<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20164603020702
Title:Effects of different organic wastes incorporation on soil organic carbon and its fraction under wheat-maize cropping system in North China Plain
Authors:Chen, Yuanquan (1); Sui, Peng (1); Yan, Lingling (1, 2); Long, Pan (1, 3); Li, Zhejin (1); Wang, Binbin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Yiyang Agricultural Research Institute, Yiyang; 413002, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:94-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are large amounts of agricultural waste produced in China annually and China has become the world's largest agricultural waste generator with the rapid development of farming, breeding, and the agricultural processing industry. The vastmajority of these wastes are under utilized as a potential resource, which not only causes a huge waste of resources but also creates serious environmental pollution. Thus, acircular agriculture pattern of planting and animal farming and/or agro-processing industry which is good for reducing pollution, improving the use of natural resources and saving fossil energy are important to promote sustainable development of agriculture and the environment. Based on the conception of circular agriculture, five types of organic wastes were applied to the field at an equal rate of carbon in the study including crop straw (CS), biogas residue (BR), pig manure (PM), mushroom residue (MR) and wine residue (WR). The effect of different organic waste on soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon fractions were investigated and analyzed in this paper. The field experiment was established from June 2010 in a wheat-maize rotation cropping system. The data analyzed in this paper were observed from 2010 to 2014. The main results showed that: (1)Soil total organic carbon (TOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were all increased graduallyunder different organic wastes amendments. Soil TOC, LOC, MBC and DOC content were 1.24-1.62, 2.07-3.19, 1.20-2.06 and 1.05-3.36 times of inorganic fertilizer treatment after applying organic material 5 years.The annual increase rate of soil TOC, LOC and MBC under organic wastes treatment were 15.57%-22.82%, 20.00%-38.31% and 16.30%-50.56%, respectively. (2) Among the five kinds of organic wastes, biogas residue and mushroom residue are more effectiveto the improvement of soil TOC content compared with crop straw. The areraqe annual increasing rate of soil TOC content of bioqas residue, mushroom residue, pig manure, wine residue and Crop straw were 22.82%, 21.88%, 16.42%; 16.13% and 15.57%, respectively. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Organic carbon
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Carbon - Crops - Fertilizers - Manures - Pollution - Soils - Stream flow - Sustainable development - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Cropping systems - Dissolved organic carbon - Microbial biomass carbon - North China Plain - Organic wastes
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 1.56e+01% to 2.28e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+01% to 5.06e+01%, Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 2.28e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20164603020726
Title:Influence of inoculants on content and quality of humus during chicken manure composting
Authors:Li, Shuyan (1); Li, Jijin (2); Zhang, Bangxi (1, 3); Li, Guoxue (1); Li, Yangyang (1); Li, Danyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang; 550006, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:268-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of inoculation on the humification (composition, content and quality) in aerobic composting of chicken manure.Two treatments with three replicates were conductedto achieve the object. The "VT-1000"microbial agent (produced by Beijing VOTO Biotechnology Corporation Limited) was used in composting with the amount of 3‰ of initial raw materials (based on wet weight). A control treatment (CK) was also studied without inoculants. Both of the two treatments had the same C/N ratio (15), moisture content (65%) at the beginning of the composting. The research was conducted in 2m×1.5m×1m(length×width×height) windows using static fermentationcomposting system with natural ventilation for a period of 53 days in total. During the experiment the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total humus (HS), free humus (FHS), water-soluble humus (WSHS), humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and E<inf>4</inf>/E<inf>6</inf>were determined, and some other polymerization and humification indices such as humification ratio (HR), humification index (HI), ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA), percentage of humic acid (PHA) were also studied. Results showed that inoculants significantly affected the humification. Microbial agent could significantly accelerate the organic matter degradation speed and shorten the mineralization phase for about 14 days compared with the CK. Composting with inoculants showed a significant effect on carbon conservation.The TOC of product in inoculated treatment was 16.1% higher than in CK. At the same time, composting with inoculants could elevate the contents of HS by 38.7%, and it also increased FHS, WSHS and HA by 45.7%, 39.0% and 54.9%, respectively.The content of FHS and WSHS decreased in CK after composting, while this trend was converted to increasein inoculated treatment. So the activity part of humus improved with the addition of microbialagent. Despite the content of HS decreased, the HR, HI, HA/FA and PHA were all increased at the end of composting especially in the composting with microbial agent, indicating that composting can improve the humus quality. HA/FA was higher in inoculated treatment than in CK which indicated that inoculants can accelerate the compost maturity. The E<inf>4</inf>/E<inf>6</inf>value in the microbial agent treatment was lower than that in the CK treatment, which indicated that adding microbial agent enhanced the extent of humification and aromatization in the compost. In conclusion, inoculants could shorten the composting time, increase the content of humus and enhanced the extent of humification and aromatization in the compost. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Animals - Biodegradation - Biological materials - Carbon - Composting - Fertilizers - Manures - Organic acids - Organic carbon - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic composting - Compost maturity - Control treatments - Humification index - Humus quality - Natural ventilation - Organic matter degradations - Total Organic Carbon
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.8 Biotechnology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 643.5 Ventilation - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.45e-01yr, Age 3.84e-02yr, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 3.87e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 4.57e+01%, Percentage 5.49e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20164603020708
Title:Response of antioxidant enzyme system to nitrogen deficiency in cucumber seedling
Authors:Zhang, Xue (1); Li, Qiang (1); Yu, Hongjun (1); Jiang, Weijie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Weijie(jiangweijie@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:142-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cucumber (Cucumissativus L.) is an important economical crop, and its growth and yield are often dependent on the nitrogen (N) supply. Nitrogen deficiency can affect the development, quality and yield of cucumbers. Seeds of cucumber (C. sativus L. cv. Chinese long 9930) were surface-sterilized with 5% (w/v) NaClO for 15 min and germinated for 1 day at 30℃ in the dark. Germinated seeds were transferred to a greenhouse at the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Beijing, China, 39.9°N), and uniform seedlings were transplanted into rectangular boxes (288 mm ×125 mm×75 mm) when the second leaf was expanding. All seedlings were grown in reformative Hoagland solution containing 12 mmol/L nitrogen. Equal numbers of seedlings were transplanted into new boxes containing reformative Hoagland solution with (12 mmol/L) or without (0 mmol/L) nitrogen when the seedlings had 5 leaves. Samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the start of the treatment. The collected leaves were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80℃. In this work, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and changes in enzymes involved in the antioxidant enzyme system (including SOD, CAT and POD) were investigated in nitrogen-deficient cucumber seedlings. The results showed that the N-deprivation increased ROS concentration in cucumber leaves significantly, consisted with the increasing MDA level. The content of H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>reached the peak at 6 hours of nitrogen deficiency (HND), which was about twice as much as the content of H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>at 0 HND (control). O<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>yield rate increased at around 37% at 6 HND compared with the control. The concentration of MDA increased the time and increased overtime by 25% approximately at 48 HND. If plants were harmed by oxidative stresses, much more ROS would be produced and the plants could not decompose them completely. In addition, MDA is the most abundant aldehydic lipid breakdown product in plants. Therefore, the increasing ROS and MDA concentrations showed that the cucumber seedlings were suffering with nitrogen stress. The antioxidant enzyme system was known as a system that can prevent plants from oxidative stresses. SOD, CAT and POD are the most important enzymes of this system. The response of these enzymes is helpful for plants to resist stresses. SOD can transformed the O<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>into H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>, and then the H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>can change to H<inf>2</inf>O by CAT and POD. In this study, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD increased significantly under nitrogen deficiency. For N-deficient cucumber leaves collected at 48 HND, the activities of SOD, POD CAT and increased by about 37%, 24% and 26%, respectively. The changes of transcript levels of SODs, CATs and PODs were consistent with the changes of those activities. SOD2 transcript level was significantly increased at 48 HND, which was about 6 times as much as the transcript level of SOD2 at 0 HND. The transcript levels of POD1 and CATs increased 10 times approximately after the treatment. These results indicated that nitrogen deficiency induced the anti-oxidase defense system in cucumber leaves. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Crops - Enzymes - Plants (botany) - Stresses
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural science - Antioxidant enzyme - Cucumber - Growth and yield - Nitrogen deficiency - Reactive oxygen species - Rectangular box - Transcript level
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.74e-03yr, Molar_Concentration 0.00e+00mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 1.20e+01mol/m3, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 3.70e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 9.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20164603020711
Title:Temporal-spatial variability of soil salinity in greenspace of Tianjin Binhai Economic-Technological Development Area
Authors:Zhu, Jindi (1); Guo, Shiwen (1); Yang, Yongli (2); Li, Pinfang (1); Zhang, Qing (2); Dai, Qing (2); Zhang, Kai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Tianjin TEDA Green Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin; 300457, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Shiwen(guosw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:161-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Both salinization and alkalinization of soil threaten the livability and urban green space in the coastal regions of the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA). Salt content and pH value are two important parameters to indicate soil salinity. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial distribution patterns of salt content and pH value and provide a theoretical basis for improving local soil, management and protection of green spaces, and soil quality evaluation as well. Focusing on the spatial complexity and regular pattern of soil salinization in TEDA, the soils at both 0-20 cm (top-soil) and 60-80 cm (sub-soil) depths were collected in 2006, 2008 and 2011 from 73 sampling sites distributed in the green spaces of the TEDA, in which the soil was nearly completely replaced with fresh soil at around twenty years ago. Salt content and pH value were measured using an electrical conductivity meter and a pH meter, respectively, and thereafter analyzed with both geostatistical and traditional statistical methods. The results showed that there was no salinization in all the top-soils collected in 2006, 2008 and 2011. Variation coefficients of the salt content in the top-soils were 32.4%, 82.9% and 49.3% in 2006, 2008 and 2011, respectively, showing moderate variability. The sub-soils collected in 2006, 2008 and 2011 had salt contents of 2.82g/kg, 1.91 and 1.65g/kg respectively, with decreasing salinity from moderate (top sub-soil) to mild (bottom sub-soil) level. Variation coefficients of sub-soil salinity were 123.9%, 100.2% and 103.5% for 2006, 2008 and 2011, respectively, which exhibited strong variability. Soil pH values were higher in both north and southeastern sides and had minor variability. The means of soil pH value increased slightly with soil depth, but decreased slightly over time in both top and sub-soils. Variation function analysis results showed the independence of spatial distribution for top-soil salinity, but a strong spatial dependence for the sub-soil salinity, which were largely affected by structural factors. On the other side, the pH values of both levels had strong spatial correlations. The characteristics of temporal and spatial distributions that reflected total salt content and pH value were expressed in Kriging spatial interpolation maps. The spatial distribution of the top-soil salinity exhibited planar structure, while a symmetrical ring shape pattern for the sub-soil. Meanwhile, heterogeneous distributions of pH value were found in both top-soil and sub-soil. In addition, sectional profiles of total salt content in the soils sampled during the three years more intuitively reflected the trend of salt content in the green space soil. Total salt content and pH value of the soil in this region was lower than 3 g/kg and pH value 8.5 respectively. In conclusion, the soil quality in the green space was generally stable, and within the range of the foreign standard for green space soil. The study can provide valuable information for remediating salinization and improving soil quality in the coastal saline soils. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Coastal zones - Economic and social effects - Interpolation - pH - Quality control - Salts - Soils - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Greenspace - Heterogeneous distributions - Soil quality evaluation - Spatial distribution patterns - Technological development - Temporal and spatial distribution - Temporal and spatial variability - Tianjin
Classification code:471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.04e+02%, Percentage 1.24e+02%, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 4.93e+01%, Percentage 8.29e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20164603020729
Title:Physical-chemical properties and bacterial community analysis of different composts made by straws or oyster mushroom residues for commerical mushroom Agaricus bisporus
Authors:Qin, Gaijuan (1); Guo, Yaping (1); Zhang, Guoqing (2); Chen, Qingjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing; 102206, China; (2) College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing; 102206, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Qingjun(cqj3305@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:285-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Using the traditional wheat straw formula as control, two test compost formulas were designed using corn straws or oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) residues replacing part of the wheat straw, respectively. At the beginning of composting, the end of phase I, and phase II, compost samples were collected and total DNA were further obtained. Bacterial communities of each sample were analysed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method based on 16S rDNA using the universal primers from Escherichia coli. The physical-chemical properties of the samples and the yield of the three formula were also measured and analysed. The results showed that the corn stalks formula shared higher particle size and lower nitrogen content than those of the wheat straw formula. At the end of phase II, the corn stalks formula demonstrated considerably high similarity of dominant bacteria with the wheat straw formula. The two formulas also shared similar bacterial diversity variation trends. The oyster mushroom residues formula shared tiny particle size, high nitrogen content. The dominant bacteria species and bacterial diversity variation were highly different from those of the wheat straw formula. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Polymerase chain reaction
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Chemical analysis - Chemical properties - Composting - Electrophoresis - Escherichia coli - Fungi - Molluscs - Nitrogen - Particle size - Shellfish - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agaricus bisporus - Bacterial - Oyster mushroom - PCR-DGGE - Physical chemical property
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20164603020695
Title:Effect of tillage method change and straw return on soil labile organic carbon
Authors:Tian, Shenzhong (1); Guo, Honghai (1); Dong, Xiaoxia (1); Dong, Liang (1); Zheng, Dongfeng (1); Sun, Zeqiang (1); Wang, Xuejun (1); Liu, Shenglin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Shandong, Jinan; 250100, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Honghai(honghaig@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:39-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Subsoiling is an important method to solve the problem of subsoil compaction in 15-30 cm depth due to the increase of bulk density or the decrease in porosity after long-term no tillage or rotary tillage. Although subsoiling is of growing concern in Chinese agriculture production system and it could significantly influence the different fractions in soil carbon pool, there are few information on soil labile organic carbon (LOC) and carbon pool management index response to the conversion from long-term no tillage and rotary tillage to subsoiling in the North China Plain. The objective of this study was to estimate the changes in soil LOC content, the ratio of LOC fraction to soil organic carbon (LOC/SOC), and the soil carbon pool management index (CMI) by six-year tillage method change experiment. The experimental treatments including rotary tillage with residue removal (RTA), rotary tillage with residue return (RTS), rotary tillage converting to subsoiling with residue removal (RTA-STA), rotary tillage converting to subsoiling with residue return (RTS-STS), no tillage with residue removal (NTA), no tillage with residue return (NTS), no tillage converting to subsoiling with residue removal (NTA-STA), no tillage converting to subsoiling with residue return (NTS-STS). The results showed that tillage method changes significantly impacted soil LOC, LOC/SOC and soil CMI in this study. In comparison to RTS treatment, RTS-STS increased the content of soil LOC in the 0-30 cm depth, but the LOC/SOC ratio and soil CMI declined. However, soil LOC content was decreased in the 0-10 cm layer while increased in the 10-20 cm layer. Meanwhile, soil LOC contents under the RTS-STS and NTS-STS treatments were significant higher than that of the RTA-STA and NTA-STA treatments. Tillage and residue factors played a key role for the change of soil LOC content in different layers (P<0.05). Soil LOC/SOC also presented a significant difference after tillage method changed. For the RTA-STA and RTS-STS treatments, the ratio of LOC to SOC declined in the 0-30 cm layer (P<0.05). Although there was no significant difference on soil LOC/SOC between NTA-STA and NTS-STS treatments in the 0-10 cm layer, the LOC/SOC value under NTS-STS treatment was great higher than that of NTA-STA treatment in the 10-30 cm layer (P<0.05). Observations of soil CMI declined with the deepening of soil layers after RTS was converted to RTS-STS, but the opposite result was showed after NTS was converted to NTS-STS. Tillage, crop residue, experiment years and their interactions significantly affected the soil LOC after tillage method changed according to a multi-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) analysis (P<0.05). The conclusions are drawn that soil LOC, LOC/SOC and soil CMI can be decreased by long-term RT converting to RT-ST, which will promote soil carbon sequestration, but the adopting of NT converting to NT-ST might enhance the activity of soil carbon pool in the 10-30 cm depth. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Cultivation - Forestry - Information management - Lakes - Organic carbon - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture productions - ANOVA (analysis of variance) - No tillage - North China Plain - Rotary tillages - Soil carbon pool - Soil carbon sequestration - Soil organic carbon
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20164603020733
Title:Analysis of bacterial diversity during cattle manure fermentation with 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing
Authors:Hua, Liushuai (1); Wang, Jing (1); Xu, Zhaoxue (1); Zhang, Zijing (1); Lou, Zhiguo (1); Zhao, Hongchang (1); Li, Wenjun (1); Wang, Eryao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Eryao(wangeryao666@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:311-315
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The traditional decentralized animal breeding is gradually being replaced by the large-scale intensive animal production in recent decades in China. While the large number of livestock manure is now becoming the source of environmental pollution, and the limiting factor for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Resourceful treatments of the livestock manure, especially for return to fields as bio-fertilizer after piling fermentation, have important economic, social and ecological benefits. The previous bacterial studies during the manure fermentation mainly focus on bacterium culture, isolation, and identification. For the limitation of the culture conditions, limited bacteria could be analyzed. 16S rRNA locates on small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes, including 10 conserved regions and 9 high variable regions, wherein the high variable region has species specificity among bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene was considered to be the characteristic nucleic acid of the bacterium, and it could be used in the bacterial phylogenesis and taxonomic identification studies. In this study, the cattle manure was collected and piled for fermentation. The fresh manure (m0), manure with natural fermentation for 1 month and 6 months (m1, m6), and manure with probiotic-adding fermentation for 3 months (mf) were sampled separately. Total bacterial DNA were isolated from these samples, and the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene were PCR amplified using the total bacterial DNA as templates. And then the bacterial diversity in these samples were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of the amplicons. The results indicated that: 1) the average observed species in m0, m1, m6 and mf groups was 1440, 1364, 1239 and 1353, respectively. The sum number of bacteria Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for more than 70% of the total bacteria number in each group. Statistical analysis showed that there are no differences of the observed species numbers, Shannon index and Chao1 richness estimator between all fermentation groups, suggesting there were high bacterial diversity in the compost pile, and the bacterial diversity didn't reduced during the fermentation process. 2) the m0, m1 and m6 groups were clustered into a large branch, in which the m1 and m6 groups mixed together and were difficult to be separated by the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The clustering results suggested that the bacteria community structures of the manure were similar after 1 month and 6 months of natural fermentation, and they were dependent on the manure bacteria community structure of the fresh manure. The mf group was clustered into an independent branch relative to the m0, m1 and m6 groups, suggesting that the probiotics added into the manure changed the bacteria community structure significantly. 3) the analysis of the species differences between different fermentation groups showed that, compared with natural fermentation groups (m0, m1 and m6), the proportion of the Proteobacteria significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the probiotic-adding fermentation group (mf), while the Firmicutes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). This study may shine a light on understanding the fermentation process, improving the compost effects, even developing a new probiotics preparation in the future. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Bacteria - Cluster analysis - Clustering algorithms - Composting - Fermentation - Genes - Manures - Nucleic acids - Piles - Polymerase chain reaction - Principal component analysis - Process control - RNA - Social sciences - Sustainable development - Throughput
Uncontrolled terms:16S rRNA gene - Bacteria community structures - Bacterial - Diversity - Environmental pollutions - Fermentation process - High-throughput sequencing - Taxonomic identifications
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.50e-01yr, Age 5.00e-01yr, Age 8.33e-02yr, Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20164603020724
Title:Effect of carbon resources conditioner on composting process and carbon and nitrogen loss during composting of cucumber stalk
Authors:Chang, Ruixue (1); Gan, Jingjing (1); Chen, Qing (1); Li, Yanming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yanming(liym@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:254-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, vegetable growing area and production has been increased rapidly in order to satisfy the demand for vegetable and benefit, which must be accompanied with more and more vegetable waste hard to be treated nowadays. Because of no harmless and circle treatment technology for vegetable wastes in vegetable origin, they would become sources of environmental pollution, especially for cucumber, one of the major vegetables in China. In order to successfully produce soil amendment transferred from vegetable wastes, with the characteristics of high moisture, low C/N ratio, and potential pathogens, we try to use aerobic composting technology to treat them, cucumber waste as an example. The study set three treatments, cucumber waste itself as the control (CK), and the other two with the supplementary carbon conditioners, corn stalk (CS) and woody peat (WP), to make the C/N ratio of the mixed material as 25. By analysis the indexes: the emission rates and accumulative emission amounts of CO<inf>2</inf>and ammonia produced per kilogram dry matter, material matter loss, organic matter degradation, pH value, EC, and germination rate index (GI) et al, the effects caused by different carbon conditioners were certified, in order to improve the composting maturity process, and to reduce the losses of carbon and nitrogen in the forms of CO<inf>2</inf>and ammonia, so that to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the same time. The results showed that utilization of additional carbon conditioners (corn stalk and woody peat) during the cucumber waste composting, could decrease the material matter loss in the mixed material, from 59.25% in CK to 54.35% (CS) and 50.75% (WP); accelerate the composting maturity process, one month was enough to get maturity; and corn stalk had better improve effect than woody peat as a carbon conditioner. However, addition of corn stalk increased the organic matter degradation percent (31.27%), CO<inf>2</inf>emission rate and the cumulative emission amount (100 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), while utilization of woody peat reduced the organic matter degradation percent (17.96%) and total emission amount (77 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) when compared with CK (26.55% and 93.52 g/kg). The two carbon conditioners (corn stalk and woody peat) can help to control the ammonia cumulative emission amount, from 7.68 g/kg in CK to 6.52 g/kg in WP and 6.51 g/kg in CS, reduced by more than 15 %. And the work time and mechanism by the carbon conditioners were different. Besides, the two conditioner could help to improve the pH value and EC of the compost product, which would decrease the limitation of the product utilization in agriculture, especially woody peat in WP. Incorporating the composting maturity process, CO<inf>2</inf>and ammonia emission rates and cumulative amounts during cucumber waste composting, woody peat had better performance than corn stalk when used as carbon conditioner. While considering the characteristics of corn stalk and woody peat, the improvement effect for maturity process and carbon and nitrogen loss controlling must be more significant if they could be used at the same time, but the performance need to be certify by experiment in the next step. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Carbon dioxide - Composting - Environmental technology - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases - Nitrogen - Organic compounds - Particulate emissions - Peat - pH - Soils - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Bulking agents - Carbon and nitrogen - Corn stalk - Cumulative emissions - Environmental pollutions - Organic matter degradations - Product utilizations - Treatment technologies
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 2.66e+01%, Percentage 3.13e+01%, Percentage 5.08e+01%, Percentage 5.44e+01%, Percentage 5.92e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20164603020510
Title:Effect of instant controlled pressure drop drying on water loss and quality in apple slices
Authors:Bi, Jinfeng (1, 2); Wang, Xueyuan (1, 2); Zhou, Linyan (1); Wu, Xinye (1); Gao, Kun (1, 2); Lü, Jian (1); Peng, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture/ Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:376-382
