<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20150400457887
Title:Design of two-axis attitude control system based on MEMS sensors
Authors:Ma, Chao (1); Zheng, Yongjun (1); Tan, Yu (1); Yubin, Lan (2); Wang, Shumao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Yongjun
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:28-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In precision agricultural equipment automation testing process, sensors on agricultural vehicles for collecting information need to keep the relative position with the ground from impact of narrow, uneven and complicated conditions. In the requirements of obtaining accurate attitude and position about the sensors relative to the ground level and to alleviate this problem, a two-axis attitude control system based on MEMS sensors was proposed. Firstly, the operational principle and control methods were analyzed. The Euler angles coordinate transformation method was introduced which is used to describe objects position accurately in inertial space. Secondly, the hardware and software of the attitude control system were designed. The system hardware includes power supply, accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, stepping motor drive, LCD and serial communication. The control system had two axis of rotation called pitch axis and roll axis, which was driven by stepping motor in each axis. And the system was controlled by microcontroller to drive two stepping motors to keep the relative level with the ground. What is more, the accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration of gravity in the condition of static, and the gyroscope is used to measure the angular velocity, so that the attitude control system used these two MEMS sensors to estimate the platform angle. The data of the gyroscope and accelerometer are real-time sampling to gain and analyze the current attitude angle. Therefore, multi-sensor information fusion algorithm and attitude estimation model were established. The complementary filter with two kinds of sensors was used to estimate the angle which had a time constant to define where the boundary between believing in the gyroscope and believing in the accelerometer is. Specifically, for the time periods shorter than time constant, the gyroscope integration takes precedence and the noisy accelerations are filtered out. And for the time periods longer than time constant, the accelerometer average is given more weighting than the gyroscope. Thus the control system chose the appropriate parameters to estimate the accurate angle which meet the requirement of system maximum control error. Finally, The PWM signal was output by microcontroller driving to the stepping motor. Then PWM signal was sent to stepping motor actuator to make the stepping motor turn a step angle. Additionally, the PD controller was used in the system in order to achieve rapid control in order that the two-axis direction was driven by stepping motors which made a quickly response to eliminate the horizontal deviation and kept the relative position with the ground. Two absolute encoders are also fixed on each axis. They were used to keep the system automatically reset to the initial position when the system started to work. The test results show that the system runs stably and the method of estimating angle is suitable for low and middle speed changing conditions. Single axis attitude control accuracy is less than 0.5&deg; in the condition of flat slope of the road and is less than 3.0&deg; running in the bumpy field road. The stabilized platform system meets the demands of the attitude automatically adjust to the constant orientation in the information collection process and attitude estimation process. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Stepping motors
Controlled terms:Accelerometers - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Attitude control - Communication satellites - Control systems - Controllers - Design - Digital storage - Electric drives  - Gyroscopes - Hardware - Machine design - MEMS - Roads and streets
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - Attitude estimation - Complementary filters - Coordinate transformation methods - Information collections - MEMS gyroscope - Multi-sensor information fusion - Operational principles
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 408 Structural Design - 601 Mechanical Design - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 704.2 Electric Equipment - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 705.3 Electric Motors - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20150400457892
Title:Mathematical model establishment of irregular plantar surface of ostrich didactyl foot
Authors:Zhang, Rui (1); Yang, Mingming (1); Pan, Runduo (2); Liu, Haibao (1); Zeng, Guiyin (1); Li, Jianqiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; (2) Department of Radiology, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:71-78
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:African ostrich (Struthio camelus) is the fastest long-distance runner with two feet in the desert. Plantar surface morphology of ostrich foot is one of the key effect factors on the superior travelling performance of ostrich didactyl foot on sand. The research of the ostrich plantar surface characteristics, will help to apply the superior characteristics to the wheels which travell on the soft grounds, and will help to improve the passing ability of current conventional sand wheel on soft grounds. Ostrich didactyl foot has two toes, the third toe and the fourth toe. During ostrich walking or running in the desert, the third toe supports the heavy weight and provides locomotor propulsion, while the fourth toe maintains balance as an outrigger. Therefore, the mathematical model of the third toe plantar surface of ostrich foot was studied. The ostrich foot of an adult male ostrich was gained from Changchun Lushengyuan mountain villa, Jilin Province, P.R. China. The geometric point clouds of the ostrich foot were obtained by using a 3D hand-held non-contact laser scanner. And then, the point cloud data were imported into Geomagic Studio software to analyze and reconstruct. Using the cutting function of the software, the reconstructed model of the third toe plantar surface of ostrich foot was divided into three typical characteristic areas, including the forefoot gradual surface, the middle groove and the heel spherical cap. In order to reduce the amount of calculation of the fitting curved surfaces, the digitized shape editor module of CATIA was utilized to filter the dense point clouds and retain the characteristic points. The retained characteristic points could reflect the third toe plantar surface morphology of ostrich foot through adopting the reasonable filtering way. The 3D characteristic point data of the three typical characteristic areas were then exported. The forefoot gradual surface and the middle groove were fitted by using the surface fitting module of MATLAB software. The equations of the curved surfaces and the solution fitted parameters were achieved. Because the heel spherical cap looked like a part of an ellipsoid from appearance, an ellipsoid model was used to fit the heel spherical cap by using the nonlinear regression module of SAS software. The fitted solution parameters of three curved surfaces were satisfactory, R² is the parameter for measuring the mathematical model conformed to original model or not. The fitting results would be more accurate if R² is more close to 1. According to the fitting results R² of three curved surface fitting results was 0.95, 0.96 and 0.95, which are all close to 1.That is to say, the third toe plantar surface of ostrich foot were successfully transformed from the biological model to the mathematical model. The establishment of the mathematical model of the third toe plantar surface of ostrich foot provides the foundation for applying the superior travelling performance of ostrich foot to designing the wheels driving on the soft grounds, including desert, lunar or Martian surface. At the same time, this research will provide a new research direction for studying walking machinery on the soft grounds. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Birds
Controlled terms:Biomimetics - Bionics - Fiber optic sensors - Landforms - Machinery - Mathematical models - MATLAB - Morphology - Reverse engineering - Spheres  - Surface morphology - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Biological modeling - Characteristic point - Curved surface fitting - Geomagic studios - Non-linear regression - Plantar surfaces - Point cloud data - Solution parameters
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 481.1 Geology - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822 Food Technology - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20150400457913
Title:Energy analysis of biogas-linked eco-village circulating system
Authors:Duan, Na (1); Lin, Cong (1); Liu, Xiaodong (2); Wen, Shichang (3); Zhang, Xiaojun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) The agricultural service center of Sijiqing Town, Haidian District, Beijing, China; (3) Beilangzhong Village, Shunyi District, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Cong
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:261-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The biogas-linked eco-village circulating system (BECS) plays an important role in sustainable development of eco-agriculture and new countryside construction. In this study, Beilangzhong village (Shunyi district, Beijing, China) was taken as a case study, and evaluation framework was established to analyze its input and output composition. The emergy-based indexes were listed focusing on resource utilization, environmental security and sustainability, economical benefits, as well as self-organization ability. The two indicators (renewable ratio (R%), emergy self-support ratio (ESR)) were applied to assess its resource utilization. The indicators of economical benefits involved emergy yield ratio (EYR) and emergy investment ratio (EIR). The feedback of yield emergy (FYE) was used to assess the self-organization ability of the system. While three indexes including environmental load ratio (ELR), environmental sustainability index (ESI) and the multiply of ESI and ESR (Emergy/Environment sustainable index, E/ESI) were adopted to analyze the environmental security and sustainability. Compared with the biogas-linked planting-breeding circulating agriculture system (BPCAS) and "four in one" agriculture system (FIOAS), the characteristic, advantages and future alternatives of the BECS were analyzed. The results indicated that the total input emergy was about 6.26&times;10¹⁹ sej/a, among which, the feedback emergy accounted for 29.16%. For the rest of input emergy, the proportion of the renewable resource could reach 86.77%, followed by non-renewable resources. On the other hand, the purchased resource was accounting for 96.70% and the rest was from free environment resources. Human labor, raw material of forage, electricity and fossil energy were the main inputs. The total output of BECS was 1.91&times;10²⁰ sej/a, which was larger than the input emergy with the output/input ratio of 4.31. Breeding subsystem dominated in the BECS, followed by the planting subsystem and organic fertilizer subsystem, and the biogas system ranked the last. However, the feedback of biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues played an important role for the BECS. The internal feedback emergy of the subsystem was about 1.83&times;10¹⁹ sej/a, and fertilizer ranked first accounting for about 34.06% and it was followed by forage and agricultural residues. The emergy-based indexes revealed that the BECS had its superiority with high proportion of renewable resources, low environmental loading rate, high circulation utilization rate and internal feedback, as well as good sustainability and strong stability. Compared with the BPCAS and FIOAS, firstly, the R% of the BECS was about 86.77%, higher than that of the other two systems; however, because of its comprehensiveness, product diversity and large amount of purchased input, BECS had a lowest ESR. Secondly, the EYR of the BECS was 4.46, indicating that the BECS had a good performance in economical benefits and the products had enormous competitiveness; however, the large amount of purchased input influences its EIR, increasing internal feedback and reducing purchased input can make the EIR decrease and obtain more economical benefits. Thirdly, the FYE of BECS, BPCAS and FIOAS were 0.43, 0.19 and 0.01, respectively; thus, the BECS had the largest internal feedback and self-organization ability. Finally, the ELR of the BECS was about 0.10, indicating that the system had a low environmental load. The ESI was an important indicator to assess the sustainability of the system; and the ESI of the BECS was about 43.16, which was 2.52 and 7.39 times higher than that of BPCAS and FIOAS, respectively. The high E/ESI value showed that the BECS was a sustainable circulating system with lower consumption, lower environmental pollution and higher yield. The annual economic output value of BECS was about 23.43 Chinese Yuan per unit area (m²). The recommendations were also provided for the BECS to achieve more comprehensive benefits in this study. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Sustainable development
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Economic and social effects - Ecosystems - Fertilizers - Investments - Rural areas - Sales - Waste disposal
Uncontrolled terms:Circulating system - Emergy - Emergy investment ratio - Environmental loadings - Environmental pollutions - Environmental sustainability - New countryside constructions - Non-renewable resource
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 911.4 Marketing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20150400457886
Title:Design and experiment of seedling seperation device of Artemisia arborescens transplanter based on vibration mechanism
Authors:Ji, Wenfeng (1); Wu, Qiming (1); Huang, Haidong (1); Gao, Jingbo (1); Liao, Qingxi (1); Huang, Liaowen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Haidong
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:21-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The transplantation of Artemisia arborescens are mainly relying on artificial cuttings, the seedling separation device is a key component to achieve planting mechanization of Artemisia arborescens. In order to obtain orderly feed of Artemisia arborescens seedlings rod, a kind of seedling separation device of Artemisia arborescens transplanter based on vibration mechanism was designed in this paper. The main components of seedling separation device were: motor, frame, reset device of leaf spring, ledger plate, guide rail for seedling, seedling box, crank-rocker mechanism and transmission agent etc. At first, the device structure of seedlings was reasonably simplified to crank-slider mechanism, and the mathematical modeling was created on basis of characteristics of crank-slider mechanism. In order to achieve the best power transmission, the motion analysis of device was conducted, and the angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration of coupler and rocker were obtained. The Matlab software was used to analyze the movement of the crank-slider mechanism, and then optimized the structure parameters of seedlings vibrating device. The optimization results showed that, when the coupler, rocker were 499 mm and 273 mm respectively, the power transmission could achieve the best results. Then, spring steel which was the key component of seedlings device was imported from Pro/E into Ansys Workbench to carry on model analysis of vibration characteristics. Model analysis results showed that, as frequency increasing, bending deflection of spring steel occurred firstly, then converted to distortion, and the superimposed vibrations which could lead to severe deformation appeared at last. Therefore, the vibration frequency should be less than 98.66 Hz, and the rigidity of upper end of spring steel should be appropriately strengthened. The crank length, vibration frequency and orbital inclination were taken as experimental factors, and then experimental studies of Artemisia arborescens seedling separation device were conducted. The results of the range analysis showed that the orbital inclination had the greatest impact on the quality of seedlings, the vibration frequency had less impact, and the crank length had a minimal impact. Therefore, the optimized combination was as follows: the vibration frequency was 36 Hz, the orbital inclination was 6&deg;, and the length of crank was 14 mm. With this optimized combination, the qualified rate of seedling separation device based on vibration mechanism can reach 86.30%. This research work realized the mechanical seedling separation of Artemisia arborescens seedlings rod, which provided a reference for the further study of Artemisia arborescens transplanter. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Bending (deformation) - Bending (forming) - Finite element method - Leaf springs - MATLAB - Mechanisms - Motion analysis - Optimization - Power transmission  - Quality control - Separation - Slideways - Springs (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Artemisia arborescens - Crank slider mechanisms - Crank-rocker mechanism - Optimized combinations - Orthogonal test - Separation devices - Superimposed vibration - Vibration characteristics
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 535.2 Metal Forming - 601.2 Machine Components - 601.3 Mechanisms - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20150400457883
Title:Review on mechanization of strip compound planting system of Wheat-Maize-Soybean
Authors:Wu, Weixiong (1); Luo, Xiwen (1); Yang, Wenyu (2); Peng, Shuhui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:For centuries, strip compound planting system has been widely adopted in the southwestern part of China, and is mainly farmed by hand up to date. It is commonly believed that the compound planting system results to the low level of mechanization. The traditional strip compound planting system, "wheat-maize-sweet potato" (WMP) relay cropping system was once the main cropping pattern on dry land in this area. However, in recent years, along with the demand decrease of sweet potato as swine feed and the demand increase of soybean, soybean has been taking the place of sweet potato in the WMP system for its economic benefits; then the main compound planting system has gradually transformed into "wheat-maize-soybean" (WMS), which is now one of the key technologies the nation has been endeavoring to popularize. In the WMS relay cropping system, several rows of wheat are usually drilled with 20 cm row space at the beginning of November of the first year relay-cropping with several rows of maize which are usually hill-dropped with 40cm row space at the end of March of the next year; when the wheat is harvested in the middle of May, several rows of soybean are then seeded with 40cm row space in the wheat stubble relay-cropping with maize at the beginning of June of the second year. In practice, there are usually three types of strip width configuration of Wheat-Maize: narrow (40-73 cm), medium (100-100 cm, 117-83 cm, 100-67 cm) and wide (200-200 cm). Different crop width configuration has different room available for mechanization operation; the nonstandard crop strip width hazards the adoption of mechanization; so the strip width configuration needs to be standardized firstly in line with the demands of mechanization. In order to realize the mechanized production of the WMS model as well as to improve the level of mechanization by popularizing the mechanized relay cropping system, the machine and agriculture measures for the WMS system should both be taken into account as a whole. On the condition of achieving the maximum annual yield of the three crops in the WMS system, field experiments have been carried out at several sites in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province since 2003 to acquire the optimal width configuration and agricultural measures. By the results, the "100-100" WMS model was selected as the optimal pattern to be mechanized with. Thereafter, mechanization operations were carried out in the chosen system by employing mini-, small- and medium-sized machinery system, respectively and the maize and soybean harvesters developed intentionally for the chosen pattern. According to the results, the mechanization of strip compound planting system is feasible; the compound planting system is not the root cause that leads to the low mechanization level in the hilly areas; "100-100" WMS model is the reliable carrier for developing dry land mechanization in the hilly areas of Sichuan; the Mini-four-wheeled tractor and its implements system is applicable for the strip compound planting system as well as the small-sized plots in hilly areas; so the popularization of the mechanized "100-100" WMS model shall facilitate the mechanization of the hilly areas. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Machinery
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural products - Agriculture - Crops - Mechanization
Uncontrolled terms:Cropping patterns - Economic benefits - Key technologies - Machinery systems - Planting systems - Sichuan province - Soybean harvester - Wheat-Wheat-Maize-Soybean, strip compound planting
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20150400457889
Title:Fatigue cumulative damage models based on strength degradation
Authors:Zhang, Lu (1); Ji, Wei (1); Zhou, Wei (2); Li, Wenliang (2); Ren, Chunxiao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agriculture University,, Beijing, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Operation Safety Technology on Transport Vehicles, Ministry of Transport, PRC, Beijing, China; (3) Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Wei
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:47-52
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:80%-90% of failures in structures of construction machinery result from fatigue and fracture. Fatigue process is usually considered as degradation process of material strength under cycle loading. Strength degradation mainly relates to the number of cycles and stress level of loading. This paper discussed cumulative fatigue damage of metal structure based on strength degradation. A correlation model between strength degradation and cumulative fatigue damage was established based on characteristics of strength degradation under metal fatigue and further verified that the strength degradation process met the irreversible thermodynamics condition. A strength degradation coefficient was obtained by non-linear fitting method based on the data from the material fatigue test. The biggest relative error of residual strength, 4.6%, was obtained from the fatigue and strength test data, further verifying the accuracy of this correlation model. Two new fatigue cumulative damage models under two-level and multilevel loading were established. First formula was established based on equivalence rule of relative strength degradation. The other was established by introducing slope value of material S-N characteristics as the power law of strength. Through calculation, it was concluded that both models met common fatigue rule that cumulative damage is above 1 for increasing loading amplitude, and cumulative damage is below 1 for decreasing loading amplitude under any two level loading. Coefficients of strength degradation models were respectively calculated through nonlinear fitting method based on the data from two-level and three-level loading fatigue test and two new fatigue cumulative damage models were established. The last level fatigue damage and the level last fatigue life of fatigue cumulative damage models and Miner model were calculated and relative error of each model was obtained by considering the relative error of the last level fatigue damage as evaluation index. Moreover, the cumulative fatigue damage and the fatigue life of each were obtained. The results showed that whether in two-level or three-level loading fatigue test, the accuracy ranking of the above three models was as follows: the second model&rang;the first model&rang;Miner model. The equivalence damage model based on strength degradation may have some relevance to the "power" phenomenon, which corresponds to the second model. So, the results of this study will provide certain reference in the accurate calculation of the metal fatigue life. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Fatigue damage
