - Macromolecular polymers - Polyacrylamide(PAM) - Soil wind erosion - Wind erosions - Wind tunnel experiment
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.29e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.36e+03kg/m3, Percentage 2.10e-01%, Percentage 2.50e-01%, Percentage 3.56e+02%, Percentage 5.18e+01%, Percentage 6.23e+01%, Percentage 6.26e+01%, Percentage 6.55e+01%, Percentage 7.46e+02%, Percentage 9.26e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+01%, Size 1.26e+00m, Size 2.40e+01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 9.80e-01m, Surface_Density 1.20e-03kg/m2, Surface_Density 4.00e-04kg/m2, Time 1.20e+03s, Surface_Density 6.00e-04kg/m2, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 1.60e+01m/s, Velocity 1.40e+01m/s, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s to 3.50e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974400
Title:Effect of straw draining piece depth in soil on water-salt distribution in saline soil and its drainage-salt inhibiting performance
Authors:Lu, Peirong (1, 2); Zhang, Zhanyu (1, 2); Feng, Genxiang (1, 2); Wan, Changyu (1, 2); Shi, Xufan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China of Ministry of Education, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhanyu(zhanyu@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:115-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To explore the drainage performance of straw draining piece and the soil water-salt movement in saline soil, a soil column experiment was established at an indoor laboratory in Hohai University. The soil water salt distribution under the irrigation condition of different salinity of brackish water with the straw draining pieces buried in 40 and 60 cm depth in the soil was investigated. A cylinder drainage body of 40 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter was made using rice straws, enveloped in 5 cm thick non-woven fabric and bound into shape using a plastic cord. The irrigation water was available in 3 gradients by design (0, 3 and 5 g/L) for better simulating a saline soil irrigation area. Irrigation amount of each treatment was 35 L to simulate the waterlogging soil condition. The soil column simulated a soil having an initial salinity of 5 g/kg. The groundwater depth was maintained at 80 cm by connecting to an external Markov bottle and the groundwater salt content was set at 5 g/L. The test was conducted to determine, in the irrigation process, the wetting front distance and cumulative infiltration. Soil salinity and moisture (by mass) in different soil layers at 1 and 25 d after irrigation were determined. Relative change of soil moisture variation after 25 d of irrigation was calculated to reveal the ability of inhibiting soil evaporation or leakage of straw piece. In the drainage process, the drainage, salt removal, drainage efficiency and salt removal efficiency were then estimated from these measurements. The results showed that the infiltration duration and the wetting front distance conformed to a power function, the infiltration rates of soils with straw draining piece could be simply fitted by Kostiakov equation. Straw piece had the ability to inhibit soil moisture variation and groundwater reverse osmosis effect, the relative change of soil moisture variation in the soil depths below the straw piece was above 0 both in the treatment with 40 or 60 cm burial depth. Straw piece also helped keep the desalination state after irrigation and reduce the salt accumulation, and the treatments with 40 cm and 60 cm burial depth could reduce the salinity variation by 19.61% and 15.68%, respectively, compared to the treatments of CK. When the brackish water was used to irrigate, the salinity of irrigation water and the depth of straw piece buried both had impact on the effect of drainage and desalination. Increasing the salinity of irrigation water or burying straw pieces deeper could improve the performance of drainage and decreasing the salinity of water combined with straw piece deeply buried body could show better desalting effect. The research provides a new way of straw utilization in field and also a reliable technique for the development and utilization of brackish water irrigation in saline soil. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Bottles - Desalination - Drainage - Efficiency - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Irrigation - Moisture - Saline water - Salt removal - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Soils - Water - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Brackish water - Cumulative infiltrations - Development and utilizations - Drainage performance - Ground water depths - Removal efficiencies - Saline soil - Soil-column experiment
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.57e+01%, Percentage 1.96e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974392
Title:Structure and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides after ultrasonic degradation from blackcurrant fruit
Authors:Xu, Yaqin (1); Liu, Fei (1); Guo, Yingying (1); Chen, Hongchao (1); Wang, Libo (1); Yang, Yu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Yu(yangyu_002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:295-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a kind of small berry with many health-beneficial substances, such as organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Recently, polysaccharide from blackcurrant (BCP) has received considerable attention for their prominent benefits to human health, including immunostimulation, antitumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous work from our laboratory had isolated BCP which showed apparent antioxidant activities in vitro. However, the polysaccharides' high molecular weight and low solubility in water limit their absorption and utilization in the body. Thus, the degradation of polysaccharides should be carried out to improve the specific and unique properties. Notably, ultrasonic irradiation has been recently viewed as a new technique for the degradation of polysaccharides, mainly due to the fact that the reduction in the molecular weight is simply splitting the most susceptible chemical bonds without causing any major changes in the chemical nature of polysaccharides. At present, there are no reports on preparing degraded BCP with the method of ultrasonic degradation. In this study, the BCP was obtained through water extraction, 40% alcohol precipitation, and purification with D4006 macroporous resin. The BCP was dissolved in water (6 mg/mL) and then was degraded by ultrasonication at 600 W, 25 °C for 30 min. The degraded polysaccharide (BCP I) was obtained through the subsequent separation with Sephadex G-100. Physical and chemical properties, structural characterization and antiglycation activity of BCP I were preliminarily studied. The molecular weight was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the monosaccharide composition was determined by gas chromatography. Infrared spectrum, Congo red and electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure of the polysaccharides. The results showed that the purity of BCP I was 83.88%±0.76%, and the weight average molecular weight was 235 955 Da. BCP I was acidic polysaccharide, and consisted of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, dextrose and galactose in a ratio of 2.31:1.11:3.14:0.34:0.36:1.00. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that BCP I had obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides, and BCP I was a pyranose form of sugar containing both α-type and β-type glycosidic linkage. Ultraviolet spectrum showed that BCP I did not contain anthocyanins, proteins and nucleic acids. Scanning electron microscope and Congo red test showed that BCP I exhibited sheet structure and had no triple helix structure, and the surface area of BCP I was reduced compared with BCP. The results of antiglycation assay showed that BCP I exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the product formation of 3 stages of glycation reaction, and the inhibitory rate increased with the increase of concentration and time. The maximum inhibitory rates were 49.55%±0.79%, 41.82%±0.72% and 42.01%±0.13%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control aminoguanidine (30.45%±0.13%,26.59%±0.20% and 23.80%±0.49%). Thus, BCP I can be considered as a kind of potential inhibitor of protein glycation. The results can provide a theoretical basis for further study on the structure-activity relationship between structure and hypoglycemic activity of the polysaccharides from blackcurrant. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Iodine
Controlled terms:Anthocyanins - Antioxidants - Azo dyes - Bond strength (chemical) - Chromatography - Degradation - Drug products - Fatty acids - Fruits - Gas chromatography - Glycosylation - High performance liquid chromatography - Ion exchange - Irradiation - Liquid chromatography - Molecular weight - Nucleic acids - Polysaccharides - Proteins - Purification - Scanning electron microscopy - Spectroscopy - Structure (composition) - Ultrasonic applications - Ultraviolet spectroscopy - Unsaturated fatty acids - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-inflammatory activity - Blackcurrant - Fourier transform infrared spectra - Physical and chemical properties - Structural characterization - Structure activity relationships - Ultrasound waves - Weight-average molecular weight
Classification code:753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 6.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Power 6.00e+02W, Temperature 2.98e+02K, Time 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.042

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974399
Title:Construction and validation of comprehensive drought monitoring model in Southwest China
Authors:Zhang, Jianping (1); Liu, Zongyuan (2); Wang, Jing (3); He, Yongkun (1); Luo, Hongxia (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing; 401147, China; (2) Zhejiang Geographic Information Center, Hangzhou; 310000, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:102-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Under the context of more frequent global extreme weather events, accurately monitoring the impact of drought on crop growth in Southwest China has important practical significance for the sustainable development of regional agriculture. Firstly, the study selected 3 types of meteorological drought monitoring models including the percentage of precipitation anomaly(Pa), the standardized precipitation index(SPI), and the relative moisture index (MI) and 2 types of remote sensing drought monitoring models including the vegetation supply water index(VSWI) and the normalized differential vegetation index(NDVI). Secondly, the correlation analysis between 3 meteorological drought monitoring indices, 2 remote sensing monitoring indices and soil relative moisture data was made by using a pixel-to-station paired correlation approach. Thirdly, MI and NDVI, which had the highest correlation coefficients with soil relative moisture, were selected to develop a comprehensive drought index(DI) finally. The new comprehensive DI makes full use of the complementary advantage of ground meteorological site data and remote sensing spatial data, and is suitable to the condition of complex underlying surface. The independent soil moisture data and observed actual drought disaster were used to test the reliability of model. The study result showed that in a month time scale, MI had a highest correlation coefficient of 0.477 with soil relative humidity among all the meteorological drought indices while NDVI had a higher correlation coefficient of 0.416 with soil relative humidity than VSWI. In addition, the correlation of the same type of drought monitoring indices was higher than the different type of drought monitoring indices. This demonstrated that different types of drought indices were complementary because they represented different drought information. Estimated DI had a good correlation with measured soil moisture with the r of 0.816 and the estimated average accuracy reached 88.38%, which was a high accuracy for drought monitoring in southwest area. Furthermore, DI performed better than the single index MI or NDVI in all altitudes, which suggested that DI based on multiple data sources was better than the index based on single data source in different altitudes. The spatial-temporal distribution of drought in 2009-2010 over the southwest region was analyzed according to the DI. The results of drought monitoring showed that the drought disaster area was mainly concentrated in Panxi region in southern Sichuan Province, most part of Yunnan Province and western Guizhou Province. The drought emerged from September 2009, increased gradually from October 2009 to February 2010, relieved gradually from March to May 2010 and terminated in June 2010. The temporal and spatial distribution of drought based on the drought monitoring model was consistent with the actual observed data, which showed DI had a good reliability to monitor the drought process in Southwest China. DI integrated the information of vegetation, rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration and reduced the uncertainty of the single index inmonitoring drought. Therefore, DI could monitor drought more stably, continuously and truly compared to other drought monitoring indices. This work provides a new approach to monitor drought in Southwest China. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Disasters - Models - Moisture - Monitoring - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Normalized differential vegetation indices - Precipitation anomalies - Remote sensing monitoring - Southern Sichuan Province - Southwest China - Spatial-temporal distribution - Standardized precipitation index - Temporal and spatial distribution
