<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20160701941239
Title:Calculation of quantitative parameters of basic population of machine-transplanted late rice based on its tillering and panicle formation characteristics
Authors:L&uuml;, Weisheng (1); Zeng, Yongjun (1); Shi, Qinghua (1); Pan, Xiaohua (1); Huang, Shan (1); Shang, Qingyin (1); Tan, Xueming (1); Li, Muying (1); Hu, Shuixiu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Nanchang, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Yongjun(zengyj2002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:30-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanically transplanted rice has many advantages, such as stable yield, high efficiency, saving cost and freeing labor, and the area of mechanically transplanted double-rice has been larger and larger in China in recent years. However, the combination of agricultural machinery with its supporting agronomy technology, such as the optimal basic population and the rule of tillers, still needs to be further studied. In order to accurately determine planting density and make reasonable use of tillers for mechanically transplanted late rice, we examined the characteristics of tillering and panicle formation and the parameters related to basic population formulae using the combination of 3 high-yield late rice (Hyou 518, Hyou 159 and Wuyou 308) as study material. The 3 experimental materials were grown in the field of Shanggao, Jiangxi Province, China in 2013 and 2014. And the experiment was conducted under the condition of mechanically seeding and transplanting with high-yield agronomy technology during the whole growth period of late rice, and 3 replicates were for each treatment. Using the method of the tillering tracking, 10 holes of seedlings were set in each replicate to investigate the leaves and tillers emerging, panicles formation, and panicles traits on different nodes of each stem. The results showed that the primary tillers of the mechanically transplanted late rice were initiated mainly from the leaf positions of 3~7 on main stems, and the leaf positions of 3, 4, 5 and 6 was the superior positions for tiller initiation and panicle formation. The secondary tillers emerged from 3/0 to 5/0, such as 1/3, 2/3, 3/3, 1/4, 2/4 and 1/5, but panicles were formed mainly in 1/3 and 1/4. The panicle formation was mainly from the primary tillers, and the secondary tillers could form a few panicles. The panicle number per plant was about 4.5 for late hybrid rice in mechanically transplanting. Panicles on both main stems and tillers of superior leaf positions showed better properties and higher productivity, thus making greater contributions to the group yield. Appropriate number of panicles per stem, especially the panicle number of tillers of superior leaf positions is the premise of high-yield cultivation, which particularly increases the grain yield, not only for the panicle number, the branch number, the grain number, the setting percentage, the grain weight, and the spike weight, but also for more harmonious yield factors. For late hybrid rice mechanically transplanted at the stage with 4~5 leaves, the leaf age without tillering was 0.7~0.8, with the adjusting factor of 0.6 and the effective tillering rate of 0.8. In conclusion, in order to obtain a high yield of mechanically transplanted late rice, the key strategy is to ensure a reasonable number of basic seedlings, and then promote tillering as early and as much as possible, by increasing the effective tillering rate. The experiment indicates the rules of tillers emergence and panicles formation for late rice in mechanically transplanting, which provides a theoretical reference for the accurate density of planting and efficient utilization of the farm equipment in field production. According to the tilling characteristics of late rice transplanted by machine, the optimal management measures of seedling, manure, water and planting density should be further studied for giving full play to the middle tillers(tillers of superior leaf positions) of main stems. In addition, this study just includes the experimental datum of 2 years in the same late rice field, and further studies about the validation and perfection of multiple years and sites should be considered. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Agronomy - Crops - Cultivation - Fertilizers - Mechanization - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Basic population - Experimental materials - Optimal management - Panicle formation - Parameters - Planting density - Quantitative parameters - Tillering characteristics
Classification code:601 Mechanical DesignMechanical Design

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20160701941236
Title:Improving agricultural mechanization level to promote agricultural sustainable development
Authors:Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Liao, Juan (1); Hu, Lian (1, 2); Zang, Ying (1, 2); Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; (2) Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Lian(lianhu@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:1-11
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Although great development has taken place in agricultural mechanization since reform and opening up, China still faces the big challenge in improving agricultural resource utilization as well as promoting the sustainable development of agriculture at present. As we all know, it is mainly the 5 factors, i.e. water, soil, fertilizer, pesticide and seed that affect sustainable development in the construction of China's agricultural modernization. The overall development of agriculture in China will be impeded if the resource utilization stays low. There exist some phenomena: 1) the irrigation water use is 360 billion m3 each year, while canal-system water use efficiency is only 0.4~0.6; 2) high-quality cultivated land is lacking; 3) nitrogen use efficiency is about 30%~35%, which is 20% less than developed country; 4) pesticide utilization is merely about 30%, while leads to severe environmental pollution; 5) the demand of seeding quantity is high while there are shortage of high-quality seeds and serious waste of seeds. Accordingly, several technologies and machines in PA (precision agriculture) were put forward in this article so as to meet the requirement of agricultural sustainable development: precision irrigation, precision plow, precision fertilization, precision spraying, and precision sowing. By reviewing the researches at home and abroad, the current situation of PA was analyzed and thus the methods to achieve the 5 mentioned key technologies were presented. Meanwhile, some other suggestions were proposed to push the agricultural mechanization to play a greater and more important role on the utilization of agricultural resource and agricultural sustainable development: 1) further strengthen the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy as well as the basic study of related theory; 2) carry out in-depth studies on key technologies of maximum utilization of agricultural resource, especially in precision irrigation, precision plow, precision fertilization, precision spraying, and precision sowing; 3) enhance the capacity of independent innovation, namely, the capability of equipment design and manufacture related to PA; 4) accelerate extensive application of precision agricultural machine and equipment. Above all, this paper has provided a scientific guide and policy direction for improving utilization of agricultural resource, promoting agricultural mechanization and agricultural sustainable development. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:73
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Efficiency - Irrigation - Machine design - Mechanization - Natural resources - Pesticides - Planning - Seed - Sustainable development  - Water pollution - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Agricultural modernizations - Agricultural resources - Agricultural sustainability - Environmental pollutions - Independent innovation - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Precision fertilizations
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 453 Water PollutionWater Pollution

 - 601 Mechanical DesignMechanical Design

 - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial ChemicalsChemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 912.2 ManagementManagement

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20160701941256
Title:Effects of rain-harvesting and moisture-conserving measures on apple tree growth and development and soil water moisture in arid areas of loess plateau
Authors:Zhao, Gang (1); Fan, Tinglu (1); Li, Shangzhong (1); Zhang, Jianjun (1); Dang, Yi (1); Wang, Lei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Dryland, Lanzhou, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:155-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The arid areas of the loess plateau represent the second largest apple advantage production area in China. However, the desiccation in deep soil layers of the apple gardens in these areas constrains the sustained development of apple industry. Therefore, it is of vital importance to study the desiccation in deep soil layers. This research aims to effectively alleviate the desiccation in deep soil layers of the apple gardens in arid areas of the loess plateau, and to ensure the sustainable development of apple industry. From 2009 to 2014, gardens with full bearing period (20 years) apple trees in Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province were selected as testing areas. The treatments included rain-harvesting patterns as black film mulching and black film mulching+ Rainfall collection tri-infiltration, which made the outside of the main trunk incline ramp, covered with black film, was in close contact with the ground compaction and ease of catchment. The tree disks been covering about Apr-20, and adopting the cultivating pattern of local farmers as controlled group (CK). In consecutive 6 years, such indexes as apple yield, new shoot growth and soil water content were localized and measured within soil layer depths of 0~500 cm, and morphological indexes of apple trees were periodically measured. Changes in apple yield, morphological indexes and relative water deficit indexes within soil layer depths of 0~500 cm at different growth stages were analyzed. The result showed that compared with those under CK and black film mulching, black film mulching+ Rainfall collection tri-infiltration made average apple yield within 6 years increase by 16.49% and 3.63%, respectively, and the rate of optimal fruit improve by 8.91% and 3.86%, respectively, so the technology prevented apple tree from yield fluctuation during years. The proportion of short shoots in black film mulching+ Rainfall collection tri-infiltration was significantly higher than under both black film mulching and CK, and enhanced by 22.75% and 11.84%, respectively. Compared with those under CK, soil water contents within soil layer depths of 300~500 cm increased by 0.50%~2.63% in black film mulching+Rainfall collection tri-infiltration. and its infiltration depth of precipitation amounts to 480cm, which was 120cm and 280 cm deeper than those under black film mulching and CK, respectively. Compared with those under black film mulching and CK, average water storage in black film mulching+Rainfall collection tri-infiltration, increased by 6.2 mm and 17.3 mm, respectively, Because the black mulching can suppress evaporation of moisture invalid, lay a 40 cm depth of infiltration, increase the accumulative and average depth of infiltration, change the physical properties of the soil, and improve root growth environment, fruit morphology index has been effectively improved. Compared with that under CK, relative water deficit indexes reached -0.038 and -0.054 0, respectively under black film mulching and black film mulching+ Rainfall collection tri-infiltration, which indicated that both treatments repressed water deficit within soil layer depths of 0~500 cm and exerted moisture-conserving effects on soil water content in apple gardens. Black film mulching+ Rainfall collection tri-infiltration made infiltration depth of precipitation remain balanced, and soil water content in the main areas of root system distribution remained unabated. Their relative water deficit indexes within soil layer depths of 60~500 cm ranged within -0.12~-0.05, and the maximum compensation depths range was within 200~300 cm. Water compensations occur at the flowering period in spring and the harvesting period, can effectively relieve drought in next spring. Therefore, extruded infiltration + black film mulching can enhance apple yield and optimal fruit rate, improve water conditions and alleviates desiccation in deep soil layers of apple gardens through ensuring water consumption for apple tree growth during drought periods in spring and winter. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Catchments - Driers (materials) - Drought - Film growth - Forestry - Fruits - Growth (materials) - Harvesting - Landforms  - Moisture - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (meteorology) - Rain - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils - Sustainable development - Water content  - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Apple orchards - Different growth stages - Harvesting patterns - Harvesting periods - Loess Plateau - Soil water content - Water compensation - Yield fluctuations
Classification code:443.3 PrecipitationPrecipitation

 - 444 Water ResourcesWater Resources

 - 446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 481.1 GeologyGeology

 - 483 Soil Mechanics and FoundationsSoil Mechanics and Foundations

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial ChemicalsChemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20160701941261
Title:Fluorescent signal characteristics for sorting of peanut contaminated by aflatoxion
Authors:Wang, Yequn (1); Yang, Zengling (1); Zhang, Shaoying (1); Liu, Ting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shaoying(cauzsy@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:187-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanuts are especially susceptible to contamination of aspergillusflavus and aspergillusparasiticus, which can produce a kind of highly toxic substance, aflatoxin. The study about the separation technology of aflatoxin-infected peanuts before processing can effectively isolate the source of contamination by taking precautions instead of executing treatment on the contamination, thus being of great significance on guaranteeing food safety. For the purpose of effectively eliminating the red-skin peanuts with excessive aflatoxin levels from raw materials, one technology concept of one-by-one sorting method using the exclusive fluorescent signal of the red-skin peanuts with excessive aflatoxin levels was conceived here referring to the existing color sorting system. In this study, the fluorescence spectra of 100 red-skin peanut samples with representative appearance were determined using Cary Eclipse fluorescent spectrophotometer (at an excitation wavelength of 365 nm, an emission wavelength in the range of 400~600 nm and discharge voltage of 400 V). According to the fluorescence intensity distribution of samples at the wavelength of 450 nm, all these 100 red-skin peanut samples were divided into 8 groups. The aflatoxin content for each group of samples was determined using the standard method, GB/T 18972-2003 Determination aflatoxin content in food-Cleanup by immunoaffinity chromatography determination by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimeter. By comparing the surface fluorescence spectroscopy of the 8 groups with the obtained results from the standard method, the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of the the red-skin peanuts with excessive aflatoxin levels were primarily determined. The accuracy rate of discriminating the aflatoxin levels of red-skin peanuts using surface fluorescence was evaluated by means of drawing the box-plots of the fluorescence intensity ratio at 450 nm/490 nm and 460 nm/490 nm. Taking the colony laser fluorescence microscope as a platform, and using a laser beam expander that can enlarge the projection area of the excitation light to cover 2-3 peanuts, the fluorescence images of the red-skin peanuts with excessive aflatoxin levels were taken using a monochrome fluorescence image acquisition system, which was set up by putting a band-pass filter (460&plusmn;5 nm) at the front of an industrial camera objective. The results of this study showed that there was a correlation between the determination of the aflatoxinlevels in red-skin peanuts by using fluorescent spectrophotometer at an excitation wavelength of 365 nm to detect the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm and the aflatoxin measurement using the standard method, which means that while the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm is greater than 30 a.u., the aflatoxincontent exceeded the national standard limit. Thus, the characteristic fluorescent signal of the excessive aflatoxin contamination can be intended as follows: the emission spectra generate fluorescence peaks at 420~460 nm and the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm was greater than 30a.u., while under an excitation wavelength of 365nm. According to the calculation based on the Whisker upper and lower limit, the overlapping ratio of the fluorescence intensity was at 450 nm and 490 nm is 19%, indicating that the discrimination accuracy rate of red-skin peanuts with excessive aflatoxin levels was 81%. Meanwhile, using the fluorescence image acquisition system, the monochrome images of the aflatoxin excessive peanuts were obtained, which displayed blue light spot for the contaminated peanuts once the surface fluorescence intensity was greater than 40a.u. Overall, the study indicates that the surface fluorescence signal can be the exclusive light signal of the red-skin peanuts for on-line, nondestructive and one-by-one sorting, for the purpose of eliminating the red-skin peanuts with excessive aflatoxin levels. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Fluorescence
Controlled terms:Affinity chromatography - Aflatoxins - Agricultural products - Antigen-antibody reactions - Bandpass filters - Chromatography - Contamination - Emission spectroscopy - Fluorescence spectroscopy - Food safety  - High performance liquid chromatography - Image acquisition - Laser beams - Laser excitation - Liquid chromatography - Meteorological instruments - Oilseeds - Sorting - Source separation - Spectrophotometers
Uncontrolled terms:Discrimination accuracy - Excitation wavelength - Fluorescence intensities - Fluorescence intensity ratio - Immunoaffinity chromatography - Red-skin peanut - Separation technologies - Surface fluorescence signals
Classification code:443.2 Meteorological InstrumentationMeteorological Instrumentation

 - 461.6 Medicine and PharmacologyMedicine and Pharmacology

 - 461.9.1 ImmunologyImmunology

 - 703.2 Electric FiltersElectric Filters

 - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal ProcessingInformation Theory and Signal Processing

 - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and ApplicationsComputer Software, Data Handling and Applications

 - 741.1 Light/OpticsLight/Optics

 - 741.3 Optical Devices and SystemsOptical Devices and Systems

 - 744.8 Laser Beam InteractionsLaser Beam Interactions

 - 744.9 Laser ApplicationsLaser Applications

 - 801 ChemistryChemistry

 - 801.4 Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20160701941270
Title:Optimization experiment of straw-bed anaerobic fermentation system for biogas production
Authors:Chen, Guangyin (1); Bi, Jinhua (1); Du, Jing (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1); Ye, Xiaomei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Zhizhou(czhizhou@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:250-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Livestock wastewater and agricultural straw are the two main sources of agricultural nonpoint source pollution, then how to deal with these wastes is becoming more and more important. Anaerobic digestion is an attractive technique for bio-wastes treatment, which can convert bio-wastes into bio-fuel and bio-fertilizer. Straw-bed anaerobic fermentation system is a new anaerobic bioreactor for biogas production, which digests livestock wastewater and agricultural straw in one bioreactor at the same time. The straw-bed anaerobic fermentation system is composed of straw-bed bioreactor and wastewater advanced anaerobic bioreactor(USR), and effluent of straw-bed bioreactor is added as inlet into wastewater advanced anaerobic bioreactor. In straw-bed bioreactor, baling straw is used as stationary phase, and livestock wastewater is used as mobile phase. Our previous study indicated that co-digested baling straw and swine wastewater in straw-bed anaerobic digestion system was feasible and beneficial for biogas production. However, in straw-bed bioreactor, baling straw floated upward and inlet short flow appeared in the late stage. In order to solve these problems, gas guide tube was added in baling straw and reserve buffer space at the bottom of straw-bed bioreactor and the combination of the two methods were set up. There were four treatments in the study, i.e. CK (No improvement measures), adding guide tube (GT), buffer space (BS) and guide tube + buffer space (GT+BS). Meanwhile, effect of improvement measures on biogas production, and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)removal rate of straw-bed fermentation system were conducted. The results showed that daily biogas yield of CK was significantly inhibited during the first 25 days (organic loading rate of swine wastewater was less than 2.13 kg/(m3/d)) which was much lower than that of the other treatments. However, after 25 days' reaction, there was no significant difference of daily biogas yield between control and other treatments. By adding improvement measures, fermentation environment was ameliorated and the stability of daily biogas yield was enhanced obviously. After 50 days' reaction, cumulative biogas yield and cumulative methane yield of GT, BS and GT+BS were 18.90%, 9.05%, 22.48%, 23.02%, 9.34% and 25.21% higher than that of CK, respectively. Wastewater advanced anaerobic bioreactor (WAAB) is an important part of straw-bed fermentation system. The gas production results showed that, there was no significant difference for that of CK and the other treatments with the gas composition of WAAB. All treatments had the average methane content of 68%. Meanwhile, there was almost no significant influence on cumulative biogas yield, average methane content and COD removal rate of the straw-bed anaerobic fermentation system by adding improvement measures. The above results indicated that adding gas guide tube to straw-bed bioreactor was beneficial to improve biogas production, methane content and gas stability, adding buffer space can also be considered as conditions permit. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bioconversion - Biogas - Bioreactors - Chemical oxygen demand - Effluents - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Gases - Methanation  - Methane - Optimization - Proven reserves - Straw - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Anaerobic bioreactors - Anaerobic fermentation - Buffer space - Fermentation systems - Livestock wastewater - Organic loading rates - Swine wastewater
Classification code:452.3 Industrial WastesIndustrial Wastes

 - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and DisposalIndustrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal

 - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations

 - 802.1 Chemical Plants and EquipmentChemical Plants and Equipment

 - 802.2 Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.5 Agricultural WastesAgricultural Wastes

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20160701941250
Title:Ce-based fuel borne catalyst enhancing regenerative effect of diesel particulate filter
Authors:Liu, Shaokang (1); Sun, Ping (1); Liu, Junheng (1); Ji, Qian (1); L&uuml;, Junxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu; Zhenjiang, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:112-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to meet the emission regulations, the diesel particulate filter(DPF)is a promising solution, which can trap more than 90% Particulate Matter(PM) from the exhaust gas. As an effective way of reducing the diesel particulates, DPF has already been developed and manufactured in foreign diesel engine market. Fuel borne catalyst(FBC) additive makes particulates deposite inside the porous wall regenerated by the active metal component in fuel, which can reduce the particulate ignition temperature, and also the peak temperature of the regeneration process. A fundamental study on catalytic regeneration progress of FBC additives within DPF is performed, which has the important theory signification and engineering value. The naphthenic acid cerium is selected as fuel borne catalyst(FBC)additive, and the influences of these test fuels on regeneration characteristic of a fuel borne catalyst with regenerative type of diesel particulate filter (FBC-DPF), have been investigated. The experimental engine is a 186FA diesel engine, and the study DPF is a honeycomb ceramic filter matching electrical heating regeneration system. The DPF collection and regeneration experiment is conducted in the condition that the diesel engine speed is 2800 r/min, the mean indicated pressure is 0.46MPa, and DPF inlet temperature is 510. The experiment includes four parts: regeneration balance temperature of DPF(when trapping efficiency and combustion rate of PM in DPF are identical, and pressure drop of DPF remains stable. At this time the inlet temperature of DPF is called regeneration balance temperature of DPF.), pressure drop characteristics, PM loading characteristics and filtration efficiency of DPF. Then the DPF regeneration strategy was studied and developed, which contained 3 parts: DPF regeneration timing, temperature rising strategy and DPF regeneration process control. The results showed that adoption the method of fuel additives can obviously decrease DPF regeneration temperature. In the low load condition, no additives DPF couldn't achieve regeneration, while under the same condition with additives, DPF regeneration at 450 has already begun. The fuel specific consumption rises with increase of exhaust back pressure. When the exhaust back pressure increases from 0 to 14 kPa, the fuel specific consumption rises by 4.7%. The back pressure of FBC-DPF increases linearly along with accumulation of the PM compared with diesel fuel. On the previous experiment condition, when using the pure diesel, pressure drop of DPF increasing to 14 kPa needs 1170 minutes. While using the FBC-added diesel fuel, pressure drop of DPF increaseing to regenerative limiting value needs 1980 minutes. Using the FBC-added diesel fuel can extend the period of regeneration threshold, and increase the particulate storing capacity and regeneration ability of the DPF. Owing to the pressure drop characteristics of DPF regeneration process, particle in the deep bed filtration layer is firstly oxidized, and the filter cake layer of DPF wall surface also begins to oxidize in the process of DPF regeneration. As filter cake layer has turned thinner and fractured slowly, pressure drop of DPF decreases rapidly. Broken pie carrier particles penetrate into the wall, which is fully contacted with DPF and fully oxidized. Wall-flow diesel particulate filter filtrates particulate matter by diffusion, interception, gravity and interia. The back pressure of regenerated DPF increases linearly with regeneration times, and the trapping efficiency of DPF on PM increases at the same time. On the whole, using the FBC-added diesel fuel can obviously decrease DPF regeneration temperature, which can enhance the effect of DPF regeneration. It can filter PM emitted by diesel engine efficiently combining with electrical heating device, which has a reference for environmental protection and purifying diesel exhaust. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Additives - Air filters - Bandpass filters - Catalyst regeneration - Catalysts - Diesel fuels - Drops - Efficiency - Electric heating - Engines  - Exhaust gases - Filters (for fluids) - Fuel additives - Fuel filters - Fuels - Gases - Gravitation - Metals - Oxidation - Pressure drop  - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Balance temperatures - Diesel particulate filters - Fuel-borne catalysts - Honeycomb ceramic filters - Mean indicated pressures - Particulate Matter - Pressure drop characteristic - Wall flow diesel particulate filters
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution SourcesAir Pollution Sources