Controlled terms:Construction equipment - Fatigue of materials - Fatigue testing - Machinery - Materials - Miners - Models - Strength of materials - Stress analysis - Thermodynamics
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate calculations - Construction machinery - Cumulative fatigue damage - Fatigue and fractures - Fatigue cumulative damage - Irreversible thermodynamics - Nonlinear fitting method - Strength degradation
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20150400457917
Title:Environmental benefits evaluation of different agroforestry systems in Hoa Binh Hydropower Station Reservoir Area of Vietnam
Authors:Vu, Thi Thuong (1); Nguyen, The Ky (2); Wang, Lai (1); Zhang, Shuoxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China; (2) College of Forestry, Vietnam Forestry University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; (3) Qing ling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Yangling, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shuoxin
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:291-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nowadays, agroforestry farming is a major issue in Vietnamat midland and mountainous region as it has to satisfy the demand of forest production and ecosystem protection. Compared to some other types of forest, agroforest has demonstrated outstanding strength as it provides landowners with early and fast income generation. Therefore, developing agroforest becomes a trend when the research on land use gets much attention. However, environmental efficiency of agroforest is quite varied and closely reliable on the structure of the forest system. Taking into consideration of both environmental condition and the efficiency at the same time is significant not only in evaluating the current situation of the forest but also in improving its structure, thereby reaching environmental goals. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of research on above problem in Hoa Binh hydropower reservoir environment. Due to this restriction many agroforests were in failure to enhance their economic and protective functions and the forest also showed low stability. In order to have a part in solving the aforesaid inadequacies, this paper has been conducted. The environmental protection and soil conservation of vegetation have high requirements in hydropower station reservoir area. Finding a kind of land use pattern that can meet the interests of all parties is particularly important in the context that moving local residents out of the reservoir area is impossible. In the present study, the four main agroforestry system patterns (Acacia mangium-Zea mays; Acacia mangium-Manihot esculenta crantz; Eucalyptus camandulensis-Oryza sativa; Acacia mangium-Manihot esculenta crantz-Zea mays) were employed as the research subjects in two different areas (Thung Nai Commune, Cao Phong District and Vay Nua Commune, Da Bac District) of Hoa Binh hydropower station reservoir area in Vietnam. Multiple structural indicators such as plant species composition, morphemic structures, density and canopy of the plantation used, coverage of shrub layers as well as environmental indicators such as fertility retention, water use efficiency and soil conservation through prohibition of erosion were used to evaluate the four proposed agroforestry patterns employed in the study and to find out the most appropriate one. The results showed that among the four patterns, Acacia mangium-Manihot esculenta crantz-Zea mays pattern had the highest comprehensive environment benefit and soil conservation benefit; on the contrary, Eucalyptus camandulensis-Oraza sativa pattern scored lowest. So, the former planting area should be encouraged to increase, and the latter planting area should be reduced in the future practice. On the basis of Acacia mangium-Manihot esculenta crantz-Zea mays pattern, we put forward the Acacia mangium-Manihot esculenta crantz-Zea mays-Cinnamomum cassia pattern that has higher expectations of comprehensive environmental benefits. It's proposed as a better choice for the application of agroforestry system in Hoa Binh hydropower station reservoir area. And this research also provides a reference for the areas with similar climatic and environmental conditions with Hoa Binh hydropower station reservoir area. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Conservation - Ecology - Efficiency - Hydroelectric power - Hydroelectric power plants - Land use - Plants (botany) - Reservoirs (water) - Soil conservation  - Soils - Surge protection
Uncontrolled terms:Acacia mangium - Agroforestry system - Environmental benefits - Environmental conditions - Environmental efficiency - Environmental indicators - Manihot esculenta Crantz - Plant species composition
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 441.2 Reservoirs - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 611.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20150400457905
Title:Feasibility of rapid detection of soil nitrate-nitrogen content using Superfloc127 in ion-selective electrode
Authors:Zhang, Li'nan (1); Zhang, Miao (1); Ren, Haiyan (1); Pu, Pan (2); Kong, Pan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory on Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing,, China; (2) Key Lab of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Miao
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:196-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sample pretreatment is one of the key steps for soil nutrient analysis. It greatly affects the detection efficiency of Ion-selective electrode (ISE) based soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO<inf>3</inf>^--N) detection. Aiming at shortening the standing time, the polymer flocculant Superfloc127, one of conventional non-ionic polyacrylamide chemicals, was reported to be applied in sample pretreatment of soil detections based on the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). In this study, the feasibility of employing Surperfloc127 into the soil NO<inf>3</inf>^--N rapid detection by using ISE was discussed. First, the theoretical analysis of the dynamic electrode process was conducted under the stationary-state conditions, which described the assumed electrochemical equilibrium of the ionic exchange, ionic flux and ionic co-extraction under zero current condition in artificial nitrate solution. A phase boundary potential model was built to prove the ignorable influences produced by Superfloc127 on the solvent polymeric ISE with the inner filling solution. The calculated results of the phase boundary potential model showed that less degradation of the linear detection ranges (LDR) was observed when Superfloc127 was added into the nitrate sample. Theoretically, Superfloc127 was demonstrated acceptable influences on the performance of nitrate ISE. And then, soil samples was prepared to further verify the applicability of Superfloc127. Soil testing was carried out by the self-developed PPy (NO<inf>3</inf>^--N)-membrane nitrate solid-state ISE (PPy-NSISE) and the commercial PVC-membrane nitrate ISE (PVC-NISE). The previous developed soil macronutrient automatic detecting stand was integrated for the measurements throughout the whole study. The effects of Superfloc127 on the performances of PPy-NSISE and PVC-NISE were evaluated by comparing the response sensitivities in standard nitrate solutions. The concentrations of superfloc127 were artificially controlled to 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L. 10 soils covering 4 different types were selected. Each soil was divided into three sets. Soil set1 was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Soil set2 was pretreated without Superfloc127 and analyzed by the ISEs. Soil set3 was pretreated with Superfloc127 and analyzed with the ISEs. Results showed that the standing time, which represented the duration from the ending instant of the shaking process to the instant of obtaining transparent soil extracts, was enormously shortened from 1.5 h to 10s by the addition of Superfloc127. The PPy-NSISE and the PVC-NISE produced good sensitivities with the response slopes of -51.4 and -52.1 mV/decade. Neglectable influence made by Superfloc127 was observed on the changes of sensitivities of PPy-NSISE and PVC-NISE. The determination coefficient (R²) of linear regression between ISEs based soil NO<inf>3</inf>^--N measurements and the UV-VIS results were 0.69 and 0.31 for PPy-NSISE and PVC-NISE, respectively. After continuous determination of 12 h, the absolute response slopes of the PPy-NSISE and the PVC-NISE were reduced to 35.1 and 25.4 mV/decade. Moreover, the ISE performance couldn't be recovered even by the re-activation process. In summary, Superfloc127 could greatly improve the efficiency of soil pretreatment. But it will fasten the ISE deteriorating promptly. Therefore, it was not recommended to use Superfloc127 in ISE based soil NO<inf>3</inf>^--N detection. Researches should be carried out to clarify the mechanism of Superfloc127. The attempts of enhance the pretreatment efficiency of ISE based soil detection were greatly encouraged. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Ion selective electrodes
Controlled terms:Chemical detection - Efficiency - Electrochemical electrodes - Electrodes - Ion exchange - Ions - Models - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers  - Polymers - Polyvinyl chlorides - Soil surveys - Soil testing - Soils - Spectrophotometry
Uncontrolled terms:Detection efficiency - Determination coefficients - Linear detection ranges - Response sensitivity - Sample pretreatment - Superfloc127 - Ultraviolet spectrophotometry - Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 704.1 Electric Components - 801 Chemistry - 801.4.1 Electrochemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20150400457915
Title:Experiment of treating aspartame hypersaline amino acids wastewater using nanofiltration membrane
Authors:Zhang, Lin (1); Jiang, Feng (1); Wei, Yaning (1); Cui, Lei (1); Yao, Hongqi (2); Xu, Chen (1); Xu, Weigang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; (2) Changzhou Guanghui Biological Technology Company Limited, Changzhou, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:276-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to obtain the appropriate operating parameters in treating aspartame hypersaline amino acids wastewater using nanofiltration membrane, the experimental device was built. Experimental investigation was carried out to explore the separation performance of average permeate flux, the volume concentration ratio, amino acid retention, sodium chloride removal rate and amino acid recovery rate under different experimental conditions. Experimental parameter conditions were as follows: when inlet pressure was 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2 MPa, pH value was 6.8~7.5, temperature was 40 and feed flow rate was 0.1m/s; when temperature was 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 , inlet pressure was 2.4 MPa, pH value was 6.8~7.5 and feed flow rate was 0.1 m/s; when pH value was 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, inlet pressure was 2.4 MPa, temperature was 40 and feed flow rate was 0.1 m/s; when feed flow rate was 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 m/s, pressure was 2.4 MPa, temperature was 40, pH value was 6.8~7.5. The results show that the inlet pressure, temperature, pH and feed flow rate have different effects on nanofiltration membrane separation performance. When inlet pressure increases, the average permeate flux, volume concentration ratio, sodium chloride removal rate and amino acid retention increase, while amino acid recovery rate decreases slightly. When temperature increases, average permeate flux, volume concentration ratio and sodium chloride removal rate increase, while amino acid retention and amino acid recovery rate decrease. When pH value increases, average permeate flux, volume concentration ratio and sodium chloride removal rate increase, and there is a peak in pH value of 6.Then with the increase of pH value, average permeate flux, volume concentration ratio and sodium chloride removal rate decrease, while amino acid retention and amino acid recovery rate increase. When feed flow rate increases, average permeate flux, volume concentration ratio, sodium chloride removal rate increase. But when feed flow rate is greater than 0.1 m/s, they tend to be stable. The feed flow rate has a little effect on amino acid retention and amino acid recovery rate. The appropriate operating parameters are the inlet pressure of 2.4 MPa, pH value of 6, the temperature of 40  and the inlet flow rate of 0.1 m/s. Under the conditions, the system of nanofiltration membrane works for 3 hours, the average permeate flux is 21.5 L/(m²&middot;h), the volume concentration ratio is 5.9, the sodium chloride removal rate is 96%, the retentions of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic are 89% and 77% respectively, the recovery rates of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid are 90.6% and 80.3% respectively. The experimental researches provide the reference for industrial application of nanofiltration membrane in treating aspartame hypersaline amino acids wastewater. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Nanofiltration membranes
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Concentration (process) - Desalination - Flow rate - Inlet flow - Membranes - Nanofiltration - Peptides - pH - Recovery  - Sodium - Sodium chloride - Sugar substitutes - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Aspartame - Experimental conditions - Experimental investigations - Experimental parameters - Experimental research - Hypersaline - Separation performance - Volume concentration ratios
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.9 Biology - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20150400457893
Title:Morphological parameters characteristics of mechanically transplanted plant in suitable transplanting period for different rape varieties
Authors:Liu, Mingfeng (1); Hu, Xianpeng (1); Liao, Yitao (1); Liao, Qingxi (1); Wan, Xingyu (1); Ji, Muye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:79-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The effects of rape seedling mechanical transplanting depend on the coupling degree between structure and motion parameters of the planting unit and characteristics of plant morphological parameters. Until now, some researches about the integration of agricultural and agronomic of rapeseed trans planter were carried out, and the links between structural and operating parameters of rapeseed trans planter and rapeseed planting agronomic requirements were established. Though some physical characteristics of rape seedling were measured and analyzed, there were lacks of the studies on characteristics of rape seedling morphological parameters. The morphological parameters of rape seedling are unique, which are affected by the biological characteristics that include the variety, seedling age and individual circumstances. Based on the current reality that the level of mechanical transplanting for rape seedling is low and there is a scarce link between characteristics of plant morphological parameters and the traditional design of trans planter, the research on characteristics of plant morphological parameters about 8 hybrid rape varieties for mechanical transplanting was carried out with the LA-S image processing system in this paper. The characteristics of rape seedling morphological parameters were measured during 28 to 40 days after sowing, which include seedling height, seedling width, seedling cone angle, root length and root diameter. The distribution and growth difference of rape seedling morphological parameters were analyzed. And the reasonable structure and operating parameters of rapeseed trans planter were pointed out, as follow, the appropriate length of the duckbill type planting unit is within the range of 170 mm to 270 mm, the appropriate cone angle of the planting unit is within the range of 35&deg; to 45&deg;, the minimum height of the planting locus is 260 mm, the maximum opening width of the planting unit is 140 mm, and the planting depth is adjustable within the range of 60mm to 100 mm. The result showed that there were significant differences between some rape varieties in seedling height, seedling width, seedling cone angle and root length. The characteristics of plant morphological parameters during 28 to 40 days after sowing were subjected to normal or skewed distribution, of which the skewness were between -0.48 and 1.61, the kurtosis were between 2.00 and 7.63, the coefficient of variation were between 11.42% and 34.72%. The growth models of the rape seedling morphological parameters during 28 to 40 days after sowing were established, which indicated that there were positive linear relationship between the characteristics of plant morphological parameters including seedling height, seedling width, root length and root diameter and time, the average correlation coefficient was 0.9736, there were negative linear relationship between seedling cone angle and time, the average correlation coefficient was 0.9818. The study showed that it was better to choose the appropriate rape varieties which were suitable for mechanized transplanting and adjust the transplanting time according to the plant developmental morphology, to achieve the integration of agricultural and agronomic for rape mechanical transplanting. In conclude, the research on characteristics of rape seedling morphological parameters provide useful guidance for the design and optimization of rapeseed trans planter. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Structural design
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Agronomy - Higher order statistics - Image processing - Machinery - Mechanization - Models - Morphology - Oilseeds - Statistical methods  - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:Average correlation coefficients - Biological characteristic - Coefficient of variation - Design and optimization - Morphological parameters - Physical characteristics - Plant morphology - Rape seedling
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 462.4 Prosthetics - 601 Mechanical Design - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20150400457910
Title:Review on application of Internet of Things technology in animal husbandry in China
Authors:Xiong, Benhai (1); Yang, Zhengang (2); Yang, Liang (1); Pan, Xiaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; (2) YangXinYiliyuan Halal Meat CO., LTD, Yangxin, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:237-246
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Internet of Things (IoT) technology, based on the perception, is developing rapidly and permeating into every walk of life. IoT of agriculture, including animal husbandry, has been showing a status of rapid development and is urgent in keeping pace with other industries. In this study, livestock coding specification and identification technology, remote monitoring technology of livestock farm environments and animal behaviors, and precise sow feeding equipment and digital network management platform of farms were reviewed to expound the application effects and limitations of IoT in animal husbandry. We found that at the perceptual layer, the international standards for livestock identification mainly included the ISO TC 23/SC 19, which set rules for radio frequency identification (RFID) for livestock management, and it was functionally divided into ISO 11784, ISO 11785 and ISO 14223.The Chinese standards for livestock identification were described in three levels: national standard specifications, local standards, and corporate standards. For example, the three different standards are Ministry of Agriculture Legislation No. 67, local standard of identification in Shanghai (DB31/T341-2005), and Xinjiang (DB 65/T3209-2011), and internal encoding specification of Beidahuang Agriculture Co., Ltd and Yiliyuan Co., Ltd. At the transport layer, the environment parameters of livestock farms like temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, ammonia concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration etc., and animal behavior parameters like body weight and body temperature would be perceived by different sensors and then the data from environment parameters and individual animal behavior data mentioned above would be remotely transferred through a wireless public network (2G/3G/4G). The video data and huge production process data were transferred into internet network databases by wired networks. At the data application layer, the typical application examples were shown below. Firstly, remote monitoring, data collection, and transmission of breeding environment parameters or animal production data were realized by using an intellectual mobile terminal to analyze and give early warning of the collected data. Then, the system will selectively turn on or off the remote intelligent environmental control equipment (draught fan, light, heater, and water pump etc.) based on the analysis results. The second example was the construction of a cloud-computing platform of cow-breeding farms and pig-breeding farms-that is, production data of hundreds or thousands farms were collected by network databases and data was cloud-stored as well as cloud-analyzed in the form of formal meta data, and the platform would give farmers warning information based on the analysis of production and breeding database by data mining technology. The third example was the development and application of automatic electro-mechanical feeding control systems of lactating sows, which was composed of electro-mechanical systems, wireless network technology, mobile SQL Lite network database, electronic data interchange, and feed intake prediction models of lactating sow nutrient requirements. This paper also analyzed the deficiencies of animal husbandry's IoT in technology, product, application, related policies, and people's cognitive from microcosmic to macrocosmic aspects, and suggestions were given based on the above deficiencies. Above all, the modernization development of animal husbandry needs the support of the IoT and IoT in turn is urged to accumulate its positive energy and promote itself better through applications in the different technological fields. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Internet of things
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Carbon dioxide - Control equipment - Data mining - Database systems - Distributed computer systems - Electronic data interchange - Environmental management - Feeding  - Identification (control systems) - Internet - Monitoring - Network management - Radio frequency identification (RFID) - Remote control - Specifications - Standards - Surface discharges
Uncontrolled terms:Animal husbandry - Carbon dioxide concentrations - Data application - Electronic feeding station - Environmental control equipments - Internet of Things (IOT) - Internet of things technologies - Wireless network technologies
Classification code:454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20150400457909
Title:Design of information management system for pig farms
Authors:Gao, Wanlin (1); Li, Jing (1); Xiao, Ying (1); Zhang, Ganghong (1); Hu, Hui (1); Dong, Zhiwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:230-236
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper presents a farm information management system. The system consists of following six modules: user information, farm and pig information, feed management, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and sales management. The user information management module of the system can realize the functions of user registration, update registration, login and logout. The farm information management module realizes add, delete, and query pig basic information, to meet the requirement of real-time query about the number of pig into the bar and out. Feed information management module can query feed brand, price, purchase quantity and residual quantity. Farm environment directly affects the growth and health of pigs. The environmental monitoring module can monitor six factors that affect the growth of pigs: temperature, humidity, NH<inf>3</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and light intensity. Disease diagnosis module can record and query disease symptoms, diagnostic message and medication information of pigs. According to different pig-farms disease information this module can support dynamic aggregation of disease information. It can also early warn and remind users according to the disease scale. Sales management module can record and query market weight, sales price, backfat thickness, quarantine information of the pigs, etc. This system realizes the dynamic summary, query and management of all information that from the pig into the bar to out and farm-related information. It can realize automated management of pig farms, which improves the management efficiency and reduces the cost of breeding pig farmers. Thus this system has important practical value. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:8
