2014年1月第30卷第2期

2014年1月第30卷第2期

Accession number:20141017431060

Title:Development and denoising test of grain combine with remote yield monitoring system

Authors:Li, Xincheng (1); Li, Minzan (1); Wang, Xijiu (3); Zheng, Lihua (1); Zhang, Man (4); Sun, Maozhen (3); Sun, Hong (4)

Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (3) Huantai County Agriculture Bureau of Shandong Province, Zibo 256400, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Corresponding author:Li, M.(limz@cau.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:1-8

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Since grain yield in farmland has spatial variability, and the size of production can reflect the growth and management situation of grain, it is necessary to obtain accurate information on spatial distribution of production for implementing precision agriculture. However, it is still lacking of yield monitoring systems that are suitable for grain combine harvester and field conditions in China. The current developed systems in China mostly cannot reduce the vibration from the harvester, and tend to produce a large error in dynamic measurement of production. Therefore, in this study, a new type of intelligent grain yield monitoring system was developed in order to minimize the influence of the field vibration on accuracy of grain yield monitoring system and improve its practicality. The system included a remote monitoring subsystem based on computer networking technology and a vehicle-mounted subsystem based on controller area network (CAN) bus technology. The remote monitoring subsystem could realize on-site yield measurement, yield mapping, remote monitoring and harvest management. The vehicle-mounted subsystem consisted of industrial computer, CAN bus module, general packet radio service (GPRS), GPS receiver module and a variety of signal sensors. It could detect grain yield, generate yield map and remote wireless communication. Meanwhile, it collected impulse sensor data, elevator shaft speed, grain moisture, harvester travel speed and cutting width to establish mathematical model and measured the grain yield accurately. In addition, it also could get information on geographical location from GPS receiver to draw grain yield distribution map. Moreover, through the GPRS network, it sent the data to a remote personal computer (PC) for processing and displaying. The vehicle-mounted subsystem here adopted mechanical denoising method and double plates differential method to reduce the influence of harvester vibration on measurement accuracy, but the minor differences in output signals between pre-plate and rear-plate of the impact sensor could be observed, which might be caused by difference in installation location of the two plate bracket in fixed end distance and the different force on the sensitive beam resulted from mechanical vibration of the combine. For this reason, a regression difference method was proposed, by which the vibration signal of rear plate approximated the vibration signal of first board before difference processing. In the subsystem, digital threshold filtering was used to improve the estimating accuracy of grain yield, and the filtered data was used for fitting mathematical models of total yield and yield of per unit area. Field test results showed that by regression difference method, the average error of the yield estimate was 3.27% and the maximum error was 8.03%, which was reduced by 7.12% compared with the direct difference method. It suggested that the regression difference method was superior to the direct difference method in eliminating vibration interference. The remote subsystem developed a friendly interface, which realized the remote monitoring and managing grain harvest. The system had a good performance to meet the needs of yield measurement in China.

Number of references:20

Main heading:Vibrations (mechanical)

Controlled terms:Agriculture - Control system synthesis - Emergency traffic control - Estimation - Experiments - Global positioning system - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Harvesters - Mathematical models - Monitoring - Personal computers - Regression analysis - Remote control - Sensors - Signal receivers - Wireless telecommunication systems

Uncontrolled terms:Controller area networkbus - De-Noise - General packet radio services - Precision Agriculture - Remote personal computers - Wireless communications - Yield estimation - Yield maps

Classification code:921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 901.3 Engineering Research - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.2 Control System Applications - 801 Chemistry - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.001

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431073

Title:Temporal and spatial distribution of maize drought in Southwest of China based on agricultural reference index for drought

Authors:Liu, Zongyuan (1); Zhang, Jianping (2); Luo, Hongxia (1); He, Yongkun (2)

Author affiliation:(1) Southwest University Institute of Geographical Science, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, J.(jeepjohn@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:105-115

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Maize, as a major grain crop in Southwest China, has contributed significantly to total grain production in the region. Drought is the most prominent agro-meteorological disaster which poses serious threat to maize production. Therefore, it is important to analyze its temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and occurring regularities to provide technical supports for disaster prevention and reasonable layout of maize production in Southwest China. In this study, daily meteorological data, collected from 60 stations in maize planting areas of Southwestern China during 1960-2010, were used to calculate the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID) which computed daily and based on three important factors (soil, vegetation and atmosphere). The spatial distribution of drought frequency at maize growth periods and annual variations of drought in recent 50 years were analyzed to validate the application of ARID in this region. The results showed there were obviously regional characteristics in recent 50 years. Drought happened most frequently in north center and northeast of YunNan and south of SiChuan, followed by GuanYuan of SiChuan areas, mountains of southwestern SiChuan, northwestern YunNan, YuanJiang and its surrounding areas. Areas with the lowest incidence of drought mainly located in the most regions of ChongQing, the north of GuiZhou and other regions. Drought occurred with the highest frequency at the stage of emergence to jointing and the lowest frequency at the stage of tasseling to filling. In addition, with the development of the growth, drought occurrence had the tendency to move to the east. ARID extremely differed in sub-regions of Southwestern China during maize growing periods. In general, light drought happened in higher frequency than moderate and severe drought. Specifically, only a few regions were moderate drought or fluctuated between light drought and moderate drought. The inter-annual change feature of ARID showed that drought was light in 1980s and became more serious at the beginning of the 21st century.

Number of references:27

Main heading:Drought

Controlled terms:Agriculture - Disaster prevention - Grain (agricultural product) - Meteorology - Monitoring - Spatial distribution

Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural - Maize - Maize growth periods - Meteorological data - Northwestern Yunnan - Regional characteristics - Southwestern China - Temporal and spatial distribution

Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 821.4 Agricultural Products

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.014

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431079

Title:Evaluation of winter wheat productivity in Huang-Huai-Hai region by multi-year graded MODIS-NDVI

Authors:Huang, Ke (1); Liu, Zhong (1); Yang, Lifang (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Corresponding author:Liu, Z.(lzh@cau.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:153-161

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Productivity is one basic property of farm land and the spatial pattern can be used as the baseline information in making and implementing appropriate agricultural policies. As an important winter wheat production area of China, food production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region has been receiving considerable attention for a long time. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from remote sensing techniques is a widely utilized vegetation index in assessing agricultural land distribution, productivity and crop growth conditions. The NDVI time series can be disaggregated into a set of quantitative metrics reflecting crop distribution and growth phenology. However, few studies take both mean crop yield and its inter-annual variability into account in evaluating the productivity of wheat land. In the present paper, we proposed a method to evaluate wheat productivity by using annual NDVI indices derived from the time series of 10 years MODIS NDVI data over the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The calculated productivity can be used to monitor farmland quality. The proposed method composed of four steps: Firstly, we analyzed the reconstructed NDVI time series to generate a set of phenology indices; Secondly we extracted the distribution of winter wheat in the study area using the decision tree classifier; Thirdly we ranked each growing season's mean NDVI (NDVI<inf>mean</inf>) of winter wheat cultivated area from reviving to maturity stage into five levels and the Coefficient of Variation (C.V) of ten years NDVI<inf>mean</inf> into four levels; Lastly, we evaluated the winter wheat land productivity by applying a criterion established by both mean rank and C.V level. The extracted wheat planted areas were consistent with the wheat sown area obtained from the statistic database at the county and provincial scale. The statistically significant correlation between the NDVI<inf>mean</inf> and yields as calculated from the statistic database at the county levels suggested that the mean rank for ten years' NDVI<inf>mean</inf> could indicate the yield level, whereas the C.V of the rank could measure the variation of yield within ten years. The relationship between the mean rank and the C.V for each 20 km×20 km grid showed that in most parts of the wheat land, the high ranked mean yield area had low temporal variations and the low rank's variations were high. It means the high variation of yield is related to a low productivity as well as a low yield level. Consequently, combining mean yield level and its inter-annual variability can generate more objective information for cropland productivity. The result showed that the percentage of high, middle and low level wheat land was 18.35%, 40.04% and 41.61% respectively, which suggested that there is still great potential to improve the winter wheat productivity in the study area. The spatial productivity pattern was driven by variations in hydrothermal condition, soil properties and water resources. The high productivity wheat lands were mainly located in the Huang-Huai Plain where hydrothermal condition is suitable for winter wheat. The low productivity lands were in Jin-Lu-Yu low Plain where drought is more likely to happen in spring, which is the key stage for winter wheat growth. Areas where wheat is low productive caused by infertile soil and water shortage, especially in Saline-alkali land, should be investigated in the future studies to help stabilize and increase grain yield in Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Number of references:19

Main heading:Productivity

Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Decision trees - Forestry - Landforms - Models - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Soils - Time series - Water resources

Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Decision tree classifiers - Graded NDVI - Huang-Huai-Hai Region - Ield variance - Normalized difference vegetation index - Remote sensing techniques - Winter wheat

Classification code:961 Systems Science - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 922 Statistical Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.020

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431091

Title:Development and application of low-variable temperature and high humidity thawing garage

Authors:Li, Yin (1); Li, Xia (1); Jia, Wei (1); Zhang, Chunhui (1); Liu, Bin (2); Guan, Wenqiang (3)

Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Mechanical Engineering School, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (3) Biochemistry and Food Technology School, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, C.(dr_zch@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:244-251

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Frozen storage is a method widely used for preservation of meat products. However, quality deterioration may occur during the subsequent thawing process, such as flavor deterioration, weight decreasing, juiceless, protein oxidation, tenderness reducing and discoloration. Thawing at a low temperature to avoid notably rising in temperature and excessive dehydration of meat is a useful method to assure meat quality, and a high relative humidity is required to minimize thawing weight loss. Therefore, a low-variable temperature and high humidity thawing garage was developed to improve the quality of thawed meat. This new thawing garage only required slight changes to the existing 4°C defrost garage including 1) installing heating coils and steam pipes to the defrost garage, which were used for increasing the temperature and humidity of the defrost garage to realize high relative humidity thawing; and 2) installing frequency refrigeration fans, which were used for decreasing the temperature of the defrost garage. The combination of heating coils, hot steam pipes and frequency refrigeration fans could realize low temperature and high humidity thawing. In addition, temperature sensors and humidity sensors to monitor the temperature and humidity of the thawing garage were also installed so that the frequency refrigeration fans started to operate until the temperature decreased to 2°C when the temperature was higher than 8°C, the hot steam system started to operate until the temperature increased to 8°C when the temperature was lower than 2°C, and the hot steam system started to operate until the relative humidity increased to 90% when the relative humidity was lower than 90%. The coordination of the two systems could ensure that during the whole of the thawing process the temperature was kept at 2°C~8°C, and the humidity was greater than 90%. The operating performance of the developed thawing garage was also tested based on the evaluation of the main parameters of the thawing garage (heating load, cooling load, humidification steam consumption and total steam consumption) for thawing 20 t frozen beef (average temperature was -18°C). Subsequently, the effects of the developed low-variable temperature and high humidity thawing garage on beef qualities were compared with the commonly 4°C defrost garage. The results showed that the heating load, cooling load, humidification steam consumption and total steam consumption for thawing 20 t frozen beef were 95.94 kW, 18.77 kW, 8.78 g/s and 49.19 g/s, respectively. Compared with the commonly 4°C defrost garage, the thawing loss, protein content of drip, cooking loss of beef decreased by 44.17%, 21.61% and 20.30%, respectively, the content of oxymyoglobin increased by 41.04%, the content of metmyoglobin decreased by 58.69%, and the hardness and chewiness of thawed beef increased by 64.88% and 62.23%, respectively. These results indicated that this developed low-variable temperature and high humidity thawing garage could decrease deterioration of beef quality and realize fresh-keeping thawing for frozen beef. This study could provide valuable information for designing and developing this new low-variable temperature and high humidity thawing garage that could be used for thawing of frozen meat in the meat industry.

Number of references:31

Main heading:Thawing

Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Air conditioning - Deterioration - Garages (parking) - Heating - Meats - Refrigeration - Steam - Temperature

Uncontrolled terms:Development and applications - High humidity - High relative humidities - Operating performance - Protein oxidation - Quality deteriorations - Steam consumption - Temperature and humidities

Classification code:951 Materials Science - 822.3 Food Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 644.4 Cryogenics - 643.3 Air Conditioning - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 402.2 Public Buildings

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.032

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431068

Title:Three-dimensional turbulent numerical simulation and model test of front-shaft tubular inlet conduit of pumping station

Authors:Chen, Songshan (1); Yan, Hongqin (2); Zhou, Zhengfu (3); He, Zhongning (3); Wang, Liang (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Jiangsu Sci and Tech Consultation Center for Water Conservation, Nanjing 210029, China; (3) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Corresponding author:Chen, S.(yzcss08@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:63-71

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The tubular shaft inlet conduit is one of the most important structural styles which is suitable for a low-water-head pumping station, and it is gradually widely used in irrigation and drainage of water conservancy projects, such as in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and Tai-Hu lake treatment project in China. Eighteen large-tubular shaft pumping stations have already been built or are under construction in China since 2004. To meet with engineering demands, research on improving the efficiency of a tubular shaft pump system has been undertaken since the first tubular shaft pumping station Mei-Lianghu was constructed and put into operation. Some results, aimed at every specific engineering project, have been acquired by means of model tests, three-dimensional turbulent numerical simulations, and empirical practice, but a standard design method for the optimized tubular shaft inlet conduit could not be derived from those references until now. In order to derive a feasible design method, three-dimensional turbulent numerical simulation was applied to investigate the internal flow pattern of a certain front-tubular shaft inlet duct which was due to the idea of regular outline design. On the basis of systematic research on the internal flow characteristics about nine variable operating conditions, the streamlines and velocity contours on the horizontal plane and different cross sections were revealed, the uniformity of axial velocity distribution and velocity deflection angle at the pump suction were obtained, and the hydraulic loss of the inlet conduit was also quantitatively calculated. It turned out that the streamlines are good with no vortices, the uniformity of axial velocity distribution is as high as 95.46%, and the axial velocity angle approaches 87.94°. The results also show that the hydraulic loss increases with increasing flow rate, while the loss coefficient decreases. In order to validate simulation results, a small-scale, transparent, Plexiglas model of the inlet conduit was made. Its hydraulic loss was measured and compared with numerical calculation data for nine different volumetric fluxes, and the flow patterns in the inlet duct were observed as well. Test results proved that the hydraulic loss is small, the loss coefficient is 6.249×10-2, and no vortices were found. It also revealed that simulation results are consistent with experimental data. Furthermore, the energy characteristic curves of the model pump set were acquired for five blade angles through the pump set model tests. According to experimental results, we conclude that the model pump set has a higher efficiency across a large range of low-water head, and its peak efficiency is 80.52% with water head 1.83 m and a blade angle of -2.