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.84e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974396
Title:Optimization of preparation of antifreeze proteins of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus by using protease
Authors:Zhang, Yi (1); Wu, Shan (1); Fu, Weiqing (1); Huang, Cancan (1); Zeng, Hongliang (1); Zheng, Baodong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:301-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The purpose of this paper was to investigate the efficient preparation technology of antifreeze protein (AFP) of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus by protease. At first, the effects of the protein types and the molecular weight of the hydrolysate on the thermal hysteresis activity of the AFP were studied. The yield of the AFP was selected as the evaluation index for the further study. Moreover, the ratio of substrate to enzyme, enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature and pH value were evaluated according to the yield of AFP. Then the optimum preparation technology of AFP of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus by protease was investigated by the response surface methodology. Finally, the thermal hysteresis activity of AFP was confirmed and determined by differential scanning calorimeter. The results showed that the thermal hysteresis activity of AFP obtained by alkaline protease was the highest among alcalase protease, neutrase protease, papain protease and compound protease under the optimal proteolysis conditions. Therefore, the alkaline protease was selected as the best protease for AFP preparation. The proteins in the molecular weight range of ≥5-10 kDa displayed the highest thermal hysteresis activity up to (1.20±0.07)℃, and the yield of the proteins was selected as the evaluation index. The optimum preparation technology of AFP of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus by protease was as follows: The ratio of substrate to enzyme was 32:1, enzymolysis time was 147 min, enzymolysis temperature was 50℃ and pH value was 9. The yield of AFP was up to 49.25%±1.34% under the optimum conditions. The great linear relationship between the predicted value and actual value indicated that the predicted value of the model could reflect the actual yield of AFP accurately. The result by differential scanning calorimeter indicated the AFP of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus reduced the temperature of the initial crystallization of the solution compared to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Under the optimal retention temperature condition, the thermal hysteresis activity of AFP of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus was 1.2℃. The enzymolysis method by alkaline protease was a rapid and effective method to prepare AFP of fish skin and the AFP exhibited the high thermal hysteresis activity. These results will provide a certain theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Body fluids - Calorimeters - Differential scanning calorimetry - Enzymes - Fish - Hysteresis - Molecular weight - Optimization - pH
Uncontrolled terms:Bovine serum albumins - Development and utilizations - Differential scanning calorimeters - Nemipterus virgatus - Preparation technology - Response surface methodology - Temperature conditions - Thermal hysteresis
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 8.82e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.043

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974388
Title:Optimization of tank-volume-to-collector-area ratio for balcony wall-mounted flat-plate solar water heater in hot summer and warm winter region of China
Authors:Wei, Shengxian (1); Hu, Fene (2); Yang, Huimin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Magnetic Materials and Devices, Qujing Normal University, Qujing; 655011, China; (2) College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing; 655011, China; (3) College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing; 655011, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:199-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The thermal performance and economical efficiency of the flat-plate type solar water heater has been studied by researchers at home and abroad. In order to ensure the efficient operation of the solar water heater and user's demand to the terminal temperature of tank, the countries all over the world with different climates have given different recommended value for tank-volume-to-collector-area ratio (the ratio was abbreviated as V<inf>t</inf>/A<inf>c</inf>) of the flat-plate solar water heater. However, the value range of recommended value from literatures was too big for the practical application due to the complex climates. In addition, the main residential buildings in large and medium-sized cities in China were mostly high-rise buildings. The solar water heater installed on roof could only meet hot water use for the top six to eight floors. The application of the balcony wall-mounted solar water heater was the one of the effective ways to solve hot water needs for the rest of users in high-rise buildings. Based on the typical meteorological data of 13 cities in hot summer and warm winter region of China, the values of V<inf>t</inf>/A<inf>c</inf>, azimuth factor and solar reliability fraction of the balcony wall-mounted flat-plate solar water heater have been calculated by using the established mathematical model. The water tank terminal temperature of 60℃, the collector angle of 60°-90° and the azimuth angle of 0-90° were used in theoretical calculation. The results showed that, for south-facing balcony wall-mounted solar water heater in hot summer and warm winter region, the ranges of (V<inf>t</inf>/A<inf>c</inf>)<inf>n</inf>in spring, summer, autumn, winter and the whole year were 21.1-50.3, 22.9-55.7, 33.8-57.9, 25.0-54.6 and 28.3-49.3 kg/m2, respectively. For convenience of the practical application, the linear regression relations between the annual average (V<inf>t</inf>/A<inf>c</inf>)<inf>n</inf>and the tilt angle, daily total solar radiation on the horizontal and the ratio of temperature to daily total solar radiation were given for south-facing balcony wall-mounted solar water heater. For the non-south-facing balcony wall-mounted solar water heater, the seasonal and annual average azimuth factors decreased with the increase of the azimuth angle. The seasonal and annual average azimuth factors ranged from 0.67 to 0.99 and 0.74 to 0.99 when the tilt angle and azimuth angle were respectively at 60°-90° and 10°-90°. The azimuth angle had about 3%, 7%, 10% and 15% effect on V<inf>t</inf>/A<inf>c</inf>for winter and spring, summer, autumn and the whole year when the azimuth angles were less than or equal to 20°, 30°, 40° and 50°. The azimuth angle had about 20%-33% effect on the above-mentioned V<inf>t</inf>/A<inf>c</inf>when the azimuth angle increased form 60° to 90°. Further discussion found that the annual average solar fraction ranged from 0.41 to 0.56 for the south-facing balcony wall-mounted flat-plate solar water heater used in hot summer and warm winter region of China. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Water heaters
Controlled terms:Facings - Meteorology - Optimization - Solar energy - Solar equipment - Solar radiation - Solar water heaters - Tall buildings - Tanks (containers) - Walls (structural partitions) - Water - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Area ratios - Azimuth angles - Azimuth factor - Hot summer and warm winter region - Solar fraction
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 619.2 Tanks - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 3.30e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Surface_Density 2.83e+01kg/m2 to 4.93e+01kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974410
Title:Design and experiment of slide-combing roller finger for Polygonum cuspidatum root-soil separation
Authors:Chen, Xueshen (1); Ma, Xu (1, 2); Wu, Tao (1); Zeng, Lingchao (1); Li, Kangyu (1); Chen, Lintao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment(South China Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Xu(maxu1959@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:48-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Root-soil separation is a critical link in Polygonum cuspidatum harvesting. It has been shown that combing machines are very useful for separating soil from root. However, it is a common occurrence during this process for Polygonum cuspidatum to be entangled by the machine, which leads to excessive energy consumption. In order to overcome the imperfections and defects of this kind of machine, a new roller finger for root-soil separation was designed. By applying the slide-cutting theory, the critical slide-cutting angle of the roller finger was calculated. Considering the friction coefficient between between Polygonum cuspidatum and roller finger, the slide-cutting angle was found to be more than 30°. By solving the differential equation and the logarithmic spiral equation, the curve equation of the roller finger was established in polar coordinates. With a mechanical model between Polygonum cuspidatum and roller finger set up, a function involving energy consumption, rotational speed of roller, length of roller finger and slide-cutting angle of the roller finger was obtained. It was found that the optimal slide-cutting angle varied in energy consumption with the difference of the coefficient of friction between Polygonum cuspidatum and roller finger. A pseudo-color energy figure about the relationship among consumption, angle of friction and angle of slide-cutting was shown with the MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) software by the function derivation of the slide-cutting angle. It turned out that the optimal slide-cutting angle increased slowly as the coefficient of friction grew. Utilizing the curve, the maximal slide-cutting angle was obtained. The rotational speed of roller (Factor A), the slide-cutting angle (Factor B) and the length of roller finger (factor C) were selected as 3 factors of the orthogonal simulation experiment in order to explore their impact on the rate of soil-detachment and energy consumption. The priority order of the factors for the rate of soil-detachment was A > C > B > A×B > A×C > B×C, and that for the energy consumption was C > A > B > A×B > A×C > B×C. The rotational speed of roller and the length of roller finger had an extremely profound effect on the rate of soil-detachment while the slide-cutting angle had a profound effect on it. Meanwhile, those 3 factors also had an extremely profound effect on the energy consumption. Although the 3 factors performed differently on the rate of soil-detachment and energy consumption, by utilizing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a comprehensive evaluation on the results of the rate of soil-detachment and energy consumption was carried out by the multi-objective optimization design method. Results reflected the important differences between the rate of soil-detachment and energy consumption, and a weight matrix was set for fuzzy calculation. According to the comprehensive evaluation, the sequence of the influence of the factors on the comprehensive result was A > C > B×C > A×C > A×B > B, and the rotational speed of roller had an extremely profound effect on the comprehensive result while both the length of roller finger and the slide-cutting angle × length of roller finger had a profound effect on it. The results of fuzzy calculation showed that the optimal parameters were as follows: the rotational speed of roller of 350 r/min, the slide-cutting angle of 67°, and the length of roller finger of 30 mm, and under these conditions the rate of soil-detachment was 93.03% and the energy consumption was 76.73 W. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Rollers (machine components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Differential equations - Energy utilization - Friction - Function evaluation - Harvesting - MATLAB - Medicine - Multiobjective optimization - Separation - Soils - Speed - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of frictions - Combing - Comprehensive evaluation - Friction coefficients - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Logarithmic spiral - Matrix Laboratories - Polygonum cuspidatum