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Costs - Diagnosis - Environmental engineering - Environmental management - Feeding - Industrial management - Information systems - Mammals - Monitoring  - Sales - Search engines - Sulfur dioxide
Uncontrolled terms:Automated management - Diagnostic messages - Dynamic aggregation - Environmental Monitoring - Information management systems - Management efficiency - Pig farms - Sales management
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.4 Marketing - 912.2 Management - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20150400457907
Title:Rapid diagnosis of tomato N-P-K nutrition level based on hyperspectral technology
Authors:Liu, Hongyu (1); Mao, Hanping (1); Zhu, Wenjing (1); Zhang, Xiaodong (1); Gao, Hongyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Corresponding author:Mao, Hanping
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:212-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Because of the short growth cycle, large yield and high fertilizer requirements of facility crop, which were the characteristics causing high cost and high complement in cultivation medium, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) deficiencies frequent occurrence in the growth of facility crops. Accurate monitoring and diagnosis of nutrient content in facility crops during the growth process was very important. In order to diagnose tomato nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition level more accurately, rapidly and stably, in the aspect of the spectral diagnostics technology, the changes of reflectance on characteristic wavelengths were taking into consideration to assess the nutritional status of crops. Sensitive bands were selected by using genetic algorithms. Then, the quantitative models of tomato nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were established via stepwise regression, principal component regression and partial least squares method respectively based on reflectance spectra. The results verified that the stepwise regression models outperformed the principal component and partial smallest squares regression models of nitrogen and phosphorus, while principal component regression get the best models of phosphorus. The correlation coefficient R of the best models were nitrogen (0.9026)&rang;phosphorus (0.8819)&rang;potassium (0.8561). The root mean square error (RMSE) were nitrogen (0.3191) &lang;phosphorus (0.4978)&lang;potassium (0.5128). Imaging technology can analyze the change of texture and other characteristics that were caused by plant nutrient deficiency. Texture features were extracted from images under-sensitive wavelength by using principal component analysis. The nutrients models of the tomato leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium based on image features were established by stepwise regression, principal component regression and partial least squares method respectively. The results verified that the principal component regression models outperformed others models of nitrogen and phosphorus, while partial least squares method get the best models of phosphorus. The correlation coefficient R of the best models were nitrogen (0.9271)&rang;potassium (0.8991) &rang;phosphorus (0.8673). The root mean square error (RMSE) were nitrogen (0.3413)&lang;phosphorus (0.3994)&lang;potassium (0.5628). For overcoming the inadequacies of models build with single feature sauce, diagnosed models of multi-information fusion was established for tomato nutrients stress via artificial neural network modeling. Feature layer fusion was combining with the internal components and external morphological caused by crop nutrients stress. The correlation coefficient R of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 0.9651, 0.9216 and 0.9353. The root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.19, 0.33 and 0.29. Results fully showed that the spectra reflection technology and image technology after feature layer integration models were better than spectra reflection or single image technology. Artificial neural network models of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium improve the correlation coefficient R accurately were 6.25%, 3.97%, 7.92% than the single spectral model and 3.80%, 5.43%, 3.26% than the single image model. Furthermore, the detection root mean square error was reducing. The results showed that the multi-information fusion models achieve a substantial increase in model accuracy and have better diagnostic accuracy in achieving high accuracy compared with a single feature model, thus the rapid and high sensitivity detection of nutritional stress of the tomato leaves could be realized, which provides basis to methods about crop nutrients for the development of fast and accurate diagnostic instrument with important academic value and application prospect. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Crops - Fertilizers - Fruits - Image processing - Information fusion - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Neural networks - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers  - Nutrients - Nutrition - Phosphorus - Plants (botany) - Potassium - Reflection - Regression analysis - Spectrum analysis - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial neural network modeling - Artificial neural network models - High-sensitivity detection - Monitoring and diagnosis - Multi-information fusion - Partial least-squares method - Principal component regression - Tomato leaves
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 933 Solid State Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20150400457924
Title:Effects of different drying methods on physical characteristics of beef jerky
Authors:Xie, Xiaolei (1); Li, Xia (1); Zhang, Chunhui (1); Wang, Jinzhi (1); Jia, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chunhui
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:346-354
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Effects of combined mid-infrared and hot air (CMIHA) drying and hot air (HA) drying on the physical characteristics of beef jerky were investigated in this paper. Physical characteristic was one of the most important quality characteristics for drying food, such as beef jerky. Different drying methods had different physical characteristic. In terms of HA drying, which was often used in factory, lower drying efficiency and physical characteristics were the main problems that demanded to be resolved. CMIHA drying was a new drying method used in beef jerky, which could improve drying efficiency and reduce energy-consumption, but the reason why it could improve quality of jerky, especially the physical characteristic, were still unknown. So, the physical characteristic (color and texture characteristic) of beef jerky was studied in this paper. Firstly, for studying the color characteristic of jerky drying CMIHA and HA drying, the changed of L^*, a^* and b^* value during drying were investigated, and then contents of myoglobin, metmyoglobin, oxymyoglobin and heme iron were studied to explain the changes of color. Secondly, the changes of shear force and TPA of jerky were determined during drying, and then the changes of microstructure, ultra microstructure and H proton density images of jerky were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively, to explain the changes of texture properties. The results showed that, compared with HA drying, CMIHA drying could significantly improve (P&lang;0.05) the values of L^*, a^* and b^*, decrease the value of shear force and increase the values of spring, gumminess and chewiness of jerky during the later stage of drying. As we all known, different myoglobin could make meat have different color, myoglobin was kermesinus, oxymyoglobin was bright red and metmyoglobin was taupe brown. Compared with HA, CMIHA drying could reduce the oxidation of myoglobin, and increase the contents myoglobin, oxymyoglobin and heme iron, reduce the content of metmyoglobin, which could make jerky have better color than HA drying. SEM and TEM shown that compared with HA drying, CMIHA drying could keep the myofiber of jerky in better shape, reduce the shrinkage of myofiber and sarcomere, and increase the dissolve of Z line. This could explain why jerky dried with CMIHA had better tenderness, spring, and chewiness than HA drying. Results of MRI shown that the H proton density of jerky drying the two drying methods were all decreasing and shrinkage, but compared with HA drying, CMIHA drying could reduce the shrinkage of H proton density and make the distribution of water in surface and inside are uniformity, which could made jerky have better spring and chewiness. So, compared with HA drying, CMIHA drying could reduce the oxidation of myoglobin, and increase the contents myoglobin, oxymyoglobin and heme iron, reduce the content of metmyoglobin, so as to improve the color characteristic. Besides, CMIHA drying could make myofiber in good shape, reduce the shrinkage of myofiber and sarcomere, increase the dissolve of Z line and make the distribution of water in surface and inside are uniformity. So as to improve the physical characteristics of beef jerky, this study can offer better theoretical foundation for the application of CMIHA drying on beef jerky to improve the physical characteristics. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Infrared drying
Controlled terms:Beef - Color - Drying - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Infrared devices - Iron - Magnetic resonance imaging - Meats - Microstructure  - Porphyrins - Protons - Scanning electron microscopy - Shrinkage - Textures - Thermal processing (foods) - Transmission electron microscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution of water - Hot air - Midinfrared - Myoglobin - Physical characteristics - Quality characteristic - Reduce energy consumption - Theoretical foundations
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 545.1 Iron - 642.1 Process Heating - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 746 Imaging Techniques - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 932.1 High Energy Physics - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20150400457912
Title:Effects of urea and inorganic saline soil on anaerobic digestion of straw
Authors:Duan, Na (1); Lin, Cong (1); Tian, Hailin (1); Zhong, Mingzhu (1); Zhang, Duojiao (1); Liang, Shan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Cong
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:254-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a large agricultural country with the most abundant straw resources in the world. In 2010, the amount of collected straw reached 700 million tons, Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is a widely applied technology can achieve resource utilization of straw, as well as produce clean energy. Straw is one kind of typical carbon-rich biomass, which is easy to acidify in the AD process, even more influence the biogas production and system performance. Additive has the function of adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio, promoting AD process and relieving acidification process, thus, adding additive has been considered as an alternative method to improve the AD process. In this study, the crushed corn straw were conducted in batch reactor with the feeding concentration of 6%TS at (40&plusmn;1), urea and inorganic salts soil were used as additives for the straw anaerobic digestion. There are six treatments in this study, including pure straw without adding additive (R1), adding urea with the C/N of 25/1(R2) and 30/1 (R3), adding inorganic salts soil of 10% (R4) and 20% (R5) (based on fresh weight of straw), as well as a control only adding inoculum (R6). The pH value, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, biogas production and other indicators had been measured in the whole process of 49 days. Acidification phenomenon occurred in the second day for all the treatments and 300 mL of cultivated inoculum was added for each treatment. The results indicated that adding inorganic salts soil and urea displayed significant buffering action to the straw anaerobic digestion process. The pH value of R1-R5 ranged at 6.11-6.60, 6.69-7.09, 6.60-7.16, 6.30-7.01 and 6.39-6.97 from the third day to the seventh day, respectively. While the VFAs concentration of R1-R5 was 0.38, 0.37, 0.33, 0.22 and 0.17g/L, among which, acetic acid accounting for 60.78%, 43.82%, 57.62%, 21.00% and 27.64%, respectively. According to ATP results, the microorganisms quantity might increased by adding the urea and inorganic salts soil. The ATP peak of R1-R5 was 724, 996, 1236, 1040 and 1248 nmol/L, respectively. Compared with the pure straw treatment (R1), R2-R5 made microorganisms quantity increased by 2.76&times;10¹¹, 5.19&times;10¹¹, 3.20&times;10¹¹ and 5.31&times;10¹¹ of per liter digested liquid, For the anaerobic digestion system with acidification problem and low methanobacteria activity, the promoting action of urea and inorganic salts soil may be influenced and weakened. Compared with the pure straw treatment, the more adding amount of urea and inorganic salts soil, the less of the biogas production, however, it could make the gas peaked one day, two days and four days earlier respectively by adding urea (25:1), adding urea (30:1) and adding 10% inorganic salts soil under the anaerobic digestion system with acidification problem and low methanobacteria activity. In short, it is a good solution to avoid acidification problem by adding urea and inorganic salts soil, the amount and regulation method should be further studied. It is helpful to avoid acidification problem and reduce the interference of promoting effects of adding urea and inorganic salts soil by changing the feeding way (like batch feeding way) and strengthening the microorganisms activity. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Acidification - Additives - Adenosinetriphosphate - Batch reactors - Biogas - Carbon - Digestive system - Fatty acids - Feeding - Interference suppression  - Metabolism - Microbiology - Microorganisms - pH - Salts - Soils - Straw - Urea - Volatile fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Acidification problem - Anaerobic digestion process - Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production - Carbon-nitrogen ratio - Inorganic salts - Resource utilizations - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.2 Food Processing Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20150400457894
Title:Efficiency of mechanical production mode in paddy rice-wheat double cropping area of Jiangsu province
Authors:Cao, Weihua (1); Yang, Minli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) China Research Center for Agricultural Mechanization Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Minli
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:89-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To guide selection of the appropriate mechanical production mode within a certain area, the government and producers should make a choice according to production efficiency of the mode and to optimize its efficiency. The research sorted mechanization production mode, based on the degree of used agricultural machinery under a certain type of organizers in the production process (The organizers' type such as: individual farmer, family farm, agricultural production cooperatives for their own use machinery, agricultural machinery service cooperation, agricultural enterprise for their own use machinery, agricultural enterprise provide agricultural machinery operation service. The degree of used agricultural machinery is divided into 8 levels: less than 4 processes, with 4-7 processes, more than 7 processes, or fully mechanized are in 10 ones for field production, and on the basis of the above four types field production extended to postpartum processing), and focused on efficiency of 24 typical modes with Paddy rice-wheat rotation planting in double crop production area in Jiangsu province. The primary data was collected from field investigated, and for respectively output targets to a money income for government or the grain yield for producers. The DEA-Tobit method was applied for analyzing the different patterns under different output object for production efficiency and the influence factors. The relationship between production mode and its efficiency was obtained. In addition, including to the relationship between the efficiency and a few influence factors with mechanized production were analyzed. Results of this study clearly provide to us, the efficiency is significant difference under each output targets. If we want to obtain high efficiency based on object for money income, it shows that efficiency is higher in mechanized production pattern of the characteristics, which is more high degree of using agricultural machinery operation in the production process, and which is cooperation organization or the agricultural enterprise with the agricultural machinery to do some operation service for the planting farmers. However, if we want to high efficiency focus on yield production, the members participate in mechanized production with local and for their own use agricultural machinery, and the patterns of mechanization operation is in large proportion. And the efficiency is related to the six factors, such as financial subsidy accounts for total investment, the cultivated area condition, educated labors are the great positive effected factors to efficiency of production patterns. The proportion of agricultural machinery and laborer, on average monetary value of machinery, and the planting area for each laborer are affected efficiency to the different production patterns with positive or negative. And most of the mechanization production modes are in the scale of diminishing returns at the present situation, that is affected to the investment option and management scale. Therefore, according to the different output targets, it should choose mode in higher degree of using mechanization production operation within a certain organizers, and for the efficiency adjust influence factors accordingly. The research results contribute to choose the suitable mechanization production mode, and provide reference ways to improve the efficiency for the producers and government. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Efficiency
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Cultivation - Economics - Investments - Mechanization - Optimization - Production
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural enterprise - Agricultural productions - DEA-Tobit - Double cropping - Influence factors - Mechanical production - Production efficiency - Production operations
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20150400457902
Title:Impact of spring maize seeding growth on yield and assessment models of production cut under background of spring drought
Authors:Ma, Shuqing (1); Wang, Qi (2); Chen, Fengtao (3); Xu, Liping (3); Zhang, Tielin (3); Yu, Hai (3); Ji, Lingling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun, China; (2) Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun, China; (3) Agrometeorological Observatory of Yushu County of Jilin Province, Yushu, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:171-179
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northeast China is a major production area of spring maize. As the slight change of precipitation in spring, the spring drought for maize is frequent. To establish maize spring drought index and quantitative assessment modes based on maize seeding growth, water stress-sowing date field experiments were carried out in the spring of 2010 and 2011 in a maize product area (Yushu city) of the Northeast China. 4 water treatments (no drought, slight, moderate, severe) and 3 sowing date treatments (normal, relatively late and late, each interval for ten days) were designed in the experiment, and soil moisture controlled by the canopy and artificial irrigation. The soil moisture, maize emergence date, emergence rate, leaf age, plant height, biomass in the range of 7th leaf and yield were observed. The spring drought assessment modes were established by analyzing the response of yield to emergence date and seeding growth with regression method. The results showed that the yield of maize was significantly correlated with the emergence date, emergence rate, seeding height, leaf age and seeding biomass. The relationships modes between the relative yield and relative value of the seedling growth factor most as linear functions. Delayed seeding would reduce maize yield, which will be declined by 2.9% when the seeding date was delayed by a day. When emergence rate was decreased by 10%, the yield will be dropped by 9.2%. If the height, leaf age and plant dry quality was reduced by 10%, the yield would drop by 13.4%, 11.1% and 5.5%, respectively. The spring drought cut assessment model which can quantitatively assess or forecast the spring drought impact on the yield by emergence date, emergence rate, leaf age and plant dry quality, and the assessment error was about 6.5%, application test also proved that the effect is batter. The relation modes of relative yield and seedling date delayed days, leaf age difference, emergence rate and seedling dry mass were significant, and the physical and biological meaning of such yield evaluation modes were clear with a high statistical reliability. 2a experimental data fitting test and 3a antual application, the errors are within &plusmn;6%. This method is simple and objective which can be applied to the real-time quantitative assessment of drought cut through simple's observation and calculation of spring drought, and provides scientific basis for mitigating disaster and developing the business of the drought insurance. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Crops - Drought - Ecology - Models - Moisture - Moisture control - Regression analysis - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Assessment models - Emergence situation - Field experiment - Maize yield - Quantitative assessments - Regression method - Scientific basis - Statistical reliability
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20150400457927
Title:Hydrogen sulfide facilitating enhancement of antioxidant ability and maintainance of fruit quality of kiwifruits during low-temperature storage
Authors:Shen, Yonggen (1); Wang, Wei (1); Zhang, Wei (1); Zhu, Liqin (1); Li, Bangming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Engineering Laboratory for Agro-processing and Safety Control of Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China; (2) Bureau of Agriculture of Fengxin, Fengxin, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Liqin
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:367-372
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the present study, the effects of treatment with 45 &micro;mol/L hydrogen sulfide (H<inf>2</inf>S) in inhibiting the ripening of kiwifruits stored at (2&plusmn;1) and RH 85%-90% for 105 days were investigated. The results indicated that kiwifruits treated with H<inf>2</inf>S exhibited significantly higher vitamin C (Vit C), chlorophyll content and firmness and significantly lower soluble solids content (SSC) (P&lang;0.05). In addition, H<inf>2</inf>S treatment significantly inhibited the increases in membrane permeability and reduced O&middot;<inf>2</inf>^- production rate and H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> content (P&lang;0.05). Furthermore, treatment with H<inf>2</inf>S significantly enhanced the activity of SOD, CAT and POD of kiwifruits during the low-temperature storage (P&lang;0.05). This study suggested that H<inf>2</inf>S could delay the maturation and senescence of kiwifruits by enhancing antioxidant systems during low temperature storage. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Hydrogen sulfide