 - 451.2 Air Pollution ControlAir Pollution Control

 - 523 Liquid FuelsLiquid Fuels

 - 612.2 Diesel EnginesDiesel Engines

 - 631.1 Fluid Flow, GeneralFluid Flow, General

 - 642.1 Process HeatingProcess Heating

 - 703.2 Electric FiltersElectric Filters

 - 802.2 Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

 - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial ChemicalsChemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 931.5 Gravitation, Relativity and String TheoryGravitation, Relativity and String Theory

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20160701941273
Title:Spatial difference and its influence factors of cultivated land transition of poverty counties in west of Hubei
Authors:Xiang, Jingwei (1); Li, Jiangfeng (1); Zeng, Jie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jiangfeng(jfli0524@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:272-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, many problems around cultivated land such as illegal occupation and non-agriculture use come into being, leading to the contradiction between human beings and cultivated land, which finally promotes the cultivated land use transition. It is of great significance to carry out the research on the transition of cultivated land use in the rural areas for the transition of rural areas and social-economic development. In order to analyze the spatial difference and its influence factors of cultivated land transition of poverty counties in west of Hubei Province, this paper measures the transition of cultivated land use from 2 aspects: spatial form and function form. It analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the spatial autocorrelation model, and discusses the effect of the factors from 3 perspectives: population, economy and industrial structure by the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) model. The results show that: from the perspective of global spatial autocorrelation, the spatial transition of cultivated land in the 16 poverty counties in the west of Hubei Province from 2002 to 2013 has a clear positive correlation effect, which is the strongest from 2002 to 2005, and there is a certain spatial clustering. Also the function of cultivated land transition has a clear positive correlation effect. However, the influence is gradually weakened. From the perspective of local spatial autocorrelation, the low-low regions of cultivated land are mainly distributed in the northwest of Hubei, and high-high and low-high regions are distributed in the southwest of Hubei. The local spatial correlation of function transition of cultivated land is in a lower situation. The spatial heterogeneity is not obvious, and only Laifeng is in high-high areas. In terms of the influence factors of spatial difference of cultivated land use transition, the investment and urbanization rate have a greater impact, while the effects of the population density and the first industry are less. For the utility of functional transition, the influences of population density and per capita fixed-asset investment have the strongest effect, while the effects of urbanization rate, per capita GDP (gross domestic product) and the first industry are comparatively lower. It can be seen that the impacts of different factors vary a lot for different objectives, which reflects that influence factors have different driving forces for space transition and function transition of cultivated land. In the process of the transition and development of cultivated land use, there is a positive correlation between influence factors and their driving forces. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt different strategies according to the driving force of different factors, in order to achieve the optimal solution of cultivated land use transition. Above all, the spatial autocorrelation model can be used in analyzing the spatial autocorrelation effectively for cultivated land use transition in poverty counties in western Hubei. The RBFNN model can measure the influence factors' driving forces in the target of space transition and function transition of cultivated land effectively, which takes into account both original effect of influence factors and internal structure of cultivated land use transition affected by influence factors, carries out more comprehensive analysis, and provides a scientific reference for relevant research. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Autocorrelation - Correlation detectors - Economic and social effects - Economics - Industrial economics - Models - Population distribution - Population dynamics - Population statistics  - Radial basis function networks - Rural areas - Spatial variables measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Distribution characteristics - Gross domestic products - Hubei Province - Influence factors - Radial basis function neural networks - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial differences
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and DevelopmentUrban and Regional Planning and Development

 - 405.3 SurveyingSurveying

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 911.2 Industrial EconomicsIndustrial Economics

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 943.2 Mechanical Variables MeasurementsMechanical Variables Measurements

 - 971 Social SciencesSocial Sciences

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20160701941253
Title:Optimal allocation of multi-water resources in irrigation area based on interval-parameter multi-stage stochastic programming model
Authors:Fu, Qiang (1); Liu, Yinfeng (1); Liu, Dong (1); Li, Tianxiao (1); Liu, Wei (1); Osman, Amgad (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:132-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are many uncertain factors in the multi-source water irrigation system, along with the changes in the system environment and the effects of uncertainty, leading to dynamic characteristics of the water distribution process. Based on the water distribution characteristics of irrigation system, interval-parameter multi-stage stochastic programming model was constructed and improved to consider effect of sensitive index of various stages and water irrigation on crop production, which introduced water sensitivity index weights and made a case study over rice at different growth stages in Heping irrigation area. The study area of this paper had two water sources: the surface water and the ground water, which also could be divided into three different projects by the water intake mode: water diversion project, water lifting project and well irrigation project. At the same time, Liuhe reservoir was taken as a water external source, where all the water system constituted a complex multi-water source supply system. In this study, four stages of rice growth were selected as the research period, i.e. tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and milk stage. The water sensitive index weight coefficients in each growth stage were 0.37, 0.46, 0.11 and 0.06 respectively. Inflow level of different growing stage was random variables and closely related to hydrological factors such as rainfall and runoff, hence the probability density function was introduced to represent uncertainty, and discrete interval was used to show other hydrologic and economic uncertainty. Multi-stage stochastic programming model could allocate water between different phases and different growing stages under a series of inflow level. Because of the uncertainty of inflow water, a four-period(five-stage) scenario tree and improved interval-parameter multi-stage stochastic programming model were used to carry out dynamic distribution of water in multiple stages of growth. Research results showed that in the context of different inflow level, managers could determine the water sensitive index of crop growth in different stages in accordance with the weight coefficient in each growth stage. The greater weight coefficient of the water sensitive index was, the greater the impact of water shortage had on the output, hence it belonged to the key water requirement stage; the smaller weight coefficient of the water sensitive index was, the smaller the impact of water shortage had on the output, hence it belonged to the non-key water requirement stage. When inflow water was excessive, excess water could be allocated to the next stage; when inflow water was insufficient, managers needed to seek a trade-off between reducing irrigation water and increasing transfer water. Tillering stage(t=1) and elongation stage(t=2) belonged to the key water requirement stage, managers wanted to fully satisfy the water needs of crops to ensure production, hence, in these two growth stages, no water deficiency existed, water deficiency value was 0. In different inflow level, when the irrigation water could not meet the demand for water, water supply project would transfer water from external water sources to meet the distribution targets in various growth stage; heading stage(t=3) and milk stage(t=4) belonged to non-key water requirement stage, so water deficiency had little effects on crop yield, and water supply project would make water deficit choice. When inflow level was not determined, it would take a lot of risk to meet the high water demand, and also increase the punishment of water deficiency; as for the low water demand, it took less risks, meanwhile, the punishment and water use benefit was also lower, which means water supply, risk and economic benefits are interwoven with each other. Through the analysis of optimal allocation of water supply project, the relationship between external water and irrigation water supply quantity, this paper realized the dynamic distribution of multi-water source irrigation system. This model can ensure the crop yield when the irrigation water resources are rationally configured in the growing period of the crop, and effectively avoid the waste of water resources, and improve the efficiency of irrigation water, which is of great significance for sustainable use of water resources. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Cultivation - Decision trees - Economic and social effects - Flood control - Groundwater - Irrigation - Managers - Models  - Probability density function - Reservoirs (water) - Stochastic models - Stochastic programming - Stochastic systems - Surface waters - Water - Water supply - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Different growth stages - Dynamic characteristics - Irrigation area - Irrigation water supply - Multi-stage stochastic programming - Optimal allocation - Uncertainty - Water diversion project
Classification code:441.2 ReservoirsReservoirs

 - 442.1 Flood ControlFlood Control

 - 444 Water ResourcesWater Resources

 - 446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 912.4 PersonnelPersonnel

 - 922.1 Probability TheoryProbability Theory

 - 961 Systems ScienceSystems Science

 - 971 Social SciencesSocial Sciences

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20160701941252
Title:Application of super absorbent polymer in water and fertilizer conversation of soil and pollution management
Authors:Huang, Zhanbin (1); Sun, Pengcheng (1); Zhong, Jian (1); Chen, Yufei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:125-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) is one kind of polymer with function of strong water absorbent and conservation. It has been paid attention to application in agricultural production, soil &amp; water conservation and the pollution management in recent years. SAP is synthesized by natural hydrophilic monocase with cosslinking agent and initiator; there are three kinds of reaction type, such as graft copolymerization, carboxymethyl reaction and crosslinking reaction. Based on the raw material and synthetics techniques, the type of SAP can be divided into organic monocase polymer(such as Sodium Polyacrylate), starch polymer(such as starch graft acrylic acid sodium), organic-inorganic compound polymer (such as Bump/sodium polyacrylate) and organic monocase and functional component polymer(such as humic acid polymer). In order to summarize the new achievement of SAP research and analysis the development direction, based on authors' research accumulation and the literature's review, the paper reviews SAP development history, and summarizes the acting principle system of SAP, including five aspects. First is the principle of water absorbing, retaining and releasing of SAP itself. SAP can absorb deionized water 400~600 times or tap water 100 time of itself weight by method of water absorption and the swelling, and more than 85% water can be used by plants. Second is the principle of SAP improving soil and water conservation. SAP can improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the soil porosity and water infiltration, and reduce the evaporation of soil surface. Third is the principle of effect on SAP raising the use ratio of fertilizer, pesticide and other chemical materials. On fertilizer conservation and the use efficiency, SAP has the function on controlling nitrogen release and increasing the phosphorus release in soil. The key rule of SAP is major on reducing the rate of nitrogen release owing to nitrogen ions exchanged with functional groups of SAP and soil, the effect is stronger with increasing of SAP amount in soil. Meanwhile, SAP can increase the release rate of phosphorus fertilizer owing to the activating of soil phosphates. Fourth is the principle of effect on SAP raising water use efficiency by adjusting the plant physiological function to raise water use efficiency. This is related with SAP use way, in normal SAP is used in pot or furrow, this way can supply water directly for part root of plants, and other part root is in drought that can make plant root produce hormone ABA, and which can be moved to leaf to adjust stomata optimally for water use efficiency. Fifth is the principle of SAP effect on soil heavy metal immobilization. Heavy metal pollution in soil is a very serious problem in farmland environmental protection in China, especially Cd and Pb compound pollution. The experimental certificated that SAP and the compound materials can decrease over 50% heavy metal Pb and 80% Cd absorbent by maize in soil, and also immobilized over 69% Pb and 33% Cd absorbent by soybean in soil. On the other hands, the paper also analyzes the research development in agricultural production, vegetation construction, soil &amp; water conservation and the pollution management, especially on water and fertilizer conservation and the high efficiency use, heavy metal pollution management of soil, etc. According to the exiting problems and practice production requirement, the development direction of SAP is to enhance the develop new type of SAP, strengthen the application basic research and the extensive technology transfer in future. Keywords: &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Absorption - Agglomeration - Agriculture - Cadmium - Cadmium compounds - Crosslinking - Deionized water - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Heavy metals  - Hydrogels - Inorganic compounds - Lead - Lead compounds - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic acids - Phosphorus - Pollution - Polymers  - Porosity - Research and development management - Soil conservation - Soils - Starch - Swelling - Technology transfer - Water absorption - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Fertilizer use - Graft co polymerizations - Heavy metal pollution - Organic-inorganic compound - Production requirements - Soil and water conservation - Superabsorbent polymer
Classification code:444 Water ResourcesWater Resources

 - 445.1 Water Treatment TechniquesWater Treatment Techniques

 - 453 Water PollutionWater Pollution

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 531 Metallurgy and MetallographyMetallurgy and Metallography

 - 546.1 Lead and AlloysLead and Alloys

 - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

 - 802.2 Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

 - 802.3 Chemical OperationsChemical Operations

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 815.1 Polymeric MaterialsPolymeric Materials

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 901.3 Engineering ResearchEngineering Research

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and SolidsPhysical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20160701941271
Title:Methane production performance comparison of different agricultural residues
Authors:Han, Yaxin (1, 2); Zhang, Chengming (1, 2); Chen, Xuelan (1, 2); Li, Yanfei (3); Yue, Ruixue (4, 5); Jiang, Li (1, 2); Li, Shizhong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Garden, Beijing, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Centre for Biofuels, Beijing, China; (3) Qingxian Office of New Energy, Cangzhou, China; (4) Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, China; (5) Institute of Sweet potato Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shizhong(szli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:258-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural organic residues are considered as excellent substrates for anaerobic fermentation, producing clean energy and reducing environmental problems. Many researches have proved that agriculture residues can yield substantial biogas. Methane production performance of 7 typical agriculture residues including corn stover (CS), wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), banana stem (BS), chicken manure (ChM), cow manure (CM) and swine manure(SM) were investigated under the same fermentation conditions. The volatile solid(VS) of lignocellulosic materials was 91.47%~93.53%, higher than manure residues (42.98%~57.86%), which meant more biodegradable mass could be fermented to biogas in lignocellulosic materials. The unbalanced nutrient would limit biogas production when the substrates were anaerobically digested directly due to the inappropriate C/N. Adjusting C/N to 25~30 by co-digestion and adding urea would be necessary. Contents of sulphur were low in all 7 substrates, which avoided substrate competition between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and was beneficial for methanogenesis procedure. Theoretical methane potential(TMP) based on the elemental composition, and biochemical methane potential(BMP) based on the fermentation results were evaluated. The TMP values of the different substrates mentioned above were 500.99, 521.36, 523.21, 449.25, 676.09, 771.63 and 805.98 mL/g, respectively. Data showed that the methane production potential from the substrates of manure was higher than that of lignocellulose. Structural carbohydrates and lignin of CS, WS, RS and BS were investigated in this paper. Results showed that CS, WS and RS, belonging to grass family, had little difference in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content. BS, belonging to herbage, contained more cellulose(48.67%) and less lignin(17.40%) than grass family. Biodegradable component in BS was the highest(76.13%), which indicated better methane production potential of BS. EBC(easily biodegradable component) including protein, lipid and NSCD(non-structural carbohydrate) in manure was analyzed. Protein content in ChM was the highest and reached 38.32%. Lipid content in SM was higher than ChM and CM, and the lipid contents for the 3 materials were 11.18%, 1.51% and 4.14%, separately. EBC content in ChM, SM and CM was 59.73%, 47.08% and 39.49%, respectively. The high content of EBC in ChM was evidence of better methane production potential, and adding protease or microorganism that could produce protease would improve methane production from ChM. Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials was investigated, with the substrate particle size under 40 mesh and the inoculum-substrate ratio of 21. A total of 2~3 peaks appeared in all experiments. For the 1st peak observed, no significant difference existed among the 4 materials. The 2nd and 3rd peaks from BS were higher than other materials. Cumulative methane production of BS was 186.10 mL/g, 1.37 times of the average methane production of other 3 materials. Manure substrates were also anaerobically digested, and 2 peaks were observed during procedure. Daily and cumulative methane production from ChM were higher than SM and CM. Final methane produced from ChM was 224.85 mL/g, which was 1.85 and 2.81 times of SM and CM. Biodegradability(BDA) and digestion time were calculated for 7 substrates, and the results showed that the BDA of BS and ChM was significantly higher than other substrates, which reached 41.42% and 33.28%, separately. Generally, the BDA of lignocellulosic materials was higher than manure. The digestion time of ChM was the shortest(7 d), and that of CS and WS was the longest (15 d). Based on methane production and digestion time, monthly production of methane was calculated, and the results showed that ChM was the best anaerobic fermentation substrate(867.28 mL/g). The BMP data were used by the Gompertz model to determine the optimum parameters to fit 7 substrates, and the maximum methane production was close to the BMP. The reaction rate constant values of ChM and BS were 44.36 and 36.78 mL/(g&middot;d), separately, which were obviously high than other substrates (10.18~18.34 mL/(g&middot;d)). Data in this paper show that BMP can be a better standard compared to TMP, and BS and ChM are more suitable for anaerobic digestion. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Anaerobic digestion - Biodegradability - Biogas - Carbohydrates - Cellulose - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Lignin  - Manures - Methane - Particle size - Proteins - Rate constants - Straw - Thermomechanical pulping process - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture residues - Biochemical methane potential - Biological methane potential - Digestion time - Fermentation conditions - Lignocellulosic material - Non-structural carbohydrates - Sulfate reducing bacteria
Classification code:801.2 BiochemistryBiochemistry

 - 802.2 Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 811.1 Pulp and PaperPulp and Paper

 - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and DerivativesCellulose, Lignin and Derivatives

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.5 Agricultural WastesAgricultural Wastes

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20160701941269
Title:Development of chain-steam boiler for biomass briquette
Authors:Zhai, Wanli (1); Liu, Shengyong (1); Guan, Zeyun (1); Wang, Pengxiao (1); Liu, Hongfu (1); Xia, Xuning (1); Tang, Yating (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Shengyong(liushy@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:243-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A special chain-steam boiler applied to biomass briquette was devised through optimum design and performance test to overcome the shortcoming of traditional biomass boiler which had low degree of mechanization and high pollution. The design foundation included the component analysis of biomass briquette, the combustion characteristic of biomass briquette and the main technical parameters of the special chain-steam boiler. The boiler had single longitudinal layout drum and water-fire tube shell, and its combustion equipment was chain grate. Water-cooled wall was installed on both the left and right sides of the furnace, and convection banks fixed on the flanks, while screw smoke tube convection heating surface applied in the drum. During the boiler working, biomass briquettes with certain particle size were fed into chain grate by feed hopper, and then burning in the furnace. The high-temperature flue gas was generated by combustion flowed along the bottom of the drum, then entered the convection banks on the flanks through the export of boiler smokestack, and then entered the convection heating surface of screw smoke tube through the frontal smoke chamber. Passing through economizer and deduster, the exhausted gas was discharged into atmosphere through chimney pumped by induced-draft fan finally. Innovation of the boiler was the new structure of the furnace which has front, middle and rear arch on the upper part of the chain grate to form more efficient air dynamic field. The stability of combustion was improved on account of the arrangement of the arch crown and combustion chambers, and the combustion efficiency was improved also for the high fitting degree of chain grate and furnace in this design. In addition, the screw smoke tube in the drum, which may strengthen the effect of convection heat transfer, could also raise the thermal efficiency of this boiler. For the purpose of achieving to the national standard, new type water film dust collector was chosen to decrease the discharge quantity of atmospheric pollution in the exhaust smoke. Experiments were carried out in the pilot plant of Henan Agricultural University on March 2015. Three different types of biomass briquette were combusted to test the thermal performance and environmental index of the chain-steam boiler. These experiments continued 7 days, and the boiler operated normally 6 h each day. The test results showed that the combustion efficiency of this boiler reached 96.7%, and the thermal efficiency was 83.2%. The output of steam was 984 kg/h, while the temperature of steam reached 173, and the pressure of steam 0.7 MPa. Furthermore, the content of CO in the exhaust smoke was 360&times;10^-6, and 116&times;10^-6for that of NO<inf>x</inf>. For SO<inf>2</inf>, the content was 44&times;10^-6, while 26.4 mg/m³for smoke dust. The test data indicated that combustion and thermal efficiency of the new boiler were higher than traditional boilers. Moreover, powerful smoke removing function could be achieved by this new boiler, and contents of smoke dust, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in the exhaust smoke are low enough to meet the national standard. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Boilers
Controlled terms:Air pollution - Arches - Biomass - Briquets - Chains - Chimneys - Combustion chambers - Combustion equipment - Dust - Efficiency  - Engines - Furnaces - Heat convection - Heat transfer - Machinery - Nitrogen oxides - Particle size - Pilot plants - Pollution - Pressure vessels  - Screws - Smoke - Steam - Sulfur dioxide - Vapors - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric pollution - Biomass briquettes - Combustion characteristics - Combustion efficiencies - High temperature flue gas - Main technical parameters - Steam boiler - Thermal Performance
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural BuildingsIndustrial and Agricultural Buildings

