<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20140517248378
Title:Development and experiment of blooming video monitoring system based on key frame extraction method
Authors:Gao, Lin (1); Wang, Lu (1); Yan, Lei (1); Zhang, Junguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Gao, L.(gaolin0215@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:121-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The drawback to original video of the blooming process is that it contains a large amount of data and redundant information. In order to provide researchers with a video for monitoring which is endowed with a high compression ratio, small amount of data, rich growth detailed information and natural fluency, a blooming video monitoring system based on a key frame extraction method was developed in this paper. System hardware included: one Personal Computer, Central Processing unit: Intel &reg; CPU T2300@1.66GHz, 1.24 G memory, one Microsoft high-definition cameras HD-3000?one shading carton box, and one DC LED lamp, etc., software development environment: WinXP Operating System, Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Professional, OpenCV2.0. This system can be divided into five function modules: image acquisition module, core algorithm module, key frames judgment module, data storage examine module, and video composition preview module. The core of the system is the key frame retrieval method. This method is based on the flower growth characteristics. For example, the background for each shot is fixed in the blooming process, the color information distribution change little, and the relative movement for the different parts of flower in the blooming process is clear. In this paper, the author conducts research on a key frame retrieval method based on optical flow and entropy statistics for blooming video. Experiments showed that the sensitive details can be collected from the flower blooming process, then those key frames collected can be composed into video with detailed information about the flower blooming, and the video is smooth. When the system is in the practical application, first, we need to obtain the original video of the blooming process. Then according to the flower growth characteristics, we extract key frames using a method of optical flow and entropy statistics for the obtained original video. This system includes two different key frames judgment modes: number of key frames mode and orientation information entropy threshold mode. When a certain mode is chosen and the relevant parameter is set, then the key frame video composition can be completed with this system. Finally, it can compose a key frame video preview about the blooming process. In this paper, the lilies open process was taken as an example and three video capture experiments were conducted by choosing different lilies at different time. These achieved video monitoring based on the key frame retrieval method. Experiment results proved by the key frame extraction method showed that the blooming process video retained the flowers blooming details naturally because of a small amount of data (it could reduce to above 84.6% of the original video data in the experiments.). The system can provide the relevant personnel a time-saving (it is only about 15.4% below of the original video playback time in the experiments.) and convenient monitoring platform about the blooming process.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Experiments
Controlled terms:Compression ratio (machinery) - Computer vision - Digital television - Entropy - Information retrieval - Light emitting diodes - Monitoring - Optical flows - Personal computers - Program processors  - Signal processing - Video recording - Video signal processing - Windows operating system
Uncontrolled terms:Growth characteristic - High compression ratio - Key frame retrievals - Key frames - Orientation information - Software development environment - Video monitoring - Video monitoring systems
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 901.3 Engineering Research - 741.2 Vision - 741.1 Light/Optics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 618.1 Compressors
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20140517248382
Title:Distribution design method for LED plant light source with tunable ratio of red /blue photons
Authors:Liu, Tong (1); Liu, Wen (1); Ma, Jianshe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shenzhen Key Laboratory of LED, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Corresponding author:Ma, J.(mjs888@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:154-159
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The current trend of using artificial light in horticulture applications is to use light emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of traditional light sources such as the High Pressure Sodium (HPS), Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH), or fluorescent lights. Compared with the traditional light sources, LED lights provide the following benefits: a narrow spectrum band, low operating temperature, low voltage, long lifetime, and physical robustness. There are two main basic measurement methods to evaluate the result of plant lighting: Photosynthetic Active Radiation watts (PAR watts) and Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF), which are both objective. Recognizing the lack of a systematic methodology in the optical design of LED horticulture light, this paper proposed a design method for LED horticulture lights with tunable light qualities. The mathematical model of efficient photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) distribution over the full light spectrum was established, which governs the quantum ratio of red and blue components to adjust in a specified range, such as from 4.0 to 9.0. To realize a full spectrum of visible light, we