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Energy storage - Enzyme activity - Fruits - Hydrogen storage - Sulfur compounds - Sulfur determination - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Antioxidant enzyme activity - Chlorophyll contents - Kiwifruits - Low-temperature storage - Membrane permeability - Postharvest - Reactive oxygen species - Soluble solids content
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 801 Chemistry - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20150400457918
Title:Detection of electrical properties of soybean milk based on AC impedance method
Authors:Song, Hualu (1); Yan, Yinfa (1); Song, Zhanhua (1); Chen, Chen (1); Li, Fade (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an, China
Corresponding author:Li, Fade
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:298-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to rapidly detect soybean milk quality and to optimize the frequency of power for ohmic heating device, the electrical impedance characteristics of soybean milk with different solid contents (ranging from 1.01% to 9.58%) at different temperatures (ranging from 30to 85 with 5 interval) were measured with an impedance analyzer at a frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 12 MHz. The impedance analyzer equipped with a commercial conductivity electrode (DJS-10) was operated at a measurement voltage of 50 mV. The temperature of the soybean milk contained in a jacket beaker was controlled with water flowing through the jacket at a constant temperature. The results showed that the impedance amplitude of the soybean milk decreased with the increase in frequency at a low frequency (f&lang;300 Hz), and the impedance amplitude of the soybean milk did not change in the middle-frequency range (300 Hz &lang;f&lang;300 kHz), while the impedance amplitude of the soybean milk decreased with the increase in frequency at a high frequency (f&rang;300 kHz). The impedance phase angle decreased with the increase in frequency at the low frequency range, and it tended to be zero in the middle-frequency range, while it showed the trend of increase in the high frequencies range. The results showed that the electrical impedance of soybean milk was significantly influenced by the temperature and solid content of soybean milk. There were clear distinctions among the Nyquist plot of electrical impedance for soybean milk with different solid contents at different temperatures. The electrical impedance amplitude of the soybean milk decreased with the increase in temperature and solid content in full frequency range. The impedance phase angle of the soybean milk increased with the increase in temperature and solid content in the low frequency range, while it showed the trend of decrease in the high frequency range. An equivalent electrical circuit of soybean milk which consisted of a resistor a capacitor and a constant phase element (CPE) was built for simulating the impedance data acquired during experiments. The electrical parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit were acquired with the ZSimpWin software. By analyzing the change in the impedance of the soybean milk with the frequency, combining with the equivalent circuit model, it was concluded that the frequency of the power for ohmic heating should be in the range from 300 Hz to 300 kHz. The experimental results also showed that the equivalent resistance (R) of soybean milk decreased with the increase in the temperature and the solids content, respectively. By the regression analysis on the data, it was found that the relationship between the equivalent resistance (R) and the temperature could be described by a negative exponential function (the coefficient of determination R² was 0.996 at the solid content of 9.58%, P&lang;0.01), the relationship between the equivalent resistance (R) and the solid content could be also described by a negative exponential function (the coefficient of determination R² was 0.992 at 40, P&lang;0.01). The value of Q (one of the parameters for describing the CPE) decreased with the increase in temperature; however, if the solid content of soybean milk was more than 3.5%, the value of Q increased sharply. The value of n (the other parameter for describing the CPE) increased with the increase in temperature, but it did not changed significantly with the solid content (ranged from 1.01% to 9.58%). The results in this research should be taken as a reference for selecting the frequency of the power for designing an ohmic heating system. In addition, the results also founded a method for detecting rapidly soybean milk quality on the analysis of electric parameters of soybean milk. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Dielectric properties - Electric impedance - Electric impedance measurement - Exponential functions - Heating equipment - Measurements - Networks (circuits) - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:AC impedance method - Coefficient of determination - Electrical impedance characteristics - Equivalent electrical circuits - Lectrical properties - Negative exponential functions - Solid contents - Soybean milks
Classification code:642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 703.1 Electric Networks - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20150400457900
Title:Prediction model of reference crop evapotranspiration based on extreme learning machine
Authors:Feng, Yu (1); Cui, Ningbo (1); Gong, Daozhi (3); Wei, Xinping (1); Wang, Junqin (4)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering and College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; (2) Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, Chengdu, China; (3) State Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Water Use and Disaster Loss Reduction of Crops, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China; (4) Sichuan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Chengdu, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Ningbo
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:153-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) is an essential parameter of water resource planning and management. Accurate estimation of ET<inf>0</inf> becomes vital in planning and optimizing irrigation schedules and irrigation systems management. Numerous methods have been proposed for estimating ET<inf>0</inf>, among which Penman-Monteith (P-M) model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 1998 is the best one. FAO accepted the P-M model as the standard and sole equation for ET<inf>0</inf> estimation since it provided the most accurate results across the world wherever in an arid or humid environment. But the main problems for computing ET<inf>0</inf> by the P-M model are its complicated nonlinear process and requirements of many climatic variables. Thus, it is urgent to develop a simpler and more appropriate model in areas with limited data especially in developing countries like China. In the current study, the applicability of extreme learning machine (ELM) in ET<inf>0</inf> modeling based on limited data was assessed in the humid environment in hilly area of central Sichuan, China. In addition, four climate-based models (Hargreaves, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink and Irmark-Allen) and the ELM model were tested against the P-M model to study their performance by using three commonly used criteria: root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R²) and efficiency coefficient (E<inf>ns</inf>). From the statistical results, the ELM model performed well in expressing the nonlinear relationship between ET<inf>0</inf> and meteorological factors; when based on temperature data, the ELM model performed better than Hargreaves model which is an empirical temperature-based model. When radiation and temperature data were introduced in the ELM model, the error decreased significantly, and it was much more accurate than the Priestley-Taylor, Makkink and Irmark-Allen model. It was found that the ELM model, which required maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature and sunshine duration input variables, had the best accuracy and was the optimal approach to estimate ET<inf>0</inf> when the complete weather data required by the P-M model were not available. The further assessment of ELM was conducted and it was confirmed that the model could provide a powerful tool in estimating ET<inf>0</inf> in the humid environment like hilly area of central Sichuan when lack of meteorological data. The research could provide a reference to accurate ET<inf>0</inf> estimation in hilly area of central Sichuan. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Climate models
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Crops - Developing countries - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Knowledge acquisition - Learning systems - Mean square error - Meteorology - Models  - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Extreme learning machine - Food and agriculture organizations - Non-linear relationships - Predicting models - Reference crop evapotranspirations - Sichuan - Water resource planning
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 902.1 Engineering Graphics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20150400457899
Title:Trend in reference crop evapotranspiration and meteorological factors affecting trends in Inner Mongolia
Authors:Wang, Xiaoxiao (1); Pan, Xuebiao (1); Gu, Shenghao (1); Hu, Qi (1); Wei, Pei (1); Pan, Yuying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) Scientific and Observing Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
Corresponding author:Pan, Xuebiao
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:142-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is vital to explore the effect of climate change on reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) in grasslands of different types in Inner Mongolia. According to the index of moisture raised by Ivanov, Inner Mongolia was divided into five different types of grassland including, in order of the vegetation amount, meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, steppe desert and desert. Based on the FAO Penman-Monteith equation, the distribution and temporal-spatial variation of ET<inf>0</inf>, ET<inf>rad</inf> and ET<inf>aero</inf> and the meteorological factors were studied in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2010. The variations of monthly and annual ET<inf>0</inf>, ET<inf>rad</inf>, ET<inf>aero</inf> and the correlated meteorological factors such as wind speed, daily average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours were analyzed respectively. The correlation of wind speed, daily average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours with ET<inf>0</inf> were analyzed. The results showed that the mean ET<inf>0</inf> of different sites varied from 570 mm to 1674 mm in the past 50 years, and there was a marked geographical difference in ET<inf>0</inf> and its constituents (ET<inf>rad</inf> and ET<inf>aero</inf>), which decreased from the West to the East, crossing the desert, steppe desert, desert steppe, typical steppe and meadow steppe successively. The ET<inf>0</inf> of those five zones during growth season accounted for 80% of the whole year and reached the peak in June while ET<inf>rad</inf> and ET<inf>aero</inf> peaked in July and May. Trends of ET<inf>0</inf> varied from-48 mm/10a to 50 mm/10a across the Inner Mongolia. ET<inf>0</inf> of desert, steppe desert and desert steppe decreased not significantly and those of typical steppe had an upward trend not significantly, while ET<inf>0</inf> of meadow steppe increased significantly. ET<inf>rad</inf> increased in Inner Mongolia but ET<inf>aero</inf> decreased significantly in Inner Mongolia except meadow steppe. The ET<inf>0</inf> of May and June decreased significantly in Inner Mongolia annually. Meanwhile, the ET<inf>rad</inf> of almost all the months in growth period increased but the ET<inf>aero</inf> decreased. The absolute values of partial correlation coefficients between ET<inf>0</inf> and meteorological factors indicated that wind played the most important role in the changes of ET<inf>0</inf> in the Midwest of Inner Mongolia, where ET<inf>0</inf> of most sites experienced a downward trend with the significant decline of wind speed and the contribution of ET<inf>aero</inf> to ET<inf>0</inf> overtook that of ET<inf>rad</inf>. As the secondary meteorological factor, the significant increase of temperature did not lead to a significant increase of ET<inf>0</inf> in Inner Mongolia. Relative humidity, as the third factor, experienced a significant decrease and was negative to ET<inf>0</inf>. The decrease of ET<inf>0</inf> was triggered by the reduction of sunshine hours, which was the fourth factor. Due to the combined effects of various meteorological factors, ET<inf>0</inf> increased significantly in meadow steppe and the east of typical steppe. The present research indicated that the Midwest of Inner Mongolia including desert, steppe desert and desert steppe were facing a serious situation and the East of Inner Mongolia, a place called thriving grasslands, including typical steppe and meadow steppe were going to be exposed to the potential risk of deterioration, providing a scientific basis for the eco-environmental conservation and sustainable development of grasslands in Inner Mongolia. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Climate change - Correlation methods - Crops - Evapotranspiration - Landforms - Sustainable development - Temperature - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Fao penman monteiths - Grassland - Meteorological factors - Partial correlation - Reference crop evapotranspirations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20150400457903
Title:Sediment transport characteristics in cannal irrigation district
Authors:Zhang, Xiaoshuai (1); Zhang, Yaozhe (1); Dang, Yongren (2); Wang, Bo (1); Zhang, Fangfang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China; (2) Jinghuiqu Administration Bureau, Sanyuan, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yaozhe
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:180-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to non-uniformity of precipitation distribution, irrigation plays an irreplaceable role in agriculture, and diversion channel is the main form in irrigation district. Water and sediment is always indivisible, so it's always inevitable to divert water at the same time not to divert sediment into the irrigation system. In this paper, the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment in the irrigation canals in the irrigation system are mainly studied. Based on the field data sampled in Jinghuiqu irrigation district during the summer and autumn irrigation period in 2013, the temporal and spatial variation laws of sediment concentration and gradation of the suspended load will be researched and the transport characteristics of the suspended load of different size will be described quantitatively in order to provide basis for sediment treatment and the further research on the theory and technique on regulating the sediment in muddy flow in irrigation channels. The sampling and measurement work have been carried out along a selected typical channel-line from main canal to branch canal to lateral canal in Jinghuiqu irrigation district. Several sediment measuring lines are arranged in each testing station cross-section where muddy water sampling and flow measuring are carried out, and bed material sampling on the canal bottom is carried out respectively before and after muddy water sampling. The laser particle size analyzer is used to measure the particle size of the sediment sample. The vertical distribution of sediment concentration of the total load and sediment particles with different size are further analyzed. It shows that the vertical distribution of sediment concentration of the total load basically obeys Rouse formula and the Z value ranges from 0.001 to 0.015. But the vertical distribution characteristics of sediment particles with different size are different. The concentration of coarse particles decreases with the increase of relative water depth, while the vertical distribution of fine particles whose diameter is less than 0.001 mm shows certain randomness. Meanwhile, the variation laws of vertical distribution of sediment concentration in sedimentation condition have been verified. In non-equilibrium super-saturation transportation condition, sediment concentration is well-distribution in vertical, and super-saturation degree increases with the increase of relative water depth. The vertical distribution of sediment concentration adjusts in the sedimentation process, and adjustment amplitude of upper water is stronger than lower water. The calculation results of the variation and adjustment of sediment with different grain sizes demonstrate that sediment with different grain sizes have different transport characteristics. Incoming sediment particles in Jinghuiqu irrigation district during the summer and autumn irrigation period are very fine and the upper limit diameter is 0.05 mm. Scouring-deposition variation of each size-group sediment is not completely consistent with the total load, but the coarse particles whose diameter is about larger than 0.015 mm located at the left end of the gradation curve within a certain range obey the same scouring-deposition laws with the total load. It indicates that coarse sediment is sensitive to scouring-deposition process and the adjustment amplitude of scouring-deposition is basically controlled by coarse particles. So sedimentation in irrigation canals is mainly caused by coarse particles. Besides, the movement laws of sediment laden flow and the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment of different size near canal nodes in irrigation canal system are very complicated, and the content ought to be further researched. Muddy water sampling and flow measuring work in Jinghuiqu irrigation district will be carried out sequentially, and the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment in different scouring-deposition process in irrigation canal system will be further studied. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Irrigation canals
Controlled terms:Canals - Deposition - Flow measurement - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain size and shape - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Sediment transport  - Sedimentation - Sediments - Suspended sediments - Transportation
Uncontrolled terms:Irrigation districts - Laser particle size analyzer - Precipitation distribution - Sediment concentration - Suspended loads - Temporal and spatial variation - Transport characteristics - Vertical distributions
Classification code:431 Air Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 433 Railroad Transportation - 434 Waterway Transportation - 434.1 Waterway Transportation, General - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20150400457901
Title:Effects of simulated warming and precipitation change on growth characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat in semi-arid area
Authors:Zhang, Kai (1); Wang, Runyuan (2); Feng, Qi (1); Wang, Heling (2); Zhao, Hong (2); Zhao, Funian (2); Yang, Fulin (2); Lei, Jun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; (2) Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:161-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore and validate the impact of further climate change on spring wheat growth and yield, and to obtain basic features of spring wheat's response to warming and precipitation change, an infrared temperature-increasing simulation experiment was conducted in Dingxi of Gansu Province, Northwest China. With the applications of free air temperature increased system (FATI) and water control devices, different precipitation and air temperature gradients were installed to simulate the effects of climate change on spring wheat growth. The impacts of warming and precipitation change on growth and yield of spring wheat were also analyzed. The results showed that warming of 2 decreased the plant height of spring wheat by 8.55% under normal precipitation condition, and warming of 2 decreased the plant height of spring wheat by 9.65% under the condition of increasing precipitation by 30%. Increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the plant height of spring wheat by 4.8% under normal temperature condition, and increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the plant height of spring wheat by 3.56% under warming of 2. The plant height of spring wheat under the condition of warming of 2 and increasing precipitation by 30% was smaller than that under normal temperature and normal precipitation condition. On the condition of normal precipitation, warming of 2 decreased the leaf area index of spring wheat by 28.15%, and on the condition of increasing precipitation by 30%, warming of 2 decreased the leaf area index of spring wheat by 31.04%. Under normal temperature and warming of 2, the effect of precipitation on leaf area index was not very obvious. The leaf area index of spring wheat under warming of 2 and increasing precipitation by 30% condition was smaller than that under normal temperature and normal precipitation condition. Warming decreased chlorophyll content of spring wheat leaf, and especially after filling stage, the chlorophyll content decreased more significantly. Increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the chlorophyll content of spring wheat leaf under warming of 2. On the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, the dry matter amounts of spring wheat under warming were all smaller than that under normal temperature. Increasing precipitation by 30% was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter under normal temperature and warming. In the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, under the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, warming had a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the leaves and a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the stem, but increasing precipitation by 30% had a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the leaves and a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the stem. In the reproductive growth stage, under the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, warming had a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the panicle, but increasing precipitation by 30% had a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the panicle. Under normal temperature, increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced yield of spring wheat by 4.89%, spikelet number by 4.92%, grains per panicle by 2.44%, grains weight per panicle by 4.99%, 1000-grain weight by 2.64%, length of panicle by 8.66% and weight of panicle by 4.92%. Under normal precipitation, warming of 2 decreased yield of spring wheat by 43.26%, spikelet number by 13.11%, grains per panicle by 15.85%, grains weight per panicle by 27.11%, 1000-grain weight by 13.54%, length of panicle by 14.96% and weight of panicle by 24.93%. Water addition had a positive effect on the yield of spring wheat, while warming did not help to improve the yield of spring wheat; even in the case of increasing precipitation, warming still had an adverse effect on yield. The research results can give the theoretical references for the sensitivity and adaptability of spring wheat in semi-arid area of China under global climate change. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Atmospheric temperature - Chlorophyll - Climate change - Crops - Grain growth - Growth (materials) - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Global climate changes - Growth characteristic - Partition coefficient - Semiarid area - Spring wheat - Temperature conditions - Yield
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20150400457897
Title:Simulation of water use process by film mulched cultivated maize based on improved AquaCrop model and its verification
Authors:Yang, Ning (1); Sun, Zhanxiang (1); Zhang, Lizhen (3); Zheng, Jiaming (2); Feng, Liangshan (2); Li, Kaiyu (2); Zhang, Zhe (1); Feng, Chen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; (2) Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Engineering Research Centre for Dryland and Water-Efficient Farming of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Zhanxiang