Number of references:30

Main heading:Three dimensional

Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Design - Ducts - Flow patterns - Inlet flow - Lakes - Models - Numerical models - Pumping plants - Pumps - Testing - Turbomachine blades - Velocity distribution - Vortex flow - Water management

Uncontrolled terms:Axial-velocity distribution - Inlet ducts - Internal flow characteristics - Pumping stations - Simulation and modeling - South-to-North water diversion project - Variable operating condition - Water conservancy projects

Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.009

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431093

Title:Concentrated green tea soup produced by pulsed electric field and freeze concentration

Authors:Chen, Jinquan (1); Li, Yanjie (1); Sun, Shenlu (1); Fang, Ting (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Department of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Corresponding author:Chen, J.(chenjq6613@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:260-268

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Instant tea powder is completely soluble solid. It has emerged as a new and fast growing product in the world.. The tea powder basically keeps the original color, aroma, and taste of the tea. It has advantages of convenience, health, nutrition, elegance, quality control, and high stability, which is deeply favored by consumers at home and abroad as well as tea beverage manufacturers. However, tea aroma losses during thermal processing of tea beverage production. In this paper, the application of integration of pulsed electric field (PEF) and freeze concentration technology on tea soup was studied. The hot water extraction was substituted by the PEF extraction to extract green tea soup, vacuum evaporation was substituted by freeze concentration to concentrate the tea. The optimum conditions of the above two technologies were investigated. Using the combination of gas chromatography(GC-MS) mass spectrometry and solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), the differences of the tea soup extracted by pulse electric field (PEF) and hot water on the aroma composition were investigated respectively, the same analysis was done for concentrated tea soup by freeze concentration and vacuum evaporation,. The optimal conditions of PEF extraction were given as; pulse width of 2.5 ?s, electric field strength of 37 kV/cm, pulse number of 10, pulse frequency of 2700 Hz and solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. The results of freeze concentration were best under the following conditions: initial solution temperature at 4°C, scraper speed at 150 r/min and coolant temperature at -15~-18°C. Compared with the hot water extraction, extraction of tea polyphenols by PEF was almost the same. The method of GC-MS with SPME was used to analyze aroma compounds of tea soup extracted by PEF and hot water respectively. The results indicated that PEF extraction technology could effectively keep the main aroma of tea soup. It was better than hot water extraction. The results of SPME /GC-MS indicated that freeze concentration technology could effectively keep most of aroma compounds of tea soup. It was better than vacuum evaporation. Both methods have potential applications in industrial production.

Number of references:28

Main heading:Extraction

Controlled terms:Beverages - Concentration (process) - Electric fields - Freezing - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Odors - Optimization - Technology - Vacuum evaporation - Water

Uncontrolled terms:Aroma - Beverage manufacturers - Electric field strength - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - Green tea - Industrial production - Pulsed electric field - Solid-phase microextraction

Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901 Engineering Profession - 822.3 Food Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801 Chemistry - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 444 Water Resources

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.034

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431095

Title:Different additives improving storage stability of oatmeal

Authors:Shi, Qilong (1); Zhao, Ya (1); Lin, Wenwen (1); Fan, Yong (1)

Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China

Corresponding author:Shi, Q.(qilongshi@sdut.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:278-285

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:To improve the storage stability and optimize the storage condition, the effects of different additives on the moisture adsorption isotherms and glass transition temperature of oatmeal were investigated based on the water activity (a<inf>w</inf>) concept and glass transition theory. Moisture adsorption isotherms of pure oatmeal (PO), oatmeal added with 10% (dry basis, d.b.) maltodextrin (PO-10%MD), 10% (d.b.) whey protein isolate (PO-10%WPI), and a combination of 5% (d.b.) maltodextrin and 5% (d.b.) whey protein isolate (PO-5%MD-5%WPI) were determined at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C) using a static gravimetric method. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) data were fitted with GAB and BET models to select an optimal adsorption isotherms model. Meanwhile, differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the glass transition temperature (T<inf>g</inf>) of PO, PO-10%MD, PO-10%WPI, PO-5%MD-5%WPI and the T<inf>g</inf> data were fitted to Gordon-Taylor equation. The effect of maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein isolate (WPI) on the critical water activity (CWA) and critical water content (CWC) of oatmeal was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption curves of oatmeal followed a typical type II (sigmoid) shape, which could be best fitted by GAB model. The EMC of PO, PO-10%MD, PO-10%WPI, and PO-5%MD-5%WPI increased with increasing a<inf>w</inf> and decreased with increasing temperature. T<inf>g</inf> decreased with increasing water content. Addition of MD and WPI significantly increased the T<inf>g</inf> of oatmeal. At 25°C, the CWC of PO, PO-10%MD, PO-10%WPI, and PO-5%MD-5%WPI were 0.054 g/g, 0.060 g/g, 0.056 g/g and 0.056 g/g, while the CWA of PO, PO-10%MD, PO-10%WPI, and PO-5%MD-5%WPI were 0.126, 0.175, 0.138, and 0.139, respectively. Therefore, the oatmeal with addition of 10% MD can significantly increase the CWC and CWA, thereby improving the storage stability of oatmeal. The results will provide valuble information for selecting suitable packing materials and establishing optimum storage conditions of oatmeal.

Number of references:31

Main heading:Digital storage

Controlled terms:Adsorption isotherms - Differential scanning calorimetry - Energy storage - Glass - Glass transition - Moisture - Optimization - Polysaccharides - Proteins - Storage (materials) - Temperature - Water content

Uncontrolled terms:Critical water activity - Critical water content - Equilibrium moisture contents - Increasing temperatures - Maltodextrins - Moisture adsorption - Oatmeal - Whey protein isolate

Classification code:815.1 Polymeric Materials - 812.3 Glass - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 694.4 Storage - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 444 Water Resources - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.036

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431083

Title:Measure method of tree height and volume using total station under canopy cover condition

Authors:Zhao, Fang (1); Feng, Zhongke (1); Gao, Xiang (1); Zheng, Jun (1); Wang, Zhichao (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Corresponding author:Feng, Z.(fengzhongke@126.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:182-190

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The height and volume of trees is one of the most significant factors in a forest survey, it has important significance for the investigation of forest resources and forestry scientific research. In order to solving the problem that we cannot confirm a single tree's volume exactly, which is caused by the inability to determine the tree height, when a part of the tree crown was in the shade, this paper utilized a different method for setting-out the tree height using a total station to measure the diameter at breast height (DBH), the diameter of the maximum observation point and the middle point's diameter of those two points, and the corresponding distance to the ground in the field investigation. This test observed 334 trees including 188 larch (Larix gmelinii) trees and 146 white birch (Betula platyphylla Suk), using a similar triangle method, single tree growth empirical equation method and Kunze, M. stem curve method to estimate the tree height and volume of every standing trees by constructing mathematical model. At the same time, there were four hypotheses of the highest observation points in the test, those four stations respectively being in 1/3 H, 1/2 H, 2/3 H, and 9/10 H. The three different methods above was used to calculate the tree height and its volume in this four different maximum observation station, and analyzing the precision of every situation. Respectively, the method of similar triangles, simple growth experience equation method and Kunze, M. stem curve method were used to build mathematical model, and through the model combined with tree growth and stem form theory to estimate the tree height and volume. This method only needs to measure a few stem diameter value and the corresponding height, combined with the tree growth equation and stem curve equation can estimate the height. Compared to the conventional method, the tree height precision using the new method was greatly improved. And using remote sensing technology of image reconstructed images of three-dimensional model for tree height method can simplify huge image data calculation process, and improve the efficiency of tree height measurement. The results show that the estimated height and volume values are more accurate with the increase of the maximum observation points. In those three methods, the accuracy can reach to 70%-80% with the tree growth empirical equation and 70%-90% with the Kunze M. stem curve method. Thus, the new method is satisfactory to measure a single tree's volume when it is in the shadow, and it has a very important significance for the actual production.

Number of references:30

Main heading:Forestry

Controlled terms:Calculations - Estimation - Image reconstruction - Mathematical models - Measurements - Timber

Uncontrolled terms:Diameter-at-breast heights - Remote sensing technology - Scientific researches - Three-dimensional model - Total station - Tree height - Tree height measurements - Tree volume

Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 415.3 Wood Structural Materials - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.024

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431096

Title:Improvement of application properties of chitosan-based food packaging films by lavender essential oil

Authors:Zhang, Yunbin (1); Wang, Jingwen (1); Li, Yuexia (1); Wang, Yifei (1); Jiang, Pingping (1); Liu, Xiaoyu (1)

Author affiliation:(1) School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.(ybzhang@sit.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:286-292

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Ecological and environmental issues caused by traditional plastic packaging materials, and increasing food safety awareness have resulted in alternative packaging materials. Chitosan (CS) is a potential biodegradable material due to its edibility, film-forming capacity, non-toxicity, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Traditional chitosan-based composite films are made by the casting-evaporation method. However, inferior waterproof and mechanical properties limit their applications in food package industries. Many researches have been conducted to improve the CS film. Incorporating one or several substancesinto CS film have been widespreadly used. Moreover, acetic acid and chitosan-acetate can be removed from traditionally prepared CS film by alkali leaching, resulting in lower film water-solubility. Lavender essential oil (LEO) can be used as sedative, antispasmodic, antiviral and bacteriostat in industries of perfume, aromatherapy and pharmacy. LEO can also be used as a natural spice in drink, ice cream, candy, bakery and chewing gum. In order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of conventional chitosan-based food packaging films, lavender essential oil/chitosan composite films were made with CS by casting-evaporation-alkali leaching method in this study. The films microstructures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The impacts of LEO content on the thickness, mechanical properties, volatiles content, water contact angle, water solubility and swelling property of films were investigated. The results indicated that the partial functional group's locations of CS matrix were occupied by the LEO ingredients with reduced vibration intensity of covalent bond of CS. Reduced free hydrogen group could form hydrophilic bonds with water, then resulted in the loss of moisture content of films. Moreover, Chitosan-acetate content increased by incorporating LEO. The thicknesses of all films ranged from (20.60±0.34) μm to (23.35±0.65) μm. There was no linear relationship between the film thickness and LEO concentration. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E) behaved similarly when LEO was incorporated into the CS matrix. When the LEO content was 8%, broken tensile strength and elongation reached their maximum levels as (123.44±0.33) MPa and 3.74%±0.02%, respectively. The LEO/CS composite films had lower volatiles mass fraction compared with the CS film. The volatiles mass fraction decreased significantly and reached its minimum level as 8.98%±0.05% after incorporating of 2% of LEO into the CS film. The incorporation of LEO increased film water-solubilities. The films were classified as an insoluble matter due to their low water-solubilities, less than (1.21±0.04) mg/100 g. Water contact angle (WCA) and swelling index (SI) of films decreased with increasing LEO content. The minimum WCA and SI as 80.73° ±0.32° and 0.62±0.01, were reached by CS-LEO (10%) film. The incorporation of LEO improved the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan-based composite films by casting-evaporation-alkali leaching method. As for physical or mechanical properties of the film, their optimal LEO contents were not identical. Therefore, the optimal LEO content needs to be verified with the field data. The CS-LEO (8%) film had the best mechanical properties, while CS-LEO (10%) film had the best waterproof properties. The cost of raw materials also need to be considered. It is expected that this study will assist in the production and application of LEO/CS composite films.

