<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20142117745103
Title:Development in hydrotreating process of bio-oil
Authors:Li, Yanbin (1); Xu, Ying (1); Ma, Longlong (1); Chen, Guanyi (2); Wang, Tiejun (1); Zhang, Qi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (2) Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Lab of international Combustion Engine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Corresponding author:Ma, L.(mall@ms.giec.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:183-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper reviews catalytic the hydrotreatment upgrading technology of biomass-derived oil. It provides an overview of the reaction mechanism and the condition of the operation, then summarizes the process of bio-oil hydrogenation at home and abroad. Detailed comparison of various technological processes such as multi-stage hydrogenation, hydrogenation-esterification, in-situ hydrogenation, etc. are made. Multi-stage hydrogenation, which separates the hydroprocessing into two stages (mild hydrotreating and deep hydrotreating), can improve the selectivity of products, moreover avoiding an economic penalty by using less hydrogen. Hydrogenation-esterification combines hydrogenation and esterfication to establish a new upgrading method. Through the method, unstable compounds of biomass-derived oil can be converted more effectively. In-situ hydrogenation, which leads to reducing the cost and enhancing the safety, uses other reagents as resources of hydrogen, simultaneously generating hydrogen and hydrotreating in one reaction system to replace transporting hydrogen from outside. The reasonable optimization of the process routes benefits improving product quality. Research in this area is expected to become a main research direction for bio-oil hydrotreatment. Experimental data were collected about various model compounds including cresol, phenol, guaiacol, acetone, aldehyde, etc. and bio-oil from the literature in the field of this study. Also, a test is reviewed about a range of catalysts including the conventional and novel types of supported noble metal and transition metal catalytic materials and their performance in bio-oil hydroprocessing. Conventional catalysts, such as NiMo and CoMo, have economic advantages; the reaction using noble metal catalysts have better reactivity; amorphous catalysts have both advantages of these two types of catalysts, but amorphous catalysts have terrible thermal stability, and can only be used below 473 K; then, zeolite catalysts and mesoporous catalysts exhibit magnificent effects on reducing oxygen content and moisture content in bio-oil, but still can't avoid coking in the reaction. Unfortunately, researchers have not found any catalyst's hydrothermal stability good enough to improve the effect of reaction continuously (more than seven days), Deactivation and coking of catalysts are still main problems. Obviously, further study is required to prepare these catalysts which have better durability. Finally, this article gives information about the problems which researchers may meet, including equipment plugging, catalyst deactivation, and high operation costs etc., and predicts that the future research directions of this technology is to optimize the hydrogenation process, and to develop new types of composite catalysts which exhibit excellent activity at low temperature and anti-coking performance. The technology development is still on the way but can play a significant role in supplying increasingly expensive petroleum.
Number of references:67
Main heading:Catalyst deactivation
Controlled terms:Acetone - Biofuels - Biomass - Catalyst activity - Catalysts - Esterification - Esters - Fueling - Hydrocracking - Hydrogen  - Hydrogenation - Optimization - Precious metals - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Bio oil - Hydrogenation-esterification - Hydroprocessing - In-situ hydrogenation - Multi-stage
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 547.1 Precious Metals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20142117745084
Title:Simulation and prediction on fluid-gas circulation characteristics of torque limited hydrodynamic coupling
Authors:Lu, Xiuquan (1); Ma, Wenxing (1); Li, Xuesong (2); Wu, Yueshi (1); Xu, Wen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Corresponding author:Lu, X.(xiuquan@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:27-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the hydraulic transmission components, torque limited hydrodynamic coupling regards fluid as the transmission medium, and its gas-liquid two-phase fluid in the chamber works in a complex circulation spiral motion. With the difference of working condition in different filled ratio and speed ratio, gas-liquid two-phase flow presents the different characteristics of combination and distribution law, and it influences the external output performance parameters of the coupling for this reason. Torque limited hydrodynamic coupling's torque limiting function is mainly through the work of changing gas-liquid two phase flows to split the fluid in the working chamber to the front auxiliary oil chamber while the coupling overloads. It is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model to describe it due to the complexity of its internal gas-liquid two-phase flow. In engineering it is usually through adjusting the flow channel structure parameters repeatedly in the way of the combination of experience design and performance test to meet certain overload and delay start matching requirements, but it is lack of quantitative basis theoretical guidance in design process. In this paper, the three-dimensional transient gas-liquid two-phase flow of torque limited hydrodynamic coupling can be carried on numerical simulation in the way of CFD, and focused on forecasting and analyzing its characteristics of the gas-liquid two-phase flow and its ability of overloading. The torque limited hydrodynamic coupling with front auxiliary oil chamber can be treated as analysis model and its cycle diameter is 200 mm. The high-quality full flow channel model was built by using hexahedral structured mesh, and the sliding mesh method was established for solving the transient flow field. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was used, along with realizable k-&Epsilon; model on the turbulence model and second-order upwind scheme for solving the momentum and kinetic energy equation, and PISO algorithm was used for pressure and velocity coupling. Finally the numerical simulation can be calculated to analyzing the gas-liquid circulation at different working conditions such as i=0.96, i=0.6 and i=0 when the filled ratio at q=40%, q=60% and q=80%. The results of the numerical simulation show the process clearly that the distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase flow varies with load increasing. By comparing with flow field test results which were acquired by installing the plane array sensor on the pressure surface and suction surface of pump blades, it verified the effectiveness of the emulation algorithms and the calculation results. The research provides a numerical calculation method to forecast the torque dropping condition and estimate the overload capacity of the torque limited hydrodynamic coupling, and provides a theoretical reference for advising the parameters design of the flow channel structure qualitatively and quantitatively.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Liquids
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Channel flow - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Flow fields - Forecasting - Gases - Hydrodynamics - Kinetics - Models  - Numerical models - Torque - Turbulence models - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Fluid-gas distribution - Gas-liquid two-phase flow - Hydrodynamic coupling - Numerical calculation methods - Transient flow fields - Transmission components - Volume of fluid model - Volume of fluids
Classification code:631 Fluid Flow - 723.5 Computer Applications - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20142117745110
Title:Identification of foreign fibers of seed cotton using hyper-spectral images based on minimum noise fraction
Authors:Wei, Xinhua (1); Wu, Shu (1); Xu, Laiqi (1); Shen, Baoguo (2); Li, Meijin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Zhenjiang College of Jiangsu Union Technical Institute, Zhenjiang 212016, China
Corresponding author:Wei, X.(wei_xh@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:243-248
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the recognition accuracy of seed cotton foreign fibers, the identification method in hyper-spectral images based on minimum noise fraction (MNF) was proposed and applied to feature extraction to reduce the dimension of multispectral images. This method can reduce the numbers of hyper-spectral data, and made the images noise reduce to the minimum and also reduce the computational requirements for subsequent processing. This paper selected white foreign fibers and cotton, which were in small discrimination, as the research object with 512 bands in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. The spectral subset was selected according to the spectral curve, and then reducing dimension and denoising by using analysis method of MNF. The best component image was selected from the first four component images of MNF transformation by manual visual evaluation. The methods of image processing including median filtering, gray change method and so on were used to determine the best image segmentation and then extract the different fibers. Experimental results show that, for more than 5 kinds of different fibers, the recognition rate of the method reached up to 91.0%.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Cotton - Error detection - Feature extraction - Fibers - Median filters - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Computational requirements - Dimensionality reduction - Foreign materials - Hyper-spectral images - Hyperspectral Imaging - Identification method - Minimum noise fraction - Multispectral images
Classification code:716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 801 Chemistry - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 819.1 Natural Fibers
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20142117745088
Title:Achievements in modeling of energy requirements for tillage tool
Authors:Bashar, Mehrez (1); Yang, Zhou (1); Li, Jun (1); Wang, Liang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Z.(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:58-65
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modeling of tillage tool energy requirement has been carried out since 1960s. In recent years, the development of more powerful computers and more sophisticated computer models and software have dramatically increased our ability to modeling and predict the performance and power requirements of tillage tools in various kinds of tillage operations, such as soil movement by tillage tool, soil failure profile and crop residual managements and manure injections, etc. Variety of mathematical models have been developed using analytical, numerical and empirical approaches. This paper attempts to provide a clear overview of these models and summarize the studies have been carried out in the area of modeling energy requirement of tillage tools. Furthermore, the paper gives the descriptions and characteristics of these models validations and suitable cases of applications.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Compaction - Mathematical models - Models
Uncontrolled terms:AS-soils - Computer models - Empirical approach - Energy requirements - Power requirement - Residual management - Soil failure - Tillage tools
Classification code:536.1 Powder Metallurgy Operations - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20142117745102
Title:Model predictive control of temperature and humidity of artificial climate chest based on neuro dynamical optimization
Authors:Peng, Fei (1); Peng, Yonggang (2); Wei, Wei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Information and Electronic, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China; (2) College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Corresponding author:Peng, Y.(pengyg@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:176-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Because an artificial climate chest can provide an artificial climate environment, it is widely used in biological, chemical, and agricultural science experiments. The key technology of an artificial climate chest is the accurate control of temperature and humidity. Because of a time delay character and the coupling of temperature and humidity in an artificial climate chest, it is difficult to accurately control the temperature and humidity of an artificial climate chest. Normally, Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) and a fuzzy control method were used to control the temperature and humidity of an artificial climate chest, but the control accuracy and response speed were not satisfactory. In this paper, model predictive control (MPC) was used to control the temperature and humidity of an artificial climate chest. Online optimization is one of key problems of MPC. The temperature and humidity object of an artificial climate chest is an object with two inputs and two outputs, and the object has the characteristics of time delay and coupling. Based on the model of the temperature and humidity of an artificial climate chest, the MPC method and optimization model of an input delay object were derived. First, the temperature and humidity object of an artificial climate chest were described in state equations form. Secondly, an optimization problem in the MPC of an artificial climate chest was proposed. Thirdly, the optimization problem of the input delay object was transformed and depicted as a quadratic programming problem (QP). Then the neurodynamical optimization was used as an online optimizer of MPC and a MPC method based on neurodynamical optimization was obtained. The neurodynamical optimization is an optimization method that incorporates an artificial neural network and dynamical system technology. Because of the inherent nature of parallel and distributed information processing in neural networks, the convergence rate of the solution process was not decreasing as the size of the problem increased. Moreover, neural networks can be implemented physically in designated hardware such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) where optimization is carried out in a truly parallel and distributed manner. So, neural networks are widely used in dynamical optimization problems. In section four, simulation experiments were taken using the proposed MPC method based on the neurodynamical optimization method and the PID control method. Simulation results showed that this method had smaller overshoot and higher control accuracy than the PID method. Moreover, this method can be used in other linear and nonlinear systems.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Optimization
Controlled terms:Application specific integrated circuits - Atmospheric humidity - Concrete beams and girders - Control - Data processing - Delay control systems - Dynamical systems - Equations of state - Experiments - Fuzzy control  - Humidity control - Model predictive control - Neural networks - Predictive control systems - Quadratic programming - Temperature - Temperature control - Three term control systems - Time delay
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial climate - Artificial climate environments - Dynamical optimization problem - Linear and nonlinear systems - Parallel and distributed information processing - Proportion integration differentiations - Quadratic programming problems - Temperature and humidities
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 412 Concrete - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 713 Electronic Circuits - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732 Control Devices - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20142117745109
Title:Identification of soybean seed varieties based on hyperspectral image
Authors:Tan, Kezhu (1); Chai, Yuhua (1); Song, Weixian (1); Cao, Xiaoda (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Chai, Y.(yhchai@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:235-242