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:122-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Model simulated crop growth and productivity has been a widely accepted and powerful tool for assessing agricultural production in response to weather, soil, water and nutrients management. A water-driven AquaCrop model recommended by FAO can evaluate the various crops growing across climate, soil, water deficit and irrigation management conditions apart from surface soil mulching process. In this study, AquaCrop model for simulating maize (Zea mays L.) canopy growth, soil water utilization and grain yield formation of mulching maize with plastic film was developed in the northwest semi-arid region of Liaoning province, China (121.70&deg;E, 42.11&deg;N). Based upon invariance of growing degree days (GDD) principle, we modified mean daily air temperature calculation method of AquaCrop model for maize with plastic film mulch according to compensatory effect of cumulative soil temperature to cumulative air temperature, and calibrated this developed model using measured experimental data of growing days, water consumption and grain yield in 2011; the two-year experimental data from 2012 and 2013 were used to validate the developed model for simulating canopy cover (CC), soil water content (SWC); three-year filed experimental data from 2011 to 2013 were used to validate the developed the model for grain yield and water use efficiency under maize rainfed conditions. The modified calculation of air temperature showed that, depending on the linear regression relationship between mean daily air temperature and soil temperature (at 5 cm depth) under plastic film mulching and non-mulching (R²&rang;0.8), the raised soil temperature in the mulched maize field was remarkable before tasseling stage. The compensatory coefficient (C<inf>maize</inf>) of mulching plastic film maize and air increment of cumulative soil temperature to cumulative air temperature can be generated continuously by transparent algorithms, which Cmaize was 1.356 from sowing to emergence, 0.635 from emergence to tasseling stage, and 0 after flowing. Furthermore, mean daily air temperature with the addition of air increment formed a new file (*. tmp) and input to AquaCrop's climate module which can modify by function could be applied to mulching plastic film maize growing. Model coefficient of efficiency (CE), coefficient of determination (R²), the relative root mean square error (RRMSE), prediction error (Pe) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM) were used to test the model performance. The developed AquaCrop model was calibrated for simulating maize growing days, water consumption and grain yield for mulched and no-mulched maize with the prediction error statistics -4%&lang;P<inf>e</inf>&lang;-1%, 0.01&lang;RRMSE&lang;0.06 and -0.013&lang;CRM&lang;0.045, respectively. Also, the developed AquaCrop model was also validated for simulating CC and SWC for all treatments with prediction error statistics R²&rang;0.88, 0.09&lang;RRMSE&lang;0.39, CE&rang;0.87.Upon validation, the P<inf>e</inf> in simulation of water consumption and grain yield under mulched and no-mulched maize was among &plusmn;6%. In addition, R², RRMSE, CE of grain and water use efficiency during 2011 to 2013 were 0.96 and 0.93, 0.042 and 0.06, 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. The developed AquaCrop model predicted maize grain yield with higher accuracy and performed better yield than water use efficiency for mulching plastic film maize, which indicated this improved model were better mechanism and application for simulated maize mulching. The present research implicated that the developed AquaCrop model can be applied to the same to semi-arid region and simulated maize potential, or prescribing yield in response to water and temperature limiting factors under climate change. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Arid regions - Atmospheric temperature - Calibration - Climate change - Climate models - Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Error statistics  - Evapotranspiration - Film growth - Forecasting - Grain growth - Mean square error - Models - Plastic films - Soil moisture - Soils - Temperature  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Canopy cover - Compensatory effects - Corps - Plastic film mulching - Soil water content - Water use efficiency
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20150400457919
Title:Effect of corona discharge field processing on vigor of three layers of paddy seeds
Authors:Xu, Jiang (1); Guo, Shouzhi (1); Jia, Guoliang (1); Zhang, Ning (1); Song, Zhanhua (1); Xu, Guanghu (1); Zhang, Chunqing (2); Li, Fade (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an, China
Corresponding author:Li, Fade
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:307-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to increase the efficiency of a corona discharge field processing aged paddy seeds, a positive pulse corona discharged field consisting of an arc-shaped prick electrode array and a plate electrode (as the grounding electrode) was developed in this research. The gap between the arc-shaped electrode array and the plate was 50 mm. After adjusted with an AC transformer and converted into the positive pulse DC voltage with a diode (a half-wave rectifier), the positive pulse high voltage was supplied to the arc-shaped electrode array, it was 18 kV, 20 kV and 22 kV (RMS), respectively. The treatment time was 4 min. The effect of the corona discharge field on the vitality index of 3-layer of the aged paddy seed laid on the plate electrode was explored. The seeds were separated with a plastic gauze. The results showed that the positive pulse corona discharged field had the different effects on the vitality index of the paddy seeds laid on the different positions at the same processing voltage and time. It was found that the four vitality indexes (the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index) of the upper layer paddy seeds had been significantly improved (P&lang;0.01 or P&lang;0.05) in comparison with the untreated samples at 18 kV (RSM), however, the four vitality indexes of the middle and the lower layers were not significantly different from that of the CK. The four indexes of all treated samples at 20 kV (RSM) were significantly increased in comparison with that of the CK (P&lang;0.01 or P&lang;0.05), in addition, there were no differences between the different layer samples (P&rang;0.05). The germination rate, germination index and vigor index of the lower layer paddy seeds at 22 kV (RSM) were significantly higher than that of the CK (P&lang;0.01 or P&lang;0.05), but the vitality indexes of the upper and the middle layer paddy seeds had no significant differences in comparison with that of the CK. It was also found that the germination peak numbers of the upper layer seeds at 18 kV (RMS), all layer seeds at 20 kV (RMS), and both of the middle and lower layer seeds at 22 kV (RMS) appeared one day in advance during germination. This results were consistent with the improvement of the vitality indexes. The results showed that the corona discharge field for processing the multi-layer seeds to increase seed vitality index was feasible. However, the treatment energy supplied to seeds by a corona discharge field should be in an optimum range, it means that there is an optimum treatment condition, including the electric field strength and processing time. The mechanism of a corona discharge field improving the germination of seed perhaps is resulted in the reorientation and rearrangement of the membrane components in dry seed during processed with an electric field, but it should be further researched. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Electric corona
Controlled terms:Cultivation - DC transformers - Dielectric properties - Electric discharges - Electric fields - Electric rectifiers - Electrodes - Grounding electrodes - Seed - Separation
Uncontrolled terms:Corona discharges - Electric field strength - Germination peak number - Germination potential - Half-wave rectifiers - Membrane components - Penetration effects - Treatment conditions
Classification code:701 Electricity and Magnetism - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20150400457923
Title:Technological parameters optimization for improving quality of heated-air dried alfalfa
Authors:Wang, Wenming (1); Chen, Hongyi (1); Zhao, Manquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; (2) Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Manquan
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:337-345
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Alfalfa is a perennial herb and it is from the Near East and East Asia. Alfalfa is rich in nutrients and trace elements such as proteins, iron and manganese that is necessary to growing of life. Alfalfa is also the high quality livestock forage. Because alfalfa contains more carbohydrates and less colloidal substances, it is difficult in ensiling. Alfalfa must be dried promptly after hay harvest. With the rapid development of animal husbandry, grass planting area is increasing rapidly. So production and modulation of hay is an important link of hay industrialization in China. Accordingly, alfalfa drying is the necessary pretreatment way of storage and processing after hay harvest. With the characteristics of green color, leaf-rich, soft texture, fragrance and palatability, alfalfa is an essential livestock forage in winter and spring for livestock. Alfalfa is also the main raw material for the forage processing enterprises. Scientific processing methods can effectively reduce the nutritive value loss of hay. It is important to the actual production with the research of drying characteristic and drying technology. In order to study the influence and variable law with different factors in alfalfa drying, solve the problems of low quality of hay alfalfa after drying and provide reference for the actual drying process, alfalfa drying characteristic and technology were investigated using GZ-1 drying test device. Hot air temperature, hot air velocity, culms length, culms physical pretreatment methods, drying aid species and drying aid concentration were discussed with fresh alfalfa based on dried quality which included crude protein content, acid detergent fiber content and neutral detergent fiber content. Then the four factors were optimized through orthogonal experiment. Through experimental analysis, the order of priority which influenced the content of nutrition components in alfalfa is obtained. Finally, significant factors and optimal combination were determined by using analysis of range and variance to experimental data. Hot air temperature, hot air velocity, culms length, culms physical pretreatment methods, drying aid species and drying aid concentration is the main factors which influence hot air drying characteristic. And the main factors which influence crude protein percentage composition and the percentage composition of washing fiber content are hot air temperature and physical pretreatment method respectively. The best drying combination is A2, B2, C1 and D1 that means hot air temperature 70, hot air velocity 2.5 m/s, physical pretreatment methods 10 cm crushed and potash concentration 3%. Dry efficiency is increased and nutritional ingredient is preserved under the optimized technological parameters. The research provides theoretical reference to determine technological parameters of alfalfa hot drying and improve the hot drying quality of alfalfa. It is important to the development of alfalfa industry. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Air - Atmospheric temperature - Digital storage - Nutrition - Processing - Proteins - Solar dryers - Temperature - Trace elements  - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Alfalfa - Drying characteristics - Hot air drying - Neutral detergent fiber - Nutritional ingredients - Percentage composition - Technological parameters - Technological parameters optimization
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.7 Health Care - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 642.1 Process Heating - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.4 Manufacturing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20150400457895
Title:Establishment of evaluation model for tobacco field machinery selection
Authors:Zhang, Weipeng (1); Zheng, Zhian (1); Wang, Gang (3); Gao, Zhenjiang (1); Yang, Baoling (1); Wang, Jicheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) China Research Center for Agricultural Mechanization Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (3) China National Tobacco Corporation, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zhian
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:102-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to avoid the bias occurred in empirical method for agricultural machinery selection, such as testing operation effects by field demonstration or organoleptic evaluation, this essay aims to develop an applicability satisfaction based evaluation solution for the agricultural machinery selection test. By adopting tobacco planting and tobacco field machinery as study objects, a practical production management oriented model is proposed. The process of tobacco planting is divided into ten links of three stages (Preparation, Planting, and Management). An evaluation index system, involving forty-four indexes in all, is set at the same time. In which, ten evaluation models correspond to ten tobacco planting links respectively, while each of the evaluation models consists of four major operational indicators, namely cost, efficiency, effect, and effectiveness. The system samples data from on-site test based on quantitative evaluation indicators as benchmark under agronomic requirements, and builds up a comprehensive evaluation model by means of AHP. The ridging link is taken as an example to demonstrate the application of the model. In the experiment, seven sets of ridging machinery are involved (with serial numbers as I, II, &mellip;, and VII). In which, IV and V are of Caterpillar type; VII is of Multifunctional, and all others are of Walk-Behind. From the process of the experiment, the following performances have been presented. First, the Walk-Behind sets work best from the perspective of operation effect and stability due to their small overall sizes that facilitate adjusting the working attitudes in time. Among all types, these sets show the best also in safety assessment that they have lest risk of rollover when operating between small pieces of fields in hilly area. However, the operation efficiency is hard to be largely increased restricted by the slow walking speed of operator. Second, due to the big size, the Caterpillars are slow in both operation and pushing forward when they are underpowered. The fuel consumption will rise high if the sets are overpowered though the operation efficiency may be improved. Finally, the Multifunctional set shows poor operational comfort and safety on account of the complicated mechanism. In general, by increasing the operational efficiency, compacting the machinery size and improving applicability effectiveness, the ridging machinery will optimize its comprehensive operational efficiency in hilly areas. Viewing from the evaluation results, sets I, III, and II rank high in operation cost, the values of which are 0.91, 0.89 and 0.85. Set V, IV and II rank high in operation efficiency, the values of which are 1, 0.49 and 0.41.Sets II, V, and I are high in operation effect, the value of which are 0.96, 0.69 and 0.66.And sets I, II and V are high in applicability effectiveness, the value of which are 0.93, 0.75 and 0.59. Comprehensively, sets II, I and V feature the best with the applicability satisfaction index of 0.75, 0.68 and 0.66. The results of assessment are consistent with the real local situation and practical performance of the machinery sets in the test process. Thus, the proposed model is reliable to make objective and accurate evaluation of applicability satisfaction for the tobacco machinery in the ten links, and provide relevant ranking for tested machinery sets in each link. The evaluation values will not only provide decision support and quantitative basis for the performance evaluation on the tobacco field machinery, identify the key restriction factors that cause poor operation effect, but also provide a new reference for the selection of agricultural machinery in other planting fields. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:9
Main heading:Tobacco
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Agronomy - Decision support systems - Efficiency - Models - Risk assessment - Safety engineering - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation model - Evaluation index system - Field test - Operation efficiencies - Operational efficiencies - Organoleptic evaluation - Quantitative evaluation - Selection methods
Classification code:423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914 Safety Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20150400457922
Title:Classification, integration of preliminary processing technology in banana producing areas of China
Authors:Xu, Zhenzhen (1); Sun, Jie (3); Zhao, Liang (2); Shen, Jin (3); Zhu, Ming (3); Liao, Xiaojun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Beijing, China; (2) Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Xiaojun
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:332-336
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Banana is the worldwide 2nd fruit with the biggest trade, it is also the only one of top five fruits with trade deficit compared with the other four, like apple, citrus, pear and peach, having great contributions to fruits export business in China. The import quantity of banana is continuing to rise even as the increasing production recent years, meanwhile the loss of banana in its producing area is approaching one million, almost two times of its export quantity in China, which suggests that loss reduction will contribute to shrink the trade deficit. Based on the statistics, more than 700 projects about banana research were approved by the Chinese governments and almost 500 scientific research institutions and universities were involved. However, few of them were about loss reduction in producing areas. Further researches about the exiting preliminary processing technologies may reduce banana loss in its producing area, then trying a new way to break through the bottleneck problem of banana industries and improve banana industry in China. This study has collected all harvesting, plantation transportation, commercialization, storage and transport technologies used currently in banana producing area, do further classification for all those preliminary processing technologies, and integrated four principal technology chains, then gave more information about the current Chinese banana production industry. Compared with other well-developed banana producers in the world, the gaps about large-scale production, market internationalization, technology integration, equipment serialization, facilities supporting and logistics professionalization of Chinese banana production industry are still obvious, which directly induced Chinese banana products showing no international competitiveness, no high-end brands, and only sharing the lower and middle markets. However, large-scale banana plantations are not fully accords with the retails-dominated condition in China, and it is still far away from current situation. Based on that status, how to use the current technologies to promote banana industries upgrade is a tough issue in China. This study attempt to give a feasible way to decrease the loss of banana in its producing area by integrating pre-existing technologies and optimizing organizational modes, and could be used as a reference for the development of Chinese banana industry now and in the future. Actually, how to reduce loss in producing area is a common issue in almost every fruit and vegetable industry, and currently speaking, there is no solution. The research method used in this study, starting from the existing technologies, collecting all harvesting, plantation transportation, commercialization, and storage and transport technologies, classified and integrated, then matched with organizational modes, might be giving a new thought to the other fruits and vegetables industries researches. Taking full advantages of the current technologies could not just give an orientation to information polices and regulations, implement industries development strategy, and upgrade industrial structure, also avoiding the overlapping researches resources and government investments. Fully understanding of preliminary processing technologies and engineering, classification, integration of preliminary processing technology in producing areas could be an attempt to face the loss problems of fruits and vegetables in producing area. Reducing loss and improving quality of fruits and vegetables in the producing area could drive the whole industry development. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:10
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Citrus fruits - Classification (of information) - Commerce - Competition - Integration - Processing - Risk management - Societies and institutions - Transportation - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Banana - Development strategies - International competitiveness - Large scale productions - Preliminary processing - Producing areas - Technology classifications - Technology Integration
Classification code:431 Air Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 433 Railroad Transportation - 434 Waterway Transportation - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.1.1 Societies and Institutions - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.4 Manufacturing - 921.2 Calculus - 922.1 Probability Theory
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20150400457904
Title:Effect of freeze-thawing cycles on nitrogen and phosphor concentrations in black soil under different fertilization modes