Number of references:25

Main heading:Oils and fats

Controlled terms:Biocompatibility - Biodegradation - Chitosan - Composite films - Contact angle - Essential oils - Evaporation - Films - Functional groups - Hydrogen bonds - Leaching - Matrix algebra - Mechanical properties - Optimization - Packaging machines - Packaging materials - Physical properties - Plastic films - Solubility - Tensile strength - Volatile fatty acids - Waterproofing - X ray diffraction

Uncontrolled terms:Anti-bacterial activity - Application properties - Biodegra-dable materials - Fourier transform infrared reflectance spectroscopies - Physical and mechanical properties - Plastic packaging materials - Strength and elongations - Water contact angle (WCA)

Classification code:951 Materials Science - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 817.1 Polymer Products - 921.1 Algebra - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933 Solid State Physics - 933.1.1 Crystal Lattice - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 462.5 Biomaterials (including synthetics) - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 801.2 Biochemistry - 694.3 Packaging Equipment

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.037

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431085

Title:Three-dimensional numerical model for heat balance simulation of ground-water heat pump

Authors:Luo, Zujiang (1); Li, Wei (1); Wang, Yan (1); Zhang, Dezhong (2); Fang, Lianyu (2)

Author affiliation:(1) School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) The 3rd Hydrogeology and Engineering Group of Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Hengshui 053000, China

Corresponding author:Luo, Z.(luozujiang@sina.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:198-204

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:In order to simulate and predict the change law of heat balance accurately and avoid heat penetration phenomenon during the groundwater heat pump operation, a three dimensional coupling numerical model of groundwater seepage and thermal transport was established and applied to the demonstration project of groundwater heat pump system in Zhengding, Hebei province. The model was based on the groundwater seepage theory, saturated water-bearing medium thermal transport theory and Terzaghi effective stress principle, combined with the design scheme and operation situation of groundwater heat pump, the future heat balance development tendency of groundwater heat pump system under three different conditions was forecasted and analyzed. The water temperature difference between the pumping well and recharge well reduced by 20% (eight degree centigrade) or increased by 20% (twelve degree centigrade) was the first condition which means the cooling and heating load was kept constant. Second condition was the water temperature difference between pumping well and recharge well confirmed and the circulating water volume increased by 20%, or the volume of circulating water kept constant and water temperature difference between pumping well and recharge well increased 20%, which means the cooling and heating load was increased. Meanwhile, in the third condition, the cooling and heating load was reduced. The water temperature difference between the pumping well and recharge well was confirmed and the volume of circulating water reduced 20%, or the water temperature difference between pumping well and recharge well reduced 20% while the circulating water volume kept constant. It was shown that there is a heat penetration phenomenon between the pumping well and recharge well in the demonstration project under the condition of design scheme, which has one pumping well and one recharge well. When the cooling and heating load of the groundwater heat pump system is confirmed, increasing 20% of the water temperature difference between the pumping well and recharge well is more conducive to remiting the heat penetration between the pumping well and recharge well than reducing 20% of the water temperature difference between pumping well and recharge well. In addition, when the cooling and heating load of the groundwater heat pump system is increased, increasing 20% of the water temperature difference between the pumping well and recharge well is a more efficient method for remiting the heat penetration between pumping well and recharge well than reducing 20% of the circulating water volume. Meanwhile, when the cooling and heating load of the groundwater heat pump system is reduced, reducing 20% of the circulating water volume is more conducive to remiting the heat penetration between pumping well and recharge well than reducing 20% of water temperature difference between the pumping well and recharge well. This research indicates in the groundwater heat pumping system, reducing circulating water volume and increasing water temperature difference between pumping well and recharge well can remit heat penetration phenomenon effectively.

Number of references:15

Main heading:Recharging (underground waters)

Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Cooling - Groundwater - Heat pump systems - Heat transfer - Heating - Numerical models - Pumps - Seepage - Specific heat - Statistical mechanics - Temperature - Three dimensional - Well pumps

Uncontrolled terms:Demonstration project - Development tendency - Groundwater heat pumps - Heat balance - Heat pumping systems - Heat-penetrating - Terzaghi effective stress principle - Three-dimensional numerical modeling

Classification code:921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 931.1 Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 444.2 Groundwater - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 618.2 Pumps

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.026

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431081

Title:Visual simulating appearance of plant leaves infected by disease and insect pests

Authors:Miao, Teng (1); Zhao, Chunjiang (1); Guo, Xinyu (1); Lu, Shenglian (1); Wen, Weiliang (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Information Technology in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China

Corresponding author:Guo, X.(guoxy@nercita.org.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:169-175

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:3D agricultural scene under the condition of plant disease and insect pests is very difficult to simulate because of the complex appearance characteristics and severe apparent changes of the disease spots. The realistic appearance of plant leaves infected by the disease can't be obtained by the current methods. This paper presents a method to simulate the appearance of plant leaves infected by the disease. We assume that the disease spots uniformly distribute on the blade surface, spread from the spots center to the surrounding, and the shapes of the same kind of spots are similar. Based on these assumptions, the celluar bias function is used for controlling the shape, distribution and diffusion movement of the disease spot, and also for generating a 2D celluar texture image whose pixels represent the disease degree of any point on the blade surface. A degree parameter (in the range of 0 to 1) is used to adjust the pixel value of celluar texture to control the disease status, and the degree parameter equals 0 means there is no disease, and vice versa. We observed that some diseases can produce mildew layers on the leaf blade surface and which has volumetric, granular and arch form surface nature. In order to simulate the volumetric nature, the shell model is integrated into the approach. We use 15 passes to construct the shell model and use the degree parameter to discard the pixels which are not the mildew layers. For realistically rendering the grainy nature, the Perlin noise is applied to disturb the degree parameter for removing some pixels which belong to the mildew layers. With the purpose of generating an arch form mildew layer surface, we use the degree parameter to discard the pixels which belong to the larger passes of the shell model. Through this operation, the shell will present the height characteristics due to the gradual accumulation of the disease hyphae, middle part of the mildew layer is higher and the marginal part is lower. The optical property of the mildew layer is very hard to modeling because of the heterogeneous internal structure and the subsurface scattering property. In the approach, we construct a parameterized BRDF model to approximate the actual appearance. Owing to covering of the mildew, plant leaves ageing phenomenon happens. For rendering it, a leaf optical model with physiological factors is adopted, which can simulate the aging process by controlling some physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and carotene content. The new method can be easily integrated with disease early warning model to simulate the disease appearance with different disease index or different environment parameters such as temperature and humidity. We realized the algorithm in this paper using OpenGL, and by comparing the rendering results to some actual disease images, we found that the method can realistically rendering the appearance of the plant leaves infected by the disease and insect pest. The research can provide a powerful tool to produce animations for agricultural science training. In the future work, we will focus on observing and analyzing some actual disease spread process to construct a more accurate parameter model for calculating the shape and the distribution of the disease spots.

Number of references:21

Main heading:Disease control

Controlled terms:Agriculture - Application programming interfaces (API) - Arches - Crops - Diseases - Fungi - Models - Pest control - Physiological models - Pixels - Process control - Shells (structures) - Textures - Two dimensional

Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Digital plant - Early-warning models - Height characteristic - Physiological factors - Physiological parameters - Subsurface scattering - Temperature and humidities

Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 933 Solid State Physics - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 723.5 Computer Applications

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.022

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431088

Title:Application of baking equipment of hydrocarbon organic matter fuel in bulk curing barn

Authors:Xiang, Yuhua (1); Zhang, Zongjin (2); Li, Huabing (1); Luo, Guixian (1); Sun, Qiang (1); Teng, Zhi (1); Li, Zaisheng (1); Jiang, Jiaqi (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Panzhihua Academy of agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Sichuan Province, Panzhihua 617061, China; (2) Panzhihua City Company Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Panzhihua 617026, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, Z.(1404769591@QQ.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:219-223

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:To effectively improve the intensive curing barn heating system heat efficiency, reduce the fuel consumption and develop clean energy, we developed a hydrocarbon fuel baking equipment. Compared with the existing density curing barn heating system (barn B), the hydrocarbon fuel baking equipment (barn A) adds heat collector (heat chamber, water tank) to increase the efficiency of the cooling and heat storage. And the heat collector composed of detachable connection and replacement of combustion furnace, radiator pipe and waste heat recovery device, which is feasible to actual installation. Under the conditions of loading tobacco and three-baking process in the two equipments, coal and self-made fuel rod were used as fuels, respectively. Furnace temperature measurement positions were near the top of the furnace at the left, middle and right at the same height. Results showed that barn A reached the highest temperature (888.5°C) in 75 min, and barn B reached the highest temperature (712.7°C) in 105 min. And ash barn proportion (36%) in barn A was less than barn B (43%). The heating chamber in barn A reached the highest temperature (87.1°C) in 30 min, and maintained above 80°C for 45 min, whereas the heating chamber in barn B reached the highest temperature (83.2°C) in 15 min, and maintained above 80°C for 15 min. Heating rate in tobacco loading chamber was faster in barn A with consuming 78 min from 18°C to 68°C. Compared with intensive curing barn heating system, the equipment can reduce 20.4%-36.4% energy consumption of per kilogram dry cigarettes. This research indicates hydrocarbon organic fuel baking equipment has advantages of high fuel efficiency, heating up fast, flexible temperature control.

Number of references:12

Main heading:Loading

Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Coal combustion - Collector efficiency - Curing - Design - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Equipment - Farm buildings - Fuels - Heat storage - Heat treating furnaces - Heating - Heating equipment - Hydrocarbons - Temperature measurement - Tobacco - Water tanks

Uncontrolled terms:Bulk curing barns - Combustion furnaces - Heat recovery device - Heating chambers - Highest temperature - Hydrocarbon fuel - Loading chambers - Measurement positions

Classification code:642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 643.1 Space Heating - 672 Naval Vessels - 702.3 Solar Cells - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 901 Engineering Profession - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 532.4 Heat Treating Furnaces - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 408 Structural Design - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 522 Gas Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.029

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431080

Title:Anomaly detection of fish school behavior based on features statistical and optical flow methods

Authors:Yu, Xin (1); Hou, Xiaojiao (1); Lu, Huanda (1); Yu, Xinjie (1); Fan, Liangzhong (1); Liu, Ying (3)

Author affiliation:(1) Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (2) School of Electronic Information Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (3) Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Corresponding author:Lu, H.(huandalu@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:162-168

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The behavior of fishes is very sensitive to the changes of the parameters of the environment, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, light, and so on. The anomaly detection of fish school behavior can not only discover the relationship between the fish behaviors and the environmental parameters, but also provide an important method and tool for fish health monitoring and early warning. Moreover, it is very meaningful for the study of the mechanism of fish behavior and promotion of the informatization level in aquaculture. By using computer vision technology and based on a statistical method of motion features, the anomaly detection of fish school behavior was studied. The zebra fish was selected as the study object in this paper. First, based on the foreground object detection method with a threshold value method, the backgrounds were removed from the original video images to reduce the influence of noises. Secondly, by the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method, which is based on the local deference method and has better performance, the vectors of motion behavior could be obtained in different temporal and spatial conditions. Thirdly, from these data, the joint histograms and joint probability distributions of turning angles and velocities were calculated. Since from the practical point of view, the anomalous behaviors of a fish school mainly include the change of the moving velocity and the chaos of the moving direction. This is the reason to select turning angle and velocity as the features to analyze. At last, the NMI method and the LDOF methods were applied to study the anomaly detection of fish school behavior. By choosing proper threshold values, the NMI method and the LDOF methods can implement the behavior detection of the zebra fish school. The experiments showed that the accuracy rates of the NMI method and the LDOF method for anomaly detection of fish school behavior can achieve 99.92% and 99.88%, respectively, which implies that both of the two methods have better effects.

Number of references:30

Main heading:Fish

Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Fish detectors - Optical flows - Probability distributions

Uncontrolled terms:Computer vision technology - Environmental parameter - Foreground object detection - Joint probability distributions - LDOF - NMI - Optical flow methods - Threshold value methods

Classification code:822 Food Technology - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.1 Probability Theory - 741.1 Light/Optics - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 471.5 Sea as Source of Minerals and Food

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.021

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431069

Title:Analysis of energy leakage characteristics of dual-tree complex wavelet packet transform and its application on gear fault diagnosis

Authors:Xu, Yonggang (1); Meng, Zhipeng (1); Zhao, Guoliang (1); Fu, Sheng (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Corresponding author:Xu, Y.(xyg@bjut.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:72-77

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The gear is the key component of rotating machinery, so a fault in the gear will directly affect the condition of the whole machine's operation. It was difficult to extract the fault feature information effectively from the vibration signals of a faulty gear. In the field of fault diagnosis, envelope demodulation was one of the most common signal processing methods. However, a filtering process was required before envelope demodulation. The parameters of a filter were determined by experience, and that has a great influence on the results of signal processing. The discrete wavelet packet transform has a larger energy leakage of frequency band, which obviously affected the results of the envelope demodulation. It is necessary to have a method with a lower energy leakage of the frequency band before envelope demodulation. The dual tree complex wavelet packet transform (DT-CWPT) was a new signal processing method that had many good qualities. Because the energy leakage of the frequency band was smaller when the signal was decomposed by a dual tree complex wavelet packet transform, the dual tree complex wavelet packet transform was used to extract the fault feature information in the field of fault diagnosis. In this paper, first, according to the characteristics of Gaussian white noise, whose frequency was full of the whole frequency band, Gaussian white noise was decomposed by a dual-tree complex wavelet packet transform, and the parts with energy leakage were regarded as a theoretical part band beyond the range of the frequency components. Then the lower energy leakage characteristic of dual tree complex wavelet packet transform was verified by a quantitative analysis method of frequency band energy leakage. A dual tree complex wavelet packet transform has an advantage in the pretreatment of envelope demodulation compared with the method of discrete wavelet packet transform. Secondly, the signal was decomposed layer-by-layer by a dual tree complex wavelet packet transform, and the kurtogram based on a dual tree complex wavelet packet transform could be obtained by computing the spectral kurtosis of every layer's components. According to the standard of maximum kurtosis, the layer of decomposition and the component about the signal can be chosen automatically and accurately. The best layer of the dual tree complex wavelet packet decomposition was the layer of the maximum kurtosis and the component which had the maximum kurtosis was the best component of decomposition. Finally, the vibration signal of the engineering was processed by the method of spectral kurtosis based on a dual tree complex wavelet packet transform, the best decomposition layer and component could be chosen, and the fault feature information was extracted effectively by a Hilbert envelope demodulation, where the feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified. The research will provide a reference for extracting the fault feature information of a gearbox fault diagnosis in rotating machinery.