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Different soybean seed varieties have different components (oil, protein, fat etc.) content. Identification of soybean seed varieties is a critical factor that improves the quality of produced soybean. In this study, hyperspectral image technique was applied in order to classify soybean seeds based on their varieties. The spectral reflectance data was collected using the optical sensor system with spectral region of 1000-2500 nm. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reduce the dimensionality of the data and remove the redundancy. Scores of four PCs were used as input features in the classification algorithm. Four texture feature parameters (angular second moment, energy, entropy and correlation) were extracted from each feature image selected by PCA. For the extraction of specific features, four significant feature parameters were computed from the 16 characteristic variables. Artificial neural network (ANN) classifier was employed for classification using top selected features. The obtained average training accuracy rate was 97.50% and the average testing accuracy rate was 93.88%. Thus, the results confirmed that hyperspectral image technique in-conjunction with BP neural network could be useful for soybean seed varieties classification.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Identification (control systems) - Neural networks - Principal component analysis - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:BP neural networks - Hyper-spectral images - Imaging processing - Soybean seeds - Textural feature
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 801 Chemistry - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20142117745086
Title:Influence of exhaust temperature and catalytic substrate properties on diesel exhaust
Authors:Chen, Zhaohui (1); Zhang, Wei (1); Chen, Guisheng (1); Shen, Yinggang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Z.(chenzhaohuiok@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:42-49
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The influence of different temperatures and CDPF (catalyzed diesel particulate filter) substrate properties on NOx reduction and PM oxidation were studied by catalytic experiments, engine bench tests and simulation. From activity evaluation and characterization tests, it was found that owing to the higher mobility of lattice oxygen and the maximum concentrations of oxygen vacancies, La<inf>2</inf>Cu<inf>0.7</inf>Fe<inf>0.3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> showed a relatively better catalytic performance between 300&deg;C to 500&deg;C. The NO conversion efficiency on SiC (Silicon carbide) substrate was better than that on cordierite substrate from 350&deg;C to 500&deg;C under simulated diesel emission conditions. The engine bench test results showed that NOx conversion efficiency increased from 340&deg;C to 528&deg;C. Due to higher porosity and stronger thermal diffusion characteristics, the soot oxidation rate and NOx conversion rate on SiC substrate CDPF is better than that on cordierite substrate, under condition of 75% and 90% loads of engine at 1600 r/min. From simulation researches, CDPF with higher cell density and specific surface-area cell resulted in lower internal mass-transfer resistances, and higher mass-transfer coefficients, which yielded better soot and NOx reduction performances.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Catalytic oxidation - Conversion efficiency - Diesel engines - Mass transfer - Nitrogen oxides - Silicate minerals - Silicon carbide - Soot - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Catalytic - Diesel - Exhaust - NOx - Substrate properties
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 482.2 Minerals - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 801 Chemistry - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20142117745094
Title:Assessment of agricultural productive efficiency for Hetao Irrigation District based on data envelopment analysis
Authors:Liu, Jing (1); Wu, Pute (1); Wang, Yubao (2); Zhao, Xining (2); Cao, Xinchun (2); Sun, Shikun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Yangling 712100, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wu, P.(gjzwpt@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:110-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The assessment of agricultural production efficiency of Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia, an important agricultural production area of China, is of great significance in guaranteeing national food security. Much attention has been paid to blue water (surface and groundwater), while the use of green water (rainwater insofar as it does not become run-off) is rarely included in the agricultural production analysis. Compared to blue water, the cost of green water is less, but its environmental impact is concerned. Consequently, this paper analyzed agricultural productive efficiency of five counties in the Hetao irrigation district during 2000-2008 using data envelopment analysis (DEA) by considering blue water, green water, and other indicators. First, the technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and scale efficiency were analyzed combining CCR-I and BCC-I models and then some suggestions about how to adjust the amount of input resources were provided for ineffective decision making units (DMU). Results show that: among the 45 DMUs, there were 24 DMUs that were DEA-effective. The values of technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and scale efficiency of five counties during the period of 2005-2008 were greater than those during the period of 2000-2004. The differences of technology efficiency in different counties were not significant and the value for Qianqi (0.878) was smaller than the other four counties, which were larger than 0.9. The agricultural productivity efficiency of Qianqi was mainly influenced by production scale and it was the application of technology for Hanghou and Wuyuan. In order to be DEA-effective, the inputs of 21 DMUs should be decreased and the decreasing proportions were 16.66% (blue water), 22.23% (green water), 19.46% (irrigation areas with salinization problem), 20.66% (irrigation areas without salinization problem) and 23.82% (agricultural population). The use of different resources was inefficient and would have an adverse effect on the development of the irrigation district. To some extent, the redundancy of water and land resources in agricultural production may be related to the characteristics of green water. The rainfall in the Hetao irrigation district was uneven both temporally and spatially. Local farmers would increase the use of blue water and land resources when they were not sure about the amount of green water that the crops could use to achieve a better harvest. As a result, the use efficiency of blue water and land resources would decrease when the grain production was lower than the expectation value, which was mainly caused by the litter rainfall. The use efficiency of green water would decrease when the expectation green water was larger than actual value. In the future, the rational distribution of labor among agricultural production and other industries would be helpful in achieving a more effective agricultural production pattern for the Hetao irrigation district. Besides, the improvements of irrigation frustration and land resources management were also needed for the Hetao irrigation district. Hift of cropping pattern to crops with lower irrigation water input and higher output would also be suggested considering the difficulty in decreasing the redundancy for green water. This study could provide some suggestions for the efficient agricultural production in the Hetao irrigation district and the improvement of the agricultural production system in other irrigation districts.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Crops - Data envelopment analysis - Decision making - Efficiency - Environmental impact - Food supply - Groundwater - Natural resources - Rain - Redundancy  - Technology - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural production system - Agricultural productions - Agricultural productivity - Decision making unit - Hetao irrigation districts - Irrigation districts - Productive efficiencies - Technology efficiency
Classification code:404.2 Civil Defense - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 501 Exploration and Prospecting - 512 Petroleum and Related Deposits - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901 Engineering Profession - 903 Information Science - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914 Safety Engineering - 922 Statistical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20142117745083
Title:Compliance grasp force control for end-effector of fruit-vegetable picking robot
Authors:Ji, Wei (1); Luo, Dawei (1); Li, Junle (1); Yang, Jun (2); Zhao, Dean (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (3) Key Lab. of Facility Agric. Measurement and Control Technol. and Equipment of Machinery Industry, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Ji, W.(jwhxb@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:19-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to minimize the harm due to robot end-effector grasp fruits and vegetables, a generalized proportional integral (GPI) output feedback control scheme is proposed in this paper. First, the study object is the end-effector with two fingers that mounted on the top of a rigid manipulator, force sensors are mounted at the root of the finger, the output force signal was obtained by a force sensor, treating the model of the end-effector as a particle model and gravity does not affect the dynamics of end-effector, so the effect of gravity can be disregarded in the modeling. The modeling of the motor and the end-effector respectively and combining them together, the integrated model of end-effector is obtained, the mathematical relationship between the motor input voltage, and the load torque is also obtained. Then, the designed integral reconstructor, taking ramp error into consideration, the system gains robust characteristics to the ramp error that consists of force tracking error and constant disturbance, the integral reconstructor does not change the characteristic of the closed-loop. The computation of time derivatives can cause many common problems, such as a noisy signal, output delays, etc. In order to avoid these problems, making full use of integral reconstructor to design GPI force feedback controller, the force deviation converted to the input voltage control of the motor, this way needn't to derivate torque tracking error, so avoiding system time-delay and noise problem results from derivation. Making use of simulation software of MATLAB, taking sine signal and ramp signal as reference forces respectively, the force trajectory tracking error and the force output are analysed, the simulation result shows that the unit of force tracking error is 10^-3, the real output force trajectory is close to the reference force trajectory, only having a little disturbance in the beginning, the output force trajectory reach a steady tracking status within 1 s, then the real output force trajectory smoothly tracks the reference force trajectory. Simulation results show that the GPI torque control has good torque tracking capability, which can decrease the damage of fruits and vegetables caused by end-effector grasping, and it is suitable for compliance grasp control of fruit-vegetable. Generalized proportional integral controller was applied to a fruit-picking robot to grasp apples and pears, after several the experiment of grasping fruits, the experimental results indicated that the method has a good performance and the fruit-picking robot can grasp and release fruit steadily and harmlessly. The ratio of successful grasping is 90%. Comparing with the situation that adopted traditional proportional integral control, the damage of fruits and vegetables caused by the end-effector grasping is reduced, fulfilling the demand of fruit picking. The research can provide a reference for the nondestructive picking of fruit-vegetable picking robot.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Compliance control - Computer simulation - Computer software - Control systems - Delay control systems - Feedback control - MATLAB - Models - Noise pollution - Robots  - Robust control - Sensors - Torque - Trajectories - Two term control systems - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Constant disturbances - Mathematical relationship - Output feedback controls - Proportional integral - Proportional integral controllers - Proportional-integral control - Robust characteristic - Trajectory tracking errors
Classification code:404.1 Military Engineering - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 461.7 Health Care - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20142117745111
Title:Nondestructive detecting cracks of preserved eggshell using polarization technology and cluster analysis
Authors:Wang, Fang (1); Wen, Youxian (2); Tan, Zuojun (1); Cheng, Fei (3); Wei, Wei (1); Li, Zhi (1); Yi, Weisong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China; (2) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China; (3) Computer School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Corresponding author:Wen, Y.(wenyouxian@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:249-255
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pickled egg had lots of beige spots and some large black spots on its eggshell, so it is difficult to detect cracks on the preserved eggshell. A polarization optical system was designed to obtain images, and the system was tested by the Malus law. Polarization optical system was used to acquire images on different polarization angles, including 0, 45&deg;, -45&deg;and 90&deg;, and then the Stokes images and polarization images were processed by image fusion technique with the Stokes Formula. According to different depolarization mechanisms for black spots and cracks on preserved eggshell, it can distinguish black spots and cracks on the polarization image. The most connected area of high gray value was taken as the center to cut an image about 100&times;100 pixel area. Four characteristic parameters were extracted to distinguish the cracks on preserved eggshell, including the length of the crack, mean variance ratio, skewness and kurtosis. We put forward 4 characteristic parameters and use the cluster analysis to detect cracks. Info-Kmeans clustering algorithm was used in this study, and the clustering of high-dimensional sparse data were extracted from the images. The results showed that all preserved eggs were classified into intact and cracked groups, and the accuracy rate was 93%. In this experiment, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 88.3%, the detection rate of intact preserved egg was 100%. The validation experimental result showed that the accuracy was 94%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 88.3%. Results showed that the model could distinguished intact and cracked preserved eggs efficiently, and it was great potential to detect cracks on product lines.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Crack detection
Controlled terms:Cluster analysis - Clustering algorithms - Cracks - Depolarization - Higher order statistics - Image fusion - Image processing - Nondestructive examination - Optical systems - Polarization
Uncontrolled terms:Detection rates - High-dimensional - Image fusion techniques - Polarization angle - Polarization images - Preserved egg - Sensitivity and specificity - Stokes vector
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 461.9 Biology - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20142117745116
Title:Preparation of blue pigment extract from pickled garlic and its physio-chemical properties
Authors:Zhao, Xiaodan (1); Li, Xing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; (2) College of Forestry, Northeast Forest University, Harbin 150040, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, X.(zhaoxiaodan@btbu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:287-292