chose a mixed light of white and red LEDs, in which the light components were much richer than the blue and red combination commonly adopted in LED horticulture applications. For a given requirement of light quality, with a specific range of intensity and ratio of red and blue components best suitable for the photosynthesis of a specific plant, the optical design procedure was as follows First, we made a choice of the LED lamp type. Usually a white LED type and a red LED type were selected, in case of the error caused by effect of an unknown spectral component, which was a non-primary object of study in the experiment. Then, the light intensities over whole spectrum of the LEDs were measured with a spectrophotometer (Everfine Photo-E-INFO CO., LTD., Hangzhou) to get spectral concentration sheets, which could tell the PAR watts value in specific spectral range. From the light intensities recorded, the total PPF of red and blue components can be computed by the integral of the light intensity over the two wavelength range (i. e. 610 nm-720 nm for red light and 400 nm-510 nm for blue light). By constraining the total PPF of the illuminated area, our optical design model could be applied to calculate the total number of LED lamps of each type (as used in this paper, the white and red lamps), and their layout on the light panel. Experimental statistics were set by Matlab as fundamental data in an illuminant lighting system. If the optimization solution was not so ideal, we could change some elements of this mathematical model, such as the type of LED, the ratio of the LED numbers, or adding another type of LED. There are also other factors that should be considered, such as luminous efficiency, cost, electric power, etc. This paper used an example to illustrate the optical design procedure proposed, and the experimental result showed that the designed LED lighting panel could adjust its light quality with the ratio of red and blue light components from 4.0 to 9.0 (in terms of PPF, mu;mol/s) and at the same time, maintain the total PPF to a constant value.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Light emitting diodes
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Flow rate - Light - Light sources - Mathematical models - Optical design - Photons - Photosynthesis
Uncontrolled terms:Blue red ratio - Low operating temperature - Photosynthetic active radiations - Photosynthetic photon flux - Plant growth - Radiant energy - Spectral concentrations - Systematic methodology
Classification code:631 Fluid Flow - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20140517248386
Title:Land use optimization allocation based on multi-agent genetic algorithm
Authors:Yuan, Man (1); Liu, Yaolin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems, Ministry Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Y.(yaolin610@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:191-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in massive land-use changes in China over the past few decades, and the optimization of land-use allocation is an important method to ensure national socioeconomic security and to achieve sustainable development. Optimization of land-use allocation is a complex spatial optimization problem that involves allocating various land uses to specific units within a region. A purely local simulation model or a global optimization model is insufficient to optimize regional land-use allocation, and the dichotomy between these two models has polarized our abilities to avoid their shortcomings and generate desirable land-use patterns. It is essential to bridge the gap between the two models through the combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. This research proposes a coupled model for optimal land-use allocation by combining the modeling framework of a local simulation model with the computing framework of a global optimization model. This is achieved by integrating a MAS that simulates the behaviors of land-use stakeholders with regard to their choice of specific locations, with a GA that simultaneously evaluates and optimizes land-use patterns to meet various regional development objectives. The land-use spatial pattern, together with the socioeconomic properties in the GIS provided geographical, environmental, and other valuable information for use by the various land-use decision-making agents in the MAS. Due to its ability to simulate individual decision-making and the resulting interactions, the MAS has the potential to represent the aggregated outcomes of individual land-use allocation decisions. According to the hierarchy of regional land-use allocation in China, there are three major types of land-use stakeholder agents: the government, government departments, and residents. In accordance with regional objectives, the GA operates by algorithmically optimizing the land-use patterns that are grounded in the realm of MAS-simulated stakeholders' decisions. The gap between the MAS and GA is bridged through developing an integrated agent-genetic evolutionary process, which combines the genetic operations of the GA with the decision-making behaviors of the MAS. The Caidian District of Wuhan, China, is an area of rapid economic growth and a sensitive ecological environment, making it our choice of study area to test the model. The model was expected to reasonably allocate land use across spatial units in accordance with multiple objectives and constraints, and to optimize land use in terms of the quantity structure and spatial pattern. We selected Pareto fronts of the solutions to analyze the optimal land-use spatial patterns. The results showed that the optimal pattern developed by the model improved on the economic output, spatial compactness, and carbon storage of the current pattern and promoted sustainable regional land-use development from the local scale to the regional scale. The land-use conversion improved the quality of the arable land, increased the forest coverage, and improved the environment in rural residential areas. The spatial allocation of developed urban and rural land meets the requirement of intensive and economical land use. The spatial constraints of the natural habitat reserves improve the natural environment and protect natural resources from human disturbance. In addition, the model provides a spatially explicit tool for generating alternative land-use spatial patterns in accordance with regional development strategies.