Number of references:27

Main heading:Partial discharges

Controlled terms:Demodulation - Failure analysis - Frequency bands - Gaussian noise (electronic) - Gears - Higher order statistics - Optical variables measurement - Rotating machinery - Vibrations (mechanical) - Wavelet analysis - White noise

Uncontrolled terms:Common signal processing - Discrete wavelet packet transforms - Dual-tree complex wavelets - Energy leakage - Envelope demodulation - Frequency band energy leakage - Gaussian white noise - Spectral Kurtosis

Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 601.2 Machine Components - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.010

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431090

Title:Construction of isolation layers for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dump and its effects

Authors:Chen, Shenghua (1); Hu, Zhenqi (2); Chen, Shengyan (3)

Author affiliation:(1) Yangquan College of Taiyuan University of Technology, Yangquan 045000, China; (2) Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (3) Yangquan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Yangquan 045000, China

Corresponding author:Hu, Z.(huzq@cumtb.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:235-243

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Spontaneous combustion occurs easily in open-air stacking coal gangue dumps, which leads to serious geological disasters and environmental pollution. To improve the traditional direct soil cover methods of coal gangue dump treatments, a new isolation layer with fly ash and clay soil for preventing spontaneous combustion of a coal gangue dump was developed, which was placed as a cover on the surface of the coal gangue dump and before the topsoil covers. The study area of this research was a slope in the east part of the coal gangue dump of NO.3 Colliery, Yangquan Group. The area was divided to four plots. Each plot was more than 200 m2. Different kinds of isolation layers were applied in each plot. The isolation layers were designed as fly ash (FF), clay (NN), layered fly ash, and clay (FNC) and a mixture of fly ash and clay (FNH). FNC was composed of fly ash first and then clay, and its thickness was 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. FNH was designed with the proportion of fly ash: clay =1:2, and its thickness was 30 cm after being ground twice by 4t rolling. One year after the isolation layers were constructed, the samples were taken from the study area at regular intervals. The result of a dynamic test on the permeability of the samples showed that the utilization of a isolation layer of fly ash and clay before the soil covering could block the air effectively. The permeability of the FF or NN layer was lower than the critical value (0.2×10-9 m2) of the spontaneous combustion at the beginning, however, as time went by, the value of permeability increased, and finally could not effectively block the air. The effect of the mixture of the two materials was better than only one material. The experiment showed that the mixture with the fly ash: clay =1:2 (volume ratio) proportion had the best blocking effect, and its permeability was below 50×10-12 m2. By testing the surface temperature and compaction after one year of revegetation, the result showed that the temperature of the FNC and FNH applied area was more stable with increasing depth which was between 10-15° in the depth of 10~30 cm, indicating the good effect of blocking oxygen. The values of compaction of the different layers were increasing sharply with increasing depth, which formed an ideal profile for the vegetation. FF had the highest compaction value. FNC was the second, and the top value of its compaction was about 2800 kPa in the depth of 30.48-38.12 cm. The compaction value of FNH was changed slightly due to the different depth. This research provides reference data and a method for the configuration of isolation layers for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dumps.

Number of references:34

Main heading:Coal ash

Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Clay - Coal - Coal tailings - Compaction - Control - Fly ash - Land reclamation - Mixtures - Revegetation - Soil conservation - Spontaneous combustion

Uncontrolled terms:Blocking effect - Coal gangues - Different layers - Environmental pollutions - Geological disaster - Isolation layer - Spontaneous combustion of coals - Surface temperatures

Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 812.1 Ceramics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 732 Control Devices - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 524 Solid Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 442.2 Land Reclamation

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.031

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431077

Title:Remote monitoring of leaf area index changes for water source forest over mountain areas in upper reaches of Lijiang River

Authors:Wang, Xiuxin (1); Fu, Jie (1); Wang, Peijuan (3); Zhu, Qijiang (2); Tang, Guyun (1); Sun, Tao (4); Luo, Lianling (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (2) State key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China; (4) College of life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China

Corresponding author:Wang, X.(xxwang@pku.org.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:139-145

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Leaf area index (LAI) is a crucial vegetation structural parameter that has an influence on a forest ecosystem. In order to monitor the LAI change of the water source forest over the complex mountain areas in the upper reaches of Lijiang River, the ground LAI measurements were made by using the TRAC instrument in broadleaf, coniferous, and bamboo forests during September and October 2009. Then five spectral vegetation indices, NDVI, SR, RSR, SAVI, and EVI, were calculated from TM remote sensing data, and also elevation, slope gradient, and slope aspect were obtained from DEM data. RBF neural network models were established and trained by using the different combination of vegetation index as inputs, and the ground LAI measurements as the output. After the correlation coefficients of linear regression equations and the root mean square errors between estimated LAI and measured LAI were compared, the optimum combination of a multi vegetation index with the highest correlation coefficient and the lowest error was obtained for each of the broadleaf, coniferous, and bamboo species. As the neural network model was extended to complex mountain areas by adding terrain factors to input units, it was used to estimate LAI from six TM/ETM images during 1989 to 2009. Results showed that a neural network could successfully solve the problems that the coefficients of the non-linear regression equation between LAI and multi vegetation index are difficult to calculate and the regression equation can not include terrain factors. The accuracy of LAI estimation from the optimum model added terrain factors was improved as compared to the ground LAI measurements. LAI change in the forests results from the shrinkage of the mature broadleaf forest and the increase of the young economical forests. In the eleven years of 1989-2000, the area percentage of forest with an LAI value more than 6.0 sharply decreased from 78.8% to 44.1%, and the area percentage of forest with an LAI range from 1.0 to 6.0 enormously increased from 20.8% to 55.4%. During 2000-2009, although the area percentage of forest with an LAI value more than 6.0 gradually recovered to 74.5% with the growth of young forest and the fast growing of bamboo forest, it didn't approach the area percentage in 1989. Meanwhile, the area percentage of forest with an LAI range from 1.0 to 6.0 gradually dropped to 25.1%. The results provide a reference for the ecological assessment of water source forests in the upper reaches of Lijiang river.

Number of references:28

Main heading:Forestry

Controlled terms:Bamboo - Landforms - Mean square error - Models - Monitoring - Neural networks - Remote sensing - Rivers

Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Forest - Leaf Area Index - Linear regression equation - Non-linear regression - Root mean square errors - Spectral vegetation indices - Upper reaches of lijiang rivers

Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 481.1 Geology - 407.2 Waterways

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.018

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431075

Title:Infiltration and drainage processes of different textural soil moisture in middle reaches of Heihe River Basin

Authors:Xiao, Qingli (1); Huang, Mingbin (2); Shao, Ming'an (2); Ren, Lidong (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China

Corresponding author:Huang, M.(hmbd@nwsuaf.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:124-131

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Heihe River irrigation region is typical arid agricultural oasis. It is also important commodity grain, cotton and oil-producing areas. Water shortage is a key issue of limiting socio-economic development. Flood irrigation is still the main irrigation methods about agricultural production and they believe that a large number of farmland irrigation result in high crop yields. This approach not only reduces water use efficiency but also wastes a lot of valuable water resources. Therefore, investigating soil moisture movement laws has important theoretical significance and practical value for the agricultural water-saving irrigation. Although many related results for infiltration and drainage of soil moisture have been reported in previous literature, most of the studies have been focused on the Loess Plateau, red soil area of South China and karst area of Southwest China, few on arid oasis area. The double-ring infiltrometer is used to measure infiltration by the constant-head method, composed of inner-ring and outer-ring whose diameters are 80 cm and 100 cm, respectively. Representative position in the maize farmland and protection forestland was chose, and the Trime Tube depth of 275 cm and 265 cm was installed, respectively. The double-ring was embedded in soil and the water depth of the inner and outer-ring was 5 cm. Soil water content of infiltration and drainage processes was measured by Trime-IPH TDR and soil water movement was simulated accurately by Hydrus-1D model. Results of the simulations indicated that the soil textures significantly affected water infiltration and drainage. The finer grained layer was capillary barriers for water infiltration and drainage as well as had strong water holding capacity. The statistical analysis indicated that root mean square error (RMSE) and the relative error (RE) between the measured and estimated soil water content were below 0.02 and 0.68%, respectively. Root mean square error (RMSE) and the relative error (RE) between the measured and estimated soil water storage were below 0.908 and 0.9% respectively. HYDRUS-1D model had a high precision for the simulation of water transport of the oasis soil in vertical direction. The results can provide a scientific basis for water management and sustainable development of Heihe River Basin.

Number of references:25

Main heading:Infiltration

Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Drainage - Farms - Irrigation - Mean square error - Soil moisture - Soils - Water content - Water management - Water supply - Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Heihe river - HYDRUS-1D - Root mean square errors - Socio-economic development - Water holding capacity - Water use efficiency - Water-saving irrigation

Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources - 442 Flood Control; Land Reclamation - 406 Highway Engineering - 401 Bridges and Tunnels - 444.1 Surface Water

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.016

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431065

Title:Simulation and test for hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber

Authors:Zhang, Han (1); Guo, Xuexun (1); Xu, Lin (1); Zhang, Jie (2)

Author affiliation:(1) Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Automotive Parts, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) Tech. Center, Wanxiang Group, Hangzhou 311200, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, H.(zh1985@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:38-46

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:With the rising concerns of global environmental issues, energy saving in automobiles becomes an important subject. In order to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction, the traditional passive shock absorber converts the vehicle vibration energy to thermal energy, and then the thermal energy is released into the air. However, the energy-regenerative shock absorber could harvest this part of the energy. This paper presents a vehicular hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber (HESA) which is designed for acquiring the vibration energy caused by road irregularity. It is composed of a hydraulic cylinder, two check valves, two accumulators, a hydraulic motor, a generator, and hydraulic lines. When the vehicle is subjected to vertical vibration, the oil in the HESA flows to the hydraulic motor through a hydraulic line, then the rotating hydraulic motor drives a generator to produce electricity. In order to consider the vibration reduction performance of the HESA, the damping characteristic was analyzed in detail. Through theoretical analysis, the damping force mathematical model of the HESA was deduced, and the calculation program was written in MATLAB, based on the HESA damping force mathematical model. The indicator diagram characteristic and speed characteristic of the HESA under the working condition of a sinusoidal displacement input of 1.67 Hz was obtained from simulation tests, which was designed according to a national absorber test procedure. A test bench was constructed to verify the results of a simulation. The comparison between the bench test data and simulation data showed that the value of a compression travel damping force was smaller than the rebound travel's, and the peak value of the simulation data was identical with the value in test data. The simulation speed characteristic curve of the HESA was compared with the bench test data. However, there were some distortions in the test indicator diagram characteristic curve because of the inappropriate accumulator parameters. The influences on the HESA caused by the accumulator parameters, such as changes of accumulator pressure, accumulator volume, hydraulic motor displacement, check valve orifice area, and hydraulic pipeline inner diameter were investigated. The results of simulation analysis shows that the damping force was increased with the rising of the accumulator pressure, and decreased with the rising of accumulator volume, check valve orifice area, and hydraulic pipeline inner diameter. Besides, the rebound travel damping force was only influenced by hydraulic motor displacement, that is, the damping force was decreased with the rising of hydraulic motor displacement. The key point is that the value of a compression travel damping force was smaller than the rebound travel's, which was consistent with the traditional absorber. So we can conclude that the HESA has the damping characteristic matching with the traditional vehicle suspension system, and therefore it has some certain potential applications.

Number of references:31

Main heading:Hydraulic accumulators

Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Damping - Electric drives - Electromagnetic waves - Energy harvesting - Hydraulic motors - Mathematical models - MATLAB - Orifices - Pipelines - Shock absorbers - Testing - Thermal energy - Vibrations (mechanical)

Uncontrolled terms:Accumulator pressures - Characteristic curve - Damping characteristics - Electromagnetic systems - Hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative - Passive shock absorbers - Speed characteristics - Vehicle suspension systems

Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 472 Ocean Engineering - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.006

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431061

Title:Parameters optimization of flow-through air lint cleaner based on CFD discrete phase model

Authors:Dong, Quancheng (1); Feng, Xianying (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China

Corresponding author:Feng, X.(fxying@sdu.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:9-16

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:A flow-through air lint cleaner could effectively remove impurities such as sterile seeds or broken seeds, can improve cotton grade, and does not cause any damage. In order to improve the efficiency of a flow-through air lint cleaner in removing impurity and reduce the loss of cotton, this study was developed about the moving track of the lint fiber and impurity, through the discrete phase model (DPM) based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The moving track analysis of the DPM model showed that the moving track of lint fiber particles were different from the impurity particles. Most of lint fiber particles following the airflow escaped from the cotton outlet because of its lighter quality, and a few escaped from the notch. However, the impurity particles due to the heavier weight produced large inertia, most escaped from the notch, while a small number following the airflow escaped from the cotton outlet. In the DPM model, 600 particles were used to respectively simulate the moving track of lint fiber and impurity. The loss rate of cotton was defined by the ratio of the fiber particle number escaping from the notch and the whole particles number, and the separating rate of impurity was defined by the ratio of the impurity particles number escaping from the notch and the whole particles number. That the loss rate of cotton was lower, and the separating rate of impurity was higher showed that the flow-through air lint cleaner performance was far superior. In this paper, three parameters (inlet airflow velocity, outlet pressure, and the notch size) affecting the loss rate of cotton and the separating rate of impurity were analyzed by the CFD simulation. By an orthogonal test method, a total of 25 experiments were carried out. Experimental results of the range and variance analysis showed that the order from high to low of factors influencing the loss rate of cotton were inlet airflow velocity > notch size > outlet pressure, and also the order of the separating rate of impurity was notch size > inlet airflow velocity > outlet pressure. By establishing the integrated grading standard, the 25 experiments were given scores respectively. The optimal parameter combination was that given the highest score and the three parameters was that the inlet airflow velocity was 15 m/s, the outlet pressure was -650 Pa, and the notch size was 30 mm. The loss rate of cotton was 5%, and the separating rate of impurity was 90% with the optimal parameter combination. After an actual test in a factory, the test results showed that the parameter optimization analysis of the flow-through air lint cleaner using a CFD simulation and orthogonal method was likely feasible.