 - 408.2 Structural Members and ShapesStructural Members and Shapes

 - 451 Air PollutionAir Pollution

 - 451.1 Air Pollution SourcesAir Pollution Sources

 - 453 Water PollutionWater Pollution

 - 521.2 CombustorsCombustors

 - 524 Solid FuelsSolid Fuels

 - 602.1 Mechanical DrivesMechanical Drives

 - 605 Small Tools and HardwareSmall Tools and Hardware

 - 614 Steam Power PlantsSteam Power Plants

 - 619.2 TanksTanks

 - 641.2 Heat TransferHeat Transfer

 - 654.2 Rocket EnginesRocket Engines

 - 804.2 Inorganic CompoundsInorganic Compounds

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20160701941244
Title:Bench experiment and analysis on ramie stalk cutting
Authors:Shen, Cheng (1); Li, Xianwang (1); Zhang, Bin (1); Tian, Kunpeng (1); Huang, Jicheng (1); Chen, Qiaomin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Qiaomin(nnncqm@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:68-76
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to provide optimal theoretical cutting parameters of ramie stalk for ramie harvester, the cutting test of ramie stalk was conducted on the self-designed test bench in this paper. The test studied the influences of different geometrical parameters of blade, cutting speed, and ramie stalk feeding speed of reciprocating single movable blade cutter and double movable blades cutter on the cutting performance. The 4 groups of common blades had 2 blade lengths (81 mm, rice &amp; wheat harvester blade; 120 mm, corn harvester blade) and 2 blade edge types(smooth-edge blade and serrated-edge blade), and the blade widths of various groups were the same(76 mm, equal to the driving distance of cutter bar on the test bench). Therefore, 5 factors were designed in the test: cutting speed, stalk feeding speed, blade edge type, blade length, and number of movable blades. Evaluation indices determined in the test were cutting power and number of failed stubbles (not cut off or broken); the smaller the 2 indices were, the better the performance would be. Besides, a multi-index evaluation model was established in the test and the values of multiple indices were reflected by the comprehensive score. The higher the score was, the better the performance would be. Among the 5 factors, blade edge type, blade length, and number of movable blades were obtained through model selection, and they were fixed at 2 levels. Cutting speed and stalk feeding speed were continuous values and the optimal values could be selected within a scope. Therefore, the optimal parameters of the 3 factors at 2 levels were determined by adopting the method of multi-factor orthogonal tests, and then the optimal parameter combination was obtained through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation tests taking the other 2 factors i.e. setting cutting speed and stalk feeding speed as experimental factors. In the multi-factor orthogonal tests, the factors with significant influences on cutting power were cutting speed(P&lt;0.01), number of movable blades(P&lt;0.01) and blade length (P&lt;0.1) according to the significant degree. The combination of the optimal level was double movable blades cutter and short blade(81 mm) under slow cutting speed(1 m/s). In addition, stalk feeding speed and blade edge type had no significant influence on cutting power. Meanwhile, the factors with significant influences(P&lt;0.01) on the number of failed stubbles were blade edge type, blade length, cutting speed, and stalk feeding speed according to the significant degree. The combination of the optimal level was serrated-edge blade and long blade(120 mm) under fast cutting speed(1.2 m/s) and slow stalk feeding speed(0.7 m/s). In addition, the number of movable blades had no significant influence on the number of failed stubbles. Besides, the factors with significant influences on comprehensive score were blade edge type(P&lt;0.01), blade length, number of movable blades, cutting speed and stalk feeding speed(P&lt;0.05 for the latter 4 factors) according to the significant degree. The combination of the optimal level was serrated-edge blade, long blade(120 mm) and reciprocating double movable blades cutter under slow cutting speed(1.0 m/s) and slow stalk feeding speed(0.8 m/s). Furthermore, according to the combination of optimal score in the orthogonal tests, this paper conducted the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation tests for the 2 continuously adjustable factors i.e. cutting speed and stalk feeding speed, investigated their influences on cutting power, cutting quality and comprehensive score as well as their interaction effect, and established the quadratic regression functions respectively. In terms of the cutting power, when the cutting speed was 0.878 9 m/s and the stalk feeding speed was 0.862 4 m/s, the 1 m-swath cutting power was 281.408 4 W, which was the minimum value. As for the cutting quality, when the cutting speed was 1.161 4 m/s and the stalk feeding speed was 0.711 7 m/s, the number of failed stubbles in 1 m²area was 5.691 1, which was the minimum value. For the comprehensive score, when the cutting speed was 1.092 0 m/s and the stalk feeding speed was 0.722 9 m/s, the score was 86.718 0, which was the highest value. Finally, according to the test results, the optimal parameter combination of ramie cutting test in theory was: cutting speed 1.092 0 m/s, stalk feeding speed 0.722 9 m/s, reciprocating double movable blades, serrated-edge blade, and blade length 120 mm, and under the condition, the 1 m-swath cutting power was 318.814 5 W, the number of failed stubbles in 1 m²area was 6.006 4. In conclusion, the optimal parameter combination of ramie cutting adopted in the experiment is reasonable, and the experimental analysis results can be applied into subsequent related researches. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Speed
Controlled terms:Cutting - Cutting tools - Experiments - Failure analysis - Feeding - Geometry - Harvesters - Hemp - Machinery - Mechanization  - Optimization - Orthogonal functions - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis - Experimental analysis - Experimental factors - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal rotations - Ramie - Stalk - Test benches
Classification code:601 Mechanical DesignMechanical Design

 - 603.2 Machine Tool AccessoriesMachine Tool Accessories

 - 691.2 Materials Handling MethodsMaterials Handling Methods

 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and EquipmentAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 901.3 Engineering ResearchEngineering Research

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20160701941262
Title:Optimization analysis and establishment of spectra detection model of fatty acid contents for mould paddies
Authors:Wen, Tao (1, 2); Hong, Tiansheng (2, 3); Li, Lijun (1); Guo, Xin (4); Zhao, Bing (1); Zhang, Qianqian (1); Liu, Fu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Engineering College of South China agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; (3) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou, China; (4) School of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
Corresponding author:Hong, Tiansheng(tshong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:193-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fatty acids were stable metabolites and easily accumulated in paddies mould process which could better express mould extend of paddies. To achieve the non-destructive and rapid detection in fatty acid contents (FAC) for mould paddies, the detection of FAC for mould paddies was studied using the Visible/Near-infrared reflectance(Vis/NIR) spectral technology. The variety C liang-you 34156 late rice was used as paddy samples, which was obtained from Hunan Agricultural University. The mould paddy cultivating test and FAC determination experiments were carried out from October 15, 2014 to January 31, 2015 in Central South University of Forestry and Technology. Normal and complete paddies were selected and loaded into 200 sample boxes by numbers. Each sample box was loaded with 100g weights. Among them, 50 sample boxes were put into the No. A constant temperature humidity chamber to store according to requirements of cereal storage (temperatures:10, humidities:15%) and the remaining 150 sample boxes were placed in the No. B constant temperature humidity chamber to cultivate according to mould paddies breeding conditions (temperatures: 30, humidities: 90%). In view of the FAC variations affected by degree of mould paddies, the cultivated process of mould paddies was divided into three periods for better representative and generalization of samples. It was 10 days in each period, and 50 pieces of mould paddy samples in different degrees were measured during the preparation process. The Vis/NIR-infrared spectral detection testing for mould paddy samples were performed in corresponding periods in South China Agricultural University. A Vis/NIR-infrared spectral device for agro-products was used for scanning of reflectance spectra for paddies. Taking into consideration that the disadvantage of time consumption and low precision in building the model, the Vis/NIR calibration model of the fatty acid in mould paddies was proposed using sample set partition based on joint X-Y distances(SPXY)algorithm in sample set. The difference of predicting FAC in mould paddies from different calibration set was preliminarily analyzed using the combination of the SPXY algorithm and the partial least-squares regression (PLSR) algorithm. The successive projection algorithm(SPA) was applied to obtain the characteristic wavelength which indentified the variation of FAC in mould paddies. The predicted models of the FAC in mould paddies based on reflection values of characteristic wavelengths were built using the PLSR and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods, and then the prediction performance were compared between the model built by the selected calibration sample set and the model built by initial calibration sample set. The results indicated that FAC of paddies which were determined from different stages had a varying gradient distribution. The related FAC from the normal stage, early stage of mould, middle stage of mould and last stage of mould ranged from 18.55 to 24.40 mg, from 27.03 to 80.90 mg, from 84.44 to 127.26 mg, and from 101.09 to 124.88 mg, respectively. The range of FAC in 65 calibration sample sets by the SPXY was consistent with in 155 initial calibration sample sets. The standard deviation of FAC in 65 calibration sample sets was 32.39, which was close to the initial calibration sample sets. Nine characteristic wavelengths were selected from 256 full wavelengths by the SPA, which fulfilled the spectral data compression. The prediction set correlation coefficient (R<inf>p</inf>) of the SPXY-SPA-PLSR model and the SPXY-SPA-MLR model were 0.922 1 and 0.915 9 and their prediction mean square root errors were 13.889 3 and 14.261 0, respectively. The model prediction precision built by the SPXY calibration set was close to its by the initial calibration, while the number of the SPXY calibration set was dropped to 41% and its computing time was reduced to 32% compared with the initial calibration, which may contribute to speed up the model establishment. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Molds
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algorithms - Data compression - Digital storage - Fatty acids - Food storage - Forecasting - Least squares approximations - Linear regression - Models  - Optimization - Reflection - Sampling - Spectrometry - X-Y model
Uncontrolled terms:Gradient distributions - Mean square root error - Multiple linear regression method - Optimization analysis - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Prediction performance - Sample sets - Successive projection algorithms
Classification code:694.4 StorageStorage

 - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and TechniquesData Storage, Equipment and Techniques

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

 - 921.6 Numerical MethodsNumerical Methods

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

 - 941.4 Optical Variables MeasurementsOptical Variables Measurements

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20160701941264
Title:Dehumidification efficiency model for solar thermal regeneration system
Authors:Peng, Donggen (1); Zhang, Xiaosong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; (2) School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:206-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Solar liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has attracted many attentions because of low-energy consumption, and solar liquid regenerator is one of important units in that system. A novel solar liquid regenerator designed by the author is the solar air-pretreatment solution grading collector/regenerator. The proposed liquid regeneration system needs a packed bed dehumidifier, and the prediction of outlet parameters of air in that dehumidifier must be considered for the design of the novel solar liquid regeneration system. A structured packing dehumidifier was designed and the systemic experiments were made at Southeast University in Nanjing, China in 2009. The structured packing dehumidifier has the size of 0.5 m (width) &times; 0.5 m(height)&times;0.3 m (length) with cross-flow mode. In order to increase flow rate of desiccant solution, instead of injecting directly strong solution into the interior of packed bed, a circulation solution pump was used for supplying solution for the dehumidifier. At the same time, a water-cooled heat exchanger was used to cool circulating solution in advance to control inlet temperature of solution. The experiments were performed under varying conditions including varying flow rates of air and solution and their inlet parameters. However, because of single structure of the experimental unit and limited variation range of experimental parameters, a method of numerical stimulation was used in this paper to study the effects of the inlet parameters of solution and air and the structure parameters of packing on the humidity effectiveness and the isenthalpic effectiveness. The previously experimental data were used to validate numerical model. For this purpose, several assumptions in physics were made, which were followed by the models of cross-flow dehumidification. The numerical simulation showed that as the concentration of LiCl solution increased from 0.29 to 0.34 kg/kg, the humidity effectiveness was increased by 2.6%~4.7% and the isenthalpic effectiveness was reduced by 20%~30%. As the inlet temperature of solution rose from 15 to 25, the humidity effectiveness went up, especially when the liquid-gas ratio was less than 1.0. As for isenthalpic effectiveness, the solution inlet temperature had large impact on it and when the inlet temperature of solution was less than that of air, the isenthalpic effectiveness was negative. As the air humidity ratio at the inlet dropped from 12.3 to 9.6 g/kg, the humidity effectiveness was increased by 2%~10% and the isenthalpic effectiveness was increased by about 0.3. The higher inlet temperature of airflow yields the lower humidity effectiveness, and when the liquid-gas ratio is low, the effect of air's inlet temperature on humidity effectiveness is high. The effect of air's inlet temperature on isenthalpic effectiveness is similar to solution's inlet temperature, which shows when the inlet temperature of air is higher than that of solution, the isenthalpic effectiveness is negative and otherwise it is positive. As the product of area per unit volume and length of air flow channel increased from 110 to 180, the humidity effectiveness was increased by about 0.1, however, the isenthalpic effectiveness was basically unchanged. Therefore, the humidity effectiveness increases with the increasing of the inlet temperature, the concentration of solution, the area per unit volume as well as the length of air flow channel, and decreases with the increase in humidity ratio and air temperature at the inlet. The isenthalpic effectiveness is affected dramatically by inlet temperatures of air and solution. Structure parameters of packing have little effect on the isenthalpic effectiveness. Moreover, with the increasing of the liquid-gas ratio, the humidity effectiveness increases and the isenthalpic effectiveness decreases. Finally, 2 equations about humidity effectiveness and isenthalpic effectiveness were obtained by applying a nonlinear regression to rearrange numerical simulation results, which provide the theoretical basis for the modeling of solar air-pretreatment solution grading collector/regenerator. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Liquids
Controlled terms:Air - Air conditioning - Channel flow - Driers (materials) - Energy utilization - Grading - Humidity control - Liquefied gases - Models - Nonlinear equations  - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Packed beds - Regenerators
Uncontrolled terms:Concentration of solutions - Experimental parameters - Isenthalpic effectiveness - Liquid desiccant - Liquid desiccant air-conditioning - Low energy consumption - Numerical stimulations - Solar
Classification code:525.3 Energy UtilizationEnergy Utilization

 - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and ComponentsHeat Exchange Equipment and Components

 - 631.1 Fluid Flow, GeneralFluid Flow, General

 - 643.3 Air ConditioningAir Conditioning

 - 802.1 Chemical Plants and EquipmentChemical Plants and Equipment

 - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial ChemicalsChemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 921.6 Numerical MethodsNumerical Methods

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20160701941272
Title:Comparison of net ecosystem productivity of farmland and water use efficiency among different industrial biogas crops
Authors:Duan, Qingsong (1, 2); He, Binghui (1); Qin, Xiangdong (3); Zi, Shuhui (4); Zhang, Tao (3); Yang, Xiuping (4); Liu, Yunhua (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agriculture University, Engineering and Research Center for Industrial Biogas Technology of Yunnan Province University, Kunming, China; (3) College of Basic Science and Information Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Engineering and Research Center for Industrial Biogas Technology of Yunnan Province University, Kunming, China; (4) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
Corresponding author:He, Binghui(hebinghui@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:265-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a kind of main material for biogas plants, industrial biogas crop plays an important role in energy and ecology area, in which ecological factors should be considered during the screening and planting of industrial biogas crop. Among those ecological factors, net ecosystem production(NEP) and water use efficiency(WUE) are the most important ones. NEP can indicate the status of carbon sinks or sources, and WUE can reflect the coupling of carbon and water cycles at ecosystem level. Screening those crops with high NEP and WUE will be beneficial to the decreasing of greenhouse gas emissions and the increasing of water using effect, which also can promote the development of biogas industry. To provide theoretical basis for the screening and scale planting of industrial biogas crop, the NEP and WUE of 4 crops in central Yunnan, including 2 types of maize (Zea mays L.) Quchen 9 and Yunrui 88, hybrid pennisetum (Penniseturm americanum &times; P. purpureum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), were analyzed under normal planting conditions. The measurements were taken on the pilot farm(25&deg;18&prime;N and 102&deg;45&prime;E, with an elevation of 1978 m) of Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China. The climate was classified as subtropical plateau monsoon climate, with a mean annual temperature of 15.3 and a mean annual precipitation of 979.3 mm. The soil was upland red soil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates, and there were a total of 15 experimental plots with an area of 30 m²for each plot. All plots were surrounded and separated by concrete ridges. The ridges were 100 cm underground and 20 cm aboveground. The 2 breeds of maize were transplanted on May 20th and harvested on September 29th, 2013. Hybrid pennisetum and alfalfa were planted on March 20th, 2012 by cuttage propagation and seed reproduction separately, and both were reaped 3 times on May 20th, July 12th and September 29th, 2013, respectively. The NEP and WUE were investigated during the growing period of maize, from May 20th to September 29th, 2013. For hybrid pennisetum and alfalfa, the total amount of the last 2 harvests was the aboveground biomass. Soil core method (Luoyang shovel) was used to obtain the root samples of hybrid pennisetum and alfalfa in 0-90 cm soil layer. The underground biomass of 2 crops was determined on May 20th and September 29th, 2013 respectively, and the difference for the 2 times was the increasing amount of the underground biomass. The roots were obtained when the corn was harvested, and the underground biomass was determined by drying the roots. Soil water content was observed with a PR2 soil moisture meter. Soil respiration was measured by the soda lime absorption method and corrected by the static closed chamber. The water evaporation was detected by the no-weighting-lysimeter. The meteorological indices, including temperature and rainfall, were recorded with a weather station. The NEP was calculated by subtracting the quantity of soil respiration from net primary productivity. The evapotranspiration, the population water use efficiency(WUE<inf>p</inf>), and the ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE<inf>e</inf>) were estimated by water balance equation. The results showed that: 1) The NEP decreased in this order: hybrid pennisetum (17 533.1 kg/hm²) &gt; maize Quchen 9(9 172.9 kg/hm²) &gt; maize Yunrui 88(8 462.7 kg/hm²)&gt;alfalfa(273.6 kg/hm²)&gt;bare land(-2 377.0 kg/hm²). The data showed that the 4 industrial biogas crops acted as a CO<inf>2</inf>sink. No significant difference in NEP could be observed between the 2 breeds of maize, while significant difference at the 0.01 level was showed between any 2 crops of maize, hybrid pennisetum and alfalfa. 2) The WUEp of the crops decreased as follows: hybrid pennisetum (10.89 kg/m³)&gt;maize Quchen 9 (7.23 kg/m³)&gt;maize Yunrui 88 (6.79 kg/m³)&gt;alfalfa(3.46 kg/m³). And the WUE<inf>e</inf>decreased in the same order: hybrid pennisetum(4.19 kg/m³)&gt;maize Quchen 9(2.38 kg/m³)&gt;maize Yunrui 88(2.20 kg/m³)&gt;alfalfa(0.06 kg/m³). No significant difference could be observed in WUE<inf>p</inf>and WUE<inf>e</inf>between the 2 breeds of maize, while significant difference at the 0.01 level was showed between any 2 crops of maize, hybrid pennisetum and alfalfa. Comprehensively considering biomass, NEP, WUE<inf>p</inf>and WUE<inf>e</inf>, the bybrid pennisetum demonstrates obvious advantage over other 3 crops under normal planting conditions and is more preferential to be popularized and cultivated. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Biogas - Biomass - Carbon dioxide - Climate change - Crops - Cultivation - Design of experiments - Ecology - Evapotranspiration - Forestry  - Gas emissions - Grain (agricultural product) - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouse gases - Harvesting - Industrial plants - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Soils - Water content  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Mean annual precipitation - Mean annual temperatures - Net ecosystem production - Net ecosystem productivities - Net primary productivity - Subtropical plateau monsoon climates - Water balance equation - Water use efficiency
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric PropertiesAtmospheric Properties

 - 446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 451.1 Air Pollution SourcesAir Pollution Sources

 - 454.3 Ecology and EcosystemsEcology and Ecosystems

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 522 Gas FuelsGas Fuels

 - 804.2 Inorganic CompoundsInorganic Compounds

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 901.3 Engineering ResearchEngineering Research

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20160701941267
Title:Changes in global main crop yields and its meteorological risk assessment
Authors:Qian, Yonglan (1); Mao, Liuxi (1); Zhou, Guangsheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Meteorological Center, Beijing, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:226-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop yield changes regularly along with technological progress and climate change. Technological progress usually leads to the increase of crop yield, while climate fluctuations especially meteorological disasters often result in crop loss. In this paper, the long time-sequence crop yield was decomposed into the trend yield and the meteorological yield, which were respectively considered as the results of agricultural technology development and climate fluctuation. The trend yield could indicate the speed of technological progress and the potentiality of the crop output in a specific time interval. Meanwhile the meteorological yield could manifest the yield fluctuation that was resulted from the meteorological disasters, which could then be used to assess the potential risk of crop loss in a specific region. The results of yield decomposition of wheat, corn, soybean and paddy rice in main production countries of the world suggested that the yields increased rapidly in last 50 years for soybean and corn in the United States of America, Brazil and Argentina, for wheat in France, Germany and China, and for rice in China and Vietnam. Wheat yields of some European countries such as France and Germany, and rice yields of some Asian countries such as China and Thailand, had reached a peak and then decreased in recent years. As for as the meteorological risk assessment, besides crop yield reduction rate and its annual variation coefficient that were commonly used in studies, a new indicator of risk probability coefficient was built which was calculated based on the risk probability distribution function of crop loss using a weighted method. The risk probability distribution function was firstly obtained by a statistical method based on the relative meteorological yield series of a country. Standard normal transformation was then carried out, and the risk probability distribution could be divided into different intervals. The probability of each interval was assigned with different weight that increased progressively from low reduction rate to high reduction rate. The obtained integrated risk index(P<inf>w</inf>) could indicate the risk degree of different crops in different regions. Three risk degrees i.e. low, moderate and high risk degree were divided, which were P<inf>w</inf>&le;2.0, 2.0&lt;P<inf>w</inf>&le;4.0 and P<inf>w</inf>&gt;4.0, respectively. The results suggested that the meteorological risks of wheat in Canada and Australia, corn in America, and soybean in Brazil and Argentina were high and the P<inf>w</inf>was more than 4.0. The risks of wheat in Russia and China, corn in Brazil and Argentina, soybean in America and China, and rice in India were moderate. The Pw values of wheat in America, Germany, France and India, corn in China, and rice in China, Vietnam and Thailand were less than 2.0, which meant their meteorological risks were low. The method in this paper can be helpful to evaluate the change trend of crop yield and assess the meteorological risk of agricultural production at global scale. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Risk assessment
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Climate change - Crops - Disasters - Distribution functions - Grain (agricultural product) - Probability - Probability distributions - Risks
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural technologies - Global - Meteorological disasters - Technological progress - United States of America - Yield - Yield change
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric PropertiesAtmospheric Properties

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 914.1 Accidents and Accident PreventionAccidents and Accident Prevention

