2014年6月第30卷第11期
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1. Reconstruction and experiment on raft culture working for Patinopecten yessoensis
Accession number: 20142617866566
Authors: Li, Mingzhi (1); Zhang, Guangfa (1); Deng, Changhui (2); Li, Xiuchen (2); Shi, Mingli (3); Yang, Junde (3); Hui, Panpan (1); Ma, Guozhen (1); Wu, Song (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Navigation and Shipbuilding Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (2) Research and Development Center of Fisheries Equipment and Engineering of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (3) Zhangzidao Group Limited Company, Dalian 116001, China
Corresponding author: Li, M.(limingzhi@dlou.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 195-204
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: By analyzing and investigating the condition of raft culture working for Patinopecten yessoensis and the harvest mode of artificial raft suspended culture in Dalian Zhangzidao, a new type of high efficiency and energy-saving raft culture working mode and devices for Patinopecten yessoensis were upgraded reconstruction. In order to prove that working mode and device structure are reasonable, comparative tests were executed in the sea area of raft suspended culture in Dalian Zhangzidao. The test was divided into two stages, with test sites in Da Hao island, Da Lian island, Xiao Hao island, and Zhang Zi island. For the phase I test, four trial sites were respectively equipped with three original floating raft culture boats, three floating raft culture boats of first stage reconstruction, and two material transport boats (the length, width and depth of the original floating raft culture boats and first stage reconstruction floating raft culture boats are 8 m, 2.4 m and 0.5 m respectively; the loading capacity is limited in order to meet work requirements with one material transport boat respectively equipped with three floating raft culture boats). Tests were based on actual production situations, and lasted 44 d, working 8 h per day. From November 2nd, to November 23rd, 2011 is the scallop harvest working test. From July 30th, to August 20th, 2012 is the scallop grading working test. For the phase II test, four trial sites were respectively equipped with three floating raft culture boats of second stage reconstruction, three floating raft culture boats of first stage reconstruction, and one material transport boat (the length, width, and depth of the floating raft culture boats of second stage reconstruction are 12 m, 3.3 m, and 0.7 m respectively; the loading capacity meet work requirements, so floating raft culture boats of second stage reconstruction didn’t need a material transport boat). The test lasted 44 d, working 8 h per day. From November 1st to November 22nd, 2012 is the scallop harvest working test. From August 1st to August 22nd, 2013 is the scallop grading working test. At the end of testing per day, the amounts of pulling cage and consumption costs of energy were calculated. The results show that the upgraded reconstruction raft culture working boats on the first stage, which consisted of the installed pull stalk rope device, pull cage device, shake cage device, screen device, and toothed pulley slide stalk rope device, relying solely on human work operation mode was changed to mechanical work mode, and the amounts of pulling cage were increased by 56.01% of single-ship per day. Because the installed electric equipments and the rate of the starting diesel engine were declined, energy consumption costs were reduced by 13.95%. The second stage reconstruction raft culture working boats were based on retaining electric equipments and the length, width, and depth were increased from 8 m to 12 m, from 2.4 m to 3.3 m, and from 0.5 m to 0.7 m respectively. The amount of pulling cages were respectively increased by 31.69% and 105% than floating raft culture boats of first stage reconstruction and the original floating raft culture boats. Energy consumption costs of the second reconstruction raft culture working boats are an insignificant difference with the first reconstruction raft culture working boats and reduced by 14.12% of the original floating raft culture boats. The second stage reconstruction raft culture working mode saved 10.8 thousand yuan per year more than the original floating raft culture working mode. In conclusion, the reconstruction raft culture working boat improves working efficiency, and reduces energy consumption. It has a good prospect in application.
Number of references: 31
Main heading: Boats
Controlled terms: Aquaculture - Cost reduction - Diesel engines - Energy utilization - Grading - Harvesting - Image reconstruction - Machinery - Mechanization - Molluscs - Rope - Shellfish - Testing
Uncontrolled terms: Comparative tests - Loading capacities - Material transport - Operating modes - Patinopecten yessoensis - Suspended culture - Work requirements - Working efficiency
Classification code: 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 535 Rolling, Forging and Forming - 601 Mechanical Design - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.025
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2. Effects of alternate partial root-zone irrigation and nitrogen forms on utilization and movement of nitrate in soil
Accession number: 20142617866553
Authors: Wang, Chunhui (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Pengfei (1); Shu, Liangzuo (1); Zhu, Jirong (1, 2); Yu, Hongmei (2); Zhan, Yushan (1); Yuan, Mei (1)
Author affiliation: (1) School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Plant Resource and Biology, Huaibei 235000, China; (2) College of Geography and Environment Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (3) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
Corresponding author: Shu, L.(shulz69@163.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 92-101
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Numerous evidences show that alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) could save large amounts of irrigation water without significant yield reduction. In addition, intensive studies indicated that APRI could reduce nitrate leaching and increase the chance of nitrogen being absorbed by plant. However, all these studies could not discriminate the fate of nitrate in different soil layers under APRI. The fate of residual nitrate in specific soil layers and its regulation by different forms of nitrogen fertilizers (nitrate- or ammonium-nitrogen fertilizer) under APRI were studied in this paper by means of soil column experiment with labeled nitrate-N (K15NO3) applied to 10-20 cm or 40-50 cm layers. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation, APRI saved 34.31 percent of irrigation water without significant yield reduction. Nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer improved nitrogen absorption by tomato plants to an extent of 27.0 percent, thus increasing plant growth and tomato yield. The rate of 15N absorbed by plant decreased significantly as 15N was labeled to deeper soil layer. The absorption of 15N by plant decreased 33.1 percentage for conventional irrigation and 23.0 percentage for APRI when the 15N-labeled layer decreased from 10-20 cm to 40-50 cm. Nitrate nitrogen supply promoted absorption of residual nitrate in soil profile to an extent of 53.9 percent compared with ammonium nitrogen supply by promoting tomato root growth and biomass accumulation. The leaching of soil residual nitrate from 10-20cm layer was more intensive than from 40-50 cm layer during tomato growth. For the soil columns with 15N labeled to the 10-20cm layer, the remaining rate of 15N in the 10-20cm layer was 2.7 and 23.1 percentage, the 15N accumulation peak moved downward 30cm and 10cm, and 15N accumulated in the 0-100cm soil layer took account of 60.9 and 75.2 percent of total 15N amount introduced by K15NO3, with loss rate 17.0 and 5.17 percentage, respectively, for conventional irrigation and APRI. However, for the soil columns with 15N labeled to the 40-50cm layer, the remaining rate of 15N in the original labeled layer was 38.1 percentage, whereas under APRI, 15N accumulation peak moved upward 10cm with 61.3 percent of 15N moved to 0-40cm layer, leading to 15N accumulation in 0-100cm soil 24.2 percent more than the conventional irrigation and a large extent of reduction of 15N loss. Compared with ammonium nitrogen supply, nitrate fertilizer promoted plant growth and thus 15N uptake, leading to a lower 15N accumulation after plant harvest in the top 100cm soil. However, there was no significant difference in 15N loss between soil columns fertilized with ammonium nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen. These results suggested that APRI could reduce soil residual nitrate leaching, and promote residual nitrate in deeper soil move upward, thus increasing the chance of being utilized by plant. Different forms of nitrogen fertilizer affect the fate of residual nitrate in soil profile through affecting plant growth.
Number of references: 32
Main heading: Soil pollution
Controlled terms: Fruits - Irrigation - Leaching - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Reduction - Soils - Water
Uncontrolled terms: Alternate partial root-zone irrigation - Ammonium nitrogen - Biomass accumulation - Irrigation waters - Nitrate leaching - Nitrate nitrogen - Nitrogen absorption - Soil-column experiment
Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.012
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3. Effect of different sugars grafting on physical properties of peanut protein film
Accession number: 20142617866573
Authors: Lin, Weijing (1); Liu, Hongzhi (1); Liu, Li (1); Shi, Aimin (1); Hu, Hui (1); Wang, Qiang (1)
Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Control, Beijing 100193, China
Corresponding author: Wang, Q.(wangqiang06@caas.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 261-267
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: There is an increasing interest in edible materials made of natural biopolymers in attempting to replace non-biodegradable plastics or films. Protein-based edible film has attracted more attention due to its low cost and superior barrier and mechanical properties, which attributed to strong intermolecular cross-linking of protein. However, protein-based films, due to the strong interactions and hydrophilicity of protein molecules, have relatively low tensile strength(TS) and elongation and poor water resistance compared to synthetic films, consequently limiting the commercial employment of peanut protein film in food applications. Therefore, modifications of proteins are necessary to improve the properties of peanut protein films. In this paper, peanut protein isolate (PPI) extracted from peanut meal was modified by sugar grafting with xylose, mannose, lactose, galactose, glucose and sucrose respectively. Peanut protein films made of the modified protein were prepared by casting. And the effects of sugar grafting on the physical properties such as mechanical properties including tensile strength and elongation at break (EB), opacity and solubility of peanut protein films have been studied. The results showed that sugar grafting improved the physical properties of peanut protein films significantly. Tensile strength of films could be enhanced by sugar grafting, and films with xylose exhibited the highest tensile strength, which was 1.77 times of the PPI control film. TS of films increased with the increasing of sugar concentration at low sugar level, but decreased when the ratio of PPI to sugar was lower than 10. The films grafted by glucose showed the highest EB of 255.22%, followed by xylose and EB of X-10(peanut protein film with a weight- ratio of peanut protein isolate to sugar as 10, the same as below)and X-20 were 1.66 and 1.67 times of the PPI control films. Meanwhile, opacity of peanut protein films were not affected by sugar grafting except xylose and galactose grafting which decreased the opacity of films with the increasing of sugar concentration. On the other hand, all the protein films except the ones modified by xylose dissolved after soaked into water with the solubility of 93.80%-97.89%. Solubility of films was reduced after xylose grafting, with the lowest solubility of 60.80%. As the xylose content increased the solubility of films decreased significantly, and X-5, X-10 and X-20 remained intact in water for 24 h. In conclusion, the effect of xylose grating was better than other sugars. Modification of PPI with xylose grafting can markedly improve the properties of peanut protein films, especially mechanical properties and solubility. When the ratio of peanut protein to xylose was 10, tensile strength and elongation at break of peanut protein film were 1.48 MPa and 218.92%, respectively. Solubility of protein film dramatically decreased from 96.94% to 60.80% after modification, and the films kept intact and integrated after immersion in water for 24 h. Results suggested that peanut protein isolate modified with xylose was potential for improving mechanical properties and increasing resistance of protein films to breakdown in water. Thus, the improvement raises the possibility of employing such new films as edible films for food packaging application. The research provided the theoretical foundation for the performance improvement and further development of peanut protein film.
Number of references: 31
Main heading: Proteins
Controlled terms: Biodegradable polymers - Elongation - Films - Glucose - Grafting (chemical) - Mechanical properties - Oilseeds - Opacity - Physical properties - Solubility - Tensile strength
Uncontrolled terms: Immersion in waters - Intermolecular crosslinking - Natural biopolymers - Peanut - Peanut protein isolates (PPI) - Protein films - Strength and elongations - Theoretical foundations
Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 454 Environmental Engineering - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.032
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
4. Application effect of biohythane residue on Brassica and Spinacia seedling production
Accession number: 20142617866569
Authors: Liu, Shuang (1); Wang, Yuxin (1); Liu, Zhidan (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author: Wang, Y.(wangyuxin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 225-232
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: In order to explore the feasibility of biohythane residue application to plug production of vegetable seedlings, the effects of biohythane residue application on the physical and chemical properties of compound substrates and the growth of Brassica and Spinacia plug seedlings were investigated. Furthermore, a suitable compound substrate formula for Brassica and Spinacia seedling production were screened out. Brassica (hualv No. 4) and Spinacia (xianfeng) seedlings were grown in an experimental greenhouse located at China Agricultural University, irrigated with water once every 2 days. The biohythane residue was mixed with soil or peat, vermiculite and perlite according to different volume ratios. Twelve different substrates were tested: 100% soil (CK1), 100% biohythane residue (CK2), peat-based substrate of 50% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite (CK3), a mixture of 80% soil and 20% biohythane residue (T1), a mixture of 60% soil and 40% residue (T2), a mixture of 40% soil and 60% residue (T3), a mixture of 20% soil and 80% residue (T4), a mixture of 10% biohythane residue, 40% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite (T5), a mixture of 20% residue, 30% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite (T6), a mixture of 30% residue, 20% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite (T7), a mixture of 40% residue, 10% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite (T8), as well as a mixture of 50% residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite (T9). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The effects of biohythane residue application on seedling emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and seedling biomass were analysed as well as the physical and chemical properties of different substrates including bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, pH and EC values. The results indicated that the physical and chemical properties together with the growth and development of seedlings can be significantly improved by applying biohythane residue in seedling substrates. It was also suggested that compound substrates with 20% biohythane residue, 30% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite by volume (T6) were optimal to the growth and development of seedlings. Compared with CK3 (50% peat, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite), the emergence rates of Brassica and Spinacia seedlings of T6 were significantly increased by 14.3% and 12.4%, respectively; the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of Brassica and Spinacia seedling were all similar to or significantly higher than those of CK3; the root/shoot ratios and seedling indexes of Brassica and Spinacia seedlings between T6 and CK3 were not significantly different. With proper proportion of biohythane residue in the mixture, the root biomasses of Brassica and Spinacia seedlings were significantly increased, and the root growth could be promoted, indicating a more balanced distribution between seedling shoot and root biomasses. Consequently, with certain fertilizer efficiency, the biohythane residue can be used as one of substrate components to substitute peat partially or totally in compound substrates for leaf vegetable seedlings production. In order to increase fertilizer efficiency of the biohythane residue, aerobic composting treatment for further fermentation or combined fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizer should be considered before application.