Number of references:30

Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics

Controlled terms:Air - Air cleaners - Cleaning - Cotton - Experiments - Fibers - Grading - Impurities - Optimization - Removal - Testing - Velocity

Uncontrolled terms:Discrete phase model - Impurity particles - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal method - Orthogonal test method - Parameter optimization - Parameters optimization - Variance analysis

Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 951 Materials Science - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.002

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431086

Title:Experiment on single well groundwater heat pump systems in different distances between pumping and injection screens

Authors:Song, Wei (1); Ni, Long (1); Yao, Yang (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Heat Pump and Air Conditioning Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China

Corresponding author:Ni, L.(nilonggn@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:205-211

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:As the global energy crises and environmental problems become more and more serious, ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are perhaps the most widely used green HVAC system, with an estimated 1.1 million ground source heat pumps installed worldwide. These systems have become an important energy-saving and environment protection technology for use in residential and commercial buildings in China. These applications included two types of systems: closed-loop (ground-coupled) and open-loop. As one kind of semi-closed-loop systems, single well groundwater heat pump (SWGWHP) systems have become increasingly popular for use because of their economic advantages from lower installation cost, lower operating cost, and improved overall performance in regions with suitable geological conditions. In general, SWGWHP systems included three different variations, i.e. standing column well (SCW) system, pumping & recharging well (PRW) system, and pumping & recharging well filled with gravel (PRWFG) system. Compared with SCW system, the well pipe in PRW system and PRWFG system are divided into three parts by clapboards, i.e. production zone, seals zone and injection zone. In recent decades, considerable research efforts have been spent on SWGWHP systems, especially on SCW system. However, little attention has been focused on the PRW system and PRWFG system. For GSHP systems, sand tank experiment is one of the important methods of laboratory investigation for discussing the performance of geothermal heat exchanger, due to many parameters can be set and adjusted more easily and economically than that in in-situ experiments. In order to provide a framework for discussing the influence on distances between pumping and injection screens (DPI) in SWGWHP systems, a sand tank experiment system was designed and set up in Harbin Institute of Technology, China. In this study, we tested the temperature of outlet and inlet water, the aquifer temperature, and flow rate of outlet water. From the reasonable results obtained in these tests, the absorption and rejection quantities of SWGWHP systems were calculated. The results pointed out that with increasing the DPI, the outlet water temperature and heat transfer quantities of these three kinds of thermal wells can be improved significantly. When the conditions permit, the DPI should be increased greatly. Additionally, when the DPI increases the same value, the improvements of outlet water temperature are as follows: the SCW system is the best, followed by PRWFG system, and PRW system. It can be concluded that increasing the DPI is more beneficial to the thermal well with serious thermal breakthrough. Moreover, when the DPI is short, increasing the DPI can improve the temperature difference between outlet and inlet water and heat absorption quantities of PRW system significantly. When the DPI increases to a certain value, this improvement of thermal breakthrough is not significant. However, the PRWFG and SCW systems are different, i.e. increasing the DPI that benefits are always obvious. With the distance between the measuring point and thermal well increasing, the influence of thermal well on the measuring point is weaker. With the DPI increasing, the influence of the cold inlet water on the radial extent of the aquifer is weaker. The thermal influence scope of SCW system is the smallest one among the three types of thermal wells. Although there are some differences between the laboratory model tests and complexity of the practical geological conditions, the rules obtained from the experiments for the guidance of practical project still have great significance.

Number of references:26

Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps

Controlled terms:Aquifers - Climate control - Energy policy - Experiments - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Office buildings - Pumps - Temperature - Water absorption

Uncontrolled terms:Energy-saving and environments - Environmental problems - Harbin Institute of Technology - Laboratory investigations - Outlet-water temperatures - Sand tank - Single well - Temperature differences

Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 618.2 Pumps - 525.6 Energy Policy - 444.2 Groundwater - 402.2 Public Buildings - 402 Buildings and Towers

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.027

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431072

Title:Quantifying catchment scale sediment source using composite fingerprinting technique

Authors:Guo, Jin (1); Wen, Anbang (1); Yan, Dongchun (1); Shi, Zhonglin (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author:Wen, A.(wabang@imde.ac.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:94-104

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Severe soil and water loss and land destruction, diffused sediment pollution caused by the excessive sediment impairs water quality and plays a key roil on the transfer and fate of nutrients and contaminants. Researches on catchments (river) sediment provenance, ascertaining sediment flux into the pond, river and reservoir and apportioning catchments sediment sources all are very essential and instructive. Accordingly, this study makes an attempt to: 1) assess the potential for using composite fingerprint technique in tracing pond sediment from a agricultural catchment (10.7 hm2) in the Three Gorge Reservoir Region; 2) and to give an exploration of the sediment sources defined in term of land uses. Based on detailed field investigation and well arrangement for the sampling campaign, the small agricultural catchment was qualitatively divided into three main sources (namely woodland and pasture, slope cropland and paddy field). A total of 15 potential source samples were collected from those three land use areas (with sample sizes of 7, 4, 4 for slope cropland, paddy field and woodland and pasture, respectively). Each source sample comprises 5-7 scrapes of the surface materials (c. 2 cm) retrieved along the slope; and three cores (upper 5 cm of the pond sediment) were extracted from the pond and followed a homogeneous mixing so as to represent contemporary sedimentation during the latest 10 year. 16 geochemical properties, including radionuclides (137Cs, 210Pb<inf>ex</inf>, 226Ra), organic and inorganic constituents (total C, total N, and total P), base cation (K, Mg), trace metal (Mn), heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) as well as grain size composition, were measured and statistically analyzed in order to determine the optimized composite fingerprints. 5 tracers (cf. total C, 137Cs, 226Ra, K and Zn) were selected constituting the integrated fingerprints through a two steps statistical analysis involving Kruskal-Wallis H test (K-W H test) and discrimination function analysis (DFA), which all together are capable of discriminating 87% of the source samples correctly. Followed with an application of a multivariate linear mixing model, relative contributions of those three sources were apportioned. Results showed that approximately 84% of the sediment reserved in the pond was originated from slope cropland, 14% of the sediment was from paddy field, wood land and pasture makes a 2% contribution to the pond sediment. The study catchment is a typical small agricultural catchment with no drain system where runoff went down the slope through plots and converged in the lower paddy field in which temporary sedimentation was supposed to occur. While there may exist some extent of erosion, especially during early summer when the paddy field was deeply ploughed and evenly harrowed for rice, thus might suffer heavy storm events at that time. The case study demonstrates that the composite fingerprint technology provides an alternative for elucidating the sediment sources of the agricultural catchments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.

Number of references:50

Main heading:Catchments

Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cadmium compounds - Cesium - Copper - Lakes - Land use - Lead - Models - Nutrients - River pollution - Runoff - Sediment transport - Soil pollution - Soil testing - Soils - Water quality - Zinc

Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural catchments - Fingerprint technologies - Fingerprinting techniques - Geochemical properties - Grain size composition - Linear mixing models - Three Gorge reservoir region - Three Gorges Reservoir region

Classification code:546.1 Lead and Alloys - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 544.1 Copper - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 453 Water Pollution - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.013

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431094

Title:Online quantitative determination of Wuyi Rock Tea quality compounds by near infrared spectroscopy

Authors:Zhao, Feng (1); Lin, Hetong (1); Yang, Jiangfan (2); Ye, Naixing (4); Yu, Jinpeng (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (2) College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (3) Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou 350001, China; (4) College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Corresponding author:Lin, H.(hetonglin@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:269-277

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Wuyi Rock tea (Camellia sinensis) is a kind of Oolong tea. It typically is of high sensory quality in China. Its cultivation and processing have become pillar industries in northern Fujian Province, China. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), a kind of online inspection technology, has been widely used in many areas for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis. The purpose of this research is to apply NIRS technology to the routine online inspection processing of Wuyi Rock tea. Totally 70 Wuyi Rock tea samples were collected from 10 different local companies. Four chemical components including moisture, caffeine, tea polyphenols and crude fiber were measured in laboratory based on Chinese National Standard methods. The statistic analysis results showed that the distribution range of moisture, tea polyphenols, caffeine and crude fiber were 6.02%-8.09%, 9.07%-15.65%, 18.41-30.22 g/kg and 9.19%-16.62%, respectively. Their standard distribution values were 0.424%, 1.353%, 2.613 g/kg and 1.497%. TQ Analyst 8.5 spectrum metrology analysis software was applied to develop the model. Several mathematical pretreatment methods and model results were analyzed and compared. The results showed that moisture can be predicted by PCR model with First derivative and Savitzky-Golay smoothing pretreatment in spectrum range of 5110-4933 cm-1. The correlation coefficient and mean square error of determination for the prediction model of moisture were 0.9815 and 0.0812%, respectively. The tea polyphenols can be predicted by PCR model in spectrum range of both 4736-4644 and 5936-5712 cm-1 without derivative and smoothing pretreatment. The correlation coefficient and mean square error of determination for the prediction model of tea polyphenols was 0.7427 and 0.748%, respectively. The caffeine can be predicted by PCR model in spectrum range of 4678-4289 cm-1 without derivative but with Savitzky-Golay smoothing pretreatment. The correlation coefficient and mean square error of determination for the prediction model of caffeine was 0.8601 and 1.39 g/kg, respectively. The crude fiber can be predicted by PCR model in spectrum range of 4478~3857 cm-1 without derivative but with Savitzky-Golay smoothing pretreatment. The correlation coefficient and mean square error of determination for the prediction model of tea polyphenols was 0.8840 and 0.580%, respectively. Compared with the requirement of deviation in Chinese National Standard methods, the moisture model was better than its standard's error. The caffeine model, tea polyphenols model and crude fiber model were not as good as their standard's errors. But they were good enough for the routine online inspection.

Number of references:28

Main heading:Mathematical models

Controlled terms:Caffeine - Fibers - Mean square error - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Near infrared spectroscopy - Quality control - Rocks - Spectrum analysis

Uncontrolled terms:Chinese national standard - Correlation coefficient - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - Qualitative and quantitative analysis - Quantitative - Quantitative determinations - Standard distributions - Wuyi Rock Tea

Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 731.1 Control Systems - 481.1 Geology

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.035

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431078

Title:Mapping crops acreages based on remote sensing and sampling investigation by multivariate probability proportional to size

Authors:Wu, Mingquan (1); Yang, Liangchuang (2); Yu, Bo (1); Wang, Yu (3); Zhao, Xin (4); Niu, Zheng (1); Wang, Changyao (1)

Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (3) College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (4) College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author:Wu, M.(wumq@radi.ac.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:146-152

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:MPPS is a method widely used in crop area statistics in the Chinese crop area statistical investigation business. However, this method has two drawbacks. One is the outdated basic data. The other is the large workload of a field survey. The second land use survey data used as the basic data in the Chinese crop area statistical investigation is only updated every 10 years. The longer update cycle makes it difficult to react to the inter-annual change of crop areas. The artificial field survey is used in the Chinese crop area statistical investigations to survey the area of crops of every sampling village. Because of the large number of sample villages, the workload of field investigation is huge, and time-consuming and laborious. In order to solve those problems in a conditional sampling survey, a novel crop area extraction method was proposed in this paper using remote sensing and MPPS sampling technology. The sampling frame was prepared using the village-level administrative unit data of the second land use survey data. Crops were extracted using multi-temporal HJ-1 satellite data with a Spectral Angle Mapper method. Three HJ-1 satellite data sets acquired in April, May, and August were selected according to the Phonological data. In April, rice and winter wheat were in the seedling stage, and corn was not planted. In May, rice was in irrigation period. In August, winter wheat had been harvested, while rice and corn were in their maturity periods. So using images in those months, it was easy to differentiate rice from winter wheat and corn since the paddy land contains water, while the wheat and corn land were dry in May. It was also easy to differentiate winter wheat from corn because the growing period of winter wheat was 20 days earlier than the growing period of corn. Then the crop areas of each village were updated by the moderate resolution crop classification map. Combining the updated sampling frame data and MPPS sampling method, sampling villages were selected. Crops in the sampling villages were mapped using ZY-1 02c satellite data with an object-oriented classification method. The ZY-1 02C satellite is a new Chinese civil remote sensing satellite launched on December 22, 2011. It was the highest resolution civil remote sensing satellite in China which carried a panchromatic/multispectral sensor and a high-resolution sensor. The spatial resolution of the HR sensor was 2.36 m, and the spatial resolution of the panchromatic/multispectral sensor was 5 m in a panchromatic band and 10 m in three multispectral bands. Finally, according to the MPPS method, the total area of each crop in the study area and CV were calculated. The algorithm had been tested over a study area in Beizhen Country, Liaoning Province, China. The results showed that this method could effectively determine the rice and corn areas. A high mapping precision of 92% was obtained.