Authors:Huang, Qing (1); Liu, Borui (1); Cai, Huajie (1); Zhu, Geyu (1); Bao, Liying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, the freeze-thawing phenomenon occurs in the northeastern region, which happens in autumn, winter and early spring and can affect the structure as well as physical and chemical properties of the black soil. The concentrations and speciation of nutrition elements (nitrogen and phosphor) in black soil are also influenced by the freeze-thawing, which may have effects on the fertility of the soil or even result in eutrophication. In order to find out the change of nitrogen and phosphor concentrations and availability in black soil with various levels of fertilizers under freeze-thawing condition, a simulation freeze-thawing experiment was proposed in this paper. Various levels of inorganic nitrogen and phosphor fertilizers as well as organic fertilizer were applied in 10 maize plots based on the results of investigation on agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province and the specific circumstance of the present experiment. Then the black soil samples were collected from the 10 plots and put through simulative freeze-thawing cycles in the lab. After each cycle, the parameters of the soil samples were analyzed, including the soil properties (moisture contents, mass fraction of organic matters) and mass fractions of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphor and available phosphor. It was shown that freeze-thawing process could increase the moisture contents of soil samples for all the 10 treatments (P&lang;0.05). And under the freeze-thawing condition, the inorganic and organic fertilizers could improve the water holding capacity, resulting in higher moisture contents than the unfertilized soil (P&lang;0.05). The mass fraction of organic matters in soil samples for all the 10 treatments significantly decreased after 5 freeze-thawing cycles, and the highest reduction rate after 5 cycles was obtained in the sample with only organic fertilizer (29.7%, P&lang;0.05). For the samples with inorganic fertilizers, concentrations of total nitrogen decreased significantly after 5 freeze-thawing cycles (P&lang;0.05), indicating that freeze-thawing process could result in the loss of total nitrogen in black soil. The reduction rate of total nitrogen concentration after 5 freeze-thawing cycles was positively related to the quantity of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (r=0.9899) when the level of inorganic phosphor fertilizer was constant. When organic fertilizer was applied, the total nitrogen concentrations in soil samples after 5 freeze-thawing cycles changed insignificantly, therefore the loss of total nitrogen could be inhibited. For all the samples except the one where inorganic nitrogen fertilizer level was the largest, concentrations of available nitrogen increased significantly after 5 freeze-thawing cycles (P&lang;0.05), while the application of inorganic nitrogen and phosphor fertilizers could inhibit the increase of available nitrogen concentration. The increasing rate of available nitrogen concentration after 5 freeze-thawing cycles was negatively related to the quantity of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (r=-0.9675) when the level of inorganic phosphor fertilizer was constant. When the organic fertilizer was applied in the soil samples, the increasing rates of available nitrogen mass fraction were the highest among all the treatment (20.8% and 23.6%, P&lang;0.05), indicating that application of organic fertilizer could improve the availability of nitrogen in black soil. The concentrations of total phosphor in samples for all the treatments changed insignificantly after the freeze-thawing cycles. For all the 10 treatments, the concentrations of available phosphor in soil samples increased after 5 freeze-thawing cycles (P&lang;0.05). The application of either inorganic or organic fertilizer in the experiment could make the increasing rate higher, and the highest occurred when organic fertilizer were applied (23.4% and 27.1%, P&lang;0.05), suggesting that the availability of phosphor in black soil could be higher when organic fertilizer was applied. In conclusion, during the agricultural practice of black soil in cold regions under freeze-thawing condition, the quantity of organic fertilizer applied should increase appropriately in order to inhibit the loss of total nitrogen, as well as to improve the availability of nitrogen and phosphor, so as to maintain the fertility of black soil and lower the risk of eutrophication. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Eutrophication - Fertilizers - Light emission - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nitrogen - Organic compounds  - Phosphors - Soil surveys - Soils - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural practices - Agricultural productions - Black soil - Freeze-thawing cycles - Inorganic fertilizers - Organic fertilizers - Physical and chemical properties - Water holding capacity
Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20150400457898
Title:Variation characteristics of maize effective precipitation and water requirement in Sichuan basin during 1961-2010
Authors:Pang, Yanmei (1); Chen, Chao (3); Pan, Xuebiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu, China; (3) Sichuan Provincial Climate Centre, Chengdu, China
Corresponding author:Pan, Xuebiao
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:133-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop effective precipitation and water requirement are the basis for farmland water management and irrigation. Based on the observation data from 104 meteorology stations during 1961-2010 and phenology data of maize from 17 agrometeorology stations during 1981-2010 over the maize growing regions of Sichuan basin, the effective precipitation of maize of the whole growing period and different growth stages during 1961-2010 in Sichuan basin were estimated by using the reference crop evapotranspiration and precipitation ratio method recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization, and the water requirement of maize also were estimated by using FAO Penman-Monteith equation and crop coefficient method. Further, the water deficit and water budget index in each growth stage of maize were analyzed in the study area. The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristics of effective precipitation of the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize were all significant which were higher in the southwest and northeast areas and lower in the central areas except the growth stage of sowing to jointing. The effective precipitation of the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize decreased over the past 50 years except the growth stage of milky-to-maturity. The change trend of effective precipitation of the whole growing period was between -15.2 to 3.9 mm/10a. The change trend of effective precipitation of the whole growing period was between -15.2 to 3.9 mm/10a. The spatial distribution characteristics of water requirement of the whole growing period and the stage of sowing to jointing were significant which were higher in the west areas and lower in the east areas. The spatial distribution characteristics of water requirement of the stage of jointing to milky were higher in the northeast and west areas and lower in the south areas. The spatial distribution characteristics of water requirement of the stage of milky to ripening were higher in the south areas and lower in the north areas. The water requirement in each growth stage declined over the past 50 years. The change trend of water requirement of the whole growing period was between -12.0 to-0.3 mm/10a. Except during the growth stage of milky to ripening, the spatial distribution characteristics of water deficit of the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize were all significant, which were higher in the north and lower in the south. The water deficit of the whole growing period and the growth stage of jointing-to-maturity decreased over the past 50 years. The change trend of water deficit of the whole growing period was between -10.0 to 8.4 mm/10a. Comparing the water budget index of maize of the typical stations in different study regions, the water deficit was the most serious in the northern basin and the lightest in the western basin. By compare the water deficit of different growth stages of maize, the water deficit of the most serious occurred in the growth stage of sowing-to-joining. This research can provide the basic scientific support for better use of water in agriculture and reasonable irrigation in maize growing regions in Sichuan basin. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Water conservation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Budget control - Climate change - Crops - Irrigation - Precipitation (meteorology) - Spatial distribution - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution characteristics - Food and agriculture organizations - Maize - Reference crop evapotranspirations - Sichuan Basin - Variation characteristics - Water budget - Water requirements
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 446 Waterworks - 451 Air Pollution - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20150400457921
Title:Information variation feature and discriminant capabilities of electronic nose for typical adulteration honey identification
Authors:Pei, Gaopu (1); Shi, Bolin (2); Zhao, Lei (2); Gao, Haiyan (1); Yin, Jingyuan (3); Wang, Houyin (2); Zhi, Ruicong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; (2) Institute of Foods and Agriculture Standardization, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China; (3) School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Bolin
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:325-331
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To establish a method for rapid detection of honey adulteration, in this paper, Acacia honey, Jing nectar, Date honey of market liquidity greatly and rape honey, rice syrup of typical adulterated substances were studied, the electronic nose (e-nose) information of natural honey and adulterated honey that was made by incorporation 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% rape honey and rice syrup were collected by FOX4000 e-nose. The data processing method of principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to study information variation characteristics of the electronic nose of natural honey and adulterated honey, and the minimum amount added that adulterated substances cause honey aroma system changes. On the basis of information variation characteristics of the electronic nose was as the guidance, the pattern recognition algorithm of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was employed to study the ability of qualitative recognition of electronic nose for adulterated honey. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between e-nose signals and the level of adulteration. Adulterated honey samples array from right to left with the increase in the content of adulteration in the direction of the principal component 1, adulterated samples of incorporation rape honey and rice syrup both located on the left side of pure acacia honey and arrayed from right to left in the direction of the principal component 1.The linear relationship of adulterated information was not affected by nectar, and the adulterated samples of date honey, Jing nectar, acacia honey had the same regular pattern, and the linear relationship of adulterated information had universality in honey. The minimum amount to be added of rape honey and rice syrup as adulterated substances that can cause honey aroma system changes were 2% and 1%, respectively. Honey aroma system can easily be changed by added substances. This showed that the electronic nose had a strong discriminable ability for honey adulteration. The linear discriminant analysis linear that was pattern recognition algorithm was employed to distinguish honey adulteration. The results showed that pure honey and adulterated honey can be distinguished by LDA pattern recognition algorithms, and the accuracy of discriminant model was 94.7%, and this achieved the rapid identification for honey adulteration. The pure honey and adulterated honey can be well distinguished, and was far away each other, this show the difference between pure honey and adulterated honey can be discovered by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The method of electronic nose combined with LDA pattern recognition algorithm provided a reference for the identification of fast and accurate of honey adulteration. The study may provide an identification method of effective and rapid for honey adulteration, and had great significance to ensure the healthy development of honey industry. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Electronic nose
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Data handling - Discriminant analysis - Feature extraction - Food products - Odors - Pattern recognition - Principal component analysis - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Adulteration - Data processing methods - Electronic nose (e-nose) - Honey - Identification method - Linear discriminant analysis - Pattern recognition algorithms - Variation characteristics
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20150400457890
Title:Design and performance of Multiway Gravity Device on removing suspended solids in aquaculture water
Authors:Zhang, Chenglin (1); Yang, Jing (1); Zhang, Yulei (1); Wu, Fan (1); Xu, Hao (1); Chen, Shi (1); Ni, Qi (1); Liu, Wei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Shanghai, China; (2) East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Hao
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:53-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Suspended solid (mostly comes from feed residue, fish feces and biological floc) is the most primary pollutant of aquaculture water, especially in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), which will indirectly increase the BOD and oxygen cost and also influence the fish health. Therefore, rapid removal of solid wastes is the most basic unit process in the RAS. Many different kinds of solids removal devices have been developed in these years, such as swirl separator, settling basin, micro-screen drum filter, foam separator. In all these filtrate methods, sedimentation method is one of the most effective and the simplest technology. However, most of the settling devices have the disadvantages of low water treatment capacity and efficiency. For these reasons, a new kind of solids removal device, based on gravity settling, was developed, named as multi-way gravity settler (MGS) which comprises of settling basin, sloping tube material, spray cone and etc. Influent water will firstly flow through a vertical pipe to the bottom of the settling basin. Reflected by the spray cone, the water will uniformly flow through the sloping tube material which can effectively increase the hydraulic retention time of the water and make the suspended solids settling on the surface of the material. In this paper, several tests have been made to evaluate the performance of MGS in different conditions, which use TSS removal efficiency as the test index. Five kinds of hydraulic retention time were designed which were 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. The result showed that by the increasing of hydraulic retention time, the TSS removal efficiency between the inlet and outlet of the MGS was significantly increased (P&lang;0.05). The best removal ratio was 58. 57%&plusmn;10.12%, which appeared when the hydraulic retention time reached 20 min. The difference is not significant although the removal efficiency increased after 20 min. Additionally, four specifications of sloping tube material were designed, which respectively were 35 mm&times;500 mm, 35 mm&times;600 mm, 50 mm&times;500 mm and 50 mm&times;600 mm (diameter&times;height). The result showed that the smaller tube diameter 35 mm could significantly increase the TSS removal efficiency to 49.12% (height=500 mm) and 50.90% (height=600 mm). And there is no significant difference for the removal efficiency between the material height sizes of 500 mm and 600 mm. Combined with the earlier results, the TSS removal ratio for different particle diameters was researched. It showed that for the diameter smaller than 20 &mu;m, the TSS removal ratio was 19.5%, while for the diameter bigger than 60 &mu;m, it could reach more than 90%. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Deposition - Efficiency - Fish - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Pollution - Separators - Settling tanks - Tubes (components)  - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Gravity settler - Hydraulic retention time - Particle diameters - Primary pollutants - Recirculating aquaculture system - Removal efficiencies - Suspended solids - Treatment capacity
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 453 Water Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 471.5 Sea as Source of Minerals and Food - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 822 Food Technology - 913.1 Production Engineering - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20150400457906
Title:Design and experiment of assembled soil temperature sensor
Authors:Zhang, Xin (1); Guo, Rui (1); Li, Wenlong (1); Qiao, Xiaojun (1); Zheng, Wengang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Beijing, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Wengang
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:205-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil temperature is one of most important physical parameters of the soil. It effects the physical, chemical and biochemistry characteristics of the soil. Soil temperature also associates with the crop's growth and physiological process. The soil temperature measurement technology and sensors which are widely used come from the industry. But in the application of soil humidity and meteorological environment geography fields, Soil temperature sensor has the disadvantages of unsuitable structure, selection in sensitive element blindness and unscientific measure method. Based on the analysis of soil temperature measurement requirements in agriculture, sensor structure and sensitive element choice, the paper promoted the assembled structure which had optimization in the design of soil temperature sensor. The temperature sensing region length was reduced to 2 cm. The new design of soil temperature sensor was composed of sensing region and glass fiber reinforced plastics catheter. Lower coefficient of temperature conductivity material was used as catheter could decrease the influence of traditional long sleeve type sensor. The new design can be assembled to measure the single point, multi point and multi-layers' soil temperature. Experiments had been designed to compare the new designed sensor with the traditional sensors in sensing structures (stainless steel sleeve type &amp; sensing region and supporting rod separation type), packaging materials (epoxy resin &amp; silicone rubber), measurement accuracy and insert approach (horizontal &amp; vertical). Soil temperature sensor's selection for application could be brought out according to the experiments. The soil temperature measured by traditional insert sensor has big differences in vertical and horizontal methods. The experiment indicated that the accuracy requirements of single point measurement and multi-layer measurement are different. The result showed that the assembled sensor had the accuracy below &plusmn;0.2, and the response time is less than 100 seconds in the span of 20 centigrade. Influence of temperature in probe insert methods was about 0.2, and the horizontal approach was lower than vertical approach. The new sensor decreased the influence in structure, package and measurement approach. It improved applicability and flexibility of soil temperature sensor, and also raised the scientificity and accuracy in soil temperature measurement technology. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Temperature sensors
Controlled terms:Catheters - Design - Elastomers - Epoxy resins - Fiber reinforced plastics - Glass fiber reinforced plastics - Packaging materials - Sensors - Silicones - Soil surveys  - Soils - Stainless steel - Structural optimization - Temperature - Temperature measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy - Assembled structures - Measurement accuracy - Physiological process - Sensor structures - Single-point measurement - Soil temperature measurements - Temperature conductivity
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 462.1 Biomedical Equipment, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 545.3 Steel - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 732 Control Devices - 801 Chemistry - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 817.2 Polymer Applications - 818.2 Elastomers - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20150400457891
Title:Research on transient axis trajectory of high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump on starting
Authors:Hu, Jingning (1); Xue, Yan (1); Zhang, Desheng (1); Ye, Xiaoyan (1); Shi, Weidong (1); Lang, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:61-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In view of water-lubricated bearing-rotor system's safety, reliability and stability of the high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump in the process of start caused by the transient unsteady motion of journal, this paper explored the multistage centrifugal pump's start-up and transient axis trajectory through the theoretical analysis and experimental research. First of all, on the basis of the finite element model of the multistage centrifugal pump's water-lubricated bearing-rotor system, the differential equation of dynamic movement under the action of outer incentive was established; then we combine the previous dynamic equations of the high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump's water-lubricated bearing-rotor system with the small parameter algorithm of solving the water-lubricated bearing's dynamic characteristics, and establish the transient coupled dynamic model of high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump's water lubricated bearing-rotor system. Based on this model and Newmark &beta; algorithm, we can solve iteratively and numerically to gain the transient axis trajectory of the water-lubricated bearing-rotor system in the start-up phrase through the MATLAB programming techniques. Finally, we use the designed and developed special water-lubricated bearing test rig of desalination high-pressure pump to research the start-up and transient axis trajectory of desalination high-pressure pump's water-lubricated bearing by experiments, and then compare the measurement results with theoretical calculation and analyze their similarities and differences. From the overall comparison results, in the beginning of start and in the unstable phrase of the liquid film formation, the journal presents upward movement and moves toward the direction of rotation movement under the action of transient liquid membrane force; in the later stages of the start-up phrase and as the rotational speed increasing, journal presents "whirling motion" under the small amplitude. In the process of the establishment of the theoretical model in this article, we assume that the mass eccentricity of discs such as impeller, balance disc and so on are the same, and also ignore the shaft's mass eccentricity and the vibration of the outside world (such as the vibration of the machine run time, fluid pulsation); but these simplified or ignored factors exist in the actual experiments, and we also should consider the installation precision of sensors. So, the former axis trajectory is more smooth and the latter's is more cluttered. In conclusion, the overall trend of the transient axial trajectory in the startup phrase by measurement and the theoretical calculation are basically identical. So, the calculation model has a certain theoretical and engineering application value proposed in this paper, and provides a certain research base to further improve the starting performance of the 10000 ton desalination high-pressure pump system. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:High pressure engineering
Controlled terms:Centrifugal pumps - Coupled circuits - Desalination - Differential equations - Finite element method - Iterative methods - Liquid films - Liquids - Lubrication - MATLAB  - Motion analysis - Pumps - Reliability analysis - Starting - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Direction of rotation - Dynamic characteristics - Engineering applications - Experimental research - Multi-stage centrifugal pumps - Reliability and stability - Theoretical calculations - Water lubricated bearings
Classification code:404.1 Military Engineering - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 607.2 Lubrication - 612 Engines - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 618.2 Pumps - 713.5 Electronic Circuits Other Than Amplifiers, Oscillators, Modulators, Limiters, Discriminators or Mixers - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20150400457914
Title:Review on pollution control technologies of hydrogen sulfide odor in landfill
Authors:Du, Yao (1); Fang, Yuan (1); Shen, Dongsheng (1); Long, Yuyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
Corresponding author:Long, Yuyang