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The greening compounds in garlic are of great importance to both industry and academic research. In this study, the blue pigment extract in greening garlic has been prepared and its physio-chemical properties and scavenging activities towards DPPH radicals, superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals have been investigated. The blue pigments in Laba garlic were extracted and separated by chromatography with Amberlite CG-50 and Sephadex LH-20, and the blue pigment extract (BPE) was obtained. Color value of BPE was elevated to 76.7 compared to 10.7 that of the raw extract without any purification. BPE was stable in acidic conditions, but sensitive to illumination. Low-temperature heating (lower than 60&deg;C) had little effect on the stability of BPE. Metal ions such as Cu², Zn², Al³, Fe² had little effect on the pigment stability, but Fe³ caused obvious color loss. The BPE displayed concentration-dependent inhibition of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and also exhibited scavenging activities against hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals by electron spin resonance essay. BPE can scavenge DPPH by 96.4% at 2 mg/mL, while the scavenging rate of ascorbic acid was 97.1%. For hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, the scavenging ability of BPE at 10 mg/mL was 96.8% and 87.6%, lower than ascorbic acid. The blue pigments in greening garlic were stable in acidic condition or by low-temperature heating; it also showed great potentials in possessing antioxidant activities.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Chromatography
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Ascorbic acid - Chemical properties - Convergence of numerical methods - Copper - Extraction - Ion exchange - Iron compounds - Metal ions - Oxygen  - Physical properties - Scavenging - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:1 ,1Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals - Anti-oxidant activities - Blue pigment - Concentration-dependent - Hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals - Physio-chemical properties - Pickled garlic - Superoxide anion radicals
Classification code:423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 533 Ore Treatment and Metal Refining - 544.1 Copper - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20142117745090
Title:Research on field-scale spatial variability of soil infiltration characteristics
Authors:Nie, Weibo (1); Wu, Shiliang (2); Ma, Xiaoyi (2); Fei, Liangjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Nie, W.(nwbo2000@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:76-83
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil water infiltration characteristics is one of the important factors for estimating the infiltration parameters at field scales. Based on the double-ring infiltration experiments conducted in typical fields of the first terrace (Sandy loam) and the third terrace (Clay loam) in Yangling District, Shaanxi Province, China, the spatial variability of soil infiltration characteristics under different soil textures were studied at field scales. The objectives of this paper are to apply the normalization method for modified Kostiakov function, to analyze the fractal characteristics of normalization factors under single scale and multi scales, and finally, to develop the Pedo-transfer function for estimating the normalization factors. The results show that the normalization method is feasible for modified Kostiakov function, which has high accuracy in predicting the infiltration process of every soil infiltration experiment spot. The correlation coefficients between the predicted values of the cumulative infiltration and the measured values of all the experimental spots in the first terrace and third terrace are 0.9759 and 0.9576, the errors of the root mean square are 2.795 cm and 1.266 cm, and the mean absolute values of relative error are 10.58% and 9.26%, respectively. Under the single scale, the semi-variance functions of the normalization factors in first terrace and third terrace are shown to be the spherical model, the spatial variance is mainly caused by the structural elements, and the fractal dimensions are 1.796 and 1.840 respectively. The results show that the uniformity of spatial variance of the soil infiltration characteristic in the third terrace is higher than that of the first terrace. During the multi-scale analysis, the spatial variation of the normalization factors in the first terrace are greatly influenced by silt particle, sand particle, and soil bulk density, and the normalization factors in the third terrace are greatly influenced with clay particle, silt particle, sand particle, and soil initial moisture content (0.01 level of significance). The Pedo-transfer function for estimating the normalization factors is accurate and reliable, and the measured and the estimated values of the normalization factors of the verification samples in the first terrace and the third terrace are in good agreement with each other, the mean absolute value of relative error are 13.15% and 9.95%, respectively. The research results of this paper could be used to convert point-based soil infiltration measurements to regional scale.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Estimation - Experiments - Fractal dimension - Fractals - Silt - Soil moisture - Soils - Transfer functions
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Cumulative infiltrations - Infiltration parameters - Initial Moisture Content - Kostiakov equations - Normalization - Pedo-transfer functions - Spatial variations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20142117745099
Title:Decision tree classification based on fitted phenology parameters from remotely sensed vegetation data
Authors:Kang, Jun (1); Hou, Xuehui (1); Niu, Zheng (1); Gao, Shuai (1); Jia, Kun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; (3) College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Z.(niuz@irsa.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:148-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Phenology refers to periodic plant life cycle events influenced by climate and other environmental factors, such as sprouting, flowering, fruiting and leaves falling, etc. Different vegetation types have distinct growth characteristics, and phenology can be a good representative parameter to classify vegetation types. Phonological parametric analysis is mainly used to find out significant changes in specific time points and extract corresponding characteristic VI values, by analyzing a time-series vegetation index, e.g., start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), length of season (LOS), max of EVI (MOE) and amplitude of EVI (AOE). These key phenology parameters can be used to classify vegetation types. Eerguna and Genhe in Hulunbeier city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as the study area. A double logistic function fitting method was used to smooth the time series MODIS-EVI data. The time range was from the summer of 2011 (DOY=209) to the summer of 2013 (DOY=193), and the total number of images was 46. Then, 100 points of each land cover type (grass, forest, crops, other non-vegetation) were chosen as classification samples. Five key phenological parameters mentioned above were extracted and used to build the decision tree classifier. The overall classification accuracy of the results reached to 73.67%. The results show that vegetation in Hulunbeier northern region had obvious unique features. The season of forest started earliest (145-160 days, DOY, hereinafter), and ended quiet early (250-275 days); the season of grass started slightly later than forest (160-170 days), but the length of season was similar to forest, both were from 90 to 120 days. The season of crops started late and ended early, so the season of crops was short and concentrated, the length of the samples was from 60 to 90 days. The classification achieved better results than MODIS land cover products (66.08%). Except for grass' user accuracy being a little lower, producer accuracy and user accuracy of the 4 kinds of land cover types reached to 79%. The phonological information extracted in this paper had a high consistency with existing research results; it is shown that monitoring phenology based on time-series EVI data was reliable. This research can provide a reference to ecological environment evaluation and agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry production activities in the Hulunbeier northern region.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Biology - Classification (of information) - Crops - Data mining - Decision trees - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Speech - Time series - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Decision tree classification - Decision tree classifiers - Ecological environment evaluations - Inner Mongolia autonomous regions - Logistic functions - MODIS - Phenology
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.3 Database Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 751.5 Speech - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20142117745115
Title:Antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products derived from xylose and ctenopharyngodon idellus peptide
Authors:Zhao, Mouming (1); Liu, Yang (1); Zhang, Jia'nan (1); Wu, Changping (1); Su, Guowan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Corresponding author:Su, G.(fegwsu@scut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:279-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Oxidative deterioration of oil and protein is a common problem in the food industry, which led to trending studies of safe antioxidants with strong antioxidant activity. Ctenopharyngodon Idellus is a commercial fish, which is rich in proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and is widely distributed in fresh-water throughout China,. In recent years, the Ctenopharyngodon Idellus was prepared as condiment or nourishment, however, further studies are limited. In this study, Ctenopharyngodon Idellus was hydrolyzed by three proteases (papain, PTN6.0, and Alcalase2.4 L), and the hydrolysate was isolated at two fractions of molecular weight above and below 5 kD by ultrafiltration. The fraction below 5 kD (Ctenopharyngodon Idellus peptide) was heated with or without xylose at 100&deg;C for different times (30 min to 240 min). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, UV absorption, and volatile components of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and thermal degradation products (TDPs) with different reaction times were evaluated, respectively. This study focuses on the effects of Maillard reaction on the antioxidant activity and the volatile components from Ctenopharyngodon Idellus peptide and its derivatives. The correlation between reaction products, volatile components, and their antioxidant activity were also analyzed. Results revealed that the browning intensity and UV absorption of the intermediate products of MRPs were much higher than those of TDPs. Antioxidant activity of MRPs increased with increasing heat time, while TDPs had no obvious change. In addition, MRPs showed better antioxidant activity. Reducing power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of MRPs for 240 min was 17.77 and 3.32 times than those untreated. 51 kinds of volatile compounds were separated and identified from MRPs; among them, pyrazines, furans, pyrroles, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols had relatively high concentration. Whereas, aldehydes were the largest content of volatile compounds in TDPs (above 80 percent), little furan, ketones, and alcohols were also observed. In summary, the antioxidant activity of Ctenopharyngodon Idellus peptide could be increased obviously by Maillard reaction. There was significant correlation (P &gt; 0.95) between Maillard reaction products and antioxidant activity. Thus, MRPs of peptide from enzymatic hydrolysis can be used as a new type of natural antioxidant.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Glycosylation
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Antioxidants - Aromatic compounds - Degradation - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Enzymes - Ketones - Light absorption - Oils and fats - Organic pollutants  - Oxygen - Peptides - Polypeptides - Polyunsaturated fatty acids - Proteins - Pyrolysis - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Browning intensities - Degradation products - Intermediate product - Maillard reaction - Maillard reaction products - Oxygen radical absorbance capacities - Volatile components
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20142117745106
Title:Method of cultivated land landscape ecological security evaluation and its application
Authors:Pei, Huan (1); Wei, Yong (2); Wang, Xiaoyan (1); Qin, Zhihao (3); Hou, Chunliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (2) Liren College of Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (3) Institute of Agro-Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Z.(qinzh@caas.net.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:212-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ecological security is very important for regional development and society stability, and it has become a hot topic currently. The concept of ecological security can be understood from two aspects, namely the broader sense and the narrower sense. In a broader sense, ecological security includes natural, economic, and social ecological security, while in a narrow sense, it means the security of natural and half natural ecological system, including ecological system and environment security. As special public resources, the quantity and quality of cultivated land are closely related to national food security and social stability, and has great significance in the maintenance of national security. In this study, taking the cultivated land in eastern low hills and coastal region of Qinhuangdao, China as the research area, a cultivated land landscape ecological security evaluation model was built based on the principles of landscape ecology and ecological security. The model contained five landscape pattern indexes including fragmentation, isolation, fractal dimension and shape factor, which could reflect production efficiency, stability and resilience of cultivated land. With three TM(ETM ) remote sensing images in 1990, 2000, and 2010 as well as GIS techniques, the landscape ecological security of cultivated land in the research area was comprehensively evaluated based on each town unit, and the evolution of landscape ecological security pattern and gravity center was analyzed using center of gravity method. At last, the driving factors of landscape ecological security evolution were discussed. The results showed that the landscape ecological security of cultivated land in the research area had been declining all the time with the value decreasing from 0.63 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2000. The fragmentation of cultivated land in low mountainous and hilly areas was more serious, so its landscape ecological security was lower than coastal area. The landscape ecological security was divided into three levels according to Natural Break grading result of three years includingIlevel when ecological security was equal or less than 0.3, IIlevel when ecological security was greater than 0.3 and equal or less than 0.65, and III level when ecological security was equal or greater than 0.65. In addition, this study demonstrated that the pattern of landscape ecological security changed obviously. From 1993 to 2000, the I level area had no noticeable change, but the II and III level area were converted to each another. From 2000 to 2010, theIand IIlevel area were expanded, which were converted from the III level area. In the past 20 years, the gravity center of landscape ecological security of cultivated land had transferred to the adjacent regions of Qinhuangdao city. It indicated that the landscape ecological security of coastal area had been increased obviously. The reduction of rainfall and runoff, with the rapid increase in economy and population, and governmental policy decision all had a profound effect on the landscape ecological security variation of cultivated land. This study applied landscape pattern index to describe the landscape structure of cultivated land in ecological security study. The studies on ecological security evaluation of cultivated land are conductive to protection of fragile ecological environment and local sustainable development of cultivated land resources.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Coastal zones - Economics - Food supply - Fractal dimension - Geographic information systems - Grading - Image reconstruction - Land use - Rain - Regional planning  - Research - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Center of gravity method - Cultivated lands - Driving factors - Ecological environments - Ecological security - Landscape pattern indices - Natural ecological system - Qinhuangdao