Number of references: 20
Main heading: Substrates
Controlled terms: Applications - Biogas - Biomass - Fertilizers - Mixtures - Nitrogen fertilizers - Peat - pH - Seed - Soils - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms: Biohythane - Different substrates - Fertilizer efficiency - Growth and development - Physical and chemical properties - Plug seedling - Residue - Vegetable seedlings
Classification code: 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 522 Gas Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.028
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5. Maize disease recognition based on local discriminant algorithm
Accession number: 20142617866562
Authors: Zhang, Shanwen (1); Zhang, Chuanlei (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) Department of Engineering and Technology, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, China; (2) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
Corresponding author: Zhang, S.(wjdw716@163.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 167-172
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Crop diseases often seriously affect both the quality and quantity of agricultural products and cause economic losses to farmers. How to accurately and quickly recognize the crop disease information is an important problem in preventing and controlling crop diseases. Crop disease recognition by crop leaf symptoms is a basic method of attempting to address this problem. Studies show that relying on pure naked-eye observing of the leaf symptoms by experts to detect the crop diseases can be prohibitively expensive, especially in developing countries. Automatic detection of crop diseases is an essential research topic, as it may prove benefits in monitoring large fields of crops, and thus automatically detect the symptoms of diseases as soon as they appear on crop leaves. In a research study of identifying and diagnosing crop diseases, the pattern of the disease is important part. Leaf spots are considered the important units indicating the existence of disease and regarded as indicators of crop diseases. A technique to detect the disease spot is needed. It is important to select a threshold of gray level for extracting the disease spot from the crop leaf. In order to classify disease leaf sample categories, a set of spot features for the classification and detection of the different disease leaves are required. The disease leaf images of the crop would be processed by using a series of image pre-processing methods, such as image transforming, image smoothing, and image segmentation. In this paper, crop disease leaf spots were segmented by the seeded region growing based region algorithm. Because the crop leaves look differ in many ways, most of classical pattern recognition methods are not effective to extract the disease features and reduce the dimensionality of diseased leaf images. A novel manifold learning algorithm called local discriminant projects (LDP) was proposed and was applied to crop disease recognition. After being projected into a low-dimensional subspace, the data points in the same class were close to each other, whereas the gaps between the data points from different classes became wider than before. In LDP, the class action was introduced to construct the objection function. There was no need to calculate the inverse matrix, so the small sample size problem occurring in traditional linear discriminant analysis was naturedly avoided, and much computational time would be saved by using LDP for dimensionality reduction. After each spot image was reorganized as one-dimensionality vector and its dimensionality was reduced by LDP, the nearest neighbor classifier was adopted to recognize crop disease. The extensive experiments were performed on a real maize disease leaf image database and compared with the traditional disease recognition methods and the supervised subspace learning algorithms in recognition performance. The mean correct classification rate of the proposed method was 94.4%. The proposed method was compared with the classical crop disease recognition methods (ANN, PCA PNN, and Bayesian) and supervised subspace algorithms (LDE, DNE). The experiment results showed that the proposed method was effective and feasible for crop disease recognition. The preliminary study showed that there is a potential to establish an online field application in crop leaf disease detection based on leaf image processing techniques.
Number of references: 29
Main heading: Diagnosis
Controlled terms: Agricultural products - Crops - Developing countries - Diseases - Experiments - Face recognition - Image recognition - Image retrieval - Image segmentation - Inverse problems - Learning algorithms - Losses - Plants (botany) - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms: Dimensionality reduction - Linear discriminant analysis - Local discriminant projects (LDP) - Maize leaf - Manifold learning algorithm - Nearest Neighbor classifier - Nearest neighborhood - Pattern recognition method
Classification code: 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9 Biology - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.021
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6. Irrigation schedule for maize based on soil moisture and salt content threshold in Hetao irrigation district
Accession number: 20142617866552
Authors: Ma, Jinhui (1); Yang, Shuqing (1); Shi, Haibin (1); Ding, Xuehua (1); Han, Wenguang (2)
Author affiliation: (1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (2) Yongji Administration Bureau Experiment Station, Linhe 015000, China
Corresponding author: Yang, S.(nmndysq@126.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 83-91
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Water shortage and soil secondary salinization seriously affect agricultural production in the arid areas of North China. Under the conditions of sharp reduction in the amount of water used from the Yellow River and large scale implement of water saving program, it is important to maintain a farmland ecological environment and soil health. The objective of this research was to use SWAP model to simulate optimal water use for corn during its entire growing season. The Longshen experimental area in Hetao Irrigation District was selected as the area for the research. The experimental area was further divided into south district and north district according to the spatial variation of soil salinity data collected in combination with calculation using geostatistical method of kriging interpolation. A soil water-salinity numerical model SWAP was established in both the districts. After calibration and validation, the model was used to simulate the soil water and salinity content across various hydrological years under different quantity of irrigation water in various maize growing stages, and to predict the minimum amount of water needed for irrigation to achieve the minimum salt accumulation in soil under different hydrological years. Meanwhile, the safety thresholds of soil water and salinity content for farmland at different growth stages were established to save water and control salt content by analyzing the related literatures. The safety thresholds were the maximum values of the soil moisture and salt that crops could tolerate. The range values of the safety water using amount were put forward for the field water and soil environment under different hydrological years from a exquisite and microcosmic perspective. The results predicted by the SWAP model showed that the water consumption in low flow year (precipitation ≤90 mm) was 263-311 mm, and the water consumption in normal flow year (precipitation ≤140 mm) was 198-227 mm, but the water consumption in high flow year (precipitation ≤200 mm) was 106-138 mm. The water saving index in the low flow, normal and the high flow year comparing with the baseline year (precipitation ≤90 mm) were: 0.01-0.17, 0.04-0.16 and 0.06-0.27, respectively. The results above provided information for sustainable use of water for irrigation in the farmland of local and nearby areas. It will be of great significance not only for the agricultural production and utilization, but also for the development of water resources in Hetao irrigation district.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Irrigation
Controlled terms: Arid regions - Farms - Interpolation - Moisture - Salts - Soil moisture - Soils - Water conservation - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions - Calibration and validations - Different growth stages - Hetao irrigation districts - Simulation - Soil secondary salinizations - The decision of appropriate irrigation farmland - Threshold
Classification code: 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.011
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
7. Morphological changes of rill on loess slope and its relationship with flow velocity
Accession number: 20142617866555
Authors: Wang, Longsheng (1, 2); Cai, Qiangguo (1); Cai, Chongfa (2); Sun, Liying (1, 3)
Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author: Sun, L.(sunliying@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 110-117
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Rill erosion is usually identified as a series of little rills up to 30 cm deep that can be obliterated by cultivation. Rills are small channels which function as both sediment sources and sediment transport vehicles on hill slopes. It is a quantum leap during the process of soil erosion on slopes, and is also the beginning of qualitative changes in the process of soil erosion. As an intermediate stage between overland and gully erosion, theories for soil detachments by rill erosion are different with that by inter-rill erosion. The loss of the topsoil and nutrients caused by rill erosion can reduce soil productivity, and the deposition of off-site sediments can bring sedimentation and water-quality deterioration in streams and reservoirs. Rill erosion is the main way of slope farmland erosion and plays an important role in soil erosion process on the Loess Plateau. On the Loess Plateau of China, the contribution of rill erosion can be up to more than 70% of slope erosion and about 50% of the total erosion. Studies on rill erosion can help control soil erosion on sloping land, and facilitate the development of agricultural production, and are a main content of studies on the development process of soil erosion. Rill morphology over the soil surface plays a significant role in determining the runoff and soil loss from sloping farmland. However, few attempts have been done on accurate measurement of the rill throughout the study area for that eroding rill evolves morphologically in time and space. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the detailed rill morphology under controlled laboratory conditions and to provide more insight and detail for later experiments. The soil used in this study was the loess soil from Yangling, Shaanxi province in China. In this paper, in conducting indoor simulation rainfall experiments using deionized water at different slopes (10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) and different rainfall intensities (90 mm/h and 120 mm/h), morphological changes of rill development on loess slope and its relationship with flow velocity were discussed. The results showed that: 1) Slope erosion had periodic development, and the changes of morphology of rill erosion process and changes in runoff sediment concentration was consistent; 2) the critical velocity when backward-step occurred under the experiment conditions was 0.19-0.21 m/s, and the backward-step could occur only when the flow velocity was greater than the critical values; 3) In the early stage of rill erosion development, the distance among rills affected its distribution, and backward-step did not occur among the earliest developed rills. The distance here was 12.5-17.5 cm. The rill erosion process was mainly dominated by cutting and headward erosion, and little by bank landslip; and 4) the changes of rill flow velocity with time substantially increased and then decreased, the flow velocity increased with decreased rill width, and this trend was particularly obvious on the 4 m slope where the flow velocity and width of rill were significantly (P<0.05) negatively correlated.
Number of references: 31
Main heading: Soil conservation
Controlled terms: Deionized water - Erosion - Experiments - Farms - Flow velocity - Morphology - Rain - Reservoirs (water) - Runoff - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms: Accurate measurement - Agricultural productions - Controlled laboratories - Experiment condition - Loess plateau of chinas - Loess slopes - Morphological changes - Overland flow
Classification code: 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 441.2 Reservoirs - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 951 Materials Science
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.014
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8. Design and optimization of transplanting mechanism with planetary gear train composed of helical gears and noncircular bevel gears
Accession number: 20142617866544
Authors: Zhu, Jianbin (1); Sun, Liang (1, 2); Liu, Xiaolong (1); Wu, Chuanyu (1, 2); Zhang, Bin (3)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China; (3) Wenzhou Nanfang Amusement Rides Company Limited, Wenzhou 325005, China
Corresponding author: Sun, L.(liangsun@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 21-29
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: In order to obtain high-quality wide-narrow distance planting trajectory that can solve the problems such as large horizontal offset of picking seeding trajectory in inclined and shaping wider plant hole, a wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism with spatial planetary gear train composed of non-circular bevel gears and crossed cylindrical gears was put forward based on spatial planetary gear train composed of elliptical bevel gears and crossed cylindrical gears. Non-circular bevel gears were better than traditional gears, such as circular gears and elliptical gears. In addition, the pitch curve of the non-circular bevel gear was general so that this mechanism could achieve more potential spatial planting trajectories. Transplanting mechanism with this kind of bevel gears was one kind of spatial non-uniform velocity transmission mechanism which could obtain the spatial planting trajectory that met diverse agronomic requirements. The theory of wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism was introduced and the optimization goal of planting trajectory was designed. A smooth, continuous and closed spherical curve was designed by fitting the free form spline, which was used to represent the big end pitch curve of non-circular bevel gear. The equations of spherical big end pitch curve were given. Based on the D-H matrix transformation, the kinematics optimization model of mechanism was built up. The key points’ displacements of transplanting mechanism were calculated. Several main parameters affecting the wide-narrow distance planting trajectory were analyzed. The shape of non-circular bevel gear’s big end pitch curve played a major role in the shape of wide-narrow distance planting trajectory; the initial angle of planetary carrier was a key parameter affecting the posture of wide-narrow distance planting trajectory; the staggered angle of non-circular bevel gear pair and bevel gear pair’s cone distance had decided the offset of picking and taking seeding trajectory. A optimization program about wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism was written to study the kinematics, and a set of optimal parameters meeting the working requirements of wide-narrow distance rice transplanter was obtained by the method of human-computer conversation afterward. The lateral optimal trajectory and ratio formed by spatial planetary gear train composed of non-circular bevel gears and spatial planetary gear train composed of elliptical bevel gears were compared. The advantage was the smaller horizontal offset and lower speed of picking seeding trajectory; the time of pushing seedling period and returning period were much less; the probability that took back the rice seedling was decreased; and the overall height of wide-narrow distance planting trajectory was raised. A three-dimensional model of wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism was obtained. Virtual prototype test was performed by the software named Adams and a model machining of the transplanting mechanism as well as its testing was made, and the shape of tow trajectory was almost same. The result showed that the transplanting mechanism with spatial planetary gear train composed of non-circular bevel gears and crossed cylindrical gears could fulfill the requirement of wild-narrow distance rice transplanter and had better performance than transplanting mechanism with spatial planetary gear train composed of elliptical bevel gears and crossed cylindrical gears.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Bevel gears
Controlled terms: Curve fitting - Gears - Kinematics - Optimization - Seed - Shape optimization - Software testing - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural machiney - Cylindrical gear - Non-circular - Planetary Gears - Transplanting mechanisms
Classification code: 404.1 Military Engineering - 601.2 Machine Components - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.003
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9. Effects of baffle on acoustic attenuation performance of micro-perforated tube muffler
Accession number: 20142617866548
Authors: Zuo, Shuguang (1); Long, Guo (1); Wu, Xudong (1); Zhang, Menghao (1); Xiang, Longyang (1); Zhang, Jun (1)
Author affiliation: (1) Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
Corresponding author: Wu, X.(1118wuxudong@tongji.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 53-60
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: The correctness of the numerical finite element method to calculate transmission loss (TL) of the micro-perforated tube muffler is validated through the measurement of the transmission loss of a micro-perforated tube muffler sample. The transmission loss is measured by a two-load technique that is usually applied to measure the acoustic impedance of micro-perforated panel (MPP) and the transmission loss of various mufflers. A theoretical calculation model of the transmission loss of the micro-perforated tube muffler with a baffle is then established and afterwards verified by the finite element method that has been previously validated. The theoretical model is based on the analysis of a simple pass-through micro-perforated muffler and the plane wave theory. The transfer matrix method is applied to connect the sound pressure and particle velocity of the inlet and the outlet of the muffler. Additionally, boundary conditions and continuity requirements are considered in the theoretical modeling process. Finally, several analyses of the effect of the baffle on the transmission loss of the micro-perforated tube muffler are conducted respectively, which are based on the theoretical model mentioned above. Specifically, two key factors: the axial position of a baffle and the number of the baffles arranged uniformly in the axial direction of the muffler, are under consideration. Five different positions of the baffle lead to different transmission loss curves. In addition, a detailed analysis is given concerned with the baffles number that increases from 0 to 7. Besides, a comparison among three different micro-perforated tube mufflers is given to illustrate the relationship between the baffle and the air cavity length from the aspect of the transmission loss. Consequently, the results of all analyses reveal that, on one hand, the position of the baffle located in the air cavity of the micro-perforated tube muffler alters the main sound attenuation frequency band and the corresponding transmission losses. Furthermore, when the baffle is installed closer to the central cross-section of the air cavity, the first sound attenuation frequency domain arch extends towards the higher frequencies and also the corresponding transmission losses become greater than before. On the other hand, the transmission losses of the micro-perforated muffler with baffles arranged uniformly in the axial direction of the muffler improve with the increasing number of baffles. However, they will not significantly improve once the number of baffles reaches a certain value. Ultimately, we concluded that baffles installed in the air cavity of the micro-perforated tube muffler are beneficial for muffler design to shorten the axial length of the air cavity, thereby shortening the axial length of the entire muffler, without the degradation of sound attenuation performance of the muffler, which is very favorable to reduce the axial dimension of the micro-perforated muffler and thus instructs its optimization and design.