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Apple is one of the most widely cultivated fruits where its dried products rapidly occupied in the puffed products market. In recent year, instant controlled pressure drop drying (ICPDD) has been widely researched and generalized with its advantages of short time, no oxygen reduced oxidation in the processing under vacuum environment, the product is natural and nutritional. Instant controlled pressure drop drying is effective in giving apple slices crispy taste and prolonging the shelf-life of food. Thus, ICPDD has a great prospect in fruits and vegetables drying field, in which it's necessary to study the effect of instant flashing on water loss and product quality. In this paper, ICPDD drying technology, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, color and texture detecting technology were mainly adopted to analyze the water loss and quality during flashing. High temperature, pressure differences and water removal can all influence the structure and quality of apple slices. Fresh Fuji apple was used in the experiment which was peeled, pitted and cut into sector slice with 5mm thickness and then was evenly put on the tray of hot air drying under 70℃ until the water content was decreased to about 70%. Then focus on the effect of instant controlled pressure drop drying on water diffusion and product quality. Experiment results showed that, different flashing temperatures had a little influence on water diffusion while higher temperature could accelerate water diffusion. Under the condition of 85, 95 and 105℃, the flashing times used to decrease the water content below 7% were nine, ten and eleven, separately. But compared with 95℃, the effect of 105℃ was no obvious. The drying rate increased first when it reached the maximum at the first flashing time and then decreased. But 105℃ was too high to keep a good color, and the crisp was too high to transport easily. Lower temperature 85℃ may be not enough to provide power for puffing. So that 95℃ was chosen as the flashing temperature in this research. Instant flashing really had an effect on water loss from the changes of water content where it firstly increased, and then decreased. Water state also changed from moisture with high degree of freedom to moisture with low degree of freedom that affected the water removal. After a few times of flashing, free water and immobilized water mainly existed in apple slices which were easily to be removed with lower bonding effect. Along with the increasing of flashing times, immobilized water and bound water with low liquidity play a dominant role in apple slices because they are difficult to remove. In order to obtain high quality apple chips, choosing in flashing times is important. How much the amount of moisture loss in flashing moment does directly decided the flashing times during drying, so that it could shorten vacuum time as much as possible to improve the sensor quality. Both water activity and color decreased with flashing times increasing, and long time in high temperature might facilitate the Maillard action. Appropriate flashing times could make water instantly vaporized to give rise to volume swelling and form spongy porous structure which gave apple chips crispy taste. Rapid water loss also caused case hardening to make hardness up which is in favor of keep a good shape. However, higher hardness would affect the chips taste. Therefore, 5 times was chosen as the suitable condition to gain great quality. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Case hardening - Color - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Diffusion - Diffusion in liquids - Drops - Fruits - Hardening - Hardness - Moisture - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Pressure drop - Pressure effects - Quality control - Textures - Thermal processing (foods)
Uncontrolled terms:Detecting technology - Fruits and vegetables - High Degree of Freedom - Instant controlled pressure drops - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance - Pressure differences - Suitable conditions - Water loss
Classification code:537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.053
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20164603020517
Title:α-lactalbumin enhancing emulsion stability of β-carotene
Authors:Liu, Lei (1); Yuan, Fang (1); Gao, Yanxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Yanxiang(drgyx@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:423-429
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:β-carotene is the major carotenoid in carrots and the most widely studied natural carotenoid. It is very import in foods, for it adds the color to the food products, and also associates with human health. For example, it is the most potent precursor of vitamin A and has a potent antioxidant capacity. It also can lower the risk of heart diseases and certain types of cancers. However, the utilization of β-carotene as a nutraceutical ingredient in the food industry is currently limited because of its poor water-solubility, high melting point, low chemical stability and bioavailability. Oil-in-water emulsions are often a better choice for delivering β-carotene into functional foods since the emulsions increase bioavailability. One factor which can influence β-carotene stability in oil-in-water emulsions is the chemical and physical properties of the interface formed between oil and water, as some researchers reported protein has a positive effect on the degradation of β-carotene in oil-in-water emulsion. In this research, we used α-lactalbumin (α-LA) as emulsifier to stabilize nanoemulsion to deliver β-carotene. The effects of α-LA on the particle size, the zeta-potential, the encapsulation rate, the oil-water interfacial α-LA concentration, and the physical and chemical stability of β-carotene emulsion were determined. The mean particle diameter (Z-average) and zeta-potential of β-carotene emulsion were measured using the laser particle size analyzer (Malvern Instruments Ltd.) based on the dynamic light scattering principle. The particle size decreased and the zeta-potential increased with the increasing of the added amount of α-LA in β-carotene emulsion; but they did not change significantly (P>0.05) after adding more than 1.50% α-LA as the emulsifier. Adding more α-LA (0.25%-1.50%), the encapsulation rate was improved in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the encapsulation rate when more than 1.50% α-LA was added in β-carotene emulsion. We used Turbiscan Lab Expert to evaluate the physical stability of β-carotene emulsion. Turbiscan stability index (TSI) of the top part of β-carotene emulsion was determined. TSI decreased with the increasing of the amount of added α-LA. When the addition of α-LA was more than 1.50%, there was no change in TSI, which meant the physical stability of β-carotene emulsion had become good. To remove continuous phase α-LA in β-carotene emulsion, we used the ultra high speed centrifuge to separate the oil phase and aqueous phase. The interfacial α-LA concentration increased significantly with the increasing addition of α-LA (P<0.05). There was multilayered α-LA on the interface between oil and water. This could explain the change of particle size, zeta-potential, encapsulation rate and TSI of β-carotene emulsion with the increasing addition of α-LA. β-carotene concentrations in emulsion samples were analyzed through the whole storage time. With less α-LA (0.25%-0.75%) the more degradation of β-carotene was observed during the storage under 55℃. The chemical stability of β-carotene was improved when more than 1.00% α-LA was added as the emulsifier in β-carotene emulsion. These results show that α-LA can be a kind of good emulsifier and the proper amount of addition is 1.50% in β-carotene emulsion. This study can be helpful to increase β-carotene utilization in food industry. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Emulsification
Controlled terms:Biochemistry - Chemical stability - Convergence of numerical methods - Degradation - Diseases - Emulsions - Food products - Light scattering - Oils and fats - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Pigments - Proteins - Stability - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Change of particle-size - Chemical and physical properties - Dose-dependent manner - Laser particle size analyzer - Malvern instruments - Mean particle diameter - Oil-in-water emulsions - Potent antioxidants
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 2.50e-01% to 1.50e+00%, Percentage 2.50e-01% to 7.50e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.060
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20164603020508
Title:Suitability analysis of fresh-cut vegetable processing for twenty main green capsicum cultivars in China
Authors:Shen, Yue (1); Gao, Meixu (1); Yang, Li (1); Zhao, Xin (1); Chen, Xue (1); Wang, Zhidong (1); Li, Shurong (2); Wang, Li (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Food Science And Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Department of Food and Biological Engineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing; 102442, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Meixu(meixugao@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:359-368
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to evaluate the suitability for fresh-cut vegetable processing of green capsicum, 20 main cultivars of green capsicum in China were collected and planted in greenhouse, and fruits were picked at the similar maturity level. Seventeen indices of the fruits were measured, which included physical and chemical indices (L<sup>*</sup>, a<sup>*</sup>and b<sup>*</sup>value, sensory evaluation score, product yield ratio, fruit hardness, pulp thickness, moisture content, ratio of sugar to acid, soluble solids, titratable acid), and functional indices (vitamin C content, total phenolics content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH value), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP value), ABTS<sup>+·</sup>radical scavenging activity (ABTS value) and beta carotene content). Significance analysis of basic measured data was carried out by SAS 9.2. Main evaluation indices were filtered by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and variable cluster analysis. The weight of main evaluation indices were determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The suitability for fresh-cut vegetable processing of the 20 tested green pepper cultivars was appraised by grey relational degree analysis method. The basic data of 17 indices on 20 green pepper cultivars were measured and analyzed. Results of significance analysis showed that all indices varied from one tested green capsicum cultivar to another one excepted for moisture content, and the 3 indices which had the top coefficient of variation were b<sup>*</sup>value, beta carotene content and FRAP value. Among all the tested 20 cultivars, "Longjiao No. 5" had the highest content of vitamin C, "Jingla No. 2" had the highest content of beta carotene and "Jingyanzhoupila" had the strongest antioxidant capacity. Results of correlation analysis showed that fruit hardness had significantly negative correlation with sensory evaluation score and the correlation coefficient was -0.68, however it had positive correlation with soluble solid content and the correlation coefficient was 0.72. Sugar-acid ratio and titratable acid showed significantly negative correlation and the correlation coefficient was -0.81. Vitamin C content showed positive correlation with FRAP value, ABTS value and total phenol content, and the correlation coefficient was 0.69, 0.73 and 0.58 respectively. Pulp thickness had negative correlation with vitamin C content and total phenol content, and the correlation coefficient was -0.5 and -0.6 respectively. Beta carotene content had significantly negative correlation with L<sup>*</sup>and b<sup>*</sup>value and the correlation coefficient was -0.63 and -0.66 respectively. The number of main evaluation indices was determined by principal component analysis, the tested indices at the same level of clustering were divided by variable cluster analysis, and the representative index in each category was decided by factor assessment method; then the 6 indices, including sensory evaluation score, vitamin C content, product yield ratio, ratio of sugar to acid, beta carotene content and total phenol content, were filtered as the main evaluation factors for fresh-cut processing and their weighting was 38.15%, 26.55%, 18.37%, 9.00%, 5.00%, 2.94% respectively, which was determined by APH method. The grey correlation analysis was applied based on above results, and it was found that the best cultivars for fresh-cut processing were "Guofu No. 311" and "Zhongjiao No. 106" for mild spicy green capsicum, "Longjiao No. 6" for spicy green capsicum and "Xingshuzhoupila" for very spicy green capsicum. It is concluded that the collected basic data and the established analysis system can be used for suitability evaluation of fresh-cut vegetable processing, and also provide scientific guidance for green capsicum breeding and breeding of varieties that are rich in functional components. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sensory analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Analytic hierarchy process - Antioxidants - Chemical analysis - Cluster analysis - Correlation methods - Free radicals - Fruits - Hardness - Moisture - Moisture determination - Passive filters - Phenols - Principal component analysis - Processing - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - DPPH free radical scavenging activities - Fresh-cut - Green capsicum - Grey correlation - Grey correlation analysis - Grey relational degree analysis - Radical scavenging activity
Classification code:703.2 Electric Filters - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 2.66e+01%, Percentage 2.94e+00%, Percentage 3.81e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.051
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20164603020705
Title:Effects of cattle manure addition on soil organic carbon mineralization and priming effects under long-term fertilization regimes
Authors:Qi, Ruimin (1); Zhao, Bingqiang (1); Li, Juan (1); Lin, Zhian (1); Li, Yanting (1); Yang, Xiangdong (1); Li, Zhijie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Juan(lijuan02@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:118-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important part of carbon cycle in the terrestrial ecosystem, and it is directly related to the nutrient cycling and utilization in the soil, crop productivity, greenhouse gases emission, SOC storage, and so on. It is reported that the SOC mineralization is significantly affected by the environmental factors such as different fertilization practices, the exogenous organic matter addition, and so on, and even small changes of the SOC can lead to higher impact on the dynamics of soil ecosystems. In order to reveal the effect of cattle manure addition on the SOC mineralization and the priming effects under long-term fertilization regime, an incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of equal rate of cattle manure addition on the mineralization of SOC and contents of soil labile organic carbon fractions (microbial biomass carbon, MBC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; particulate organic carbon, POC; and easily oxidizable carbon, EOC) in the long-term fertilization trials (control with no-fertilizer, CK; standard rate of organic manure treatment, SMA; standard rate of mineral fertilizer treatment, SMF; half-standard rate of organic manure plus half-standard rate of mineral fertilizer treatment, 1/2(SMA+SMF)), which were established in 1986 in Yucheng City, Shandong province, China. During incubation, soil moisture was adjusted to 60% of the field capacity with deionized water, and the fresh soil sample (equal to 100 g dry soil), adding cattle manure or not, was placed into a 500 mL wide-mouthed bottle sealed with a rubber plug and then incubated in the darkness for 79 d. The bottle plug was opened for gas exchange at regular intervals, and the soil moisture was adjusted gravimetrically with deionized water to maintain the 60% field capacity. We determined soil chemical properties and labile organic carbon fractions using the standard methods and the SOC mineralization by collecting gas at regular intervals in a 79 d incubation experiment. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between priming effects of soil organic carbon mineralization among different fertilized soils with cattle manure addition and soil nutrients with redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the curve of accumulative mineralization amounts of SOC in the different fertilizer-treated soils were fitting with first-order kinetical equation, and the SOC mineralization rate constants in CK, SMF and 1/2(SMA+SMF) with cattle manure addition increased by 21.74%, 35.00% and 45.00%, respectively; and the positive priming effects in CK and SMF treatments with cattle manure addition were 48.56% and 48.43%, much higher than those in the SMA and 1/2(SMA+SMF) treatments. Moreover, cattle manure addition significantly increased the contents of SOC, MBC, POC and EOC, but significantly reduced DOC content. Redundancy analysis showed that the priming effects of SOC mineralization in long-term fertilized soils with cattle manure addition had significantly positive correlations with the C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio of labile fractions, but had significantly negative correlations with the soil nutrient contents (SOC; total nitrogen; available phosphorus, available potassium). In conclusion, this study is beneficial to achieve the maximum benefits of agricultural resources and apply organic fertilizer reasonably, which provides a theoretical basis for sustainable development of farmland ecosystem. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:50
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bottles - Curve fitting - Deionized water - Ecology - Ecosystems - Forestry - Greenhouse gases - Manures - Mineralogy - Moisture - Nutrients - Organic carbon - Rate constants - Redundancy - Soil moisture - Soils - Sustainable development - Water analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Dissolved organic carbon - Greenhouse gases emissions - Microbial biomass carbon - Particulate organic carbon - Priming effects - Redundancy analysis (RDA) - Soil organic carbon
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 482 Mineralogy - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e-01kg, Percentage 2.17e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 4.84e+01%, Percentage 4.86e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Volume 5.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20164603020511
Title:Optimization of flavonoids extraction from Tartary buckwheat rice and analysis of its hypoglycemic activity
Authors:Bao, Tao (1); Wang, Ye (3); Sun, Chongde (2); Niu, Xinghe (3); Yang, Haiying (3); Chen, Lishui (3); Su, Xuan (1); Chen, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO Ltd., Beijing; 102209, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Wei(zjuchenwei@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:383-389
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to the presence of high content of proteins, polyphenols, and minerals, tartary buckwheat has been widely recognized for its nutritional values. Various parts of the globe buckwheat are used as a bran, groats, flour and rice. There are two types of buckwheat cultivated around the world including common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Recent studies have reported that Tartary buckwheat contained multiple bioactive components, especially rich in flavonoids. It was also reported that Tartary buckwheat contained more bioactive components than common buckwheat. The potential health benefits of buckwheat have been paid attention to in the forms of food, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. However, no detailed study on various factors which can influence the activity of flavonoid content of buckwheat has been found. Therefore, the present study was aimed to optimize the extraction procedures of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice. Firstly, we analyzed the impact of multiple factors such as ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, extraction time and temperature on the yield of flavonoids. Further response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum conditions for the flavonoid extraction from tartary buckwheat rice. Graphical representation of flavonoid yield on 3D response surface graph indicated that the optimum factors including ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, extraction time and temperature were tentatively 54%, 1:24 g/mL, 62 min and 71℃ respectively. Total flavonoid content of tartary buckwheat rice was 2.20%. Moreover, we evaluated the anti-diabetic activity of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice using α- amylase inhibition assay and cellular glucose uptake assay. α-Amylase inhibition activity of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice was compared with a widely used pharmacological amylase inhibitor metformin. Our results indicated that 7.5 mg/mL flavonoids showed 54.05% inhibition of α-amylase activity, which is nearly equal to 5 mg/mL of metformin. Further cellular glucose consumption assay showed that flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice significantly increased the glucose consumption by 48.73% in HpeG2 cells as compared to control group. In order to study the possible mechanism that the flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice could improve glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, we next measured the intracellular glycogen content. Our results showed that glycogen content in HepG2 cells was increased to 311% after treated with 50 μg/mL of flavonoids compared with that in control group, which indicated that flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice can significantly promote the synthesis of glycogen. Taken together, these results suggested that the ability of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice to promote the glucose consumption in HepG2 cells may be due to the increase of glycogen synthesis. In summary, we optimized the extraction process of flavonoids from tartary buckwheat rice. Besides, we also evaluated the inhibition ability of flavonoids on α-amylase and demonstrated that tartary buckwheat flavonoids could significantly inhibit the activity of α-amylase. We employed cell glucose consumption assay and glycogen assay to further evaluate the antidiabetic effect in cellular level, and found that tartary buckwheat flavonoids could effectively improve the consumption of glucose and the synthesis of glycogen. Our results indicated that tartary buckwheat flavonoids have an auxiliary effect of hypoglycemic. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Amylases - Cells - Cytology - Dietary supplements - Ethanol - Extraction - Flavonoids - Glucose - Nutrition - Optimization - Surface properties - Technology
Uncontrolled terms:Alpha-amylase activity - Alpha-amylase inhibitions - Ethanol concentrations - Graphical representations - Hypoglycemic - Response surface methodology - Tartary buckwheat - Total flavonoid contents
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.7 Health Care - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.40e+04kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.50e+00kg/m3, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 3.11e+02%, Percentage 4.87e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01%, Time 3.72e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.054
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20164603020694
Title:Effects of tillage regimes on soil micro-environments and yield of winter wheat in rainfed areas in southern Henan province, China
Authors:Zhang, Deqi (1); Yue, Junqin (1); Li, Xiangdong (1); Wang, Hanfang (1); Shao, Yunhui (1); Fang, Baoting (1); Yang, Cheng (1); Qin, Feng (1); Ma, Fuju (1); Shi, Yanhua (1); Chen, Yuankai (1); Cheng, Hongjian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Laboratory of Wheat Engineering, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xiangdong(hnlxd@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:32-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There was the ecological reality that the precipitation amount basically meet the crop needs but the inter- and intra-annual precipitation was unevenly distributed in rainfed areas in south of Henan province, and poor tillage also limited agriculture development. The paper provided a theoretical basis in order to solve the problems of sowing drought, the winter and spring drought, and improve topsoil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other factors. The effects of different tillage regimes on the soil temperature, water content, bulk density and yield of winter wheat in the rain-fed farming region in southern Henan of China was studied. The experiment was conducted from 2007 to 2015, with six treatments, i.e., T1(traditional tillage and cultivation), T2(non-straw-mulching for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat), T3(straw mulching for corn + non-tillage for wheat), T4(pre-sowing deep plough for corn + non-tillage for wheat), T5(straw mulching and pre-sowing subsoiling for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat) and T6(straw mulching and rotary tillage). The results showed that, straw mulching and subsoiling effectively improved soil water content, and reserved higher soil water content in 0-40 cm soil layer at the seeding stage. There were less difference of the average temperature among different treatments during the wintering period and turning green stage. Meanwhile, straw mulching and pre-sowing subsoiling for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat non-tillage regimes effectively reduced 0-40 cm soil bulk density. In the first three years, the yearly average yield of straw mulching (T5) was lower than T1(CK), while from the fifth fourth year, the yield of (straw mulching)T5 treatment started to increase by 2.02%, 2.83%, 10.93%, 5.88%, 1.97% from 2011 to 2015. These results suggests that (straw mulching)T5 regime can effectively use precipitation resources, and also increase soil fertility and yield of winter wheat in rainfed areas in southern Henan province. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Cultivation - Drought - Fertilizers - Moisture - Rain - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture development - Annual precipitation - Different treatments - Henan Province - Microenvironments - Precipitation resources - Tillage methods - Winter wheat
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+00%, Percentage 2.02e+00%, Percentage 2.83e+00%, Percentage 5.88e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20164603020712
Title:Model establishment and zoning of wind-dust risk assessment to featured forestry and fruit industry in Xinjiang
Authors:Lu, Tianping (1); Guo, Jing (2); Cheng, Meng (3); Li, Hong (1); Aimaiti, Yusupujiang (1); Liu, Yongping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Afforestation and Desertification Control, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi; 830000, China; (2) Research Institute of Landscape, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi; 830000, China; (3) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Forestry Pest Control and Quarantine Bureau, Urumqi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, Meng(guojing7227279@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:169-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the earth, which consists from hazard bearing environment, hazard formative factors, hazard affected bodies, etc. Wind dust is one of the three major disasters of featured forestry and fruit industry in Xinjiang. The wind dust hazard caused great damage to the growth and yield of featured forestry and fruits in Xinjiang, due to its sudden happening, wide range of hazard affected areas and tremendous loss, meanwhile it has significant impact to the economy of local farmers and the whole region. To provide certain basis for the relevant production departments to defense and reduce the side effects of sandstorm disasters, this studyanalyzed the risk composition of wind dust disasters in three aspects, such as the risks of hazard-formative factor, the sensitivity of hazard affected environment and vulnerability of hazard bearing bodies, based on the theory of natural disaster system, combined with the characteristics of wind-dust disaster to the featured forestry and fruit industry in Xinjiang, and associated with the auxiliary data sets such as meteorological, basic geo-information and the agricultural and social economic data sets.In the disaster risk assessment zoning, reasonable empowerment for each hazard-formative factor would directly affect the reliability and formality of assessment results. This studyused the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and weighted comprehensive assessment method for properly selecting the item weighted indices for each factors in the disaster assessment model. According to the risk composition characteristics, this paper summarized the risk assessment indices in three aspects: the risk model of hazard-formative factors(intensity of wind-dust, wind days and frequency of wind-dust), sensitivity model of hazard affected environment(average wind speed, relative humidity, average temperature anddesertification area) and vulnerability model of hazard bearing bodies(GDPper area, cultivated land area, featured forest and fruit area, GDPper capita, development level of agricultural production), etc., and established the model of individual and integrated assessment indices, then discussed the practical principle of these indices to the assessment of wind-dust risks. Finally, on the basis of the comprehensive index model, the ArcGIS spatial analysis module tools was used todeterminethe assigned weights for each single evaluation index and proceed overlay analysis, to get the special distribution map of these three wind dust risk assessment indices, and overlaythe three indices to get the map of wind-dust risk assessment zone of featured forestry and fruit industry in Xinjiang. According to the comprehensive evaluation index(R) value, the system divided the Xinjiang region to fiveprevention and control area, and from the spatial distribution, southern forestry and fruit industry suffer higher wind dust risk than northern part. From the local distribution, the effects of wind dust hazards to forestry and fruit industry of southern margin of the Taklimakan desert and Hotan region are most significant.classified as the primary prevention and control area; For Toghrak desert, Bugiridesert, Kumtag desert, Gaxungobi district in Kashgar, Bazhou, Hami and Turpan regions, their forestry and fruit industry suffers relatively sever wind dust hazards, and classified as secondary prevention and control area; Other areas are classified as tertiary prevention and control area. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Risk assessment
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Analytic hierarchy process - Disasters - Dust - Forestry - Fruits - Hazards - Industrial economics - Landforms - Models - Reliability theory - Spatial distribution - Storms - Timber - Wind - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Composition characteristics - Comprehensive assessment - Comprehensive evaluation index - Disaster risk assessments - Integrated assessment - Prevention and controls
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20164603020720
Title:Aeration parameter optimization for improving biological effectiveness of biogas slurry