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 404.2 Civil Defense - 443.3 Precipitation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 723.3 Database Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20142117745081
Title:Analysis of spatial pattern of farmland and its impacting factors in coastal zone of Circum Bohai
Authors:Wu, Li (1); Hou, Xiyong (1); Xu, Xinliang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Yantai 264003, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (3) Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author:Hou, X.(xyhou@yic.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, coastal zone of Circum Bohai Sea Region which covers an area of approximately 170, 000 km² was selected as the study area. The spatial distribution characteristics of farmland of this study area were analyzed and the relationship between farmland distribution and natural, social or economic impacting factors was explored. Based on Landsat TM images acquired in 2009/2010, farmland distribution map was created through visual interpretation with auxiliary data in ArcGIS 9.3. Then farmland distribution map was overlaid with a lattice map to statistic area of farmland in each 5 km &times; 5 km lattice. Impacting factors of farmland consisted of elevation, slope, distance to nearest coastline, distance to nearest railway, distance to nearest road, distance to nearest residential area, distance to nearest river, average yearly precipitation, average yearly temperature and population density, which were compiled into raster format data with a spatial resolution of 5 km &times; 5 km and normalized between 0 and 1 in ArcGIS 9.3. As conventional statistical methods assumed that the data to be analyzed was statistically independent, it was inappropriate to use traditional statistical method to analyze spatial land use data which had a tendency to be dependent. In this study, ordinary least square linear regression model (OLS), spatial error model (SEM), spatial lag model (SLM) and geographically weighted regression model (GWR) were established from global and local perspectives. Several evaluation indexes were selected to assess the performance of those models. The results showed that: 1) Farmland was the main land use type, which occupied 53% of the whole study area. Positive spatial autocorrelation that decreased gradually with distance was detected in both farmland distribution and impacting factors; 2) Spatial autoregressive models and GWR had a better goodness-of-fit than conventional linear regression model. As to spatial autoregressive models, SEM performed better than SLM in this study, as was indicated by higher preudo R² value and maximum likelihood logarithm (LIK) value, and lower Akaike information criterion (AIC) value, Schwartz criterion (SC) value and residuals for the former model; 3) GWR could be used to explore spatial variation in the relations between cultivated land distribution and different impacts factors, providing more detailed information, while SEM could only explore the relations from a global view; 4) The SEM showed a positive correlation between farmland and elevation, slope, distance to the nearest roads, as well as a negative correlation between farmland and distance to nearest shoreline, distance to nearest railroad, distance to nearest settlements, average yearly temperature, average yearly precipitation from a global perspective; and 5) The GWR revealed both positive and negative correlations between farmland and impacting factors (expect for average yearly precipitation). Among the most sensitive factors affecting farmland distribution, average yearly temperature and average yearly precipitation were the main positive factors, while elevation, slope and distance to nearest residential area were the main negative factors.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Coastal zones - Geographic information systems - Housing - Land use - Light modulators - Linear regression - Population statistics - Railroads - Regression analysis - Rural areas  - Spatial distribution - Spatial variables measurement - Statistical methods
Uncontrolled terms:Auto regressive models - Bohai Sea - Farmland - Geographically weighted regression models - Linear regression models
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 681 Railway Plant and Structures - 682 Railroad Rolling Stock - 723.3 Database Systems - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20142117745104
Title:Influencing factors of on-line measurement of straw-coal blends using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors:He, Cheng (1); Yang, Zengling (1); Chen, Longjian (1); Huang, Guangqun (1); Liao, Na (2); Han, Lujia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Han, L.(hanlj@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:192-200
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the effect of conveyor speed (V) and spectrometer installation height (H) on on-line measurement of straw-coal blends using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 80 straw samples, 9 coal samples, 120 straw-coal blend samples with straw content from 70% to 99% (1% wt/wt increments) and 120 straw-coal blend samples with straw content from 1% to 30% (1% wt/wt increments) were prepared. Spectra were obtained using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Antaris Target FT-NIR spectrometer at V=300, 600, 1000, 1400 mm/s and H=50, 56, 59, 65 mm, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis method was used for qualitative analysis and partial least squares regression was used for quantitative analysis. The spectrometer installation height is suggested to be 50-65 mm and the conveyor speed less than 300 mm/s. This study can provide references for the methodological research and related equipment design of on-line qualitative and quantitative measurement of biomass-coal blends using NIRS.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Coal combustion
Controlled terms:Biomass - Coal - Combustion - Conveyors - Least squares approximations - Measurements - Near infrared spectroscopy - Spectrometers - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Installation heights - Linear discriminant analysis - Methodological research - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - On-line measurement - Partial least squares regression - Qualitative analysis - Quantitative measurement
Classification code:521.1 Fuel Combustion - 524 Solid Fuels - 692.1 Conveyors - 801 Chemistry - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20142117745101
Title:Interactive modeling method of outdoor trees based on sparse images
Authors:Hu, Shaojun (1); Geng, Nan (1); Zhang, Zhiyi (1); Yang, Pei (1); He, Dongjian (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:He, D.(hdj168@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:168-175
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The creation of realistic outdoor trees is a challenging problem in the area of modeling natural phenomenon because trees have complex geometric structures. Currently, there are two major methods to achieve this goal. One approach models trees from image sequences. This approach requires more than 16 images and wide view angles to reconstruct tree point clouds and camera pose, and the reconstruction process is not easily implemented for non-expert users because of some complex computer vision techniques. The other approach uses a laser range scanner to acquire a point cloud for modeling trees. However, we need expensive hardware to obtain the point cloud. Furthermore, the background segmentation, the hole filling and the registration process of a point cloud is very cumbersome. In this paper, we present a low cost interactive modeling method to reconstruct real-world trees from sparse images. Our method has the advantage of preserving the branch structures of real trees with few images and limited viewing angle. Based on two input photographs taken from different views with the coverage of 90 degrees and 4 to 7 in-between photographs, we developed an interactive editing system to extract the node positions, the thickness of branches and the tree hierarchy from the front view image. The interactive editing system consists of branch (or node) drawing and modifying, branch (or node) inserting and deleting, thickness modifying, Hermite spline interpolation and tree hierarchy reconstruction parts. Next, we chose main branches as references, and interactively matched the corresponding branches from the side view image by making use of the in-between images. Then, we adapted the node positions using the editing system to obtain the depth information for each branch. By combining the extracted two dimensional node positions and the thickness of branch from the front view and the depth information from the side view, we drew the three dimensional tree using generalized cylinders. However, the reconstructed tree model showed distortion where the branches in the distance appeared smaller and the branches at close range appeared larger compared with the branches in the photograph. It can be explained by the double perspective projection phenomenon where the real-world objects have been transformed twice through taking photographs and through perspective transformation in OpenGL. We propose a perspective calibration method to avoid the distortion of reconstructed tree models. Leaves are difficult to be identified from images even by the interactive method. Thus, we designed a leaf arrangement algorithm and added leaves to each branch according to leaf phyllotaxis. Finally, we demonstrated the realistic reconstruction of a variety of tree species including apple trees, cherry trees and maple trees. The number of nodes of the reconstructed trees ranges from 736 to 1250, and the average reconstruction time is around 80 minutes for a medium scale tree. The result showed that our method is effective to model real world trees having clear branches and sparse leaves.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Application programming interfaces (API) - Image reconstruction - Interactive computer graphics - Interpolation - Models - Photography - Three dimensional
Uncontrolled terms:Background segmentation - Complex geometric structure - Computer vision techniques - Interactive - Perspective projections - Perspective transformation - Sparse images - Trees
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 746 Imaging Techniques - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20142117745107
Title:Thermal energy structure of grain hot air drying and analytical method
Authors:Li, Changyou (1); Ma, Xingzao (1); Fang, Zhuangdong (1); Zhang, Ye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Li, C.(lichyx@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:220-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The impact to grain drying involves a number of factors, such as environmental factors, grain physical properties, and flow characteristics, as well as the processing technology and equipment geometry. The change of environmental conditions and physical property characteristics, and differences in processing technology, which makes the system energy loss, was a major difference in the quantity and quality. To essentially illustrate these differences, to improve the comparability of dryer performance test results, and to form objective and fair evaluation standards, the researchers investigated state parameters of grain drying systems and energy transfer by taking moisture migration as a certain amount of energy transfer. Based on the exergy analysis and thermodynamics, the thermal structure of grain drying and its transformation and transfer were analyzed. Using the induced air, the experiment was studied under the conditions of temperature was 26 to 35&deg;C, relative humidity was 40% to 55% of ambient air, and the initial temperature and dry basis moisture content of paddy was 36&deg;C and 38.6%, respectively. The results showed that the paddy temperature reduced 11&deg;C and the average drying rate was 1.2%/h in drying 2 hours. The paddy temperature picked up to 29&deg;C when the dry basis moisture content of paddy reduced to 17%. Another experiment was investigated on a 3100 kg circulating paddy dryer with hot air, which the air volume was 9556.645 kg/h and the ratio of drying and tempering is 1:3.2. The results showed that the unit gas consumption increased 3.8 times from 113.0 kg/kg to 546.4 kg/kg, the unit heat consumption increased 5.4 times from 2548.9 kJ/kg to 16352.7 kJ/kg, and the exhaust gas heat loss of drying chamber increased 3.9 times from 6.2% to 30.6%, when the dry basis moisture content of paddy decreased from 27.06% to 16.96%. The main reason that the average exhaust gas heat loss was higher, the average heat rate and exergy efficiency of drying chamber was lower, was the poor performance of the energy matching in drying process. The change of energy efficiency in dryer chamber was from -3.9% to 59.9%, which indicated that the energy consumption of grain drying not only had subjective exergy, but also contained objective exergy. This paper pointed out that the evaluation of drying process and dryer energy utilization efficiency could not just stay on the subjective thermal efficiency, and must consider the effect of objective energy. The result provided the reference for reasonably evaluating energy matching of drying system and dryer energy utilization efficiency, and forming a fair evaluation standard.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Dryers (equipment) - Energy efficiency - Energy transfer - Energy utilization - Environmental technology - Exergy - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Heat losses - Physical properties  - Temperature - Thermal energy - Thermodynamics
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical method - Average drying rates - Energy utilization efficiency - Environmental conditions - Environmental factors - Flow charac-teristics - Initial temperatures - Processing technologies
Classification code:452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 454 Environmental Engineering - 472 Ocean Engineering - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 642.1 Process Heating - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20142117745085
Title:Kinetics analysis of charged particles in two-dimensional Poiseuille flow field and solid-liquid separation experiment