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:269-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Landfill is a popular disposal method for municipal solid wastes (MSW) in developing countries such as China. With the rapid increase of urbanization and waste output, some landfills are gradually being surrounded by residential areas. Accordingly, odor pollution arisen from landfill site has become one of the most common public complaints. Hydrogen sulfide (H<inf>2</inf>S) is one of the major contributors to offensive odors in landfill, which is not only endangers the health of field workers, but also affect the normal life of the surrounding residents. This paper reviewed the recent research progress of H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution control technologies in landfill. It shows that the H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution in landfill has a very high concentration and intensity with great seasonal and meteorological changing. H<inf>2</inf>S in landfill gas ranges from hundreds of micrograms per cubic meter up to thousands of milligrams per cubic meter in different MSW landfill sites. Correspondingly, the sulfate, which could be utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as the electron acceptor to produce H<inf>2</inf>S, ranges from 70 to 1750 mg/L in leachate. Overall, technologies for H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution control in landfill are mainly focusing on the end-up treatment including removing of H<inf>2</inf>S from landfill gas and using the alterative landfill cover layer to reduce H<inf>2</inf>S emission into the surrounding atmosphere. Besides, semi-aerobic landfill technology, which can accelerate the stabilization of the refuse, reduce the production of leachate and landfill gas, is another good option for H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution control. Moreover, technologies of using easy available and efficient materials to control H<inf>2</inf>S odor emission has also being developed, especially for resource utilization of wastes with special physical, chemical and biological properties. However, technologies about controlling the source of H<inf>2</inf>S odor in landfill are still very limited. In order to deeply solve the problem of H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution from landfill, it may need to change mind to find source control technologies during the decomposition of MSW in landfill. Thus, some new microbial technologies such as taking advantage of the abandon iron "hidden" in the landfilled refuse and nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) to control H<inf>2</inf>S production in landfill were developed. In the method of using the microbial oxidation and reducing of iron, Fe(II) can remove H<inf>2</inf>S via the formation of ferrous sulfide precipitation, and Fe(III) can also oxidize H<inf>2</inf>S to elemental sulfur while itself being reduced to Fe(II) and then experience the same process of ferrous sulfide precipitation. Meanwhile, the electronic using priorities of iron-reducing bacteria promote the above process and avoid the further production of H<inf>2</inf>S by SRB. In the method of using the metabolism of NR-SOB, the abandon nitrate in landfill is used as electronic acceptor to oxidize sulfide and attenuate the H<inf>2</inf>S production. Although those mentioned technologies are still being studied, they have good application and development potential. Finally, some other novel technologies and research trends related with H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution control in landfill were also summarized and discussed. It has important theoretical and practical significance to deeply control H<inf>2</inf>S odor pollution in landfill and improve the surrounding environmental quality and ecological health. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Land fill
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biogas - Biological materials - Biological water treatment - Desulfurization - Developing countries - Hydrogen sulfide - Iron - Leachate treatment - Municipal solid waste  - Nitrates - Odor control - Odors - Oxidation - Pollution - Pollution control - Pollution induced corrosion - Quality control - Sulfur compounds - Sulfur determination  - Waste disposal - Waste utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical and biologicals - End treatment - Municipal solid waste (MSW) - Pollution control technology - Semi-aerobic landfill technologies - Source control - Sulfate reducing bacteria - Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria
Classification code:452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 545.1 Iron - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20150400457928
Title:Process optimization for preparation of ACE inhibition peptide from pumpkin seed meal by using enzymatic hydrolysis method
Authors:Zhou, Hongli (1); Tan, Xinghe (1); Liu, Zhiwei (2); Li, Qingming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China; (2) College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
Corresponding author:Tan, Xinghe
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:373-378
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides made from hydrolysis of pumpkin seed meal with neutral protease is one of the important ways to utilization pumpkin seed meal. In order to find the optimum craft of ACE inhibitory peptides made from pumpkin seed meal by protease, taking ACE inhibitory rate as the response value, protease content, the effects of substrate content, and hydrolysis time on ACE inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates were analyzed with response surface methodology for optimization of the preparation technology. The results showed that the three factors affecting activity of ACE inhibitory peptides significantly (P&lang;0.001). The optimized parameters for preparation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides were temperature at 45 and pH value of 7.0, the protease content 4.8%, substrate content of 4.0 g/100 mL, and hydrolysis time of 320 min. With the optimal parameters, the ACE inhibiting percentage theoretically could be up to 80%. The validation test showed that the actual ACE inhibiting percentage was 80.56%&plusmn;0.23%, which was closer to 80%. It suggested that the established prediction model is reliable. The results here proposed the viable and reliable optimization parameters for preparation of ACE inhibitory peptides. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Enzyme inhibition
Controlled terms:Enzymatic hydrolysis - Enzymes - Hydrolysis - Optimization - Peptides - Surface analysis - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Ace inhibitory peptides - ACE-inhibitory activity - Angiotensin-converting enzyme - Hydrolysis degree - Optimization parameter - Pumpkin seeds - Response surface analysis - Response surface methodology
Classification code:423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20150400457896
Title:Determination of optimal amount of irrigation and fertilizer under drip fertigated system based on tomato yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency
Authors:Xing, Yingying (1); Zhang, Fucang (1); Wu, Lifeng (1); Fan, Junliang (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Li, Jing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China; (3) Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fucang
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:110-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different combinations of irrigation and fertilizer on root growth, yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency of drip fertigated greenhouse tomato. The multivariate regression analysis method was used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and fertilizer for maximum production of a single target. The spatial analysis method was further used to comprehensively evaluate the tomato yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency to seek a high-yield, good-quality and low-water fertigation system for the closest acceptable production of multiple targets. The plot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with two factors of irrigation and fertilizer (N-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>-K<inf>2</inf>O). There were three irrigation levels (high irrigation: 100% ET<inf>0</inf>; medium irrigation: 75% ET<inf>0</inf>; low irrigation: 50% ET<inf>0</inf>, ET<inf>0</inf> was reference crop evapotranspiration) and three fertilizer levels (high fertilizer: 240-120-150 kg/hm²; medium fertilizer: 180-90-112.5 kg/hm²; low fertilizer: 120-60-75 kg/hm²). The results showed that irrigation and fertilizer treatments significantly affected the tomato yield, quality, water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of fertilizer. Tomato yield was very significantly affected by irrigation and fertilizer interaction and which had positive correlations with irrigation and fertilizer amount. The high irrigation-high fertilizer treatment had a maximum yield of 97.1 t/hm². The water use efficiency increased but the partial factor productivity of fertilizer decreased with the decreasing irrigation water and increasing fertilizer amount, at the same time, the water use efficiency decreased but the partial factor productivity of fertilizer increased with the increasing irrigation water and decreasing fertilizer amount. The maximum water use efficiency of 47.7 kg/m³ and partial factor productivity of fertilizer of 305.5 kg/kg were recorded for the low irrigation-high fertilizer treatment and high irrigation-low fertilizer treatment, respectively, and the minimum water use efficiency of 27.8 kg/m³ and partial factor productivity of fertilizer of 152.6 kg/kg were recorded for the high irrigation-low fertilizer treatment and low irrigation-high fertilizer treatment, respectively. Vitamin C and lycopene content first increased and then decreased with increasing fertilizer amount (except for medium irrigation treatment). Soluble solids content had significant difference between high and low fertilizers. Organic acid and soluble sugar content of low fertilizer had significant difference with high and medium fertilizers. Sugar acid ratio had no significant difference between different fertilizer treatments. The root dry weight was very significantly influenced by irrigation and fertilization interaction, total root length and total root volume were significantly influenced by single factor of fertilizer and irrigation amount, the total root surface area was only significantly influenced by fertilizer amount. The root dry weight first increased and then decreased with increasing fertilizer amount under high and medium irrigation treatments, and which was significantly reduced with decreasing irrigation amount under medium fertilizer treatment. The root weight, length, surface area and volume had obvious linear positive correlations with tomato yield. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods, the results showed that the maximum water use efficiency was obtained with a combination of irrigation 159 mm and fertilizer 479.4 kg/hm²; the maximum lycopene and sugar acid ratio were obtained with irrigation 159 mm and fertilizer 404.4 and 382.8 kg/hm²; the maximum yield was obtained with irrigation 279 mm and fertilizer 510 kg/hm²; the maximum partial factor productivity of fertilizer was obtained with irrigation 262 mm and fertilizer 225 kg/hm². Acceptable yield and quality were (&ge;85% of corresponding maximum values) were obtained within the range of irrigation water 210~230 mm and fertilizer amount 385~453 kg/hm², while the acceptable yield, lycopene and water use efficiency (&ge;85% of corresponding maximum values) were obtained within the range of irrigation water 198~208 mm and fertilizer amount 442~180 kg/hm². The research provides a guidance basis for scientific management of water and fertilizer in greenhouse tomato production under the local drip fertigated condition. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Forestry - Fruits - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Multivariant analysis - Productivity - Quality control - Regression analysis  - Spatial variables measurement - Water - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation - Spatial analysis - Tomato - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446 Waterworks - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 451 Air Pollution - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20150400457908
Title:Leaf area index simulation of different layers in summer maize canopy based on photosynthetically active radiation vertical distribution model
Authors:Wang, Tao (1); Huang, Wenjiang (1); Dong, Bin (2); Liu, Rongyuan (3); Yang, Guijun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; (2) College of Science, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China; (3) Beijing Agriculture Information Technology Research Center, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Wenjiang
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:221-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is an important parameter in agricultural applications. Some researchers showed that many parameters, such as leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle distribution (LAD) and the heterogeneity of vegetation, were concerned with the distribution of PAR. Many models were used to simulate the distribution of PAR effectors, such as the structure of canopy and sun zenith angle. This paper simulated the vertical distribution of PAR in the canopy and analyzed the relationships between PAR and some parameters, such as solar zenith angle, LAD, LAI, maize canopy structure, special for the heterogeneous canopies such as that crop with width and narrow ridges. It took account the effects of structural features of different type canopies. In this study, the distributions of solar radiation at different heights in maize canopy were simulated based on the radiation transfer model. The row structure model was used to simulate the vertical distribution of PAR in canopies. It accounted for direct radiation including radiation paths going through one or more rows. Leaf angle distribution was generated by using this model to measure leaf angle distributions in canopies. Intensive investigation was made on the effect of these canopy architecture on the penetration of total visible radiation into the canopy at various solar zenith angle. The simulation result of PAR in maize canopy was validated with the measured data, and it appeared good accuracy. By simulation with box model, the regularity of vertical distribution of PAR in the canopy showed that: 1) the transmittance of solar incidence was affected by the effective light path; 2) the attenuation of light in the canopy was diminishing exponentially along the light path. It could be reflected by the vertical distribution of light extinction coefficient (K); 3) the solar altitude angle varying from 60&deg; to 45&deg; or 30&deg; solar altitude angle with the RMSE value of 0.07 or 0.08, it could improve PAR estimation accuracy. The vertical distribution of leaf area was affected by the light attenuation through the canopy. In this paper, we proposed the method based on the regularity of vertical distribution of PAR by using Beer-Lambert law for inversion of the vertical distribution of LAI in maize canopy. The relationships between the vertical distribution of the leaf area index and solar zenith angle was analyzed, and the results were validated with the measured data. Results showed that the algorithm of Bonhomme &amp; Chartier was proved to be effective for inversion of the vertical distribution of LAI. There were differences in inversion results with different solar zenith angles. In the upper canopy, the solar altitude angle varying from 30&deg; to 45&deg; solar altitude angle could improve LAI estimation accuracy with the RMSE of 0.18, and from 45 to 30 solar altitude angle with the RMSE of 0.30 in the middle canopy, 30&deg; and 45&deg; with the RMSE value of 0.11 and 0.09 in the under canopy. The result showed that it had a fairly good agreement between calculated and observed data, which proved the validity of the theoretical model. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Radiation
Controlled terms:Crops - Forestry - Heat radiation - Light extinction - Remote sensing - Sun
Uncontrolled terms:Leaf angle distributions - Leaf Area Index - Light extinction coefficients - Maize - Photosynthetically active radiation - Radiation transfer model - Theoretical modeling - Vertical distributions
Classification code:641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 731.1 Control Systems - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20150400457925
Title:Characteristics of drying medium parameters in tunnel-type drying chamber during noodle drying process
Authors:Wu, Liang (1); Liu, Rui (1); Zhang, Bo (1); Zhang, Yingquan (1); Wei, Yimin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Wei, Yimin
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:355-360
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Dry processing is a key step for Chinese dried noodle production. It closely related to the energy consumption, production efficient and quality property of the product. Temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity of drying medium are the most important factors that influencing the noodle dry processing, and these factors also have mutual influence. In previous studies the effect of temperature and relative humidity on noodle quality has been investigated. But people know little about the flow of the air in tunnel-type drying chamber, it is very important for noodle drying and energy consumption. No appropriate device that can adapt well the special environment conditions in chamber-high temperature, high relative humidity and easy condensation is the main reason. In order to know the air flow conditions and analyze the effect of air velocity on temperature and relative humidity in actual noodle dry processing, a production line with 5 rows of 60 m in tunnel drying room was chose as the research object. In this study a new experimental instrument-meteorograph (Kestrel NK-4500), was used to research the characteristic of drying medium (air velocity, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity). For the sake of discussion in this paper the drying chamber was divide into four stages by length (equal distance): Istage (0-15 m), II stage (15-30 m), III stage (30-45 m), IV stage (45-60 m). Results showed that there were significant differences in air velocity, temperature and relative humidity among different stages. The air velocity which influenced by the location and density of the ceiling fan, gradually diminished (I stage: 0.95 m/s, III stage: 0.89 m/s, III stage: 0.79 m/s, IV stage: 0.50 m/s) and all were below at 1 m/s. The air velocity in middle row (0.54 m/s) was significantly lower than that in left (0.89 m/s) and right (0.90 m/s). Wind direction is analyzed by the wind rose plot. In the drying chamber the wind direction-distribution was prone to the side where the moisture removal mouth located. The temperature in chamber increased during 0~35 m, then decreased. The trend of the relative humidity is similar to the air velocity, increased rapidly in the beginning and then gradually diminished with a average humidity (76.67%). In 4 drying stages, the relative humidity in left side was significantly higher than that in middle and right side, it was mainly influenced by the position of moisture removal mouth. The air velocity significant impacted the temperature and relative humidity in the drying chamber, but in different drying stages the influences were different. During 15-45 m of drying distance, the air velocity had obvious positive correlation with the temperature; but for 0-15 m and 45-60 m, the air velocity and temperature had significant negative correlation. In 0-45 m of drying distance, the air velocity had significant negative correlation with relative humidity. From this study we also find that the meteorograph can adapt well the special environment conditions in chamber with high temperature, high relative humidity and easy condensation. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric humidity - Condensation - Dryers (equipment) - Energy utilization - Glass fiber reinforced plastics - Meteorological instruments - Moisture - Temperature - Velocity  - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Air velocities - Drying chambers - Effect of temperature - Environment conditions - High relative humidities - Positive correlations - Temperature and relative humidity - Wind directions
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.2 Meteorological Instrumentation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 817.1 Polymer Products - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20150400457884
Title:Design and experiment of side positive pressure seed metering device
Authors:Yang, Shandong (1); Zhang, Dongxing (1); Diao, Peisong (2); Guo, Zhidong (2); Song, Jingling (2); Zhang, Xiude (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) School of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Dongxing
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:8-13
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precision seeding device was one of the important parts of precision seeder. Among the seeding devices, mechanical seeding device had simple structure and lower cost of manufacture. So it was widely used in China now. Meanwhile, it caused damage of seeds and needed frequent maintenance. As to its unstable working condition, it can not adapt to high speed operation. At present, pneumatic seeding device was used to achieve precision seeding. It mainly accomplished precision seeding by means of pressure difference. But air suction seeding device required precise structure to avoid pressure loss and it often consumed more electric power. Due to the problems, a set of side positive pressure seeding device was designed in order to realize maize precision seeding. The working principle of seeding device was analyzed, and the dynamics of seeding process was studied. It accomplished better filling seeds and carrying seeds by positive pressure air. The basic requirements were also researched to meet reliable seeding by force analysis of seeds in filling hole. A suitable filling hole was designed to realize precise filling seeds. According to the analysis, the pressure must reach 1.2 kPa to guarantee the seeds in the filling hole reliably. Three factors have great effect on seeding device performance: air pressure, rotation speed of seed plate and size of filling hole. In order to figure out the degree of influence of all the factors and confirm the best working parameters of seeding device, uniform design was arranged on influence factors for basic performance, and the regression mathematical model of three indexes was set up. The test results have showed that, the speed of planter plate was the most significant factor to qualified index and loss index, filling hole size was the most remarkable factor to the reseeding index. Fan pressure affected the row index insignificantly. When fan pressure reaches 1.2 kPa, the speed of planter plate 18r/min, filling hole width 11mm, the requirements of sowing was remarkable. Seed size also influenced seeding performance. Accordingly seeds' three-dimensional size was measured for grading. The seeds with width size between 8.5 mm to 9.5 mm accounted for 85%. On this basis, seeds were graded by DSX computer filter through seed grading test, and then the seed metering performance was significantly improved. Qualified index reached 89.36% and loss index was 4.26%. The side positive pressure seeding device had simple structure and it consumed less energy. More importantly it worked efficiently under a wide pressure range. It provided a new method for design of seeding device. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Design - Electric losses - Experiments - Filling - Grading - Machinery - Plates (structural components) - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture machinery - Device performance - High-speed operation - Positive pressure - Pressure differences - Seed metering devices - Seeding performance - Working parameters
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 601 Mechanical Design - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 41>

Accession number:20150400457926
Title:Effect of ultra-dry storage on Stylosanthes seed and its genetic stability
Authors:Zou, Dongmei (1); Guo, Suxia (2); Pan, Yongbo (1); Jiang, Changshun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Analysis and Testing Centre, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China; (2) Haikou Experimental Station, CATAS, Haikou, China; (3) Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, CATAS, Haikou, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Changshun
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:361-366