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.2 Machine Components - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.30e+01%, Power 7.67e+01W, Rotational_Speed 3.50e+02RPM, Size 3.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974382
Title:Design and experiment of furrowing device of precision hill-drop drilling machine for rice
Authors:Zhang, Minghua (1, 2); Wang, Zaiman (1, 2); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Yang, Wenwu (1, 2); Dai, Yizheng (1); Wang, Baolong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zaiman(wangzaiman@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:10-15
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In general, manual rice broadcast seeding method has the problems of seedling without the same height, unstable yield, and so on. To solve these problems, the furrowing device of rice precision hill-drop drilling machine was designed and improved, on the basis of the technical idea of "precision hill-drop drilling" and "furrowing and ridging". The precision rice hill-drop drilling technology with synchronous furrowing and ridging was researched to meet the requirements of rice planting in order. It can create a ridge, open the seeding furrow on the ridge and the water furrow between the ridges synchronously, and sow pre-germinated rice seeds in the seeding furrow. The results of the test in Hunan, Shanghai and Guangdong showed that the suitable water content of loam and clay was between 50% and 58%. According to agronomic requirement of furrowing and ridging, the size of seeding furrow opener (50 mm × 35 mm × 30 mm) and the size of water furrow opener (80 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm) were determined. The furrower must meet the following demands: 1) Good forming effect of ridge and furrow; 2) The furrows had the same depth, and were formed neatly and straightly and could adapt to different mud surface; 3) Furrower would not be wrapped with grass; 4) Furrower was not attached with a large quantity of mud; and 5) Simple structure, light weight and light operation resistance. Based on the rice transplanting depth of about 20-40 mm and the width of seed bed, the seeding furrower had a size of 50 mm × 35 mm × 30 mm; according to the experiments, the water furrower had a size of 80 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm. The effects of different furrow opening methods on seedling-emergence, yield and its component were studied using the compared tests, and the methods included water furrow + seeding furrow + hill-drop drilling (W1), seeding furrow + hill-drop drilling (W2) and hill-drop drilling (W3). Hybrid rice variety (Peizataifeng) and conventional variety (Yuxiangyouzhan) were used as the materials and treated under W1, W2, and W3. The test was conducted in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that compared with the method without furrow, furrowing and ridging synchronously could not only ensure the seedling to grow orderly and evenly, but also increase the seedling emergence rate (17.8% for Peizataifeng, 16.0% for Yuxiangyouzhan). Furthermore, the grain-filling percentage (P<0.01) and effective panicle number (P<0.05) were significantly correlated to the yield. Analyses of the change degree and tendency of the 3 furrow opening methods were performed, and the result showed that obvious advantages were exhibited under the W1 treatment, which not only increased the yield by up to 8.10% (compared with W3), but also kept the highest yield while not affected by rice varieties and different years (compared with W2 and W3). Totally, the design of furrow opening device, the suitable mechanical factors and the results of field experiments can be of significance to the extending application. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Drops
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Drilling equipment - Drilling machines (machine tools) - Experiments - Hybrid materials - Machine design
Uncontrolled terms:Drilling technology - Field experiment - Mechanical factors - Opener - Rice - Seedling emergence - Simple structures - Synchronous furrowing and ridging
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 5.80e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+00%, Size 2.00e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974386
Title:Damage characteristics and reclamation planning for coal-mining subsidence in old multiple seam mining area in northeast China
Authors:Hu, Zhenqi (1); Long, Jinghua (1); Zhang, Ruiya (1); Xiao, Wu (1); Zhao, Yanling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:238-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The long history of exploitation in an old multiple-seam mining area has caused severe land destruction, and the reuse of subsidence land needs to consider many different aspects. The geological topographic map and mining historical data (excavating, reserves, and so on) from the Hegang coal mine (Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China) were collected and investigated. The objective of this study was to analyze the current damage situation, predict the future subsidence, and put forward a land reclamation model for coal-mining subsidence. ArcGIS was used for statistical data analysis. Mine Subsidence Predictive Soft (MSPS) and the Probability Integral method were used for both short-term (2014-2020) and long-term prediction (from 2021 to mine closure) of subsidence. The degree of damage of the Hegang coal-mining subsidence was evaluated according to the predicted results and relevant regulations. The results showed that the subsiding area extended continuously. It increased by 1 468.19 hm2from 2013 to 2020. The severe damage area reached 411.37 hm2in 2020. By mine closure, the subsiding area increased by 3 871.35 hm2, and the maximum sinking value reached up to 39.4 m in the Yixin mine. The area of severe damage reached 5 865.7 hm2, which was 56.34% of the area of the total damage. The reuse of subsidence land showed a temporal variation, and land use plans should be made in accordance to this variation. In the period of 2013-2020, 2 industrial parks were affected by coal mining mildly or moderately. From 2021 to mine closure, 3 industrial parks and 2 new residential areas were affected with moderate or severe damage. According to the stability characteristics of subsidence land, Hegang coal mining subsidence could be divided into 4 areas: a stable region, a temporarily stable region, a dynamic region and a future subsidence area. The subsidence land in the temporarily stable region had different stability characteristics in each period, and it was stable from 2014 to 2020 and continuously sank after 2020. The regional stability characteristics and damage gradation of the subsidence land were basic information for the spatio-temporal reclamation planning of subsidence land. Over time, reclamation planning should be based on fully considering the damage gradation by the time the coal mine would be closed and the stability of the subsidence area. The design of the planning process should follow the principles that the stable region would first be reclaimed, followed by the temporarily stable region, the dynamic region and finally the future subsidence area. Therefore, the Hegang coal-mining subsidence was divided into a priority permanent reclamation area, a priority temporary reclamation area, a dynamic reclamation area and a future reclamation area. The spatial layout should determine the utilization of land in accordance to the timing of stable subsidence, damage gradation, land type and the economic development of Hegang City. The functional orientation of the priority permanent reclamation area was alternative industrial land due to the land stability, which could promote the economic development of Hegang City. The functional orientation of priority temporary reclamation area was temporary industrial land where short-term industries could operate for about 7 or 8 years. Lastly, the functional orientation of dynamic reclamation area was farm land because of the large areas of dry land and the severe damage gradation. This could guarantee the food security in the area. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Coal - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Cutting machines (mining) - Economic and social effects - Economics - Food supply - Geographic information systems - Industrial economics - Land use - Maps - Planning - Plant shutdowns - Proven reserves - Reclamation - Stability - Subsidence
Uncontrolled terms:Coal mining subsidences - Damage - Economic development - Long-term prediction - Multiple seam mining - Probability integral methods - Statistical data analysis - Temporal variation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1 Coal Mines - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 524 Solid Fuels - 822.3 Food Products - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.00e+00yr, Percentage 5.63e+01%, Size 3.94e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974411
Title:Decadal variation of potential evapotranspiration in Ebinur Lake oasis of Xinjiang
Authors:Tan, Jiao (1, 2); Ding, Jianli (1, 2); Dong, Yu (3); Yang, Aixia (1, 2); Zhang, Zhe (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry of Education, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) College of Geographical Sciences and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi; 830054, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(watarid@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:143-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Evapotranspiration is one of the important parameters in hydrological and meteorological studies. Under the background of global warming, it is essential to accurately estimate the potential evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) in arid and semiarid areas where the water resources are limited and excessively explored. In this study, we used the data of main daily meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration from 4 meteorological stations to calculate the ET<inf>0</inf>based on Penmen-Monteith equation for analyzing the spatial distribution and temporal change in the ET<inf>0</inf>in Xinjiang Ebinur Lake oasis during 1961-2013. The Cramer mutation analysis was used for determination of the mutation point of ET<inf>0</inf>, the partial correlation analysis was conducted, and the contribution of the main climatic factors to ET<inf>0</inf>was calculated. The results showed that: 1) the accumulative anomaly of ET<inf>0</inf>was positive in 1960-1989 and negative in 1990-1999. The ET<inf>0</inf>was the lowest in the 1990s and then increased since 2000. As a whole, the ET<inf>0</inf>in the study area decreased from 1960 to 2013. The change of ET<inf>0</inf>in the spring, summer and autumn was consistent with that of the whole year, and the change of ET<inf>0</inf>in the winter was not obvious. The average ET<inf>0</inf>calculated based on the whole year from 1960-2013 was 1 064 mm. The ET<inf>0</inf>in the spring, summer, autumn and winter accounted for 29%, 52%, 16% and 3% of the total, respectively, indicating that ET<inf>0</inf>in the spring and summer had the largest contribution to ET<inf>0</inf>; 2) the ET<inf>0</inf>mutation was in the year of 1997 based on the whole year data, in 1999 based on the spring data, in 1996 in the summer and in 1999 in the autumn. ET<inf>0</inf>was decreased at a rate of -2.81 mm/a from 1960 to 1996 and then increased at a rate of 3.43 mm/a since 1997 to 2013. There was no mutation in the winter; 3) the mean temperature, daily range of temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, relative humidity and annual precipitation had different influence on the ET<inf>0</inf>. In the spring of 1960-1998, there was a high correlation between ET<inf>0</inf>and wind speed and relative humidity. In the spring of 1999-2013, ET<inf>0</inf>had a high correlation with mean temperature, wind speed and sunshine duration. In the summer of 1960-1995 and 1996-2013, ET<inf>0</inf>had a high correlation with the mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration. In the autumn of 1960 to 1998, ET<inf>0</inf>had a high correlation with the mean temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. However, after 1998, ET<inf>0</inf>only had a high correlation with wind speed. There was a high correlation between ET<inf>0</inf>and mean temperature, relative humidity and wind speed in the winter. According to the relative contribution of each factor to ET<inf>0</inf>, the wind speed was the main factor affecting ET<inf>0</inf>in the study area. In the spring, ET<inf>0</inf>was also affected by the daily range of temperature, and in the summer, autumn and winter it was also affected by the mean temperature. The results would provide valuable information for restoration of fragile ecological environment water resources allocation, agricultural irrigation and management science. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Climate change - Correlation methods - Evapotranspiration - Global warming - Information management - Lakes - Management science - Regression analysis - Software testing - Speed - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Arid and semi-arid areas - Ebinur lakes - Ecological environments - Mutation analysis - Penman-Monteith equations - Potential evapotranspiration - Water resources allocations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 723.5 Computer Applications - 912.2 Management - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Size 1.06e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974416