Authors:Yan, Yinfa (1); Zhang, Shifu (3); Li, Fade (1); Zheng, Genhua (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electronic Engineering College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an 271018, China; (3) Ji'nan Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd., Ji'nan 250104, China; (4) Shandong Hengye Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, F.(lifade@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:35-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In a liquid-solid two-phase flow, small and low volume concentration of the solid particles make the uncontrollable movement in liquid phase flow field under the gravity, the Stokes drag force, the Saffman force, the pressure gradient force, the virtual mass force and so on. In order to control the law of the particle's motion, it is necessary to add the external controllable force to the liquid-solid two-phase flow field. Therefore, the particle's motion is changed by changing the value of the external force. In the vertical direction of the two-dimension Poiseuille flow field, a high-voltage electrostatic field was designed. That is to say, the controllable electrostatic field force was applied to the charged solid particles. In addition, the charged particle's kinematics model was established under the two-dimension Poiseuille flow and the high-voltage electrostatic field in the bounded viscous fluid field, then the movement law and the main conditions effecting the movement of the charged solid particle were analyzed. According to the charged particle's kinematics model in the multi-physics field coupling conditions, solid and liquid two-phase separators were designed in this paper. The folding-shaped dust collection media was installed on the separator at the direction of liquid phase flow, and 15 kV electrostatic was added to the positive and negative electrode of the separator. A particle separation experiment was conducted using this separator on L-HM32# used antiwear hydraulic oil provided by the Shandong Hengye Electromechanical Technology Company, and the used oil cleanliness level was NAS12. In the case of maintaining a constant liquid velocity, the hydraulic oil sample was taken once from the oil storage tank of the solid-liquid separator every three hours, and then the number of particles in the oil sample was measured respectively for the 2-5, 5-15, 15-25, 25-50, 50-100 &mu;m diameter particles using the AMF particle counter designed by the Markus Klotz Gmbh company. After working 12 hours, the number of 2-100 &mu;m particles were significantly reduced, the various size particles separation efficiency was about 95%, and the hydraulic oil cleanliness level reached NAS4. After working 24 hours, the number of 2-5 and 5-15 &mu;m particles in the oil were continuously reduced, but the purification effect was not obvious. On the contrary, the number of 15-100 &mu;m particles in the oil were increased slightly. Moreover, the largest increase in the number was the 50-100 &mu;m big particles. That is to say, the solid-liquid separation efficiency will decrease when the separator works more than 12 hours. The experiment illustrated that the movement law of the charged particles in two-dimensional Poiseuille flow field was effectively controlled. At the same time, the experiment achieved a highly efficient solid-liquid separation and sorting of solid particles, which improved the purification rate and recycling utilization rate of waste oil. By studying the kinetics law of the particles in the two-phase flow of the two-dimensional Poiseuille under the external force, a valuable reference is provided to recycling and reuse of the waste industrial oil, purification of the pollution water, and energy conservation.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Screening
Controlled terms:Charged particles - Electric fields - Experiments - Flow fields - Hydraulic fluids - Industry - Kinematics - Liquids - Mathematical models - Particle separators  - Purification - Separators - Turbulent flow - Two dimensional - Two phase flow - Viscosity - Viscous flow - Water conservation - Water pollution - Water recycling
Uncontrolled terms:High voltage electrostatic field - Liquid-solid two phase flow - Poiseuille flow - Poiseuille flow fields - Pressure gradient force - Solid-liquid separation - Solid-liquid separators - Viscous fluids
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 453 Water Pollution - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 932.1 High Energy Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20142117745082
Title:Design of drive system for series hybrid electric tractor
Authors:Xu, Liyou (1); Liu, Mengnan (1); Zhou, Zhili (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Z.(zzli@haust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:11-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aimed at the drawbacks of traditional tractors, such as complicated transmissions, inefficient transmission systems, heavy fuel consumption rates, and high exhaust gas emissions, the design method of the tractor's series hybrid electric drive systems was put forward by calculating its plough operation rated traction. A feasible formation was given and included design methods of the electric tractive motor, weight parameters, and prime energy systems, which consist of a diesel engine and a generator of the powerful tractor's hybrid electric drive systems. Transmission ratios of the series hybrid electric tractor drive systems were designed to follow with differences of working load rates under commonly used working conditions, while making sure of the efficiency and capacity of transmission systems. Its storage battery parameters were designed to fill the traction power requirement, which is from the changing load situation when the tractor worked under a light gear. The YTO-1804 wheeled tractor has been taken as the investigative object, its series hybrid electric drive systems have been designed by using the aforementioned method. Upon analysis of its tractive characteristics, the results conveyed that the installed tractor's working adaptability and tractive characteristics are better when it compared with the original tractor. Output of the electric motor is suitable with the requirements of a heavy load working circumstance. The curve portrayed that the relation between the traction force and the traction power of the installed tractor could cover the original tractor's working area. The installed tractor's transmission is more efficient and its structure is simpler. Combined with the relevant slippage test results to analyze the installed tractor's slippage situation, changes in slippage rate followed with changes in driving force are acceptable. Based on the analysis of the difference of equivalent fuel consumption rates between the two types of drive systems, the analysis of the relevant curve, the relevant status of the installed tractor were on the bottom of original tractor's curve. The result proved that the installed tractor has a better fuel economy. Continuously variable function can be reached under a definitional gear. When the tractor is on the working model or the driving model, the most important performance parameter has a wide regulation range. Based on plough operation, furrow plow number and the product of tilling depth value with specific resistance value was seen as an index of the tractor's working load, the result proved that the original tractor's common working area can be distinguished with the relevant gears setting intention, and it has higher efficiency when the load rate is higher. As well, the traction efficiency can be improved 2.98% on average. So, different working requirements of investigative objects can be reached well. The design method laid the foundation for the following study of the powerful tractor's series hybrid electric tractor drive systems.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Automobile testing
Controlled terms:Design - Diesel engines - Efficiency - Electric drives - Electric power supplies to apparatus - Electric power transmission - Fuel economy - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Equivalent fuel consumption - Hybrid electric drive system - Performance parameters - Series hev - Specific resistances - Tractive characteristics - Transmission ratios - Transmission systems
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663 Buses, Tractors and Trucks - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 715.2 Industrial Electronic Equipment - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20142117745089
Title:Optimization of irrigation scheduling under deficit irrigation with saline water for spring wheat based on SWAP model
Authors:Feng, Shaoyuan (1); Jiang, Jing (2); Huo, Zailin (3); Zhang, Chaobo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (3) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, J.(jiangjingtop@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:66-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Overexpansion of irrigation in the Shiyang River basin (102&deg;52'E, 37&deg;52'N) has produced negative effects such as decrease of fresh water resources, deterioration of water quality and increase in soil salinization. With the limit of the fresh water resource, saline ground water has to be widely used for wheat production, but at the same time, soil salinization should be avoided. In order to investigate the most applicable deficit irrigation schedule with saline water for spring wheat in the Shiyang River Basin, the agro-hydrological Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model was used to evaluate the effect of various irrigation schedule on water and salt balance in soil, crop yield and water use efficiency for the different hydrological years. An irrigation experiment was set up with water quantity of 375, 300 and 225 mm in combination with irrigation water salt concentrations of 0.7, 3, and 6 g /L in 2008 and 2009. In total, there were nine irrigation treatments. Experimental data in 2008 was used for SWAP model calibration while data in 2009 was used for the model validation. The validated SWAP model was then used to simulate soil water content, soil salt concentration and crop relative yield. Based on the meteorological data of 1951 to 2010, sufficient and deficit irrigation schedule for 25%, 50% and 75% hydrologic year was set up and simulated by use of the SWAP model. The simulated results indicated that appropriate deficit irrigation was beneficial for increasing crop yield, water use efficiency and decreasing soil salinity when saline water was used. However, the maximum yield and the corresponding irrigation water quantity in saline irrigation decreased with the increased of water salinity. The simulated results also indicated that the optimal irrigation schedule of spring wheat was 1) three times of irrigation were needed with the total irrigation water of 332 mm for three water qualities of 0.7, 3 and 6 g salt/L at the hydrologic years of 25%; 2) three times of irrigation were needed with the total amount of 328, 287 and 246 mm water for water salt concentrations of 0.7, 3 and 6 g /L, respectively at the hydrologic year of 50%; and 3) four times of irrigation were needed with the total amount of 440 and 396 mm water for 0.7 and 3 g salt/L water quality, and three times of irrigation with 352 mm water for water quality of 6 g salt/L at the hydrologic year of 75%. Winter irrigation was suggested from this study for water storage and salt leaching in this area.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Digital storage - Economic geology - Groundwater - Irrigation - Meteorology - Models - Optimization - Runoff - Soil moisture  - Water quality - Water resources - Water supply - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Fresh water resources - Irrigation scheduling - Irrigation treatments - Meteorological data - Shiyang river basins - Simulation - Spring wheat - Water use efficiency
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20142117745093
Title:Design and test of wireless drip irrigation control in orchard with low-power
Authors:Yue, Xuejun (1); Liu, Yongxin (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Xu, Xing (1); Wang, Yefu (1); Yan, Yingwei (1); Quan, Dongping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) China Agriculture Research System, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:102-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, commercial electricity was not available in most mountain orchards. Therefore, low-power systems are required. On the other hand, strong demands for developing automatic irrigation systems also existed in those areas. It's also important to implement the central management strategy for those irrigation systems. Wireless networks could be helpful in transmitting soil moisture information and monitoring irrigation status. Taking advantage of wireless networks in the irrigation system for further implementation of a central control strategy is becoming a hot topic in irrigation engineering. This paper is aimed at providing a low-cost and low-power wireless irrigation solution for small-scale orchard growers to realize automatic time-control irrigation. The system was composed of several nodes, each node of hardware consisted of a MSP430F2132 micro controller, a short range RF transceiver (CC1100, Texas Instrument), an RS-232 interface for long distance communication module, an LCD (liquid crystal display, JLX12865-0086PC) module, a 9 V Battery module, a valve driving circuit and a soil moisture sensor (Decagon EC-5 or other) interface. Time synchronization communication protocol was designed for system nodes; therefore, the whole system could enter the sleep mode when there was no irrigation task. Furthermore, the WOR (wake on radio) feature of the RF module also helped to reduce power consumption of the nodes when the nodes were woken up for synchronization. The system power consumption test was performed under 9 V battery voltage; the quiescent current consumption is 400 &mu;A. While the WOR current consumption was 19 mA, the current consumption of the system was 439 &mu;A on average. Calculations also indicated that the charge of daily operating a pulse solenoid valve covers only a tiny portion in a whole node's daily charge. The battery discharge experiment in the conditioning of 100 mA const current revealed that the selected battery module could provide a charge of 400 mAh. In the test, output voltage dropped from 9 V to 5 V. According to the estimation, the system could run for at least 38 days without changing batteries. Communication tests in mountain orchards showed that the minimum packet loss rate when nodes were randomly distributed was 6.19%, the effective communication distance with 3 dBi antenna on each node reached 70m. The RSSI (received signal strength index) did not show a significant difference in the experimental orchard compared with open field RSSI experiment results, but the packet loss rate was much higher when in the deep orchard. The test of long distance communication module showed that the PLC (power line communication) Module (Zinwell PWQ-5101) had few chances to establish a successful data link while the GPRS and high power WiFi module held a stable data link between the remote monitoring terminal and the control system. The system was utilized for irrigation control, irrigation valves were turned on every day at 8:00 am, the collected soil moisture showed a rapid increase when valves were turned on and decreased slowly after irrigation valves were turned off, the time control error was less than 5 minutes and soil moisture rate was maintained above 13% during experiment periods. These tests proved that this system could be suitable for mountain orchards in southern China.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Control systems - Controllers - Experiments - Landforms - Liquid crystal displays - Microcontrollers - Orchards - Sensor nodes - Soil moisture - Space optics  - Testing - Wireless networks - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic irrigation systems - Drip irrigation - Effective communication - Irrigation engineerings - Long distance communication - Low-power dissipation - Power line communications - Received signal strength indices (RSSI)
Classification code:423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20142117745114
Title:Feasibility of extraction of oil from dehulled rapeseed cake using supercritical CO<inf>2</inf>
Authors:Wan, Chuyun (1); Hu, Shuangxi (2); Li, Wenlin (1); Deng, Qianchun (1); Huang, Fenghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (2) Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China