Number of references:30

Main heading:Crops

Controlled terms:Communication satellites - Image resolution - Measurements - Remote sensing - Rural areas - Sampling - Surveys

Uncontrolled terms:Conditional sampling - High resolution sensors - MPPS - Object oriented classification - Panchromatic/multispectral - Probability proportional - Remote sensing satellites - Spectral angle mappers

Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801 Chemistry - 742 Cameras and Photography - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 717 Optical Communication - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 405.3 Surveying

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.019

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431076

Title:Application of different management measures to reduce runoff losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and copper from orchard in dense river network plain

Authors:Zhang, Huimin (1); Xu, Qiutong (1); Zhang, Mingkui (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Resource and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, M.(mkzhang@zju.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:132-138

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural fields have become more common in China in last two to three decades as a result of increase of fertilizer application. Nonpoint-source pollutants of agricultural production play an important role in eutrophication of lakes and rivers. Thus, controlling the transport of pollutants in runoff is critical to reduce freshwater eutrophication. Dense river network plain region is an intensively managed agricultural production area where concerns over nutrients and heavy metals have been raised. Fruit production within this region is unique in that it often occurs on beds due to the high water table level in this historically wetland area. Beds is designed to support a single row of trees along the top, and large volumes of surface runoff and associated agrichemicals such as nitrogen, phosphorus and copper may leave the production areas in a short period of time due to these drainage features. To investigate the effects of agricultural management measures on runoff losses of nutrients from orchard in the region, in this paper, a plot observation experiment under the conditions of natural rainfall was carried out to study the effects of different measures on runoff losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and copper from orchard in the region. The experiment included five treatments, i.e. control without application of any measures, biological measure with plantation of ryegrass, chemical improvement measure with application of mixture of zeolite and lime powder, engineering measure in that sand sedimentation pit is arranged in the drainage ditch, and comprehensive measures with combined application of biological, engineering and chemical measures. The annual application rates of N, P, K were 1150, 150, and 125 kg/hm2, respectively. Losses of sediment, total and dissolved P, N, and Cu in surface runoff for each of the experimental plots were monitored between January of 2009 and December of 2010. The result showed that application of biological measure reduced runoff volume by 18.6%, and application of biological measure, chemical improvement measure and engineering measure reduced sediment by 52.6%, 16.3% and 38.3%, respectively. Runoff and sediment surface erosion is the main way to carry the nitrogen, phosphorus, copper loss. After biological measure, chemical improvement measure and engineering measure were implemented, the total phosphorus loss is reduced by 38.66%, 18.53%, and 22.68%, and the total copper loss is reduced by 41.4%, 18.4% and 29.9%, respectively. Application of biological measure reduced total nitrogen loss by 23.6%. Reduction effects of phosphorus, copper loss by application of the three measures were greater than that of nitrogen loss. Combined applications of biological, chemical and engineering measures can make the nitrogen, phosphorus, copper loss decrease significantly, which contribute to the protection of water environment around the orchard. These results indicate that all of the biological, chemical and engineering measures are effective management practices that reduce P, N, and Cu runoff from orchard in dense river network plain.

Number of references:29

Main heading:River pollution

Controlled terms:Agricultural chemicals - Agricultural runoff - Agriculture - Copper - Drainage - Engineering - Eutrophication - Experiments - Heavy metals - Lake pollution - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nutrients - Orchards - Phosphorus - Pollution control - Rivers - Sediments

Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management - Agricultural productions - Engineering measures - Fertilizer applications - Nitrogen and phosphorus loss - Nutrient loss - Runoff and sediments - Transport of pollutants

Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 901.3 Engineering Research - 544.1 Copper - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901 Engineering Profession - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 401 Bridges and Tunnels - 406 Highway Engineering - 407.2 Waterways - 442 Flood Control; Land Reclamation - 453 Water Pollution - 453.1 Water Pollution Sources

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.017

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431070

Title:Control system of bearingless induction motors based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

Authors:Yang, Zebin (1); Wang, Mingtao (1); Sun, Xiaodong (2)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Corresponding author:Wang, M.(meekomiss@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:78-86

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Bearingless induction motors, which were multivariable, were strongly coupled, along with a higher order nonlinear system. To obtain the stable suspension control of a bearingless induction motor, a new control strategy based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System was proposed. First, in the analysis of the generation mechanism of a bearingless induction motor's radial suspension force, the mathematical model of a bearingless induction motor was achieved. Based on the control principle of an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System had been built to design the controller, including the option of control variables and membership functions. By the PID control, the input data and output data could be collected. The selected criterion of error was set to correct the membership function parameters. In addition, the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) model was trained by a Sugeno type Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System controller. Then, aiming at the performances of rotor suspending, speed, and torque response, the simulation and analysis of the control system for bearingless induction motors had been carried out on the basis of MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. Moreover, the motor speed was set to 6000r/min. The simulation results showed that the stable suspension of a bearingless induction motor can be quickly achieved by this presented control strategy. Through the comparison with PID control, the speed response was faster, and the speed overshoot was smaller in the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System control. Further, the suspension performance of the rotor was not affected by the sudden change in the load torque. When the rotor speed suddenly changed from 6000 r/min to 3000 r/min at the time of 0.5 seconds, the speed response of the control system could track the given speed well, and with a very small steady state error. The control system has a fine dynamic and static performance. Finally, the control system test platform of a bearingless induction motor was built based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System controller. The experimental results of the control system also showed that this control strategy could achieve the stable suspension of a bearingless induction motor. The control system has a quickly response, a high control precision, and the strong robustness to load torque disturbance. The correctness and effectiveness of the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System control method was verified in this paper.

Number of references:31

Main heading:Suspensions (components)

Controlled terms:Control - Controllers - Fuzzy systems - Induction motors - Mathematical models - Membership functions - Motors - Rotors (windings) - Speed - Suspensions (fluids) - Three term control systems - Torque measurement - Tracking (position)

Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system control - Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system - Bearingless induction motor - Fuzzy inference systems - Matlab/Simulink simulation - Radial suspension force - Simulation and analysis - Suspension performance

Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 732.1 Control Equipment - 732 Control Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 705.3.1 AC Motors - 705.3 Electric Motors - 704.1 Electric Components - 601.2 Machine Components

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.011

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431084

Title:Remote sensing parsing on non-point pollution landscape source and assembly pattern in river basin

Authors:Zhang, Xin (1); Cheng, Xi (2); Li, Wanqing (3); Luo, Lei (1)

Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; (3) College of Economy and Management, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China

Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(zhangx@irsa.ac.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:191-197

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The non-point pollution landscape source and assembly pattern of a river basin and its spatio-temporal process analysis are the scientific theoretical bases for studying the pollution, production, transport, prevention, and policy of river water. In this paper, to mine the spatio-temporal character and advantages of remote sensing data, the definition schedule of the landscape of the river basin non-point pollution source and assembly was introduced. The first types of landscape in the river basin included the impervious surface area (ISA) and the pervious surface area. The second types of landscapes in the river basin consisted of 14 different types, including woodland, orchard, road, rural area, town, and paddy field, etc. The river basin non-point pollution landscape source and assembly pattern remote sensing parsing method was subsequently presented at the pixel, sub-pixel, and time-renewing levels. (1) A "globe-local" coupling information extraction model for ISA at the pixel level was established. Through the mining and integration of the spatial information in a local image area, the spectral instability of the whole scale was optimized. The model was divided into two main computing steps: the "global" prior classifier, and the "local" post classifier. The prior classifier only extracted pixels that would satisfy a certain accuracy threshold, which was based on the probability of classification. The unclassified pixel was handled by the post classifier, which first mined the partly classified spatial information result and then computed the new spatial features, such as distance, texture, pattern, and other features for assisting with the subsequent pixel classification. (2) A sample library-based ISP estimation model at the sub-pixel level was established. After comparing the two classic methods of ISP computation, spectral mixture analysis and the machine study model, a sample library-based ISP model was established. Research on the main technical method, including the establishment of a training sample set, model application strategy, and repair at the sub-pixel level was introduced. (3) An impervious updated model at a temporal scale was established. The model uses pre-existing impervious information to extract updated information on images from other periods. The information in the unchanged area was used to infer and update the attribute information in the changed area, which analyzed the information at a multi-temporal scale. Using the Jiulong river basin as an example, the extraction of ISA information at the non-point pollution source pattern in 2010 was achieved. Renewing and spatial analyses were also conducted in 2000 and 2005. The obtained results demonstrated that ISA increased by 33.38% from 2000 to 2010.

Number of references:30

Main heading:River pollution

Controlled terms:Information retrieval - Pixels - Pollution - Remote sensing - Repair - Rural areas - Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms:Attribute information - Impervious surface area - Jiulong River - Pixel classification - Spatial informations - Spatio-temporal character - Spectral mixture analysis - Updated informations

Classification code:913.5 Maintenance - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453 Water Pollution - 444.1 Surface Water

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.025

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431087

Title:Comparison of different de-noising methods in vocalization environment of laying hens including fan noise

Authors:Cao, Yanfei (1); Teng, Guanghui (1); Yu, Ligen (1); Li, Qiaowei (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Corresponding author:Teng, G.(futong@cau.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:212-218

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Vocalization, which plays an important role in the communication of many animals, could be regarded as an easy way to evaluate the current needs of animals and their state of impaired welfare by non-invasive and continuous monitoring. Modern techniques of sound analysis have provided tools for the quantitative description and statistical analysis of animal vocalization. However, a farmer always regulates the temperature and exchanges fresh air through mechanical ventilation in a poultry house, so that there is often low-frequency fan noise which can complicate the time-frequency features of poultry sound. In order to extract useful sound signals from the laying hens' sounds including fan noise, a digitized sound acquisition platform was built to record the pure sounds of laying hens (Hy-Line Variety Brown), the simple fan noise, and the mixed sounds of them both separately. All data processing and analysis were completed in LabVIEW. First, the time-frequency features of the pure sounds of laying hens, the simple fan noise, and the mixed sounds were analyzed in turn. Then the analog signals of different signal to noise ratios (SNR) were constructed by using the clean sounds of laying hens and fan noise. Finally, the effects of removing fan noise from the analog sound and field sound of laying hens were compared by 2 filters (Infinite Impulse Response, IIR, and Finite Impulse Response, FIR) and 3 wavelet de-noising methods (Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimation, SURE, Universal and Minimax). The results showed that although the characteristic parameters of laying hens' vocalization at different growth stages and in different rearing environments were disparate, the main frequency range of the sound of laying hens in the laying period was about 400-2500 Hz, while the frequency range of fan noise was under 600 Hz. Root mean square errors (RMSE) of the filters under different SNRs were larger than that of the wavelet de-noising methods. The RMSE of the IIR filter was less than that of the FIR filter, which means that the band pass filter of IIR had a better filtering effect than that of FIR. The RMSE of the wavelet de-noising method based on SURE was at a minimum in three wavelet de-noising methods, which means that the wavelet de-noising method using SURE for threshold selection yielded better de-noising performance than that of using the others for threshold selection.

Number of references:28

Main heading:Acoustic noise

Controlled terms:Animals - Fans - IIR filters - Impulse response - Mean square error - Risk perception - Signal processing - Signal to noise ratio - Ventilation

Uncontrolled terms:Data processing and analysis - Different growth stages - Finite-impulse response - Infinite impulse response - Laying hens - Quantitative description - Vocalization - Wavelet denoising

Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 731.1 Control Systems - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 703.2 Electric Filters - 643.5 Ventilation - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 408.1 Structural Design, General

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.028

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431071

Title:Mechanical properties of peanut peg after digging and drying

Authors:Guan, Meng (1); Shen, Yongzhe (1); Gao, Lianxing (1); Zhao, Baoquan (1); Liu, Weiwei (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China

Corresponding author:Gao, L.(lianxing_gao@126.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:87-93

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:In the northern and especially northeastern areas of China, it is so quite pleasantly cool and dry in the autumn that farmers used to cure peanuts in the field for some days after digging in order to decrease the mass of the peanut plants, and more easily transport and pick up the crop. It indicated that the two-stage harvest might be more suitable to peanut production in the north and northeast areas of China. Based on the viewpoint and theory of combining machinery with agronomy, the main peanut varieties in the western of Liaoning were selected as test materials, the variances of moisture content, and mechanical properties of peanut stems and pegs accompanying the change of curing days were studied by means of an infrared moisture meter and a universal bio-material testing machine. During the test, the curing days of peanut plants in the field after digging was selected as the basic variable, and more than seven days as the time span. The moisture contents of peanut stem and peg, and the tensile strength of the peg and its nodes were measured. The change rules of moisture content of peanut plants during the curing process in the field were obtained, which showed that the change rules of three kinds of peanuts were very similar i.e. the moisture content of the peanut stem and peg dropped rapidly with the extension of curing time in the early drying time (previous two days), and then the moisture content decreased slowly. The change rules of moisture content of peanut plants change tended to be an asymptote from the third curing day, when the moisture contents of the peanut stem and peg were almost no longer dropping, and finally settled around 9%. The moisture content of the peanut peg and its two nodes ranged from 8.48% to 65.68%, and the changes of tensile strength and moisture content in the three kinds of peanuts were quite similar. In the whole curing process, the tensile strength of the peanut peg was always highest, the tensile strength of the peanut-peg node was lowest, and the tensile strength of the stem-peg node was in the middle. The tensile strength of the three key positions of the peg all changed with the moisture content. And the tensile strength of the fresh peanut plants with high moisture content were highest, the tensile strength of peanut peg and its two nodes decreased rapidly in the early curing time, and then dropped slowed until it gradually tended to a constant value. The regression equation of the tensile strength and the moisture content of the peg and its two nodes as obtained by the method of SPSS software were that the fitting coefficient of stem-peg node tensile strength was 0.9891, the fitting coefficient of peanut-peg node tensile strength was 0.9974, and the fitting coefficient of peanut peg tensile strength was 0.9966. And under the experimental condition, the optimal curing days before picking up was preliminarily determined to be 3~5 d, and the corresponding moisture content of the peanut peg ranged from 10% to 20%, the tensile strength of peanut peg and stem-peg node ranged from 10 N to15 N, and the corresponding tensile strength of peanut-peg node ranged from 7 N to 9 N. The above study results could be used as important references to design a picker and thresher of peanuts and to determine the optimal picking time, as well as deeply research the mechanisms of picking up and threshing with less loss of dropping and damage.