Number of references: 27
Main heading: Wave transmission
Controlled terms: Acoustic impedance - Acoustics - Automobile mufflers - Computer simulation - Finite element method - Frequency bands - Models - Transfer matrix method - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms: Acoustic attenuation performance - Baffle - Continuity requirements - Micro-perforated panels - Optimization and design - Simulation - Theoretical calculation model - Transmission loss
Classification code: 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 751 Acoustics, Noise. Sound - 751.2 Acoustic Properties of Materials - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.007
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10. Study on day-ahead dispatch strategy of active distribution network
Accession number: 20142617866557
Authors: Dou, Zhenhai (1, 2); Niu, Huanna (1); Gao, Yan (1); Yang, Minghao (1); Yang, Rengang (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255091, China
Corresponding author: Yang, R.
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 126-133
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Comparing with the traditional distribution network, optimization scheduling of an active distribution network no longer passively conducts power distribution. Because controllable and adjustable distributed power can be scheduled as a resource to provide electricity power for the medium voltage distribution network, and micro-grid power can be used as supply-side resources or load-side resources to participate in scheduling, thus medium voltage distribution network became an active distribution network that can be a bidirectional dispatch electricity distribution network type. Thus, because the distributed generation and micro-grid are connected to the medium voltage distribution network, it constitutes an active distribution network. If power companies rationally use a bidirectional dispatch function of an active distribution network, not only the profit of the power company is increased but also the environment is protected. The major issue of this paper is how to maximize the profit of a power company by rationally scheduling the micro-grid and distributed power in an active distribution network. Research of foreign scholars has mainly focused on the purchase power plan of power companies in the electricity market. That is maximizing profit of a power company by making an optimization purchase power plan under the conditions that account for the distributed generation and load shedding. China’s power is one of public utilities. It is impossible for us to take measures of load shedding for the benefit of a power company. Moreover, the market mechanism of the power distribution side is also uncertain. However, a medium/low voltage distribution network connected by distributed power and micro-grid of different investors has become a trend under the policy support. Therefore, for the power company, it is different from other states how to schedule distributed power and micro-grid. In fact, after the micro-grid and distributed power are connected to a medium/low voltage distribution network, electricity sales of the power company are bound to decrease and operating income will accordingly be reduced, which is an avoided problem in previous research. All scheduling models proposed in the studies are based on the goal of the lowest supply power cost, and are not concerned with who gets the operating income. However, this is the most significant problem of power companies. In this paper, a novel day-ahead scheduling model of active distribution network is supposed. The goal of this model is maximizing the profit of the power company. And it is more objectively described as purchase power costs and sale power revenues of Chinese power companies with an active distribution network. Moreover, this model takes into account the various power prices of different distributed power, the incentive policies of government and government subsidies of the power company. More importantly, because the network losses of distribution lines in high voltage network before the inlet of medium voltage distribution network is correlated strongly with its electrical distance. This model accounts for the profit of the power company which network losses are reduced owing to use of distribute power and micro-grid. Using this model, the active medium voltage distribution networks are scheduled in different locations, which not only can achieve greater efficiency of power companies through accessing the distribute power and micro-grid at the location away from the main network, but also don’t face losses in close supply power with the new energy accesses through reasonable scheduling. In this paper, examples of IEEE33 node demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the model. The results can provide a reference for optimization scheduling of the active distribution network.
Number of references: 31
Main heading: Scheduling
Controlled terms: Costs - Distributed power generation - Electric utilities - Electricity - Models - Power generation - Profitability - Sales - Voltage distribution measurement
Uncontrolled terms: Active distribution networks - Day-ahead scheduling - Electricity distribution networks - High voltage networks - Medium-voltage distribution networks - Micro grid - Network loss - Optimization scheduling
Classification code: 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.016
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11. Stochastic weather generator based on dry and wet spells
Accession number: 20142617866556
Authors: Li, Shijuan (1); Zhu, Yeping (1)
Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Agri-information Service Technology, Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author: Zhu, Y.(zhuyeping@caas.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 118-125
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Climate change is important for agriculture and the environment. Changing rainfall amounts have positively or negatively impact on plant growth. The reduction in solar radiation can potentially reduce the photosynthesis, growth of plants and potential evaporation. Stochastic weather generators can generate a long series of weather variable statistics, which usually are used as the input of system models to analyze and evaluate the effect of climate on systems. This paper described a stochastic weather generator WGDWS which consisted of dry and wet spell, daily precipitation, solar radiation, and maximum and minimum temperature models. It included two types of models. The first one was a dry and wet spell model in which dry and wet spell lengths were defined as an independent stochastic variable respectively, and it was the principal model. The second one referred to other weather variables whose modeling was dependent on the first one. The generation of weather element values mainly contained two steps: generating a dry or wet spell length based on their empirical distribution in a month, and then generating the daily value of each variable in the related period. The generator could provide any length of time series of daily weather stochastic values as input data for the driving of crop models. The observed 1973 -2003 daily weather data from nine meteorological sites in different geographical region in China were used to determine model parameters of a generator in two types of generator, including WGDWS which was based on dry and wet spell and DWSS which was based on dry and wet days. After generating 100 years of daily weather variables, including total solar radiation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation, at the above nine sites with the help of WGDWS and DWSS, monthly statistics of these variables were computed. A T-test showed that there was no significant difference between the generated and observed monthly statistics for different geographical regions at the 1% significant level. The differences of generated and observed maximum temperatures under 0.3°C accounted for 87%, and the value for minimum temperature was 93%. The absolute errors of the number of rainy days under one day was 92%, and the monthly total precipitation errors under 10mm and 15 mm were 91% and 95% respectively. The absolute errors of the monthly total radiation under 2 kJ/m2 were 89%. The K-S test was conducted to detect differences between the observed and simulated values for dry and wet spells. No significant differences were found at P=0.05. The relative deviations of monthly statistics generated by WGDWS and DWSS were compared. The relative deviations of maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and total radiation for these two kinds of models were similar. There were obvious differences in relative deviations for the number of rainy days and rainfall. In short, WGDWS had similar performance to generate meteorological data to DWSS, and its accuracy to simulate dry and wet spells and number of rainy days was higher than DWSS. The study indicated that the data generated by WGDWS could be used as input for a crop models, especially for studies on the response of crops to persistent drought and continued rainy weather.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Weather forecasting
Controlled terms: Climate change - Climate models - Crops - Drought - Errors - Geographical regions - Meteorology - Models - Precipitation (chemical) - Rain - Solar radiation - Stochastic models - Stochastic systems - Sun - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms: Daily precipitations - Dry spells - Empirical distributions - Maximum and minimum temperatures - Meteorological sites - Potential evaporation - Stochastic weather generator - Wet spell
Classification code: 443 Meteorology - 443.3 Precipitation - 451 Air Pollution - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 961 Systems Science
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.015
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
12. Numerical simulation and optimization of solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in back swept axial pump
Accession number: 20142617866551
Authors: Shi, Weidong (1); Xing, Jin (1); Zhang, Desheng (1); Chen, Keqiang (1); Cheng, Cheng (1)
Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author: Shi, W.(wdshi@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 76-82
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: By changing the inlet edge blade shape of the plane to get different degrees of the back swept blade, simulating the back swept degree of 40°, 65°and 90° of axial flow pump blades and original prototype blades pump of the three-dimensional solid-liquid two-phase flow channel to get the characteristic curves and distributions of solid particles within the impeller. Characteristic curves show that the back swept angle will reduce the efficiency and head of the pump, which means the reduction grows with the growth angle. With the increase of the particle diameter, the particle moves backward to the pressure surface, therefore the solid phase volume fraction increases, meanwhile the solid phase volume fraction at the suction surface near the hub of the inlet side also increases; with the increase of particle volume fraction, the solid phase volume fraction at the pressure surface reduces and the solid phase volume fraction at the suction surface of the blade increases. It is predictable that the solid phase moves according to the angle between the radial direction and the solid phase velocity direction. The smaller the angle is the more obvious the radical flow is and the bigger the backswept angle is, then the solid phase is more difficult to contact with the blade suction surface than the pressure surface. When the sweep angle is small, the degree of radial flow is the major factor affecting the distribution of the solid phase on the pressure surface of the blade, otherwise when the sweep angle is large, the sweep angle would be the major factor, the greater the sweep angle, the smaller volume fraction of the solid phase on the pressure surface of the blade. Because the 90°sweep angle is large enough, and the radial flow at the suction surface is the smallest, when the back swept angle is 90° the solid phase volume fraction is small and uniform at the suction surface and the pressure surface near the rim of the blade, severe local wear can be avoided. When the swept angle is 40° and 65°, the solid phase volume fraction on the pressure surface near the rim of the blade is large. So it will easily lead to severe wear. In order to verify the correctness of the simulated results, the 65° back swept blade model is compared with the back swept blade of the sludge axial flow pump in the Nanjing Jiangxin island sewage treatment plant, meanwhile the swept angle of the blade is also close to 65°. The actual operating condition of the back swept impeller is complex, and the particle concentration and diameter may not be uniform, but according to the 2.3 and 2.4 sections, the impact of the particle concentration and diameter on the distribution of the solid phase on the blade is small, the solid volume fraction is just changing in on the original position with the particle diameter and the concentration changes. So the wear leaf diagram of the back swept blade can be comprised with the solid phase distribution of the simulation results. Based on the above, increase the back swept angel can reduce the solid volume on the pressure surface of the blade and the 90° back swept angle condition is better than that of 40° and 65° according to the solid volume.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Volume fraction
Controlled terms: Axial flow - Computer simulation - Impellers - Numerical methods - Optimization - Particle size - Pumps - Radial flow - Sewage treatment plants - Supersonic aerodynamics - Turbulent flow - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms: Blade suction surface - Particle concentrations - Particle volume fractions - Simulation and optimization - Solid volume fraction - Solid-liquid - Solid-liquid two-phase flow - Swept blade
Classification code: 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.010
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13. Spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological service function assessment of slope farmland in Karst areas of Guizhou province, China
Accession number: 20142617866570
Authors: Luo, Guangjie (1, 2, 4); Wang, Shijie (1); Li, Yangbing (3); Bai, Xiaoyong (1)
Author affiliation: (1) National Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Geochemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, China; (2) School of Geography and Tourism, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang 550018, China; (3) School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (4) Agricultural Ecology and Rural Development Institute, Guizhou Normal College, Guiyang, 550018, China
Corresponding author: Wang, S.(wangshijie@vip.skleg.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 233-243
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Slope farmland is strongly affected by human activity in karst areas of southwest China, which leads to prominent ecological problems. Quantitative evaluation of spatial-temporal dynamics and ecological service function of slope farmland in Karst areas of southwest China can be of significance in desertification control and ecological recovery, poverty alleviation and community development. Based on land-use data obtained from multi-temporal and multi-source remote sensing images in the years of 2000, 2005 and 2010, and with the consideration of slope gradient, lithology, settlements and transportation conditions, this study used the land-use dynamic model, integrated Hot-spot area model and the model of value ecosystem services to study spatial-temporal dynamics and ecological service function of slope farmland since 2000 in the Karst areas of Guizhou province (103°36’-109°35’E, 24°37’-29°13’N), China. The results showed that the farmland of 4.4 thousand km2 had been reduced in the Karst area since year 2000, and about 80% of the lost farmland was from the slope area. The most farmland was distributed in the slope gradient from 6° to 15°. With slope gradient increasing, the percentage of slope farmland was reduced significantly. In addition, the spatial dynamics of slope farmland was correlated with the types of soil parent geological materials in Karst areas. The proportion and quantity of land loss in the slope farmland derived from limestone, especially steep slope farmland, was significantly higher (P900 m away from settlements. For these areas, changing land use should been accelerated in order to conserve the soils and vegetation. Also, road for automobiles had a strong impact on the process of land use change from agriculture in the slope farmland. About 30% of land in the areas <500 m away from the automobile road had been changed into other land uses rather than traditional agriculture from slope farmland. With the increase in distance away from the road, less land use changes in the slope farmland were observed. Two hotspots in northeast Zunyi and Tongren were Wujiang catchment closing the Yangtze River, and Guiyang and Anshun cities in Guizhou plateau, where land use was changed from traditional agriculture to other land uses in the slope farmland of Karst areas, Guizhou province. Finally, since 2000, land use change in the slope farmland from agricultural use had produced good ecological effects in Karst areas. The ecological services value (ESV) of the land use change in the slope farmland was estimated to be RMB 43, 998, 100 yuan/yr. In short, slope farmland in karst area has changed greatly in recent decades and its ecological effect is obvious.