Corresponding author:Huang, F.(huangfh@oilcrops.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:272-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The double-low rapeseed contains &le;2% erucic acid in its oil and &le;35 &mu;mol/g of dry meal. The oil of double-low rapeseed contains very low levels of saturated fatty acids (6%), high levels of oleic acid (&ge;60%), and intermediate levels of linoleic and linolenic acids (20% and 10%, respectively). Because of its higher oil content and numerous agricultural advantages, double-low rapeseed is getting worldwide attention. The rapeseed oil, which was extracted by a traditional process with pre-press and solvent extraction, is of bad quality. Commercial hexane, which has been used as a solvent for crude edible oil extraction, has toxicological and environmental safety issues. Carbon dioxide in its supercritical state has properties and extraction capacities very similar to liquids. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is a new technique for oil extraction and is similar to conventional solvent extraction in that the material to be extracted is withdrawn from the substrate by using a solvent. In its supercritical state, carbon dioxide is the most commonly used supercritical solvent due to its nontoxicity, non-flammability, low cost, availability in bulk quantities, ease of removal from the extracted materials, and low critical temperature and pressure (31.06 &deg;C and 7.38 MPa, respectively). To improve the additional value of oils and meals obtained from the cold press cake of double-low dehulled rapeseed, supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> is used to extract double-low rapeseed oil and then the quality of the oil and meal obtained is studied. The affection of factors, which includes extraction pressure, temperature, and time effecting on oil yield, is investigated by Box-Behnken's response surface methodology. The model equation for predicting the optimum response values is established by Design Expert software. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was effectively verified by the validation. The experiment result indicates that affection of extraction pressure and time on oil yield are more significant than extraction temperature. The interaction between extraction pressure and time has a very significant affection on oil yield. The optimum operation parameters of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> extraction are: extraction temperature 40&deg;C, pressure 28 MPa, and time 120 min. In this optimal condition, the oil yield is 95.08% and is similar to the 95.30% predicted as maximum oil yield by the mathematical model under the condition of temperature 39.66&deg;C and pressure 27.50 MPa with extraction time 120 min. The supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> extraction of double-low rapeseed oil from dehulled cold press cake has a lighter color and better acid and peroxide value compared to n-hexane extraction. The phospholipid content of oil extracted with supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> is 0.051 mg/g, which is 1/32 of the n-hexane process, and the vitamin E and total phenolic content are 17.68 ug/g and 5.17 ug/mL respectively, which are both larger than the n-hexane extraction process. The meal of double-low rapeseed obtained from dehulled cold press cake with supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> extraction, which has a superior quality compared to the meal obtained by n-hexane extraction, has lower glucosinolate content, high protein solubility, and better color. These study results can help utilize cold press cake of dehulled double-low rapeseed for high-value purposes.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Hexane - Linoleic acid - Mathematical models - Oilseeds - Optimization - Phospholipids - Presses (machine tools) - Quality control - Saturated fatty acids  - Solvents - Supercritical fluid extraction - Vegetable oils
Uncontrolled terms:Cake and meal - Cold press - Double-low rapeseed - Oil - Supercritical CO
Classification code:603.1 Machine Tools, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20142117745091
Title:Predicting spatial distribution of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity by soil texture on vineyard in arid region
Authors:Li, Tao (1); Li, Xiaolin (1); Hao, Xinmei (1); Kang, Shaozhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Hao, X.(haox@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:84-92
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on farmland is one of the most important factors affecting water infiltration and distribution in soils and is also an important parameter in most soil water flow models. Previous studies have shown that saturated hydraulic conductivity is a highly spatial varied parameter under field conditions. Therefore, understanding and quantifying spatial variability at field scale is valuable to better simulate soil water movement dynamics through incorporating spatially-distributed saturated hydraulic conductivity into soil water flow models. This could help to evaluate impacts from different management practices and to develop precision irrigation management practices. The objectives of this study were to characterize spatial variability of the surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and explore its potential association with soil properties. The experiment was conducted on a 7.6 hm² vineyard in an arid region of northwest China. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and other properties (clay, silt, sand, soil bulk density and organic matter) were measured for 0-10 cm soil of the geo-referenced points, which were located on a regular grid of 25 m &times; 25 m. At each sampling point, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was determined by the variable water level method. Spatial structure of spatial saturated hydraulic conductivity was described by a fitted variogram model based on a computed sample variogram, and possible spatial relationship between saturated hydraulic conductivity and other soil properties were evaluated through cross-correlograms. The regression kriging, based on step-wise linear regression of the saturated hydraulic conductivity with other soil properties, was used to predict spatial saturated hydraulic conductivity. I Its performance was compared to ordinary kriging and simple linear regression methods based on ME and RMSE computed from observed and predicted saturated hydraulic conductivity values. For this study, 70% of the measured data of the 135 sampled points were randomly selected to calibrate the models while the remaining 30% were used as a validation dataset, and the same calibration and validation datasets were used for the different methods. Main results from the study were: 1) according to descriptive statistics analysis, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity showed strong spatial variability with mean of 1.64 cm/d and CV of 117% and the CV value was over 10 times larger than that of other soil properties; 2) the sample variogram was best fitted by an exponential variogram model, and the results showed that the correlation range was about 165 m which was comparable with results from other studies in fields with the similar size. The results also showed that about 60% of surface soil saturated hydraulic conductivity variability could be attributed to random variability from measurement error or sampling variability at distance shorter than our sampling distance; 3) the correlation analysis showed that soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly correlated with silt, sand, clay and organic matter content and the correlation length was about 120 m while uncorrelated with soil bulk density; 4) among the four prediction methods, regression-kriging performed the best in the medium zone where saturated hydraulic conductivity was between the first and third quartiles of its values, and performed similarly with ordinary kriging at both lower and higher zones.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Hydraulic conductivity
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Flow of water - Forecasting - Interpolation - Moisture - Organic compounds - Regression analysis - Silt  - Soil moisture - Soils - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Spatial correlations - Spatial variability - Statistics method - Vineyard
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20142117745096
Title:A synthesized drought monitoring model based on multi-source remote sensing data
Authors:Du, Lingtong (1); Tian, Qingjiu (2); Wang, Lei (1); Huang, Yan (2); Nan, Ling (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (2) International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (3) Research Center for Western Development, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Q.(tianqj@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:126-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As global climate change become more complex, accurately monitoring the impact of drought on main grain producing areas in North China Plain has important guiding implication for regional agricultural production planning. The conventional remote sensing methods only monitor single drought response factors such as soil, vegetation. This method does not reflect the comprehensive information of drought. Based on the soil water stress, vegetation growth status and precipitation deficit in drought developing process, a synthesized drought monitoring model was developed using spatial data mining techniques and multi-source remote sensing data includingMODIS and TRMM. For assessing the accuracy of this drought monitoring model, a validation experiment was conducted in Shandong province. The results showed that the main drought events monitored by this model in recent years were consistent with observed droughts in Shandong province. The Synthesized Drought Index (SDI), a drought indicator produced by the model, not only includes agricultural drought informaion but also includes meteorological drought informaion. In the wheat growing period (March-May), the correlation coefficient of accumulated monthly SDI with crop yield as a standardized variable all were exceeding 0.7 (P&lt;0.05) in Heze, Liaocheng and Dezhou, three main wheat producing cities of Shandong province. SDI was negatively correlated with drought affected crop area. The correlation coefficient of monthly SDI with drought affected crop area in wheat (March-May) and maize (July-September) growing period are between -0.67 - -0.85 and all passed significance test (P&lt;0.01) except March (P&lt;0.05). The SDI was also significantly correlated with meteorological drought index. In wheat and maize growing period, the correlation coefficients between monthly SDI and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) are between 0.44-0.67 and all correlation coefficients passed P&lt;0.01 significance test except March. This work provides a new approach to comprehensive assessing regional drought.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Climate change - Crops - Models - Monitoring - Production control - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive information - Correlation coefficient - Meteorological drought - MODIS - Multisource data - Shandong province - Standardized precipitation index
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 451 Air Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20142117745108
Title:Improving precision of soluble solid content predictive model by adopting suitable detective position of watermelon based on near infrared spectroscopy
Authors:Jie, Dengfei (1); Chen, Meng (1); Xie, Lijuan (1); Rao, Xiuqin (1); Ying, Yibin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
Corresponding author:Ying, Y.(yingyb@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:229-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nondestructive detection of the soluble solid content (SSC) is very important to determine the internal quality of watermelon. To enhance the competition of the Chinese equipment manufacturing industry in fruit quality detection, and to improve the benefits of domestic fruit production and processing enterprises, the watermelon, a widely planted thick skinned variety, was selected as the study object. In the study of near-infrared spectra based detective technology of SSC, the spectra collection at different position on the watermelon could result in the variation of precision for the predictive mode by the influencing the spectral signal. In this work, 222 samples were collected at harvest time. The spectra was acquired from the calyx, equator and stem parts of each sample melon. After spectra acquisition, all watermelons were cut into halves from the stem end to the calyx end, and edible portions were removed and cut into proper pieces for obtaining watermelon juice by a juicer. The different spectral data sets were then used as the different inputs of the linear algorithm (partial least squares, PLSR) and nonlinear algorithm (least squares support vector machine, LS-SVM). The 214 samples were retained after getting rid of the abnormal samples; 143 and 71 samples were set aside as the calibration set and prediction set, respectively. The predictive abilities of the different model was compared after the SSC calibration models were established. Both the PLSR models and LS-SVM models showed that the models using the spectra collected from the melon equator as input had the worst performance, while the models using the spectra collected at the calyx were the best. For the calyx collected spectra based PLSR model, the correlation coefficient (r<inf>pre</inf>) was 0.823, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.652 percent. The calyx collected spectra based PLSR model was better than the calyx collected spectra based LS-SVM model with a r<inf>pre</inf> of 0.768 and a RMSEP of 0.731 percent. For stem collected spectra based models, the predictive results were close to the calyx collected spectra based models. It was proposed that the spectra at the calyx part of watermelon should be acquired for our home-built detection system. This work illustrated how the spectra acquired at different parts of watermelons impact the final detection accuracy of the predictive model, but the methods needed to reduce or eliminate this phenomenon require further study.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Calibration - Competition - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Detective position - Least squares support vector machines - Nondestructive detection - Partial least square (PLS) - Root-mean-square error of predictions - Soluble solids content - Watermelon
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 801 Chemistry - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20142117745100
Title:Study on bidirectional reflectance distribution function features of wheat with different plant type
Authors:Zhao, Juan (1); Huang, Wenjiang (2); Zhang, Yaohong (1); Jing, Yuanshu (1); Song, Xiaoyu (3); Yang, Guijun (3); Zhang, Qing (2); Sun, Leigang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (2) School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (3) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (4) Institute of Geographic Sciences Research, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
Corresponding author:Huang, W.(huangwenjiang@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:157-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Canopy structural property is a noticeable factor that exerts a certain influence on canopy bidirectional reflectance, thus it is primarily significant to detect a crop structure signature to refer to quantified remote sensing. This paper analyzed the variations in bidirectional reflectance of erective wheat J411 and loose wheat Z9507 under different solar zenith angles and viewed zenith angles in a solar principal plane. What's more BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) features for the two varieties were explored by exploiting six BRDF shape indictors in a red band (680 nm) and NIR (Near Infrared) band (860 nm) based on the semi-empirical BRDF kernel model and 25 field-measured multi-angle datasets from three years during the year 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2008-2009. The results showed that during the jointing stage, the sensitive stage to identify canopy geometry, Z9507 conceived a larger bi-NDVI (Bidirectional Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) than J411 in a solar principal plane, that means the loose wheat held a larger coverage than the erective variety. Performances of six anisotropic indices differed in varieties and bands. For the erective variety, both ANIF and ANIX in the red band were slightly higher than the loose wheat, while in the NIR band the values for loose wheat exceeded the erective variety. Meanwhile, a similar variation trend presented for the two varieties was that the ANIX was always higher than the ANIF in two bands and values of the two indices in NIR band were larger than that in the red band for both two varieties. Referring to AFX, it displayed a different variation trend compared with ANIF and ANIX. Its values fluctuated around 1. In the red band, the AFX for two varieties were almost less than 1, and in the NIR band were beyond 1, which explicitly depicted the dominance of canopy geometric scattering in the red band and volumetric scattering in the NIR band. Moreover, in the red band the AFX of erective wheat was slightly higher than the loose wheat, while in the NIR band the AFX of loose wheat outweighed erective wheat. Therefore, it is concluded that the geometric weights of an erective variety in the red band are more significant than the loose variety, indicating a stronger geometric effect in the red band for erective wheat; and in the NIR band higher volumetric weights are for the loose variety, suggesting a stronger volumetric effect in the NIR band for loose wheat. Finally, it was illustrated that the anisotropic indices are more capable and applicable to extract crop canopy structural information.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Infrared devices