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Stylosanthes spp. originated in central and South America, consisting of 44 species and subspecies, in a promising tropical legume forage. It is planted in one-third of the tropical and south subtropical area of the world in terms of variety. It mainly regenerates in the form of a seed, and it is planted and used in southern China. The seed is the conservation of germplasm, breeding, and material basis, and it is important material for physiological studies. This study goes into the development of the tropical pasture seed ultra-dry conservation, breeding, and germplasm resources for biodiversity conservation and utilization of great significance. The ultra-dried seed storage technique is energy efficient, effective, and easy to manipulate for seed storing. While most tropical crop seeds do not have dehydration tolerance, the ultra-dried storage technique is a constraint in these seeds. However, our previous study showed that the Stylosanthes guianensis seed has very high tolerance to ultra-dried storage. The ultra-dried seeds of S. guianensis with a moisture content of 3.17% has high tolerance to aging after treatment at 50 for 15 days. These results show that ultra-dried treatment could increase the seeds storability of S. guianensis. The most suitable moisture content is 3%&plusmn;0.2 for long-term ultra-dried storing. Ultra-dry treatment can improve storage stability. However, this does not mean that the lower the moisture content the better. Researches proved that when the moisture content lowered to a certain extent, the vitality of the seed dropped. Too much ultra-dry treatment does not have a positive effect on the seed longevity. In fact, it may even decrease it. The ultimate aim of seed storage is to preserve the innate hereditary feature and pass it without variation by harmful influences. When storing seeds, not only should the seeds' high germinating ability be preserved, but genetic stability should also be kept. Therefore, the detection of the genetic stability of the storage seed was very important in evaluating the storage effects. Morphologic features, cytological markers, physiologic and biochemical indexes, and molecular researches could be applied in the study of the changes in genetic integrity. The purpose of this study was to dertmine the effects of ultra-dried seed storage for ten years through analyzing the seed germination, viability, phenology, morphological characteristics, agronomic traits, and genetic stability of Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan No. 5 compared to the methods of -20 and room temperature storage. With three seed storing methods for 10 years, a seed with moisture of 3.17% at ultra-dry storing, a seed with moisture of 8.7% at -20 storing, and a seed with moisture of 8.7% at room temperature storing have a germination potential of 77.9%, 71.3%, and 18.5%, respectively and a vitality index of 60.10, 50.79, and 4.98, respectively. Both germination potential and vitality index have significant differences between an ultra-dry seed and a seed with moisture of 8.7% at -20 storage for 10 years. There are very significant differences between a seed with moisture of 8.7% at room temperature storage and a seed in ultra-dry storage or a seed stored at -20 for 10 years. The ultra-dry long-term storage for Stylosanthes seeds is the best method among them. An investigation on the Stylosanthes morphologic characteristics and its AFLP molecular analysis showed that the ultra-dry seed storage does not cause plant morphological phenotypes to change or AFLP molecular genetic variation. The ultra-dry storage seed of Stylosanthes can greatly reduce the energy in long term storing with characteristics of being simple, effective, and widely applicable. This result will be useful in the field of Stylosanthes germplasm conservation and breeding. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Conservation - Crops - Cultivation - Drying - Energy efficiency - Energy storage - Genes - Moisture - Moisture determination  - Physiology - Stability - Storage (materials) - Tropics
Uncontrolled terms:Biodiversity conservation - Genetic stability - Germination potential - Morphologic characteristics - Morphological characteristic - Plant morphological - Stylosanthes guianensis - Ultra-dried
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 642.1 Process Heating - 694.4 Storage - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 42>

Accession number:20150400457885
Title:Design and experiment of precision air-suction plate seed metering device for super hybrid rice
Authors:Hou, Chong (1); Hu, Jianping (1); Guo, Kun (1); Zhao, Zhan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Jianping
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:14-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Seed-metering device is the key equipment for factory seedling, however the metering precision of the existing rice seed-metering device was in 2~5 seeds per sampling area, it couldn't meet the super rice sowing requirements of the 2&plusmn;1 seeds per seedlings area when machine plug seedling. Air-suction metering device has become the main equipment of super rice sowing because of its high accuracy, low injury, adaptability and other characteristics. But the existing air-suction seeding device widely used the metering methods that row box was vertically vibrated and sowing plate was parallel moved back and forth for filling seeds, then it has complicated structure, large overall volume of the gas chamber, uneven pressure distribution and unstable air flow, it was also affected easily by the air flow and pressure factors. To overcome these shortcomings, a new kind of air-suction plate metering device was designed in this paper, which was composed of conveyor belt, slider, combination of airway gas chamber, suction plate, linear guide way, vibrator, Seed box, cylinder, seeding tray, electric sensor, and so on. The working principle of new type metering device was the suction plate swung back and forth, the seed box moved up and down along the suction plate. To meet the super hybrid rice precision sowing requirements of 2&plusmn;1 seeds per sowing unite, the suction plate was designed as 544 suction units, each unit was arranged two suction holes diagonally. According to the rice seedling plate size, the size of the overall structure of gas cavity plate was determined, its length is 600 mm, width is 300 mm and the height is 25 mm. The gas cavity plate was divided into eight airway with the horizontal, each airway width is 30 mm, height is 20 mm, two ends of each horizontal airway communicated with the longitudinal airway, airway suction slot longitudinally at both ends connected with a negative pressure air source, multi gas cavity plate connected with seed suction plate under the sealing state, its two ends can be vacuumed by interconnected aspiratory airway. Seed box was designed to the half open type shape, opening bottom width is 100 mm, high is 120 mm, up width is 40 mm, the gap left between the lower edge of the box and a seed suction plate, both sides of box respectively through the sliding block and the fixed installed in the ceiling which consists of linear guide plate on both sides of the moving pair. The traditional single chamber structure was changed to combination chamber by more horizontal airways and longitudinal grooves on both sides of chamber. Take liangyoupeijiu super hybrid rice as the research object, select the vacuum pressure, seed box moving speed, seed-filling the position angle and suction hole diameter as test factors, the single factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out. The results showed that metering device had the optimal seed-filling performance under these conditions of the seed box moving speed 0.12 m/s, vacuum pressure 1.5 kPa, seed-filling the position angle 120&deg;, and the suction hole diameter 1.0 mm, the qualified rate was 94.26%, the miss index was 2.47%, and the multiple index was 3.27%. And the seeding performance was tested by different efficiency under the optimal parameter combination of seed-filling performance. When the efficiency is 300 plates per hour, the qualified rate is 90.52%, it showed the new air-suction seeding device not only meet the super rice seedling sowing requires precision, but also has important implications for the quality assurance of super rice breeding, mechanized cultivation, increase productivity and profitability. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Plates (structural components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Air - Belt conveyors - Cultivation - Equipment - Filling - Gases - Pneumatic equipment - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Quality assurance  - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Complicated structures - Electric sensors - Metering devices - Negative pressures - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal experiment - Seed metering devices - Seeding performance
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 692.1 Conveyors - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901 Engineering Profession - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 43>

Accession number:20150400457916
Title:Empirical analysis of factors affecting alfalfa plantation behavior of farmers in Huang-huai-hai region
Authors:Wang, Wenxin (1); Cai, Shipan (1); Wang, Gang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) Department of Rural Economic System and Management of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:284-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Planting alfalfa can not only promote the development of animal husbandry and meet the needs of the consumers for livestock, but also improve soil fertility and the ecological environment. Farmers are the main alfalfa growers in Huang-Huai-Hai region, in this paper, a supply response model of alfalfa planting area has been developed, with statistical data and investigation data, the effects of alfalfa prices and alfalfa area in last term were calculated. The results show that alfalfa planting area only depended on the alfalfa production price in last year and this means that the annual alfalfa price will influence the decision of farmers' willingness of planting alfalfa. The elasticity of alfalfa planting area to alfalfa export price is 0.837, and the T value is 7.528. Above results proved that there was short-term speculation behavior for the alfalfa planting farmers in Huang-Huai-Hai region. Farmers in this area do not follow principle of maximum profit in alfalfa planting. At the same time, it proved that na&iuml;ve price prediction model can be used to explain the farmers' alfalfa planting behavior. in the na&iuml;ve price prediction model, factors affecting the farmers' planting alfalfa behavior include alfalfa planting area in last year, the prices of other crops in this area, the planting subsidies, the region effect and fixed effect. Because there is no alfalfa price data, the actual export price of alfalfa products was used to replace alfalfa domestic price. The estimation results show that both the R² and adjust R² are greater than 0.95, and the F-statistic value is significant at 99% confidence level, and the Durbin-Watson statistic is 2.2, which proved that naive simulation model is very suitable for simulating the factors that may influence alfalfa planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region. According to the calculation results, in short term, if the cotton price rise 10%, the alfalfa planting area will decrease 7.16%. If the wheat price rise 10%, the alfalfa planting area will decrease 7.38%, and it will take 2 years to achieve the target from the old status to new balance. In long term, if the cotton price rise 10%, the alfalfa planting area will decrease 14.32%, and if the wheat price rise 10%, the alfalfa planting area will decrease 14.76%. These mean that the goal of alfalfa growers in Huang-Huai-Hai region is to make the expected return maximum; this is consistent with the expected results. In short term, if maize price rise 10%, the alfalfa planting area will increase 11.44%. and in long term, the alfalfa planting area will increase 22.88%. This is not consistent with the expected results. This is because that maize is mainly used as animal feed, as the same as alfalfa. The results also show that the planting subsides for other crops do not significantly affect planting alfalfa. Increasing the supply of alfalfa can effectively decrease the maize price in this region. According to the calculation results and investigation, this study suggests the government should reduce administrative intervention, provide the supply of improved seed, practical technology, information services, and increase the number of professional farmers planting alfalfa. According to characteristics of alfalfa demand and the goals of animal husbandry development and environmental improvement, government should develop the alfalfa production plan. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:8
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Costs - Cotton - Crops - Cultivation - Economic analysis - Factor analysis - Information services - Models  - Production control
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation results - Durbin-Watson statistic - Ecological environments - Environmental improvements - Farmers' behavior - Impact factor - Price prediction models - Speculation behavior
Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 903.4 Information Services - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 44>

Accession number:20150400457888
Title:Product evolutionary design spirally guided by double threads
Authors:Chen, Weimin (1); Li, Yan (1); Li, Wenqiang (1); Yang, Kun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yan
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:38-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to adapt to the dynamic changes of market demands, the ecological relationship of food chain was introduced into product conceptual design, the relations of products are systematically classified at a cognitive level as competition relation and symbiotic cooperation relation. These relations laid a foundation to systematically realize the spirally guide by double threads. Products need evolving from low level to high level to gradually adapt to the dynamic change of market environment which is similar to biological evolution, so products were classified based on the market, and product evolutionary chain and product symbiotic ring were built from junior to senior in accordance with the food chain relationship. Products in the process of evolution present the dynamic characteristics of spiral evolution under the dual function of radial symbiotic ring and axial evolutionary chain at the same time, the design methods and models guiding product evolution by double threads of competition and cooperation was put forward based on the analysis of the dynamic product evolution information. Applying components control template method between design objectives and competitors, In both applying properties related template method between design objectives and symbiotic objectives, the whole process of evolution design was guided by the competitive information and symbiotic information in the model, which make products evolution purposefully. This paper implement the testing and pushing of evolution degree step by step based on the evolutionary genetic algorithm, which guaranteed the rationality and adaptability of each product layer evolution process in the model. According to the practical innovation design conditions, the competition effect and symbiotic role in the process of evolution. The model spirally guided by double threads can dynamically and flexibly yield a total evolutionary scheme feasible for the desired product. The model spirally guided by double threads can systematically investigate product factors and the actual design environment factors outside, which can make the innovation design scheme better feasibility and performance guarantee because of the comprehensive consideration of the environment, the model not only can dynamically generate a suitable product innovation principle scheme model, but also can orderly and reasonably guide designers to carry out the product innovation design. To effectively and systematically realize the evolution computerized, this article also put forward the system architecture of product evolution spirally guided by double threads, input the product evolution information by two evolutionary mechanism of self-trigger and designers-trigger, and achieved product evolution design through the evolution model spirally guided by double threads, after the completion of the design at the same time fed back the product information to the system preparing for the next innovation, the information circulation in the system made full preparation for product dynamic evolution continuously, in which the proposed dynamic evolution theory of product information and system frame formed a dynamic product innovation design method spirally guided by double threads. An illustrative design case of the grain drying machine demonstrates that the proposed model is prone to successful development of creative products and consistent with the design cognitive model. This research can provide product evolutionary design some reference for further systematic and computerized. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Product design
Controlled terms:Biology - Chains - Commerce - Conceptual design - Design - Dynamic models - Innovation - Machine design - Machinery - Models
Uncontrolled terms:Competition and cooperation - Dynamic characteristics - Ecological relationships - Evolutionary design - Evolutionary mechanisms - Grain dryers - Product conceptual designs - Product innovation designs
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 461.9 Biology - 601 Mechanical Design - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 45>

Accession number:20150400457920
Title:Analysis of feature signals of electronic nose in honey nectar detection based on independent components analysis combined with genetic algorithm
Authors:Liu, Ningjing (1); Shi, Bolin (2); Zhao, Lei (2); Qing, Zhaoshen (1); Ji, Baoping (1); Zhou, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; (2) Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Bolin
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:315-324
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Focusing on the characteristics of electronic nose (e-nose), including fully, noisy and redundant, Independent Components Analysis (ICA) is proposed to extract differential signals of e-nose in the honey nectar detection (rape honey, linden honey and acacia honey). However, in order to match the principle of ICA (each vector standing for one observing signal) and overcome the shortage of ICA (the randomness of independent components), some transforms of ICA are needed to be carried out. Referring to the methods applied in brain image analysis, the research extends the signals of different samples in time direction. In this case, the order of independent components was assured. After the comparison of different number of ICA, which is evaluated by the accuracy of pattern recognition with the support vector machine model, the optimum number is confirmed as 8.Although the quantity data has been narrowed down dramatically, still 960 points are included, 120 points for each components. To the further simplification, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to select the characteristic points to remove the redundant information. 20 points, many of which are located in the absorption phase are selected. The results of GA selection show that although most of special points are located in the absorption part, there are still a part of points which are emerged in desorption part. In this case, only selecting the values in the peak is defective, which may lead to the ignorance of some special information which is included in other parts, like the desorption part. To testify the effective of the method, it is compared with other common processing methods, including raw data without being processed, maximum conductance of the original signals, the Principle Components Analysis (PCA), and data only processed by ICA without GA. The data are processed by these five different processing methods. After that, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed as the pattern recognition method. Compared with other models, SVM model is built based on the principle of structural risk minimization inductive principle, which takes the empirical risk and practical risk into account at the same time. This consideration could be helpful for the small sample sizes detection, and can be benefit for the method to enlarge the area of application. The results show that method of ICA combined with GA obtained the highest predict accuracy 95.0% of which the accuracies of three different nectars were rape 24/25, linden 16/17, and acacia 36/38. Besides, the predict accuracy is close to the train accuracy of the model (96.3%) which means the model can provide better stability and better generalization. The study shows that the method can extract the differential signals and removed the redundant signals without affecting the ability of classification of the model. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Brain mapping - Desorption - Electronic nose - Food products - Genetic algorithms - Image matching - Independent component analysis - Machine components - Nondestructive examination  - Pattern recognition - Processing - Signal analysis - Signal detection - Signal processing - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Electronic nose (e-nose) - Honey - Independent components analysis - Order of independent components - Pattern recognition method - Principle components analysis - Structural risk minimization - Support vector machine models
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 601.2 Machine Components - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 746 Imaging Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 46>

Accession number:20150400457911
Title:Construction of Jiangxi rural terrestrial digital television system based on single frequency network
Authors:Zhou, Lixia (1); Xie, Fengjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Economics and Management, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:31
Issue date:January 1, 2015
Publication year:2015
Pages:247-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to promote information construction in Jiangxi rural areas, enrich cultural life of the farmers, a set of construction program for Jiangxi countryside terrestrial digital TV system based on DTMB (digital terrestrial multimedia broadcast) SFN (single frequency network) is proposed, which includes unified layout for provincial TV networks and three parts of the system. The system building is based on the LDPC (Low-Density-Parity-Check code) theory and synchronization principle, specification requirement of system structure and system testing for DTMB SFN. The system is referring to the construction experience of different SNF systems for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting and according to the landform characteristics in most parts of Jiangxi countryside. The system construction includes several steps as following. First, the compositions of front-end system include the new insertions of electronic program guide (EPG), CA (certification authority) encryption charger, SMS (storage management services) Database and webmaster, and with IP interface for different internet extension. Second, the details for SFN transmission system include the parameters selection for system, the coverage prediction and future testing. And last the constitution of the receiving system. For the areas can't be covered by the main and auxiliary transmission sites, specific implementation for broadband transmission supplement coverage system were proposed. The purpose of this system is to carry out the re-transmission for CCTV and domestic/abroad satellite TV. The digital operation system supports the local news live telecast, the insertion of EPG and the connection to the internet, etc., so that it will become an advanced, practical, sustainable developing multi-service platform. All above provides a scientific, economic and reliable reference for the new rural information construction and development in vast rural and remote mountainous areas in Jiangxi. &copy;, 2014, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:3
Main heading:Television networks
Controlled terms:Broadband networks - Channel coding - Digital television - Forward error correction - Internet - Internet protocols - Multimedia systems - Rural areas - Satellite communication systems - Storage management  - Television broadcasting - Television systems
Uncontrolled terms:Front end - Jiangxi - Receiving system - Single frequency networks - Universal proposal
Classification code:716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.