Number of references: 34
Main heading: Farms
Controlled terms: Ecology - Ecosystems - Image reconstruction - Land use - Landforms - Lithology - Models - Roads and streets - Soil conservation - Transportation
Uncontrolled terms: Area index - Ecosystem services - Guizhou Province - Karst - Slope farmland
Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 431 Air Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 433 Railroad Transportation - 434 Waterway Transportation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.029
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14. Simulation prediction method of repose angle for rice particle materials
Accession number: 20142617866572
Authors: Jia, Fuguo (1); Han, Yanlong (1); Liu, Yang (1); Cao, Yinping (1); Shi, Yufei (1); Yao, Lina (1); Wang, Hui (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author: Jia, F.(jfg204@163.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 254-260
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Angle of repose is an important macroscopic feature in characterising the interactions within an assembly of particles. In order to accurately predict the angle of repose of the particle material, a numerical simulation study was applied on the process of particle packing based on discrete element method. In this paper, a simulation model of bottomless cylinder was designed with EDEM software. By taking the rice particles as the example, the physical properties of rice particles, including density, Poisson’s rate, shear modulus, coefficient of restitution, coefficient of static fraction, and coefficient of rolling fraction were obtained through the study of some scholars. The shape of rice particle was regarded as ellipsoid. The average value of rice particles’ dimension parameters were reported in statistics, namely the long axis is 7.2 mm, and the minor axis is 3.0 mm. According to the shape and the dimension parameters of rice particles, a method for establishing the model of particle based on particles agglomerate was employed, and with the 9 spherical particles agglomerate to approximate real shape grain. In the process of simulation, the cylinder was firstly filled with rice particles. Based on the number and density of particles, the average mass of 43.12 g was calcuated. After being filled with the particles, the cylinder was slowly lifted at a speed of 0.05m/s. Particles flowed from the mouth of the cylinder and formed a stable accumulation under gravity load. In addition, this paper analysed the influence of different lifting speed on the accumulation form.The numerical results showed that, under identical conditions, increasing lifting speed of cylinder led to the rise in diffusion trend of the edge of the grain heap particles. However, when the speed was less than 0.07 m/s, granular pile was formed relatively stably. Meanwhile, this paper obtained the unilateral outline of particle accumulation through MATLAB image processing technology. Then linear fitting was applied to process image contour of rice packing and the angle of repose of rice was predicted in a non-experimental condition. In the end, the discrete element method combined with image processing technology showed that the angle of repose of rice was 22.66°±0.49°. The accumulation of rice particles was verified in the test trial. Under the same condition with simulation, field test result showed the angle of repose of rice was 22.62°±0.33°. In comparison with the simulation result, the error of the repose angle of rice from field test was 0.18%. Therefore, discrete element method and matlab image processing technology could be applied to simulate rice packing in the bottomless cylinder. The result showed that the method which combines the numerical simulation with feature extraction from image has good adaptability for measuring the angle of repose of particle material and can achieve the prediction of the repose angle of particle material on known physico-mechanical parameters.With the improvement of computer tecnology and algorithms, for agricultural particulate materials, the prediction method would bring guidance for the numerical determination of the angle of repose, the study of friction and mobility characteristics and the design of related storage and processing equipments.
Number of references: 31
Main heading: Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms: Computer simulation - Cylinders (shapes) - Feature extraction - Finite difference method - Forecasting - Grain (agricultural product) - Image processing - Materials - MATLAB - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models
Uncontrolled terms: Angle of repose - Coefficient of restitution - Image processing technology - Mobility characteristics - Numerical simulation studies - Particle materials - Particles agglomerates - Simulation prediction
Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.031
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
15. Rheological properties of aqueous suspension of bacterial cellulose
Accession number: 20142617866576
Authors: Li, Rui (1); Du, Shuangkui (1); Li, Zhixi (1); Cheng, Zhengli (1); Qiao, Yanxia (1); Jin, Yuhong (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author: Li, Z.(lzx580721@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 285-292
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: With the application of bacterial cellulose in industry, the rheological properties of bacterial cellulose suspension, dissolved in heavy metals and organic solvents, have received extensive attention. However, heavy metals and some organic solvents can’t be used in food, drug and cosmetic industry. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the rheological properties of bacterial cellulose suspension. Firstly, the surface morphology of bacterial cellulose was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Secondly, the rheological properties of bacterial cellulose suspension were investigated by static and dynamic methods. Specifically, consistency and index of viscosity of bacterial cellulose suspension were determined by a Texture Analyzer (TA) with AB/E35 probe under static condition, and carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) solution was used as a control. Furthermore, consistency and indexes of viscosity of these two kinds of suspension were compared in the present study. Additionally, the dynamic method was used to study the relationship of shear stress, apparent viscosity and shear rate with a rheometer. Finally, the stability of bacterial cellulose suspension and its improvement ways by centrifugation were studied in this paper. Results showed that the width of bacterial cellulose s was between 60-80 nm. The AFM imagines showed that the microfibrils were randomly arranged with plenty of spaces among them and some s may be gathered to form a parallel or spiral bundle. From the rheology analysis, it was found that the consistency and index of viscosity of bacterial cellulose suspension were significantly higher than those of carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Additionally, when the concentration changed from 0.4% to 1.2% a positive correlation was found between the consistency and viscosity index of bacterial cellulose suspension and the concentration of bacterial cellulose (P2>0.95). The equation between consistency and concentration of bacterial cellulose suspension was y=936.17x 38.166 (R2=0.9753). The equation between viscosity index and concentration of bacterial cellulose aqueous suspension was y=61.872x-21.641 (R2=0.9988). So bacterial cellulose s can be widely applied in food as thickening agent and dietary fiber, or paper and cosmetics industries as dispersing agent and binding agent. Under the condition of a relatively low shear rate(0.02-10 s-1), the apparent viscosity of bacterial cellulose suspension decreased with the increase of shear rate. On the contrary, under the condition of the same shear rate, the apparent viscosity and shear stress of bacterial cellulose suspension increased with the increase of concentration of bacterial cellulose suspension. The suspension displayed a shear-thinning behavior, so the bacterial cellulose suspension was called as non-Newtonian fluid. The suspension appeared to flow until the shear stress exceeds the yield stress and the values of shear stress were positively related to the values of shear rate (P2>0.99). So the bacterial cellulose suspension was called as Bingham plastic fluid. The stability of initial bacterial cellulose suspension was only 80%; however, when the CMC was added into the suspension, the stability of the bacterial cellulose suspension increased a lot. In addition, when the concentration of CMC was about 0.5%, the stability of bacterial cellulose suspension increased to about 95%. Therefore, CMC can improve the stability of bacterial cellulose suspension.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Cellulose
Controlled terms: Atomic force microscopy - Bacteria - Chemical contamination - Cosmetics - Elasticity - Heavy metals - Industry - Morphology - Non Newtonian liquids - Organic solvents - Rheology - Shear deformation - Shear stress - Stability - Suspensions (fluids) - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms: Apparent viscosity - Bingham plastic fluids - Carboxymethyl cellulose - Consistency - Index of viscosities - Positive correlations - Rheological property - Shear-thinning behavior
Classification code: 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 822.3 Food Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.035
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16. Crops image fusion in different light conditions based on Contourlet transform
Accession number: 20142617866563
Authors: Song, Huaibo (1); He, Dongjian (1); Gong, Liuming (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author: He, D.(hdj168@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 173-179
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: In the research field of agricultural crop growth state monitoring, it is difficult to capture an image that can meet the needed usage for a whole description of a crop’s growth information. Image fusion could combine two or more source images into a single composite image with extended information, and it is very useful for a crop’s monitoring system. Aiming at solving the fusion problem of crop images in different light conditions, a proper image fusion algorithm based on contourlet transformation (CT) theory was carried out. First, by using CT, all the source images were decomposed into multi-scale and multi-direction sub-bands; then, for the low frequency coefficients, linear weighted fusion rules were adopted to reduce the influence of noise. For the band-pass directional sub-band coefficients, a maximum gradient rule was used to meet the human visual characteristics. Finally, the inverse transformation of contourlet was used to get the fused image. To testify as to the performance of the algorithm, cucumbers, cherry tomatoes, eggplant, and peppers captured in different light conditions were used as experimental crops. The experiment was divided into two parts: (1) a performance comparison between CT and WT, (2) a comparison of different fusion results of CT. A comparative test by using WT method showed that the proposed method could get much better performance than wavelet based fusion methods and commonly used fusion rules. In particular, the MI of fused image was 27.04% higher than the wavelet based method, SF value increased by 37.73%, MSE parameter was 46.97% higher, Ent was also improved by 19.69%, CC had a little enhancement by 2.76%, and G’ was 11.21% higher than the WT based image fusion algorithm. Also, PSNR value was boosted by an average 8.06%. Another comparative experiment with commonly used fusion rules showed that edge strong information was 0.30% higher, structure similarity was promoted by 0.50%, and the average gradient was boosted by 2.63% more than under “linear max” rules, and entropy value was 5.07% higher than under “min mean” rules. These experiments all showed that the proposed CT based image fusion algorithm was practical and valid for agricultural product image fusion in different light conditions. This research provides a useful reference for the fusion of crops in different conditions.
Number of references: 23
Main heading: Image fusion
Controlled terms: Agricultural products - Algorithms - Crops - Experiments - Image processing - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms: Comparative experiments - Contourlet transformations - Frequency coefficient - Fusion rule - Human visual characteristics - Image fusion algorithms - Inverse transformations - Performance comparison
Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.022
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17. Optimization of operation parameters for supplementary pollination in hybrid rice breeding using round multi-axis multi-rotor electric unmanned helicopter
Accession number: 20142617866542
Authors: Li, Jiyu (1, 2); Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2); Hu, Lian (1, 2); Zang, Ying (1, 2); Xu, Sai (1, 2); Liu, Aimin (3); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Zhang, Tiemin (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Hunan Longping Seed Industry Co. LTD, Changsha 410006, China
Corresponding author: Zhou, Z.(zyzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 1-9
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Compare with uniaxial single-rotor electric unmanned helicopter (USREUH), the structure of round multi-axis multi-rotor electric unmanned helicopter (RMMEUH) is very different to USREUH, and thus its wind field parameters on rice canopy which formed by rotor airflow are also different. To explore the optimization parameters when the RMMEUH conducted supplementary pollination, in this study orthogonal tests of three factors (including flight operating load, altitude and speed) and three levels were carried out to measure the wind field. The tested RMMEUHs include two 8-rotors electric unmanned helicopters and an 18-rotors electric unmanned helicopter.The measured wind directions included parallel to the direction of flight heading (X), perpendicular to the direction of flight heading (Y), and the vertical direction (Z). The battery’s voltage drop was also measured at each takeoff and landing of RMMEUH to estimate its economy. A wireless wind speed sensor network measurement system (WWSSN) was used to measure the wind field parameters of the RMMEUH. The WWSSN consists of several wireless wind speed sensors (WWSS, numbered 1#-10#), a flight global position system (FGPS), and an intelligent control focus node (ICFN). The WWSS was used to measure the wind field parameters on rice canopy. FGPS was used to measure the pose information of the RMMEUHs when they fly over the rice canopy. ICFN was used to control and record the wind field parameters. 1#-9# WWSSs were used to measure the wind field parameters which mixed with natural wind and RMMEUH produced wind. And another one, 10#, was set up far from 9#, was mainly used to measure the natural wind speed. In order to reduce the effect from natural wind speed, treatment rules about natural wind speed were adopted before wind field data analysis. The test results showed that: the width of the wind field at X direction was significantly wider than Y direction; Unlike USREUH, there were only one peak wind speed center at X direction of RMMEUH, while two at Y direction, this phenomena might be caused by the superimposition of multiple rotors of RMMEUH, and the lateral flow of the aircraft was also one of the interferences, as a result, narrowed the width of the wind field at Y direction. Comprehensively considered about the width of wind field and battery electricity consumption, the order of the three influence factors was flight speed, takeoff weight, and flight height. Flight speed of 1.30m/s, takeoff weight of 18.85 kg, and flight height of 2.40 m were suggested as the optimization of the operation parameters for supplementary pollination in hybrid rice breeding using RMMEUH. The results provide references to develop a series of specifications of supplementary pollination in hybrid rice breeding using unmanned helicopter.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Helicopter rotors
Controlled terms: Aircraft propulsion - Experiments - Helicopters - Measurements - Sensor networks - Takeoff - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Wind
Uncontrolled terms: Battery-powered - Operation parameters - Orthogonal test - Range analysis - Round multi-axises multi-rotors
Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 652.4 Helicopters - 653.1 Aircraft Engines, General - 732 Control Devices - 901.3 Engineering Research - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.001
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18. Inhibiting aril breakdown and degradation of cell wall material in pulp of harvested longan fruits by heat treatment
Accession number: 20142617866574
Authors: Zhao, Yunfeng (1, 3); Lin, Hetong (1, 2); Wang, Jing (1, 2); Lin, Yifen (1, 2); Chen, Yihui (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (2) Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (3) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
Corresponding author: Lin, H.(hetonglin@163.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 268-275
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Longan ((Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is high value fruit produced in southern China. Due to its higher nutritional value and health benefit, consumers love the fruit. But longan is highly susceptible to aril breakdown during storage, which is the single most important factor affecting the quality and shelf-life of postharvest longan fruits. Previous studies have shown that aril breakdown is caused by changes in the structure of fruit cell tissue due to cell wall metabolism. Heat treatment is an environment-friendly postharvest physical treatment, which can insect disinfestation, decay control, ripening delay, modification of fruit responses to other stresses and maintain quality of harvested fruits and vegetables. The effects of hot-water treatment (HWT) on aril breakdown, cell wall component contents and cell wall-degrading enzyme activities in pulp of harvested longan fruits were investigated. This study aimed to determine the relationship between inhibition of longan cell wall metabolism by heat treatment and aril breakdown for achieving the control of aril breakdown and prolonging the storage period of harvested longan fruits. The harvested longan (cv. Fuyan) fruits were pre-treated with hot-water at 50°C for 10 minutes, air dry, and then packed into sealed polyethylene bags (0.015 mm thickness) and stored at (15±1)°Cfor 10 days. Aril breakdown condition was observed, cell wall component contents and cell wall-degrading enzyme activities in pulp of harvested longan fruits were determined regularly during the storage. The results showed that aril breakdown index constantly rose during storage, water-soluble pectin (WSP) content first increased and then decreased, contents of ionic-soluble pectin (ISP), covalent-soluble pectin (CSP),, hemicellulose and cellulose decreased continuously. Activities of pectin pectinmethylesterase (PME) and cellulase (CX) rose at first but then declined. polygalacturonase (PG) activity reduced, andβ-galactosidase (β-Gal) activity firstly fell and then went up in the pulp of the control treatment of harvested longan fruits. Compared with the fruits in the control treatment, HWT could significantly (PX, delayed the increase in the content of WSP and the decline in contents of ISP, CSP, semicellulose and cellulose. From the results, it can be concluded that aril breakdown and components of cell wall metabolism in the pulp of harvested longan fruits were closely related. PME, PG and CX played an important role in the early aril breakdown, and β-Gal and reactive oxygen may play an important role in the late aril breakdown. Furthermore, the study also showed that HWT can reduce the degradation of the cell wall components by reducing cell wall-degrading enzyme activities in the pulp of harvested longan fruits, which helped to maintain the integrity of the cell wall structure, slowed down the leakage of cellular contents, and inhibited the occurrence of aril breakdown. The results provided reference of heat treatment for freshness-keeping of harvested longan fruits.