Number of references:26

Main heading:Oilseeds

Controlled terms:Agriculture - Curing - Diamond cutting tools - Drying - Harvesters - Machinery - Mechanical properties - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization - Polyethylene glycols - Tensile strength

Uncontrolled terms:Basic variables - Constant values - Experimental conditions - Fitting coefficient - High moisture contents - Peanut - Regression equation - Testing machine

Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 951 Materials Science - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 601 Mechanical Design - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 642.1 Process Heating

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.012

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431064

Title:Mechanical efficiency of diesel engine based on pressure measurements of all cylinders

Authors:Du, Wei (1); Zhao, Qinglong (1); Liu, Fushui (1)

Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Corresponding author:Liu, F.(fushui_liu@bit.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:31-37

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The mechanical efficiency of a diesel engine is of great importance as an indicator to evaluate the mechanical loss. It also has a significant impact on economic performance and dynamic performance for the diesel engine. Many scholars have done a lot of work on the measurement of the mechanical efficiency of the multi-cylinder engine. In addition to the numerical calculation with computers, the traditional measurement method of mechanical efficiency common used by scholars can be summarized into four types as follows: an indicated diagram based on one cylinder pressure data, power measured under a motoring condition, the fuel cut method, and a fuel consumption characteristic curve. For the non-uniformity on the structure, intake airflows, fuel injection, and combustion process on the multi-cylinder engine, some errors, without considering the difference of indicated work between different cylinders on the condition of different engine speeds and loads, can be seen for the traditional measurement method of mechanical efficiency based on the pressure data of one cylinder. In this paper, the research object for mechanical efficiency chosen was a V-type turbocharged diesel engine with eight-cylinders. The pressure data of all cylinders was measured at different engine speeds and loads respectively by using the instantaneous pressure sensor of KISTLER and the combustion analyzer of DEWETRON. All cylinder pressure data was measured at the speeds of 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700, 1900, and 2100 r/min with relevant loads while the diesel engine was working in the steady state. To ensure the accuracy of the measurements, the pressure data were collected once each 1 crank angle. In each case, the combustion analyzer would average the cylinder pressure data that was collected continuously over 50 cycles. Then the indicated work of all cylinders and the total indicated power for the engine would be obtained by computing the average cylinder pressure data which can largely eliminate the effects of any cycle by cycle variation. Furthermore, the non-uniformity of performed work of the engine was analyzed on the basis of all of the cylinders' indicated work. Meanwhile, the mechanical efficiency and its fluctuation rules under different speeds and different loads could be obtained with the effective power tested by the eddy current dynamometer. It can be concluded that the indicated work of different cylinders at the same case is largely different from each other, which means the non-uniformity of the performed work of the engine changed significantly. Based on the analysis of the data, it can be induced that the non-uniformity of the performed work of the engine was reduced with effective power increasing. The application of the full cylinder pressure measurement and the calculation method of mechanical efficiency can avoid measurement errors caused by the non-uniformity of the engine and improve the accuracy of the results. At the same speed, the mechanical efficiency of an engine increases as the power increases, which can be curved as a cubic polynomial relationship between the two factors. In the case where the power remains constant, the mechanical efficiency of the diesel engine increases as the speed decreases, which can be curved as an approximate linear relationship between the factors.

Number of references:28

Main heading:Engine cylinders

Controlled terms:Combustion - Cylinders (shapes) - Diesel engines - Eddy current testing - Efficiency - Engines - Pressure - Pressure measurement - Speed

Uncontrolled terms:Cycle by cycle variation - Cylinder pressure data - Eddy current dynamometer - Fuel consumption characteristics - Indicate power - Instantaneous pressures - Mechanical efficiency - Turbocharged diesel engine

Classification code:944.4 Pressure Measurements - 931.1 Mechanics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 612 Engines - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.005

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431063

Title:Identification of noise source for diesel engine based on microphone array technology

Authors:Chu, Zhigang (1); Cai, Pengfei (1); Jiang, Zhonghan (1); Shen, Linbang (1); Yang, Yang (3)

Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (3) Faculty of Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China

Corresponding author:Chu, Z.(zgchu@cqu.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:23-30

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Noise source identification is essential for the reduction of engine noises. The medium and high frequency noise sources can be significantly identified by the Beamforming method, but the low frequency noise source identification results are not satisfactory. The statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (SONAH) method is suitable for low frequency noise source identification; however, the error is large for high frequency noise source identification. In order to identify the noise source of a diesel engine accurately and provide a clear direction for further low noise improvement, the most prominent inlet side noise source of the diesel engine was identified, combining Beamforming and the SONAH sound source identification methods. In the experiment, the distance between the measurement array and the engine surface was 1 m with the Beamforming method, while the SONAH measurement distance was 0.25 m. The sound power spectrum and the sound intensity contour maps were analyzed. The sound intensity contour maps produced by the Beamforming method showed that the acoustical center of 920-1450 Hz frequency band appeared in the fuel injector position, indicating that the injector was the main noise source in this frequency band. And in 1650-2200 Hz frequency band, the acoustical center mainly focused on the top of the intake manifold, and the sound intensity contour lines attenuated slowly upward. Therefore, it can be concluded that part of the noise comes from the intake manifold, and that the others come from the cylinder head cover. The sound intensity contour maps produced by the SONAH method showed that the first acoustical center of the 760-776 Hz frequency band appeared in the lower right of the white casing, and that the second one appeared in the oil pump governor, while for the 920-936 Hz frequency, it mainly appeared in the oil pump governor. Analysis showed that the white casing was used to cut off the oil pump shaft noise so that the noise leaked from the lower right corner gaps due to bad sealing performance. So the oil pump shaft was the true noise source in the 760-776 Hz frequency band, and the oil pump governor was the main noise source in the 920-936 Hz frequency band. Further acoustical contribution analysis results showed that the sound power contribution of the intake manifold to the inlet side noise source was 15.38%, the sound power contribution of the fuel injector and the oil pump governor were 5.47% and 5.11%, respectively, and the cylinder head cover and the oil pump drive shaft corresponded to 4.85% and 4.26%, respectively. In conclusion, a noise source within a wide band can be identified with high precision by combining the advantages of Beamforming and SONAH, and the test is simple and easy to use.

Number of references:32

Main heading:Acoustic noise

Controlled terms:Acoustic intensity - Automobile engine manifolds - Beamforming - Cylinder heads - Diesel engines - Engines - Frequency bands - Fuel injection - Governors - Identification (control systems) - Optimization - Spurious signal noise

Uncontrolled terms:Contribution analysis - High-frequency noise - Low-frequency noise sources - Medium and high frequencies - Near-field acoustical holography - Noise source identification - Sound power spectrum - Sound source identification

Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 751.2 Acoustic Properties of Materials - 732 Control Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 713 Electronic Circuits - 661.2 Automotive Engine Components - 612 Engines - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.004

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431074

Title:Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on water consumption, hay yield and quality of alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation

Authors:Kou, Dan (1); Su, Derong (1); Wu, Di (2); Li, Yan (1)

Author affiliation:(1) Center for Grassland Resources and Ecology Research, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China

Corresponding author:Su, D.(suderong@bjfu.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:116-123

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) are two of the most water-saving irrigation technologies nowadays. In order to study effects of regulated deficit irrigation on forage water consumption, hay yield and quality of alfalfa under subsurface drip irrigation, a field experiment was carried out in 2012 at Shiyang River Drainage Basin, northwest of China. Alfalfa used for the experiment is the second cutting of the establishment year, and the cutting is separated into 3 periods, including pre-branching period, branching period and squaring period. There are seven irrigation treatments in the experiment design. Four of the seven treatments are regulated in whole growth period, lower irrigation limits respectively 70% FC (field capacity), 60% FC (field capacity), 50% FC (field capacity), 40% FC (field capacity), and three are regulated in different growth periods, lower irrigation limits of pre-branching period, branching period and squaring period of different treatment respectively (50%, 50%, 70%)FC, (60%, 60%, 70%)FC, (70%, 70%, 50%)FC. When the soil water content arrives to the designed lower irrigation limit, each plot starts to irrigate. Irrigation amount is 20mm every time. According to these treatments, the effect on water consumption, hay yield and quality of alfalfa of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) are studied. The results show with the deterioration of the water deficit degree, alfalfa yield, water consumption, stem/leaf ratio and yield of crude protein (CP) decrease while WUE (water use efficiency) and content of the crude protein (CP) increase, and 60? is a critical value. When the lower irrigation limits are higher than 60?, hay yield of alfalfa decrease non-significantly, however, when lower than 60?, hay yield decrease significantly. While RDI (regulated deficit irrigation) is taken in the whole growth period, squaring period>branching period>pre-branching period appears in water consumption rate during different periods of alfalfa. And this law is more and more significant with the increasing of the water deficit degree. When RDI (regulated deficit irrigation) is taken in branching period, water consumption rate of alfalfa have apparent compensation effect after sufficient irrigation in squaring period. Compared with regulating deficit in squaring period, taking RDI (regulated deficit irrigation) in pre-branching and branching period is more conducive to improve alfalfa quality by reducing stem/leaf ratio and improving content of crude protein (CP) and yield of crude protein. When lower irrigation limits of pre-branching period, branching period and squaring period are 60?, 60? and 70? respectively, alfalfa has the highest crude protein yield (846.11 kg/hm2). This study reveals the effects of RDI on water consumption, yield and quality of alfalfa under SDI and provides an experimental base of high quality, high yield and water saving in alfalfa industry in arid areas.

Number of references:22

Main heading:Water management

Controlled terms:Arid regions - Evapotranspiration - Experiments - Irrigation - Proteins - Quality control - Soil moisture - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water supply

Uncontrolled terms:Alfalfa - RDI - Regulated deficit irrigation - SDI - Subsurface drip irrigation - Water consumption rate - Water-saving irrigation - Yield

Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 446 Waterworks

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.015

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431092

Title:Finite element analysis on fruit temperature fields based on postharvest disinfestations with hot air and water treatments

Authors:Huang, Zhi (1); Yan, Rongjun (1); Li, Rui (1); Zhu, Hankun (1); Ling, Bo (1); Wang, Shaojin (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, United States

Corresponding author:Wang, S.(shaojinwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:252-259

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:Hot air and hot water heating have been extensively studied as effective physical treatment methods to replace chemical fumigation for controlling insect pests in fruits and vegetables because of environmental benefit and easy control. However, it is lack of systematic research on heating rate, heating time and temperature distribution, the insect mortality requirement is not met or fruit quality is negatively affected. To study the heat transfer mechanism of postharvest fruit heat treatment process, a computer simulation model was developed to analyze the heating rate and the transient temperature distribution in thermally treated fruits using finite element-based commercial software, COMSOL, based on the unsteady heat transfer. a set of differential equations that govern heat transfer in fruits was reduced into a group of algebra equations in the simulation model. The measured surface and center temperatures of fruits during hot air and water heating were compared against to the results obtained from the finite element simulation. The root mean square error between simulated and measured temperatures was all below 8%. The comparison analysis showed that the simulation results were in good agreement with the measured values, which indicates the reliability of the simulation model. With the validated simulation model, the impacts of various parameters on heating rates were systematically studied using forced hot air and water treatments. To reach the same thermal effect, hot water (55°C) heating time was about 30% in hot air (55°C) treatments. Water was more efficient medium than air. Increasing air speed increased heating rates, but water circulation speeds had little impact on heat transfer rate. The most important parameters in the model included the fruit size, fruit shape and the heating medium followed by the heating medium speed and thermal diffusivity. This study demonstrated that the computer simulation model can be used to evaluate the impacts of various heating parameters on the temperature-time history in fruits. These parameters include fruit size, fruit shape, heating medium speed, and thermal diffusivity. Combining the hot air or hot water treatment with the fast heating method, e.g. radio frequency or microwave energy, further improves the fruit heating efficiency since electromagnetic energy may eliminate conduction as a major rate-limiting factor directly delivered to the fruit interior. Furthermore, when combined with insect mortality and quality kinetic information, the model can be used to support for the heat treatment process and optimize the process parameters in postharvest thermal disinfestations.