Title:Micro-structure composition and behavior of friction and wear for bull shark teeth
Authors:Wei, Kaiqi (1, 2); Tong, Jin (1, 2); Zhang, Dongguang (2, 3); Zhuang, Jian (1, 2); Ma, Yunhai (1, 2, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant-Machinery System Technology, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Yunhai(myh@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:70-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Natural biological materials generally have a perfect macro and micro compound structure. Animal's teeth, claws and bones have formed the optimized geometry with excellent mechanical properties after a long period of evolution, and have occupied an important position in the field of engineering bionics. Teeth are an integral part of the predation process of vertebrates, which use their teeth to break prey down into small pieces, and remove the inedible parts of the prey. Bull shark is an animal with great bite force, and its teeth structure is one of the main reasons for its bite force. Taking bull shark's maxillary and mandibular teeth as the research object, the microstructure of bull shark teeth was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the elementary composition of bull shark teeth was observed by using energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and the friction and wear behavior of the bull shark teeth was investigated systematically in this paper. The wear resistance of the bull shark teeth was estimated by a wear tester. Experimental results showed that enamel layer was a compact structure formed by strip fiber bundles, and the dentin was a porous structure, which holes were in the range of 3-20 μm with an irregular arrangement, and could improve the bonding strength. Compared with the dentin, the contents of calcium (Ca) and fluorine (F) in the bull shark teeth enamel were much higher, and these 2 types of elements could help teeth have better acid resistance and hardness. The surface roughness of the polished teeth sample, which contacted with Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>ceramic ball, was small at first. Therefore, the enamel of bull shark's maxillary and mandibular teeth had a low initial friction coefficient. After a period of time, due to fatigue damage in the enamel surface and brittle cracking, the friction coefficient rapidly increased in the enamel material with the peeling of teeth. The friction coefficient of the 2 different samples changed with time and presented different trends. The friction coefficient of the maxillary teeth showed a rapid increase after 60 s, while the time for the mandibular teeth was 35 s. The flake wear debris peeled off in the surface of bull shark enamel, and the surface was attached to a lot of fine abrasive particles. The maxillary teeth wear volume was 1.72×107μm3, and the wear debris peeling was mainly caused by fatigue wear; the mandibular teeth presented obvious cracking phenomenon, and the wear volume was 2.11×107μm3, higher than the maxillary teeth. The friction and wear experimental results showed that the abrasion resistance of maxillary teeth was better than that of mandibular teeth because the maxillary teeth are responsible for cutting their prey, but the mandibular teeth are only responsible for piercing prey in the process of long-term predation. This paper provides a reference for the design of a new type of cutlery and the experiment data and theoretical basis for the study of the tribology properties of animal teeth in the future by observing the microstructure and testing the friction properties. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Wear resistance
Controlled terms:Acid resistance - Animals - Biological materials - Biology - Biomimetics - Calcium - Cracks - Debris - Enameling - Enamels - Fatigue damage - Fiber bonding - Friction - Hardness - Microstructure - Scanning electron microscopy - Surface roughness - Tribology - Wear of materials
Uncontrolled terms:Compound structures - Engineering bionics - Friction and wear behaviors - Friction coefficients - Friction properties - Irregular arrangement - Optimized geometries - Tribology properties
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 813.2 Coating Materials - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.00e-06m to 2.00e-05m, Time 3.50e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974381
Title:Remote sensing inversion of land surface temperature based on validation by observed infrared temperature in situ
Authors:Cai, Jiabing (1, 2); Bai, Liangliang (1, 2); Xu, Di (1, 2); Li, Yinong (1, 2); Liu, Yu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing; 100048, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:108-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is an important development trend in modern agriculture to utilize the remote sensing data and real-time field monitoring data for irrigation management, and to realize the agriculture informatization by using precision information technology. In this paper, in order to validate land surface temperature by remote sensing inversion, we designed and installed 4 sets of monitoring systems to collect field data on line, including crop canopy temperature, air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, soil moisture/temperature, and so on. The Jiefangzha Irrigation Region was selected as one of the research area, situated in the western part of the Hetao Irrigation District (40°25'N, 107°09'E). The other one was in the Daxing Experimental Station, Beijing (39°37'N, 116°25'E). The instruments were installed in the main agriculture crop fields (maize, spring wheat and sunflower) in Jiefangzha Irrigation Region, Inner Mongolia and in the rotation field of winter wheat-summer maize (Daxing Experimental Station, Beijing). The land surface temperature in the survey area was obtained by the infrared remote sensing inversion of Landsat7 and Landsat 8 in 2015. The land surface emissivity was determined by 2 methods, a simple estimation by Sobrino method and the Qin Zhihao method. Five pixels with 30 m×30 m each was selected around the monitoring system. The observed data at 11:00 and 12:00 by the instrument in the field was compared with the inversion results from remote sensing data. The results showed that the land surface temperature by the remote sensing inversion could agree well with the field crop canopy temperature. The monitoring data in situ could be the representative of the surrounding condition, which was about 90 m×90 m (5 pixels). The calculation of land surface emissivity based on Qin Zhihao method was suitable for different crops. The statistics parameters based on the Qin Zhihao method made a good performance in the sunflower field in 2015 with the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE) and Willmott index of 0.85, 1.97℃, 6.5% and 0.94, respectively. In the maize field, it was suitable in using the Sobrino method, with the R2, RMSE, RE and Willmott index of 0.76, 2.32℃, 7.8% and 0.92, respectively. The 2 methods had no significant difference in Daxing Station, Beijing. But the Sobrino method was better for the spring wheat in Jiefangzha Irrigation Region. The layout scheme and reasonable numbers of the monitoring systems, the drought diagnosis and irrigation management using multiple source data and the optimization and improvement of the monitoring system would be the key points to be studied in the future. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Atmospheric temperature - Crops - Electromagnetic wave emission - Error statistics - Information management - Infrared detectors - Irrigation - Mean square error - Pixels - Remote sensing - Soils - Surface measurement - Surface properties - Temperature - Verification - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Canopy - Infra-red sensor - Inversion - Irrigation management - Real time monitoring
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.50e+00%, Percentage 7.80e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20173003974412
Title:Design and experiment of detection mechanism for potato blackheart based on machine vision
Authors:Tian, Fang (1); Peng, Yankun (1); Wei, Wensong (1); Zheng, Xiaochun (1); Wang, Wenxiu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National R&D Center for Agro-Processing Equipments, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Peng, Yankun(ypeng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:287-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Potato blackheart is a kind of disease that happens in the inner of potato tuber. The potato with blackheart is difficult to be distinguished from the surface with the naked eye, which affects the quality of potato processed products seriously. In order to detect the potato with blackheart on the production line, a detection mechanism for potato blackheart was designed based on the light transmission properties of potato tuber internal organization in this study. The detection mechanism was composed of the supporting groove, the light source unit, the cooling fin, and the base. Firstly, the characteristics of size and morphology of potato tuber were analyzed based on the statistics rule. The potato tuber studied in this paper was round or elliptic fitted from the side direction, and the fitting diameter range was 40.0-100.0 mm. Then the light source wavelength was chosen as 705 nm according to the result of the research about potato black heart's high spectral transmission detection. Two area light sources were used in the detection mechanism, constituting multipoint transmission structure. The mechanism was designed against the fitted circle of potato tuber sample in the first place. Two common tangent lines for any size of potato tubers were defined, and the locations of 2 tangent points on each fitting circle were set as the light source locations. The value of the included angle formed by the radius passing the tangent point and the vertical centerline was a determinant to the light source location. A proper included angle could lead to uniform illumination and less light leaking to the potato sample, and improve the consistency of imaging in the camera. The angle value was chosen as 45° by the analysis in this study. After that, the structure of the supporting groove was obtained. The height range between the center of the fitted circle of potato tuber and the bottom of the supporting groove was 20.0-62.43 mm. It could be accepted as a certain range to ensure the consistency of imaging. At the same time, the energy of the area light source installed on the supporting groove was completely absorbed by the potato tuber for its horizontal projection was exactly in the range of potato tuber horizontal radius. When the mechanism was used in the detection of fitted ellipse of potato tuber, the light source position, the included angle and the size of the supporting groove all met the detection demands by the analysis. In order to test the performance of the detection mechanism, a batch of fresh potato samples were chosen and sealed in zip-lock bags, then stored in an incubator at the temperature of 37°. Twenty-nine black heart samples were obtained after 24 d.79 potato tuber samples, including 50 normal samples and 29 black heart samples were chosen to collect the transmission images. The transmission images of 50 normal potato samples under single-point transmission mode were collected at the same time. Then the samples were sealed in zip-lock bags and stored in an incubator at the temperature of 37°. They were taken out and the light transmission images were collected by the detection mechanism after 24 d. Twenty-nine blackheart samples were obtained through the verification. After the background elimination processing with MATLAB, the potato tuber target image and the high grayscale value area after binarization and masking were extracted. The value of their average grayscale value relative ratio was acquired to distinguish the uniformity of the light transmission and potato black heart. The discriminant accuracy of the normal and black heart samples were 98% and 96.6%, respectively. Results showed that, the mechanism introduced in the paper could be used to detect potato black heart. A reference is provided by the design of the detection mechanism in this study. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Food storage