Authors:Zhang, Bangxi (1, 2); Sun, Qiaoping (1); Li, Shuyan (1); Li, Guoxue (1); Du, Longlong (1); Wang, Yaya (1); Yuan, Jing (1); Zhang, Difang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang; 550006, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:226-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biogas has been well developed as one of the key technologies for achieving a virtuous circular modern agriculture, with environmental benefits that no chemical fertilizer compares with. However, large amount of improperly disposed biogas slurry may cause serious environmental problems, as the biogas slurry from livestock manure has high biological toxicity for high molecular solid organic compounds during anaerobic digestion. Thus, various studies and experiments have been conducted to achieve the goal that biogas slurry could be cleansed scientifically and used safely in the vast rural area. Among them, aeration treatment was widely used for biogas slurry in drip irrigation and had been proved a constructive method that advanced crop growth when adopted appropriately. However, there was limited information available on aeration parameters. In this study, we discussed the influence of aeration on nutrient and toxicity of biogas slurry which were applied by compounding MLSS, HRT, gas-water ratio and pH. Our aim was finding out the regulation of nutrient variation biogas slurry through the aeration by the investigation of amino acid, major element and GI, screening the suitable aeration rate, and proving the changes of the biogas slurry before and after aeration through the hydroponic experiment of Maize. We also observed maize grow to determine the parameters of the slurry which matched the due need of maize growth. The results showed that the aeration treatment could reduce the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus content, and biological toxicity in biogas slurry, and the biological toxicity decreased significantly after aerobic sludge was added. The amino acid content in biogas slurry fluctuated under aeration treatment. The optimization aeration parameters for keeping the maximum content was 8000 mg/L for MLSS, 2h for Hydraulic retention time (HRT), 20:1 for gas water ratio, and 8.5 for pH. The optimization aeration parameters for reducing the biotoxicity was 6000 mg/L for MLSS, 1h for Hydraulic retention time (HRT), 40:1 for gas water ratio, and 6.5 for pH. Through maize hydroponics experiment, the optimization parameters was 8000 mg/L for MLSS, 2h for Hydraulic retention time (HRT), 20:1 for gas water ratio, and 8.5 for pH, which was the optimization aeration parameters for keep the maximum content. Comparing the two optimization procedures concerning maize hydroponic experiments, we found maize grew better in the biogas slurry with optimized amino acid content but on contrary, maize in slurry with reduced biological toxicity grew worse than those in untreated slurry. The present results would provide useful information and technical proof on further research of effective usage of biogas slurry along with reducing the risk of environmental pollution and ultimately achieve the goal of agricultural pollution reduction. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Amino acids - Anaerobic digestion - Environmental technology - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Nutrients - Optimization - Pollution - Toxicity - Water aeration
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural pollution - Biogas slurry - Biological effectiveness - Biological toxicity - Environmental pollutions - Hydraulic retention time - Optimization procedures - Parameter optimization
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.7 Health Care - 522 Gas Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 6.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.00e+00kg/m3, Time 3.60e+03s, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20164603020713
Title:Response of aeolian desertification to regional climate change in Horqin sandy land at beginning of 21st century
Authors:Wang, Yongfang (1, 2); Zhang, Jiquan (1, 2); Ma, Qiyun (1, 2); Zhu, Meng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun; 130117, China; (2) Nature Disaster Research Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun; 130117, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jiquan(zhangjq022@nenu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:177-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Using time series MODIS-NDVI dataset in growing season from 2000 to 2013 and precipitation, temperature, evaporation and wind speed data, dynamic change of aeolian desertification and its response to regional climate change in Horqin sandy land at the beginning of 21st century were studied in this paper. A dimidiate pixel model was chosen to calculate the vegetation coverage index (VCI), and aeolian desertification index (ADI) was established on the basis of negative correlation between VCI and aeolian desertification degree. Then, a classification system of ADI was developed by the decision tree method. In addition, linear regression was used for the temporal trend analysis of ADI and the selected climate factors. Mann-Kendall statistical test was used to estimate the significance of the trends. To reveal the effects of climate change on aeolian desertification further, this study analyzed the correlation between climate factors and aeolian desertified lands at an administrative scale using Pearson's correlation analysis method. The result showed that the aeolian desertification underwent a process of reversion-development-reversion in Horqin sandy land at the beginning of 21st century, among which the area of aeolian desertified lands decreased in periods from 2000 to 2005 and from 2009 to 2013 and increased from 2005 to 2009. The areas of slight and medium aeolian desertified lands changed in a significant downward trend. The areas of serious and extreme serious aeolian desertified lands changed in a non-significant downward trend. The non-aeolian desertified lands were mainly distributed in the northwest parts while the serious and extreme serious aeolian desertified lands were in the southwest parts of the study area. The slight and the medium aeolian desertified lands were wildly distributed in the northern, eastern and the southern parts of the study area. The precipitation was on the rise while the temperature, evaporation, and the windy days driving sand were on the decline with the trends slope of 8.34 mm/a, -0.04℃/a, -23.56 mm/a and -1.7 d/a, respectively, among which the downward trends of evaporation and the windy days driving sand were significant. In spatial distribution, areas where the precipitation increased strongly were manly distributed in northeast and northern part while the areas where temperature decreased obviously were in the west and southeast of the study area. Areas where evaporation decreased significantly were distributed in the center and southeast part (around Horqin district and Jarud Banner) and that of windy days driving sand was in south, southeast and eastern part of the study area. Aeolian desertification in Horqin sandy land was mainly affected by hydrothermal condition, especially in the 2 periods of 2000-2005 and 2009-2013. The increase in precipitation and the reduction in evaporation made regional climate more humid, and the twice reverse of aeolian desertification. Reduction in evaporation was closely connected with the temperature decrease. Although the windy days driving sand declined significantly, it had little effect on aeolian desertification. In addition, climate impact on desertification had regional differences, and the areas where were affected by climate were mainly concentrated in the eastern and southeastern parts of the study area. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Climatology - Correlation methods - Decision trees - Evaporation - Factor analysis - Precipitation (chemical) - Sand - Temperature - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Classification system - Correlation analysis - Desertification - Horqin sandy lands - Hydrothermal conditions - Negative correlation - Regional climate changes - Temperature decrease
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20164603020719
Title:Characteristics and efficiency evaluation of livestock slurry separation technologies
Authors:Jiang, Tao (1, 2); Wen, Zhiguo (1); Ma, Xuguang (1); Yang, Juan (1); Chen, Maoxia (1); Schuchardt, Frank (3); Li, Guoxue (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan; 614004, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute, Braunschweig; 38116, Germany
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:218-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The separation efficiencies of different separation technologies of livestock slurries were studied in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques were evaluated so as the suitable livestock slurries. Results showed that the moisture content of solid phase from gravity separation technologies was too high (>90%), although it had the best separation efficiency on organic particles with diameter less than 1mm. Static rundown was the most widely and easily used separator, it was economic especially in large scale. The trafficable sediment basin could be used as the pretreatment of anaerobic digestion or other separation technologies. The cost of rotating screen and vibrating screen was higher than that of static rundown, and always need more maintenance. All mechanical screening technologies were efficiently to remove the fibrous, but were poorly on the soluble nutrient. The solid state from all mechanical screening could be used for fermentation directly. The presses technologies can enhance the separation efficiency of the phosphorus as well as the TS content in the solid state, but increased the costs simultaneously. Decanter centrifuge worked most efficiently, especially on phosphorus and fine particles, but was ineffectively to deal with dilute slurry. Decanter centrifuge was the only technique which could produce seemingly clarifying liquid state that can be used in many ways but the investment and manage cost were too high to popularize in China. Scarcely any technologies could separate the VAFs efficiently, so the BOD and odor cannot be removed in the same way. Combination different technologies to enhance the separation efficiency while decrease the water content will be the way of future technology development. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Separation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Anaerobic digestion - Centrifuges - Costs - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Manures - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Slurries - Slurry pipelines
Uncontrolled terms:Efficiency evaluation - Future technologies - Gravity separation - Liquid separation - Screening technology - Separation efficiency - Separation technologies - Total solids
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20164603020701
Title:Effects of intercropping and waxy maize stalk returning on distribution of soil aggregate and soil organic carbon in broccoli continuous cropping filed
Authors:Yang, Yan (1); Zhang, Xuepeng (2); Ning, Tangyuan (1); Liu, Zhen (1); Sun, Xiaohan (1); He, Zhenkun (1); Li, Zengjia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Circular Agriculture Research Center /College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Ning, Tangyuan(ningty@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:85-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the large-scale and intensive development of vegetable planting, continuous cropping obstacles have become more and more serious. Intercropping farming and straw returning have great values for improving soil ecological environment in vegetable fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of soil water-stable aggregate distribution and stability after 6 years in response to long-term relay-intercropping and crop straw management experiment in broccoli and waxy maize cropping system. Three treatments were used: relay-intercropping mode of broccoli and waxy maize with waxy maize straw returning (B/MR-B), relay-intercropping mode of broccoli and waxy maize without waxy maize straw returning (B/M-B) and broccoli continuous cropping (B-B). As a result, the size class of soil water-stable aggregate decreased with the soil layers deepening, while the distribution range was concentrated. The main ranges in seedlingperiod and ball-flower growth period were 0.25-0.5 mm and <0.25 mm size classes. In vegetative period, the main ranges were 0.5-1 mm and 0.25-0.5 mm size classes. While in vegetable harvest period, the main ranges were 0.5-1 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm and <0.25 mm size classes. The size classes of 0.5-1 mm and 0.25-0.5 mm in B-B treatment were lower than in other treatments. On the contrary, the size classes of <0.25 mm in B-B treatment were significantly higher than in other treatments. During whole growth period of broccoli, the water-stable macro-aggregate followed by B/MR-B>B/M-B>B-B. Relay-intercropping with straw returning significantly increased the content of the soil organic carbon (SOC). Meanwhile, the water-stable macro-aggregate was also correlated with the SOC content according to the multiple regression analysis. The water-stable macro-aggregate was extremely significantly positively correlations with SOC in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers (P<0.01). In the 20-40 cm layers, the water-stable macro-aggregate were significantly positively correlations with SOC (P<0.05). Our findings indicated that relay-intercropping with straw returning increases the proportion of water-stability aggregate, improves soil physical and chemical properties and reduces continuous cropping obstacles. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Chemical stability - Organic carbon - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Continuous cropping obstacles - Ecological environments - Multiple regression analysis - Relay-intercropping - Soil physical and chemical properties - Soil water-stable aggregates - Water stability - Water-stable macro-aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.00e+00yr, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.50e-04m to 5.00e-04m, Size 5.00e-04m to 1.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20164603020512
Title:Optimization of process conditions of dry longan pulp fermented by complex lactic acid bacteria
Authors:Lai, Ting (1); Zhang, Mingwei (1); Liu, Lei (1); Zhang, Ruifen (1); Deng, Yuanyuan (1); Chi, Jianwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou; 510610, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Mingwei(mwzhh@vip.tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:390-397
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a subtropical fruit, and it contains many nutritional and functional components such as carbohydrates, fiber, and phenolics. However, the fresh longan fruit is susceptible to spoilage and has a short storage life, so it is necessary to develop a new product of longan by fermentation. The purpose of this study was to obtain the complex lactic acid bacteria being suitable for fermentation of dry longan pulp, and the optimizaiton of process conditions of fermentation. The effect of seven lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus casei, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp·Plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ) fermentations on the Lactobacillus colonies, the pH value, the acidity and the content of reducing sugar and free phenolic was analyzed. The result showed that the content of reducing sugar was consumed and the content of free phenolic was increased in seven lactic acid bacteria fermentations in dry longan pulp. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarumsubsp·Plantarum were selected by comparing the effect of seven lactic acid bacteria fermention. The conditions of longan pulp fermented by complex lactic acid bacteria were optimized through the single factor experiment, and factors included solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, complex lactobacillus inoculation, complex lactobacillus matching shift. The result showed that solid-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and complex lactobacillus inoculation were significant influence factors in dry longan pulp fermented by complex lactic acid bacteria. And the suitable conditions in dry longan pulp fermented by complex lactic acid bacteria were solid-liquid ratio1:7 (g/mL), fermentation temperature 35℃, fermentation time 48 h, complex lactobacillus inoculation 1%. Complex lactobacillus matching shift could not significantly effect on the fuzzy evaluation value in dry longan pulp fermented by complex lactic acid bacteria, which synthetically expressed the changing situation of the content of free phenolics and sugar in dry longan pulp. The conditions of longan pulp fermented by complex lactic acid bacteria were optimized through Box-Benhnken central composite experimental design based on the indicators of the fuzzy evaluation value. A regression model of four factors including the fermentation time, the mixed lactobacillus inoculation, solid-liquid ratio and the fermentation temperature was established. Through regression analysis and validation test, the optimum conditions were solid-liquid ratio1:7 (g/mL), fermentation temperature 37℃, fermentation time 53 h, complex lactobacillus inoculation 1.4%, complex lactobacillus matching shift 1:1. These four factors which impacted on the free phenolics and reducing sugar content in descending order were fermentation time, fermentation temperature, complex lactobacillus inoculation and solid-liquid ratio. Fermentation time and fermentation temperature were significant interaction terms. Complex lactobacillus inoculation and fermentation time were significant interaction terms. The fuzzy evaluation value prepared under the optimum conditions was 89.32, and the relative error was 2.70% between predictive fuzzy evaluation value (91.80) and true fuzzy evaluation value. The free phenolics and reducing sugar content prepared under the optimum conditions respectively were (161.77±3.93) mg/(100 g), (122.80±3.64) mg/g. This research provides a theoretical guidance for the development of longan beverage fermented by lactic acid bacteria, which contains the lower sugar content and is suitable for some patients with diseases such as diabetes and obesity. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Liquid sugar
Controlled terms:Bacilli - Bacteria - Fermentation - Fruits - Lactic acid - Liquids - Optimization - Regression analysis - Technology
Uncontrolled terms:Lactic acid bacteria - Lactic acid bacteria fermentations - Lactobacillus acidophilus - Lactobacillus delbrueckii - Longan - Phenolics - Reducing sugars - Single-factor experiments
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e-01kg, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 2.70e+00%, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 1.91e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.055
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20164603020739
Title:Selection of alternative soil for filling reclamation with Yellow River sediment in coal-mining subsidence areas
Authors:Shao, Fang (1); Hu, Zhenqi (1); Wang, Peijun (1); Li, Xingyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhenqi(huzq1963@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:352-358
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Underground coal mining results in large-area subsidence and severely disrupts agricultural production in eastern China, especially in Jining City, due to high underground water table and flat terrain. The most common method of reclaiming the subsidence areas in Jining City is filling reclamation. However, filling materials (such as fly ash, coal waste) have some disadvantages, such as heavy metal pollution and insufficient quantity. Jining City is located along the Yellow River, which has the largest sediment concentration in the world. Due to this, some researchers have proposed a method of filling subsidence areas with Yellow River sediment. However, in some subsidence areas, insufficient soil cover on sediment layer is a critical problem; in addition, the soil texture of some areas is clay which is not good for crop growth. For these reasons, we proposed a method of alternative soil over Yellow River sediment layer. The alternative soil was composed of topsoil, subsoil and Yellow River sediment, and the proportions were 1:1:0, 1:1:0.86, 1:1:1.33, 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:1:4.67 and 0:0:1, respectively. The research results showed that, alternative soil favored maize growth, especially root system, and the dry biomass of maize planting in alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:1.33-1:1:2 was significantly larger than the control treatment (P<0.05). The texture of alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:0.86-1:1:2 was loam, which is good for crop growth. The bulk density and the density of alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:0.86-1:1:2 were 1.38-1.41 and 2.64-2.68 g/cm<sup>3</sup>respectively, which were suitable for crop growth. Compared with the control treatment, the alternative soil had a considerable reduction in pH value and electrical conductivity (P<0.05), which was not harmful to crop growth. The infiltration rate of alternative soil was increased, which favored water storage capacity, and the alternative soil with the proportions of 1:1:0.86-1:1:2 had the similar infiltration rate to natural farmland. As for soil-water characteristic curves, water content of the alternative soil decreased with the increasing of sediment content under the same soil water suction. Furthermore, capillary porosity, available water porosity and water constants of alternative soil were also roughly decreased with the increasing of sediment content, which meant that soil available water supply capacity and water-holding capacity were decreased. Field capacity, moisture content at capillary rupture, wilting coefficient and hygroscopic coefficient of alternative soil with the proportion of 0:0:1 were the minimum among all treatments, which were 6.15%, 3.70%, 1.59% and 0.72%, respectively. In addition, with the principle that the better the more alternative soil over Yellow River sediment, we recommend that the alternative soil with 50% sediment (1:1:2 proportion) is the suitable material in filling reclamation with the Yellow River sediment. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Coal - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Crops - Cutting machines (mining) - Filling - Fly ash - Groundwater - Heavy metals - Land reclamation - Porosity - Reclamation - River pollution - Rivers - Sand - Sediments - Soil moisture - Soils - Subsidence - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Coal mining subsidences - Electrical conductivity - Soil-water characteristic curve - Underground coal mining - Underground water table - Water holding capacity - Yellow river
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.64e+03kg/m3 to 2.68e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.59e+00%, Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.15e+00%, Percentage 7.20e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.050
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20164603020736
Title:Component analysis of pyrolysis bio-oil from three major components of biomass and Pinus yunnanensis by ZSM-5 catalytic
Authors:Wang, Fei (1); Zheng, Yunwu (1, 2); Huang, Yuanbo (1, 2); Yang, Xiaoqin (1); Liu, Can (1); Xu, Gaofeng (1); Zheng, Zhifeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) University Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Refinery & Synthesis, College of Materials Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; Yunnan Province; 650224, China; (2) College of Materials Science & Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zhifeng(zhengzhifeng@swfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:331-337
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the catalytic pyrolysis process of the three components (Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) with participation of mesoporous ZSM-5, Firstly the pyrolysis of three major components in biomass and wood powder of Pinus yunnanensis were conducted. Then catalytic pyrolysis of the three major components (microcrystalline cellulose, xylan and alkali lignin) and wood powder of Pinus yunnanensis were carried out with the mesoporous ZSM-5 as catalyst. Compositions of the derived bio-oil were identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). By comparing the product distribution in bio-oil between pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of three major components and wood powder, the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of biomass was studied. What is more, ZSM-5 was analyzed by N<inf>2</inf>adsorption-desorption and XRD diffraction, and ultimate analysis of bio-oil obtained were also identified. The results indicated that during catalytic pyrolysis of three major components and Pinus yunnanensis, mesoporous ZSM-5 showed different performance. The results of XRD diffraction pattern and N<inf>2</inf>absorption/desorption demonstrated ZSM-5 used had abundant mesopores with mean pore size of 6.23nm. Through pyrolysis cellulose was mainly converted into β-D-allose (20.39%), furfural, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3-propyl glutaric acid, and 2, 4-Pentadienoic acid. In the process of catalytic pyrolysis, ZSM-5 transformed β-D-allose (20.39%), furfural, 3-Propyl glutaric acid, and 2, 4-Pentadienoic acid into 1-methylnaphthalene and 2, 6-dimethylnaphthalene. ZSM-5 performed the supreme catalytic activity for cellulose among 4 feedstocks, and the relative content of total aromatics in bio-oil obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose was 63.89%. The raw bio-oil from hemicellulose pyrolysis mainly contained furfural (67.78%) and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. But in the course of catalytic pyrolysis, the relative content of furfural reduced drastically to 2.66% while the relative content of aromatics increased to 36.81%, especially, naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene. The primary composition in bio-oil from lignin pyrolysis was 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (82.33%), which was converted into 1, 7-Dimethylnaphthalene and 1, 8-dimethylnaphthalene by ZSM-5 through catalytic pyrolysis. The content of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol decreased to 77.97% while the relative content of total aromatics increased to 14.14%. The bio-oil obtained from Pinus yunnanensis pyrolysis contained 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (9.73%), 2-methoxy-4 methyl phenol, (Z)-isoeugenol, and 4-hydroxy-3-tert- butylanisole. Through catalytic pyrolysis 2-methoxy-4 methyl phenol and (Z)-isoeugenol were obviously converted into 1-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylene-1 hydrogen-indene, and 2, 6-dimethylnaphthalene, and the total aromatics in bio-oil reached at 53.99%. When the Pinus yunnanensis was used as feedstock, the reusability and regeneration of mesoporous ZSM-5 were studied by comparing the chemical components and ultimate analysis of bio-oil. With the use time of ZSM-5 increasing from 1 to 3, in bio-oil the amount of oxygen compounds augmented while aromatics content reduced from 53.99% to 43.32%, and the ultimate analysis showed O content increased with the decreased C content. However, the full catalytic performance of regenerated mesoporous ZSM-5 restored almost. After regeneration ZSM-5 yielded bio-oil with aromatics content of 52.14% and O content of 26.89%. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Aromatization - Biofuels - Biomass - Catalyst activity - Cellulose - Chemical analysis - Curricula - Diffraction - Feedstocks - Furfural - Hydrocarbons - Lignin - Mesoporous materials - Naphthalene - Phenols - Pore size - Reusability - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Bio oil - Catalytics - Mesoporous ZSM-5 - Regeneration - Three major components
Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 901.2 Education - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.41e+01%, Percentage 2.04e+01%, Percentage 2.66e+00%, Percentage 2.69e+01%, Percentage 3.68e+01%, Percentage 5.21e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01% to 4.33e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01%, Percentage 6.39e+01%, Percentage 6.78e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 8.23e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+00%, Size 6.23e-09m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.047
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20164603020721
Title:Effects of woody peat addition on maturity and gaseous emissions during pig manure composting
Authors:Zhang, Difang (1); Yuan, Jing (1); Wang, Guoying (1); Li, Guoxue (1); Luo, Yuan (1); Zhang, Bangxi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:233-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The large amount of animal dung becomes a serious problem of environmental pollution with the development of large-size livestock farming. Aerobic composting, as an effective and accepted technology, has been often used to treat solid organic waste. However, the process of aerobic composting of pig manure faces several problems, such as low degree of maturity, severe nitrogen losses as well as large release of contamination gases, which can be controlled and mitigated by using different bulking agents. Peat is a natural and organic mineral resource and its application in composting is an important research site due to its better adsorption. Therefore, this research used woody peat as bulking agent and investigated the influence of different quantities of woody peat (with ratio of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% on quality of wet mass) on pig manure compost maturity and CH<inf>4</inf>, NH<inf>3</inf>and H<inf>2</inf>S emissions. The results showed that the composting matrix can be activated successfully for all treatments. In addition, the temperature entered into thermophilic phase on day 2~4, and the thermophilic phase lasted more than 7 d to completely meet the sanitary standard in all reactors; and after 28 d, the pH values of all compost were 8.0, the electrical conductivities (EC) were 1.47~1.82 mS/cm and the germination index (GI) were all larger than 80%. Therefore, all treatments can perform well and achieve the standard of ripe composting under the addition of woody peat. Moreover, according to the results, adding at least 15% woody peat could make a better compost product with better maturity, less physiology toxicity and more nitrogen element. In addition, the treatments with 15%~20% addition had more active microbial activities and higher biodegradation rate during 28 d, whose moisture content could decrease by 35% and degradation rate of dry material was around 22%. Compared with the 5% addition, woody peat addition at 15%~20% also reduced total CH<inf>4</inf>, NH<inf>3</inf>and H<inf>2</inf>S emissions by 82.12%~89.48%, 53.47%~63.31% and 50.98%~62.76%, respectively. Consequently, these two treatments decreased total greenhouse gas emissions by 70.34%~83.26%. Furthermore, the effect of adding woody peat on keeping nitrogen was significant, and the 15%~20% addition could reduce total nitrogen losses by 44%~63%. Hence, woody peat is an alternative and good bulking agent for composting and the optimal addition of woody peat in the pig manure composting in this study is 15~20% of total wet weight. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biodegradation - Composting - Degradation - Fertilizers - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases - Mineral resources - Nitrogen - Peat - Pollution - Radioactive waste disposal - Waste management - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic composting - Biodegradation rate - Electrical conductivity - Environmental pollutions - Microbial activities - Pig manure compost - Pig manures - Solid organic waste
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.8 Biotechnology - 524 Solid Fuels - 622.5 Radioactive Wastes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 1.47e-01S/m to 1.82e-01S/m, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20164603020693