 - 922.1 Probability TheoryProbability Theory

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20160701941274
Title:Quality and safety traceability system based on agricultural product supply chain
Authors:Dong, Yude (1); Ding, Baoyong (1); Zhang, Guowei (1); Jin, Guoliang (2); Zhao, Xicheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Design and Manufacture, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China; (2) Jiangyin Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality and Security, Jiangyin, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:280-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural product safety problems occur frequently and this makes people nervous. So it is important to strengthen the management on quality and safety of agricultural products. From the perspective of supply chain of agricultural products, the paper presented a quality and safety traceability system. Firstly, the characteristics of agricultural product supply chain and system requirements were analyzed. The system adopted the architecture of multi-layer distributed system. The whole system could be divided into 6 layers including user layer, interface layer, application layer, support service layer, data layer and equipment layer. Secondly, according to the actual needs of the system, the paper illustrated business process of agricultural product supply chain. Based on the idea of the top level design in system engineering, the modular design method was adopted to divide the system main functional modules. The system could be divided into 5 subsystems which included register, production, enterprise management, government supervision and traceability subsystem. Database was the basic part of the system. On the basis of the principle of consistency, integrity, security and scalability, each table in the database was standardized in design. The QR(quick response) code was the most important part in the whole system. In order to expound the process that QR code was generated, a lot of work needed to be done. Under the guidance of HACCP(hazard analysis and critical control point) management system, and after analysis on possible dangers of the agricultural product supply chain, the paper described key factors affecting the quality and safety of agricultural products, and then encoding objects were identified. These encoding objects referred to the origin of agricultural products, product registration number, production batch and harvest batch. Based on certain rules about agricultural product encoding, each encoding object corresponded to a series of numbers. After the digital information was transformed into graphic information, the QR code came out. Each user could scan QR code through a mobile phone or computer to obtain detailed information on agricultural products. System implementation used the popular B/S architecture, took the HighCharts and jQuery as front frames; and with the help of the AJAX(asynchronous JavaScript and XML) asynchronous interaction and JSON(JavaScript object notation) data transmission technologies, this system could be successfully realized. Finally, the article showed the interfaces of some functional modules to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system. The system realizes the agricultural products whole supply chain of the entire process of tracking and tracing which was from the planting, harvesting and processing to the sales. The government management department could realize the on-line office work and improve the supervision efficiency through this system. Agricultural product production and management enterprises could standardize the production operation process, and improve the production management efficiency. Consumers could obtain product information through computers, mobile phones and so forth. If there was a problem of agricultural product quality and safety, consumers could protect their legitimate rights through legal channels. Development of agricultural products quality and safety traceability system was a cooperative project which was designed by Hefei University of Technology and Jiangyin Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality and Security. After expert evaluation, the system has passed the project acceptance. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Computer architecture
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Cellular telephones - Codes (symbols) - Computer systems - Data communication systems - Efficiency - Encoding (symbols) - High level languages - Industrial management  - Java programming language - Mobile phones - Mobile security - Quality control - Safety engineering - Safety testing - Supply chains - Telephone sets
Uncontrolled terms:Asynchronous interaction - Asynchronous javascript and xmls - Data transmission technologies - Government management - Gricultural products - Hazard analysis and critical control points - System implementation - Traceability systems
Classification code:718.1 Telephone Systems and EquipmentTelephone Systems and Equipment

 - 723.1.1 Computer Programming LanguagesComputer Programming Languages

 - 723.2 Data Processing and Image ProcessingData Processing and Image Processing

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 912 Industrial Engineering and ManagementIndustrial Engineering and Management

 - 912.2 ManagementManagement

 - 913 Production Planning and Control; ManufacturingProduction Planning and Control; Manufacturing

 - 914 Safety EngineeringSafety Engineering

 - 914.1 Accidents and Accident PreventionAccidents and Accident Prevention

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20160701941258
Title:Experiment on screening seedbed soils for mechanical transplanted double-cropping rice
Authors:Zhang, Jiegang (1, 2); Zhang, Meiliang (1); Wang, Fan (2); Pan, Xiaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Province, Nangchang, China; (2) Science and Technology Management Department of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Meiliang(zzmmll62@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:167-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A crucial factor for rice seedling cultivation which is applicable for mechanical transplanting, and obtaining high yield is to raise strong seedlings with right seedling age, while a qualified seedbed soil is the most basic and important requirement. A scientific trial was set up in Jiangxi agricultural university in 2010 to find out the proper seedbed soil source for mechanical-transplanting of double-cropping rice seedling raising, Tested soil included dry silt for rice, dry silt from vegetables field and dry silt from dryland, which were aired, smashed and screened carefully. 2 rice varieties were used in this trial, one is Jinyou 299(hybride early for double-cropping rice), and the other one is Tianyou122 (hybrid late). Seeds were planted in carpet like plate, 100 grains each, and 3 applicants per treatment. Seedlings transplanted with TOYOPF455S walking transplanter, planted 8 row*30 m in each plot. We evaluated afterwards the source effect of different soil on seedling quality, mechanical-transplanting quality and rice yield. According to seedling quality performance and yield result, it turned out that seedlings raised in seedbed soil from vegetables field performed the best for mechanical-transplanting of double cropping rice, followed by that of from rice soil. There were significant differences in seedling quality among different soil source treatments, which showed that dry silt for vegetables field &gt;dry silt for rice&gt;dry silt from dryland (of which "&gt;"means better than).The double-cropping rice seedlings grew in dry silt for vegetables field got strong root system, and its total root quantity was on average 13.95% and 4.16% more than that in other treatments. Stem diameter and dry matter for seedlings grew in vegetable soil also performed the best among treatments, whose stem diameter was on average 17.01% and 12.98% larger than that in other treatments, and dry matter weight of 100 plants was 17.0% and 6.99% more on average. Strong seedlings and high seedling survival rate was obtained in dry silt for vegetable field, which was on average 3.53% and 4.23% higher than that of in other two treatments. Also seedlings in vegetable soil, the total N and TSS content were relatively high, which made the seedlings have a good capability and anti-stress ability; total N content was 4.80% and 2.06% higher, while the TSS was 12.05% and 6.66% more than that of grew in rice soil and dryland soil. There were significant differences in mechanical transplanting quality among different seedbed soil source. Treatment with dry silt for vegetables got a high seedling survival rate while a low miss planting rate which leaded to enough transplanted basic seedlings. The miss planting rate was 3.50% and 2.50% lower than that of treated with rice soil and dryland soil. Seedlings had short turning green time after field mechanical transplanting, with enough basic seedlings and well population quality, so the basic seedling quantity was 10.98% and17.41% more than that of other treatments. There were difference in double-season yield and effective spikes among treatments with different seedbed soil sources. The effective spikes in dry silt from vegetables field was 8.02% and 12.18% higher and its actual yield was 5.4%, 7.10% more than that of in other treatments. There were no significant differences among treatments in grain/head, filled grain rate and 1000 grain weight. Different seedbed soil can affect yield of mechanical transplanted rice of double-cropping, because it has significant effects on numbers of effective spikes. In summary, soil from vegetables field is an ideal seedbed soil source for mechanical transplanting of double-cropping rice seedling cultivation in Jiangxi province, and it may also works in other area. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Grain (agricultural product) - Growth (materials) - Seed - Silt - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Double cropping - Mechanical transplanting - Seedling quality - Soil sources - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20160701941263
Title:Heat insulation and storage performances of polystyrene-brick composite wall in Chinese solar greenhouse
Authors:Li, Ming (1, 2); Zhou, Changji (1, 2); Ding, Xiaoming (1, 2); Wei, Xiaoming (1, 2); Huang, Shangyong (3); He, Yanping (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; (3) Jintianma Plastic Package Material Co., Langfang, China; (4) China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:200-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, a polystyrene-brick composite wall, which is composited with the polystyrene-brick filled with concrete, soil and concrete board, was developed to be the north wall of the Chinese solar greenhouse (hereafter referred to as "solar greenhouse"). The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat insulation and storage performances of the polystyrene-brick composite wall and to analyze the feasibility of substituting for the clay-brick sandwich wall. The tested solar greenhouse was located in Yongqing county, Langfang city, Hebei province(116&deg;35&prime; E, 39&deg;18&prime; N). It was 80 m long and 10 m wide. The north wall was the polystyrene-brick composite wall composited with 24cm polystyrene-brick filled with concrete, 45 cm soil and 5 cm concrete board in the direction from exterior to interior. The polystyrene-brick, which was made with polystyrene, was 24 cm wide with a 12 cm-wide cavity. The test period was from Dec. 20, 2013 to Jan. 30, 2014. During the period, the tested solar greenhouse was used to growing zucchini and employed drop irrigation. The heat insulation sheet was rolled up and down at 8:00 and 16:30, respectively. The wind vent would be open if the indoor air temperature was high during daytime. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures, solar irradiating on the inner surface of the wall, the inner surface temperature and soil temperature in the wall were measured. The data collected in a typical cloudy day (from Dec. 25, 2013, 8:00 to Dec. 26, 2013, 8:00) and a typical sunny day (from Dec. 28, 2013 8:00 to Dec. 29, 2013, 8:00) were used to analyze the heat performances of the polystyrene-brick wall. Then, the inner surface temperature of a clay-brick sandwich wall, which was composited with 24 cm clay-brick, 10 cm polystyrene board and 24 cm clay-brick, was simulated with one-dimension differential model to analyze the feasibility of substituting for the clay-brick sandwich wall. During the period when the solar greenhouse was covered with heat insulation sheet, the inner surface temperature of the polystyrene-brick composite wall was (2.5&plusmn;0.2) and (5.4&plusmn;1.4) higher than the indoor air temperature in the cloudy day and the sunny day, respectively. It is indicated that the heat released by the wall into the solar greenhouse during the nighttime of the sunny day was 2.1 times than that during the nighttime of the cloudy day. As a result, the indoor air temperatures in the nights of cloudy day and sunny day could be maintained at (9.8&plusmn;1.1) and (13.0&plusmn;2.1), which were (15.1&plusmn;2.0) and (22.6&plusmn;1.1) than the outdoor air temperature, respectively. The results meant that the solar greenhouse can meet the requirement of most crops. According to the simulated and measured results, the differences in the inner surface temperature between the clay-brick sandwich wall and the polystyrene-brick composite wall were less than 0.3. On the other hand, the heat release region of the polystyrene-brick composite wall in the cloudy day and sunny day was 17 cm and 33 cm, respectively, and both were smaller than the thickness of soil and concrete board. It is indicated that the thickness of soil and concrete was large enough for storing heat in the daytime. Besides, the heat resistance of the polystyrene-brick filled with concrete was estimated as 2.93 m²K/W. It was two times of the lowest heat resistance of the wall in local solar greenhouse. Thus the heat resistance of the polystyrene-brick composite wall was large enough to prevent heat in the soil from flowing to the outside. Finally, it is concluded that the polystyrene-brick composite wall is feasible to be the north wall of the solar greenhouse and feasible to substitute the polystyrene-brick composite wall for the clay-brick composite wall. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Brick
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Concretes - Digital storage - Filled polymers - Greenhouses - Heat resistance - Heat storage - Insulation - Polystyrenes - Soils  - Solar heating - Specific heat - Surface properties - Temperature - Thermal comfort
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese solar greenhouse - Composite wall - Differential models - Indoor air temperature - Indoor and outdoor airs - Outdoor-air temperature - Solar greenhouse - Storage performance
Classification code:412 ConcreteConcrete

 - 413 Insulating MaterialsInsulating Materials

 - 414.2 Brick MaterialsBrick Materials

 - 443.1 Atmospheric PropertiesAtmospheric Properties

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 641.1 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

 - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air ConditioningSpace Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

 - 657.1 Solar Energy and PhenomenaSolar Energy and Phenomena

 - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and TechniquesData Storage, Equipment and Techniques

 - 815.1.1 Organic PolymersOrganic Polymers

 - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other StructuresFarm Buildings and Other Structures

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20160701941245
Title:Analysis and evaluation of combine harvester driver fatigue based on heart rate variability
Authors:Zhu, Rongxin (1, 2); Wang, Jinwu (1); Tang, Han (1); Zhou, Wenqi (1); Pan, Zhenwei (1); Wang, Qi (1); Duo, Tianyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; (2) Mechanical Engineering Institute, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jinwu(jinwuw@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:77-83
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The study on combine harvester driver fatigue is important and necessary to reduce the accidents, improve the operation efficiency and protect the health of the driver. In order to explore the change rule of combine harvester driver fatigue, monitoring experiment of combine harvester driver fatigue was carried out with John Deere S660 at Gegiushan farm of Bei'an Agricultural Reclamation Administration in Heilongjiang province from October 1, 2014 to October 7, 2014. The experiment was performed in sunny day during the forenoon to eliminate the influences of time and weather on the experiment. The crops harvested were soybean, and the conditions of test land were similar. The noise of cab was 95 dB (A), of which temperature basically remain unchanged. The monitoring equipment was RM-6240C multi-channel physiological signal acquisition processing system produced by Chengdu Instrument Factory with four channels and one interface of 12 lead ECG, which is suitable for multi-channel synchronous detection, records and analysis of human body physiological signal such as Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, muscle tension. Before the test, skin preparation work was carried out such as removing dead skin, oil and grease. ECG signals were measured by three electrodes method; The electrodes were pasted on three places, for instance between the fourth rib on the left armpit front, below the right clavicle middle and the lower right of xiphoid process, which were connected with the positive(red), the negative(green) and the reference (black) wire respectively. The sampling frequency of multi-channel physiological signal acquisition system was 1 kHz, scanning speed 0.2 cm/s, sensitivity 1 mV. The ECG data of 10 male drivers sitting quietly in the cab were recorded for 5 minutes before harvesting (marked as quiet segment), at the same time subjective fatigue questionnaire were finished. Then the ECG data of drivers were recorded for 120 minutes when combine harvester running at the speed of 8~10 km/h. Subjective fatigue questionnaire were filled in every 20minutes. The ECG data collected in driving were divided into 12 parts with 10 minutes per part. The ECG data both of quiet segment and 12 parts were denoised and detected for R waveform by the way of Wavelet Transform, and then the R-R interval value of each part was computed. Nonlinear dynamic index SampEn was selected as the characteristic parameter of fatigue testing which characterizes the complexity of heart rate variability. Firstly, the change curve of SampEn along with driving time and the scores of subjective fatigue degree at specified moment were achieved, and correlation analysis was researched between SampEn and scores of subjective fatigue degree. Secondly, driver fatigue occurred time was determined by the results of paired-samples T test of SampEn between quiet segment and other 12 parts. Finally, degrees of fatigue in straight section and that of turn section were compared by the results of paired-samples T test of SampEn between each section and quiet segment respectively. The results showed that the average values of SampEn significantly declined with the increase of the driving time. Pearson correlation coefficient between SampEn and subjective fatigue score was -0.824, which showed that their relationship was negatively significant. According to the results of paired-samples T test of SampEn between quiet segment and other 12 parts, the values of SampEn of the fifth part was significantly different from that of quiet segment(P&lt;0.05), and the values of SampEn of tenth part was very significantly different from that of quiet segment(P&lt;0.01), which indicated that combine harvester driver fatigue began to appear after 50 minutes, and deeped after 100 minutes. The values of SampEn in turn section was significantly different from that of quiet segment(P&lt;0.05), there was not significant difference between straight section and quiet segment(P&gt;0.05), and the values of SampEn in turn section was smaller than that of straight section, which indicated that degree of fatigue of the former was higher than that of the latter. Compared with the subjective evaluation method of driver fatigue, determining diver fatigue method according to the change of the value of SampEn can more accurately reflect the beginning and deepening period of combine harvester driver fatigue, and objectively reflect the driver's physical and mental fatigue status. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Harvesters
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Blood pressure - Chemical detection - Correlation methods - Electrocardiography - Electrodes - Fatigue testing - Harvesting - Heart  - Monitoring - Physiology - Signal analysis - Signal processing - Surveys - Wavelet transforms
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and evaluation - Combine harvesters - Driver fatigue - Heart rate variability - Operation efficiencies - Pearson correlation coefficients - Physiological signal acquisitions - SampEn
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and BiologyBioengineering and Biology

 - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal ProcessingInformation Theory and Signal Processing

 - 801 ChemistryChemistry

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 921.3 Mathematical TransformationsMathematical Transformations

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20160701941259
Title:Inversion for spatial distribution pattern of soil organic matter based on HJ image in oasis cotton field
Authors:Wang, Qiong (1); Chen, Bing (1); Wang, Fangyong (1); Song, Qingping (1); Dou, Zhongjiang (1); Dai, Jianguo (2); Xiao, Chunhua (3); Yang, Xiuchun (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China; (2) College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China; (3) Key Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China; (4) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinses Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Dou, Zhongjiang(xjwqtg@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:174-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Quick and real-time monitoring of soil organic matter(SOM) distribution based on remote sensing can support the decision-making on precision crop management. However, most previous studies have been aimed at black soil, SOM content of which is commonly higher than 2%. The research about grey desert soil(average content of SOM is less than 2%) has been reported less. This paper tries to quantitatively retrieve SOM of grey soil by using HJ-1A/1B satellite remote sensing images. Ninety-one soil samples are collected from the oasis cotton field in northern Xinjiang, China during 2013-2014. The SOM content of these samples was determined, and the mult-spectral reflectances were measured. The spectrum characteristics of 65 soil samples were analyzed, the correlation analysis was conducted, and the characteristic bands for estimating retrieval model were sought; then, the stepwise regression analysis method was used to build the inversed models. And the models include one-variable linear regressive equation, quadratic regression model, cubic regression model, log-linear regression model, inverse regression model, power function model, growth regression model, S regression model and multiple regression model for different spectrum parameters. By means of comprehensive and comparative analysis of various models, the final monitoring model of SOM was then established. Taking into account the spatial difference between the samples and remote sensing images, 26 soil samples were used to test the model. And there was a good linear relationship between the estimated and the measured SOM values(determination coefficient 0.72). At last, based on the final monitoring mode, the distribution of the SOM was mapped. Results showed that: 1) The reflectance of each band had significant correlation with SOM content, and the reciprocal of reflectance at Band 3 had the most significant correlation with SOM content; 2) The cubic regression model was based on the refectance at Band 3, and combared with other models, it was the optimal one and could be used to retrieve the spatial distribution pattern of SOM in oasis cotton field; 3) Spatial distribution pattern of SOM indicated that the SOM content was higher in the north and south of study area, and lower in the middle. All of the present work implies that although the SOM content of grey desert soil is very different from black soil, the multi-spectral data, such as HJ-1A/1B satellite data, can be effectively used in SOM remote sensing monitoring. This conclusion can not only provide a scientific basis for cotton management and sustainable utilization of farmland in Xinjiang, but also offer the theory support for monitoring soil parameter by using remote sensing technology. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Cotton - Crops - Decision making - Image reconstruction - Linear regression - Organic compounds - Reflection - Regression analysis  - Remote sensing - Satellites - Soils - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton fields - Determination coefficients - HJ satellites - Remote sensing monitoring - Remote sensing technology - Soil organic matters - Spatial distribution patterns - Stepwise regression analysis
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue EngineeringBiological Materials and Tissue Engineering

 - 481.2 GeochemistryGeochemistry

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 655.2 SatellitesSatellites

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 912.2 ManagementManagement

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20160701941279
Title:Effect of different starch source properties on crystal leather textural quality
Authors:Ai, Zhilu (1, 3); Sun, Xixi (1); Pan, Zhili (1, 2); Xie, Xinhua (1); Suo, Biao (1); Tian, Pingping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; (2) Henan Engineering Laboratory and Key Laboratory Base of Quick-frozen Flour-rice and Prepared Food, Zhengzhou, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crop, Zhengzhou, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:318-324
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High transparency and delicate taste are the most important quality indices of the crystal starch products. In order to clarify the effect of starch characteristics on the crystal products' textural quality, 5 kinds of starch originated from wheat, corn, potato, cassava and mung bean were selected as research material to determine the starch granule property, damaged starch content, gelatinization property, as well as their correlation with crystal skin transparency and texture quality. The brightness, transparency and texture properties were chosen as indices for evaluating the quality of crystal starch product, which could not only reflect the product palatability, but also avoid the difference of artificial factors. The indices were determined by the colorimeter, the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and the texture analyzer, respectively. The experiment was carried out in Henan Agricultural University from March to June in 2015. The results showed that different starch skin showed significant difference in the quality. By evaluating the starch skin brightness, transparency and texture qualities, the wheat starch skin showed the best quality, followed by potato, cassava and corn. The worst quality was found in mung bean starch product. The brightness of wheat starch skin was 77.81, which was the highest brightness in research. The wheat starch skin had the light transmittance of 22.83%, and it also had better chewiness, more moderate hardness, springiness and firmness under the same condition. Therefore, wheat starch skin demonstrated the best palatability to make crystal skin, because it had more excellent quality characteristics. The average particle size of starch was significantly and positively correlated with crystal skin brightness and light transmittance, which should be attributed to the reason that starch molecules with larger size were easier to swell and be fully extended. The average particle size of starch was significantly and negatively correlated with crystal skin springiness and chewiness. The results suggested that excess starch inflation would lead to a water-based starch, which was adverse to the springiness and chewiness of the starch skin. The expansion of the starch granules at 95 was significantly(P&lt;0.05) related to the light transmittance of crystal skin, but not significantly related to other quality characteristics. The damaged starch content of the starch had significantly positive correlations (P&lt;0.05) with crystal skin brightness and light transmittance. Whereas, the damaged starch content had negative correlations with springiness and chewiness. Therefore, the best overall crystal skin texture quality would be obtained only when the damaged starch content was moderate. In this study, the crystal skin quality was good when iodine absorption rate was 93.94%. Moreover, the crystal starch product quality also showed a close relationship with starch gelatinization, which was evident by the results that starch peak viscosity and breakdown had significantly(P&lt;0.01) positive correlation with the light transmittance of crystal starch products. The results suggested that the starch with greater swelling was easier to form better thermal paste stability, and as a result the transparency of the starch skin was higher. Setback and final viscosity had negative correlation with the light transmittance. Setback reflected the aging trend of starch. Starch aging would lead to the reorganization of molecules, which reduced crystal skin transparency. The positive correlation was also observed between the trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback and the crystal starch product hardness, springiness, chewiness, firmness. However, there was no significant correlation between the gelatinization temperature and the crystal starch products quality. To sum up, the present results suggest that when one kind of raw material is selected for crystal starch products, the viscosity is capable of being used as an important evaluation index. Meanwhile, the particle size, swelling, peak viscosity and breakdown can be well used for predicting the crystal starch product's brightness and light transmittance. The damaged starch content, trough viscosity, final viscosity and setback are the crucial factors that affect the palatability of the crystal starch products. The present result has a great application potential in crystal starch product processing industry, and especially offers a basic theoretical support for raw material selection and quality improvement. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Starch
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Gelation - Granulation - Hardness - Leather - Luminance - Molecules - Particle size - Plants (botany)  - Quality control - Transparency - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Gelatinization properties - Gelatinization temperature - Particle characteristics - Pasting - Quality characteristic - Raw material selection - Textural quality - Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
Classification code:741.1 Light/OpticsLight/Optics

 - 802.3 Chemical OperationsChemical Operations

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 814.1 LeatherLeather

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 913.3 Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

 - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and SolidsPhysical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

 - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20160701941275
Title:Nonparametric probabilistic evaluation of ethylenethiourea dietary intake risk in apple
Authors:Ye, Mengliang (1); Nie, Jiyun (1); Xu, Guofeng (1); Yan, Zhen (1); Zheng, Lijing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Risk Assessment on Fruit Quality and Safety(Xingcheng), Xingcheng, China
Corresponding author:Nie, Jiyun(jiyunnie@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:286-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Food quality and safety risk assessment work is a recent development in China. Several studies on risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits have been reported. The deterministic point estimation approach based on a single-point estimation (such as an average value or a high percentile) was the primary method in these studies. Using this method, dietary intake was evaluated by multiplying the mean agrochemical residual level and mean fruits consumption data. These numbers were easy to derive, but did not take into consideration the variation and uncertainty between individuals in the evaluation process. A nonparametric probabilistic evaluation model could better quantify the health risk for the general population by taking both variation and uncertainty into account. The outputs from Monte Carlo simulations can be specified at any percentile, making the calculation more intuitive and more convenient for evaluating the health risk in the general population. The probabilistic evaluation approach, therefore, is gradually becoming a focus of research into food quality and safety risk assessment in China. Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are considered as one of the most important organosulfur compounds used as fungicides. These DTCs are widely used as non-systemic fungicides in agriculture and horticulture. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a toxicologically relevant degradation and/or biotransformation product of DTCs. It has been reported that ETU has caused cancer in experimental animals and may be carcinogenic in human, which should be considered in a consumer risk assessment. The professional risk assessment software @Risk, based on Monte Carlo simulations, was used to evaluate the dietary intake risk. First, data on the ETU residual content in 282 apple samples were collected for distribution fitting, which was checked by three statistical test methods - the Chi-Squared test, the Anderson-Darling test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; the optimum fitting distribution was selected from the results. Simulations were performed with 10,000 iterations in the process of distribution fitting and with 10,000 simulation calculations for each population subgroups, ensuring that high percentile values would be more stable. The purpose was to ascertain ETU residue level in domestic apple and quantify the dietary intake risk for the general population consuming apple with ETU residues. A total of 282 apple samples were randomly collected from two main apple superior producing areas, including the Bohai bay (Liaoning, Shandong and Hebei) and the Northwest loess plateau (Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan). To determine whether the human intake of ETU exceeded health safety limits, we evaluated toxicological endpoint values such as the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD). The %ADI and %ARfD represented for chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk, respectively. The results showed that the detectable rate of ETU was 80.9%, the average of residue contents was 6.1 &mu;g/kg, the maximum residue content was 74.1 &mu;g/kg, and the vast majority of ETU residual content of the 282 apple samples (90.4%) were lower than 10.0 &mu;g/kg. The discrete degree of ETU residual content was large (134.6%) among 282 apple samples. Variation Coefficient of different provinces was in the following order: Shaanxi (150.7%)&gt;Liaoning (146.8%)&gt;Hebei (91.2%)&gt;Shandong (88.1%)&gt;Henan (54.9%)&gt;Shanxi (51.8%). Difference of dietary intake risk in different age groups was clear, that the ETU dietary intake risks of the infants (aged 2 to 6) and children (aged 7 to 13) were significantly higher than that of teenagers (aged 14 to 17) and adults (aged 18 to 59), so they were the vital monitoring objects. But overall, the dietary intake risk for different age groups consuming apples was low in China, and chronic and acute dietary intake risk of ETU were 0.35%~13.12% (%ADI) and 0.22%~3.94% (%ARfD), respectively, which was far lower than 100%. Differences of dietary intake risk of different provinces and different main producing areas were obvious, but the dietary intake risk of ETU was still much lower than 100%, which was acceptable. Based on the eMRL, MRL of ETU in apples was proposed to be 0.2 mg/kg. This study will provide references for apple quality safety supervision and carrying out the work of fruits quality and safety risk assessment systemically in the future. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Risk assessment
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Food safety - Fruits - Fungicides - Health - Health risks - Intelligent systems - Models - Monte Carlo methods - Nutrition  - Pesticides - Quality control - Safety engineering - Sulfur compounds - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Acceptable daily intakes - Apple - Biotransformation product - Dietary intakes - Ethylenethiourea - Food quality and safeties - Probabilistic evaluation - Single point estimations
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and PharmacologyMedicine and Pharmacology

 - 461.7 Health CareHealth Care

 - 723.4 Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence

 - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial ChemicalsChemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 913.3 Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

 - 914 Safety EngineeringSafety Engineering

 - 914.1 Accidents and Accident PreventionAccidents and Accident Prevention

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20160701941251
Title:Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on structure and fractal characteristics of particulate matters in combustion of n-butanol/diesel
Authors:Qu, Lei (1); Wang, Zhong (1); Zhao, Yang (1); Liu, Shuai (1); Li, Ruina (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhong(wangzhong@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:118-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pollutant emissions of diesel engine are mainly particulate matters, nitrogen oxide(NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide(CO), etc. The NO<inf>x</inf>, sulfide and particulate matters can form aerosol in the atmosphere, which is one of main causes leading to fog and haze. The concentration of small and medium scale particles such as PM2.5 and NO<inf>x</inf>is increasing with the wide application of diesel engine. The fog and haze weather occurs frequently, which has negative impacts on human health. It is quite necessary to carry out research on reducing particulate matters emitted from diesel engine. The diesel particulate matters and NO<inf>x</inf>emissions can be effectively controlled by adding the oxygen-containing fuel in the reaction process combined with the technology of the exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), which yet has multiple effects on the microstructure and oxidation behavior of the diesel engine particulate matters. In order to analyze and comprehend the effect of particle structure and fractal characteristics, a particulate matter sampling device was employed to collect the diesel engine particulate matters, which took oxygenated fuels combined with the technology of EGR into consideration. And the effects of different EGR rate (0%, 10% and 20%) on the particulate matters, which were produced in the combustion of N-butanol/diesel blended fuel with 10% N-butanol(N10), were studied with the thermal field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high resolution electron microscopy(TEM), and the results were analyzed by the image technology. To be specific, the changing rule of physical structure parameter including the particulate matter microstructure, the average particle size of particulate matter group and the fractal dimension were analyzed, as well as the fringe separation distance and the fringe length distribution of basic carbon particles. It could be well observed that there was obvious clusters structure of particulate matters formed by combustion under 3 different conditions: N10EGR0, N10EGR10% and N10EGR20%. What was more, the range of particulate matter size was mainly concentrated between 30 and 70 nm which showed the normal single peak distribution. And the size of particulate matters demonstrated the pattern moving to larger figures gradually with the EGR rate increasing. Also the average size of particulate matter of N10EGR20% increased by 19% compared to N10EGR0. The gradual decreasing of box dimension indicated the fact that the intergranular degree of clusters gradually weakened. On the other hand, the basic carbon particles under different EGR conditions presented the similar structures, which looked like spherical carbon layer fingerprints. The basic carbon particulate matters were composed of 2 parts, the basic kernel layer and the shell. The basic kernel layer was the amorphous carbon structure, and the shell was the structure of graphite crystallite. Moreover, with the increasing of the EGR rate, the basic kernel layer was arranged more disorderly and the shell carbon particulate matters presented more irregular graphite crystal structure. To summarize, the average fringe separation distance of basic carbon particles was increased gradually as well as the average tortuosity distribution, and the average fringe length distribution was decreased with the increasing of EGR rate. The oxidation activity of particulate matters was improved with the adoption of EGR. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the formation mechanism of particulate matters and the measures to reduce the particulate matter emission of diesel engine by oxygenated fuel and the technology of EGR together. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms:Amorphous carbon - Carbon monoxide - Combustion - Crystal structure - Diesel engines - Engines - Exhaust gas recirculation - Exhaust gases - Fractal dimension - Fractals  - Fuels - Gas emissions - Gases - Graphite - High resolution electron microscopy - Microstructure - Nitrogen oxides - Particle size - Particulate emissions - Scanning electron microscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Amorphous carbon structures - Box dimension - Diesel particulate matters - Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) - Fractal characteristics - N-butanol - Particulate Matter - Particulate matter emissions
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution SourcesAir Pollution Sources

 - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine ComponentsInternal Combustion Engine Components

 - 612.2 Diesel EnginesDiesel Engines

 - 804.2 Inorganic CompoundsInorganic Compounds

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 933.1.1 Crystal LatticeCrystal Lattice

 - 933.2 Amorphous SolidsAmorphous Solids

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20160701941265
Title:Ammonia removal effect by using micro-current electrolysis in aquaculture saline water
Authors:Ye, Zhangying (1); Pei, Luowei (1); Lin, Xiaochang (1); Gu, Zhaobing (2); Wang, Shuo (1); Zhu, Songming (1); Ruan, Yunjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Hangzhou, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
Corresponding author:Ruan, Yunjie(ruanyj@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:212-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recirculating aquaculture system(RAS), the metabolites and residual feed of fish are the main sources of ammonia nitrogen. The biological filter is widely used to avoid the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen. Autotrophic nitrification plays an important role in biological filter. However, the proliferation period of autotrophic nitrification is relatively long, and susceptible to temperature; once the system fails to run, it takes a long time for nitrifying bacterial colony to recovery. In recent years, electrochemical oxidation technology has been applied to remove ammonia nitrogen. In this paper, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen under different flow velocities, temperatures and current densities were investigated. The artificial wastewater with added ammonia nitrogen was used in this study. The salinity of wastewater was 30&permil;, and the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 10 mg/L. The micro-current electrolysis system was placed in a climatic cabinet to obtain a desirable temperature. The prepared wastewater of 2 L was poured into a beaker and heated by a constant temperature magnetic stirrer. The wastewater was circulated between electrolysis cell and beaker using a peristaltic pump, and then the power supply was enabled 10 min later. Various values of flow velocity(100, 300 and 500 mL/min), temperature (18, 25 and 32) and current density(20, 40 and 60 A/m²) were used in the experiments, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was measured every 15 min. Moreover, the optimal electrolytic condition was established by the orthogonal analysis. The energy consumption of removing ammonia nitrogen was also calculated. The results showed that the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen after 90 min with different flow velocity of 100, 300 and 500 mL/min reached 92.38%, 95.15% and 93.27% respectively under the condition of 25 and 40 A/m². Single factor analysis showed that the flow velocity had no significant effect on the removal rate. When the current density was 40 A/m², the flow velocity was 300 mL/min, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen reached 87.45%, 88.78% and 92.25% respectively after 60 min with different temperature of 18, 25 and 32. Single factor analysis showed that the temperature had no significant effect on the removal rate. When the temperature was 25, the flow velocity was 300 mL/min, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen reached 59.32%, 87.89% and 89.01% respectively after 60 min with different current density of 20, 40 and 60 A/m². Single factor analysis showed that the current density had significant effect on the removal rate, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased with the current density. The orthogonal analysis showed that the current density was the main influence factor of ammonia removal rate, and the optimum conditions were the current density of 40 A/m²and the flow rate of 300 mL/min, which resulted in the lowest energy consumption of 21.26 Wh/kg. Therefore, the micro-current electrolysis technology has good effect on the removal of ammonia nitrogen, the removal efficiency is relatively higher, and the energy consumption is relatively lower. The micro-current electrolysis technology has a great potential for application compared with the traditional biological filter. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Aquaculture - Current density - Electrochemical oxidation - Electrolysis - Electrolytic analysis - Energy utilization - Factor analysis - Filters (for fluids) - Flow rate  - Flow velocity - Multivariant analysis - Nitrification - Nitrogen - Saline water - Temperature - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia nitrogen - Artificial wastewater - Constant temperature - Electrolysis systems - Initial concentration - Orthogonal analysis - Recirculating aquaculture system - Removal efficiencies
Classification code:444 Water ResourcesWater Resources

 - 525.3 Energy UtilizationEnergy Utilization

 - 631 Fluid FlowFluid Flow

 - 641.1 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

 - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and PhenomenaElectricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena

 - 801.4.1 ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry

 - 802.2 Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 804.2 Inorganic CompoundsInorganic Compounds

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 922 Statistical MethodsStatistical Methods

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20160701941260
Title:Gender determination of early chicken hatching eggs embryos by hyperspectral imaging
Authors:Pan, Leiqing (1); Zhang, Wei (2); Yu, Minli (3); Sun, Ye (1); Gu, Xinzhe (1); Ma, Long (1); Li, Zijun (1); Hu, Pengcheng (1); Tu, Kang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; (2) School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China; (3) College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Corresponding author:Tu, Kang(kangtu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:181-186
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In poultry breeding, chicken gender is closely related to its productivity. For the rapid and nondestructive detection on the gender of chicken embryos in early period during the whole hatching, a laboratory hyperspectral imaging system was setup to capture hyperspectral transmission images of 94 hatching eggs on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, at the spectral region of 400~1 000 nm. On the 16th day during the hatching, chicken egg embryos were broken for gender determination by human visual inspection from three trained experts, due to the fact that the difference in morphology between male and female chicken embryos is enough to be identified by human vision on day 16. After comparisons among the images information between male and female embryos, no clear differences was found. Therefore, the spectral information was further analyzed. The regions of interest (ROIs) were selected at big head, middle part and small head of egg for spectral response extraction. For the optimal time and location selection for gender determination, three models including linear algorithm(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLSDA) and nonlinear algorithm(support vector machine, SVM; artificial neural network, ANN) were built by using full band spectral response, and the discrimination accuracy for male and female embryos were compared at different time and locations based on different models. The results showed that all of the discrimination models had the best accuracy on the 10th day of incubation as well as the ROI located on the middle of egg. Next, the average spectral response difference between male and female embryos was analyzed. 600~900 nm was determined by removal of bands of 400~599 nm and 901~1 000 nm, which had little difference between male and female embryos, to build the gender discrimination models based on SVM, PLSDA and ANN. The results showed that the accuracy of SVM and PLSDA were both 75.00% for prediction, which were better than the accuracy with 71.88% for both SVM and PLSDA, based on full band spectral response on day 10 and middle part. For ANN, the prediction accuracy was 82.86%, by an increase of 2.86% compared with full band spectral response. Furthermore, the overall prediction performance of ANN model had better results for gender detection than SVM and PLSDA. The results in the study showed that hyperspectral imaging technology has the potential to identify the gender of early hatching chicken eggs embryos, but the accuracy of identification may be affected by the individual differences of hatching egg. So, in further research, more samples, physicochemical and biochemical differences between male and female embryos in various developmental stages were suggested to be incorporated for higher accuracy acquision of gender discrimination. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Animals - Discriminant analysis - Forecasting - Imaging techniques - Least squares approximations - Neural networks - Nondestructive examination - Social sciences - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis  - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Early incubation - Embryos - Gender determination - Hatching egg - Hyper-spectral images - Imaging processing
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and ApplicationsComputer Software, Data Handling and Applications

 - 746 Imaging TechniquesImaging Techniques

 - 921.6 Numerical MethodsNumerical Methods

 - 922 Statistical MethodsStatistical Methods

 - 971 Social SciencesSocial Sciences

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20160701941248
Title:Spray characteristics on pulse-width modulation variable application based on high frequency electromagnetic valve
Authors:Li, Longlong (1); He, Xiongkui (1); Song, Jianli (1); Zhong, Chongshan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:He, Xiongkui(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:97-103
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High frequency solenoid valve has the advantage of fast response, and it can effectively improve the deposition uniformity especially for high-speed operation. In order to study the variable spraying characteristics of high frequency solenoid valve, a pulse width modulation (PWM) variable rate spraying system based on high frequency solenoid valve was developed. The minimum pulse width of the solenoid valve used in the research was 1.3 ms. The PWM variable rate spraying system was made up of power supply, drive, single chip microcomputer, solenoid valve, serial communication module, computer, and so on. Frequency and duty cycle of solenoid valve could be regulated by the PWM control system in real time. This article applied the ST standard fan nozzle and IDK anti-drift nozzle which are commonly used in the agriculture to carry out experiment, which focused on how frequency and duty cycle of solenoid valve influenced flow rate, droplet diameter, atomization process and longitudinal deposition uniformity. In the flow rate test, 12~37 Hz and 20%~100% were chosen as the working frequency and duty cycle and the working pressure was 0.2~0.5 MPa. The water weight was measured by precision balance in 30 s to get flow rate(L/min), and each test was repeated 5 times. It was observed that the flow rate had a linear relation with the duty cycle in the fixed working pressure and the R2 of regression line was greater than 0.9 at 12~37 Hz. Linear interval was 0.8 at 12 Hz and 0.56 at 37 Hz, and it was concluded that the linear interval decreased with the increasing of frequency. For the nozzle of ST120-04 under the working condition of 0.4 MPa and 30 Hz, the flow rate increased by 6 times at duty cycle of 100% compared to 20%, while the flow rate increased by 10 times in the pressure of 0.5 MPa. Therefor it was essential to collect proper frequency and spraying pressure to meet working requirement. In the article, 2 measurement modes of Spraytec particle sizer were chosen in the test of droplet diameter. The continuous measurement mode could measure the droplet diameter continuously for 10 s. Droplets could be measured discontinuously at the measure frequency of 100 Hz which meant that droplets were measured for 100 times in one second by the Spraytec particle sizer. The frequency and duty cycle were 15~35 Hz and 20%~100% and the working pressure was 0.3 MPa. Nozzle was fixed at 50 cm above the Spraytec particle sizer and volume medium diameter(VMD) was used to describe the droplet diameter in the article. The results showed that in the continuous measurement mode, the droplet diameter decreased from 20% to 100% respectively for the nozzle of ST110-02, ST110-03 and ST120-04. Moreover, for ST110-03 and ST120-04, the droplet diameter increased from 20% to 40%, because these 2 nozzles needed more flow rate to form the atomization zone yet the flow rate was too small from 20% to 40%. In the discontinuous measurement mode, the droplet diameter changed periodically and the average VMD of 3 nozzles was consistent with the test result of continuous measurement mode. In order to further research the atomization characteristics of PWM variable spraying system based on the high frequency solenoid valve, high-speed camera was used to observe the atomization zone at different frequency and duty cycle. The frame and shutter of high-speed camera were set in 3 000 FPS and 1/4000 s respectively. It was observed that the atomization zone would break up because of nozzle's instantaneous open-close. The duty cycles at the fracture of atomization zone were 26%~43% and 35%~60% for the ST110-03 and ST120-04 nozzle from 15 to 35 Hz. Deposition test bench based on the traveling boom was developed in the Center of Chemical Application Technology, China Agricultural University. Petri dishes (35 mm) were used to collect droplets. The collectors were set in 5 parallel columns and the interval of adjacent 2 columns was 12 cm. Each column contained 16 Petri dishes and the 3rd column was placed under the traveling direction of nozzle. Tartrazine(3&permil;) was chosen as the tracer material and spray boom speed was 2 m/s. In the deposition test, 15 and 30 Hz, and 40%, 70% and 100% were chosen as the working frequency and duty cycle. The results showed that frequency and duty cycle would influence deposition uniformity. For the IDK120-04 nozzle at duty cycle of 40%, the CV (coefficient of variation) at 30 Hz decreased by 6.07% compared with 15 Hz. From 40% to 100%, CV decreased by 11.75% and 18.31% respectively for IDK120-02 and IDK120-04 at 15 Hz while decreased by 8.72% and 12.24% respectively at 30 Hz. Also, the deposition uniformity of ST standard nozzle was better than the IDK anti-drift nozzle. These results show that the high frequency solenoid valve can be used in the PWM variable rate spraying system and it has advantage in longitudinal deposition uniformity. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Atomization - Cameras - Counting circuits - Deposition - Drop formation - Drops - Flow rate - High speed cameras  - Modulation - Nozzles - Pulse width modulation - Solenoid valves - Solenoids - Spraying - Testing - Voltage control
Uncontrolled terms:Atomization characteristics - Coefficient of variation - Continuous measurements - Electromagnetic valves - Single chip microcomputers - Spray characteristics - Variable rate spraying - Variable spray
Classification code:619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering GenerallyPipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally

 - 631 Fluid FlowFluid Flow

 - 631.1 Fluid Flow, GeneralFluid Flow, General

 - 704.1 Electric ComponentsElectric Components

 - 713.4 Pulse CircuitsPulse Circuits

 - 731.3 Specific Variables ControlSpecific Variables Control

 - 742.2 Photographic EquipmentPhotographic Equipment

 - 802.3 Chemical OperationsChemical Operations

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and EquipmentAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

 - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and SolidsPhysical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20160701941254
Title:Multi-objective optimal operation for multi-reservoirs for water diversion and supply by using aggregation model
Authors:Wu, Hengqing (1, 2); Huang, Qiang (1); Xu, Wei (3); Xi, Shufeng (4, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China; (2) ShenzhenXili Reservoir Management Department, Shenzhen, China; (3) College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China; (4) Department of Water Resources and Environment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; (5) Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute, Shenzhen, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:140-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reservoirs optimal operation can improve the efficiency of water allocation and supply. Gongming water supply project is taken as an example, which is subsystem of Shenzhen urban water supply. The project constituted by hybrid reservoirs, including Gongming reservoir, Qiankeng reservoir, Ejing reservoir and Shiyan reservoir. In this project, Gongming reservoir is used to prevent continuous dry years or serious water pollution incidents, which might take great threat to urban water supply. Thus, the storage water of Gongming reservoir is taken as reserved water source for Shenzhen city water supply. For this special task, the Gongming reservoir need keeping at a relatively high water storage level for a long time, and the reservoir requires a certain amount of exchange water to maintain water quality health. The water supply benefit of the hybrid reservoirs and the amount of exchange water of Gongming reservoir are the key objectives. To study the optimal operation of Gongming water supply project for inter-basin water diversion and water supply operating, firstly, aggregation method is applied to aggregate the reservoirs into a "virtual reservoir", which is used for simplifying topological structure of hybrid reservoirs. The dead storage and usable storage of "virtual reservoir" is formed by superposing the dead storage and usable storage of hybrid reservoirs respectively. Then based on "virtual reservoir", the hybrid reservoirs operation rules for water diversion and water supply are established. Further, the multi-objectives genetic algorithm NSGA-II is applied to optimize the operation rules, and the multi-objectives of the operation are the minimum amount of diversion water and the maximum amount of supply water. The water supply operation rule curves divide the storage of "virtual reservoir" into 3 functional areas, which are normal water supply area, reduced water supply area and reserved water supply area. When total water storage of "virtual reservoir" keeps during normal water supply area, the urban demand water can be supplied adequately. When total water storage of "virtual reservoir" keeps during reduced water supply area, it indicates that the reservoirs are lacking of water, urban demand water can not be satisfied and water supply needs to reduce appropriately. The third situation is when continuous dry years or serious water pollution incidents occur, reserved water of Gongming reservoir is used to satisfy the urban demand water. The water diversion operation rule curves divide the storage into 2 functional areas, which are reduced water diversion area and normal water supply area. When total water storage of "virtual reservoir" keeps during reduced water diversion area, it indicates that the reservoirs have enough water to satisfy urban demand. The reserves reduce diversion water to prevent abandoned water. However, when total water storage of "virtual reservoir" keeps during normal water supply area, the reserves are lacking of water storage that should do water diversion. Pareto optimization technique is embedded in NSGA-II, which makes NSGA-II deal with multi-objectives at the same time. Firstly, Pareto optimization technique is applied to obtain 400 multi objective feasible solution sets that can meet water supply guarantee rate. In these sets, 183 optimal feasible solutions with different weights are selected. Then according to the 183 Pareto solutions, operation processes of water diversion and water supply are simulated. Based on the simulated results, the amounts of water diversion, exchange water, abandoned water and guarantee rate are counted as indicators, and the fuzzy method is used to analyze the relative membership degree of 183 Pareto solutions. In the scheme selecting process, water diversion and exchange water are assumed to be equal. Thus the highest relative membership degree of solution B is selected as satisfying scheme for real-time operation. Comparing and analysis the results, it demonstrates that optimization operation can improve efficiency of water supply and water exchange. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Reservoirs (water)
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Flood control - Genetic algorithms - Models - Multiobjective optimization - Optimization - Pareto principle - Petroleum reservoirs - Pollution - Water distribution systems  - Water pollution - Water quality - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Inter-basin water diversions - Multi-objectives genetic algorithms - Optimal feasible solution - Optimal operation - Optimization operation - Relative membership degrees - Water supply operations - Water users
Classification code:441.2 ReservoirsReservoirs

 - 442.1 Flood ControlFlood Control

 - 445.2 Water AnalysisWater Analysis

 - 446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 453 Water PollutionWater Pollution

 - 512.1.1 Oil FieldsOil Fields

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20160701941246
Title:Design of self-learning cruising type water quality monitoring system based on GPS
Authors:Liu, Xingqiao (1); Chen, Hailei (2); Zhu, Chengyun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical &amp; Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; (2) School of New Energy and Electronic Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:84-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, in which the high water quality plays an important role for the harvest of aquatic organisms. This paper proposes a water quality monitoring system to achieve that goal. While current water quality monitoring devices share drawbacks of small measuring range, poor mobility and high cost, the distinguished contribution of water monitoring is a self-learning navigation component, which can address the previously mentioned challenges in other systems. Our system contains a front-end water monitoring subsystem, as well as a back-end server to store and analyze the monitored data. We developed three main modules in the front-end monitoring subsystem: a water quality collection module, a vessel movement control module, and a GPS navigation module. The water quality collection module contains a PT100 temperature sensor, a fluorescence dissolved oxygen sensor, and an industrial pH meter. Those sensors are used to collect parameters related to water quality including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the pH value. The vessel motion control is remotely managed by a CC2530 chip, which periodically sends commands to the motion coordinator in the ship. All data from the monitoring subsystem, including the water quality parameters, vessel movement control commands, and the GPS locations, are sent to the GPRS layer, which acts as a bridge to connect the monitoring subsystem and the server. Once the server received data, it parses them and calculates the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and PH values. Meanwhile, the server extracts the location information and computes the distance and the direction angle to the target position. We have designed a database to store the collected data in the server, and also developed an Android application so that individual users can access the data at all time and places. The user can even set measurement target and control the movement of the vessel directly by the Android client. This process is achieved by following steps: 1) the Android client sends control commands to the server; 2) the server calculates the steering angle based on the current state of vessel and location information, and sends a corresponding control command to the GPRS module; 3) the GPRS module passes the message to CC2530 chip through the RS485 serial port; 4) the chip simulates PWM waves to control the left and right motor revolution so that vessel can change direction and move freely as expected. The vessel gradually revises its path according to the received data and its current GPS location, and will move towards the final target eventually. Our system has been evaluated in a modern fishery breeding base in Yangzhong, Jiangsu Province. In the experiment, the ship was initially driven by manual control to select twelve measurement positions. After that, we utilize our self-learning system to navigate the ship to access those target positions. The ship stayesat each location for two minutes and collectswater quality parameters in the neighborhood. After an hour of testing, the errors between navigated positions and real target positions areless than 2 meters on average, and the maximum difference of dissolved oxygen value between those positions is 1 mg/L. The change of water temperature is 1.5, and pHvalue remains unchanged. Those results are consistent with the horizontal distribution law of water quality parameters. Compared with current state-of-arts, our system has the capability of mobile data collection, which can not only increase the measurement range but also reduce the cost. The system has significant potential in various applications such as aquaculture, river management, and hydrological monitoring. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Android (operating system) - Aquaculture - Aquatic organisms - Biochemical oxygen demand - Dissolution - Dissolved oxygen - Global positioning system - Location - Navigation - Oxygen  - pH - Quality control - Remote sensing - Robot programming - Ships - Temperature - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:CC2530 - Controlled conditions - Horizontal distribution - Hydrological monitoring - Mobile data collections - Water quality monitoring - Water quality monitoring systems - Water quality parameters
Classification code:445.2 Water AnalysisWater Analysis

 - 471 Marine Science and OceanographyMarine Science and Oceanography

 - 641.1 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

 - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and ApplicationsComputer Software, Data Handling and Applications

 - 723.1 Computer ProgrammingComputer Programming

 - 801.1 Chemistry, GeneralChemistry, General

 - 802.3 Chemical OperationsChemical Operations

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 913.3 Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20160701941257
Title:Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on yield and water consumption of winter wheat with different cropping patterns
Authors:Wang, Shunsheng (1); Liu, Dongxin (1); Meng, Pengtao (1); Wang, Kangsan (1); Li, Huanhuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:161-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Yield and water consumption are the reference of crop water-saving and high-yield cultivation. In this paper, the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate fuzzily and comprehensively the water consumption and yield of winter wheat from the 2 levels and 7 indicators of cropping patterns and irrigation treatments. The experiment, from October 2012 to June 2013, was conducted at water test site(34&deg;51&prime; N, 113&deg;49&prime; E) in Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture Farming, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power. Two kinds of planting patterns were designed in the experiment, which were respectively the wide ridge planting pattern and conventional planting pattern. Meanwhile, 3 kinds of irrigation ways were designed for each planting pattern, which were respectively 60%, 70% and 80% of field moisture capacity. The yield and water consumption of winter wheat through field trials were studied using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the yields under the wide ridge planting pattern with 60%, 70% and 80% of field moisture capacity were respectively 6 352.97, 7 589.96 and 7 963.77 kg/hm²; and the water consumption amounts during the whole growth period were respectively 337.91, 398.24 and 443.59 mm. While the corresponding yields and water consumption amounts of conventional planting pattern were respectively 6 202.4, 7 352.33 and 7 801.04 kg/hm²and 364.17, 424.75 and 475.51 mm. Compared with the conventional planting pattern, the yield under the wide ridge planting pattern was higher, and the amount of water consumption during the whole growth period was less. The wide ridge planting pattern had a number of advantages compared with the conventional planting pattern. For example, when it was watering under the wide ridge planting, the rate of flooding was significantly faster, and water in the trench flowed slowly to infiltrate into both sides of the ridge body during the irrigation time. Therefore, the wide ridge planting pattern was much more saving water than the conventional planting pattern. In addition, the wide ridge planting could effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation area, and reduce the amount of water consumption per unit output of winter wheat. The water use efficiency of the treatment with wide ridge planting and 70% of field moisture capacity was 1.91 kg/m³, while that with conventional planting and 60% of field moisture capacity was 1.88 kg/m³. The water use efficiency of winter wheat under the condition of wide ridge planting and 70% of field moisture capacity was the highest, which meant that it was the optimal planting and irrigation mode. The difference between maximum and minimum of water use efficiency was 0.03 kg/m³. Therefore, when the water resource of the area was abundant, the planting and irrigation mode with wide ridge planting and 70% of field moisture capacity could be taken as the best choice; when the water resource of the area was relatively scarce, the best choice was the conventional planting combined with 60% of field moisture capacity. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results are in agreement with the field test results, which indicates the feasibility of this method in the application of water saving irrigation. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Water supply
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Fuzzy set theory - Irrigation - Moisture - Soil moisture - Water conservation - Water management - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation - Irrigation treatments - Moisture evaporation - Planting patterns - Water use efficiency - Water-saving agricultures - Water-saving irrigation - Winter wheat
Classification code:444 Water ResourcesWater Resources

 - 446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set TheoryCombinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20160701941243
Title:Design and experiment of forage grass factory producing installation in alpine region
Authors:Shan, Huajia (1); Wang, Yulong (1); Ma, Jinbao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Wuwei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuwei, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yulong
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:62-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Forage grass is an important material basis and security guarantee for the development of livestock industry. Forage grass with high quality not only provides adequate nutrition for livestock, but also has important impact on the quality of livestock products. Alpine areas are not suitable for planting corn, alfalfa, and other conventional forage grass because of the insufficient accumulated temperature and transient frost-free season. However, the forage grass requirement of herbivorous livestock is large, for example, one sheep requires 657 kg hay per year, and it is very inelastic. In this case, shortage of forage grass has become a key limiting factor of herbivorous animal husbandry development and grassland ecological construction due to the dual pressures of the natural grassland degradation and the grazing blocked by fencing in alpine region. Plant factory is a new agricultural model which can achieve the purpose of efficient crop production by high-precision environmental control in facility. Though research and practice of plant factory in China have achieved the gratifying results in recent years, applying this technology to the forage grass production is still blank. For the energy-saving production of fresh forage grass in poor environment such as the alpine region, a container-type plant factory was designed and tested. To maximize space usage of the production departments, a six-level hydroponic cultivation system(1.5 m&times;0.55 m&times;2.3 m)(length&times;width&times;height) was installed. Semi-automatic control of artificial lighting lamps, automatic water circulation, and automatic heating facilities were used to optimize temperature, humidity, light, nutrient solution, and other environmental factors on forage grass production. In a plant factory, the optimal control for obtaining higher yield and better quality of plants was essential. Optimal regulators with temperature sensing probe and humidity sensing probe were used to control the water status and growth temperature of forage grass, and the nutrient solution was supplied by bottom watering. Light emitting diode (LED) fluorescent lamp was controlled by an automatic timing switch. All installation and debugging of facilities and equipments had been completed in a farming cooperatives of Tianzhu County, Gansu Province. Four batches of forage grass production experiments were carried out in January 2015 in order to test the operation and production capacity of equipment. The ordinary merchandise maize(Jinkai 3) bought from Jin Lvyuan Farming Technology Company was used as the experimental material. Maize after harvest was dried to a moisture content that was below 13% and then threshed for later use. The thousand kernel weight of experimental maize after the screening of impurities and broken grains was 330 g while the germination rate was higher than 85%. Temperature of the forage grass factory under natural conditions was between -21 and -4. According to the dimension of seedling tray used in this experiment(54 cm&times;27 cm&times;6 cm), we set up 5 treatments with different seed quantity of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 g) and each had 5 replicates. The upper and lower limit of the forage grass factory temperature were set to 30 and 26, respectively, and those of relative humidity were set to 85% and 65%, respectively. Supplementary illumination time was from 7:00 to 18:00. The effects of different planting densities on height, growth, root-shoot ratio and other indicators of forage grass were detected under the same conditions. And then the optimum seeding rate and productivity of the system were determined. The first batch of test material was sowed on January 5, 2015. Nine days after planting, the hydroponic forage grass with the seed quantity of 450 g showed the best production performance. The average height and yield were reached 24.96 cm and 1 891.5 g respectively, while the cost reduced to 0.4 yuan producing 1 kg fresh grass. On this calculation, this container-type plant factory could produce 16.33 ton fresh forage grass. Test results show that this factory production installation can meet the needs of pasture plant production in alpine region. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Automation - Containers - Cultivation - Energy conservation - Environmental management - Environmental regulations - Heating - Humidity control - Humidity sensors  - Light emitting diodes - Lighting - Nutrients - Probes - Quality control - Seed - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Alpine regions - Corn - Ecological construction - Experimental materials - Forage grass - Plant factory - Production performance
Classification code:443.2 Meteorological InstrumentationMeteorological Instrumentation

 - 454.2 Environmental Impact and ProtectionEnvironmental Impact and Protection

 - 525.2 Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation

 - 641.1 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

 - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated CircuitsSemiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits

 - 731 Automatic Control Principles and ApplicationsAutomatic Control Principles and Applications

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 913.3 Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20160701941237
Title:Mechanism analysis and experiment of transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar for rice pot seedling
Authors:Zhao, Yun (1); Zhu, Huixuan (1); Xin, Liang (1); Zhou, Maile (1); Feng, Jiang (2); Zhang, Min (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; (2) College of Electric, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:12-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pot seedling transplanting has the advantages of increasing the production, enhancing the fine grain planting area, and so on. The rice pot seedling transplanting will have a good prospect in the future, but at present the application of rice pot seedling transplanting machine is less in China. Since Japan invented the first transplanter for rice pot seeding in 1900s, large agricultural machinery companies have produced their own models in succession, such as Yanmar and Iseki. The materials and manufacture technologies have been improved through about 40 years' development, but the basic structure and working principle are still kept at the same level. All the transplanting machines use 3 sets of mechanism to complete 3 kinds of movements i.e. picking, transporting and planting. The existing machines have the disadvantages of complex structure, high cost and low efficiency. In order to further improve the rice seedling transplanting quality, the transmission changes with the B spline fitting noncircular gears instead of the eccentric gears. Because the instantaneous transmission ratio of the noncircular gear periodically changes according to a certain rule, the mechanism can achieve constant transmission. Therefore, after the optimization, it is much easier to achieve the ideal trajectory and attitude than the eccentric gear transmission mechanism. Based on the structure of the rice seedling transplanter with double-crank five-bar mechanism, aimed at the important driving part, this study has developed the simple transplanting mechanism for rice pot seedling based on B spline fitting curve, i.e. transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar for rice pot seedling. Transmission analysis for fitting gear pitch curves of the mechanism is carried out and the kinematic model of transplanting mechanism is established. A computer-aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar for rice pot seedling is developed on the Matrix Laboratory GUI platform. Through tuning the data points by man-machine interaction, the pitch curve of noncircular gear is optimized and the structural parameters are obtained, which can meet the demand of track and attitude in the transplanting process for rice pot seedling. In entity modeling module, the three-dimensional (3D) model of transplanting mechanism parts is built, the components are assembled, and the interference checking of 3D model assembly is finished. Then, the two-dimensional (2D) engineering drawings are generated. The virtual prototype simulation is carried out by the automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems, and the simulation results initially showed the design of mechanism is rational. The core component of transplanting mechanism is machined, and then fit together and used for experimental study on the test shelf. Through the bench test, the rationality and effectiveness of the parameters of transplanting mechanism are validated. In the process of pot seedling transplanting, the excessive transplanting frequency will make the seedling damaged, broken or thrown out, and on the contrary it will affect the operation efficiency. Therefore the selection of suitable transplanting frequency plays an important role in the process of pot seedling transplanting. Taking the pincette opening span, the grasping force of pincette and the pinching frequency as factors, the damaged seedling rate and the missed seedling rate in hill as evaluation indices, the quadric regression orthogonal revolving combination experiment is conducted. By using the Design-Expert 7.0 software, the analysis results further verify the design of transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar is reasonable. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Splines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Computer aided analysis - Curve fitting - Dynamic mechanical analysis - Efficiency - Gears - Interpolation - Kinematics - Machine design  - Mechanisms - Optimization - Shape optimization - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems - Bench experiment - Parameter optimization - Rice pot seedling - Three dimensional (3-D) modeling - Transplanting mechanisms - Virtual prototype simulation - Virtual simulations
Classification code:462.4 ProstheticsProsthetics

 - 601 Mechanical DesignMechanical Design

 - 723.5 Computer ApplicationsComputer Applications

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and EquipmentAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

 - 921.6 Numerical MethodsNumerical Methods

 - 931.1 MechanicsMechanics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20160701941278
Title:Near-infrared spectrum detection of fish oil eicosapentaenoic acid content based on combinational filtering
Authors:Cai, Jianhua (1); Hu, Weiwen (1); Wang, Xianchun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Information Institute, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:312-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The near-infrared(NIR) spectral analysis technology has become an important method in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of fish oil. Yet the absorption spectrum signal of fish oil is generally weak. Especially, when the NIR spectrum is applied to the component analysis, part of the spectrum peaks are often submerged in the noise and difficult to be identified. In order to improve the accuracy of non-destructive detection of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) content of fish oil, a combined method was proposed to conduct the pretreatment of fish oil NIR spectrum based on the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) and the morphological filtering. The principle and steps of the method were given. Firstly, derivative spectra were decomposed into a series of modal functions based on the EMD, including high-order and low-order modal function. Then the high-order part and low-order part were separated to deal with respectively. For low-order modal function, the mathematical morphology filtering method and the adaptive threshold de-noising method were used to de-noise to retain useful spectral data as much as possible. For high-order modal function, smoothing filter was used to eliminate baseline drift. Then the sum of 2 parts was determined as the de-noised spectrum. Finally, after de-noising, the correlation analysis was conducted between spectral data and the EPA chemical composition data in fish oil. The partial least squares regression was adopted to establish the prediction model, and the EPA content of fish oil was calculated from the de-noised spectrum. The spectra of 48 fish oil samples were collected using a portable NIR spectrometer(Mini-AOTF/(NIR)), which was produced by Brimrose company in the United States of America. The model of the NIR spectrometer was Luminar 5030, the wavelength range was 2 300~1 300 nm, the wavelength increment was 2 nm and the scanning time was 600. Randomly, 28 fish oil samples were selected and marked as calibration set, and 20 fish oil samples were selected as validation set. The nine-point smoothing method, the wavelet soft-threshold, the morphological wavelet and the proposed method were respectively used as pretreatment method to deal with the spectrum. Then the EPA content of fish oil was calculated based on the de-noised spectrum and a comparative analysis of their results was conducted. The filtering method and the statistical analysis were implemented in Matlab 7.0.1. The result of the presented method was compared with that of the nine-point smoothing method which was the most traditional method. It could be seen that the signal-noise ratio(SNR) was improved from 14 to 35 dB, and the root mean square error(RMSE) between raw signal and de-noised signal was reduced from 0.005 71 to 0.002 26. These embodied the proposed method had a good performance in the retention and resistance to noise. The determination coefficient of the prediction set was improved from 0.959 3 to 0.987 9, and the RMSE was reduced from 0.060 1 to 0.031 2. The model prediction accuracy was improved. And the treatment effect was also better than the wavelet soft-threshold method or the morphological wavelet method which were widely used in the preprocessing of the spectrum. The experimental results showed that the proposed method combined the advantages of EMD and mathematical morphology filter. Under the premise that real details of fish oil spectrum signal were kept, the noise was attenuated at the maximum degree. After de-noising, the spectrum peak which was submerged in noise became clear and easy to be identified, and the quality of spectrum data was improved effectively. These improve that the proposed combined method is effective to conduct the pretreatment of NIR spectrum of fish oil and improves the accuracy of NIR spectrum detection of fish oil EPA content. The combination of EMD and morphological filtering also provides a new way for NIR spectra de-noising. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Spectrum analysis
Controlled terms:Absorption spectroscopy - Chemical analysis - Fish - Forecasting - Functions - Infrared devices - Infrared spectrometers - Least squares approximations - Mathematical morphology - Mean square error  - Modal analysis - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Signal detection - Signal processing - Signal to noise ratio - Spectrometers - Spectrometry - Spectroscopy - Unsaturated fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:De-noising - Empirical Mode Decomposition - Fish oil - Morphological filtering - Near infrared spectra
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal ProcessingInformation Theory and Signal Processing

 - 741.3 Optical Devices and SystemsOptical Devices and Systems

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 921.6 Numerical MethodsNumerical Methods