Number of references: 35
Main heading: Fruits
Controlled terms: Cells - Cellulose - Cytology - Degradation - Heat treatment - Metabolism - Physiology - Quality control - Storage (materials) - Water treatment - Waterworks
Uncontrolled terms: Aril breakdown - Cell wall-degrading enzymes - Cell-wall components - Dimocarpus longan lours - Environment friendly - Fruits and vegetables - Pectin methylesterase - Physical treatments
Classification code: 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446 Waterworks - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 694.4 Storage - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.033
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19. Identification of sugarcane based on object-oriented analysis using time-series HJ CCD data
Accession number: 20142617866559
Authors: Wang, Jiuling (1, 2); Huang, Jinliang (1); Wang, Lihui (2); Hu, Yanxia (1, 2); Han, Pengpeng (1, 2); Huang, Wei (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Corresponding author: Huang, J.(hjl@asch.whigg.ac.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 145-151
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Sugarcane identification on specific parcels and the assessment of soil management practices are important for agro-ecological studies, greenhouse gas modeling, and agrarian policy development. Information on the sugarcane cultivation areas is of global economic and environmental significance. The study area is Guigang City located in the central area of Guangxi Province which is a good representation of the agricultural conditions. Traditional pixel-based analysis of remotely sensed data results in inaccurate identification of some crops due to pixel heterogeneity, mixed pixels, spectral similarity. The growing region of sugarcane in Guangxi Province is discrete, so the remote sensing spectral of sugarcane is vulnerable to be impacted on a variety of crops. There are certain difficulties in the use of multi-spectral remote sensing to extract sugarcane. Current techniques for mapping sugarcane are based mainly on MODIS satellite data and may not make full use of the texture characteristics. The objective of this research is to investigate the potential for the application of the China Environment Satellite HJ-1A/1B and Phenology in monitoring sugarcane cultivation areas in Guangxi province in southern China. In our approach, we explored several characteristics such as the time information, spectral characteristics and texture features, used an object-based image analysis method and decision tree method for mapping the sugarcane area over large areas based on multi-temporal China Environment Satellite HJ-1A/B Data. A CCD camera sensor with 30m spatial resolution on board the China Environment Satellite HJ-1A and B has both visible and near infrared bands and a revisit period of four days, thus the temporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be obtained from HJ-1A and B data. A time series of the China Environment Satellite HJ-1A/B Data and DEM images was acquired in order to represent the wide range of pattern variation along the sugarcane crop cycle. Firstly, the phenology differences and between sugarcane and other crops, such as cassavas, rice, corn, in Guigang City were analyzed. Therefore the best recognition sessions of the sugarcane was proposed to be February, May, early August and December. Then, to derive the image objects, the multi-scale segmentation algorithm was used in Definiens Developer in which the classification rule set was established. The rule set consists of the Process Algorithm and Class Description which contain several membership functions of characteristic indexes. The useful characteristic indexes mapping the sugarcane from other crops are Spectral mean value, NDVI, Digital Evaluate Model (DEM) and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) homogeneity. Finally, the desired thematic map with sugarcane ready to harvest was generated. The mapping was then evaluated applying the confusion matrix method and Kappa statistics to the independent testing dataset which was composed of 102 field survey points and 48 point samples on Google Earth. The statistics indicated that the classification achieved an overall accuracy of 91.3% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.83. The results of this study show that the Object-Oriented method is very efficient for the sugarcane classification process to maximize elimination of other interfering factors and suggests that the China Environment Satellite HJ-1A/B has great potential in the development of an operational system for monitoring sugarcane growth in southern China.
Number of references: 27
Main heading: Photomapping
Controlled terms: Agronomy - Biology - Classification (of information) - Crops - Cultivation - Forestry - Greenhouse gases - Image resolution - Image segmentation - Maps - Pixels - Remote sensing - Satellites - Statistical tests - Sugar cane - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms: Environmental significance - Gray level co occurrence matrix(GLCM) - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object based image analysis - Object oriented - Phenology - Soil management practices - Visible and near infrared
Classification code: 461.9 Biology - 655.2 Satellites - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 741.1 Light/Optics - 742 Cameras and Photography - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.018
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20. Effect of adjuvant S240 on atomization of water dispersible granule and emulsion solution
Accession number: 20142617866549
Authors: Zhang, Wenjun (1); He, Xiongkui (1); Song, Jianli (1); Wang, Changling (1); Herbst, Andreas (2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI, Messeweg 11/12 D-38104, Braunschweig 65236, Germany
Corresponding author: He, X.(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 61-67
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: In order to study effect liquid characteristic on nozzle atomization process, this article applied Particle Droplets Image Analysis, high speed camera, and Malvern particle sizer to carry out experiment which focused on how Don-q, Score and the concentration of Breakthru S240 affected spraying sheet and droplet spectrum with conventional fan nozzle ST110-03 and anti-drift nozzle IDK120-03. The concentration of Don-q, Score solution was 0.275% and 0.1% respectively and the concentration of Breakthru S240 added into Don-q and Score was 0, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.1%. Whole images and Detail image of ST110-03 and IDK120-03 nozzles’ spraying sheet were taken at 0.3 MPa to observe its structure and to analyze the influence of type of formulation and adjuvant concentration using high speed camera and PDIA respectively. And VMD was obtained from Malvern particle sizer. The results showed that: when spraying 0.275% Don-q solution without adjuvant, spraying sheets and VMD of ST110-03 had no significant change compared with water; For IDK120-03, the spraying sheet had slight increase and the VMD almost did not change. When spraying 0.1% Score solution without adjuvant, the spraying sheet decreased by 35.2%, 40.5% individually and the VMD increased by 13.5%, 28.9% separately for ST110-03, IDK120-03 nozzle. Meanwhile, the structure of atomization was significantly affected by formulation. For ST110-03 nozzle, the film region was significantly reduced; fragmentation in film region become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film, and the wave formation was disappeared with thinner rim. For IDK120-03 nozzle, the film region was also significantly reduced; fragmentation in film region also become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film, but the hole was smaller than that of water and 0.275% Don-q. Combined with the analysis of surface tension and viscosity, it was found that the surface tension was an important factor affecting length of spraying sheet, structure of film, the droplet size; with the reduce of surface tension, the length decreased and the VMD increased. For the increase of Breakthru S240 concentration, the length of spraying sheet firstly decreased and then increased. It had the minimum when the concentration of adjuvant was 0.01% and the spraying liquid was 0.1% Score; it had another minimum when the concentration of adjuvant was 0.03% for 0.275% Don-q. Meanwhile, the structure of atomization was affected by adjuvant concentration at different levels. For ST110-03, the perforation disintegration was gradually serious, the hole become bigger when spraying score with adjuvant, and there was still no wave formation even if the concentration of adjuvant was 0.1%; the fragmentation in film region become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film, wave formation gradually decreased when spraying don-q with adjuvant. For IDK120-03, the perforation disintegration was gradually serious, the hole become bigger when spraying score with adjuvant; the fragmentation in film region become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film when spraying don-q with adjuvant. Whereas the VMD firstly increased and then decreased, and the VMD had the maximum when adjuvant concentration is 0.03%. Therefore, it was concluded that the trend of droplet change and the difference of spraying sheet length had certain correlation, and the apparent rule was with the increase of spraying sheet, the VMD decreased; with the decrease of spraying sheet, the VMD increased. Coupled with the analysis of surface tension and viscosity, surface tension was gradually decreased, but the spraying fan did not decreased or increased gradually. Maybe other characteristic of liquid combined with surface tension together depended on spraying fan length and change of atomization region in complicated mixture. So it was deduced that surface tension was one of important factors effecting atomization.
Number of references: 25
Main heading: Spray nozzles
Controlled terms: Atomization - Drop formation - Emulsification - Experiments - Granulation - High speed cameras - High speed photography - Hole concentration - Liquids - Spraying - Surface tension - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms: Droplet sizes - Droplet spectrums - Emulsion solutions - Nozzle atomizations - Sheet lengths - Structure of films - Water-dispersible granules - Wave formation
Classification code: 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 742.1 Photography - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.008
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
21. Effect of tillage and rice residue return on CH4 and N2O emission from double rice field
Accession number: 20142617866568
Authors: Qin, Xiaobo (1); Li, Yu’e (1); Wan, Yunfan (1); Liao, Yulin (2); Fan, Meirong (3); Gao, Qingzhu (1); Liu, Shuo (1); Ma, Xin (1)
Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Soils and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China; (3) Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha 410004, China
Corresponding author: Li, Y.(yueli@ami.ac.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 216-224
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) (methane and nitrous oxide) of double rice paddy was controlled by various field managements, tillage, and rice straw return to the field. On one hand, the choice of the tillage mode affects the gas permeability of soil during the crop-growing stage. On the other, the incorporation of rice straw can be a critical way to amend the loss of soil carbon. Both of the two practices have their advantages and disadvantages on rice production and environmental effects. In fact, no tillage causes less methane emissions from double rice fields than the field with conventional tillage. Nevertheless, rice straw return to the field increases tremendous methane production and emission of organic carbon. In spite of its promotion on rice productivity and sequestration of soil organic carbon pool, this practice is still under discussion.Therefore, multi-management mode should be considered simultaneously when regional or national policy is made to reduce GHGI from agriculture. To date, the study of the interaction effect of tillage and the rice residue return on GHGI from double rice fields is lacking. Most of the previous studies focused only on one field management and its influence mechanism. Consequently, we conducted a measurement for 4 rice growing seasons on GHGI of a double rice field in Hunan, China to investigate the interaction effect of tillage and rice straw return on both the social-economical and environmental benefits. The improved static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method was used to monitor the greenhouse gas emissions from the rice paddy. Major improvements made on the chamber include the adjustable sampling tube and the pores in the base. The former was designed to change with the growth of the rice plant and the latter favored the communication of soil water between the inside and outside of the base. Both of them enhanced the accuracy of the field measurement. Four field practices were included in this research, viz. CWS (Conventional tillage, without straw residue return), NWS (No till, without straw residue return), HN (High stubble residue retain, no till), and HC (High stubble residue retain, conventional tillage). Results showed that there is a significant interaction effect of tillage and rice residue return on methane emissions (PHN>CWS>NWS (HC significantly greater than HN while no significant difference between HN and CWS). Similarly, the amount of rice grain yield of each treatment of the 4 seasons is the following: CWS>HN>HC>NWS (no significant difference between HN and CWS). For the GHGI, the following order is disclosed: HC>CWS>HN>NWS (HN less than HC and CWS significantly, P<0.05). This indicated that compared to CWS, “no-till plus high stubble residue (HN)” offset the stimulations of conventional tillage on methane production and emission while simultaneously promoting the rice grain yield. Thus the multi-management mode mitigated the GHGI of the double rice field significantly. Under the requirement of organic tillage and the sequestration of agricultural soil carbon pool, HN mode should be considered of great importance. This study can provide scientific support on the measurement choice of greenhouse gases effect reduction from the major rice production region of China.