Title:Application of plastic trash sorting technology in separating waste plastic mulch films from impurities
Authors:Shi, Xin (1, 2); Niu, Changhe (1, 2); Qiao, Yuanyuan (1, 2); Zhang, Haichun (1, 2); Wang, Xuenong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (2) Ministry of Agriculture Cotton, Fruit and Agricultural Facilities Equipment Science Observation Experimental Station, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xuenong(Xjwxn2010@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:22-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic film mulching technique has been using widely in China because of it's notable features such as raising temperature, inhibiting weed growth, promoting crop maturity and increasing production. A large number of used plastic mulch films which have not be recycled and accumulated in the soil year after year and results serious waste plastic mulch film pollution. Recycled waste plastic mulch films twined each other with other impurities and makes the mulch film utilization becomes difficult. Some recycled waste plastic mulch films has been stacked or burned on field ridge freely which leads secondary pollution.Thus, the waste plastic mulch film pollution problems should be cracked from it's beginning.Agricultural waste plastic mulch film and impurities separation technology is key links during mechanized mulch films recycling and reusing. Waste plastic mulch film as a valuable renewable resource and be important part of plastic production which comes from waste plastic mulch film by separation process. Effective recycling and reusing of waste plastic mulch film can improve economic benefits and even what's more is that it can decrease the secondary pollution probability which caused by improper waste plastic mulch film handling. Some documents shows that the thickness of plastic mulch film used in foreign countries is generally above 0.12mm which keep the tensile strength of plastic mulch film be good enough and promote the rolling recycling machine development.Waste plastic mulch film is clean and complete which recycled by rolling recycling machine and it can be reused directly.At present, there is no relevant report about technology and equipment for waste plastic mulch film separation at abroad.The thickness of the plastic mulch film used generally in China between 0.004-0.008mm which leads the tensile strength not good enough after harvesting season and can not be recycled by rolling way. The only way which can recycling waste plastic mulch film by recycling machine based on tooth type collector which collect everything including plastic film and stalk, root and so on. Some related documents shows that the separation technology of waste plastic mulch film in China carried out in recent years.The technology development still be in primary stage and related device just remain in laboratory research condition. There is little available technology and experience can be used for reference.Therefore, the difference and similarity between city life plastic trash and agricultural waste plastic mulch film have been analyzed based on different separation methods and related equipment all over the world in this paper. All those work can provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for separation processing after waste plastic mulch film recycling. According to present documents statistic shows, conventional plastic trash sorting methods as follow: wind separation, hydraulic cyclone separation, friction electrostatic separation and separation based on light and so on. It's difficult to separate waste plastic mulch film with other agricultural impurities such as stalk, dust and so on by conventional plastic separation methods because of the characteristic of city plastic trash is different from agricultural waste plastic mulch film such as impurity composition, ingredient ratio, water content. Conventional plastic trash separation method can not be used in agricultural waste plastic mulch film separation process. The only thing which wen can take it into waste plastic mulch film separation is the plastic sorting method. Based upon existing method and equipment, related plastic trash sorting method can be probed and machine can be invented which suitable for field waste plastic mulch film recycling industry. Bench test proved that air separation method combined with screening will be the main development trend of separate waste plastic mulch film from impurities in China. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Film growth
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Applications - Equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Impurities - Phase separation - Plastic films - Pollution - Recycling - Separation - Soil pollution - Straw - Tensile strength - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Electrostatic Separation - Increasing production - Plastic film mulching - Separation techniques - Separation technologies - Status - Technology and equipments - Technology development
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901 Engineering Profession - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e-04m, Size 4.00e-06m to 8.00e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20164603020699
Title:Methane-related mierobe influenced by water management and rile straw returning in paddy soil
Authors:Wu, Ne (1, 2); Hou, Haijun (1, 3); Tang, Yafang (1, 3); Shen, Jianlin (1, 4); Liu, Bo (1, 5); Wei, Wenxue (1, 3); Qin, Hongling (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (4) Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (5) Agricultural Bureau of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, Taoyuan; Hunan; 415700, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Hongling(huniu@isa.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:69-76
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate the mechanism of methane emission based on different water management and rice straw returning, this study determined the CH<inf>4</inf>flux and the abundance and community structure of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to determine the abundance and community composition of mcrA-containing methanogens and pmoA-containing methane oxidizing bacteria in DNA and cDNA level from paddy field. The soil samples taken from the paddy soil at Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring of Institute of Subtropical Agricultural, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Four treatments included the following: CF (balanced fertilizer without rice straw returning and long-term flooding), HS+CF (balanced fertilizer with 6.0 t/hm<sup>2</sup>rice straw returning and long-term flooding), IF (balanced fertilizer without rice straw returning and intermittent irrigation), HS+IF (balanced fertilizer with 6.0 t/hm<sup>2</sup>rice straw returning and intermittent irrigation). The results showed that long-term flooding significantly increased methane emissions, but not rice straw returning. And there was no significant interaction between the treatments of water management and rice straw returning. The community structure of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria were affected by water management, but not by rice straw returning based on cluster analysis. At the level of cDNA, the community structure of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria were different between the treatments of long-term flooding and intermittent irrigation under the condition with or without rice straw returning. While, at the level of DNA, the communities structure were only affected by water management under the condition without water management. At the T-RFLP profile, there were obviously difference between the community structure at DNA level and transcriptional community structure at cDNA level of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria, which were more sensitive to water management at cDNA level than that at DNA level. The abundance of methanogens were affected by water management and rice straw returning at cDNA and DNA level, but not of methane oxidizing bacteria. CH<inf>4</inf>emissions significantly correlated with the ratio of the abundance of mcrA and pmoA genes at DNA level, not with the abundance of mcrA or pmoA genes. So the CH<inf>4</inf>emissions determined by the ratio of the abundance of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria, not of methanogens or methane oxidizing bacteria. In totally, the community structure and abundance of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria is more affected by water management than rice straw returning based on the short-tern experiment. The community structure and abundance of methanogens and methane oxidizing bacteria are affected by water management at DNA and cDNA level. The ratio of the abundance of mcrA and pmoA genes is the key to control the methane emissions from paddy field. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Methane
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bacteria - Cluster analysis - DNA - Fertilizers - Floods - Genes - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Methanogens - Microbiology - Polymerase chain reaction - Social sciences - Soils - Straw - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:cDNA - Chinese Academy of Sciences - Community structures - Environmental Monitoring - Intermittent irrigations - Methane oxidizing bacterium - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction - Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20164603020706
Title:Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from soil in paddy field
Authors:Ma, Yanqin (1, 2); Qian, Chenchen (1, 2); Sun, Danping (1, 2); Deng, Liping (1, 2); Huang, Guoqin (1, 2); Lu, Weibin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center on Ecological Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang; 330045, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture /Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China; (3) Agricultural Science Research Institute of Yujiang County, Yingtan; Jiangxi Province; 335200, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Guoqin(hgqjxnc@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:128-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Paddy fields is the main source of global greenhouse gas emission, and different nitrogen application levels may impact greenhouse gas emissions. The research object is late rice in Jiangxi double cropping rice field, and the treatments include 4 different nitrogen fertilizer levels: control with no nitrogen (N0), nitrogen reduction by 40% (N1), conventional nitrogen (N2), and nitrogen adding by 50% (N3). The emissions and emission rate of nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O), methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) and carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) were studied by using static chamber - gas chromatograph, and we also computed the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). The results of the study showed that in the process of late rice growth, the emission flux of N<inf>2</inf>O and CO<inf>2</inf>presented 3 high peaks and all showed that adding nitrogen treatment was higher than other treatments, but the emission flux of CH<inf>4</inf>only had a peak. The emissions of N<inf>2</inf>O under the treatments of N0, N1 and N2 did not have significant difference (P>0.05), only when the nitrogen application amount achieved the maximum value (N3 treatment), the N<inf>2</inf>O emissions were significantly higher than other treatments. Compared with the N0, the total emissions of CH<inf>4</inf>under other 3 treatments (N1, N2 and N3 ) increased by 58.70%, 69.63% and 96.15% respectively, and the GWP increased by 22.34%, 25.34% and 52.92% separately. The GHGI of the N3 was the highest, up to 1.12 kg/kg, and it was significantly higher than N1 and N2. Compared with the conventional fertilizer application, reducing 40% nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on rice yield, but it could reduce the total amount of CO<inf>2</inf>and CH<inf>4</inf>, which was beneficial to the energy saving and emission reduction. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Emission control - Energy conservation - Fertilizers - Gas emissions - Gases - Global warming - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouse gases - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nitrogen oxides
Uncontrolled terms:Emissions control - Energy saving and emission reductions - Fertilizer applications - Gas chromatographs - Global warming potential - Nitrogen reduction - Nitrogen treatment - Paddy fields
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.23e+01%, Percentage 2.53e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.29e+01%, Percentage 5.87e+01%, Percentage 6.96e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20164603020691
Title:Working mechanism and structure optimization of hammer of rubbing machine
Authors:Ma, Qian (1); Liu, Fei (1); Zhao, Manquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Manquan(nmgzhaomq@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:7-15
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This article aims at improving the efficiency of straw the rubbing machine 9R-40 by by optimizating of its hammer. The working mechanism of rubbing machine was describled in detail from the aspects of the feeding performance, impact damaging, rubbing, and transport of straw. Analysis shows that variation of the equivalent thickness of the hammer can affect the collision probability and the impact pressure. Furthermore, changes on angle of the hammer, which is related to the cross section of the spindle, can adjust the structure of the inner flow field. Therefore, this paper presents a new method to improve the efficiency of this machine by using variable angle hammer. Tilt hammer changes the angle between the top blade of the hammer and the moving plane, while maintaining the same shape and size of the original hammer. CFD method was used to compare the variation of internal flow field excit at by no inclination angle hammer and 8 degree angle (estimated by the theoretical analysis) hammer, based on the single-phase numerical simulation of flow field in rubbing machine taking the inclination angle as the structure parameter of the hammer. In this paper, the Z-axis represents the principal axis of the 3D modeling of the rubbing machine. Value of Z varied in the range of 0-700mm, the number of Z is larger, which means it is closer to the import of the machine. The author selected representing feeding section 700, 600, 500mm, and selected representing rubbing section 700, 600, 500mm. Simulation results shows that the dynamic pressure in the flow field of rubbing machine caused by tilt hammer varies between [4.13e-2, 5.43e3]. The flow field of common hammer is between [3.62e-2, 5.2e3]. The dynamic pressure is larger, the static pressure is smaller in the case of the same total pressure, which means that the airflow caused by tilt hammer can overcome the resistance of inner wall of rubbing machine. In addition, maximum velocity of internal flow field caused by tilt hammer is 94.1m/s, which is more than 91.8m/s caused by common hammer. It means that tilt hammer can produce larger air drag force, so as to enhance the equipment efficiency effectively. These results show that the tilt hammer is more favorable to the flow field structure, which is beneficial to the material processing and transportation compared with the common hammer. At last, the simulation results of the internal flow field verifies the results of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, which testify hammer can achieve high energy rubbing by regulating the flow field. This study enriches the theory of the category of hammer,put forward a new structure parameters which is hammer angle and its design principle. This research provides a new perspective for parameter optimization of hammer of rubbing machine, and offers a theoretical basis for optimization of energy conservation of this kind of Livestock machine as well. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Hammers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Drag - Dynamics - Energy efficiency - Flow fields - Materials handling - Numerical methods - Rubber machinery - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Collision probability - Energy efficient - Equipment efficiency - Flow field structure - Inner flow field - Numerical calculation - Parameter optimization - Structure optimization
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 605.2 Small Tools, Unpowered - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 818.4 Rubber Factories and Machinery - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 7.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m, Velocity 9.18e+01m/s, Velocity 9.41e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20164603020513
Title:Regeneration technique optimization of aging bleached shellac by alkaline hydrolysis method
Authors:Li, Kun (1, 2, 3); Zheng, Hua (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Wenwen (1, 2); Zhang, Hong (1, 2, 3); Xu, Juan (1, 2); Li, Kai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming; 650224, China; (2) Research Center of Engineering and Technology of Characteristic Forest Resources, State Forestry Administration, Kunming; 650224, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Utilization of Resource Insects, State Forestry Administration, Kunming; 650224, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hong(kmzhhong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:398-405
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bleached shellac, an important product modality of shellac, is a discolored resin which is bleached from seedlac by decolorant (sodium hypochlorite). It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and coating industry etc, for example, excipient and moisture resisting agent of food and tablet, coating agents for food freshness, sustained release coating of capsule, priming paint of high-quality furniture and environmental protection coating of artware. In fact, bleached shellac accounted for half of consumption of shellac in the whole world every year. However, bleached shellac was not extremely stable due to the introduction of combined chlorine in the sodium hypochlorite bleaching process. It easily induced aging reaction of agglomeration, color deepening and thermal life reducing when bleached shellac was stored for more than 6 months. When this reaction occurred, bleached shellac would become ageing bleached shellac which was insoluble in ethanol and could not melt even under heating conditions. Apparently, ageing bleached shellac lost useful value for it was difficult to use under normal condition. Structurally, aging reactions of bleached shellac were initiated by active groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, aldehyde in molecule of bleached shellac. Some cross-linking reactions, esterification, etherification and condensation, happened under long-term storage or heated condition. Therefore, it could be supposed that as long as cross-linking bonds were destroyed at a certain extent and the original ester functions were retained simultaneously, the regeneration of ageing bleached shellac could be realized in theory. The objective of this investigation was to obtain the regeneration technique of ageing bleached shellac by hydrolysis method. Alkaline hydrolysis was successfully employed in this study to regenerate ageing bleached shellac. Firstly, the experiments of the influences of some single factors, NaOH concentration, liquid-material ratio, hydrolysis reaction temperature and time on the hydrolysis of ageing bleached shellac were performed. Then, the regression model of dual response value, regeneration yield and hot ethanol insoluble substance, was established. Based on this, the optimum conditions for the regeneration of ageing bleached shellac were determined as hydrolysis temperature of 90℃, 0.3 mol/L NaOH concentration, liquid-material ratio of 14:1 mL/g, and hydrolysis time of 1.84 h. The regeneration yield of ageing bleached shellac was 76.1%±0.5% and the hot alcohol insolubles reached 0.360%±0.030%. In terms of the regenerated bleached shellac, some physicochemical indices such as hot ethanol insoluble substance, cold ethanol soluble substance, and thermal lifetime, met the requirement of Chinese national standard and their values were 0.360%, 92.6% and 9.80 min, respectively. The color index was 1.68 and met the second level requirement of ordinary standard of bleached shellac. But the acid value rose to 178 mg/g and the softening point reduced to 44.5℃, simultaneously. From the actual point of view, the traditional beltline of bleaching shellac completely satisfied the requirement of hydrolysis process of ageing bleached shellac and there was no need to extra added equipment. The final cost of this hydrolysis process was much cheaper and even ignorable compared with the marketable selling price of bleached shellac. In summary, the regeneration method by alkaline hydrolysis is very effective to ageing bleached shellac. It is very useful for recycling and reuse of ageing bleached shellac in commercial production. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Cleaning
Controlled terms:Aging of materials - Bleaching - Coal tar - Coatings - Crosslinking - Esters - Ethanol - Hydrolysis - Hydrometallurgy - Optimization - Regression analysis - Sodium
Uncontrolled terms:Bleached shellacs - Chinese national standard - Commercial productions - Crosslinking reaction - Insoluble substances - Physicochemical indexes - Physicochemical indices - Regeneration
Classification code:411.2 Coal Tar - 531.1 Metallurgy - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.1.1 Papermaking Processes - 813.2 Coating Materials - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e-01yr, Molar_Concentration 3.00e+02mol/m3, Percentage 3.60e-01%, Percentage 9.26e+01%, Specific_Volume 1.00e-03m3/kg, Time 5.88e+02s, Time 6.62e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.056
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20164603020730
Title:Change of carbon substance characteristics during composting of waste packing and fungus chaff
Authors:Wang, Yixiang (1); Gao, Lingfei (1); Ye, Jing (1); Li, Yanchun (1); Weng, Boqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Ecology Institute, FAAS, Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Hilly Prataculture, Fuzhou; 350013, China
Corresponding author:Weng, Boqi(wengboqi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:292-296
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aerobic composting is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment method for animal manure due to the possible recycling of its end-product (composts) in agriculture. However, carbon loss during composting may result in the formation of greenhouse gases. Thus, it is important to investigate changes of carbon during composting and to develop methods for conserving carbon and reducing potential negative environmental impacts. In this study, an experiment was conducted to study the carbon transformation and greenhouse gas emission in composting of waste packing and fungus chaff by using static forced-air composting boxes. Waste packing and fungus chaff were mixed according to the weight ratio (4:6 or 6:4) with or without EM microbial agent addition (MAA), respectively. The original composting materials were adjusted to the same C/N ratio (30:1) by adding urea, and then composted in a static forced-air composting box. Temperature was measured every day. Compost samples were taken on days 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 after the start of the experiment, respectively, and then used to determine total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic C (WSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and humic acids concentrations. The results showed that during composting, for all treatments the TOC decreased rapidly in the first 20 days and then decreased gradually. This could be explained by the fact that microorganisms rapidly consumed the carbohydrates released during the degradation of carbon source. Interestingly, TOC were lower in the treatments with EM-MAA than the treatments without EM-MAA. The MBC gradually increased and peaked on day 20 after treatment, and then gradually decreased. However, it was significantly increased by 31.7%~73.4% for different treatments in the end-products compared to the initial mixed composting materials. In addition, the EM-MAA addition increased the MBC by 8.4%~7.2%, respectively. A similar trend in MBC was found in the WSOC compost. During composting, the humification process resulted in increased humic acids and decreased fulvic acids. At the end of composting, humic acid contents in T3 and T4 treatments increased by 63.3% and 32.4% than those of T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. The humification index (HI) of T3 treatment was 95.2% higher than that of T1 treatment, and the HI of T4 treatment was increased by 222.8% than that of T2 treatments. It indicated that EM agents addition accelerated the organic matter mineralization and increased the HI of the composts. After 45 days, the degradation rates of original carbon were 5.7%~10.2%, and the humic acid, DOC, and MBC in the compost were increased by 56.0%~131.0%, 54.5%~81.5% and 31.7%~73.4%, respectively, compared to their initial values. Total carbon loss was significantly higher in the composts with waste padding than the composts with fungus chaff. It was concluded that the fungus chaff could be used to reduce carbon loss during composting. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Biodegradation - Biological materials - Carbon - Composting - Degradation - Environmental impact - Enzyme immobilization - Fertilizers - Greenhouse gases - Organic acids - Organic carbon - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic composting - Different treatments - Humic acid - Humification index - Microbial biomass c - Organic matter mineralization - Total Organic Carbon - Treatment methods
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.8 Biotechnology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.23e-01yr, Age 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 2.23e+02%, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 6.33e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20164603020514
Title:Golden pompano fish and tilapia fish skin gelatin improving quality of tilapia surimi
Authors:Guo, Pei (1); Li, Chuan (1); Shen, Xuanri (1); Su, Yue (1); Zhang, Pei (1); Wu, Qian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Xuanri(shenxuanri2009@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:406-411
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the quality of minced tilapia fish surimi products, the effect of adding golden pompano fish and tilapia fish skin gelatin into it were studied in this paper. Minced golden pompano fish was mixed with tilapia fish and made into surimi. Then the product structure, gel strength, expressible water content, and color of tilapia surimi were determined. The results showed that when in the 0-20% range, the higher the content of golden pompano was, the better the quality of surimi products were. Along with the increase of the content of golden pompano fish, the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, elasticity, cohesiveness, gel strength and whiteness of the sample increased, but expressible water content had no significant (P>0.05) changes. The price of golden pompano fish is high, cost of a small appropriate amount of golden pompano fish should be taken into consideration. Tilapia and golden pompano fish mince were then mixed in a certain proportion. Then different amounts of gelatin were added. The structure, gel strength, expressible water content and color of the sample were determined. The results showed that adding gelatin to the mixed surimi products led to a significant improvement of the quality of surimi. For example, when the amount of gelatin added was 2%, the hardness of the production increased 19%, the gumminess of the production increased 19%, the chewiness of the production increased 10%, the breaking force of the production increased 5%, and its expressible water content decreased. The elasticity, cohesiveness, broken distance showed a little change. The results showed that the addition of gelatin can also be used for the improvement of minced golden pompano fish-tilapia fish surimi products quality, and the higher the added amount of gelatin (range 0-10%) was, the better the products quality was. These results showed that adding golden pompano fish and tilapia fish skin gelatin (range 0-10%) could improve the quality of tilapia surimi in a certain extent. These results provided a reference to improve the quality of minced tilapia fish surimi products. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Fish products
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Elasticity - Fish - Gold - Hardness - Monitoring - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Breaking force - Gel strengths - Gelatin - Golden pompano - Product structure - Products quality - Surimi products
Classification code:547.1 Precious Metals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00% to 1.00e+01%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.057
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20164603020735
Title:Effects of dairy manure addition from methane production under semi-solid state condition
Authors:Ma, Xuguang (1); Jiang, Tao (1); Tang, Qiong (1); Yang, Juan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan; 614004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:323-330
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology has been given great attention recently for its important role in converting crops residues into methane-rich biogas in China. The methane content in biogas is a carbon-neutral source of renewable energy and has contribute to the reduction of pollution. However, the mono-digestion of crops straw as feedstocks has the low methane yield because it has a complexity and compactness of lignocellulosic biomass structure and the high carbon to nitrogen(C/N) ratio. Several previous studies showed that anaerobic co-digestion had the high methane yield due to the synergistic effect by adding dairy manure (DM) or cattle manure (CM) to crops straw. The synergistic effect was mainly attribute to shorten digestion period, more balanced nutrients and increased buffering capacity. Nevertheless, these studies have focused on improving methane production of anaerobic co-digestion of crops straw with livestock manures based on operating the low total solids (TS) content namely liquid AD (L-AD) with TS concentration of feedstocks less than 10%. Compared to L-AD, the semi-solid AD(S-AD) is ideal for agri-residues and manures with high solids organics, which has TS content between 10% and 20%, and has some advantages such as higher volumetric methane production, higher organic loading rate, lower biogas slurry production, minimized reactor volume, lower energy requirements for warming. There is no literature so far on the evaluation of AD stability and methane production of rape stalk (RS) and DM with different mix ratios in S-AD system. Therefore, in order to improve methane production and provide some reliable technical parameters to efficiently produce methane from rape stalk through AD, the bath anaerobic digestion tests were conducted at semi-solid state(15% total solids content ) using RS and DM at six addition amount (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of DM(based on mass ratio of volatile solid), effects of addition amount of DM on the methane production performance of RS were studied, and then the dynamic characteristics of producing methane process were analyzed by the modified Gompertz equation. The results showed that increasing addition amount of DM to RS would balance C/N of digestion feedstock and improve buffering capacity, methane production rate of mixing feedstock was increased with increasing addition amount of DM and pure DM was against to methane production. The highest special methane production rate(SMPR) and methane volumetric production rate(MVPR) of 239.87mL/g and 1.01L/(L·d) were obtained at 80% addition amount of DM and C/N ratio of 33.60, which was 1.2-2.0 times for SMPR and 1.3-3.6 times for MVPR higher than other treatments, respectively. The analysis results of modified Gopermpertz equation indicated that the model had feasibility to describe the dynamic process of AD. Some dynamic parameters were achieved at 80% addition amount of DM and the maximum methane production rate(R<inf>m</inf>), the lag phase(λ) and the shortest technical digestion time(T<inf>80</inf>) was separately 31.19 mL/(d·g), 1.21d and 8.59d. These simulated parameters were very close to the experimental values and had guiding significance in the scale of biogas production from co-digestion with RS and DM. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogas - Crops - Feedstocks - Fertilizers - Manures - Methane - Straw - Structure (composition)