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Decision making - Economic and social effects - Economics - Genetic algorithms - Geographic information systems - Global optimization - Mathematical models - Multi agent systems - Optimization  - Regional planning - Structure (composition) - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Allocation - Decision-making behaviors - Ecological environments - Government departments - Regional development strategies - Rural residential areas - Sustainable use - Wuhan cities
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 912.2 Management - 971 Social Sciences - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 723.3 Database Systems - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723.5 Computer Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20140517248372
Title:Analysis and experiment on air-ejecting for improving wind speed of pneumatic extinguisher
Authors:Li, Linshu (1); Jiang, Meisheng (1); He, Yeneng (1); Zhao, Hongli (1); Wang, Shunxi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, S.(wsx68@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:55-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A portable pneumatic extinguisher is an effective device that has been widely used for forest and grassland fire extinguishing in China. In order to enhance the effective range and rate of discharge of portable pneumatic extinguishers, a new method to weaken air velocity attenuation by increasing the flow rate using an air ejector was proposed and investigated in this study. This research belongs to the category of subsonic air ejector. First, the turbulivity of air jet "c" has been updated to the value of 0.106 by experiments. It is necessary to use this factor for the calculation of air velocity where 2.5 m downstream from the centrifugal fan which defined as u<inf>2.5</inf>.Experimental and the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods are applied to investigate the influence on the performance of the air ejector. Three parameters were characterized: converging angle of entraining chamber &theta;; diameter of the mixing chamber D<inf>m</inf> and the nozzle position (NXP) S. Up to 240 different models were established and meshed by Gambit 2.3, and then simulated and calculated by Fluent 6.3 with the turbulence model of RNG k-epsilon. Consequently, 240 different results containing the flow rate of nozzle outlet cross-section mp, the entrainment flow rate me, the flow rate of the mixing chamber outlet cross-section mc, and the air velocity of a mixing chamber outlet cross-section uc were acquired. Based on this data, the response surfaces for u<inf>2.5</inf> and entrainment ratio that are used to investigate the interaction between D<inf>m</inf>, &theta; and S to u<inf>2.5</inf> and entrainment ratio were established. The results indicated that the parameters D<inf>m</inf> and &theta; have a great influence on u<inf>2.5</inf> and entrainment ratio. It was also demonstrated that the interaction between D<inf>m</inf> and &theta; is significant. However, parameter S gave a relatively delicate influence on u<inf>2.5</inf> and entrainment ratio, and also the interaction with the other parameters was weak. In addition, to find out the mechanism of interaction between D<inf>m</inf> and &theta;, three groups of different pressure fields have been investigated and compared as well. It indicates that a high value of &theta; (when &theta; &lt; 36.25&deg;) could create a relatively significant negative pressure zone in the mixing chamber, which requires a larger D<inf>m</inf> to provide sufficient air input, and as a consequence u<inf>2.5</inf> and entrainment ratio increase accordingly. Because of the negative pressure zone nearby the nozzle outlet, the effective power of the centrifugal fan and engine are both increased. The optimum value of &theta; is 36.25&deg;, and when D<inf>m</inf> equals to 144 mm, u<inf>2.5</inf> could reach the maximum value. The maximum u<inf>2.5</inf>, which was gained by experiments using an ejecting pneumatic extinguisher, was 36.4 m/s. Meanwhile, the value of u<inf>2.5</inf> could keep adding up as D<inf>m</inf> continued to increase, but the range of D<inf>m</inf> has been limited by the design and practical applicability of the portable pneumatic extinguisher.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Air ejectors
Controlled terms:Air - Air entrainment - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Experiments - Fans - Fire extinguishers - Flow rate - Mixing - Nozzles  - Pneumatics - Speed - Turbulence models - Wind - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Different pressures - Entrainment ratio - Forest and grassland fires - Interaction - Negative pressures - Response surface - Three parameters
Classification code:914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 901.3 Engineering Research - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 723.5 Computer Applications - 931.1 Mechanics - 632.3 Pneumatics - 631 Fluid Flow - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20140517248368
Title:Development and performance experiment of steam drying device of seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw
Authors:Yu, Haiming (1); Wang, Chun (1); Xie, Qiuju (2); Sun, Yong (3); Zhang, Wei (1); Hu, Jun (1); Che, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (2) College of Information Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (3) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Wang, C.(wangchun1963@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:25-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:China is a large agricultural country with rich crop straw resources. The annual production of crop straw reached 840 million tons, of which rice straw production was over 211 million tons. A lot of rice straw is thrown away and burned, which not only causes great environmental pollution and affects farmers' life quality, but also causes a great waste of resources. Therefore, it has a positive meaning for agricultural efficiency and rural incomes, ecological agriculture promotion and sustainable agricultural development to develop a reasonably efficient and clean use of crop straw, and turn waste into treasure. A seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw is a new type of rice seedling tray carrier, which is made of straw powder, water-soluble biological glue, fertilizer, and other soil nutrient medium. It is produced by mixing, pressing, and drying stereotypes. The drying stereotypes process is the key production. Its purpose is to mix well bonded straw powder, water-soluble biological glue, fertilizer, and other soil nutrient medium together to ensure the shaping rate wet strength and storage period of seedlings. The drying method and apparatus is a key factor for keeping these characteristics. The seedling tray drying method includes natural environmental ventilation drying, hot air drying, and steam drying. On an experimental basis, the three kinds of drying methods effects on the quality of seedling tray drying and the advantages of steam drying were considered in this paper. Then, the steam drying method was determined to be the major way of drying a seedling tray. To achieve the steam drying technology, the suitable drying apparatus is crucial. Therefore, the steam drying devices of a seedling tray fueled with rice straw rods was designed in this paper. The device consisted of a drying medium supply system, the steam dryer, and a control system. According to the steam drying theory, design requirements of drying apparatus, the maximum drying number of a seedling tray, the arrangement of a seedling tray in a drying vehicle and in the dryer, the steam boiler rated evaporation is of 0.5 t/h, the rated operating temperature is of 144&deg;C in the drying medium supply system; the dryer size is &phi;2400 mm&times;5500 mm, thickness 10 mm, the thickness of insulation is 170 mm, and the maximum withstood pressure is 0.7 MPa. The test results of the drying device performance showed that the dryer tightness and insulation is fine, the shaping rate of the seedling tray reaches 97%, the seedling tray drying is uniform, and the moisture content and drying wet strength of seedling tray meet the storage and production requirements well.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Crops - Design - Dryers (equipment) - Equipment - Experiments - Fertilizers - Glues - Gluing - Nutrients - Steam  - Vapors
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural efficiency - Ecological agricultures - Environmental pollutions - Operating temperature - Performance experiment - Production requirements - Seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw - Sustainable agricultural development
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 901 Engineering Profession - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 642.1 Process Heating - 614 Steam Power Plants - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20140517250482
Title:Evaluation of grey water footprint of grain production in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Moreongolia
Authors:Cao, Lianhai (1); Wu, Pute (1); Zhao, Xining (3); Wang, Yubao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environment Science, Northwest A F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) School of Resource and Environment Science, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China; (3) Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wu, P.(gjzwpt@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:63-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As non-point source pollution and salinization being the important environmental pollution source that affects food security, the evaluation and quantification of such negative effects on agricultural production become the urgent eco-environment issues need to be solved. It is possible to quantify the negative effects of agricultural production because of the foundation of Water Footprint Theory. Water footprint contains blue water footprint, green water footprint and grey water footprint. Grey water footprint (GWF) can represents the value of different types of negative effects, of which the GWF of grain production represents the negative effect of per unit grain production. In the study, water footprint theory is used and Hetao irrigation district in Inner Mongolia was employed as the study area. The calculation method of the grain production GWF were given and the parameters of maximum environmental allowable concentration (Cmax) and background concentration (C<inf>nat</inf>) were selected. Each kind of GWF was calculated Item by item, and the total GWF was computed using the Cask Theory, so the GWF of grain production was calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the GWF of non-point source pollution was 0.55-0.58&times;10⁸m³ during the period of 2005-2008. The GWF of salification was 4.570&times;10⁸m³ in 2005 and decreased to 1.825&times;10⁸m³ in 2008.The total GWF was declined from 5.872&times;10⁸m³ in 2006 to 1.825&times;10⁸m³ in 2008. In year of 2005-2008, the total GWF was less than 10% of total