Number of references: 33
Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Emission control - Gas chromatography - Greenhouse gases - Methane - Nitrogen oxides - Soil moisture - Straw
Uncontrolled terms: Environmental benefits - High stubbles - Interaction effect - Interannual variation - Nitrous oxide emissions - No-till - Rice fields - Soil organic carbon pools
Classification code: 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 522 Gas Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.027
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
22. Design and optimization of wireless sensor networking in big paddy field
Accession number: 20142617866564
Authors: Lei, Gang (1); Wang, Weixing (1, 2); Sun, Baoxia (1, 3); Huang, Hong (1); Zheng, Shaoxiong (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Guangdong Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510520, China
Corresponding author: Wang, W.(weixing@scau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 180-187
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: In recent years, the technique of wireless senor networking was widely applied in the field of agriculture. Due to the complexity of the agricultural environment and various unpredictable factors such as barriers, weather conditions as well as some other filed conditions, it was important to propose a better networking scheme to minimize the cost of energy consumption and improve the performance of the network communication. In order to solve the problem that of the cluster head nodes beforehand because of the exhaustion of energy in the cluster structure and serious packet loss rate of the network in the large-scale paddy field of wireless sensor networking, three kinds of networking schemes were proposed here. An omni-directional antenna networking communication mode can be used for communicating in multi-hop in different rings. A directional antenna networking communication mode can also be used for communicating in multi-hop in different rings, in which data packets which form the high level ring can be transmitted to the first level node. For a hybrid antenna communication mode, we can use the scheme of double-cluster head networking, in which the main cluster head received packets of a vice cluster head node, which was gathered from other member nodes, communicated with the base station in the multi-hop network. In this paper, firstly, the difference among the network topology structure with a hybrid antenna networking mode, a directional antenna networking mode and an omni-directional antenna networking mode was given. Then, the energy consumption of the three kinds of multi-hop networking was analyzed theoretically. Simulation results show that, compared with the directional antenna networking communication mode, the amount of data increased by 10 times respectively in the hybrid antenna networking mode. Compared to the omni-directional antenna networking communication mode, the stabilization period of network was prolonged by 24.3% and the lifetime increased by 28.2% in the hybrid antenna networking mode. Finally, networking tests were conducted in a paddy field for examining the communication performance of the omni-directional and hybrid antenna networking mode, equipped with a RF905 RF chip and a TDJ-0825BKM1 directional antenna. Results show that, compared with an omni-directional antenna network of communication, the packet loss rate of the hybrid antenna network decreased by 8.11%, and the average time of alive network was prolonged by 8.66% simultaneously. The research was provided for a reference of wireless sensor networking scheme, which can be applied in the large area of paddy fields.
Number of references: 29
Main heading: Sensor nodes
Controlled terms: Agriculture - Communication - Complex networks - Design - Directional couplers - Directional patterns (antenna) - Directive antennas - Energy utilization - Omnidirectional antennas - Optimization - Sensors - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural environments - Communication performance - Design and optimization - Hybrid antenna - Network communications - Network topology structure - Omni-directional antenna - Wireless sensor networkings
Classification code: 408 Structural Design - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 714.3 Waveguides - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 732 Control Devices - 801 Chemistry - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.023
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
23. Passivating effect of biochar and humic acid materials on heavy metals during composting of pig manure
Accession number: 20142617866567
Authors: Hou, Yueqing (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Cheng, Hongsheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; (3) Agricultural University of Hebei, College of Resources and Environment Science, Baoding 071000, China
Corresponding author: Shen, Y.(shenyj09b@gmail.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 205-215
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: With the rapid development of animal husbandry in China, proportion of large-scale farms is increasing. At the same time, animal manure has largely produced. The soil heavy metal pollution caused by use of manure as organic fertilizer, has seriously affected the quality of the soil and agricultural products. Some of the passivation materials can play a role to immobilize heavy metals. But, issues on use of the passivation material exist, those such as relatively high cost, difficult to obtain, low passivation rate. To better use animal manure as a resource and reduce its environmental impact, and to explore different passivation materials on the influence of passivation effect of heavy metals during manure composting process, a series of composting tests were conducted to study the effect of passivating agents including biochar (wood biochar, corn stalks charcoal, peanut shell biochar) and humic acid (FJ biological humic acid, JBW biological humic acid, peat) on the status of heavy metals through composting. Seven manure mixtures (including a blank) were composted over a 30-day period in an aerobic composting tank using the same source of pig manure but with different bulking agents. Parameters monitored over this period included temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC) and germination index (GI) to evaluation the compost maturity. The content of heavy metals in various forms before and after the composting was also determined. The results showed that peanut shell biochar (F3), corn stalks charcoal (F2), JBW biological humic acid (F5) and wood biochar (F1) were the best passivation for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively when exchangeable heavy metals were used as an indicator. The passivation effect on exchangeable heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) as compared with the control was reduced 65.79%, 57.2%, 64.94%, 94.67%, respectively. The effect of these four passivation treatments on exchangeable heavy metals was significantly better than the control treatment (p0.05). On the other hand, the treatment of peanut shell biochar as a passivation material (F3) did not reach the standard of compost maturity. The value of highest temperature in the compost file of peanut shell biochar treatment (F3) was 45.14°C, and at the end of the composting, the value of pH was 5.41, EC was 9.48 mS/cm, GI was 0.47%. The low germination index indicated that immature compost may contain phytotoxic materials preventing seed from germination. In this experiment, JBW biological humic acid treatment (F5) not only showed better passivation effect on Zn, but also exhibited good passivation effect on Cu, Pb, Cd (47.78%, 47.54%, 87.36%, respectively). In all, taking into account of the effects of compost maturity, compost quality, and different heavy metals, wood biochar, corn stalks charcoal, and JBW biological humic acid can be used as heavy metal passivation material for pig manure composting. The use of these passivation materials created conditions for use of the manure as a resource. This will help to reduce the environmental risks of heavy metal pollution when using the manure as a source of organic fertilizer.
Number of references: 35
Main heading: Biological materials
Controlled terms: Agricultural products - Animals - Charcoal - Composting - Copper - Cultivation - Environmental impact - Fertilizers - Heavy metals - Lead - Manures - Oilseeds - Organic acids - Passivation - Shells (structures) - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms: Bio chars - Environmental risks - Heavy metal pollution - Highest temperature - Humic acid - Passivation materials - Passivation treatment - Pig manures
Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 544.1 Copper - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 814 Leather and Tanning - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822 Food Technology
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.026
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
24. Simulation of transient behavior in prototype centrifugal pump during rapid regulating flow rate
Accession number: 20142617866550
Authors: Zhang, Yuliang (1); Xiao, Junjian (1); Cui, Baoling (2); Zhu, Zuchao (2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (2) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Corresponding author: Zhang, Y.(zhang002@sina.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 68-75
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Transient performance of pumps during transient operating periods, such as startup and the regulating valve, has drawn more and more attention recently due to growing engineering needs. It is impossible for a pump to work at a working point forever, namely that the switching process among different working points must be existent. In order to reveal the transient characteristics of a prototype centrifugal pump in the transient process of the decreasing flow rate by the regulating discharge valve, a low specific-speed centrifugal pump was chosen as the research object to investigate by using the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, respectively. Through the research, the external performance and internal flow field of the pump model are obtained during the transient operating period. Based on the deduced generalized Euler equation of turbomachinery, the additional transient theory head of the pump model are quantitatively calculated and analyzed in the process of decreasing the flow rate. Results show that under the same conditions, the flow rate after the regulating discharge valve is smaller, the greater the additional theory head, which manifests the transient effect that is more obvious. Meanwhile, the transient effect at the later stage is more remarkable than that of former stage. Subsequently, the RNG k-Ε turbulence model, sliding mesh, and user defined functions (UDF) are employed to simulate the three-dimensional unsteady viscous incompressible flow in the centrifugal pump during the rapid regulating flow rate. The results show that the rotor-stator interaction plays a dominant role in the fluctuating characteristics of flow parameters at the pump outlet, while the influence on flow parameters at the pump inlet is not very obvious. Moreover, compared with the influence on the condition of the large flow rate, the rotor-stator interaction has a more remarkable effect on the condition of the small flow rate. The predicted pump head is smallest when the relative position between blade and tongue is nearest. Similarly, the predicted head is largest when the tongue is at just after the middle of impeller channel. In a rotational cycle, choosing two relative positions, namely 0.225 T and 0.825 T as the single steady initial phase, would obtain the best numerical prediction accuracy. The different flow components and viscous effect together make the characteristics of the axial velocity distribution in the impeller and the volute opposite. The flow acceleration effect is the most important reason that the flow field evolution in transient calculation lags behind that of the quasisteady calculation as a whole.
Number of references: 28
Main heading: Flow rate
Controlled terms: Axial flow - Centrifugal pumps - Flow fields - Impellers - Inlet flow - Numerical methods - Pumps - Turbulence models - Valves (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms: Axial-velocity distribution - Quasisteady - Rotor-stator interactions - Simulation - Transient characteristic - Transient effect - User-defined functions - Viscous incompressible flows
Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.009
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
25. Estimation of above-ground biomass of grassland based on multi-source remote sensing data
Accession number: 20142617866561
Authors: Wang, Xinyun (1); Guo, Yige (1); He, Jie (2)
Author affiliation: (1) Key Lab. for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in NW China of Ministry of Educ., Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (2) School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Corresponding author: Wang, X.(wxy_whu@hotmail.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 159-166
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Grassland is one of the most widely distributed terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. It is critical to accurately estimate grassland biomass of the desert steppe, and to understand its dynamics changes in order to study the regional carbon cycle and the sustainable use of grassland resource. The integration of multisensory data provides the opportunity to explore the benefits of grassland biomass effective estimation via multiple data sources. Based on the field survey data, quadrature-polarization (qual-pol) RADARSAT-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) C-band data was utilized to develop a biomass regression model and estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB) of the Caragana microphylla shrubbery in the desert steppe region in the northwest of China. The research area was located at Yangzhaizi Village in Ningxia Autonomous region. Grassland inventory was carried out in 45 randomly distributed plots (30 m × 30 m), and the data was used for either model development or validation. An allometric regression model was established to estimate its biomass for every Caragana microphylla shrub with CH (crown width multiple plant height) variable. The local allometric regression equation was applied to calculate AGB per plot. Furthermore, the correlation between the aboveground biomass of Caragana microphylla shrubbery and the radar backscatter coefficient was analyzed. The AGB regression model was developed by integrating field measurements of 25 sample plots with RADARSAT-2 backscatter remotely sensed data. The multiple stepwise regressions algorithm was applied to develop the AGB model and estimate the grassland above-ground biomass from RADARSAT-2 backscatter data. The developed model was validated by using 20 independent sample plots. Simultaneously, RADARSAT-2 images were fused with the optical HJ1B data by using a discrete wavelet transform for the land cover classification. The image classification based on the objects was performed by using the empirical-statistical machine learning techniques, such as a classification and regression trees (CART) algorithm. The overall accuracy and Kappa value of the proposed method was 90.2% and 0.88, respectively. It indicated that the proposed method performed well for the land use and land cover (LULC) classification. An AGB biomass distribution map was produced by RADARSAT-2 backscatter data in combination with the land cover classification image and AGB regression model. As a comparison, the AGB from RADARSAT-2 estimates were compared with the results from the HJ1B normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) model. The result showed that there was a good quantitative relationship between the AGB from the microphylla shrubbery and the RADARSAT-2 radar backscatter coefficient. A good fit was found between AGB estimated by RADARSAT-2 and ground-measured biomass with a R2 (coefficient of determination) and Root Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of 0.71 and 14.2 kg/hm2 respectively. Its estimated accuracy was higher than that of the HJ1B NDVI model (R2=0.27, RMSE=20.58 kg/hm2). Consequently, the fusion of optical and radar data for the land cover classification could effectively improve the accuracy of the object recognition for the land cover classification and the estimation accuracy of AGB estimation. Radar remote sensing data could be used for quantitative studies on grassland structural parameters. Moreover, it demonstrated a high potential for monitoring indicators of grassland ecosystem by combining the optical with polarimetric SAR remote sensing imanges.