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

 - 941.4 Optical Variables MeasurementsOptical Variables Measurements

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20160701941255
Title:Aerated irrigation enhancing quality and irrigation water use efficiency of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse
Authors:Li, Yuan (1); Niu, Wenquan (1, 2); Xu, Jian (1); Zhang, Ruochan (2); Wang, Jingwei (1); Zhang, Mingzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, China; (2) College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Wenquan(nwq@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:147-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is plagued by poor quality and low yields that muskmelon production in the semi-arid climate in China. In addition to soil water, it is well-known that muskmelon plant roots require an adequate and continuous supply of soil air in order to respire, grow, develop, and function normally. Rhizosphere hypoxia effects influence crop yield, shoot and root growth, and quality of production negatively. Hypoxia causes stomatal closure and reduction in transpiration rate, photosynthesis and leaf chlorophyll as well as protein content. Artificial aeration has been shown to promote root metabolism and growth, also it enhanced nutrient absorption and soil redoxase enzyme activity as well as accelerated the growth and yield of vegetables. In this context, under sub-surface drip irrigation, in the wetted portion of the root zone, the possibility of hypoxia is almost certain, especially in heavy soils with slow internal drainage and during the period immediately after irrigation. It was hypothesized that varying the irrigation rate, aeration frequencies and amount along with the depth of the drip irrigation tubing would result in different yield and quality of muskmelon. To explore the influence of root zone aeration frequency, lateral depths of subsurface drip irrigation belt and irrigation amount on fruit yield, quality and irrigation water were used efficiency of muskmelon. The experiment was implemented from April to July 2014 in a 108 m long and 8 m wide greenhouse (E108&deg;02&prime;, N34&deg;17&prime;), located, at Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. A fractional factorial experiment was designed to study the root system responding to 3 levels of sub-surface drip irrigation in combination with drip-tubing placed at each of 3 depths in the soil, and 4 levels of artificial soil aeration. Based on wetting the soil volume (Vs) in 0.60 cm of the soil profile (V<inf>s</inf>= 5.5 m²&times;0.6 m), the irrigation levels were designated as 70%, 80%, and 90% of the gravimetric field capacity, and the drip irrigation placement depths were 10, 25, and 40 cm below the surface of the ridge. Artificial aeration treatments were none or aeration at daily, 2-day, and 4-day intervals. The volume of air in each plot was injected into the drip tubing via a manifold connected to the air compressor. These studies suggest that according to the influence degree on fruit shape(fruit length, diameter and flesh thickness), yield and quality(total soluble solids, soluble protein, titratable acid, soluble sugar and vitamin C content), these factors can be arranged as follow(descending): aeration frequencies, depths of subsurface drip irrigation, irrigation amount; for the use of irrigation water use efficiency of muskmelon. Aeration was suggested to be applied once a day and lateral depths of subsurface drip irrigation was 25 cm, which have positive impact on muskmelon yield, quality (total soluble solids, soluble protein, titratable acid, soluble sugar and vitamin C content), fruit shape(fruit length, diameter and flesh thickness) and irrigation water use efficiency. The content of total soluble solid can reach the maximum when water soil content attended to 80% of the field capacity; the content of total soluble sugar, yield and irrigation water use efficiency can reach the maximum when irrigation amount attended to 70% of the field capacity. Therefore, based on production, quality and water use efficiency, aerating once a day, lateral depth was 25 cm and 70% field capacity would be the most appropriate treatment combination for starting irrigation grows of muskmelon in the plastic greenhouse. For the observed responses, the information on how the muskmelon adapt to artificial soil aeration would provide guidance for field production practices as well as indications of possible mechanisms. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Enzyme activity - Fruits - Greenhouses - Plant shutdowns - Proteins - Quality control - Soil moisture - Soils - Subirrigation  - Tubing - Water - Water supply - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Fractional factorial experiments - Irrigation water use efficiency - Muskmelon - Quality of production - Subsurface drip irrigation - Treatment combinations - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply SystemsWater Supply Systems

 - 461.9 BiologyBiology

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and PipelinesPipe, Piping and Pipelines

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 913.3 Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20160701941238
Title:Series actuator end integrated positioning analysis based-on multilayer perceptron neural network
Authors:Hu, Yanzhu (1); Li, Leiyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:22-29
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is difficult to establish Jacobian matrix and determine the coordinate frames of links for non-standard actuator. A new analytical method to establish the Jacobian matrix and determine the coordinate frames for joints and links are proposed in this paper. The proposed method made the positioning analysis of end-effector easier in space. At the same time, it is necessary to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method theoretically and verify the localization and configuration capabilities through simulations. First of all, forward kinematics model was set up based on a non-standard five Degree Of Freedom(5-DOF) actuator. A frame transformation is performed from base coordinate to end-effector coordinate. The relation between two adjacent joints is defined by a homogenous pose matrix. Secondly, the necessary and sufficient conditions for comprehensive localization are derived. They can guide the actuator to perform various tasks, such as tracking, assembly and autonomous grasping. A 5-DOF actuator is considered here as an example and this holds good for any N-DOF. Thirdly, inverse kinematics solutions are obtained by using artificial Neural Network(NN) based on back-propagation Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP, multilayer perceptron NN) and are not unique. A unique solution using nonlinear minimization optimization is found. A NN based on supervisory learning method including three inputs, twenty neurons and five outputs has been used. Excitation function tansigmoid and linear excitation function pureline are in hidden and outer layers respectively. In Cartesian coordinate space, NN is trained by means of Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The training sets used are Denav Hartenberg(DH) parameters and Cartesian coordinates. The weights are updated continuously which reduces the Mean Square Error(MSE) gradually. When MSE reaches the threshold set up, NN training will be terminated. After training, the test sets are used to examine the capability of NN. Fourthly, there are two evaluation functions viz., localization and cost functions. The localization function is defined to evaluate the positioning property of end-effector. At the same time, in task space, it will check whether the actuator has reached the target point along the direction needed or not. The cost function is defined to evaluate the kinematics configuration. There is a great relevance between cost function and Jacobian matrix. Velocity mapping from each joint to the end-effector was described by Jacobian matrix. So the cost function could give expression for kinematic configuration. At the end, simulations and experiments are conducted. The settings include industrial computer UNO2184G, 5-DOF non-standard actuator, Windows 7, MATLAB2012a. Coordinate frames for each joint are established and D-H parameters are determined. Then relative pose matrix is obtained between each of the two adjacent joints. Initial end-effector pose is obtained following right multiplication rule. The end-effector space range is formed under each joint operation range. Then, simulation is performed using NN, obtained localization and cost functions. The following results are obtained. The rank of Jacobian matrix is equal to 5. Therefore, this actuator met necessary and sufficient conditions for comprehensive positioning. NN method for solving inverse kinematics has reduced the computational complexity compared to conventional method. There are 21 groups of solutions when positioning to(41.4, 89.0, 104.5). The optimal solution obtained is(21.61, 91.44, 135.52, 221.42, 0) according to localization function rule. The optimal solution obtained according to cost function rule is(21.61, 125.73, 108.42, 221.99.41, 0). NN accuracy is 89.9%(approximately) while conventional method is 87.5%. By approximate estimation, the errors for &theta;<inf>1</inf>, &theta;<inf>2</inf>, &theta;<inf>3</inf>, &theta;<inf>4</inf>and &theta;<inf>5</inf>are 3.7&deg;, 3.1&deg;, 3.5&deg;, 3.3&deg;and 4.5&deg;respectively. NN used 1.2 seconds while conventional method completed in 0.9 seconds. Therefore, computation accuracy has improved by 20% and efficiency by 2.4%. If the system is linear, the conventional method is chosen when less demand in real-time. In contrast, if the system is nonlinear, new method proposed in this paper is chosen when more demand in real-time. The minimum value of localization function is 0.96. The maximum value of cost function is 4.0349&times;10¹⁴. These two parameters decide the comprehensive positioning and the kinematics configuration. From the results presented, it can be concluded that the non-standard actuator with MLP has better localization and optimal configuration. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Inverse problems
Controlled terms:Actuators - Backpropagation - Complex networks - Control - Cost functions - Costs - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - End effectors - Function evaluation - Inverse kinematics  - Jacobian matrices - Kinematics - Machinery - Manipulators - Matrix algebra - Mean square error - Mechanization - Models - Multilayers - Neural networks  - Optimal systems
Uncontrolled terms:Approximate estimation - End-effector coordinates - Integrated Positioning - Inverse kinematics solutions - Kinematic configuration - Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm - Multi layer perceptron - Multi-layer perceptron neural networks
Classification code:601 Mechanical DesignMechanical Design

 - 722 Computer Systems and EquipmentComputer Systems and Equipment

 - 723.4 Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence

 - 731.5 RoboticsRobotics

 - 732.1 Control EquipmentControl Equipment

 - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial EconomicsCost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

 - 931.1 MechanicsMechanics

 - 961 Systems ScienceSystems Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20160701941266
Title:Effects of high temperature on leaf stomatal traits and gas exchange parameters of blueberry
Authors:Zhu, Yu (1, 2); Huang, Lei (3); Dang, Chenghua (4); Wang, Hexin (2); Jiang, Guobin (3); Li, Genzhu (2); Zhang, Zichuan (2); Lou, Xin (2); Zheng, Yunpu (4, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Life science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China; (2) Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian, China; (3) College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Nationality University, Dalian, China; (4) School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China; (5) Research Center of Water Ecological Civilization and Social Management, Handan, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Yunpu(zhengyunpu_000@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:218-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Blueberry is one of the most important fruit trees all over the world and also the major economic tree species cultivated in China. Blueberry was suggested to be planted only in Northern China, because the warmer climate in Southern China could not meet its chilling duration. Several blueberry cultivars have recently been introduced to subtropical China and these cultivars can blossom and bear fruits. However, the temperature in subtropical China often approach 40 or even higher in summer, and thus high temperature has become the most significant abiotic stress limiting the growth and production of blueberry in this area. Meanwhile, previous studies also reported that the heat endurance ability varied with different blueberry cultivars. In this study, we examined the effects of high temperatures on the leaf stomatal traits and gas exchange of blueberry cultivars with four growth chambers controlling different high temperatures including control (25), mild high temperature(30), moderate high temperature(35), and severe high temperature (40). Two-year-old seedlings of three highbush blueberry cultivars including 'O'Neal', 'Gulfcoast', and 'Blue Ridge' were selected from field plots and transplanted into pots (10 cm diameter &times; 25 cm long) filled with fritted clay (one plant per pot) and grown in a greenhouse with an average temperature of 25/20(day/night) and about 1 000 &mu;mol m^-2&middot;s^-1photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in natural sun light, and 60%~75% relative humidity for 30 d(March-April 2014) to establish canopy. During the establishment period, plants were irrigated to water-holding capacity daily and fertilized once per week with half-strength Hoagland's solution. We selected 20 healthy and uniform growth plants for each cultivar and then randomly planted the plants into each of four walk-in growth chambers (5 plants for each cultivar), where the temperature was determined as 25, 30, 35, or 40, respectively. Other environmental factors maintained throughout all the four chambers include humidity (60%~75%), light intensity (1 000 &mu;mol m^-2&middot;s^-1PAR), photoperiod (light on at 8 am, and off at 8 pm), soil type (fritted clay, same brand and package for all), water amount (200 ml, watered once per week), and nutrition type (plain tap water). Plants were fertilized once weekly with half-strength Hoagland's solution throughout the growth period. In order to minimize confounding effects of environmental variation between different chambers, we randomly changed the temperature of each growth chamber every week, and then we relocated the high temperature treated plants to the growth chambers with corresponding temperature. The large volume of the pot with frequent watering and fertilization ensured enough space for root growth and ample nutrient supply to avoid "bonsai effect". Our results showed that comparing with the control, high temperatures increased the stomatal density of Gulfcoast and Blue Ridge, but had little effect on the stomatal density of O'Neal(P&gt;0.05). Moderate high temperature increased the stomatal aperture width, stomatal aperture length, and stomatal area of O'Neal and Blue Ridge, whereas the stomatal aperture length of Gulfcoast was significantly reduced by 23.5% under moderate high temperature(P&lt;0.05) compared with the mild high temperature(30). High temperatures resulted in a more regular stomatal distribution pattern on the leaves of O'Neal, while had little effect on the stomatal distribution pattern of Gulfcoast and Blue Ridge. Mild and moderate high temperatures significantly increased the net photosynthetic rates (P<inf>n</inf>), stomatal conductance (G<inf>s</inf>) and transpiration rates(T<inf>r</inf>) of the three blueberry cultivars, whereas the severe high temperature caused them sharply decrease, although their maximum values varied across the three cultivars. In Conclusion, high temperatures increased the efficiency of leaf gas exchange by adjusting the structural characteristics and optimizing the spatial distribution pattern of stomata on the leaves of the south highbush blueberry. However, the ability of optimization for stomatal structure and function in the leaves of the south highbush blueberry was cultivar dependent, and thus resulted in the different responses to high temperatures in leaf gas exchange across cultivars, especially for heat stress resistance under extremely high temperature. Our results may not only be helpful for further understanding the potential mechanisms of high temperatures on leaf gas exchange of south highbush blueberry from the changes in leaf stomatal traits, but also provide theory for the selection and introduction of heat tolerance cultivars. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:60
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Environmental chambers - Forestry - Fruits - Gases - Heat resistance - Optimization - Orchards - Seed - Stresses  - Structural optimization - Temperature - Thermal stress
Uncontrolled terms:Blueberry - Distribution patterns - Environmental variations - Heat stress - Leaf gas exchange - Photosynthetic active radiations - Spatial distribution patterns - Structural characteristics
Classification code:641.1 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

 - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and SolidsPhysical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20160701941276
Title:Design and experiment of fresh corn quality detection classifier based on machine vision
Authors:Gao, Xinhao (1); Liu, Bin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Mechanical and Electrial Engineering, Suzhou Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou, China; (2) Hebei Provincial Key laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:298-303
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the deep processing of fresh corn, the detection and classification of fresh corn quality are an important but tedious process. The traditional treatment needs a lot of experienced workers to complete this operation, while the results of product quality detection and classification are affected by the subjective experience factors. In order to ensure product quality and increase productivity, an automatic detection and classification algorithm for corn product quality and the equipment are designed in this paper. This automatic device consists of the vision acquisition module, detection and classification control module and execution control module. The vision acquisition module acquires the images of products through the cameras which are installed on the device. In the equipment design process, 2 work stations are designed to capture the images of fresh corn in different view, and the position of fresh corn product is rolled over by a designed mechanical device which is driven by a step motor. In order to provide high quality images for the detection and classification, a light emitting diode (LED) light source is installed near the camera and lighting the measured product during the process of image acquisition; the detection and classification control module is the control core, and it accomplishes the image filtering, texture feature extraction and product classification. In the end of detection and classification operation, this module will export the control instruction to the execution control module. The execution module consists of motion control card, servo controller and servo motor. Using these components, this module moves for special degrees according to the control instruction, and sends the measured products to the designated storage location. In the detection and classification algorithm design process, the computer vision technology is used to detect the fresh corn images and extract texture feature of image. At first, we capture the fresh corn images from different angles of view, and then the texture features of fresh corn images are calculated through the wavelet analysis. In this algorithm, the high-frequency components of texture feature in the horizontal, vertical and diagonal direction are calculated respectively; based on the analysis of texture feature, the separation degree of texture feature is measured by the maximum visual entropy function. The difference between different categories is obtained by comparing with the texture feature of corn products. At the same time, the weight criterion is coordinated with the vision detection algorithm to complete the product detection and classification. According to the texture feature and entropy criterion, the fresh corn products are divided into the following 5 categories, which are peel not clear, pest pollution, no grain damage, minor grain damage and serious grain damage. The equipment prototype has been tested in laboratory, and the experiment results show that the different species, size and broken level of fresh corn can be detected and classified using this device, and the pest pollution product can be eliminated effectively. The average speed of quality detection and classification reaches 1 500 kg per hour, and the effective composite classification rate reaches 99% for the fresh corn with different weight and size; for different damaged corn products, the effective classification rate reaches 92%, which is lower than the composite classification rate. The analysis finds that it is caused by the image acquisition environment and graininess of entropy criterion in the image processing algorithm. In the process of image acquisition, the irradiating degree and illumination of LED light source affect the quality of images. At the same time, the thicker the entropy graininess, the coarser the product detection and classification; the finer the entropy graininess is, the more time the calculation spends. In the future, we will carry out the research on the image acquisition environment construction and the entropy criterion parameter optimization. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Cameras - Classification (of information) - Classifiers - Computer vision - Controllers - Crops - Entropy - Equipment - Feature extraction  - Grain (agricultural product) - Image acquisition - Image analysis - Image processing - Image texture - Light emitting diodes - Light sources - Optimization - Pollution - Product design  - Stepping motors - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Classification algorithm - Computer vision technology - Environment constructions - High frequency components - Image processing algorithm - Subjective experiences - Texture feature extraction - Texture features
Classification code:641.1 ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

 - 705.3 Electric MotorsElectric Motors

 - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated CircuitsSemiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits

 - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal ProcessingInformation Theory and Signal Processing

 - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and ApplicationsComputer Software, Data Handling and Applications

 - 732.1 Control EquipmentControl Equipment

 - 742.2 Photographic EquipmentPhotographic Equipment

 - 802.1 Chemical Plants and EquipmentChemical Plants and Equipment

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 901 Engineering ProfessionEngineering Profession

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 913.3 Quality Assurance and ControlQuality Assurance and Control

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20160701941240
Title:Virtual assembly of man-machine interactive mechanical seed-metering device based on matter-element identification
Authors:Liu, Hongxin (1); Jia, Ru (1); Zhou, Xingyu (1); Fu, Lulu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:38-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Application of interactive and intelligent virtual reality assembly technology is still at the starting stage in China, especially in the field of agricultural machinery design and manufacture. In order to complete intelligent virtual assembly of complex mechanical seed-metering device, and integrate innovation achievements plus professional knowledge of the 2B-JP-FX series mechanical seed-metering device with double cavity composite plate, shorten design and development cycle, the 2B-JP-FX series of mechanical seed-metering device with double cavity composite plate were studied, and the man-machine interactive virtual assembly system was proposed based on matter-element identification. The concept of assembly matter-element is proposed, which is defined as general designation of assembly levels which includes assembly reference elements, type of assembly constraints and assembly direction. All the assembly information of assembly basic element and part can be expressed completely and accurately by the information of assembly matter-element. To realize assemble matter-element information identified and extracted by the intelligent assembly system, the assembly intention captured and assembly matter-element information was encoded into semantic encoding. Encoding rules meet the characteristics of integrality, universality, characteristic, uniqueness, comprehensiveness, computability and cleanness. Then, corresponding assembly reference element should be built, and assembly matter-element encoding identified in the 3D model file, so that encoding can be extracted by program. To transform assembly information into assembly constraints, and intelligently guide automatic assembly, the intelligent assembly system based on assembly matter-element identification was designed, with Visual Basic acting as development language and CATIA software as secondary development tool, and assisted by man-machine interface. CATIA software was accessed out-of-process through VB, then the assembly matter-element identification of all components were extracted, and the rules of corresponding information extraction were formulated based on the rules of assembly the matter-element identification, thus assembly information could be extracted and integrated, and was converted to assembly constraints. To make the system function more modular and operation simple, and meet a wide range of user groups, organic combination of human cognitive and logical operations of computer, a human-computer interaction interface was set in intelligent virtual assembly system. Main function of the interface was selection of the assembly sequence and guide of assembly. Results of system test proved that the system has got anticipated results, with rapid and accurate assembly of seed-metering device 3D model. The general rules of matter-element identification assembly was obtained, which was the basis of effectiveness and feasibility of the intelligent virtual assembly system. The system can not only propose an advanced virtual simulation method for researching the 2B-JP-FX series seed-metering device, but also lay technological foundation for digital repository of seed-metering device. Meanwhile, it provides reference for intelligent virtual assembly of other complicated mechanical equipment. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Human computer interaction
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Assembly - Encoding (symbols) - Intelligent systems - Machine design - Mechanization - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Semantics - Virtual prototyping  - Virtual reality - Visual BASIC - Visual languages
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - CATIA - Matter elements - Seed metering devices - Virtual assembly
Classification code:601 Mechanical DesignMechanical Design

 - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and MachineryPneumatic Equipment and Machinery

 - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and ApplicationsComputer Software, Data Handling and Applications

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and EquipmentAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20160701941247
Title:Improvement on characteristics of air flow field in cold storage with uniform air supply duct
Authors:Liu, Xiaofei (1); Nan, Xiaohong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
Corresponding author:Nan, Xiaohong(nanxh@xauat.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:91-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The cold storage of fruit and vegetable has higher request for the uniformity of temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. The air-cooler with uniform air supply duct can meet the condition of fruit and vegetable storage better. The authors chose a cold storage of apples as a research object and explored the velocity, temperature and relative humidity fields under two different conditions: one used the distribution system and the other did not. Then a combination of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculation and experimental study was carried out to further understand the complicated phenomenon of air flow and heat transfer in cold storage. A three dimension physical and numerical model for flow, heat and mass transfer inside the air-cooler(with uniform air supply duct)-cargo-air in the cold storage was developed. The k-&Epsilon; turbulent model was considered as CFD model. The apple zone was regarded as porous medium zone. When the inlet temperature was 271.15K, inlet velocity was 8.48 m/s and inlet relative humidity was 90%, the velocity, temperature and relative humidity distributions were simulated by CFD software. The simulation results were validated by experimental results. The main instruments for experiment included thermal anemometer ZRQF-F30J and infrared thermometer EC-8399. The total amount of 16 measurement points were tested at following air-cooler inlet parameters: 271.15 K, 8.48m/s and relative humidity 90%, and the air supply system was a uniform air supply duct. The relative difference of the temperature between simulation value and experimental data at 13 measurement points was less than 15%, occupying 81.25% of total measurement points. The numerical results were in good agreement with the measured results. Simulation results showed that the maximum difference in temperature was 0.8 K for the cold storage equipped with a uniform air supply duct and 1.2 K the cold storage without uniform air supply duct. The maximum difference in temperature for the cold storage with uniform air supply duct was 33.33% lower than that without the uniform air supply duct. The maximum difference in relative humidity was 5% for the cold storage equipped with a uniform air supply duct, and 7% when the cold storage without uniform air supply duct. The maximum difference in relative humidity for the cold storage with uniform air supply duct was 28.75% lower than that without the uniform air supply duct. Further, the non-uniformity coefficient and air diffusion performance index(ADPI) were introduced to assess the fields. The total amount of 780 measurement points were selected, which were uniformly distributed and the step length of three coordinate directions was 1 m in the studied cold storage. Both of the non-uniformity coefficient and air diffusion performance index (ADPI) was computational by gathered velocity, temperature and relative humidity of every measurement points. When the uniform air supply duct was installed in the cold storage, the non-uniformity coefficient of air velocity was 22.65% lower than the cold storage without uniform air supply duct. The non-uniformity coefficient of temperature was 20% lower than the cold storage without uniform air supply duct. The non-uniformity coefficient of relative humidity was 22.73% lower than the cold storage without uniform air supply duct. The value of ADPI was 11.13% higher than the cold storage without uniform air supply duct. Thus, the air velocity, temperature and relative humidity fields were more uniform in the cold storage which had the uniform air supply duct. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Air quality - Cold storage - Computational fluid dynamics - Cooling systems - Digital storage - Ducts - Flow fields - Fruits - Heat transfer - Mass transfer  - Porous materials - Vegetables - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air diffusion performance indices - Air distribution - Air supply - CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Heat and mass transfer - Infrared thermometers - Non-uniformities - Temperature and relative humidity
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution ControlAir Pollution Control