Controlled terms:Computer vision - Design - Heart - Light sources - Light transmission - Location - Locks (fasteners) - Nondestructive examination - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Black hearts - Detection mechanism - Horizontal projections - Multi-point transmissions - Potato tubers - Spectral transmission - Supporting groove - Transmission property
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 694.4 Storage - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.66e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m to 6.24e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Size 7.05e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.041

Accession number:20173003974397
Title:Generation law and influencing factors of volatile organic compounds during pig manure composting
Authors:Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Zhang, Pengyue (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Zhou, Haibin (1, 2); Hou, Yueqing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071000, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:211-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the main technology of waste recycling, composting is widely used for its easy operation and high efficiency. However, it is easy to produce VOCs (volatile organic compounds) emissions to the surrounding environment, and cause the odor problem. Odorous gases usually do not lead to serious health problems, but will make people mentally affected, make people lose appetite and feel nausea. Hydrogen sulfide, thiol, and so on can directly cause the harm to the respiratory system and endocrine system, and odorous gases have the duality of air pollution and harmful gas pollution. In recent years, the research shows that in the aerobic fermentation thioether is caused by stench in the air, and is one of the main pathogenic smelly factors. In order to comprehend the production regularity and influence factors of thioether in the aerobic fermentation of pig manure, an experiment was carried out in June, 2015 at Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China. This study took pig manure and straw as raw material, and through the orthogonal test investigated the effect of 3 parameters i.e. moisture content, C/N ratio and ventilation rate on the generation of VOCs in pig manure aerobic fermentation process. Experimental results showed that T4, T5, T7, T9 treatment (water content was 60%, 60%, 65% and 65%; C/N ratio was 20, 25, 20 and 30; ventilation rate was 0.1, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.1 m3/(min·m3), respectively) reached the requirement of harmlessness, but T1, T2, T3, T6, T8 treatment (water content was 55%, 55%, 55%, 60% and 65%; C/N ratio was 20, 25, 30, 30 and 25; ventilation rate was 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.05 and 0.05 m3/(min·m3) respectively) did not reach. T2 and T3, did not reach the requirement of harmlessness because the moisture content was too low, T6 and T8 did not reach the requirement of harmlessness because the ventilation rate was too low, and T1 was because both moisture content and ventilation rate were too low. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of fertilizer, it should try to avoid the low moisture content and low ventilation rate of composting. No matter what kind of compost parameters, total VOCs emissions were always concentrated in the early stages of aerobic fermentation, and the highest emission concentrations of all treatments were more than 2 000×10-6. As the moisture content increased from 55% to 65%, moisture content played the role of firstly promoting and then inhibiting for dimethyl disulfide, and firstly inhibiting and then promoting for dimethyl trisulfide. As the C/N ratio increased from 55% to 65%, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were both firstly promoted and then inhibited. As the ventilation rate increased from 0.05 to 0.2 m3/(min·m3), dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were both firstly inhibited and then promoted. During pig manure aerobic fermentation, the order of the factors influencing dimethyl disulfide emission in turn was ventilation rate> C/N ratio>moisture content, and that for dimethyl trisulfide emission in turn was moisture content > ventilation rate > C/N ratio. The optimal parameters for reducing VOCs emissions were moisture content of 65%, ventilation rate of 0.1 m3/(min·m3) and C/N ratio of 30:1. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Composting - Energy resources - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Medical problems - Moisture - Moisture determination - Organic compounds - Pollution - Respiratory system - Sulfur compounds - Volatile organic compounds - Waste treatment - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic fermentation - Agriculture wastes - Dimethyl disulfides - Emission concentration - Influence factor - Optimal parameter - Resource utilizations - Surrounding environment
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01% to 6.50e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.031

Accession number:20173003974421
Title:Modeling analysis on influence of property cognition and external environment on land transfer behavior of farmer
Authors:Gao, Jia (1); Song, Ge (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Corresponding author:Song, Ge(songgelaoshi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:248-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A large number of excellent farmers are attracted to cities during the rapid progress of urbanization in the last decades. The direct consequence of the large scale farmers' transfer is the increasingly abandoned and idle farmland resources in rural areas. Thus it is quite necessary to encourage farmers who do not desire to do farm work any more to transfer their land to farmers who still want to continue farming, so that the abandoned and idle farmland resources can be reused again, and the use efficiency of farmland resources and the income level of remaining farmers can be improved as well. Although the central government of China has applied various policies to promote the farmland transfer for many years, there are still many obstacles during the process of pushing farmland transfer. The low rent comes in the first, which prevents the process, because there are no transfer agencies to formulate the standard price, provide transfer information and offer service for farmers who tend to transfer their land. In addition, the lack of the social security for rural people is another important obstacle, and thus farmers are cautious when making farmland transfer decision. However, it is of great importance to promote farmland transfer, as many parties could be benefited. As farmers are economically rational, when they need to make decision whether to transfer their land, their property cognition and preference degree of farmland, the external policy and mechanism environment will be all taken into consideration. Farmers' property cognition and preference will influence their commercial behavior and the transfer way, and the external policies and mechanism environment of course impact the price of land transfer and the operation of land market. Therefore, it is necessary to take farmers' farmland property cognition and the external environment into consideration during the research of farmers' land transfer behavior. During the research, if all sample farmers are considered as an entire party, the specific features of some farmers are often be ignored. So farmers can be divided into different groups by different specific features during the research, and the effects of different factors on different farmer groups' farmland transfer are analyzed. For the purpose of testing the influence of property cognition of farmers and the external environment condition on the behavior of land transfer of farmers, data of 545 households in Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province were used to do the analysis. The non-agricultural income level and operation scale were set as the adjusted variables in the multi-group structural equation model. The results showed that, farmers' land transfer will and behavior were influenced significantly by the property cognition of farmers and the external environment. Farmers' behaviors of land transfer were greatly impacted by their will of land transfer, followed by the external environment. The results of the multi-group structural equation model indicated that farmers' land transfer willingness were influenced significantly by their private cognition of land mortgage right, and farmers with high-level non-agricultural income and small operation scale tended to turn their land transfer will to action. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Behavioral research - Economic and social effects - Land use - Models - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:External environments - Land managements - Land transfer - Multi-group - Property cognition - Urbanization
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.036

Accession number:20173003974414
Title:Impact of NaCl and biodegradable surfactant on water and oxygen transmission under aerated irrigation
Authors:Lei, Hongjun (1); Liu, Huan (1); Zhang, Zhenhua (2); Surya, Bhattarai (3); Ron, Balsys (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (2) College of Geography and Planning of Ludong University, Yantai; 264025, China; (3) School of Medical and Applied Science, CQ University, Rockhampton; QLD; 4702, Australia; (4) School of Engineering and Technology, CQ University, Rockhampton; QLD; 4702, Australia
Corresponding author:Surya, Bhattarai(s.bhattarai@cqu.edu.au)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:96-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aerated irrigation can effectively alleviate the oxygen stress in the plant root zone and improve the environment of the plant root zone. This study investigated the effect of the addition of surfactant BS1000 in saline irrigation water on water and oxygen transmission under pure oxygen aerated irrigation. The oxygen transmission characteristic was investigated by using a Mazzei air injector, pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator and Seair diffuser coupled system (AirSep-Seair- Mazzei). Micro-bubbles produced by the AirSep-Seair-Mazzei system provide a good opportunity for its application in the long-distance aerated irrigation because of slow buoyancy characteristics and high dissolved oxygen concentration. The dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature of water tank and drip tap were monitored by a dissolved oxygen meter. For simulating saline irrigation water, 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution was prepared. Four BS1000 concentrations were also prepared (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L). Therefore, a total of 8 combinations of NaCl and BS1000 were designed. During the experiment, oxygen transfer coefficient, DO saturation, flow uniformity coefficient and DO uniformity coefficient were determined. The results showed that the addition of BS1000 had a positive effect of oxygen transfer process, and resulted in an increase of the DO saturation. The DO saturation of the irrigation water averaged 299.87% under pure oxygen aeration. Under the addition of BS1000 in the aerated irrigation, an increase of the BS1000 concentration caused an increase of the oxygen transfer coefficient, while a decrease of the DO saturation. The oxygen transfer coefficient of 2 and 4 mg/L BS1000 was 22.76% and 46.90% higher than that of 1 mg/L BS1000, respectively, under the condition without NaCl addition. Under the addition of NaCl in the aerated irrigation water, the high surfactant concentration (not less than 2 mg/L) would result in a large oxygen transfer coefficient. The addition of NaCl could inhibit the DO saturation. The DO saturation in treatments of surfactant BS1000 of 0, 2 and 4 mg/L with NaCl addition was decreased by 5.55%, 4.92% and 6.57%, respectively, compared to the treatment without NaCl. The average value of flow uniformity coefficient under the aerated irrigation was greater than 95% and the DO uniformity coefficient of each combination remained above 97%. The high DO had a positive effect of the growth of crop when the oxygen concentration in soil water was lower than the upper limit demanded by crop. The oxygen transfer coefficient was greater than 18.85% (P<0.05) under the addition of surfactant BS1000. The DO saturation was the highest in the treatment with 1 mg/L BS1000 regardless of NaCl addition. And all the treatments had high uniformity. Therefore, the surfactant concentration of 1 mg/L was suggested. This research demonstrates the great importance of uniform transmission of super-oxygenated water in drip tap and provides a method support for a wide range of aerated irrigation application. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Crops - Dissolution - Gas adsorption - Irrigation - Oxygen - Saline water - Saturation (materials composition) - Soil moisture - Surface active agents - Water - Water aeration - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:BS1000 - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Oxygen transfer coefficient - Pressure swing adsorption - Pure oxygen aerations - Surfactant concentrations - Temperature of water tank - Uniformity