Controlled terms:Anisotropy - Crops - Distribution functions - Geometry - Reflection - Remote sensing - Spectrum analysis - Structural properties
Uncontrolled terms:Bidirectional reflectance - Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions - BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) - Inversion - Normalized difference vegetation index - Solar zenith angle - Structural information - Volumetric scattering
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 731.1 Control Systems - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20142117745087
Title:Mechanical no-tillage sowing technology in ridge area of Northeast China
Authors:Lin, Jing (1); Song, Yuqiu (1); Li, Baofa (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Lin, J.(synydxlj69@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:50-57
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to establish the Northeast ridge patterns of conservation tillage technology and provide theoretical guidance for optimal design of its ancillary equipment, this paper details the status of ridge tillage development in China and some other countries to achieve conservation tillage for northeast ridge area of China. A new ridge shape was put forward based on survey and statistic analysis and the seed bed tillage geometric models and related dimensions of no-tillage sowing was set up. According to results of field surveys and test, the experiment, analysis and evaluation of two forms of no-tillage corn ridge seeder (rolling disc and strip rotary cultivation) were conducted based on the geometric models, and the results showed that the stubble cutting and clearing of rolling disc seeder can meet the requirements of ridge geometric model in corn production, but new disc coulter need to be developed to reduce working resistance and loading techniques need to be explored to ensure the demand of down pressure of the machine. This study may provide a basis and method for innovative design, improvement and evaluation of ridge no-tillage seeder.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Geometry - Models - Soil conservation - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and evaluation - Ancillary equipment - Conservation tillage - Geometric modeling - No tillage - No-tillage seeders - Ridge shape - Ridge tillage
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20142117745113
Title:Inhibition efficiency of natamycin pretreatment before harvest on gray mold of post-harvest grapes
Authors:Li, Zhiwen (1); Zhang, Ping (1); Liu, Xiang (2); Ji, Xian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin 300384, China; (2) School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, P.(zhp-0352@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:262-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gray mould caused by Botrytis Cinerea is one of the most harmful diseases to grape production and has become an obstacle to grape storage. Natamycin is a natural antimycotic polyene commonly used to prevent yeast and mould contamination of daily food. However, there is no conclusive report on the possible effect of this antibiotic on post-harvest gray mold for grapes. In this paper, the effects of natamycin on grape Botrytis Cinerea were studied through artificially inoculated experiments and related bioassay. Inhibition potentials on post-harvest gray mold for grapes were further studied through pre-harvest dipping treatments and related physiological analysis. Results showed that, at both room temperature and low temperature conditions, growth of Botrytis Cinerea inoculated on fruit surfaces was obviously inhibited by 500-mg/L natamycin antimicrobial. The inhibition rate of the 'Kyoho' and 'Muscat' grape reached 95.23% and 87.84%, respectively. The inhibition ratio under low temperature was higher than that at room temperature, which achieved highly significant levels (p&lt;0.01). The microscopic morphology of mycelium, terminal growing points and spores were also changed into unfavorable growth. Mycelium edges became rough, separation was not clear, terminal growing points wilted, and spores became malformed. For both of the two varieties, mildew rate, abscission rate, and weight loss rate of pre-harvest dipping treatment were lower than that of post-harvest dipping treatment. Fruit hardness of pre-harvest dipping treatment was higher after being stored for 80 days. The increase of the Botrytis Cinerea population on fruit surfaces was significantly suppressed by the pre-harvest dipping treatment of 500 mg/L natamycin antimicrobial. Compared to control, Botrytis Cinerea population on 'Kyoho' and 'Muscat' grape fruits were reduced by 73.66% and 78.71% respectively after pre-harvest dipping treatment of natamycin at the end of storage. The mildew rate, abscission rate of fruit, and browning index of stem were also reduced during storage period. Compared to control, the mildew rate of 'Kyoho' and 'Muscat' were reduced by 40.77% and 50.36%, the abscission rate of fruit were reduced by 43.93% and 43.20%, and the browning index of stem were reduced by 50.86% and 48% respectively when stored for 80 days. In addition, the ethylene (ETH) generation rate of grape clusters was inhibited by pre-harvest dipping treatment of 500 mg/L natamycin antimicrobial, and the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) in the stem were reduced to some extent. Chitin and &beta;-1, 3-glucan are main structural components of fungal cell walls. Chitinases and &beta;-1, 3-glucanases produced in plant tissue have the abilities to degrade Chitin and &beta;-1, 3-glucan, which will help eliminate pathogenic fungus. Furthermore, activity of chitinases and &beta;-1, 3-glucanases in grape fruit were largely induced by natamycin treatment, directly or indirectly, so as to increase the resistance to postharvest grey mould. In conclusion, pre-harvest treatment of natamycin can greatly help control grey mould and improve the quality of table grapes during storage. Findings of the present study would be helpful in designing management measures to reduce incidence and severity of mildew, abscission, and browning of different grape varieties. The findings also demonstrated the potential for using natamycin in controlling natural infections of grape postharvest pathogens. These findings can be employed by grape suppliers to provide qualitatively and quantitatively better produce to the local and/or export markets and release great application potential in the field of keeping table grapes fresh.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Bioassay - Chitin - Energy storage - Ethylene - Fruits - Fungi - Microorganisms - Molds - Physiology - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Botrytis cinerea - Grape - Inhibition efficiency - Low temperature conditions - Microscopic morphology - Mould contaminations - Natamycin - Structural component
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 816.2 Plants and Machinery for Plastics and Other Polymers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20142117745095
Title:Physiological characters and yield formation of corn (Zea mays L.) under waterlogging stress in jointing stage
Authors:Zhou, Xinguo (1); Han, Huiling (1); Li, Caixia (2); Guo, Shulong (2); Guo, Dongdong (2); Cheng, Jingping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (2) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Xingxiang 453002, China
Corresponding author:Han, H.(cjhhi@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:119-125
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Maize jointing stage is an important period for reproductive growth and vegetative growth and also in this stage, corn is sensitive to waterlog. In the study area in the jointing stage of corn, frequent waterlog in field often occur causing damage of corn yield. Therefore finding out the upper threshold for number of days that corn can endure waterlog, and understand the corn physiological reaction after flooding can help to develop management tools to improve corn production. The bottomless pit measurement was set at different waterlogging days (1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d) to determine the corn response to waterlogging duration and the effect of waterlogging duration on corn growth, grain fill, dry mater distribution and yield characteristics. At the vegetative growth stage, the results showed that the average plant height of corn with 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days of waterlog was reduced by 2.26%, 2.26%, 2.45%, 11.36% and 10.17%, respectively, and the LAI (leaf area index) was decreased respectively by 23.79%, 18.93%, 13.04%, 32.74% and 34.27% as compared with the CK (control treatment). With the waterlogging duration more than 5 days at the jointing stage, the plants became dwarf and the leaves turned yellow. For plant physiological response, three days after each flooding duration test showed that chlorophyll content of leaves with the flooding duration of 1, 2, and 3 days was higher (p&lt;0.05) than CK, and root activity increased. But the chlorophyll content of leaves and root activities of flooding duration of five and seven days decreased as compared to the CK. The result also showed that with the flooding duration more than 5 days, chlorophyll content of leaves from corn filling stage to milk-ripe stage was 10.87% lower (p&lt;0.05) than that of the CK. Therefore once the waterlogging duration was more than five days at the jointing stage, chlorophyll content of leaves would stay lower and not be recovered. For the reproductive growth stage, flooding duration at the corn jointing stage affected the grain quality of post filling. The result indicated that compared with the CK, the grain yield of waterlogging duration with 1, 2, and 3 days was rather similar, but with 5 days, it was lower (p&lt;0.05) and it was the lowest with flood duration of 7 days. The ear rows and ear width of corn decreased with the increase of the number of days of flooding, but it was not significantly different as compared to the CK. The corn ear tip-barren had significant difference (p&lt;0.05) than the CK. The corn ear tip-barren from waterlogging duration of 1, 2, 3, and 5 days was about two times higher than the CK, the flooding duration of the 7 days was five times higher than the CK. The ear length, ear weight, ear grain weight and hundred-grain weight of corn decreased as the waterlogging day increased. The yield of corn with 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 waterlogging days were reduced by 16.58%, 16.65%, 26.11%, 34.32% and 39.01%, respectively. Therefore waterlogging duration over 5 days not only affected the normal growth of corn, but also reduced the yield significantly. The research provided information for waterlogging monitoring, fast evaluation of damage and waterlogged field drainage standard determination.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Grain growth
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Crops - Drainage - Floods - Grain (agricultural product) - Growth (materials) - Physiological models - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Control treatments - Lasting days - Physiological reactions - Physiological response - Reproductive growth - Yield - Yield characteristics
Classification code:401 Bridges and Tunnels - 406 Highway Engineering - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 442 Flood Control; Land Reclamation - 442.1 Flood Control - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20142117745098
Title:Early detection and grading of citrus Huanglongbing using hyperspectral imaging technique
Authors:Mei, Huilan (1); Deng, Xiaoling (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Luo, Xia (1); Deng, Xiaoling (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China; (4) Laboratory of Citrus Huanglongbing Research, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:140-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Timely, accurate, rapid diagnosis and grading of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease severely influencing the citrus industry in the world, plays a very important role in guaranteeing the yield, the quality of citrus fruits, and the benefits of citrus growers. Based on a hyperspectral imaging technique, this paper not only focused on the method of early nondestructive detection and grading of citrus HLB disease, but also tried to discuss the influence of different data preprocessing methods on the modeling results. What is more, the varying reflection spectral characteristics of citrus leaves in diverse disease degrees were analyzed in the paper based on measured hyperspectral data. Hyperspectral images of five kinds of citrus leaves, including the healthy, infected with different degrees with HLB, and those with zinc deficiency, were acquired through experiments by a hyperspectral imaging system with the wavelength range of 370-1000 nm, and then the average spectral reflectance data of region of interests of different kinds of leaf samples were obtained by utilizing the environment for visualizing images (ENVI). By taking advantage of a partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) method, three models of the early diagnosis and grading of HLB disease, tested with a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy, were established with original spectral data and data preprocessed by different data pretreatment methods, such as first derivative and moving window polynomial fitting smoothing (Savitzky-Golay smoothing, SG). In the end, the predictive performances of all of the three models were compared and analyzed with the new validation data. As a result, the cross-validation correlation coefficients of three discriminate models were all greater than 0.9548, however, their prediction performances were not the same. The detection results of the first discriminate model, established with original data, was not satisfactory. The second discriminate model, set up with data pretreated by a first derivative method, could basically identify the three types of HLB correctly: the mottled, yellowing, and no obvious symptoms, but there were quite a few healthy samples and zinc deficiency samples misjudged as HLB disease. What was satisfying was that the third model established with spectral reflectance data preprocessed by the Savitzky-Golay smoothing and first derivative methods had the best discriminate effect, which achieved prediction accuracy of no less than 92% of five kinds of leaf samples, the overall classification accuracy rate was 96.4% (in a test set of 250 samples, 241 having been correctly indentified), as well as RMSEP of 0.1344. In addition to these, its prediction accuracy for the healthy, zinc deficiency samples were 92% and 96%, which meant that there were still a few samples having been mistaken for HLB disease. As for the unobvious symptom, the mottled, and the yellowing samples, although some wrong judgments still existed among them, at least all of the three types could be correctly identified as infected with HLB. No matter what, the above research results showed that this method for early, nondestructive diagnosis of citrus HLB was of great significance and feasibility. The research was able to provide a new method for early detection and pre-warning of citrus disease, and also lay a basis for remote sensing monitoring of HLB disease degrees.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Diagnosis