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic co-digestion - Dynamic characteristics - Dynamic parameters - Lignocellulosic biomass - Methane production - Modified gompertz equations - Reduction of pollutions - Volumetric production
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Specific_Volume 2.40e-01m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20164603020518
Title:Ananlysis on research hotspots in agricultural engineering in China based on scientometrics
Authors:Shi, Lijuan (1, 2); Yang, Minli (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) China Agricultural University Library, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) China Research Center for Agricultural Mechanization Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Minli(qyang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:430-438
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The academic articles have been studied to explore the research hotspots and development trends of agricultural engineering in China since 1957 using co-word analysis (a method of scientometrics) and mapping. A total of 20 377 articles were collected from the journals including Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (full text database), and keywords were added non-parametrically from the articles themselves (keywords provided by author). These keywords were standardized using Bibstats (a vocabulary tool developed by China Agricultural University Library). With the objective of delineating dynamic changes of the field of agricultural engineering, the period 1957-2014 was studied and further divided into 5 consecutive periods: 1957-1966, 1979-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009 and 2010-2014. The research hotspots and characteristics of agricultural engineering in China were revealed by analyzing the selected keywords with the aid of VOS viewer software and co-word cluster analysis method, and the evolution of the research hotspots has also been discussed. The results showed that the research hotspots in agricultural engineering have generally experienced a transition from simplicity to diversification, and interdisciplinary knowledge has been created, which effectively has drawn on the engineering technology, computer and information science, biology science, and ecology science, aiming to solve the questions in both the agriculture and the environment. The most advanced methods and tools have been provided to design and evaluate engineering technologies, such as computer simulation, intelligent control, and internet of things. The key issues in the agricultural engineering field will be centered on precision agriculture and agricultural bio-environmental control engineering, such as agricultural informatization, intelligent equipment technologies and automation technologies, which target at "high efficiency, ecological, safety and sustainability". © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural machinery - Biology - Cluster analysis - Ecology - Environmental management - Environmental technology - Mapping - Precision engineering - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Automation technology - China - Environmental control - Hotspots - Intelligent equipment - Precision Agriculture - Scientometrics - University libraries
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.061
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20164603020696
Title:Review on effect of reclaimed water irrigation on soil water movement in cropland
Authors:Sheng, Feng (1, 2); Wu, Dan (1, 2); Zhang, Liyong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha; 410114, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water & Sediment Science and Water Hazard Prevention, Changsha; 410114, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:46-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reclaimed water irrigation saves precious water resources and alleviates the shortage of agricultural water supply. Besides, the nutrients and microelements in reclaimed water promote crop growth and grain output. However, the organic and inorganic materials in reclaimed water change soil porosity, aggregate stability, soil-water interactions and clay particle dispersion, enhancing environment contamination risk. This research reviewed the effects and driving mechanism of suspended inorganic solids, macromolecular organic matter, oils, surfactants and salts contained in reclaimed water on the change of soil infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity. When reclaimed water penetrates soil profile, suspended particles are filtered by soil pores and then accumulate in the upper few centimeters of soil profile. These effects form a seal on soil surface, increase soil bulk density, and decrease soil porosity, making soil infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity decrease significantly. The impacts of macromolecular organic compounds on soil water movement are complicated. On one hand, macromolecular organic compounds, incorporated with those decomposed and degraded products, are beneficial to the formation of water stable aggregates; and on the other hand, they can plug the soil pores also, which depend on their properties and gradually expose and change with the development of soil biochemical activity. Oils in the reclaimed water are hydrophobic compounds with long-chain alkyls. When the long-chain alkyls coat mineral particles or aggregate surface, the soil is resistant to instantaneous wetting and form water repellency. The water repellent status of a soil depends greatly on soil water content: increasing when water content is low, and decreasing as the water content increases to a value beyond which the soil shows no repellency. Although water repellency increases the stability of soil aggregates, it decreases the soil infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity, making the agriculture land hard to be irrigated and easily to generate preferential flow. These increase the contamination risk of groundwater and soil erosion under heavy rains. Surfactants in reclaimed water are mainly from laundry detergents, shampoo, bath lotions, and dishwashing detergents. Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic. Therefore, a surfactant contains both a water-insoluble (or oil-soluble) component and a water-soluble component. The surfactants affect the soil dispersity by changing the stability of soil aggregates and the stability of soil clay suspension: the more stable the soil aggregates are, the lower dispersity the soil presents; the more stable the soil clay suspension is, the higher dispersity the soil presents. The soil dispersion induced by the surfactants from the reclaimed water plugs soil pores, decreasing the soil infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity. The salinity and the sodicity in reclaimed water are relatively high since secondary treatment does not remove salts from the water. The increase of soil salinity enhances the coagulation of soil particles, and the stability of soil aggregates and structure. These increase soil porosity and infiltrability. However, after the soil moisture being consumed by evaporation and transpiration, salts from the reclaimed water are left and accumulated in the irrigated soils, forming soil salinization when salinity reach a certain extent. High soil salinity increases osmotic potential of soil solution and physiological drought of crops, making yield decrease. Besides, excess salts destroy soil aggregates and block soil pores, decreasing soil infiltration rate and drainage capacity. The most urgent research directions of this field are the evolution of the soil structure and characteristics under reclaimed water irrigation and the driving mechanism behind it, and also the interaction between reclaimed water irrigated soils and unsaturated flow within them. This review is valuable for the design of reclaimed water irrigation projects, contaminant risk control and eco-environment protection. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agriculture - Chains - Chemical water treatment - Cleaning - Crops - Dispersions - Grain growth - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Groundwater pollution - Hydraulic conductivity - Hydrophobicity - Irrigation - Macromolecules - Organic compounds - Osmosis - Porosity - Pyrene - Reclamation - Salts - Soaps (detergents) - Soil moisture - Soil pollution - Soils - Stability - Surface active agents - Suspended sediments - Suspensions (fluids) - Transpiration - Water - Water resources - Water supply - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Environment contamination - Farmland - Hydrophobic compounds - Re-claimed water - Soil infiltration - Soil water interactions - Water soluble components - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.9 Biology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 632.1 Hydraulics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20164603020728
Title:Effects of different C/N ratios on greenhouse gases emissions and carbon and nitrogen conversion during composting of cultural materials of A.bisporus
Authors:Li, Yanchun (1, 2); Huang, Yibin (2); Wang, Chengji (1); Ye, Jing (1); Wang, Yixiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou; 350013, China; (2) Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Recycling Agriculture in Hilly Area, Fuzhou; 350013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yixiang(sd_wolong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:279-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In fermentation process of culture materials of A. bisporus, there are problems such as low conversion efficiency of organic matter, and a lot of greenhouse gas emissions, which not only influence the quality of composting products, but also cause the pollution in the surrounding environment. Therefore, greenhouse gas emissions have become an important issue in the production processes of A. bisporus. In recent years, most researches have focused on the conversion efficiency of organic matter and dynamic changes of microbial community during the composting, while the regularity of greenhouse gas emissions is still poorly understood. To understand the regularity of the greenhouse gas emissions and to explore the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and the conversion of organic matter, an experiment was conducted to quantify the greenhouse gase emissions (including CO<inf>2</inf>, CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O), and meanwhile to determine the total carbon and nitrogen contents during the composting with different ratios of C/N. The fermentation experiment was conducted in a reaction chamber, and the rice straw and cow dung were used as raw materials. There were 4 treatments with the C/N ratios of 28:1, 33:1, 38:1 and 43:1, and each treatment had 3 replications. Fermentation lasted for 18 d, and the turning was done on the 7th and 14th day during the composting. The results showed that during the composting with the C/N ratios of 28, 33, 38 and 43, the average emission rates of CO<inf>2</inf>were 489.47, 400.70, 362.31 and 357.22 mg/(kg·h), the average emission rates of CH<inf>4</inf>were relatively lower and ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 mg/(kg·h), and the average emission rates of N<inf>2</inf>O were 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.01 mg/(kg·h). The cumulative amount of CO<inf>2</inf>emissions was the largest, while the cumulative amounts of CH<inf>4</inf>, N<inf>2</inf>O and NH<inf>3</inf>emissions were relatively lower during the composting with different C/N ratios. The cumulative amounts of CO<inf>2</inf>, N<inf>2</inf>O and NH<inf>3</inf>emissions were increased with the increasing of the ratio of C/N. The lost carbon amounts in forms of gases were 46.16, 37.44, 33.04 and 31.76 g/kg and the lost nitrogen amounts in forms of gases were 4.72, 3.49, 1.76 and 1.65 mg/kg with the C/N ratios of 28, 33, 38 and 43, respectively. In addition, the degradation rate of organic matter with the C/N ratio of 33 was the highest among all treatments. At the end of composting, the lost carbon amounts were 36.55%, 45.5%, 37.22% and 32.71%, and the lost nitrogen amounts were 5.41%, 13.84%, 7.59% and 16.33% respectively with the C/N ratios of 28, 33, 38 and 43. The relative nitrogen content was concentrated with organic matter degradation, and continuously increased during the composting process. The C/N ratios of 33 and 38 had the highest fruit body yield and absolute biological efficiency of A.bisporus, and there were no significant difference between these 2 treatments. Considering both greenhouse gas emissions and culture materials quality, C/N = 38 was the better treatment, which not only had the high quality, but also could reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Besides, greenhouse gas emissions mainly occurred in high temperature periods, and turning timely could also reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. The results can provide a theoretical basis to further explore how to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions during the fermentation process of cultivated material of A.bisporus. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Gas emissions
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Carbon dioxide - Conversion efficiency - Degradation - Efficiency - Fermentation - Gases - Greenhouse gases - Nitrogen - Organic compounds - Process control
Uncontrolled terms:Average emission rate - Biological efficiency - C/N ratio - Fermentation process - Greenhouse gases emissions - Microbial communities - Organic matter degradations - Surrounding environment
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 3.27e+01%, Percentage 3.65e+01%, Percentage 3.72e+01%, Percentage 4.55e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+00%, Percentage 7.59e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20164603020725
Title:Effects of additive on nitrogen loss during composting of pig manure and corn straw
Authors:Li, Danyang (1); Li, Shuyan (1); Li, Guoxue (1); Wang, Kun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing; 100093, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:260-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a large agricultural country and has considerable crop straw resources. Meanwhile, with the development of large-scale livestock farming, more and more wastes are produced, especially swine manure, which is the most significant, contributing 46.3% of total livestock waste. From the perspective of utilisation, crop straw and livestock manure containing rich nutrient elements are useful organic matter resources. Utilising and recycling these organic resources are urgent issues bearing great theoretical and practical significance in guaranteeing the urban and rural environment and promoting regional economic development. Composting is an efficient way of agriculture waste disposal that can reduce pollutant amount, make the pollutant harmless and use it as a resource. However, the nitrogen loss during manure composting is relatively serious. Studies on this nitrogen loss and its control could provide theoretic basis and practical reference for efficient nitrogen loss control. In this study, static forced-aeration composting reactors were used to study the effects of two different additives[Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>, H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>] on reducing nitrogen loss of co-composting of fresh pig manure and corn straw.The changes of total nitrogen(TN), ammonium nitrogen(NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N)content and ammonia(NH<inf>3</inf>) volatilization rate were measured during composting, as well as nitrogen fixation ratio in different phases was analyzed. The results showed that the additives not only reduced the amount of NH<inf>3</inf>emission, but also postponed the maximum period of NH<inf>3</inf>emission. Compared to the control, the treatments of Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>and H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>could reduce the amounts of NH<inf>3</inf>emission by 41.78% and 31.37% respectively. The treatments of Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>+ Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>and H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>reduced the nitrogen losses as 28.63% and 31.48% respectively. Compared with the CK treatment, the nitrogen fixation rate of the correspondent treatment was 17.31% and 5.57% respectively. These results indicated that compared to the H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>treatment, the Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>treatment had the better effect of nitrogen loss controlling. Compared to the control, the NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N contents of this treatment increased by 60.00% and 24.66% respectively at the end of the composting. The germination index of the end products were from 97.22% to 115.86%, which indicated that all treatments were matured after 35 days composting. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the existence of struvite(MgNH<inf>4</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>·6H<inf>2</inf>O) in these treatments with additives.These results indicated that Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>+Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>and H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>+ Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>could accelerate the degradation of organic matter, and reduce the ammonia emission by struvite crystallization reaction. Moreover, because of the popular price and appropriate effect of nitrogen conservation, Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>and Mg(OH)<inf>2</inf>could be used as an additive in pig manure composting to reduce the ammonia emission and improve the value of compost as fertilizer. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Nitrogen fixation
Controlled terms:Additives - Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Ammonia - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Calcium - Composting - Crops - Economics - Fertilizers - Manures - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic compounds - Photodegradation - Plants (botany) - Pollution - Radioactive waste disposal - Regional planning - Risk management - Waste disposal - Waste treatment - X ray diffraction analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture wastes - Ammonium nitrogen - Calcium superphosphate - Composting reactors - Crystallization reaction - Magnesium hydroxide - Phosphorus acid - Regional economic development
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 622.5 Radioactive Wastes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.59e-02yr, Percentage 1.73e+01%, Percentage 2.47e+01%, Percentage 2.86e+01%, Percentage 3.14e+01%, Percentage 3.15e+01%, Percentage 4.18e+01%, Percentage 4.63e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01% to 1.16e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20164603020707
Title:Effect of continuously appling controlled-release fertilizers on nitrogen balance and utilization in winter wheat-summer maize cropping system
Authors:Wang, Wenyan (1); Dong, Wenxu (1); Chen, Suying (1); Li, Jiazhen (1); Chen, Tuo (1); Hu, Chunsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050021, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Wenxu(dongwx@sjziam.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:135-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Currently, the research about the controlled-release fertilizer affecting crop yield and nitrogen loss is extensive, but it's lacking about the soil nitrogen balance after long-term applying controlled-release fertilizer with different managing practices. This study determined ammonia volatilization, nitrogen uptake by crop and nitrite accumulation in soil with applying controlled-release fertilizer for 3 years continuously in winter wheat/summer maize cropping system in North China Plain (NCP). There were 5 treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), conventional dosage of urea (CU), optimum dosage of urea (75% of the conventional dosage, OU), conventional and optimum dosage of controlled-release fertilizer (CC and OC), respectively. The CK treatment was chosen from a long-term experiment without nitrogen lasting for 15 years, and the CU treatment was 505 kg/(hm<sup>2</sup>·a) (nitrogen amount) based on the average of the survey at the local farmlands. The results showed that ammonia volatilization was lower after the controlled-release fertilizer was applied in the 3 periods (base fertilizer for wheat, top dressing for wheat and base fertilizer for maize) in the whole growth season in a year, due to the prevention of the hydrolysis of urea by adding the inhibitor in controlled-release fertilizer, especially in the warmer condition of base fertilizer for maize. At the end of the three-year experiments, the accumulation of nitrate in soil for the OU treatment was lower significantly than the CU treatment in the whole profile (0-180 cm); while for the OC treatment the accumulation reduced only in the deep layers (below 100 cm). There were no significant differences in the yield of wheat or maize among the 4 treatments of nitrogen applied in the first year, due to the excessive fertilization in the past years. The yield of maize for OC treatment was significantly higher than that for the OU in the second year, but for wheat both in the second and the third year. In contrast, for the CC treatment, the yield of maize only in the second year was higher than the CU treatment. As for the average yield of wheat and maize in 3 years, the OU treatment was significantly lower than other 3 treatments (OC, CC and CU treatments). The average of nitrogen apparent efficiency in 3 years was the maximum for the OC treatment, followed by the CC and the CU treatments; and the CU treatment was the minimum. This study shows that the use of controlled-release fertilizer can't increase the yield of the crop with conventional dosage applied, but can significantly improve the nitrogen apparent efficiency with reducing fertilizer input by 25%, and also can maintain the long-term soil nitrogen balance. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Crops - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Forestry - Metabolism - Nitrates - Nitration - Nitrogen - Soils - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia volatilization - Controlled-release fertilizers - Long-term experiments - Nitrate accumulation - Nitrite accumulation - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Wheat-maize two-crop system - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.50e+01yr, Age 3.00e+00yr, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.80e+00m, Size 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20164603020703
Title:Effects and causes of different organic materials amendment on soil organic carbon in North China Plain
Authors:Dai, Hongcui (1); Chen, Yuanquan (1); Zhao, Yingxing (1); Cui, Jixiao (1); Yang, Xiaolei (1); Xiao, He (1); Sui, Peng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology /Circular Agriculture Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Sui, Peng(suipeng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:103-110
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A large number of agricultural organic materials unreasonable is disposed becoming the serious problem of environment pollution produced in China each year. The agricultural organic materials amendment is not only mitigates the environment pollution, but also effectively increases soil carbon sequestration. This study conducted in Wuqiao Experiment Station, China Agricultural University in Hebei province, trying mitigating environmental pollution from agriculture and improving soil carbon sequestration in agriculture system while reduces environmental impacts. Four different types of organic wastes were used in this study with pig manure (PM), biogas residue (BR), biochar (BC) and crop straw (ST). The amount of organic materials is applied by the principles that crop residues returning back to the field based on the yields of wheat and maize yields with 7 500 and 9000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Besides, the quantity of C added of BC was equivalent to the total amount of C contained in the crop straw of ST treatment. Whereas, the PM and BR was half of ST, considering the C/N of PM and BR, as well as the situation of the organic fertilizer application of field production. As the principle, 4 treatments were applied for the same amount of nitrogen decided by the highest nitrogen treatment (BR). The shortage of nitrogen of PM, BC and ST were is supplied from inorganic fertilizer which applied with the material before wheat sowing. We compared the effect of organic materials on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil particle organic carbon (POC), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in three years, and also analysed the reasons of organic materials amendment on soil carbon sequestration. The present study showed that the SOC in BC, PM and BR treatments were higher than that of ST, respectively, with an average value of 262.4%, 26.8% and 20.7% in the third year. Compared to ST, MBC of BC treatment reduced by 2.9%~35.5% in 2014-2015. DOC in PM and BR treatments were 17.1%~60.1% and 7.2%~64.8% higher than ST. Meanwhile, BC, PM and BR treatments increased 10.8%~148.2%, 9.5%~58.3% and 11.3%~57.6% of POC than ST. Furthermore, there was a significant regression between TOC and POC (R<sup>2</sup>=0.67, P<0.001), Soil DOC was significantly correlative with MBC (R<sup>2</sup>=0.52, P<0.001). Biochar improve soil POC accumulation, which would enhance the content and stability of soil organic carbon. Pig manure and biogas residue improved soil labile C (e.g. MBC, DOC and POC), which promote SOC transformation and stability in soil. The effect of biochar pig manure and biogas residue amendment was better than straw returning from the perspective of soil carbon sequestration. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Carbon - Crops - Environmental impact - Fertilizers - Manures - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic carbon - Pollution - Pollution control - Soils - Stream flow - Water analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved organic carbon - Environment pollution - Environmental pollutions - Inorganic fertilizers - Microbial biomass carbon - Soil carbon sequestration - Soil microbial biomass carbons - Soild
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.07e+01%, Percentage 2.62e+02%, Percentage 2.68e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20164603020710
Title:Characteristics of soil acidification and its influencing factors in Shandong province
Authors:Yang, Xinxin (1); Zhao, Gengxing (1); Li, Tao (2); Wan, Guanghua (2); Li, Ping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Soil & Fertilizer Working Station of Shandong Province, Jinan; 251000, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Gengxing(zhaogx@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:155-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil acidification can change the configuration of soil nutrients, affect soil biological activity, so as to affect the growth and development of crops, and bring a series of ecological environmental problems. Soil acidification was a major problem in intensive Chinese agriculture systems. This research was carried out to investigate the soil acidification in Shandong province and provide scientific basis for improving the soil quality using statistical and spatial analytical methods. The soil data collected from the soil testing formula fertilization program in Shandong province were compared with those collected from the second national soil survey. Soil acidification of Shandong province was showed with pH spatial distribution map using inverse distance weighted in ArcGIS. Soil acidification in different regions, land use types, and soil types was analyzed. Results showed that the soil in Shandong province was mainly weak-acidic, neutral and weak-alkaline. The average of pH value was 7.1 and the acidified soil area was 1.26 million hectares accounted for 8.13% of the province. Compared to the second national soil survey data, the percentage of soil acidification area was increased by 8.07%. The soil pH value of Shandong province decreased from west to east and from north to south gradually. The acidification soil was mainly located in the eastern and southern regions of the province, especially in Weihai, Yantai, Rizhao, Qingdao and Linyi city. The soil acidification of Weihai city was the most serious, accounting for 67.94% of the city's soil area. Under different agricultural land use, the soil pH averages of farmland, garden and forestry decreased in turn. The soil acidification of tea garden was the most serious in garden, while the mulberry garden was the least. The soil acidification of vegetable field was the most serious in farmland, while the cropland was the least. As to different soil groups, the fluvio-aquatic soil was mainly weak-alkaline, accounting for 67.87% of this soil group points. The cinnamon soil, lime concretion black soil, paddy soil were mainly neutral, accounting for 50.66%, 36.54% and 54.07% of these three soil group points, respectively. The skeletal soil and brown earth were mainly weak-acidic, accounting for 38.90% and 41.22% of these two soil group points, respectively. The soil pH averages of fluvio-aquatic soil, cinnamon soil, lime concretion black soil, paddy soil, skeletal soil and brown earth decreased in turn. The soil acidification of brown earth was the most serious, while fluvio-aquatic soil was the least acid. The soil acidification in Shandong province showed an increasingly serious trend may due to the natural geographic and climatic conditions of local environment. Additionally, other possible factors such as different land use types, unreasonable fertilizations and managements were also accountable. By adjusting soil pH value, the contents of soil nutrients could be controlled and the growth of crops could be promoted. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Acidification - Agriculture - Alkalinity - Bioactivity - Crops - Farms - Fertilizers - Geographic information systems - Land use - Lime - Nutrients - pH - Plants (botany) - Software testing - Soil surveys - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Different land use types - Distribution characteristics - Environmental problems - Growth and development - Inverse distance weighted - Soil biological activity - Soil groups - Spatial distribution map