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e-03kg/m3, Molar_Concentration 1.00e+02mol/m3, Percentage 2.28e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+02%, Percentage 4.69e+01%, Percentage 4.92e+00%, Percentage 5.55e+00%, Percentage 6.57e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.014

Accession number:20173003974405
Title:Response of Caragana microphylla fine root surface area density to spatial distribution of soil moisture
Authors:Gao, Yuhan (1); Yao, Yunfeng (1); Guo, Yuefeng (1); Zhao, Wenhao (1); Wen, Jian (1); Yang, Yang (1); Qi, Wei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot; 010020, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Yuefeng(guoyuefeng0525@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:136-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The response of Caragana microphylla root system to soil moisture can reflect the growth status of the Caragana microphylla plantation. Most studies focus on the relationship between Caragana microphylla fine root and soil moisture distribution in the vertical profile. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Caragana microphylla fine root and spatial distribution of soil moisture in Huanghuadianzi watershed (42°17'-42°33'N, 119°36'-119°53'E) in Inner Mongolia. In August 2015, three sampling plots (150 m×150 m) were chosen in a s field with 10 a Caragana microphylla (density of 2 m × 4m). The field had the slope gradient about 4°. A wasteland without Caragana microphylla was as a control. The average height of plant was 2.60, 2.38 and 2.23 m for the 3 sampling plots. Fine root was collected from 0-200 cm soil depth for the determination of surface area density. Soil moisture was measured by a QS-SFY soil moisture measuring instrument. EPSON10000XL scanner and WinRHIZO root analyzing system were used for measurement of the fine root-related parameters. Meanwhile, the dried soil layer was investigated in the profile. The results showed that the fine root weight in the 1-m soil depth accounted for 81% for the sampling plot 1, 78% for the sampling plot 2 and 74% for the sampling plot 3 of the whole soil depth, respectively. The correlation between the soil moisture along the vertical and horizontal direction and the fine root surface area density was extremely significantly high with the correlation coefficient above 0.65 (P<0.01). The spatial distribution of the fine root surface area density was consistent with that of soil moisture: the maximum value was right below of the sampling position and the minimum value was 50-70 cm. A model between fine root surface area density and soil moisture was built with R2=0.74 (P<0.05). After considering the spatial distribution of soil moisture, the model accuracy was improved to R2=0.80 (P<0.05). The validation of the modified model showed the R2=0.84 (P<0.01). It indicated that the fine root surface area density model considering the spatial distribution of soil moisture was reliable in predicting the fine root surface area density. The maximum field capacity and stable field capacity of the study area were 17.56%-22.01% and 10.50%-13.77%, respectively. The soil moisture distribution of the 3 sampling plots was consistent. The soil moisture in the 3 plots in the 200 cm depth was 3.47%-6.01% with a mean of 4.53%. The wasteland had the soil moisture of 5.10%-8.77% with a mean of 7.73%. The soil moisture of the wasteland was 71% higher than that of the sampling plot. There was at least a 200-cm dried soil layer in the Caragana microphylla land and the soil drying was the most serious in the 70-cm depth below the soil surface. In the 70-cm soil depth, the soil moisture was even closer to the wilting soil moisture. The study provided an evidence that the land with a single Caragana microphylla could lower the soil moisture and hinder the plant growth. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Density (specific gravity) - Forestry - Models - Moisture - Moisture meters - Soil moisture - Soils - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Caragana microphylla - Correlation coefficient - Dried soil layers - Fine roots - Measuring instruments - Roots - Sampling positions - Soil moisture distribution
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.1 Moisture Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.05e+01% to 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.76e+01% to 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.47e+00% to 6.01e+00%, Percentage 4.53e+00%, Percentage 5.10e+00% to 8.77e+00%, Percentage 7.10e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 7.73e+00%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.23e+00m, Size 2.38e+00m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m to 7.00e-01m, Size 7.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.020

Accession number:20172903962574
Title:Performance test and parameter optimization of corn seed bionic thresher
Authors:Li, Xinping (1); Ma, Lei (1); Geng, Lingxin (1); Wang, Shengsheng (1); Pang, Jing (1); Ji, Jiangtao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Jiangtao(jjt0907@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:62-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Corn seed bionic thresher was designed based on the principle of first discretizing and then threshing, which imitated the process of chicken beak discretizing corn grain and bare hand threshing, and had the advantages of low damage, low broken rate, and so on. In order to optimize the parameter of corn seed bionic threshing system, and then reduce the damage in the course of threshing of corn seed, this paper adopted the method of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. Grain broken rate and removal rate were taken as the main performance indicators, differential roller speed, discrete roller speed, threshing roller speed, discrete roller gap, and threshing roller gap were selected as experimental factors, and the performance test of the corn seed bionic thresher was carried out. According to the test results, the influence of discrete roller speed and threshing roller speed on the broken rate and removal rate was respectively analyzed, as well as the influence of discrete roller gap and threshing roller gap on the broken rate and removal rate. Analysis results showed that when the threshing roller speed was fixed at a certain level, and the discrete roller speed increased from 150 to 350 r/min, the broken rate first increased and then decreased; when the discrete roller speed was fixed at a certain level, with the increasing of the threshing roller speed from 150 to 350 r/min, the broken rate decreased gradually; when the discrete roller speed was in 150-180 and 310-350 r/min, and the threshing roller speed was in 270-350 r/min, the broken rate was 0, which reached the lowest. The threshing roller speed was fixed at a certain level, and the discrete roller speed changed in the range of 150-350 r/min, the removal rate first increased and then decreased; when the discrete roller speed was fixed at a certain level, with the increase of threshing roller speed, the removal rate decreased gradually; when the discrete roller speed was in 230-330 r/min, and the threshing roller speed was in 150-300 r/min, the removal rate reached 100%, which was the highest. When the discrete roller gap was in 0-4 mm, and the threshing roller gap was in 5-9.2 mm, the broken rate was 0, reaching the lowest. When the discrete roll gap was fixed at a certain level, and the threshing roller gap reduced from 9.2 to 0 mm, the removal rate continued to increase; when the threshing roller gap was in 0-2.2 mm, the removal rate was 100%, which was the highest. On the basis of the experimental curve, through the optimization with the comprehensive evaluation method, the optimal combination of parameters was obtained: the differential roller speed of 90 r/min, the discrete roller speed of 350 r/min, the threshing roller speed of 350 r/min, the discrete roller gap of 4.6 mm, and the threshing roller gap of 4.6 mm. The verification test was carried out on the basis of these optimal conditions. It was found that the breaking rate was 0.226%, the net removal rate was 99.317%, and the corncob integrity was 100%. All the results meet the requirements of the national standard. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Rollers (machine components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Biomimetics - Bionics - Curricula - Curve fitting - Grain (agricultural product) - Seed - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Corn - Discrete - Orthogonal rotation combination designs - Parameter optimization - Performance indicators - Removal rate - Threshing
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 601.2 Machine Components - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.2 Education - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.26e-01%, Percentage 9.93e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM to 3.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM to 3.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.30e+02RPM to 3.30e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.70e+02RPM to 3.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.10e+02RPM to 3.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 9.00e+01RPM, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.20e-03m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-03m, Size 4.60e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m to 9.20e-03m, Size 9.20e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.009

Accession number:20173003974390
Title:Approaches and methods of infrastructure engineering during agricultural modernization
Authors:Qi, Fei (1, 2, 3); Zhou, Xinqun (4); Wu, Zhengwen (1, 3); Zhang, Xuejun (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (4) Science and Technology Department, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:16-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Progress and development of Chinese agricultural modernization are accompanied by the rapid changing of the society. Agricultural infrastructure, one of the core factors, has the characteristics of complexity, dynamism and openness. Construction quality and comprehensive benefit need modern engineering theory and methods to support the whole process of agricultural modernization. Taking productive hardware infrastructure as research objects, this paper studied and analyzed the concept, connotation, characteristics, content and current situation of agricultural infrastructure. And the concept, characteristics, content, mutual relation and development trend of agricultural infrastructure engineering were proposed. This paper pointed out that agricultural infrastructure mainly refers to the basic hardware facilities to improve the operating ability of agricultural production and represents the pilot factor of agricultural and rural development, and it is the premise of strengthening the foundation of agriculture, and the key to improve the competitiveness of agriculture. And the quality and long term are the important elements of the construction of the infrastructure in the future. Agricultural infrastructure should include roads, water conservancy, telecommunications, electricity, energy, farmland construction, horticulture, animal husbandry, aquatic facilities, storage, processing, environmental protection, services, emergency, construction, and so on. Agricultural infrastructure engineering means the procedure, making the quality and function of the whole life cycle of infrastructure fully guaranteed based on the theories and achievements of science and technology under the scientific operation mechanism and standard specification implemented by the organization. And the agricultural infrastructure engineering has the characteristics of scientific nature, systematicness, standardization, high efficiency and persistence. Agricultural infrastructure engineering is composed of project strategy, engineering decision-making, engineering preparation, engineering implementation and the various stages of the project operation and the closed loop of the 4 factors. Agricultural infrastructure engineering mainly experiences 3 stages. In the early stage of engineering development, agricultural infrastructure engineering has the trend of piloting the content system and meets the sustainable development requirements. The results showed that agricultural infrastructure engineering means the applications of the concept, methods, techniques and the results of the project in the construction of agricultural engineering. And the agricultural infrastructure engineering was promoted from microcosmic and macroscopic aspects. At the microscopic aspect, the tools and methods of the engineering strategy, engineering decision, project preparation, project implementation and project operation are considered throughout the whole process of the life cycle of the agricultural basic construction project. At the macroscopic aspect, it needs to link the comprehensive decision of various constructions, implementations and evaluations, and systematize and optimize the advancement of the timing, extent, goals, and so on. These practices can maximize the long-term stability of agricultural infrastructure in Chinese agricultural modernization. In the circumstance of accelerating China's agricultural modernization, the contents of agricultural infrastructure engineering need to be enriched and improved, and the views, methods, and tools revealed in this study can provide the basis for advancing this process. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:65