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Grading - Imaging techniques - Least squares approximations - Models - Nondestructive examination - Reflection - Spectroscopy - Statistical methods - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Huanglongbing(HLB) - Hyperspectral Imaging - Hyperspectral imaging systems - Hyperspectral imaging techniques - Leave-one-out cross validations - Partial least squares - discriminant analysis - Remote sensing monitoring - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 746 Imaging Techniques - 801 Chemistry - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20142117745097
Title:Classification and recognition of hybrid and inbred rough rice based on bionic electronic nose
Authors:Xu, Sai (1); Zhou, Zhiyan (1); Luo, Xiwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Z.(zyzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:133-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The bionic electronic nose, a machine detection method based on bionic olfaction, enjoys a good application prospect in rice varieties classification and recognition. There are many differences between hybrid and inbred rice. In order to understand the feasibility by using an electronic nose to classify and recognize hybrid and inbred rough rice varieties, the samples' volatiles of 3 inbred rough rice varieties (Zhongxiang 1, Xiangwan 13, Yaopingxiang) and 3 hybrid rough rice varieties (Wufengyou T025, Pin 36, Youyou 122), which grow in the same area and the same season, were collected in this article by using an electronic nose (PEN3). Firstly, the contribution rates of sensors, which in sampling rough rice volatile, were analyzed by using loadings analysis, and the electronic nose's sensors in the array were selected based on feature value extraction and rough rice volatile detection. It is indicated that the sensors are keenly sensitive to sulfur-containing organics, nitrogen oxides, aromatics, and sulfur- and chlorine-containing organics, and it should be mainly used in classified rough rice varieties. After that, classification and recognition algorithms of Hybrid and Inbred Rough Rice, including PCA (principal component analysis), LDA (linear discriminant analysis), and BP neural network analysis, were developed. Results show that PCA and LDA analysis for the classification between 6 rough rice varieties did not achieve the ideal results. Neither did the classification between hybrid and inbred rough rice. There are some overlapping regions between the classification groups. It is easy to cause a blur in practical application. Compared with PCA and LDA, BP neural network has better performance in the classification of 6 different rough rice varieties, the same effect in the classification between hybrid and inbred rough rice. By using BP neural network, test results show that the accuracy of classification between 6 different rough rice varieties reaches 90% in testing samples test. For classification between hybrid and inbred rough rice, it reaches 96.7% in testing samples test. It is indicated that the bionic Electronic Nose could be a new approach, which can conduct a rapid and non-destructive classification of hybrid and inbred rough rice varieties.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Bionics
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Identification (control systems) - Neural networks - Nitrogen oxides - Principal component analysis - Sensors - Sulfur
Uncontrolled terms:Electronic NOSE - Hybrid rice - Inbred rice - Variety - Volatile
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20142117745112
Title:Intermittent heat treatment inhibiting heat injury and improving storage quality of cucumber
Authors:Zhang, Na (1); Yang, Zhao (1); Chen, Aiqiang (1); Zhao, Songsong (1); Chen, Mingfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Z.(zhaoyang@tju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:256-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the increasing concern over the presence of chemical residues in plants, heat treatment, as a safe and effective physical treatment method, has achieved growing interest. To investigate the effects of intermittent heat treatment on cucumber heat injury and storage quality, tested cucumbers were immersed in hot water (38&deg;C) for 60 min (group H) continuously, or 60 min (group I) intermittently, respectively, and the intermittent treatment was realized through the temperature return process by room temperature water (20&deg;C) after every 10 min of continuous treatment. There was no treatment of the control group (CK). All cucumbers were then transferred to cold storage at 12&deg;C with a relative humidity of 90 percent for 15 days. The distribution of cucumber internal temperature during heat treatment was measured, and the quality and antioxidant enzyme parameters, such as respiratory rate, weight loss, firmness, cell membrane permeability, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, were evaluated during the cold storage every three days. Results showed that, compared with the control group, the higher respiratory rate, weight loss, cell membrane permeability, and the lower firmness in heat treated cucumbers indicated that the phenomenon of heat injury occurred in group H. There was no significant difference between groups CK and H in antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD and CAT) (P&gt;0.05). At the end of storage, the respiratory rate, firmness and relative conductivity of H were 1.19, 92 percent and 1.13 times that of CK. While group I demonstrated delayed cucumber ripening, and performed better in both quality and antioxidant enzymes, at the end of storage, the respiratory intensity, weight loss, POD, SOD and CAT activities were 80 percent, 55 percent, 1.41, 1.67, and 1.24 times that of CK. In addition, results from the analysis of the dynamic temperature field of cucumber tissue suggested that the highest temperature that the cucumber tissue achieved and the duration at that temperature were the internal factors for heat injury. The early stage of the heat treatment, with the faster temperature change, was the important stage for preservation effect for cucumbers.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Cell membranes - Cold storage - Cytology - Energy storage - Enzymes - Heat treatment - Oxygen - Tissue
Uncontrolled terms:Cell membrane permeability - Continuous treatments - Cucumber - Heat injury - Heat transfer characteristics - Internal temperature - Superoxide dismutases - Temperature changes
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 694.4 Storage - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20142117745105
Title:Evaluation of ecological effect in land use planning using ecosystem service value method
Authors:Feng, Yingbin (1); He, Chunyan (2); Yang, Qingyuan (2); He, Jian (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Q.(yizyang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:201-211
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Environmental protection could promote ecological environment into a virtuous circle. The following measures had being taken recently to improve ecological environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Area: Yangtze River shelterbelt was being built, small watershed soil erosion was being controlled, the farmland was being returned to forest and grassland, agro-ecological engineering was being carrying out. Besides the State Council has formally given an official to the Follow-up planning of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area on June 15th, 2011, which has required to enhance ecological environment construction and protection of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and focused to solve three issues which are improving the social economical development of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, reducing the frequency that geological disasters happened, and protecting ecological environment. This paper took Yunyang county of Chongqing, where was located at the hinterland of the Three Reservoir Area, as a case study and constructed correction coefficients of ecosystem service value in view of multi-functionality in land use among different land-use types based on the basis of Costanza' theories and ecosystem service value coefficient set by Xie Gaodi. And then quantitative analysis was being used to evaluate ecological effect of ecological barrier zone in land use planning from the perspective of ecosystem service value and landscape pattern. The results could be shown in the following aspects: 1) Ecosystem service pattern, forest is of primary importance while cultivated land, garden, grassland are supplementary, of Yunyang county' ecological barrier zone would be initially established in 2020. 2) Ecosystem service value in ecological barrier zone could be raised rapidly by land use planning guided by ecological functional construction, which also could strengthen the ability of ecological barrier zone to adjust the climate, conserve water and soil, and maintain biological diversity. The total ecosystem service value of ecological barrier zone in Yunyang county would be rising from 1.552 billons in 2010 to 1.998 billons in 2020, and average annual change rate would reach to 2.87%. 3) The ecosystem service value, especially its regulation service value and supporting service value, of ecological barrier zone in Yunyang county has shown an obvious spatial diversity. The ecosystem service value of Modao River Basin has been rising largest, and followed by Pengxi River Basin, and the ecosystem service value of Yangtze River has been maintained in a steadily increased, while little change has happened in Changtan River Basin. 4) According to the ecological effects analysis, practical guidance was designed to promote policy makers to evaluate and optimize land use pattern and spatial structure for land use planning. It should clarify the adjusting direction of land use structure through the evaluation of land-use structure adjustment among different land-use types and analysis of ecological effect produced by land structure adjustment, and then would achieve the goal of improving the scientific decision-making level in land use planning and ecological protection.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Decision making - Environmental management - Environmental protection - Forestry - Land use - Planning - Reservoirs (water) - Soil conservation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Barrier zones - Correction coefficients - Ecological effect - Ecological environment constructions - Ecosystem service values - Evaluation - Functional constructions - Three gorges reservoir area
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 441.2 Reservoirs - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20142117745092
Title:A decision support system for fertilization and irrigation management of citrus based on semantic ontology
Authors:Wang, Yi (1); Wang, Ying (1); Yuan, Ye (1); Guo, Yunlong (1); Zhang, Zili (1); Deng, Lie (2); Li, Li (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Y.(echowang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:93-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The key problems for realizing precision agriculture include integrating heterogeneous and multi-source agricultural information, developing localization agricultural resources, and providing personalized and active information services for individual farmers. In this paper, we present an approach to precision farming in citrus production management by using semantic technology. In our work, the first step was to transfer the expert knowledge existing in technical reports and books into the citrus fertilization and irrigation ontology that could be understood and directly computed by computer systems. By developing the ontology based on the semantic technology such as the resource framework description triples graph, heterogeneous and multi-source information was integrated into computable localization resources. We described how knowledge in the form of texts, pictures, and tables were encoded into resource description framework triples respectively. In addition, we also discussed how to establish properties, which is a difficulty in ontology development. Our ontology development process was supported by a set of professional tools: TopBraid Composer, the world's most powerful modeling environment, and Gruff, a graphical triple-store browser. We created 31 properties in total and used another five standard properties from the Semantic Web standards. As our aim for building the ontology was to support the decision making for citrus production management, our citrus ontology was not just taxonomy for the citrus management knowledge compared to the existing agricultural ontologies. Then we developed a personalized decision support system for citrus fertilization and irrigation management, based on the ontology. Different from the existing agricultural information services, our system can actively provide personalized production management instructions for individual farmers via multiple terminal devices, including mobile phones and Web browsers. The demo application was implemented using JSP/Servlet. The citrus ontology was loaded into a high performance semantic database system: AllegroGraph 4.10. Applications accessed semantic data via the Java Sesame application programming interface. The real time data from orchards, such as soil sensor records, were stored in relational databases. The demo decision support system had three major functionalities: fertilization management, physiological disease control, and irrigation management. The fertilization management functionality helps farmers fertilize their citrus orchards in the four major lifecycles of citrus. The physiological disease control functionality helps farmers react to nutrient deficiency or excess. The irrigation management functionality provides a real time monitoring and instructions for orchards watering and drainage. We have conducted system validation for the three modules. By testing the fertilization module with 216 data, it generated correct outputs according to the 5 factors: age, lifecycle, soil type, terrain and yield. The physiological disease control module was validated by 100 data, which covered 12 nutrients excess and deficiency diseases. The results showed that the system could correctly detect diseases. The drainage and irrigation monitor module was tested using historical soil moisture data, and the results showed that the system could correctly alarm for abnormal conditions. Finally, the system performance was tested with 361 inputs. The average response time is within 0.23 s for Web browser application and 0.58 for mobile application. This research provides a feasible solution to the problems of precision agriculture. We have demonstrated how expert knowledge in different forms can be transformed into a computable localization resource-semantic ontology. This kind of transformation solves the problem of integrating and modeling heterogeneous and multi-source agricultural data. In addition, the semantic ontology and triple-store have a good scalability that can be continuously extended during the interaction with farmers and experts. The developed demo system can provide active and personalized instructions for individual farmers to guide them in orchard management with expert knowledge. Our research puts forward a solution to intelligent agriculture. Although this research focused on Chongqing citrus farming, the presented results can be applied to other crops and regions in China.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Application programming interfaces (API) - Artificial intelligence - Computer applications - Decision making - Decision support systems - Fertilizers - Global system for mobile communications - Industrial management - Information services - Irrigation  - Java programming language - Management - Metadata - Nutrients - Ontology - Orchards - Physiology - Research - Semantic Web - Soil moisture  - Web browsers - World Wide Web
Uncontrolled terms:Active information service - Agricultural informations - Management functionality - Multi-source informations - Personalized instruction - Precision Agriculture - Resource description framework - Semantic web standards
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 903.4 Information Services - 912.2 Management
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.09.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.