 - 631.1 Fluid Flow, GeneralFluid Flow, General

 - 641.2 Heat TransferHeat Transfer

 - 641.3 Mass TransferMass Transfer

 - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and ComponentsRefrigeration Equipment and Components

 - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and TechniquesData Storage, Equipment and Techniques

 - 723.5 Computer ApplicationsComputer Applications

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

 - 951 Materials ScienceMaterials Science

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20160701941277
Title:Moisture diffusion and transfer dynamic analysis of eggplant during vacuum freeze-drying based on image processing technique
Authors:Li, Xiaobin (1); Guo, Yuming (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Fu, Lihong (2); Zhang, Jing (1); Qiu, Shujin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China; (2) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Yuming(guoyuming99@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:304-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vacuum freeze-drying, which is the transformation from ice to vapor without passing through the liquid phase, has a wide application in the food industry and is now increasingly being used in the agricultural products processing because the absence of heating in this process preserves nutrients and sensory characteristics within the fruits and vegetables. However, the sublimation process makes freeze-drying operation expensive to use. Therefore, it is important to research moisture diffusion and transfer process within fruits and vegetables. This paper provides a new experimental method based on image processing technique to estimate moisture ratio of eggplant samples by analyzing moisture diffusion and transfer process. Eggplant samples were bought from local supermarket, and the experiment was carried out at the mechanics laboratory of Shanxi agricultural university in 2015. After cleaning and peeling, eggplants were cut into 10 mm&times;10 mm&times;10 mm cube samples by a sharp self-made knife, 30 regular samples (TA) and another 30 samples (TB) were chosen and frozen in a refrigerator at -40 for 10~12 h. However, TB would be treated by high pulsed electric field before freezing while TA without any treatments. After that, TA and TB were dried by JDG-0.2 vacuum freeze-drying machine. Meanwhile, section images of TA and TB were captured by a CCD camera with LED light source by 1h interval until drying end for 6h, and the mass of samples were measured simultaneously for calculating moisture ratio. All images, saved in RGB color model, were segmented with K-means clustering method, pseudo-color image processing method and automatic threshold segmentation method. Three cluster images were obtained with K-Means and pseudo-color method, and only No.3 cluster was fit for further segmentation. Automatic threshold segmentation method was able to extract non-freeze-drying area (white pixel) correctly. After thresholding, sobel edge detection method was used to extract the boundary of non-freeze-drying area. In order to obtain a boundary whose width was one pixel, a skeletal image processing method was used for treating the boundary. After that, displacement field was used to express the displacement change of moisture boundary during vacuum freeze-drying process. Geometric center of samples as the origin point of the coordinate system was established, and the dynamic change process of moisture boundary was shown clearly by means of six images overlapping. The Harris corner detection method was used to find the corner points on the boundary, and extract coordinate values of corner points which intersect the coordinate axis, displacement of the two adjacent points was calculated by 1h interval. SAS software was carried out to analyze correlation relationship between the displacement change of moisture boundary and moisture ratio. Regression analysis results showed that significant test probabilities of moisture ratio model was less than 0.000 1, and the coefficients of determination(R²) was 0.999 8, which indicated that the model test was very significant and had quite strong explain ability and high fitting accuracy on original variable. Test results of regressive coefficient showed that the displacement of the four corner points and moisture-ratio-squared of the material were very significant(P&lt;0.000 1). In other words, moisture ratio can be expressed and predicted by the displacement field of the moisture boundary. In summary, the mentioned model not only provides a new monitoring method of moisture ratio, but also gives a foundation of monitoring moisture ratio for other drying processes. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural products - Agriculture - CCD cameras - Clustering algorithms - Color - Diffusion - Drying - Edge detection - Electric fields  - Freezing - Fruits - Image analysis - Image processing - Image segmentation - Light emitting diodes - Light sources - Low temperature drying - Moisture - Moisture control  - Moisture determination - Pixels - Processing - Regression analysis - Thermal processing (foods) - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Eggplant - High pulsed electric fields - Image processing - methods - Image processing technique - K-means clustering method - Moisture diffusion - Moisture Measurement - Vacuum-freeze drying
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and PhenomenaElectricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena

 - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated CircuitsSemiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits

 - 741.1 Light/OpticsLight/Optics

 - 802.3 Chemical OperationsChemical Operations

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 822.2 Food Processing OperationsFood Processing Operations

 - 903.1 Information Sources and AnalysisInformation Sources and Analysis

 - 913.4 ManufacturingManufacturing

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

 - 944.2 Moisture MeasurementsMoisture Measurements

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 41>

Accession number:20160701941249
Title:Internal flow field simulation of concentrated wind energy device
Authors:Tian, De (1); Mao, Xiao'e (1); Lin, Junjie (1); Deng, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:104-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Concentrated wind energy device is the core component of concentrated wind energy turbine, and its structure determines output power of the wind turbine. To enhance the efficiency of the concentrated wind energy turbine, a geometry model and mesh model were built by the three-dimensional modeling software and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software with the concentrated wind energy device as the research object. Based on the model, the feasibility of the numerical simulation method applied in this study was verified by adopting the vehicle-mounted method. The van carrying the model could produce the natural wind field with different flow velocity by running along a straight road with different speeds. When the speed of the van was adjusted properly, the flow speed of the produced natural wind field was 10 m/s. The total pressure(Pt) and static pressure (Ps) at different axial and radial points inside the model without impeller and generator were measured by pitot tube and digital pressure gauge. The simulation and experiment results of the flow velocity variation trends at each test point were roughly the same. So the conclusion could be made that the simulation model is reliable and results are credible. Based on the CFD software analysis of the fluid field, the wind flow was simulated in a specific wind field. The fluid medium was the air with temperature of 296.75 K. The velocity-inlet and pressure-outlet were adopted. The inlet velocity was set to 10 m/s and the gauge pressure of the outlet was set to 0 Pa. Other boundaries were set as stationary wall and no slip. Then the research was performed to research the influence of different turbulence models on the internal flow field. These four kinds of turbulence models were Spalart-Allmaras model, Standard &kappa;-&Epsilon; model, Standard &kappa;-&omega; model and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). According to the calculation results, we could get the radial and axial velocity distribution of concentrated wind energy device in different turbulence models. In the Spalart-Allmaras model and Standard &kappa;-&Epsilon; model, the inlet velocity and outlet velocity were roughly the same, which did not accord with the actual situation of the device. And in the RSM, the flow velocity near the wall appeared unstable and fluctuating, which did not match the experiment results either. However, in the Standard &kappa;-&omega; model, the flow velocity in the diffuser changed slightly. Therefore, we can conclude that Standard &kappa;-&omega; model is more suitable for the internal flow field simulation of concentrated wind energy device than other models. Based on the above mesh model and turbulence model, internal flow field characteristics of concentrated wind energy devices were simulated and analyzed with different dimensional parameters. The results showed that when the reducer angle was 80&deg;and the inlet diameter was 1272 mm, the internal flow field had the maximum velocity of 26.10 m/s, and the rate of velocity increase was 8.98%. When the diffuser angle was 80&deg;and diffuser length was 322 mm, the maximum velocity of internal flow field was 26.16 m/s, and the rate of velocity increase was 9.23%. When the central cylinder length was 297 mm, the maximum velocity was 24.91 m/s, and the rate of velocity increase was 4.0%. Therefore, a pattern could be summarized that the diffuser angle has greater influence than reducer angle and central cylinder length. At last, the internal flow field of an optimized model was simulated under different inflow wind speeds to analyze the influence of inflow wind speed on the internal flow field. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the maximum velocity of the flow field and inflow wind speed. And it could be concluded that the concentrated wind energy device has the advantage of high concentration efficiency. All the results and conclusions can provide a basis for the structure optimization of concentrated wind energy device, and the optimized structure can significantly improve the quality of wind energy and output power of wind turbines. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Air - Aircraft propulsion - Computational geometry - Computer simulation - Concentration (process) - Cyclone separators - Cylinders (shapes) - Energy efficiency - Flow fields - Flow velocity  - Inlet flow - Mesh generation - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Reynolds number - Speed - Structural optimization - Turbulence models - Velocity  - Velocity distribution - Walls (structural partitions) - Wind - Wind effects - Wind power - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Axial-velocity distribution - CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Concentrated wind energies - Dimensional parameters - Numerical simulation method - Spalart-Allmaras model - Structure optimization - Three-dimensional model
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and ShapesStructural Members and Shapes

 - 443.1 Atmospheric PropertiesAtmospheric Properties

 - 525.2 Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation

 - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 )Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 )

 - 631 Fluid FlowFluid Flow

 - 631.1 Fluid Flow, GeneralFluid Flow, General

 - 653.1 Aircraft Engines, GeneralAircraft Engines, General

 - 723.5 Computer ApplicationsComputer Applications

 - 802.1 Chemical Plants and EquipmentChemical Plants and Equipment

 - 804 Chemical Products GenerallyChemical Products Generally

 - 921 MathematicsMathematics

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 42>

Accession number:20160701941241
Title:Autopilot system of agricultural vehicles based on GPS/INS and steer-by-wire
Authors:Liu, Jun (1); Yuan, Jun (1); Cai, Junyu (1); Tao, Changling (1); Wang, Liming (1); Cheng, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiang Su University School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Zhenjiang; Jiangsu, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:46-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The application of the path tracking technology on agricultural vehicle makes the robot replace farmers for field operation, and the accuracy, production efficiency and dependability about farming automation are improved effectively. Meanwhile the labor time, labor intensity of drivers and the production cost are saved. The path tracking of agricultural vehicle was studied in an operating condition, and a variety of sensors were installed on the car features of the external environment. Then it generated a four-element in state space by the target path which was given for controling the agricultural vehicles to track the target path automaticly according to the theory of optimal navigation control. The location method of GPS/INS was selected, the navigation system was developed, and the experiment was finished in 2014. According to the needs of automatic walking positioning system, a variety of sensors has been chosen, including the inertial sensor, angle sensor and GPS sensor. Then the serial program was writen to collect the signal from the sensors and calibrate them. In order to meet the requirements of vehicle navigation system, the positioning system with low cost and high precision was developed. The hardware of the system consisted of two GPS modules, two Zigbee wireless transmission modules and an inertial sensor. The data from the sensors are filtered and fused, and finally accurate, reliable vehicle position data was got. The tracking controller based on preview control was designed to obtain the future values and target values of the vehicle. With the target path and its curvature, the feed forward control value was got. There was an error between the current state and the state of vehicle target path that was needed to use LQR for elimination. The performance of the path following controller was simulated by Matlab, then the maximum lateral error was 0.16 m and 0.27 m at the speed of 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s respectively. The results showed that the control method was feasible. The steering control system was designed based on steer-by-wire(SBW) after the study of vehicle navigation control principle. SBW removed out mechanical connection between steering wheel and steering front wheel. It used motors to control front wheel angle and simulated force characteristic. Compared with traditional steering system, SBW had characteristics of ideal steering ratio and active steering control according to vehicle state parameters, and improved safety of driving and handling stability. The strategy of BLDCM was designed in order to make actual front angle follow the desired angle better. PID control and sliding mode variable structure control were applied in strategy of BLDCM and the result of simulation showed that sliding mode variable structure control was better than PID control. This paper designed the electronic control unit of SBW based on chip of MC9S12XET256, mainly including peripheral circuit of MCU, CAN communication circuit, drive circuit of BLDCM, power circuit, signal acquisition and processing circuit, current sampling circuit of motor. Based on the requirement of joint simulation, we designed a bench test for control strategy and hardware, software of ECU in 2015. The results of test bench showed that angle correction was similar with the result of simulation and sliding mode variable structure control was better than PID control in following front angle. Finally, the vehicle steering control test and the vehicle path tracking control test were carried out based on vehicle test platform, which was built personally. The vehicle path tracking system was based on the Windows platform, using Microsoft Visual Studio as the development environment. The integrated navigation system was validated and the test data showed that the integrated navigation system had a high positioning accuracy and the steering system had a reliable tracking performance. The final navigation and positioning accuracy of integrated navigation system was around 0.1 m to 0.5 m and the response speed of the whole system was about 0.1s.The results proved that the system could meet the requirements of agricultural vehicle path tracking control system. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Navigation systems
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Air navigation - Automobile safety devices - Automobile steering equipment - Automobile testing - Computer software - Control systems - Control theory - Controllers  - Digital storage - Fault tolerant computer systems - Global positioning system - Hardware - Inertial navigation systems - MATLAB - Navigation - Reconfigurable hardware - Robots - Signal processing  - Software testing - Steering - Target tracking - Three term control systems - Variable structure control - Vehicles - Wheels - Wire
Uncontrolled terms:GPS/INS - Integrated navigation - Integrated navigation systems - Navigation and positioning - Sliding mode variable structure control - Steer-by-wire - Tracking controls - ZigBee wireless transmission
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic ControlAir Navigation and Traffic Control

 - 535.2 Metal FormingMetal Forming

 - 601.2 Machine ComponentsMachine Components

 - 605 Small Tools and HardwareSmall Tools and Hardware

 - 662 Automobiles and Smaller VehiclesAutomobiles and Smaller Vehicles

 - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle ComponentsAutomobile and Smaller Vehicle Components

 - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal ProcessingInformation Theory and Signal Processing

 - 721.3 Computer CircuitsComputer Circuits

 - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and TechniquesData Storage, Equipment and Techniques

 - 722.4 Digital Computers and SystemsDigital Computers and Systems

 - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and ApplicationsComputer Software, Data Handling and Applications

 - 723.5 Computer ApplicationsComputer Applications

 - 731 Automatic Control Principles and ApplicationsAutomatic Control Principles and Applications

 - 732.1 Control EquipmentControl Equipment

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and EquipmentAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 43>

Accession number:20160701941242
Title:Experiment on effect of air-pressure subsoiling based on air-pressure cracking theory
Authors:Zuo, Shengjia (1); Kong, Degang (1); Liu, Liyi (1); Dong, Xin (1); Zhao, Yongchao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Degang(kong-degang@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:54-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Developing a new subsoling method is one of the important ways to improve the subsoiling efficiency and overcome the traditional subsoling weakness, i.e. limited range and inhomogeneity. The present paper proposed a noval subsoiling method based on pneumatic split technology, namely, air pressure subsoiling. During the air pressure subsoiling, air was injected into cultivated soil to result in plenty of cracks inside the soil. In order to investigate the effect of air pressure subsoiling, a simulation experiment was carried out to observe the inner and external changes of soil before and after air pressure subsoiling with 3 indices including soil porosity, soil porosity increasing rate and soil surface uplift. Experiment was carried out from December 10, 2014 to February 10, 2015 in the Agricultural Machinery Laboratory of the Engineering Research Center of Northeast Agricultural University. Test and research methods were as follows: 1) Firstly, the Miller Soil Box test equipment was used to test soil resistivity of different moisture content, porosity and saturation of black cultivated soil in the Northeast of China. The various parameters of Archie soil resistivity model were formed based on the regression analysis of our test result. Then a regression formula was acquired to calculate soil porosity by soil resistivity and soil moisture content acquired. 2) According to the actual cultivated land status of subsoiling in the Northeast of China, the plough layer and plow pan were made. The procedure was that 0.2 m plow pan was set on the groove bottom at first, and then 0.2 m plough layer was covered, which had 1.17 g/cm³bulk density and 18% moisture. Two factors and 3 levels (plow pan bulk density of 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 g/cm³, and subsoiling air pressure of 1.4, 1.6 and 2.2 MPa) were set in the experiment. Our experiment used the self-made air pressure subsoiling equipment to inject air into the plow pan with different bulk density (0.35 m deep), before and after air pressure subsoiling, used the regression formula to calculate the soil porosity and its increasing rate before and after air pressure subsoiling, and at the same time measured the vertical rise of soil surface when measuring the soil resistivity. 3) Draw contour map of soil resistivity, soil resistivity increasing rate and vertical rise by the Origin software in order to analyze the distributions and changes of soil resistivity, soil resistivity increasing rate and vertical rise before and after subsoiling. Further more, we compared air pressure subsoiling with 3 traditional subsoilers (triangle shovel, arrow shovel and chisel shovel) on the effect of subsoiling by analyzing the scope of subsoiling, uneven extent and soil porosity increasing rate. Main results obtained were as follows: 1) The regression formula of subsoiling soil porosity, soil resistivity and moisture content was obtained, which was suitable for the black soil in the Northeast of China. 2) For the plow pan with bulk density of 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 g/cm³, when subsoiling air pressure was 1.4, 1.6 and 2.2 MPa, air pressure mainly formed horizontal cracks which resulted in an obvious increase of soil porosity. These cracks could effectively break the plow pan, increase the air content in the soil after subsoiling, make the soil volume expand and the surface uplift. Excellent subsoiling could be obtained with fewer changes or effects for plough layer. 3) Compared with traditional subsoiling, air pressure subsoiling had the merits of larger scope, more uniformity and higher efficiency. For the effectively influenced radius on land surface, air pressure subsoiling was about 2~2.5 times of traditional subsoiling, and it was at least 3 times of traditional subsoiling on plow pan. The results and the data obtained in this paper can provide a reference for the further study and the design of air pressure subsoiling equipment. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Atmospheric pressure - Cracks - Efficiency - Equipment - Equipment testing - Moisture - Moisture determination  - Optimization - Porosity - Pressure effects - Regression analysis - Shovels - Soil moisture - Soil structure interactions
Uncontrolled terms:Air pressures - Different moisture contents - Horizontal cracks - Plow - Porosity and saturation - Regression formulas - Soil Porosity - Subsoiling effect
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric PropertiesAtmospheric Properties

 - 483.1 Soils and Soil MechanicsSoils and Soil Mechanics

 - 483.2 FoundationsFoundations

 - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest ControlAgricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

 - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and EquipmentAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

 - 901 Engineering ProfessionEngineering Profession

 - 913.1 Production EngineeringProduction Engineering

 - 921.5 Optimization TechniquesOptimization Techniques

 - 922.2 Mathematical StatisticsMathematical Statistics

 - 931.1 MechanicsMechanics

 - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and SolidsPhysical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

 - 944.2 Moisture MeasurementsMoisture Measurements

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609

<RECORD 44>

Accession number:20160701941268
Title:Review on comprehensive utilization of bamboo residues
Authors:Gu, Xirong (1); Deng, Xuemei (1); Liu, Yingni (1); Zeng, Qingping (1); Wu, Xuelian (1); Ni, Yalan (1); Liu, Xuejiao (1); Wu, Tao (1); Fang, Pengyi (1); Wang, Bo (1); Wu, Qinzhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:32
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2016
Publication year:2016
Pages:236-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bamboo, which is called "the second forest", is one kind of the major forest resources. China ranks first in terms of bamboo species, planting areas, growing forest stock, and bamboo harvests in the world. During the process of bamboo utilization, 60%~70% of bamboo harvests were removed as residues which included bamboo branches, leaves, shoot apex, joint, skin, tabaxir, sawdust and shoot shell. In order to make full use of bamboo resources and explore new products, many studies on comprehensive utilization of bamboo residues were carried out since 1980. In order to utilize bamboo residues more efficiently, further studies on new technologies of processing bamboo residues are needed and summarized as follows: 1) Gathering and rough handling on raw materials. For example, preferential policies, crushing technologies and crushing machinery on bamboo raw materials are needed to encourage farmers to gather harvested or processed bamboo residues. 2) Making full use of the major ingredients of bamboo and developing new products on functional components. We should exploit more products from cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to evaluate the utilization level, and extract lignin from processed bamboo remains to get corresponding lignin products. Besides, many components such as proteins, amino acids, saccharides, alcohols, esters, ketenes and mineral elements could be extracted and then made into favorite products. 3) Exploiting new and special machinery for crushing, compressing, moulding, pyrolysising, liquefying, and fermenting to solve the problems from current equipments. These problems are high energy-consuming, heavy wearing, short service life, frequent breakdown and high cost. Utilization and processing technology should be improved also for efficient ways to solve the problems such as thermal degradation of cellulose, poor interface compatibility between cellulose and thermoplastic, cellulose dispersing and flowing difficulty in matrix resins(frequently happened in bamboo-plastic composites processing), excess emission of formaldehyde from wood-based panels and resin adhesive, low bio-oil yield from pyrolysising or liquefying, high acidity, strong corrosion and lack of stability of bio-oil made from bamboo residues. 4) Promoting added value of bamboo products and exploiting refined processing products of bamboo residues. Bamboo residues could be used to extract many substances such as alcohol, ether, glycerol, saccharides in liquefied bamboo products, and acid, aldehyde, ketone, phenol in bio-oil. Refined liquefying products and high-quality bio-oil could be obtained as well. Finally, these substances could be made into high added value products. In conclusion, full use of bamboo residues is promising, but further study and new technology is urgently needed. &copy; 2016, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Bamboo
Controlled terms:Biofuels - Biomass - Cellulose - Crushing - Engineering - Environmental protection - Forestry - Harvesting - Ketones - Lignin  - Machinery - Materials handling - Minerals - Polymer matrix composites - Problem solving - Resins - Sugars - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Bamboo-plastic composites - Comprehensive utilizations - Functional components - High added value products - Interface compatibilities - Preferential policies - Processing technologies - Residues
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and ProtectionEnvironmental Impact and Protection

 - 482.2 MineralsMinerals

 - 804.1 Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

 - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood ProductsCellulose, Paper and Wood Products

 - 815.1 Polymeric MaterialsPolymeric Materials

 - 815.1.1 Organic PolymersOrganic Polymers

 - 821.3 Agricultural MethodsAgricultural Methods

 - 821.4 Agricultural ProductsAgricultural Products

DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.01.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc.Compendex references:YES
201609