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Engineering - Environmental protection - Hardware - Life cycle - Modernization - Regional planning - Stages - Structure (composition) - Sustainable development - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Approaches - Characteristics of complexity - Engineering decision making - Engineering implementation - Infrastructure - Methods - Modern agricultures
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.003

Accession number:20173003974419
Title:Evaluation of feeding activity of shoal based on image texture
Authors:Chen, Caiwen (1, 2); Du, Yonggui (1); Zhou, Chao (2); Sun, Chuanheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Chuanheng(sunch@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:232-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Currently, about 60% of the world's fish come from China. China is the biggest aquaculture country in the world. However, China's traditional aquaculture farming method still plays an important role. This will lead to a waste of human resources and land resources. In recent years, more than 90% of the fish farming workers prefer to apply RAS (recirculating aquaculture system), because RAS not only creates a good rearing condition and feed utilization environment for the good growth of the shoal, but also provides a necessary prerequisite for the sustainable development of the aquaculture. Although RAS is more convenience, it still has a lot of problems: the over-feeding events continue to affect the welfare of shoal, the operation of system also influences the growth and survival of shoal, and in addition, the water quality of the system increases the risk of diseases and leads to the extra-load on the mechanical filters, bio-filters and oxygenation equipment. Therefore, the most direct and effective way to solve these problems is to determine the amount of feeding activities according to the appetite of the shoal. In actual operation, manual observation is an effective method. But, on the one hand, this way requires fish-farming workers to pay the labor and time costs. On the other hand, the most difficult problem is how to measure feeding activity. This is because the result of visual observation for the shoal appetite is often hampered by high shoal density and some other unfavorable factors. In recent years, several methods have been developed to enable the tracking of several fish in the same tank, but these methods are invasive, potentially disturbing, or need restricting conditions. In order to solve this problem, a novel method, with the help of the original method based on image texture of the Cyprinus carpio specularis, is proposed to evaluate the feeding activity of the shoal. With this method, the feeding activity of Cyprinus carpio specularis is recorded by a camera mounted on the rearing tank. Then, the video is decomposed into a sequence of frame images, the background interference is removed, and the foreground object is extracted. Next, the texture of shoal is extracted by using gray level co-occurrence matrix. By this way, it can avoid the interference of surface vibration, spray and other adverse factors. At last, we find out the similarity and difference of the texture features. To sum up the above arguments, this method can be used for the quantifying analysis of the feeding activity of the shoal. To evaluate the reliability of shoal image texture, the other way is put forward to quantify the feeding activity of shoal. Before this research, the diffusion and aggregation indices used by some researchers describe the feeding activity of shoal. The index is calculated by summing the individual area of each group. A group is a single black area created by the outlines of overlapping fish. Using this method, it is easy to observe that when the shoal is spreading, the index will be high, and otherwise, the index will be low. The determination coefficient for the above methods is 0.894 2. Hence, the feeding activity of shoal can be quantified by the image texture. This method provides a sensitive, non-invasive, simple and widely applicable tool to quantify the behavior changes associated with the various challenges in aquaculture conditions. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Image texture
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Computer vision - Electromechanical filters - Feeding - Fish - Image recognition - Problem solving - Sustainable development - Tanks (containers) - Textures - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Area of shoal - Determination coefficients - Feeding activities - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - Mechanical filters - Oxygenation equipment - Recirculating aquaculture system - Visual observations
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 619.2 Tanks - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 703.2 Electric Filters - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.034

Accession number:20173003974409
Title:Problems and suggestion for developing ecological construction in land management work
Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Zhong, Lina (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China; (2) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, China is in the period of economic and social transformation and the initial stage of ecological civilization construction. The career of China's land consolidation is in unprecedented strategic opportunity period. Now the development of land consolidation is facing a totally new situation, new opportunities, but also many serious challenges. Ecological transformation of land consolidation is the inevitable requirement of the development of the national strategy, but also the trend of the development of land consolidation. Proportion of ecological research literature on land consolidation in research literature on land consolidation is getting higher and higher. Ecological land consolidation research has become an important part of land consolidation research. Based on the study of ecological transformation background of Chinese land consolidation, this paper analyzed the existing ecological problems of land consolidation, discussed the connotation of ecological land consolidation, and proposed "Four development suggestions" for ecological transformation of land consolidation to safeguard the food security and realize the environmental protection function of land consolidation. There are some ecological problems in the current land consolidation work. First, theory method and technology system of ecological land consolidation are not perfect. Compared with developed countries, China's ecological land consolidation technology system seriously lags behind the practical application, and it has not yet formed a systematic scientific theoretical method and technical system for ecological land consolidation. Second, land consolidation is lack of attention to rural culture. Some places in the land consolidation simply pursue quantity of cultivated land and modern architectural styles, and ignore the protection of rural culture. Third, ecological land consolidation is lack of new ecological material and new technology, which is difficult to meet the needs of the development of ecological land consolidation. This paper stated that in the era of ecological civilization construction, land consolidation is no longer a simple planning and construction of land use. Ecological land consolidation should combine land consolidation with traditional culture and regional development, improve its implementation path, public participation and development model, and reduce ecological pressure and its negative impact. The ecological environment effects should be considered in the process of land consolidation. And protecting the ecological environment should be the main target of land consolidation. The goals of intensive production, enhancing quality of life, and improving ecological environment should be realized through the "quantity control, quality management, ecological protection and management". According to the ecological environment problems in land consolidation, this paper proposed "Four development suggestions", which are 1) promoting the awareness of the ecological effect of land consolidation; 2) improving the study of theory and technology system of ecological land consolidation; 3) accelerating the development of new ecological material and new technology of land consolidation work; 4) strengthening public participation, and paying attention to the protection of rural landscape and the application of local techniques. With these 4 suggestions, land consolidation can be regarded as the powerful supporter and important platform to maintain food security and protect the environment in an all-round way. Of course, the legal system is also needed to promote the transformation of ecological land consolidation. Improving land consolidation planning system, and strengthening education are also the important guarantee of ecological transformation of land consolidation. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:57
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Environmental protection - Food supply - Land use - Quality management - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological construction - Ecological environment problems - Ecological environments - Ecological protection - Ecological transformation - Land consolidation planning - Land consolidations - Strategy orientations
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.044

Accession number:20173003974387
Title:Fluid dynamics characteristic of high-speed drum for latex separator
Authors:Xue, Xiaoning (1); Shi, Kai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang; 524088, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:279-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Latex separator is the key part of latex concentrated processing equipment, and belongs to disc separator. Disc separator is widely used in various industrial sectors. At present, the theory research on flow field and structure of separator drum is still not perfect, which results in the lack of theoretical guidance for the optimization of flow field and structure about the drum. To solve this problem and to reveal the latex fluid dynamics characteristics of the drum, the research on the flow field of latex drum was carried out. A mathematical model for the flow field of centrifugal separation was established. Based on FLUENT and two-phase flow model built, the fluid dynamics characteristics were explored through simulation and theoretical analysis. In the simulation of latex separation process, the separation effects under different speeds and different rubber particle sizes were conducted. The test of model validation was carried out in the branch factory affiliated to Guangdong Agricultural Reclamation Rubber Group in Zhanjiang in July 2016. The testing separator was the LX-460 type latex separator whose drum parameters were the basis of the construction of analysis model. The measured dry rubber content as comprehensive characteristic parameter was used to validate the model. Based on the mechanics theory, the factors affecting the separation speed of light and heavy phases, the flow state and fluid flow trajectory within the disc gap, the concentration limit and other aspects were analyzed and discussed. For the parameter setting of the model, the kinematic viscosity of concentrated latex was 0.03848 mPa·s, the surface tension coefficient was 0.034 N/m, the rubber particle size was 5 μm, the dry rubber volume fraction of raw latex was 0.33, the latex temperature was 26℃, the disc clearance was 0.5 mm, and the properties of latex skim were set as that of water in material library. The research results showed that: At 7 250 r/min rotation speed of the drum, the dynamic process of latex separation was clearly displayed. The rubber particles showed a tendency of separating from latex skim 10 seconds after fresh latex entered the drum. The dry rubber volume fraction of concentrated latex at light phase outlet completely reached the maximum stable value 120 seconds after latex entered the drum. When the rotational speed was respectively 