Number of references: 31
Main heading: Synthetic aperture radar
Controlled terms: Artificial intelligence - Backscattering - Biomass - Data integration - Discrete wavelet transforms - Ecosystems - Image classification - Landforms - Learning systems - Mathematical models - Object recognition - Radar - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Trees (mathematics) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms: Above ground biomass - Desert steppe - HJ1B - Radarsat-2 - Remote sensing estimations
Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.020
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
26. Sensitive analysis of potential evapotranspiration to key climatic factors in Taohe River Basin
Accession number: 20142617866554
Authors: Yang, Linshan (1, 2); Li, Changbin (1, 2); Wang, Shuaibing (1, 2); Yang, Wenjin (2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Earth and Environment Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Corresponding author: Li, C.(licb@lzu.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 102-109
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Sensitive analysis of potential evapotranspiration (ET0) to main climatic factors is an important content of the land surface vapor flux research, which has remarkable theoretical and practical significance for understanding regional hydrological cycle and for effective use of agricultural water resources in the context of climate change. Over the past few decades, many parts of the world experienced a decline of ET0 under a warming-up background. Relationship between ET0 and the climatic factors has once again become people’s attention. The Taohe River Basin (TRB) is located in the transition zone of the two major geomorphic units of China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau. Area of the upstream of the TRB (Gannan Plateau) features an altitudinal cold humid and semi-humid climate, while the downstream of that (Loess Plateau) presents a temperate and semi-arid climate. Natural pattern of the regional climate differentiation provides a good platform for studies on sensitive analysis of ET0 to climatic factors. In this study, the Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation and the Beven sensitivity method were used to estimate the ET0 and sensitivity coefficient related to the main climatic factors. The Sen’s slope and Mann-Kendall approaches were used to quantitatively test the amplitude and significance of the sensitivity from year 1981 to 2010. Based on above studies, we comprehensively analyzed the sensitivity of ET0 to climatic factors and discussed the reasons of the ET0 variability under a changeable regional climate in the TRB over the past 30 years. The P-M module outputs indicated a spatially gradual increase of ET0 from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the TRB. The multi-yearly averaged annual ET0 across the basin was in a range of 633-789 mm. During the period from 1981 to 2010, there was an up-growing tendency of ET0 at a rate of 3.43 mm per year. In the upper reach area of Gannan Plateau, the increase of ET0 was less obvious than that in the lower reach area of Loess Plateau, with an increase rate of 3.39 mm per year and 3.54 mm per year, respectively. Application of Beven method resulted in an obvious differences of ET0 sensitivity to climatic factors. According to the sensitivity coefficients, the sensitive significance was in an order of net solar radiation relative humidity maximum air temperature minimum air temperature wind speed, while there were relatively high correlation between ET0 and the sensitivity coefficient of the net solar radiation, the maximum air temperature and the wind speed, respectively. Especially, higher values of sensitivity and correlation coefficients were found with the first two factors. The results showed that given the same increasing amplitude ( 1%) of net solar radiation and maximum air temperature, the relative increment of ET0 due to the net solar radiation was 0.73%, while that due to the maximum temperature was 0.31%. Over the past 30 years, change of net solar radiation (1%) was less than that of the maximum air temperature (5%), thus, the sensitivity of ET0 to the regional climate was dominated by a weakness to net solar radiation and an enhancement of maximum air temperature. Therefore, the increase of ET0 during the studied period was mainly due to increment of the air temperature in the area.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Climate change
Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature - Evapotranspiration - Landforms - Sensitivity analysis - Solar radiation - Sun - Vapors - Watersheds - Wind
Uncontrolled terms: Correlation coefficient - Hydrological cycles - Penman-Monteith - Potential evapotranspiration - Qinghai Tibet plateau - River basins - Sensitivity coefficient - Sensitivity methods
Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.013
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
27. Optimization of fermentation process in skim milk with ST-III Lactobacillus plantarum
Accession number: 20142617866575
Authors: Hua, Baozhen (1); Li, Sha (1); Xu, Aicai (1); Xu, Zhiping (1); Ma, Chengjie (1)
Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
Corresponding author: Ma, C.(machengjie@brightdairy.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 276-284
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Fermented milk is increasingly used as a carrier of probiotics for their potential health functions. Because the concentration of viable probiotics is the key factor to health functions, it should be higher than the recommended concentration for probiotics (106 CFU/g). However, there are many products with low viability of probiotics in the market. It is very important and necessary for the milk industry to increase the count of viable probiotics in yogurt. In addition, survival during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract is generally considered a key feature for probiotics to preserve their expected health functions. However, the traditional yogurt starters (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) have weak tolerance to acid and bile salt and hence limit therapeutic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has been demonstrated that it can survive in the human intestine and tolerate acid and bile salt. Moreover, it has a lot of precious therapeutic effects, such as precipitating and assimilating cholesterols, lowering blood sugar, diminishing inflammation and improving immunity. Hence, L.plantarum has become one of research hotspots in recent years. Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III strain (CGMCC No.0847) is a probiotics and has ability to tolerate acid and bile salts as well as grow in the lower intestinal tract. It also be proved to have ability to precipitate and assimilate cholesterols in vitro and in vivo. However L.plantarum ST-III strain is auxotrophic and has weak ability to grow in skim milk and clot milk by acidification. In this study, to increase the concentration of viable L.plantarum ST-III and elucidate the factors restricting growth of L.plantarum ST-III in skim milk, the fermentation conditions were researched and optimized. The effects of soybean polypeptide concentration, manganese gluconate concentration, inoculum size of S. thermophilus and fermentation temperature on the pH and living cell count of L.plantarum ST-III of fermented milk were evaluated by single-factor experiment. The results showed that soybean polypeptide concentration, manganese gluconate concentration and inoculum size of S. thermophilus could significantly affect the growth and metabolism of L.plantarum ST-III (P0.05). Soybean polypeptide concentration, manganese gluconate concentration and inoculum size of S. thermophilus were further studied using a three-variable, three-level Box-Benhnken design to optimize the fermentation conditions. The date was analyzed with the software Design Expert 8.0. The results indicated that the fermentation conditions model had an extremely significant effect on predicting the result of the test. Moreover, a significant interaction between soybean polypeptide concentration and manganese gluconate concentration was observed. Results of the response surface optimization test showed the optimal fermentation conditions were: soybean polypeptide concentration was 11 g/kg; manganese gluconate concentration was 11 mg/kg; inoculum size of S. thermophilus was 106 CFU/g; fermentation temperature was 37°C. In this optimal fermentation conditions, the verification tests demonstrated that the actual living cell count of L.plantarum ST-III was 1.88×109 CFU/mL. In addition, the verification tests showed that in the optimal fermentation conditions the fermented milk with L.plantarum ST-III had the best sensory properties, such as uniform coagulation state, less whey separation, pure and strong flavors. The optimal fermentation conditions greatly increased the living cell count of L.plantarum ST-III in fermented milk and improved health functions of fermented milk.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Fermentation
Controlled terms: Bacilli - Cholesterol - Fermented milk - Health - Manganese - Optimization - Salts - Technology
Uncontrolled terms: Fermentation conditions - Fermentation temperature - Gastrointestinal tract - Lactobacillus bulgaricus - Lactobacillus plantarum - Response surface optimization - Single-factor experiments - Streptococcus thermophilus
Classification code: 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 901 Engineering Profession - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.034
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
28. Design and experiment of trapping and monitoring device for adult bactrocera dorsalis(hendel)
Accession number: 20142617866546
Authors: Wen, Tao (1, 2); Hong, Tiansheng (2, 3); Li, Lijun (1); Li, Zhen (2, 3); Ye, Zhijie (2, 4); Zhang, Yanhui (4)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Engineering College of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China; (4) College of Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
Corresponding author: Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 37-44
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) are invasive pests that occur frequently. They can cause serious harm to fruit trees’ growth and have been ranked as an important quarantine object in many countries and regions. The regular manual survey used as the routine predicting method for Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) cannot meet the requirement for real-time monitoring and warning of the adult pests in orchards. With the development of science and technologies, the method of the automatic machine monitoring for pests has been studied including detection of sound characteristics, radar monitoring, machine vision and spectral monitoring. Since the occurrence of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) is characteristics by randomness, migratory and hiding, the direct use of monitoring techniques above in combination with the traditional method may cause some problems such as timing, processing and costs in monitoring pests. Therefore, this study developed a trapping and monitoring device for detecting Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) pests’ quantity to tackle the problems above. Biological characteristics of the pests were analyzed. The numbers of pests were detected based on photo-electricity technology. The developed device was composed of a baffle, pest tunnels, detection area and a pest jar. A relevant signal detection module contained infrared photoelectric matching circuits, voltage followers, differential amplifiers and hysteresis comparators. Performance test of the device showed that there was significant (P0.05) was found in the voltage outputs from the devices with different colors (black, white and blue) designed for its tunnel wall. The measuring errors caused by different detection positions could be ignored since the F test for voltage outputs from different positions produced P value greater than 0.05. Furthermore, the detection reliability of the device was validated in a Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) pests’ quantity monitoring experiment during peak seasons. The results showed the detection error of the developed device ranged from 3% to 8%. It could provide real-time and automatic detection for the pests and meet the requirements of monitoring Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) in orchards.
Number of references: 33
Main heading: Monitoring
Controlled terms: Buffer amplifiers - Computer vision - Differential amplifiers - Experiments - Orchards - Pest control - Photoelectricity
Uncontrolled terms: Bactrocera Dorsalis(Hendel) - Biological characteristic - Development of science and technologies - Hysteresis comparator - Infrared photoelectric - Monitoring techniques - Photoelectric detection - Plant protection
Classification code: 713.1 Amplifiers - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.005
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
29. Identification of soft roads by real-time monitoring of rolling resistance
Accession number: 20142617866547
Authors: Han, Yu (1, 2); Meng, Guangwei (1); Huang, Chaosheng (2); Zhang, Weijun (2); Li, Zhenlei (2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (2) China FAW Group Corporation R and D Center, Changchun 130011, China
Corresponding author: Han, Y.(hanyu@rdc.faw.com.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 45-52
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: The development of the automotive technology makes the vehicle mobility possible. The current technologies commonly used include active suspension, intelligent differential lock, central tire inflation system, and torque control-based engine technology. These new technologies cannot be applied unless the road character is predicted by the vehicle. Soil support strength “cone index” (CI, pound/inch2) can be classified into 3 categories: 30-75, 75-125, and >125. Based on the CI classification, the road also can be classified. On the road with CI Category 1, the vehicle usually cannot go through; on the road with CI Category 2, the vehicle can pass through quickly by the soft road pattern; and the road with CI Category 3 can barely affect the mobility of the vehicle. In this study, to identify the soft road, the rolling coefficients threshold based on the experiences was established between Category 1 and Category 2. It assumed that the mobility of the vehicle would be better improved if a vehicle identified the road feature and then adjusted the vehicle-self running at the soft pattern automatically. To increase the mobility of the military off-road vehicle, one identification method of the soft roads based on real-time monitoring of the rolling resistance was put forward. Since the tire barely deformed, it could be regarded as a rigid-body when a vehicle was running on a soft road. The width of the tire could affect the coefficient of the rolling resistance, but the character parameters of soft roads were the major factors affecting coefficient of the rolling resistance. When the vehicle was driven on soft road, the movement of the vehicle could be prevented by soft soil because not all soil counterforce were effective, for example, some of the resistance forces did not produce propulsive force but were consumed to make soil deformation. The character parameters of soft roads in Institute of Changchun Wetland were measured and the CI was calculated. The rolling resistance of a wheel on real compact terrain was calculated based on Bakker’s terramechanics pressure-sinkage equation. The results showed that the rolling resistance was less than 0.03 when the vehicle ran on concrete road, less than 0.1 on hard road, and greater than 0.2 on sand. Therefore, the rolling resistance of 0.2 was considered as the critical value for soft road identification. In a real condition when a vehicle ran on a road, by real-time monitoring the running condition of a vehicle and its engineer on real roads, the coefficient of the rolling resistance could be calculated based on the longitudinal force equation using the engine transient output torsion. If the obtained coefficient of the rolling resistance was greater than 0.2, the vehicle would run at a soft road pattern and pass through the soft road more quickly. In a test study, the accuracy of a vehicle successfully identifying road condition reached 90%, confirming that the rolling resistance-based soft road identification method proposed here was reliable.
Number of references: 30
Main heading: Vehicles
Controlled terms: Active suspension systems - Engines - Identification (control systems) - Monitoring - Off road vehicles - Roads and streets - Rolling resistance - Soils
Uncontrolled terms: Automotive technology - Central tire inflation systems - Cone index - Identification method - Military off-road vehicle - Roads identifications - Terramechanics - Vehicle mobility
Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets - 432 Highway Transportation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 612 Engines - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663 Buses, Tractors and Trucks - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.2 Control System Applications - 818.5 Rubber Products - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.006
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
30. Crop information identification based on MODIS NDVI time-series data
Accession number: 20142617866558
Authors: Xu, Qingyun (1, 2, 3); Yang, Guijun (1, 2); Long, Huiling (1, 2); Wang, Chongchang (3); Li, Xinchuan (1, 2); Huang, Dengcheng (3)
Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) School of Mapping and Geographical Science, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
Corresponding author: Yang, G.(guijun.yang@163.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 134-144
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Arable land is the foundation of the national economy. How to make the best of arable land resources has become a focus problem of modern science and technology information. The rapid development of agricultural condition remote sensing monitoring technology provides more scientific ways and information technology for monitoring the arable land in real-time. In order to obtain the information of Shaanxi Province agricultural condition monitoring for managing arable land more efficiently, this thesis aimed to study the crop planting patterns and types of arable land, and took the main crops (wheat, spring maize, summer maize, rice and rape) of arable land in Shaanxi Province as the research object. Firstly, the remote sensing datasets of 250 m MOD09Q1 time series during 2003-2012 were used, and the Savitzky-Golay filtering method of TIMESAT software was used to reconstruct the NDVI time series datasets. Secondly, combined with the agricultural meteorological station datasets, TM 30 m land cover classification data, and the main crops’ information and crop phenological information in Shaanxi Province, we extracted the change trends of typical terrain feature and determined the interannual dynamic thresholds. According to the threshold of a peak and crop growth period and other information, the crop planting patterns and crop types were identified. Thirdly, owing to the mixed pixel that the major factor affected the classification accuracy of the low spatial resolution remote sensing, therefore, the IDL optimization function (CONSTRAINED_MIN) was used to obtain each crop types’ abundance figure by the method of non-negative least squares. Two kinds of precision validation methods of spatial and quantitative were adopted in this paper. The total classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient were 88.18% and 59.64% respectively according to spatial comparative analysis. The classification results were revised by the crop types’ abundance figure, and the overall consistency of classification was 87.56% according to quantitative analysis, and the validation results for the rice and other grains had good consistency (93.74%, 92.36%), while the winter wheat and maize followed (83.68%, 84.61%). Through the analysis of mixed pixels, the overall consistency of estimating crop acreage increased by 6.23%, the consistency of winter wheat, maize, rice and other grains increased by 6.35%, 8.01%, 7.26% and 4.85%. The results indicate that using the Savitzky-Golay filtering method to reconstruct NDVI time series datasets could meet the requirement of the classification. Combining phonological information with time series datasets and using the classification method presented in this thesis could identify the crop planting patterns and crop types effectively in large scale. Using the IDL optimization function (CONSTRAINED_MIN) to analyze the mixed pixels, the crop acreages were calculated accurately.