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.65e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+01%, Percentage 4.12e+01%, Percentage 5.07e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+01%, Percentage 6.79e+01%, Percentage 8.07e+00%, Percentage 8.13e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20164603020692
Title:Optimization and experiment on performance of flow-ejecting self-priming pump based on CFD
Authors:Wang, Yang (1); Han, Yawen (1); Zhu, Xinxin (2); Sun, Wei (3); Cao, Puyu (1); Wu, Wen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (3) Zhejiang Dayuan Pumps Industrial CO., LTD, Taizhou; 318000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:16-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to optimize the JSW10 type flow-ejecting self-priming pump, 4 key structural parameters are selected as target factors, which are outlet width of the impeller (Factor A), number of blades (Factor B), throat diameter of ejector (Factor C), and outlet diameter of ejector (Factor D), and the orthogonal experiment is designed with 4 factors and 3 levels, a total of 9 tests. The choice of structural parameters is mainly dependent on related research and the feasibility of parameter controlling in the tests is considered. Due to the complex geometry of the flow channel, the unstructured mesh which has good adaptability is adopted. Based on the grid independence, the numerical results tend to be stable when the grid number is above 3 million, and in this paper the mesh number of tests is between 3.6 million and 4 million. The whole flow field is simulated by the RNG k-Ε model provided by ANSYS CFX, which turns out that the numerical results match well with the experiment data. Therefore, the numerical simulation can be used to predict the performance of the pump. We can get efficiency curves in different tests by numerical calculation and obtain the optimal level combination of the 9 tests. Range analysis at designed flow point is employed to get the order of each factor's impact on the performance and to obtain the optimal level of each factor from the 3 levels. The most influential parameter is Factor C i.e. the inlet throat diameter of ejector, and the optimal parameter level combination is A<inf>1</inf>B<inf>1</inf>C<inf>3</inf>D<inf>1</inf>(the figure represents the level). Therefore we design the single variable test with Factor C as the optimization target, and perform the numerical calculation at low flow point, rated flow point and high flow point respectively, and the quadratic equation of head and throat diameter at different flow point is obtained by data fitting with MATLAB. We gain the optimal level of the inlet throat diameter of the ejector by function extreme value operation considering the operating conditions. Besides we get the optimal value of the inlet throat diameter of the ejector is 16.6 mm by the weighted average calculation. Finally, the verification is carried out. From the performance curves of the original model, the optimization model of orthogonal test, and the optimization model of the single variable test, we can see that the single factor optimization model is obviously higher than other schemes. In the flow field analysis, we can find that the throat of ejector has larger momentum exchange and velocity gradient transform, and it has a greater influence on the performance. Also the static pressure in the cavity and the outlet of the single variable optimization model is higher than the other 2 models from the pressure contours. Therefore, the single variable test is the most optimal judged from the efficiency. This paper provides a reliable method for the structural optimization of flow-ejecting self-priming pump by means of experimental design and data processing, which can be applied to the optimization of the similar pumps. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Structural optimization
Controlled terms:Channel flow - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Curve fitting - Data handling - Efficiency - Ejectors (pumps) - Flow fields - MATLAB - Mesh generation - Optimization - Pumps
Uncontrolled terms:Data fittings - Numerical calculation - Optimization modeling - Orthogonal experiment - Orthogonal test - Quadratic equations - Self priming pumps - Structural parameter
Classification code:618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.66e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 40>
Accession number:20164603020732
Title:Influence of organic fertilizer on degradation of oxytetracycline in soil in greenhouse experiment
Authors:Yu, Xiaolu (1); Liu, Hang (1); Liu, Xiaoxia (2, 3); Chen, Junhao (1); Li, Guoxue (1); Li, Yanming (1); Sun, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Beijing Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, Test and Supervision Center of Agro-Environmental Quality, MOA, Beijing; 100029, China; (3) Environmental Factors Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100029, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Ying(sunying@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:304-310
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Antibiotics in soil were known for its adverse effect on the growth and development of plants and potential risk to the health of animals and human through the food chain.Therefore, efficient methods to control and remediate the pollution of antibiotics in soil are urgently needed.. Organic fertilizer which could change the basic soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities which may have an effect on the degradation of antibiotics in soil. In the present study, the effect of organic fertilizer on the degradation of oxytetracycline was explored. The experiment follow an orthogonal experiment design, consisting of three different soils, were spiked three concentrations (43.62μg•kg<sup>-1</sup>, 1638.78μg•kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 10936.38μg•kg<sup>-1</sup>) of oxytetracycline and two levels (5% and 10%) of organic fertilizer. After mixing thoroughly, 5 kg of soils for each replicates or treatments was incubated under optimal temperature and light conditions. The moisture of soil were adjusted weekly? Samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after the setting up of the experiment. The concentration of oxytetracycline in soil measured by UPLC-MS/MS and the degradation dynamics the half-life values (DT<inf>50</inf>) was calculated according to the Pseudo-first-order kinetics model. and. Results showed that the degradation of oxytetracycline kept a stable period after 28 days for both high and low concentration groups. In the soil spiked with low concentration of oxytetracycline, application of 5% and 10% organic fertilizer increased 17.71% and 16.03% of degradation rate, consequently the half-life was reduced by 9.02 days and 9.50 days, respectively. In the soil spiked with high concentration of oxytetracycline, the degradation rate was increased to 19.83% and 17.93% when applied 5% and 10% organic fertilizer to soil, and the half-life was reduced by 12.28 days and 13.38 days, respectively. Pearson Correlation Analysis was performed on soil properties and on oxytetracycline degradation dynamics. Results revealed a highly positive correlation between levels of organic fertilizer and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and pH values. A certain positive correlation was also observed between levels of organic fertilizer and the degradation rate of oxytetracycline. Comparing to the control soil, the application of organic fertilizer accelerated the degradation of oxytetracycline. Such effect was enhanced as the initial concentration of oxytetracycline in soil increased. However, different levels of organic fertilizer have no significant effects on the degradation of oxytetracycline. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Antibiotics - Correlation methods - Degradation - Fertilizers - Health risks - Nitrogen fertilizers - Pollution control - Soil moisture - Soil pollution control - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Degradation rate - Growth and development - Half lives - Organic manure - Orthogonal experiment design - Pearson correlation analysis - Pseudo first-order kinetics - Soil physico-chemical properties
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.7 Health Care - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.15e-01yr, Age 2.47e-02yr, Age 2.60e-02yr, Age 3.36e-02yr, Age 3.67e-02yr, Age 7.67e-02yr, Mass 5.00e+00kg, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.77e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.98e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 41>
Accession number:20164603020697
Title:Variation of surface water quality based on crop-livestock structure change and its pollution assessment in Sichuan Hilly Area
Authors:Chen, Shanghong (1, 2); Zhang, Qingwen (2); Chen, Hongling (1); Zheng, Shenghua (1); Wu, Ming (1); Mei, Xurong (2); Liu, Dinghui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu; 610066, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture of CAAS, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Dinghui(dinghuiliu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:52-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to analyze the influence of crop-livestock structure to the seasonal change and spatial variation characteristics of surface water in Sichuan Hilly Area, the water quality indexes including CODC r, TN, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, NH4<sup>+</sup>-N and TP were investigated from March 2013 to February 2015 in Zhongjiang county of Sichuan province, based on seven monitoring sections in Xiangtan river and four research points in Zhenggouwan small watershed, and the water quality pollution status was also evaluated by using single factor evaluation method and the comprehensive pollution index method. The outcomes showed that in low flow period, CODcr, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N and TP were major pollutants of surface water in seven monitoring sections in Xiangtan river, and their concentrations were 15.67%, 59.35% and 12.83% higher than that of the annual average value respectively. In high water period, the major pollutant was TN, and its concentration value increased by 19.27 % comparing with that of the annual average value. The concentrations of TN, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N and TP of surface water in different areas followed the order that Livestock Farms > Planting Regions & Livestock Farm > Planting Regions in Xiangtan river, and Large-scale pig farming's waste emissions was the root cause of surface water pollution in Planting Regions & Livestock Farm area, and the CODcr, TN, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N and TP concentrations of surface water in this area increased by 17.79%, 198.15%, 132.10%, 219.85%, 567.57% respectively, comparing with that of Planting Regions. Both the Large scale pig farming in Xiangtan river and below designated size pig farming in Zhenggouwan small watershed significantly increased the total surface water pollution index, it also changed the type of surface water pollution, and in Planting Regions, the surface water pollution type was TN - CODcr pollution, but that was TN - TP pollution in both of Livestock Farms and Planting Regions & Livestock Farm area. According to the results of single factor evaluation method, the surface water pollution was serious in seven monitoring sections in Xiangtan river and four research points in Zhenggouwan small watershed, and their water quality all reached inferior V class water quality standard, on the basis of "surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002)". The crop-livestock structure also changed the degree of surface water pollution, and the Nemerow Pollution Indexes of surface water in Planting Regions in both Xiangtan river and Zhenggouwan small watershed were 2.95and 2.89, but that were 8.93 and 5.56 in Planting Regions & Livestock Farm respectively, so centralized Pig breeding particularly large scale pig farming's waste emissions exacerbated degree of surface water pollution to its downstream receiving waters. From the perspective of water pollution control, it is essential to launch control of water loss, soil erosion and soil nutrient loss, especially nitrogen loss in Planting Regions in Sichuan Hilly Area, at the same time, urgently need to strengthen technology research about harmless treatments and resource recycling utilization of livestock residues, to promote the healthy development of Sichuan hilly area and ensure ecological environment of the upper reaches of the Yangtze river. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:River pollution
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Aquaculture - Crops - Mammals - Oil spills - Pollution - Pollution control - Pollution detection - Quality control - Rivers - Soil conservation - Soil pollution control - Surface waters - Water pollution - Water pollution control - Water quality - Water recycling - Water resources - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Concentration values - Ecological environments - Hilly areas - Single factor evaluation - Upper reaches of the yangtze rivers - Water quality indexes - Water quality pollution - Water quality standard
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 445.2 Water Analysis - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+02%, Percentage 1.57e+01%, Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 1.93e+01%, Percentage 1.98e+02%, Percentage 2.20e+02%, Percentage 5.68e+02%, Percentage 5.94e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 42>
Accession number:20164603020698
Title:Parametrization of reference crop evapotranspiration model in Anhui Province
Authors:Cao, Wen (1, 2, 3); Yang, Taiming (3); Chen, Jinhua (3); Wang, Xiaodong (3); Duan, Chunfeng (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui Meteorological Institute, Hefei; 230031, China; (2) AnHui Province Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing Key Laboratory, Hefei; 230031, China; (3) AnHui Agrometeorological Center, Hefei; 230031, China; (4) Anhui Climate Center, Hefei; 230031, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Taiming(ytm0305@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:60-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Model parameter optimization is one of key issues to accurately estimate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>). This study evaluated feasibility of different methods for estimation of net long-wave radiation, air pressure and vapor pressure and established optimal parameters for ET<inf>0</inf>estimation in Anhui Province. The data collected included daily observations of 81 meteorological stations in Anhui Province from 1961 to 2011 and daily observed radiation data of Hefei, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Nanchang radiation stations from 1993 to 2011. Seven different net long-wave radiation methods were Brunt method, Penman method, Bepлянд method, FAO24 and FAO56 PM method, Deng Genyun method and Tong Hongliang method. The net long-wave radiation calculated based on radiation balance equation was considered as standard value. Vapor pressure was estimated based on 2 methods: 1] daily maximum and minimum temperature; and 2) mean air temperature. They were compared with measured vapor pressure. Air pressure was estimated by FAO56 PM method, which was compared with measured air pressure. Furthermore, the optimal parameterization scheme of ET<inf>0</inf>for Anhui Province was established by combining the results and the previous optimal daily solar radiation parameterized model. Finally, the effect of parameter optimization on the ET<inf>0</inf>estimation was analyzed. Results showed that the net long-wave radiation over Anhui Province was underestimated by all these 7 methods with the mean absolute relative errors almost larger than 30%. The mean absolute relative error and root mean square error of the Deng Genyun method was 24.8%-31.3% and 1.44-1.93 MJ/(m<sup>2</sup>·d) for the 5 stations, which were less than those of the other 6 models. In addition, the Tong Hongliang method was also better than the others. Both were good for Anhui Province. Due to a large value of air pressure, estimators of air pressure based on FAO56 PM model had smaller errors in most areas of Anhui. The vapor pressure calculated based on mean air temperature and relative humidity was better than that based on maximum and minimum temperature. The former had mean absolute relative error of 2.0% and root mean square error of 0.04 kPa. The errors in plain stations were smaller than at stations located at mountain. Though the empirical air pressure and calculated vapor pressure estimation models were suitable in Anhui Province except 3 mountain stations, the measured values were still recommended if possible, especially for high latitude. The mean absolute relative errors between the standard values of ET<inf>0</inf>values calculated by measured values and that by the optimal model were 15.5%, 9.05% and 6.12% at the daily, monthly and annual scale, respectively, indicating that the optimal model was applicable in Anhui Province. The FAO56 PM model overestimated the solar radiations and underestimated the net long-wave radiations in Anhui Province, resulting in that an overestimation of ET<inf>0</inf>up to 40.0% at all daily, monthly and annual scales. Thus, a recommended scheme for ET<inf>0</inf>estimation in Anhui Province was Caowen modified method for solar radiation, Deng Genyun method for net long-wave radiation, and measured values for air and vapor pressure. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Atmospheric temperature - Crops - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Hydrostatic pressure - Mean square error - Models - Parameterization - Radiation - Solar radiation - Tools - Vapor pressure
Uncontrolled terms:Anhui - Daily solar radiations - Maximum and minimum temperatures - Model parameter optimization - Parameterization schemes - Parametrizations - Reference crop evapotranspirations - Root mean square errors
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.48e+01% to 3.13e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.12e+00%, Percentage 9.05e+00%, Pressure 4.00e+01Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 43>
Accession number:20164603020738
Title:Analysis on land use research progress by Citespace
Authors:Qian, Fengkui (1); Wang, Weiwen (1); Zhang, Jingye (1); Zhang, Xuefeng (1); Liu, Hongbin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Hongbin(liuhongbinsy@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:344-351
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Citespace software is an important tool which could identify and show the new research trends and dynamic situation in scientific literatures. In this article, the data mining and quantitative analysis were carried out with the subject terms of 'land use' by Citespace software by searching 695 papers from the journal <Transactions of the CSAE>. In this paper, it also showed the theme, content and development tendency of the research field of land use engineering by visual model with five years interval. The research results showed that: 1) In the period of 2001-2015 a, the systematic of the research content and theme is gradually increased in land use engineering field. It is developed from the initial stages of the weak convergence of research topic and content, into the stage of systematic research with distinctive themes, which were closely linked and rich. Especially in the period 2006-2010, the research topic and keywords have good relationship with each other, the features of this period research showed in the field of agricultural classification, land consolidation and land use change and pattern. In the period of 2011-2015, the research emphasis on demands of society and land management, the basic farmland planning, high-standard basic farmland construction and agricultural classification were emerged systematically in the field of land consolidation, the research contents were more completely. 2) The research of land use has achieved abundant research results in recent 15 a including that the numbers of published articles increasing, the research fields becoming clustered with research topic and keywords related closely and following the advanced achievement and focus on renewing the theories of land use. The research hot-spots and features are increasingly distinctive and prominent in the field of land use engineering. The subject of land use change and pattern are always concerned; the basic and applied research on agricultural classification are widely used and it is a high explosive research area; Land consolidation has become a focus field of scholars concentrated, and has formed rich theoretical and practical results. 3) In this paper, it has proved that land use research not only included theoretical research, which could help developing land use discipline system, but also included practical applying research, which could help summarizing development rule of land use research, the theory and practical applying of agricultural classification was a good example. It also suggests to enhance the basic theoretical research in the field of the land use projects, to form a rich land use engineering theory for guiding practice, and gradually to form a scientific system of the land use engineering discipline. We should make full use of the opportunities that land use engineering officially became a nationally technical occupation, to develop and establish the land use engineering discipline of China. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Data mining - Dynamic analysis - Farms
Uncontrolled terms:Basic and applied research - Citespace - Development tendency - Engineering disciplines - Research fields - Scientific literature - Systematic research - Theoretical research
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.049
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 44>
Accession number:20164603020700
Title:Effects of straw returning and plastic film mulching on environmental effect in intercropping system
Authors:Yin, Wen (1); Feng, Fuxue (1, 2); Zhao, Cai (1); Yu, Aizhong (1); Guo, Yao (1); Chai, Qiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Chai, Qiang(chaiq@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:77-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reasonable interspecific configuration can improve the efficiency of resource utilization, reduce environmental risks of crop production, and achieve the goal of resource saving and carbon emission reduction. In this paper, a two-year field experiment (2014 and 2015) was carried out in a typical oasis irrigation region to determine the effects of different previous straw returning treatments and plastic film mulching patterns combined with tillage patterns on crop yields, water utilization, and carbon reduction, and quantify the resource input reduction potential and cycle efficiency, for providing the theory and practice basis on compound production pattern and building related technology. The results showed that, compared with conventional wheat and maize monoculture, wheat-maize intercropping production pattern increased grain yield by 162.9% and 10.4%, respectively. Especially, wheat-maize intercropping coupled with 25 to 30 cm height of straw standing and plastic film mulching for two years (i.e., NTSSI<inf>2</inf>), and 25 to 30 cm height of straw covering and plastic film mulching for two years (i.e., NTSI<inf>2</inf>) had the best effect on the increasing of grain yield, 13.0% and 13.8% greater than conventional treatment. Similarly, NTSSI<inf>2</inf>, NTSI<inf>2</inf>had higher water use efficiency, with 12.6% and 14.8% higher than CTI. The NTSSI<inf>2</inf>, NTSI<inf>2</inf>treatments can improve carbon emission reduction, which decreased total soil CO<inf>2</inf>emission by 598 and 670 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>compared with CTI, and the decreasing ratio was 11.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, NTSSI<inf>2</inf>and NTSI<inf>2</inf>increased solar energy utilization efficiency by 6.5% and 7.1%, respectively. The straw cyclic utilization ratio of the wheat-maize intercropping production pattern was 29.2% to 32.6% greater than CTI. Similarly, the cycle efficiency of N, P, K was 7.1% to 8.0%, 8.1% to 9.1%, and 10.0% to 11.5% greater than CTI, respectively. Meanwhile, NTSSI<inf>2</inf>and NTSI<inf>2</inf>had obvious resources saving potential, and compared with local conventional intercropping production pattern, they can decrease irrigation amount by 240 mm, and the decreased ratio was 28.6%. NTSSI<inf>2</inf>and NTSI<inf>2</inf>reduced N, P input by 190 and 40 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, and the reduced ratio was 35.8% and 16.0%, respectively. NTSSI<inf>2</inf>and NTSI<inf>2</inf>reduced plastic film input by 38 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, reduce by 50%. Overall, these practices reduced total input by 4423 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>, and increased net return by 10341yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>. Therefore, wheat-maize intercropping compound production pattern combined with no-till with the height of 25 to 30 cm straw retention and plastic film mulch mulching for two years can be used as the high-efficiency model of farming system for resources saving and carbon emission reduction in arid oasis irrigation area. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Energy efficiency
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Crops - Cultivation - Emission control - Energy utilization - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Plastic films - Solar energy - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon emission reductions - Conventional treatments - Cycle efficiency - Intercropping - Intercropping systems - Plastic film mulching - Resource utilizations - Resources saving
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.26e+01%, Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.48e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+02%, Percentage 2.86e+01%, Percentage 2.92e+01% to 3.26e+01%, Percentage 3.58e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+00%, Percentage 7.10e+00%, Percentage 7.10e+00% to 8.00e+00%, Size 2.40e-01m, Size 2.50e-01m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 45>
Accession number:20164603020714
Title:Design and development of leisure agriculture website and its improvement on leisure agriculture industry development
Authors:Liu, Hui (1); Yang, Lixian (1); Liao, Yan (2); Tian, Shaofeng (3); Xin, Xin (4)
Author affiliation:(1) The Rural Social Career Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100122, China; (2) Postdoctoral Scientific Research Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Beijing Tian Shi Xin Yu Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing; 100135, China; (4) Leisure Agriculture and Rural Tourism Branch of China Tourism Association, Beijing; 100122, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Yan(ly_liaoyan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:186-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The healthy development of leisure agriculture in China needs to realize effective supply and demand docking between agricultural leisure products and target consumer groups. In this paper, the 2 websites i.e. Chinese Leisure Agriculture and Go to Farm established by the Ministry of Agriculture were taken as the research objects, the module design, website column setting, content browsing time, and so on were analyzed, the actual construction effects were investigated for the 2 websites, and the corresponding suggestions of website construction were put forward. The results can provide the reference for exploring how to use Internet technology to better promote the development of Chinese leisure agriculture and rural tourism. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:4
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Economics - Internet - Web Design - Websites
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture and rural - Agriculture industries - Construction effect - Design and Development - Effect - Internet technology - Rural tourisms - Supply and demand
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 46>
Accession number:20164603020737
Title:Pyrolysis mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide based on macroscopic experiments and molecular simulations
Authors:Wang, Shuang (1); Xia, Zhen (1); Hu, Yamin (1); He, Zhixia (1); Wang, Qian (1); Lin, Xiaochi (1); Xu, Shannan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Key Laboratory of South China Sea, Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou; 510300, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Shannan(xushannan@scsfri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:338-343
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to understand the thermal decomposition mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide and the formation mechanism of main products from the micro perspective, two main seaweed polysaccharides molecules, enteromorpha clathrate sulfated polysaccharides and sargassum fusiforme fucoidan were selected. Through Py-GC/MS and TG-MS experiments, the formation mechanism of products was analyzed. Py-GC/MS results showed that enteromorpha clathrate polysaccharides pyrolysis forms furans mainly, with 5-methyl-furfural as the typical product; while the products of sargassum fusiforme pyrolysis are mainly polysaccharide acid esters. The polymers builder of hyperchem and the semi-empirical method were used to build and optimize the molecular model of sulfated polysaccharides and fusiforme fucoidan. Then the characteristic parameters of molecules were obtained. Based on amber force field, the pyrolysis processes of the seaweed polysaccharide model compounds were simulated with the molecular dynamic method at 297-1200 K and periodic boundary conditions. The simulation results showed that the pyrolysis of lignin model compound can be divided into three stages: the low temperature stage (below 500 K), the intermediate temperature stage (500-800 K) and the high temperature decomposition stage (above 800 K). It was found that the reaction stage concentrated mainly in the intermediate temperature stage. The simulation results showed that hydroxide radical was produced at about 400 K. And when the temperature was increased to about 500 K, polysaccharides molecular monomers were formed with the break of glucoside bond. At the same time, pyranoid ring was also opened with the formation of various kinds of molecular fragments. The experimental results were basically in agreement with those of pyrolysis simulation. Besides, the formation mechanisms of H<inf>2</inf>O, CO<inf>2</inf>, and SO<inf>2</inf>during the pyrolysis of seaweed polysaccharides were analyzed combined with TG-MS gas release mass spectrometry. The GC-MS were adopted to analyze the composition of bio-oil which was obtained through fast pyrolysis. By comparing the experimental and simulational value, the influence of those pyrolysis gases content on the distribution of pyrolysis product and the reaction pathways was also analyzed. The results of TG-MS verify that the release of H<inf>2</inf>O from seaweed polysaccharide occurs in the temperature range of 250-350℃. CO<inf>2</inf>mass spectrometry shows that there are two major precipitation peaks in the pyrolysis process, one at low temperature (200℃), and the other at high temperature (800℃). SO<inf>2</inf>mass spectra shows that there are two precipitation peaks in the range of 280-350 and 650-800℃. In the process of the seaweed polysaccharide pyrolysis, the maximum precipitation peaks of pyrolysis gases correspond to the DTG peaks under fixed heating rate. The three main light gases (H<inf>2</inf>O, CO<inf>2</inf>and SO<inf>2</inf>) show a bimodal characteristic. The precipitation of H<inf>2</inf>O is mainly caused by the alkyl and carboxyl group fracturation. The main reason of the CO<inf>2</inf>generation is related to the decarboxylation reaction occurs in pyrolysis process. CO<inf>2</inf>precipitation is mainly due to the C-O-C fractured in low temperature range, and the main reason of the CO<inf>2</inf>generation is the biaryl ether decomposition in high temperature range. SO<inf>2</inf>precipitation is mainly due to the reaction of elimination of sulphate in low temperature range, and the main reason of the SO<inf>2</inf>generation is the sulphate decomposition in high temperature range. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Carboxylation - Chemical analysis - Chromatographic analysis - Decomposition - Dynamics - Mass spectrometry - Molecular dynamics - Molecules - Polysaccharides - Reaction intermediates - Seaweed - Spectrometry - Sulfur dioxide - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Biomas - Decarboxylation reactions - Fucoidans - High-temperature decomposition - Intermediate temperatures - Periodic boundary conditions - Sulfated polysaccharides - Thermal decomposition mechanism