6 750, 7 250 and 7 750 r/min, the simulated dry rubber volume fraction of concentrated latex was 0.587 5, 0.612 6, 0.635 8 respectively at light phase outlet. The higher the speed, the larger the volume fraction of concentrated latex. But when the speed exceeded 7 250 r/min, the increase in the volume fraction of dry latex grew slow, and the fluid pressure and structural stress would increase obviously. When the latex particle sizes were respectively 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μm, the simulated values of dry rubber volume fraction at light phase outlet were 0.354, 0.392, 0.447, 0.531 and 0.609 at the 7 250 r/min speed. The dry rubber volume fraction of concentrated latex increased with the increase of the particle size. The dry rubber volume fraction at light phase outlet had a little fluctuation caused by a vortex. The simulation result was in agreement with the experimental result of concentrated latex. The relative error was 3.83%. The reliability of the analytical model was verified. In addition, the theoretical analysis results showed that the factors that significantly affected the separation speed between light and heavy phases were particle size, rotating speed and turning radius of particles. The trajectory of light and heavy phases between the discs would deviate from the conical disc busbar because of the the Coriolis force effect. With the increase of dry rubber content in the process of centrifugal concentration, the viscosity and the particle resistance increased gradually, the turning radius decreased gradually, and there existed the upper bound for latex concentration. The drum structure would be a reasonable design with shorter light-phase discharging path and longer heavy-phase discharging path. The minimum particle size of 0.05 μm would be obtained from the neutral hole by theoretical calculation. The centrifugal removal of tiny impurities was superior. The results provide more theoretical guidance and reference for revealing the mechanism of latex centrifugal concentration, and optimizing separation process and drum structure. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Latexes
Controlled terms:Centrifugation - Computer simulation - Concentration (process) - Disks (machine components) - Disks (structural components) - Dynamics - Flow fields - Flow of fluids - Fluid dynamics - Models - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Processing - Removal - Rubber - Separators - Speed - Viscosity - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:Centrifugal separation - Concentration limits - High Speed - Processing equipment - Separation performance - Surface tension coefficient - Theoretical calculations - Two phase flow model
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601.2 Machine Components - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 913.4 Manufacturing - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.83e+00%, Rotational_Speed 7.25e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.75e+03RPM, Size 4.00e-06m, Size 5.00e-04m, Size 5.00e-06m, Size 5.00e-08m, Surface_Tension 3.40e-02N*m, Time 1.00e+01s, Time 1.20e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.040

Accession number:20173003974380
Title:Active vibration control of tractor based on electro-hydraulic hitch system
Authors:Cheng, Jian (1); Chi, Ruijuan (1); Lai, Qingqing (1); Yang, Yuejing (1); Mao, Enrong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chi, Ruijuan(chiruijuan@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:82-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The existence of road surface excitation and the hanging farm equipment produce severe harmful vibration on tractors with the electro-hydraulic hitch system during transportation. At present, there are many researches on vehicle vibration and riding comfort. On the contrary, research on tractor vibration is relatively rare. In fact, reducing vibrations of the large-power tractor plays a decisive role in ensuring its driving safety and comfort. In this paper, the active vibration controller design of tractors was carried out based on the electro-hydraulic hitch system. The research was conducted based on a Foton Lovol TG-1254 tractor with a Dongfanghong 1LH-535 five-furrow plough hitched to its back. Considering that the five-furrow plough is removable and that it is not convenient to install an acceleration transducer on the implement for measuring its motion, hence only the traction force sensor and the position sensor in the electro-hydraulic hitch system were used while other vibration sensors were not included. First of all, a whole mathematical model on the vibration characteristics of the electro-hydraulic hitch system was established and the related rules were obtained. The statistics from the traction force sensor and the position sensor were set as feedback to acquire the data about the tractor vibrations and the implement position. Then a discrete sliding mode control algorithm with position correction was designed and verified. Combined with this effective control algorithm, not only the movements of the proportional valve in the electro-hydraulic hitch system and the lifting of the suspension mechanism were controlled, but also the vibrations of the tractor actively during the transportation were significantly suppressed. Both the simulation tests and the verification experiments were carried out in this research. The basic settings of the experiments were listed as follows: the height of the road excitation was about 0.09 m, the width of strip cement barriers was around 0.18 m, a K60 development board was used as the core of the control system and the double electromagnet multi-functional valve actuators were adopted to drive the electro-hydraulic proportional valve. Simulation result showed that the vibration intensity of the tractor and the dynamic load of its front tires were significantly reduced, and the harmful frequency was suppressed by the active vibration control. Detailed performances were listed as follows: The max value of the vertical acceleration of the farm equipment's centroid was reduced by 45.2% with its RMS (root mean square) reduced by 51.2%, the max value of the vertical acceleration of the rear wheel axle was reduced by 9.89% with its RMS reduced by 20.1%, the max value of the vertical acceleration of the tractor's centroid decreased by 10.7% with its RMS reduced by 16.6%, and the average dynamic load of the front tire was reduced by 39%. The 10-15 Hz vibration caused by the farm equipment was completely inhibited and most of the pitching vibration (around 5 Hz) disappeared as well. Besides, after the position correction was added, the trajectory of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder became more symmetrical to the initial position and the motion was kept within the expected distance range. Moreover, the active vibration control system of test structures reduced the tractor vibration intensity throughout the experiments in the following ways: as for the low frequency signal after the wavelet reconstruction (0-6.25 Hz), the max value of the vibration acceleration signal of measuring point on farm equipment was reduced by 27.1% with its RMS reduced by 25.7%; the max value of the vertical acceleration signal of measuring point in cab was reduced by 18.3% with its RMS reduced by 26.4%. In conclusion, both simulation tests and field experiment results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed active vibration controller. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Suspensions (components)
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Active suspension systems - Agricultural machinery - Automobile testing - Control systems - Controllers - Digital storage - Dynamic loads - Equipment - Front axles - Hydraulic actuators - Hydraulic machinery - Magnetic levitation vehicles - Roads and streets - Sliding mode control - Suspensions (fluids) - Traction (friction) - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Vibration analysis - Vibration control - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Active vibration control systems - Active vibration reduction - Discrete sliding mode controls - Electro-hydraulic proportional valves - Electro-hydraulics - Position correction - Vibration characteristics - Vibrations
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 601.2 Machine Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901 Engineering Profession - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 0.00e+00Hz to 6.25e+00Hz, Frequency 1.00e+01Hz to 1.50e+01Hz, Frequency 5.00e+00Hz, Percentage 1.07e+01%, Percentage 1.66e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 2.71e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 4.52e+01%, Percentage 5.12e+01%, Percentage 9.89e+00%, Size 1.80e-01m, Size 9.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.012

Accession number:20173003974389
Title:Ecological effect evaluation of biogas project integrated with solar-ground source heat pump system and slurry recirculation
Authors:Wu, Shubiao (1); Liu, Lili (1); Liu, Wu (1); Chen, Li (1); Dong, Renjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Li(chenli329@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:33
Issue:5
Issue date:March 1, 2017
Publication year:2017
Pages:205-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biogas engineering is an effective method for agricultural waste treatment among many methods. It can recycle on multi-layers and dispose wastes. It is an important department of sustainable agricultural development mode to achieve production capacity, and protect environment. There were many methods for evaluating the environmental effect and the sustainability of a biogas engineering such like analytic hierarchy process, cost benefit method and life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Emergy analysis method, established by Odum, could bring a new category and grade of material and energy conversion, and the conversion and quantitative analysis using the unified benchmark. The method considered many factors such like the natural resources, labor and the other factors which were usually neglected by the other methods. For sustainability assessment, biogas system provided a better way of analysis. For the aim of evaluating comprehensive ecological effect of biogas plant with the application of new ecological technologies, we chose "D" Biogas plant as the research object. And we set the traditional biogas engineering operation mode "coal-fired heating and keep warming insulation + biogas slurry discharged directly" as pattern I; "biogas slurry recycling technology" as pattern II; "solar energy-ground source heat pump heating technology" as pattern III; and both techniques used in "D" Biogas plant as pattern IV. Based on energy system diagram and the emergy-based indexes, the system were analyzed in comprehensive performance from economic production efficiency, environmental effect as well as sustainability of the ecological economic effects on biogas plant with the solar-ground source heat pump system and slurry recirculation. The results indicated that due to the application of solar-ground source heat pump system, nonrenewable purchased resources reduced by 8.80%, environmental sustainability index (ESI) increased by 18.75%. The results showed that it was an effective alternative way to the use of fossil energy, which showed obvious ecological economic benefit. At the same time, owing to the application of slurry recirculation, groundwater input fell by 65%, and the fees of treating with the disposal of raw digestate would reduce by 1.77E+05 dollar/a. So the environmental loading ratio decreased by 68.52%, environmental sustainability index (ESI) increased from 0.03 to 0.38, the system sustainability increased. Anyhow, the application of the two typical ecological technologies combined with "biogas slurry recycling in water saving and emission reduction technology" and the "solar energy-ground source heat pump heating in thermal insulation technology" in "D" Biogas plant improved greatly in economic efficiency, environmental and ecological benefits. © 2017, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Cost engineering - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Emission control - Energy efficiency - Environmental technology - Groundwater - Heat pump systems - Heating - Life cycle - Pumps - Recycling - Solar energy - Sustainable development - Thermal insulation - Waste treatment - Water conservation - Water recycling
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive performance - Emergy analysis - Environmental Loading Ratio - Environmental sustainability - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - Slurry recirculation - Sustainability assessment - Sustainable agricultural development
Classification code:413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.88e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 6.85e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.05.030

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