Number of references: 26
Main heading: Crops
Controlled terms: Classification (of information) - Condition monitoring - Grain (agricultural product) - Identification (control systems) - Information technology - Land use - Least squares approximations - Pixels - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Signal filtering and prediction - Time series
Uncontrolled terms: Information identifications - Land cover classification - Modis ndvi - Planting pattern - Planting type - Remote sensing monitoring - Savitzky Golay Filtering - Shaanxi province
Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 603 Machine Tools - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903 Information Science - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.017
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
31. Design of automated feeding device for large-scale breeding of meat pigeon
Accession number: 20142617866545
Authors: Lü, Zhaoqin (1); Cai, Jichen (1); Zhou, Jianjun (2); Wang, Xiu (2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (2) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author: Lü, Z.(lzqsdau2003@126.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 30-36
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Meat pigeon breeding is an emerging farming industry with a high economic benefit. There are some fundamental problems that need to be addressed, such as the fact that artificial feeding work takes a lot of labor power when breeding in a large scale, the low level of feeding precision, and the high waste forage rate, which is also a disadvantage existing in meat pigeon breeding at present. An automated feeding device for meat pigeons which is suitable for three ladder cages was designed in order to solve the problems of automated feeding for large-scale breeding of meat pigeons. The automated feeding device was mainly composed of feeding troughs, a control box, travel switches, three-phase asynchronous motors, wheels, a driveline, and a frame. The frame mainly uses 40 mm× 40 mm× 4 mm square steel welded together. Feeding troughs were mounted on each layer of the frame respectively. The track was made up of 40 mm× 40 mm× 4 mm angle iron, which was bolted to the ground. The automated feeding device for meat pigeons was equipped with cast iron wheels mounted in the bottom of the frame on both sides. The travel switches were located in the outside of underlying level support of the frame and used to control the stroke of the automated feeding device for the meat pigeons. The driveline selected sprocket and chain to transmit output dynamic of the three-phase asynchronous motors to the wheels. The transmission ratio was 1:1. The control system of the device was mainly composed of a frequency converter, the travel switches, time relays, AC contactors, an air switch, buttons, and an indicator light. In the device’s control system, a frequency converter was adopted to control the speed of two three-phase asynchronous motors; the travel switches were used as a position detecting component; a time relay was used to set the running time and residence time in the feeding process; and AC contactors were used to control the start and stop of the frequency converter. The control system realized stroke control of the automated feeding device with high precision such as moving, stopping, and reversing. The prototype of the automated feeding device for meat pigeons was designed and tested for the stroke precision and feed wastage rate. And experimental results showed that the stroke precision of the system was controlled at more than 98%. The feed wastage rate was controlled at less than 1%. In conclusion, the automated feeding device for meat pigeons was applicable to factory farming, and had a good stability; feeding.
Number of references: 28
Main heading: Feeding
Controlled terms: Agriculture - Automation - Control - Control systems - Electric contactors - Frequency converters - Induction motors - Meats - Motors - Time switches - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms: Automated control - Automated feeding - Economic benefits - Farming industry - Livestocks - Position detecting - Three-phase asynchronous motor - Transmission ratios
Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732 Control Devices - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.004
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
32. Spatial and temporal variation in terrestrial net primary productivity on Chinese Loess Plateau and its influential factors
Accession number: 20142617866571
Authors: Xie, Baoni (1); Qin, Zhanfei (1); Wang, Yang (1); Chang, Qingrui (1)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author: Chang, Q.(changqr@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 244-253
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Monitoring dynamics of vegetation productivity and its influential factors are important for understanding the mechanisms of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. This study investigated the variation in vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) and its major influential factors on the Chinese Loess Plateau during 2000-2010. The remotely sensed time-series data MOD17A3 for vegetation collected by a MODIS sensor was analyzed for NPP changes. The climate factors (temperature, precipitation and solar radiation), palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and land use in the year of 2000-2010 were used to explore the effects of natural factors and human activities on NPP change. Linear least square regression was employed to estimate the trends of NPP in each grid point. The correlation between NPP change and various environmental factors was identified with Pearson coefficient. It was demonstrated that changes in NPP were related to factors such as climate, PDSI, crop area, crop yield and area of accumulative vegetation restoration. With multiple regression analysis, the contribution of human and natural forces to NPP shifts was evaluated separately for the whole Loess Plateau and several hot-spot cities within this region, respectively. The results showed that the NPP on the Loess Plateau was between 100-400 g C/(m2·a), and the average annual NPP during the 11 years was 238 g C/(m2·a). The NPP on the Loess Plateau increased by a rate of 4.57 g C/(m2·a) during the past 11 years. The total annual NPP increased from 119 Tg C in year 2000 to 144 Tg C in 2010. About 91% of the study area showed an increasing NPP trend but only 37% of the study area had a significant (P2·a)) and crop land (5.26 g C/(m2·a)) but lowest in wet land (1.40 g C/(m2·a)). The areas with significant (P<0.05) increase in crop and grasses were mainly due to the vegetation restoration scheme. But, the areas with the increase of forest coverage appeared to be the smallest. Across the whole Loess Plateau, both natural and human factors were responsible for changes in NPP during the 11 years. However, accumulated area of farmland returned to forest or grassland, PDSI, farmland area and population tended to be dominant influential factors with the standard regression coefficients between NPP and these factors of 0.634, 0.587, 0.187 and 0.062, respectively. The relative contributions of these four factors were 43%, 40%, 13% and 4%, respectively. Land use change resulted from the central government program of Grain for Green may be the reason for the NPP increase in the regions with vegetation restoration (e.g. northern Shaanxi, southwestern Gansu). The relief of drought events (increased PDSI) during last 11 years might be a reason for the rise of NPP in Qinghai and Inner Mongolia. This study could provide valuable information for regional ecological resources management and ecosystem reconstruction on the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Number of references: 40
Main heading: Ecosystems
Controlled terms: Climate change - Crops - Drought - Farms - Forestry - Information management - Land use - Landforms - Radiometers - Regression analysis - Restoration - Sun - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms: Chinese Loess Plateau - Influential factors - MODIS - Net primary productivity - Temporal and spatial variation
Classification code: 402 Buildings and Towers - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 444 Water Resources - 451 Air Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.030
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
33. Video segmentation method for agricultural knowledge video callcenter
Accession number: 20142617866565
Authors: Zhang, Lingxian (1, 2); Chen, Yingyi (1, 2); Li, Daoliang (1, 2); Fu, Zetian (1, 2); Li, Xinxing (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author: Li, X.(lxxcau@cau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 188-194
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Recently, mobile phone has a growing prospect in rural areas. According to relevant survey, the rate of visual acceptance is 83%, while the hearing acceptance is 13%, far below the visual. Video communication is more and more efficiency. Therefore, it can provide an efficiency knowledge obtained way, and it would provide knowledge for formers by phone in video form. Video call center technology is similar with voice call center, but it increases video playback function. It can play the required video clips, according to user needs. The videos can through mobile phone push to the user. The development of 3G and the upcoming 4G technology lay a good hardware foundation for video call center. Although video phone has not been fully universal at present, but video phone will be like now of voice calls, the rapid popularization in the near future. This will also be extended to video call center lay a good user base. At present, the most important of the video call center promote agricultural knowledge is a ring video sources. The technology research institution has recorded a lot of agricultural knowledge video. These videos which knowledge and professional is very strong, and has very high value of popularization, mostly recorded by a professionals. But the videos were originally a lecture class for TV, Internet or popular science lecture video recording. The playing time, video format, storage capacity is not suitable for the requirements of mobile phone. Because it must be divided the big video into complete knowledge content small video clips, the existing video segmentation methods, mostly artificial participation. Artificial video browsing through fast and rewind down let video segmentation come true. Then manually on the lens annotation, retrieval of this way is not only time-consuming, but also difficult to meet the large agricultural knowledge requirements of video segmentation. In order to solve this problem, a segmentation method based on video call center has designed a kind of agricultural knowledge video in this paper. It can divide the agricultural knowledge into a small complete knowledge unit, and with the help of the video call center sent to the farmers. This article studies the video shot segmentation method which based on HSV color space, and achieves video shot segmentation by comparing the color histogram of camera shot. Combine with the feature “audio-based, supplemented by video” of agriculture class lectures, it researches the audio lens’ segmentation in videos, and completes the Clustering for video camera. And then by extracting the video semantic unit, achieving segmentation for video, we can solve the problem that existing shot clustering method doesn’t apply for the video for agriculture lectures.
Number of references: 29
Main heading: Video cameras
Controlled terms: Agriculture - Audition - Cellular telephones - Image segmentation - Information services - Mobile phones - Networks (circuits) - Rural areas - Semantics - Telephone sets - Video recording - Video signal processing
Uncontrolled terms: Call centers - Knowledge - Knowledge requirements - Segmentation methods - Technology research - Video - Video communications - Video shot segmentation
Classification code: 703.1 Electric Networks - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 741.1 Light/Optics - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 903.4 Information Services
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.024
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
34. Analytical study on on-line model of moisture in hot air drying process of grain
Accession number: 20142617866543
Authors: Li, Changyou (1); Ma, Xingzao (1); Mai, Zhiwei (1)
Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author: Li, C.(lichyx@scau.edu.cn)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 10-20
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: In order to reveal the change rule of grain moisture content in deep bed drying, guide the design of drying technology, and realize real-time tracking and regulating the drying process, as well as improve the drying quality and reduce the energy consumption. Based on the moisture diffusion model of thin bed drying process and the mass conservation equation of deep bed drying process, as well as the state function and irreversible thermodynamics analysis method, the basic function of deep bed grain drying was set up and solved, and the analytical formula of the distribution of grain moisture content and drying rate in the drying methods of concurrent flow and counter flow, cross flow and standing drying were obtained. The result showed that the drying rate experienced the continuously decreasing process inside the concurrent flow deep bed drying, and the maximum point occurred at the beginning of the drying, that said the moisture content decreased quickly, and the late changed extremely smooth in the hot air inlet position. In counter flow deep bed drying, the drying rate had an extreme value point, and the maximum drying rate did not necessarily in the position of hot air inlet and outlet of drying layer. Indeed, the drying rate of counter flow was significantly higher than concurrent flow drying under the same drying conditions of ventilating temperature, humidity and air volume. And in cross flow and standing drying, the drying rate in the position of hot air inlet and outlet had a big difference. When the layer thickness was 0.5 m, and the grain moisture content was more than 20%, the drying rate was nearly zero in the air outlet. This paper pointed out that the change process of grain drying was from initial state point(wet grain)to the final state point (dry grain), the uniformity of cross flow and standing drying was poor, and the counter flow drying technology was more energy-saving than concurrent flow. The experiment was studied in 5HP-3.5 type circulating and tempering dryer, and the results showed that the analytical values and measured values of paddy moisture content in dryer export presented high fitting degree after experiencing the drying and tempering every time. And the maximum deviation between analytical values and measured values was 0.69%, the range of drying process was 0.27%-0.69%. Grain drying was a typical larger inertia and nonlinear process, which pointed out the reason for deviation should be detection error caused by instrument, and confirmed the reliability of the analytical results. The given analytical method avoided the problem of the poor reliability of grain moisture on-line detection instrument and the thin bed superposition simulation error accumulation under the grain drying conditions of high temperature, high humidity and high dust. The analytical methods were of great significance for achieving dynamic tracking and regulating of the grain drying process, guiding drying design, as well as achieving high efficiency and energy saving, improving the drying efficiency and capacity of the dryer.
Number of references: 34
Main heading: Drying
Controlled terms: Air intakes - Dryers (equipment) - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Error detection - Grain (agricultural product) - Low temperature drying - Moisture - Moisture determination - Tempering - Thermodynamics
Uncontrolled terms: Analytical formulas - Analytical method - Distribution of grains - Drying technology - Grain moisture content - Irreversible thermodynamics - Mass conservation equations - Maximum drying rate
Classification code: 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.002
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
35. Remote sensing identification of shrub encroachment in grassland in Inner Mongolia
Accession number: 20142617866560
Authors: Dong, Zhou (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Xia (4); Liang, Dong (1, 2); Huang, Wenjiang (2, 3); Peng, Dailiang (3); Huang, Linsheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China; (2) School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Corresponding author: Huang, W.(huangwenjiang@gmail.com)
Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Issue date: June 1, 2014
Publication year: 2014
Pages: 152-158
Language: Chinese
ISSN: 10026819
CODEN: NGOXEO
Document type: Journal article (JA)
Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract: Shrub encroachment has been a wide phenomenon across the arid and semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China. Although numerous studies have investigated the effect of this phenomenon on community composition, ecosystem structure, and nutrient cycling, reports on the distribution patterns of shrub encroachment are limited. A recent development in satellite remote sensing enables accurate assessment of shrub distribution and its dynamics at large scales. In this paper, the combined ground survey in Xianghuangqi, four satellite images (with spatial resolution of 5.8 m) of ZY-3, covering nearly the whole area and taken between July and August in 2013, were used to identify the shrub distribution in this region. It should be noted that the shrub here indicated the shrub-grass mosaic due to the mixed pixel effect, and the identification was weak when the coverage of shrub was on low levels. The NDVI threshold method was first used to extract the vegetation coverage area, and then three traditional pixel-oriented methods (Support vector machine, Maximum likelihood and Mahalanobis distance), compared with the object-oriented method, were used for the classification of images. Object-oriented method is different from the traditional one, in that the classification is not based on the spectral characteristics of individual pixel, but relies on the image object with spatial texture and shape and size characteristics. Ground survey data were used to compare the accuracy level of these methods. It indicated that the shrub recognition accuracy by using support vector machine algorithm is the highest among the three pixel-oriented methods, with higher producer accuracy and user accuracy than the other two algorithms. Furthermore, the overall classification accuracy of this algorithm is 81.15% higher than that of the maximum likelihood (73.33%) and the Mahalanobis distance (61.77%). However, the overall recognition accuracy by using the object-oriented approach (combined scale 97) was up to 89.24%. It also revealed that the proportion of shrub omission and commission decreased while the combined scale of object increased. These results suggest that the object-oriented method, with high accuracy level, is much more favorable in shrub extraction from grassland background.
Number of references: 26
Main heading: Remote sensing
Controlled terms: Classification (of information) - Identification (control systems) - Image resolution - Pixels - Support vector machines - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms: Object oriented - Object oriented approach - Satellite remote sensing - Shrub encroachments - Spectral characteristics - Supervised classification - Support vector machine algorithm - Typical steppe
Classification code: 405.3 Surveying - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 742 Cameras and Photography - 742.2 Photographic Equipment
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.11.019
Database: Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Data Provider: Engineering Village
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 

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