Classification code:471.1 Oceanography, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Temperature 2.97e+02K to 1.20e+03K, Temperature 4.00e+02K, Temperature 5.00e+02K, Temperature 5.00e+02K to 8.00e+02K, Temperature 8.00e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.048
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 47>
Accession number:20164603020718
Title:Feces collection and composting technological design on scaled beef cattle farms
Authors:Xu, Pengxiang (1); Sun, Minjie (2); Li, Ji (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Beijing VOTO Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ji(liji@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:213-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Since the rapid development of livestock breeding industry, the amount of livestock manure discharge, which contains large amounts of nutrients and harmful ingredients, has increased rapidly in China. If these livestock manures are not treated timely, the environment would be polluted seriously, which would also in turn prevent the development of livestock breeding industry. A law named "Regulation on prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding", issued by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, points out that livestock and poultry farms must build waste treatment facilities since January 1st, 2014. At present, therefore, controlling pollution has become the most important thing for livestock breeding industry in China.There are two kinds of feces cleaning technologies including Dry Cleaning Technology (DCT) and Water Flushing Technology (WFT). In DCT, the feces and urine are separated and collected at the breeding house, and then are used as the composting material and liquid fertilizer, respectively. This technology has become the main feces cleaning way in China due to its high efficiency in saving water and reusing the waste matter. In this study, the formula for feces collection on scaled beef cattle farms using DCT was analyzed and summarized through investigating formulas for calculating: 1) the feces amount from one adult cattle; 2) the feces amount from all cattles on a cattle farm; and 3) feces collection. After feces collection, the efficient composting technology was designed through determining: 1) the calculation of material balance; 2) the main parameters controlling composting process; 3) the main workshop sizes (e.g. the raw material workshop, the first fermentation workshop, the second fermentation workshop, the product storage workshop, the biological aerated filter and other auxiliary workshops); and 4) the main equipments used in composting. To easily understand, the feces amounts were calculated based on a given breeding scale, i.e., a farm with 10 thousands of beef cattles. The results showed that the feces amounts of scaled beef cattle farms using DCT can be calculated by the cattle number and that the collection rate coefficient was 0.83, resulting in about 150 t feces with 82% moisture for a farm with 10 thousand beef cattles. A total of 210 t raw materials (150 t cattle feces mixed with 60 t additive, adjusting moisture content to 60% based on wet weight) can produce 93.04 t end-products after composting. In addition, the composting project covers an area of 17 738 m<sup>2</sup>, and the whole system can be operated automatically by a set of special equipments. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:7
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Beef - Biological materials - Cleaning - Composting - Dry cleaning - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Manures - Meats - Moisture - Pollution - Pollution control - Technology - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Beef cattle - Biological aerated filter - Cleaning technology - Composting process - Efficient composting - Liquid fertilizers - People's Republic of China - Prevention and controls
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.77e+04m2, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 48>
Accession number:20164603020516
Title:Effects of emulsifiers on processing characteristics and sensory quality of frozen spring roll wrapper
Authors:Wang, Xuan (1); Liang, Jianfen (1); Tian, Fang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liang, Jianfen(liangjf@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:417-422
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Spring roll is a kind of convenient and delicious traditional Chinese snacks, which is widely consumed by consumers both domestic and abroad. With increased consumption and application of technology, freezing is also used for spring roll production. However, there are a number of problems left to be solved on quality of frozen spring roll, such as the cracking in wrapper caused by water lost, being not crispy enough after fried, the filling splashing out during frying. In order to improve the quality of spring roll and explore the effects of emulsifiers on qualities of frozen spring roll, glycerol monostearate (GMS), sucrose fatty acid ester (SE), sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), diacetyl tartaric acid esters monod and diglycerides (DATEM) and lecithin were chosen for further investigation. The changes of slurry viscosity over time, weight loss rates of spring roll wrapper in the period of frozen storage and sensory quality of fried products were evaluated. To understand the mechanisms of emulsifier on processing characteristics, the tensile properties of fresh and frozen wrapper were also determined by texture analyzer. The results showed that the addition of emulsifier could enhance stability of the slurry viscosity during the freezing time compared to the control, and combined with the requirements of actual production, the optimum addition of the five kinds of emulsifier are 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.2% respectively for GMS, SE, DATEM, SSL and lecithin. Frozen storage process was always accompanied by a loss of water, and water loss rate of the control spring roll wrapper was up to 17.1% after 1 month freezing. Emulsifier could significantly reduce water loss rate during the freezing storage (P<0.05), and GMS had the best effect, followed by 0.2% SSL and 0.3% SE, but 0.3% DATEM and 0.2% lecithin had poor water retention. For the hardness of spring roll wrapper, after 1 month of frozen storage, the hardness of control samples increased by 427% compared with fresh ones, while the average hardness of the samples added with emulsifiers only increased by 137%. This result showed that the emulsifier could significantly inhibit the negative effects of freezing (P<0.05), especially for GMS and lecithin. And GMS could also significantly enhance the maximum tensile resistance of the spring roll wrappers, increased by 102% compared to control sample. Except for GMS, the other four kinds of emulsifiers had certain improvement effects on hardness and tensile properties of spring rolls wrapper during the frozen storage. In general, GMS had the best effect on water retention, and it could greatly slow down the deterioration of hardness and tensile properties, lower weight loss rates and thus optimize the quality of frozen spring roll. In terms of sensory evaluation, GMS also had positive effects on improving uniformity of surface color and external shape, and had no significantly negative effects on flavor of the products. Addition of emulsifiers showed different aspects to improve the quality of frozen spring roll wrapper. The results provide the theoretical basis for the emulsifiers widely applied to the frozen spring roll products. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Emulsification - Esters - Fatty acids - Freezing - Hardness - Lecithin - Mechanical properties - Sensory perception - Viscosity - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Glycerol monostearate - Quality improvement - Sensory qualities - Sodium stearoyl lactylate - Sucrose fatty acids - Tensile resistance - Texture analyzers - Weight loss rates
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.33e-02yr, Percentage 1.02e+02%, Percentage 1.37e+02%, Percentage 1.71e+01%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Percentage 4.27e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.059
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 49>
Accession number:20164603020715
Title:Construction of input-output model of nitrogen and phosphorus of "planting system-beef cattle-organic fertilizer-cropping system" circular agriculture model
Authors:Liu, Qiongfeng (1); Cui, Xinwei (3); Wu, Haiyong (1); Gu, Yu (1); Li, Mingde (1); Wu, Jinshui (2); Xiao, Heai (2); Yang, Zengping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (2) The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural and Biological Resources Utilization, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China
Corresponding author:Li, Mingde(limingde460@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:191-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:According to the ecological characteristics of subtropical hilly region, "planting system-beef cattle-organic fertilizer-cropping system" circular agriculture model was constructed which including planting system, breeding system, waste harmless treatment system and product marketing service system. In order to reveal the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus flows in each subsystem of circular agriculture model, the Input-Output model of nitrogen and phosphorus was constructed that based on the input-output model theory, and determined the calculation method of model parameters. Take Jinjing town of Changsha county as an example, the results show that the established nitrogen and phosphorus Input-Output model can reflect the nitrogen and phosphorus flow of intermediate and final products in each subsystem of circular agriculture model and establish the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus between the production and distribution in main products of circular agriculture system. Theresearch findings can not only provide scientific reference for efficient utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus resources of agriculture and animal husbandry compound circular agriculture model but also provide theoretical basis for the study on the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in agriculture and animal husbandry ecological system. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:11
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Beef - Ecology - Ecosystems - Fertilizers - Marketing - Meats - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture systems - Beef cattle - Ecological characteristics - Harmless treatments - Input output model - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Organic fertilizers - Scientific references
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 911.4 Marketing
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 50>
Accession number:20164603020722
Title:Effects of different additives on evaluation of maturity and gaseous emissions during sewage sludge composting
Authors:Yuan, Jing (1); He, Shengzhou (1); Li, Guoxue (1); Peng, Shengping (2); Chen, Shili (1); Du, Longlong (1); Zhang, Difang (1); Xu, Pengxiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Beijing VOTO Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:241-246
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sewage sludge is an unavoidable by-product of the wastewater treatment process. In recent years, the amount of sewage sludge generated has increased dramatically with the upgrading and expansion of wastewater treatment plants in China. Composting is an effective and economical method for the treatment of solid or semisolid biodegradable waste prior to land application. Stable and mature compost can be applied to soil as an organic amendment to improve plant growth and soil fertility, as well as enhancing the function of soil for carbon sequestration. However, the application of unstable and immature compost may fix nitrogen in the soil and restrict plant growth by competing for oxygen in the rhizosphere and releasing toxic substances. Bulking agents are always required to modify the properties of sewage sludge during composting because of the high moisture contents, low C/N ratio and high density of the material. Emissions of gases such as ammonia (NH<inf>3</inf>), methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) and nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) can cause secondary pollution and reduces the environmental benefits of compost. In addition, these substances contribute to nutrient loss from the compost product and therefore lower the quality of the compost product. This study investigated the effects of different additives on maturity and gaseous emissions (NH<inf>3</inf>, CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O) during sewage sludge composting. Two different additives (cornstalks and woody peat) were used to co-compost sewage sludge under aerobic conditions in 60 L reactors for a 35 d period. To create aerobic conditions, the air pump installed with the reactor was operated by an automatic controller with an air flow rate of 0.2 L/(kg·min). In this study, dewatered sewage sludge without anaerobic digestion was collected from a sludge dewatering workshop. The additive amount of both cornstalks and woody peat were 15% raw materials (wet weight). During the experiment, maturity indexes such as temperature, pH value, Electric conductivity, C/N ratio, and germination index were determined, and continuous measurements of gaseous emissions (CH<inf>4</inf>, N<inf>2</inf>O, and NH<inf>3</inf>) were taken. The results showed that adding cornstalks in sewage sludge composting reached the required maturity standard and met the compost sanitation requirements. For the adding of cornstalks, NH<inf>3</inf>and CH<inf>4</inf>mainly occurred in the mesophilic and thermophilic phase of composting, process, while N<inf>2</inf>O occurred predominantly in the later period of composting. The cumulative emission of NH<inf>3</inf>, CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O for CS treatment (added cornstalks) was 2.2, 0.14 and 0.09 g/kg, respectively. Over 35 days of composting, the compost temperature of adding woody peat treatment almost approached the ambient temperature, and could not meet the compost sanitation requirements. There was no NH<inf>3</inf>emission and little CH<inf>4</inf>emission during composting, but lots of N<inf>2</inf>O occurred in the early period of composting for the treatment of adding woody peat. For the treatment of adding cornstalks, the contribution of NH<inf>3</inf>, CH<inf>4</inf>and N<inf>2</inf>O to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was 45%, 36% and 19%, respectively. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sludge digestion
Controlled terms:Additives - Anaerobic digestion - Carbon - Composting - Dewatering - Emission control - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases - Nitrogen fixation - Nitrogen oxides - Peat - Radioactive waste disposal - Sanitation - Sewage sludge - Sewage treatment plants - Soils - Straw - Waste treatment - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic controllers - Continuous measurements - Environmental benefits - High moisture contents - Maturity - Sewage sludge composting - Wastewater treatment plants - Wastewater treatment process
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 622.5 Radioactive Wastes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.59e-02yr, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Volume 6.00e-02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 51>
Accession number:20164603020717
Title:Research on comprehensive integration process and recycling technologies of biogas slurry
Authors:Du, Longlong (1); Zhang, Zhiye (1); Wang, Meng (1); Zhang, Bangxi (1); Li, Guoxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:207-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a new direction for treating and utilizing the biogas slurry, the filtration and membrane concentration has received widespread attention in China. The corn stalk is a biodegradable recycled material that is good for composting. In this study, the corn stalk, combined with volcanics and quartz sand, were used as the pretreatment material for the filtration of biogas slurry. The filter materials were filled in different filters (10 cm in diameter and 1 m in height) connected in series through putting the corn stalk in the first filter, volcanics in the second one and the quartz sand in the last one, respectively. Using the ultrafiltration membrane and nanofiltration membrane for biogas slurry concentration, the effect of the filtration on membrane concentration was studied and then the possibility of composting the corn stalk was investigated. The results showed that, after filtrating through the corn stalk, volcanic rock and quartz sand successively, the content of suspended solids in the biogas slurry was reduced from 3830 (in initial) to 142 mg/L, with more than 95% of the removal rate of the suspended solids. In addition, the COD was decreased, while other parameters did not changed significantly. Since a great amount of suspended solids in the biogas slurry was intercepted after filtration, resulting an appropriate C/N ratio for composting, the corn stalk can be composted successfully even under the condition that the initial moisture content was 75%. During the composting process, the temperature increased normally and maintained approximately 10 d of high temperature. After 28 d of composting, the corn stalk could meet the requirements of maturity, with a 5% total nutrient (total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and slightly changed moisture. After ultrafiltration and nanofiltration, in the concentrated solution the concentrations of the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were increased by 2.6, 1.9 and 4.5 times, respectively, when compared with untreated biogas slurry. Additionally, the Mg/Fe ratio and the amino acid concentration were increased by more than 10 and 8.8 times, respectively. After membrane concentration, the fertilizer potential of the biogas slurry was improved greatly, and the permeate liquid of the nanofiltration could achieve basic requirement of the farmland irrigation water quality standards and livestock and poultry breeding industry pollutant discharge standards. Furthermore, although the ammonium nitrogen was exceed, the BOD<inf>5</inf>, COD, suspended solids, total phosphorus, fecal coliform, and the ova of roundworm could all meet the requirement of the both standards. After some special treatment for the ammonium nitrogen, the permeate liquid may be used as the irrigation water or drained directly. This study can provide a good reference for the treatment and utilization of biogas slurry. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Filtration
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogas - Composting - Irrigation - Membranes - Microfiltration - Moisture - Nanofiltration - Nanofiltration membranes - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Potassium - Quartz - Recycling - Sand - Screening - Standards - Straw - Ultrafiltration - Water - Water filtration - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas slurry - Comprehensive integrations - Concentrated solution - Initial Moisture Content - Irrigation water quality - Membrane concentration - Recycling technology - Ultra-filtration membranes
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 453 Water Pollution - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.42e-01kg/m3, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 52>
Accession number:20164603020727
Title:Effects of different briquetting modes on production of Agaricus bisporus
Authors:Geng, Yucong (1, 2); Zhang, Tao (1, 2); Liu, Hongbin (1, 2); Zhai, Limei (1, 2); Yang, Bo (1, 2); Wang, Hongyuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongyuan(wanghongyuan@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:275-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, the technology of Agaricus bisporus cultivation was so traditional that the production or Agaricus bisporus was not high. The technology of Agaricus bisporus cultivation need to be promoted urgently, especially in Erhai River Basin of China. In early time, the production process of Agaricus bisporus substrate was very simple. In our research, the briquetting method in substrate was developed to promote the utilization efficiency of edible mushrooms substrate. Three schemes were setup, scheme 1, traditional technology with 350 kg / m<sup>3</sup>Compaction, scheme 2, 400 kg / m<sup>3</sup>briquetting method and scheme 3, 500 kg / m<sup>3</sup>briquetting method. The fruiting time, unit yield, conversion rate, cultivated area and total yield of Agaricus bisporus have been studied in this research, aim to provide theoretical basis for the practical application of the briquetting method. It is an important index to evaluate the quality of the substrate to affect the production efficiency of the Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that the fruiting time was 36 d by scheme 1, and it is 38 d by scheme 2 and 3. The distinction of two days would not affect the Agaricus bisporus production. The unit yield of scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 0.198, 0.205 and 0.279 kg / kg, respectively. The most obvious enhancement of unit yield was scheme 3 with the unit yield enhanced by 40.9%. The conversion rate of Agaricus bisporus by scheme 1 was 30.2 %. The conversion rate of scheme 2 was reduced to 27.9%. Although there was a certain degree of improvement in the yield by scheme 2, the nutrients in the substrate were not fully utilized. The conversion rate of Agaricus bisporus by scheme 3 was 28.6%, which was higher than that of scheme 2, but also lower than tradition method. If the conversion rate of the level can be further improved, further enhanced production will be achieved. It is demonstrated that the technology of briquetting method still has a certain potential in the improvement of the substrate utilization and production of Agaricus bisporus. The cultivated area of scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 5.4 m<sup>2</sup>, 4.7 m<sup>2</sup>and 3.8 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The more pyknotic the substrate is, the more cultivated area would be saved. The total yield of scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 22.5, 23.3 and 31.7 kg, respectively. The Agaricus bisporus production was 5.9, 6.1 and 8.4 kg per 100 kg fresh substrate by scheme 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It is easy to be found that the total yield was increased with the enhancement of compaction. The enhancement of scheme 2 was not obvious, which is only more than 3.6% of the traditional formula. While, compared to the traditional scheme, the production of Agaricus bisporus increased by 2.5 kg per 100 kg fresh substrate by scheme 3, which was 40.9% enhancement of traditional scheme. In conclusion, scheme 3 was demonstrated to be the optimal method, which can improve the production of Agaricus bisporus, save more cultivation area and reduce the cost. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the practical application of the briquetting technology of substrate. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Briquetting - Compaction - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Fungi - Manures - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agaricus bisporus - Conversion rates - Optimal methods - Production efficiency - Production process - Substrate utilization - Theoretical foundations - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Area 3.80e+00m2, Area 4.70e+00m2, Area 5.40e+00m2, Mass 1.00e+02kg, Mass 2.50e+00kg, Mass 3.17e+01kg, Mass 8.40e+00kg, Mass_Density 3.50e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+02kg/m3, Percentage 2.79e+01%, Percentage 2.86e+01%, Percentage 3.02e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 4.09e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 53>
Accession number:20164603020723
Title:Effects of air-dry pretreatment on maturity and odors during composting of pig manure and corn stalks
Authors:Zang, Bing (1); Li, Shuyan (1); Li, Guoxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:247-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Under the guiding thought of closed loop agriculture, the agriculture industry is becoming more intensified and specialized in China. Large scaled pig farms increased dramatically in China recently, which led to an enormous increase in pig manure. However, unlike in the US, the lagoon is not widely used to store swine manure in China because of the lack of land. Moreover, for some pig farms, it is hard to find enough land to consume all the manure nearby. Therefore, in some area, manure need to be transported to a specialized composting plant for treatment. Air-dry is a good process to decrease the volume of fresh manure for transporting. Meanwhile composting is a good way to treat pig manure as well as produce high-quality fertilizer. So it is meaningful to compare air-dried manure and fresh manure composting. In this study, composting reactors were used to conduct continuous aerated composting of air-dried pig manure and fresh pig manure. The dry matter of dry manure and fresh manure was controlled equally in each reactor. Same amount of 1~3cm corn stalks was used as a bulking agent for different treatments. Water was added into the feedstocks for the same initial moisture. Temperature, CO<inf>2</inf>, pH, electrical conductivity and germination index were measured to compare the maturity of two treatments. NH<inf>3</inf>and eight kinds of sulfur odors were measured to compare the odor emissions of treatments. Specialized gas chromatograph was used for the measurement of sulfur odors. The result showed that mature compost product could be obtained from both of dry manure composting and fresh manure composting according to the result of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and germination index. The electrical conductivity of dry manure composting product was significantly lower than fresh manure. It took less time for dry manure composting to start the curing phase. NH<inf>3</inf>, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide emissions of dry manure composting were 71.09%, 66.11% and 9.66% less than those of fresh manure composting, respectively. Dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide are the main odors (>96%) among H<inf>2</inf>S, COS, CS<inf>2</inf>, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan and ethyl mercaptan. The emissions of other sulfur odors of dry manure composting were all less than fresh manure too. There was no ethyl mercaptan detected in two treatments. The moisture of dry manure and fresh manure was 28.53% and 70.27%, respectively. Transporting fresh manure may cause more fly-tipping and odor issue than dry manure. The result of mass balance showed that the volume of manure was reduced by 1/3 after the air-dry process. And dry manure composting could produce 60% more product than fresh manure composting based on dry matter. The total carbon and total nitrogen of dry manure composting were higher than those of fresh manure composting. Therefore, composting manure after air-dry process could reduce the consumption of transporting, shorten the composting time, reduce the emission of odors, as well as increase the amount of composting product. The air-dry pretreatment process is a good choice for operators who have the demand for transporting manure to minimize the environmental impacts and maintain income in composting practice. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Composting - Cultivation - Electric conductivity - Environmental impact - Enzymes - Manures - Moisture - Odor control - Odors - Shotcreting - Sulfur - Sulfur compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture industries - Composting reactors - Different treatments - Dimethyl disulfides - Electrical conductivity - Gas chromatographs - Maturity - Pretreatment process
Classification code:412 Concrete - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.85e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.61e+01%, Percentage 7.03e+01%, Percentage 7.11e+01%, Percentage 9.66e+00%, Size 1.00e-02m to 3.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 54>
Accession number:20164603020509
Title:LingWu long jujube soluble solids content predicting model research based on dielectric spectra
Authors:Shen, Jingbo (1); Zhang, Haihong (1); Wu, Longguo (1); Li, Ziwen (1); He, Xiaoguang (1); Li, Haifeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Haihong(nxdwjyxx@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:369-375