Number of references:32

Main heading:Fruits

Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Differential equations - Electromagnetic waves - Finite element method - Heating - Heating rate - Insect control - Mean square error - Reliability analysis - Temperature distribution - Water

Uncontrolled terms:Computer simulation model - Finite element simulations - Heat transfer mechanism - Heat treatment process - Hot air - Hot water - Root mean square errors - Transient temperature distributions

Classification code:921.2 Calculus - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 731.1 Control Systems - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 444 Water Resources - 711 Electromagnetic Waves

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.033

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431066

Title:Optimal design of runner blade in bulb turbine base on multidisciplinary feasible method

Authors:Zhu, Guojun (1); Guo, Pengcheng (1); Luo, Xingqi (1); Qi, Guoqing (1)

Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydropower Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China

Corresponding author:Guo, P.(guoyicheng@126.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:47-55

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The design of a hydro turbine's runner involves many disciplines, such as fluid, structure, strength and so on. As the hydro turbine's capacity increases, the owner of a power plant has strengthened the demand for the turbine's stability. But the traditional sequence design method has difficulty meeting the demand of the design requirements. So it is necessary to establish a new optimization design method called the multidisciplinary design optimization method, which can consider the interaction of each discipline. At present, the optimal design method of a hydro turbine's runner still can not combine each discipline perfectly in design process. It is necessary to carry out the research about multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) design method of hydro turbine's runner. Based on the research findings of other fields about multidisciplinary optimization, this paper draws the MDO design method into hydro turbine's runner design, and carries out a preliminary study on the turbine runner's MDO design method. On the basis of design characteristics of a hydro turbine, an optimization design system has been established according to the multidisciplinary method in this paper. This optimization design system could improve the runner blade's hydraulic performance and structural strength simultaneously. In addition, a parameterized module based on the Bezier curve, auto mesh module, computational fluid dynamic module, and finite element analysis module were integrated in the system. The system automatically completes geometry modeling, mesh generation, and multidisciplinary performance analysis. This system uses the geometric shape parameters of a runner blade as optimization variables, and the hydraulic efficiency and maximum stress of runner blade were used as objective functions. The NSGA-II algorithm was used to carry out the optimization. In order to reduce the time of optimization and increase this method's practicability, the calculation method of weak coupling was used for multidisciplinary analysis during optimization. After the multidisciplinary optimization system had been built, a bulb model turbine's runner was optimized using this system. After optimization, the Pareto solution was selected as the optimum solution. The optimum solution was then compared with the initial blade. The comparison results showed that after optimization, the efficiency of blade in optimum operating conditions had been improved 0.3%, and the maximum static stress on blade had been decreased 16.3%. The stress gradient on blade became more uniform, which showed that the optimum blade has better stress performance. In order to comprehensively compare the optimum blade with the initial, performance of initial and optimum blade in other conditions was also calculated and compared. The comparison showed that the optimum blade not only performs better in optimum conditions, but also performs better in other conditions. The comparison results verify that the idea of multidisciplinary optimization design of a hydro turbine runner is feasible, and the optimization system is effective.

Number of references:21

Main heading:Optimization

Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Design - Design aids - Efficiency - Geometry - Hydraulic motors - Hydraulic turbines - Optimal systems - Turbines

Uncontrolled terms:Bulb - Multi-disciplinary analysis - Multi-disciplinary optimizations - Multidisciplinary design optimization - Multidisciplinary feasible method - Multidisciplinary MDF strategy - Multidisciplinary optimization design - Optimum operating conditions

Classification code:617.1 Hydraulic Turbines - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.007

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431062

Title:Dynamic visual experiment on in-cylinder spray and combustion of common-rail diesel engine

Authors:Ning, Haiqiang (1); Sun, Ping (1); Mei, Deqing (1); Hu, Peng (1); Xiao, Shumei (1)

Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Zhenjiang Watercraft College, Zhenjiang 212003, China

Corresponding author:Ning, H.(doc_nhq@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:17-22

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:In order to conduct research on the in-cylinder spray and combustion of an electrically controlled high pressure common-rail diesel engine, taking one high pressure common-rail diesel engine as the research object, a multifunctional dynamic visual experimental device was designed, which was used to collect in-cylinder dynamic combustion process images. On this basis, the intake port of the diesel engine was improved, and the fresh air was replaced by industrial purity nitrogen, so that the real-time dynamic multiple spray images were collected under single cylinder misfiring conditions. The study illustrated that the multiple injections-pre-injection, main injection, and post injection-can be clearly observed, including at the injection time, spray cone angle, and in the atomization situation. The pre-injection occurred at the -25° crankshaft angle, and the duration was about 5° crank angle. At this stage, the quantity of fuel injection was less, and the atomization was not obvious. The main injection occurred at the -10° crankshaft angle, and the duration was about 10° crankshaft angle. There was a large amount of fuel ejected from the nozzle, and the penetration force was strong. The spray cone angle and a significant oil beam could clearly be observed, which expanded to the bottom of the piston "ω" crown in line. The post injection occurred at the 8° crankshaft angle, the injection duration was shorter, and the amount of fuel injection was less, however, the atomization effect was obvious because of the higher temperature of the cylinder at this stage. In addition, when the diesel engine ignited, the flame center formation and flame propagation process could be captured in real time under different working conditions. The fuel spray was not fully discrete and mixed with air partly at the initial in-cylinder ignition time, which was the so-called pre-mixing ignition and occurred at -15°--4° crankshaft angle. Near the TDC, the flame quickly spread and filled the combustion chamber fully along with the air flowing. Compared with the in-cylinder combustion image under rated conditions, the ignition time under idling conditions was delayed about 5° crankshaft angle, the flame occupied area was smaller, and there was lower brightness. The study provided a lot of in-cylinder information and experimental measurement means for research on the in-cylinder spray and combustion of an electronically controlled common-rail diesel engine, and the spray and combustion simulation results could also be verified by these experiments.

Number of references:24

Main heading:Diesel engines

Controlled terms:Air intakes - Atomization - Combustion - Combustion chambers - Cylinders (shapes) - Dynamics - Experiments - Flow visualization - Fuel injection - Spraying

Uncontrolled terms:Combustion pro-cess - Common rail - Experimental devices - In-cylinder combustion - Injection durations - Penetration forces - Real-time dynamics - Spray and combustion

Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 931.1 Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 612.2 Diesel Engines

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.003

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431067

Title:Research on base vibration of centrifugal pump by phase space reconstruction

Authors:Jiang, Ai'hua (1); Zhou, Pu (1); Zhang, Yi (1); Hua, Hongxing (2)

Author affiliation:(1) 704 Research Institution, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 200031, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author:Hua, H.(hhx@sjtu.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:56-62

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:The identification of the number of the parameters that mainly influence the vibration of a centrifugal pump base is good for the classification of all the parameters concerned with the centrifugal pump system into different levels and guiding the design of a low-vibration centrifugal pump base. A centrifugal pump test bench which isolates vibration from motor for driving and pipeline for water transferring, as well as background vibration, was built by installing a contactless electromagnetic clutch between the motor and the centrifugal pump, and by mounting corrugated pipe between the centrifugal pump and the pipeline. The vibration displacements of four testing points which are on the same centrifugal pump base plane that is vertical to the symmetry plane of volute were gained by a LMS data acquisition system and four eddy current displacement sensors. Mutual information of a time series about each of the four vibration displacements were computed by the Tisean 3.0 toolbox with a Fraser mutual information algorithm when the data length of the time series segments were 10240, 20480, and 30720 respectively. Then the optimal time delay corresponded to the first minimal of mutual information. Based on these optimal time delays, the embedding dimensions of the four time series were also determined by Tisean 3.0 with a False Nearest Neighbors algorithm when the data lengths of each segment of the four time series were 10240, 20480, and 30720 respectively. Finally,, the phase space reconstruction of the four time series about centrifugal pump base vibrations are carried out respectively, which was based on their optimal time delays and embedding dimensions, so as to validate the accuracy of the time delays and embedding dimensions. The results indicated that the time area vibration signals of different measuring points on the same plane of centrifugal pump base were certainly not the same, but they shared the same optimal time delay and the same embedding dimensions for phase space reconstruction. The reconstruction of phase space to confirm the effect factors of the base vibration by a displacement series has stability, because the same optimal time delay and embedding dimensions can be gained by vibration displacement series segments with different data lengths. Attractors, which show that the system made up by centrifugal and its base, owns an established vibration regulation, definitely exists in the reconstructed phase spaces of a vibration displacement of points on a centrifugal pump base. The main parameters which influenced vibration of the built centrifugal pump test bench were not more than 4, because the embedding dimensions of a vibration displacement time series are 4.

Number of references:29

Main heading:Centrifugal pumps

Controlled terms:Algorithms - Bearings (structural) - Eddy current testing - Optimization - Phase space methods - Pipelines - Time delay - Time series

Uncontrolled terms:Data acquisition system - Eddy current displacement sensors - False nearest neighbor - Mutual informations - Phase space reconstruction - Reconstructed phase space - Reconstruction of phase spaces - Vibrations

Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 713 Electronic Circuits - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 618.2 Pumps - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.008

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431089

Title:Analysis of carbon emission efficiency and optimization of low carbon for agricultural land intensive use

Authors:You, Heyuan (1); Wu, Cifang (2)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China; (2) Institute of Land Science and Property Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China

Corresponding author:Wu, C.(wucifang@zju.edu.cn)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:224-234

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:There is a dilemma between raising the intensive use level of agricultural land and controlling carbon emissions from agricultural land use. Carbon emissions from agricultural land use can be considered as a cost, and the suitable intensive use level of agricultural land should acquire a good efficiency of carbon emissions from agricultural land use. First, an assessment model for evaluating agricultural land use intensity was established in this article, and the input-output indices of agricultural land intensive use were selected. The input-output indices of agricultural land intensive use were composed of labor input per unit of agricultural land, capital input per unit of agricultural land, technique input per unit of agricultural land, value-added of agriculture per unit of agricultural land, grain products per unit of agricultural land, income from household business per unit of agricultural land, and ammonia-nitrogen emission from agriculture per unit of agricultural land. Secondly, the intensity values of agricultural land intensive use in 31 provinces were computed. Thirdly, based on a slacks-based measure model, the input-output indices were established. The input-output indices applied in the slacks-based measure model were composed of labor input per unit of agricultural land, capital input per unit of agricultural land, technique input per unit of agricultural land, value-added of agriculture per ton of carbon emission, grain products per ton of carbon emission, income from household business per ton of carbon emission, and ammonia-nitrogen emission from agriculture per ton of carbon emission. Fourthly, this article calculated the total efficiency values, technical efficiency values, and scale efficiency values of carbon emission from agricultural land intensive use in 31 provinces and designed an input-output optimization of agricultural land intensive use. Lastly, low-carbon optimization strategies for agricultural land use in provinces whose total efficiencies of carbon emission were inefficient were put forward. The results showed that: 1) Consistency between agricultural land use intensity and its efficiency of carbon emissions does not exist widely in China, and the provinces whose intensity values of agricultural land use are large are mainly located in eastern China and the traditional farming zone. 2) The provinces whose total efficiencies of carbon emission from agricultural land intensive use are DEA efficient were mainly distributed in western China, and the total efficiencies of provinces in the Yangtze Delta, the Zhujiang Delta and Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis which are in an economically developed area are widely low. 3) The main reason for the low total efficiency was the imperfect technical efficiency of carbon emissions from agricultural land intensive use, and the imperfect scale efficiency had little effect on the low total efficiency. 4) In order to improve the total efficiency of carbon emissions from agricultural land intensive use, some measures should be adopted according to the local features of agricultural land use and the economy. These measures mainly consist of transferring agricultural labor, controlling carbon sources input, developing low-carbon and high-output agriculture, etc. Effective measures can be applied to control the carbon emissions from agricultural land use, and also can be added to the good outputs which contain added value of agriculture, grain output, and income from increased household business. of course, the emissions of ammonia nitrogen discharged from agriculture can also be reduced by improving agricultural land use.

Number of references:31

Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Carbon - Cost effectiveness - Efficiency - Land use - Neutron emission - Nitrogen - Optimization

Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural land - Agricultural land use - Carbon emission efficiencies - Efficiency analysis - Low carbon - Optimization strategy - Slacks-based measure models - Technical efficiency

Classification code:932.1 High Energy Physics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.1 Production Engineering - 912.3 Operations Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.030

Database:Compendex

Accession number:20141017431082

Title:Segmentation algorithm of muskmelon fruit with complex background

Authors:Wang, Yude (1); Zhang, Xuezhi (1)

Author affiliation:(1) College of Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China

Corresponding author:Wang, Y.(wyude-01@163.com)

Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume:30

Issue:2

Issue date:January 15, 2014

Publication year:2014

Pages:176-181

Language:Chinese

ISSN:10026819

CODEN:NGOXEO

Document type:Journal article (JA)

Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of muskmelon fruit image segmentation under a complex background, an algorithm of image segmentation based on fusing color feature and texture feature was proposed in this paper. First, the collected muskmelon fruit images were transformed from RGB color space to CIELAB color space and HSV space respectively. According to the color characteristics of muskmelon fruit, the collected images were binarized using the threshold of angle model that was set up in using a*b* components in CIELAB color space. To reduce the influence of the uneven illumination distribution of segmentation, the H S components segmentation threshold was selected to binarize the collected images. Converging the results of the angle model segmentation and the HS weighted threshold segmentation, the results were obtained based on color feature segmentation. Then, the image texture features were extracted and the binarization images were obtained by using texture feature threshold. The segmentation results were achieved by fusing the texture features and the color feature segmentation result. Finally, taking the fruit color feature segmentation area as the qualification, the final segmentation results were obtained by binding growth based on the segmentation area that were obtained by fusing color features and texture features. In order to evaluate the effect of proposed algorithm, the collected images were segmented using the super green threshold algorithm and the NDI algorithm and the results were gained. The average detection rate of three algorithms were 83.24%, 43.12% and 99.09%, respectively. Comparing the results of the detection rate and false detection rate, the experimental results of the proposed algorithm were superior to super green feature segmentation and normalized difference index (NDI) segmentation algorithm.

Number of references:24

Main heading:Image segmentation

Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Color image processing - Feature extraction - Fruits - Image fusion - Image texture - Textures

Uncontrolled terms:Color characteristics - Normalized difference indices - Segmentation algorithms - Segmentation results - Segmentation threshold - Threshold algorithms - Threshold segmentation - Uneven illuminations

Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 933 Solid State Physics

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.023

Database:Compendex

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