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lingwu long jujube, as one of the special advantage fruits in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is favored by consumer. The traditional methods used in fruit soluble solids content detection are destructive testing and can't satisfy the fruit commercialization testing requirements because the fruit has lost its commodity value after testing. With simple principle and strong adaptability, dielectric spectrum detection technology is easy to operate and nondestructive, and has become the development trend of fruit quality nondestructive testing in recent years. In order to explore the possibility of predicting LingWu long jujube soluble solids content and to establish optimal prediction model of long jujube soluble solids content based on the dielectric spectrum, dielectric loss factor Ε″ spectra and dielectric constant Ε' spectra of 300 long jujube were measured with a network analyzer under 101 selected frequency points in the frequency range of 200 MHz-18 GHz. The prediction model of soluble solids content was researched using the long jujube dielectric loss factor Ε″ spectra and dielectric constant Ε' spectra. The 300 jujubes are divided into calibration set and prediction set according to the proportion of 4:1 using K-S method. The influences of frequencies and storage time on long jujube dielectric parameters were discussed with variance analysis method. The effective information of the dielectric spectra was extracted by genetic algorithm (GA) and correlation coefficient method (CC). Prediction model of soluble solids content was established using partial least squares (PLS), principal components regression (PCR) and support vector machine (SVM). The best modeling method was acquired by comparative analysis of determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup>, the standard deviation RMSEC and the standard deviation RMSEP. The results indicated that, with the frequency increasing, dielectric loss factor Ε″ of long jujube decreased first and then increased, while dielectric constant Ε' decreased gradually. The polarization characteristic frequency ƒ<inf>r</inf>of long jujube in the GHz frequency segments was 5.74 GHz gained from the spectrum curve. The analysis of variance indicated that frequency and storage time had a significant influence on dielectric properties. It is feasible to predict the soluble solids content based on the dielectric spectra. In order to improve the reliability of sugar prediction model, the effective information extraction methods of GA and CC were analyzed comparatively. 15 characteristic frequency points of the dielectric loss factor Ε″ and 14 characteristic frequency points of the dielectric constant Ε' were optimized by GA. 14 effective frequency points of the dielectric loss factor Ε″ and 19 effective frequency points of the dielectric constant Ε' were optimized by CC. Among them, the polarization characteristic frequency ƒr (5.74 GHz) of Ε″ and Ε' could be found by both GA and CC. The modeling effect with the extracted effective information using GA and CC is better than that with original spectrum modeling, the modeling effect with PCR is better than that with PLS and SVM. The optimal prediction models of soluble solids content based on dielectric loss factor Ε″ and dielectric constant Ε' spectra were GA-PCR and CC-PCR respectively. The effect of GA-PCR modeling with dielectric loss factor Ε″ is better than that of CC-PCR modeling with dielectric constant Ε', the correlation coefficients of calibration set and prediction set are 0.933 and 0.925 respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 0.661 and 0.702. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Dielectric losses
Controlled terms:Calibration - Dielectric devices - Dielectric properties - Dielectric spectroscopy - Electric insulation testing - Forecasting - Fruits - Genetic algorithms - Least squares approximations - Machine components - Mean square error - Model buildings - Model predictive control - Nondestructive examination - Polarization - Principal component analysis - Spectrum analysis - Statistics - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic frequencies - Correlation coefficient method - Determination coefficients - Information extraction methods - Lingwu long jujube - Partial least square (PLS) - Polarization characteristics - Soluble solids content
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+08Hz to 1.80e+10Hz, Frequency 5.74e+09Hz
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.052
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 55>
Accession number:20164603020515
Title:Depuration mechanism of Cd<sup>2+</sup>from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) based on molecular simulation analysis
Authors:Zhang, Bin (1); Fang, Chuandong (1); Yang, Huicheng (2); Zheng, Bin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China; (2) Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan; 316021, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Bin(6369958@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:412-416
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Proteolytic peptides-metal complexes is an organic trace element complexes which is made up of metal ions in soluble metal salt combined with peptides by covalent bonds with certain mole ratio, which has characteristics of quick absorption, good palatability, high biological titer, etc. Previous studies have showed that protein peptide hydrolysis-metal complexes in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Procambarus clarkia have good effect on Cd<sup>2+</sup>detoxification and removal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the depuration mechanism of cadmium ion (Cd<sup>2+</sup>) from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) based on homology modeling, dynamic simulation, and interaction energy analysis. The prepared hydrolysis peptides-Fe<sup>2+</sup>complexes (TPH-Fe<sup>2+</sup>) were added in cultured seawater to remove Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The results indicated that the significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the group by feeding 40 mg/L TPH-Fe<sup>2+</sup>. The initial Cd<sup>2+</sup>concentration in mussel was 47.099 μg/g, then decreased to 24.221 μg/g after 15 day's feeding. Subsequently, the three-dimensional structure of β-domain in metallothionein (MT) from blue mussel was modeled by computer homology modeling technique, based on the MT template (1DFT) from the mouse. The results of molecular dynamics simulation and semiempirical quantum mechanic calculations indicated the depuration mechanisms as follows: the hydrolytic peptides (carriers) and chelated Fe<sup>2+</sup>exhibited their activities in target organ cells after the absorption. It was hypothesized that the absorbed active peptides reduced the combined power between MT and Cd, resulting in the improvement of the turnover rate of MT. The released Fe<sup>2+</sup>also showed a positive effect on the removal of Cd in blue mussel. For these reasons, TPH-Fe<sup>2+</sup>is recommended as depuration agents in mussel feed to decrease the Cd concentrations in tissues. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Cadmium
Controlled terms:Bioinformatics - Cadmium compounds - Detoxification - Dynamics - Heavy metals - Hydrolysis - Iron compounds - Metal complexes - Metal ions - Metals - Molecular dynamics - Molecular modeling - Molluscs - Peptides - Quantum theory - Salt removal - Trace elements
Uncontrolled terms:Depuration - Interaction energies - Molecular dynamics simulations - Molecular simulations - Mytilus edulis - Proteolytic peptides - Semi-empirical quantum mechanics - Three-dimensional structure
Classification code:461.8.2 Bioinformatics - 461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 531.1 Metallurgy - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 931.4 Quantum Theory; Quantum Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 4.00e-02kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.058
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 56>
Accession number:20164603020704
Title:Effects of different organic wastes application on net greenhouse gas emission in farmland system
Authors:Li, Zhejin (1); Sui, Peng (1); Long, Pan (1, 2); Yan, Lingling (1, 3); Wang, Binbin (1); Chen, Yuanquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Yiyang Institute of Agricultural Scienees, Yiyang; 413002, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Yuanquan(rardc@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:111-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The recycling of agricultural organic wastes not only can mitigate its pollution to the environment, provide nutrients for farmland, but also increase soil carbon storage and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which play an important role to climate change. Five kinds of agricultural organic wastes were selected to the wheat-maize rotation system, including crop residue, biogas residue, mushroom residue, wine residue and pig manure, with chemical fertilizer as control. Based on the field trials, the effects of soil carbon storage, soil GHG emissions and net greenhouse gas emissions (NGHGE) were measured. The results from 2013-2015 showed that: 1) Compared with chemical fertilizer control, returning organic materials improved the ability of soil carbon sequestration by 63.52% of 0-20 cm soil during 2013-2015 years of observation, crop residue, biogas residue, mushroom residue, wine residue and pig manure increased by 33.13%, 86.34%, 75.97%, 52.66% and 69.48% in 2013-2015, respectively.Except the treatment of mushroom residue returning, organic material outside the croplands were more conducive to the increasing of soil carbon storage than crop residue. 2) Except crop residues returning, organic materials returning increased soil GHG emissions, soil GWP of crop residues were the lowest one, which was significantly lower than wine residue and pig manure (p<0.05), compared with biogas residue, mushroom residue, wine residue and pig manure, crop residue reduced emissions by 30.23%, 27.84%, 62.10% and 52.55%, respectively. 3) The values of NGHGE of each treatment were positive, which means all of the treatments were GHG emission sources. Compared with inorganic fertilizer control, except the treatment of mushroom residue returning, other organic amendments reduced GHG emissions and increased soil carbon pool s of the system(p<0.05), crop residues, biogas residues, wine residues and pig manures decreased NGHGE by 52.78%, 56.30%, 54.19% and 90.35%, respectively. Organic materials from outside had a better NGHGE than crop residues. In conclusion, recycling organic wastes is beneficial to the soil carbon storage, although increasing soil GHG emissions, it ultimately presents an enhancement of NGHGE, which reduced total GHG emissions of the whole system. Returning organic amendments such as crop residues, biogas residues, wine residues and pig manures far beyond the croplands had better effects of mitigating GHGs than crop residues. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Carbon capture - Climate change - Crops - Emission control - Farms - Fertilizers - Forestry - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases - Manures - Recycling - Soils - Storage (materials) - Wastes - Wine
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Inorganic fertilizers - Organic amendments - Organic materials - Organic wastes - Soil carbon pool - Soil carbon sequestration - Soil carbon storage
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.4 Storage - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.01e+03yr to 2.02e+03yr, Percentage 2.78e+01%, Percentage 3.02e+01%, Percentage 3.31e+01%, Percentage 5.25e+01%, Percentage 5.27e+01%, Percentage 5.28e+01%, Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 5.63e+01%, Percentage 6.21e+01%, Percentage 6.35e+01%, Percentage 6.95e+01%, Percentage 7.60e+01%, Percentage 8.63e+01%, Percentage 9.03e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 57>
Accession number:20164603020690
Title:Design and experiment of no-till precision planter for corn
Authors:Liu, Zhongjun (1, 4); Liu, Lijing (2, 3); Yang, Xuejun (2, 3); Zhao, Zhengbin (1, 4); Liu, Xiaoqiu (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center for Southern Grain and Oil Crop, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Modern Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China; (4) National Engineering Laboratory for Agricultural Production Machinery and Equipment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xuejun(camms@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:1-6
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is one of the main arid countries all through the world, and the percentof arid and semi-arid area is 52% of the whole country area. The farmland is exposed and becomes sandy because of the annual tillage and unreasonable cultivation, wind erosion and water erosion of the agricultural ecological losing balance, which seriously affects the agricultural sustainable development. A large number of experiments have showed that the conservation tillage technology is beneficial for the sustainable development of agriculture in north China, which can reduce the working procedure, reduce production cost, increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and reduce soil wind and water erosion to avoid sandstorm andimprove crop yields. Different regions have different planting patterns in North China, and there is large amount of straws in the farmland when sowing. In order to solve the problem of poor adaptability, low working efficiency, easily blocked opener, and easily burnt seedlings with the vertical fertilizer of traditional seeders, the new corn no-tillage precision seeder is designed with some structure parameters of its key parts analyzed and optimized, including fertilizer opener, grass divider, sowing unit, and so on according to the references at home and abroad and the planting patterns in North China. The notched disc opener can achieve deeper fertilization near the seeds, the involutes tooth disc grass divider can separate the grass and straws, and the sowing unit can achieve the multiple works of ditching, seeding, soil covering and pressing operation at one time. The field experiment was conducted to test the operation parameters such as the seed spacing coefficient of variation, reseeding index, the leakage index, seed depth qualified index and seeder traffic ability characteristics with the speed of 6 to 12 km/h in Laishui County, Hebei Province in 2014. Its field test showed that the grass divider with involutes tooth structure can separate the grass and straws away from the seeding line, effectively protecting the opener from being blocked and avoiding seed spilled on the straw. With the speed of 9 km/h, the designed no-tillage precision seeder achieved 92% in seeding depth qualified index, the seed spacing coefficient of variation is 9.6% in seed channel, 2.5% in the leakage index, and 4.5% in reseeding index. Furthermore, the designed corn no-tillage precision seeder enables the multiple works of furrowing, deep fertilizing, dividing grass, single-seed precision drilling, burying and compacting completed at one time with low soil agitation rate and high working performance, to satisfythe corn agronomy requirement. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Crops - Cultivation - Design - Disks (machine components) - Erosion - Farms - Fertilizers - Machine design - Planning - Soil conservation - Soils - Storms - Sustainable development - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Coefficient of variation - Conservation tillage - Double-disc opener - Operation parameters - Planter - Soil organic matters - Structure parameter
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 4.50e+00%, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+00%, Velocity 1.67e+00m/s to 3.33e+00m/s, Velocity 2.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 58>
Accession number:20164603020731
Title:Recent studies on eggshell as adsorption material
Authors:He, Wenjing (1, 2); Yang, Shuming (1, 2); Zhang, Guoyou (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Minister of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Shuming(yangshumingcaas@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:297-303
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is the largest egg production and consumption country in the world, more than 40% of the world's eggs produced in our country every year. In a strong contrast to the large egg production, only limited number of egg was exported to other countries, more than 90 percent of the egg was consumed domesticly, thus there are large quantities of eggshell waste produced by the egg industry, food industry, hatcher, restaurant, canteen and household every year. Eggshell waste is a serious matter in egg industy and will induce environmental pollution, as the residual egg white, which attract rats and other vermin. Disposing eggshell waste can be costly for egg and food industries, thus, recycling and reuse of eggshell waste are essential for the improvement of industry and protection of the environment. There are many reuse and disposal methods for waste eggshells, for example, to produce fertilizer, animal feed ingredients, discarded in municipal dumps and so on. Besides those methods stated above, eggshell has a large potential value in the remediation of polluted environment as a low-cost, easily obtained adsorbent and has received increasing academic attention. We analyzed the relationship between eggshell structure and adsorption, processing techniques, adsorption target, application and influencing factors of the eggshell as an absorbent in the remediation of polluted water and soil. On base of the published papers, we should pay more attention to the potential value of eggshell. The adsorbability of eggshell is on the base of its natural porous structures and high contents of calcium. Through the surface complexation and ion exchange, eggshell can adsorb many metal ions in different valence states, including Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cr<sup>6+</sup>, As<sup>3+</sup>, As<sup>5+</sup>, Au<sup>+</sup>, Au<sup>3+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, U<sup>6+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Pt<sup>2+</sup>, Pd<sup>2+</sup>and in polluted water and soil matrix. Eggshell has good adsorbability to the organic dyes in aqueous solutions, including congo red, crystal violet, methyl orange, methylene blue, reactive red, malachite green, ethyl orange, brilliant green direct violet, basic violet and so on. Eggshell is also reported to be able to absorb fluoride, phosphate, lignosulfonate compound, pancreatic lipase, COD, malathion and so on. Much studies focused on the adsorbability of eggshell in aqueous solutions compared with soil matrix. Only a few studies applied eggshell to immobilize heavy metals in the polluted soils. Matrix effects are different, depending on the targets that absorbed by the eggshell. Readers will benefit from this paper, especially in understanding the characteristics of the eggshell adsorbent, thus value the waste eggshell in future. Moreover, several typical cases have been introduced, which studied the processing techniques and modification of eggshell in order to improve the adsorbability of eggshell to different targets. For example, cleaning, grounding, calcination, developing synthetic hydroxyapatite, synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite, iron oxide coated eggshell powder, synthesis of alumina supported carbon composite and so on. We conducted this work and prepared this paper in the purpose of promoting the study and application of waste eggshell as an adsorbent in the remediation of polluted environment, advancing the resue of waste eggshell. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:54
Main heading:Waste disposal
Controlled terms:Absorption - Adsorption - Alumina - Aromatic compounds - Azo dyes - Cadmium - Cadmium compounds - Carbon - Carbon carbon composites - Citrus fruits - Cobalt compounds - Complexation - Copper - Dyes - Environmental protection - Heavy metals - Hydroxyapatite - Ion exchange - Iron compounds - Manganese - Manganese removal (water treatment) - Mercury (metal) - Metal ions - Metals - Nanocomposites - Palladium - Pollution - Soil pollution - Soils - Solutions - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption materials - Eggshell - Environmental pollutions - Processing technique - Protection of the environments - Study and applications - Surface complexation - Synthetic hydroxyapatite
Classification code:415.4 Structural Materials Other Than Metal, Plastics or Wood - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 531.1 Metallurgy - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 544.1 Copper - 547.1 Precious Metals - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 761 Nanotechnology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 933 Solid State Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 59>
Accession number:20164603020734
Title:Effect of green space location factors on reducing urban heat island effect
Authors:Li, Hong (1); Feng, Zhongke (2); Tang, Xiumei (3); Pan, Yuchun (3); Liu, Yu (3); Mao, Haiying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Specialized Forces College of PAP, Beijing; 102202, China; (2) Forestry of Academy, Beijing Forestry University, Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Zhongke(fengzhongke@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:316-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Urban heat island refers to a phenomenon that the temperature of the central unban is much higher than that of the surrounding suburbs. It is a harmful environmental problem which is mainly caused by urban development and the increase of population. The problem of thermal environment in the large and medium-sized cities is increasing day by day, which has already affected the daily life and the health of residents. As an essential part of ecological system, urban green patch plays an important role in adjusting urban thermal environment, improving urban climate and maintaining urban ecological environment by changing atmospheric water thermal cycle. In our developing country, rapid development of urban economy leads to a large number of land occupied by urban construction. The development of urban should not only be considered in the economic construction, but attention should be paid to protection of the ecological environment. At present, large quantities of researches have proved that expanding the scale of green space is the most economic and effective measure to alleviate urban heat island and improve urban thermal environment. However, less consideration has been taken to location differences of green space cooling effect. Reasonably projecting the construction of urban green space can balance the relationship of economic development and ecological environment and relieve the heat island effect effectively, according to the characteristics of different locations. The influence of locational factors on ecological environment can not only optimize the distribution of green space resources, but also resolve conflicts between the construction of urbanization and the protection of ecological system. At present, the research about the relation between urban green space and the heat island effect has been very mature, but the study of cooling effect of different regional green space is less. This study took Haidian district in Beijing as the study area, with 100m grids as evaluation unit. To select sorts of evaluation indexes from the perspective of green space demand, establish green demand degree of evaluation indexes at the consideration of green space present situation, the thermal environment status and the contribution to the heat produced by human activity factors. Construction of green space demand composite index and division ecological niches on this basis. Then we divided the study area into 3 types of ecological niches, including high green space demand area, mid green space demand area, low green space demand area. We obtained the best green space area in different ecological niches by conducting researches of the green space cooling effect on the surrounding environment in different ecological niches. The best green space area is 1.4-22 hm<sup>2</sup>in high green space demand area, 1.6-24 hm<sup>2</sup>in mid green space demand area and 0.24-17 hm<sup>2</sup>in low green space demand area. The result can provide a certain reference for construction optimization of green space area, and an effective method to divide ecological niches which is more reasonable than that from the angle of geographic space. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Developing countries - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Landforms - Location - Remote sensing - Temperature - Thermal pollution - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:City - Construction optimization - Ecological - Green spaces - Heat island intensities - Surrounding environment - Urban Heat Island Effects - Urban thermal environment
Classification code:403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 60>
Accession number:20164603020709
Title:Effect of different fertilizer on accumulation, distribution and assimilation of nitrate in radish
Authors:Wang, Huangping (1); Zhang, Qing (1); Weng, Boqi (2); Li, Fangliang (1); An, Mengyu (1); Luo, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou; 350013, China; (2) Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou; 350013, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Tao(luotaofjfz@188.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:148-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Radish is one of the most consumed vegetables, which is also a nitrate-rich root vegetable. Numerous studies have reported that fertilization was one of the major factors influenced nitrate content in vegetables, especially in radish. However, few researches on the influence of fertilization on nitrate accumulation, distribution and assimilation in vegetables have been carried out. Therefore, Experiments of radish cultivation were adopted to comprehensively investigate the effects of continuous application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the radish yield, the soil nitrate dynamics, and the absorption, distribution and assimilation of nitrates in vegetable tissue. The radish biomass was declined in the order of half chemical fertilizer plus half organic manure(FOM)>organic manure(OM)>chemical fertilizer(F)>no fertilizer(control, CK). Among them, there were no significant differences between FOM and OM treatments. The nitrate concentrations in leaves and roots were decreased following by F>FOM>CK>OM. And the content of crude protein in radish is in the same order with the nitrate concentration in leaves. Considering all these factors, including radish production, the nitrate accumulations in vegetable and soil, the most moderate fertilization was organic manure plus chemical fertilizer. If considering food safety of vegetables nitrate accumulation and environmental effect of soil nitrate, the single application of organic manure was the best after applying for several seasons. The risk of the nitrate accumulation of radish and the nitrate nitrogen residue of soil were followed by F>FOM>OM. The nitrate contents in leaves and root both showed a decreasing trend over time. In the vigorous growth stage of leaves, the nitrate contents in the aboveground parts were higher than those in the underground parts. While in the roots growth period, more nitrates were stored in roots. When chemical fertilizer was applied alone (F), higher nitrate content was absorbed by plant, more enriched nitrates were stored in petiole and inner leaves. When cow manure was single fertilized (OM), low nitrate nutrition was offered in the whole growth period, the accumulative nitrate in vegetables tissues were released to the mesophyll and outer leaves to maintain the normal growth of radish. Therefore, continuous application of organic fertilizer, not only decreased the nitrate content in vegetables, but also increased the vegetable yield in the latter seasons. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Fluorine - Manures - Nitrates - Nitrogen compounds - Plants (botany) - Soils - Tissue - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulation - Assimilation - Chemical fertilizers - Distribution - Radish
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 61>
Accession number:20164603020716
Title:Analysis of economic efficiency and energy flow characteristics of a circular and integrated agriculture model in the Loess hilly region
Authors:Wang, Yu (1); Wu, Faqi (2); Peng, Xiaoyu (1); Tong, Xiaogang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Faqi(wufaqi@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue date:October 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:199-206
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the foundation of the national economy industry, agriculture is facing the increasingly prominent resource constraints and environmental problems. At present, the development of agriculture in China has been mainly based on an extensive predatory mode of operation with one-way flow of resources, agricultural products, and wastes. Conventional production systems are characterized by high resource consumption, low material and energy utilization rates, and considerable pollutant emissions. Due to excess input of pesticides, fertilizers, and energy and food safety issues, the conventional production model has resulted in the exhaustion of agricultural resources such as water, land, and energy, destroying the eco-environment. While circular agriculture is a kind of new mode of agricultural development with the features of environmental friendly, economical and feasible. The use of ecological recycling in agriculture has been widely spread in China. Taking a circular integrated agriculture model in the Loess Plateau consisting of multiple subsystems (walnut and grain, pigs and poultry, and biogas) as a case, the energy flow feature and economic benefit were compared with the traditional agriculture model, to direct the development of agriculture in the Loess Plateau. The data of the study came from the investigation on the circular agriculture, field sampling and experimental analysis. By using method of flow analysis and cash flow analysis, some results were obtained as following. The indices of energy flow and economic benefit of the integrated agriculture model were superior to the traditional agriculture model. The operation of the integrated agriculture model imported more energy, which mainly was organic energy. The indicator of organic/inorganic energy of the integrated agriculture model was 46.2, which was 92 times of the traditional agriculture model. And its energy flow density was 2.7 times of the traditional agriculture model (7.0 MJ/(m<sup>2</sup>·a)), which was 19.7 MJ/(m<sup>2</sup>·a). The indicators of energy circulation index, system dependence and efficiency of solar energy utilization were 0.98, 37.4% and 0.5%. While, due to the complex structure of the integrated agriculture model, the energy input-output ratio was lower comparedto the traditional agriculture model. The energy yield of biogas subsystem was low, and the biogas subsystem need to be improved to enhance the energy production of the whole mode. The result of economic benefit showed that the total cost, total revenue and total net present value were higher than those in the traditional agriculture model. And the cost profit margin, the annual average yield and economic ratio of the integrated agriculture model reached 137.6%, 4.6%, and 2.4. The cumulative net cash flow of the integrated production mode in Yijun began to showpositive effect from the fifth year and its investment recovery period was 4 years, and it showed that the traditional agriculture mode need longer time to recover the principal, so the investment risk is higher for the traditional agriculture mode. To sum up, the integrated agriculture model can effectively use the waste produced in the system, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, show better capability of producing benefit and enduring economic risks, for which it must have a good popularization value in the hilly region. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Biogas - Chemical contamination - Economic and social effects - Economics - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Food safety - Investments - Landforms - Sediments - Solar energy
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Agricultural resources - Economic benefits - Energy flow - Environmental problems - Environmental-friendly - Loess hilly regions - Mode
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 522 Gas Fuels - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.38e+02%, Percentage 3.74e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.z2.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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