water footprint, and showed a slightly decline tend along the years. The GWF of grain production from year of 2005 to 2008 was 0.129 m³/kg, 0.159 m³/kg, 0.062 m³/kg and 0.043 m³/kg, respectively. In general, the GWF of grain production showed declining tend, which in 2008 was only equivalent to 27.04% of that in 2006. The extension of new agricultural technologies such as water-saving irrigation was the main reason, water-saving irrigation significantly reduce GWF of grain production by decreasing ineffective irrigation and invalid moisture evaporation. Based on these, the measures, including water saving, cropping structure adjustment, reasonably determination of ground water level and reasonable utilization of fertilizers and pesticides, are recommended for reducing the GWF of grain production. The negative effects of environmental issues on food production and GWF of grain production in large-scale irrigation area are quantified preferably. The results can offer a valuable reference for the agricultural sustainable development and formulating agricultural industry policy for other similar grain-producing regions.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Environmental protection - Food supply - Grain (agricultural product) - Groundwater - Irrigation - Pollution - Water conservation - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural technologies - Background concentration - Environmental pollutions - Grey waters - Hetao irrigation districts - Non-point source pollution - Salinization
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 453 Water Pollution - 444 Water Resources - 404.2 Civil Defense - 444.2 Groundwater
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20140517248387
Title:Spatial distribution of prime farmland based on cultivated land quality comprehensive evaluation at county scale
Authors:Feng, Ting (1); Zhang, Fengrong (1); Li, Can (3); Qu, Yanbo (4); Zhu, Fengkai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality and Monitoring of Land and Resource, Beijing 100193, China; (3) College of Public Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (4) School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan 250014, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, F.(frzhang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:200-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For the cultivated land quality comprehensive evaluation there have been relatively abundant research results at present, but most of them tend to judge the suitability of spatial distribution of cultivated land and prime farmland without taking sufficient attention to the ecological security. The cultivated land quality comprehensive evaluation plays an important part as prerequisites and groundwork in demarcating of prime farmland and high-standard prime farmland construction. On the basis of dissecting the concept and method of cultivated land quality evaluation, the paper constructed a cultivated quality comprehensive evaluation system by way of selecting relevant indicators from the natural quality, site conditions, spatial pattern and ecological security of cultivated land through referring to agricultural land classification, agricultural land gradation, cultivated land scale operation and its ecological security. The study aimed at meeting the inner demands for demarcating of prime farmland and made up for the deficiency in the present related researches, then achieved quantitative analysis of various indexes and calculation on the cultivated land quality comprehensive index with the help of GIS. On the above basis, the study divided 5 916 cultivated land parcels into 4 different types according to the similarity theory in Pinggu district: 1) The first one, named as the prior planning type, was up to 4 325.29 hm² and accounted for 35.06% of regional total cultivated land area, distributed mainly in the western, southern and southwest plains of Pinggu district, mainly in the town of Donggaocun, followed by the towns of Yukou and Mafang, which showed comprehensive optimum in the natural quality, site conditions, ecological security and spatial pattern of cultivated land as the preferred object to be prime farmland or high-standard prime farmland. This type became the core part of cultivated land protected in Pinggu district. 2) The second one, named as the suitable addition type, was 3511.84 hm² and accounted for 28.47% of regional total cultivated land area, distributed in the west, south and southwest plains of Pinggu district, especially in the towns of Donggaocun, Mafang and Machangying, which showed a sign of cultivated land landscape fragmentation without any restriction in the other three aspects. This kind of cultivated land's quality comprehensive index decreased mainly due to the spatial fragmentation caused by carving up and occupation from the construction land, which weakened the scale effect of modern agriculture. It was effectual to take action of land consolidation or parcel spatial adjustments to promote the concentration and connectivity for the cultivated land of suitable additional type as the object of the prime farmland or high-standard prime farmland. 3) The third one, named as the main regulation type, was 2 606.45 hm² and accounted for 21.13% of regional total cultivated land area, whose spatial distribution presented shifting trend from plains to semi-mountainous regions and their restrictive factors were complicated. The changing slope, weakening location advantage and fragmentation were the main reasons for the decrease of some cultivated land's quality comprehensive indices, which could improve the quality to be prime farmland by diversified means such as land leveling project, soil improvement, spatial adjustment of cultivated land parcel and so on. As for the other one that the quality comprehensive index decreased caused by restriction of ecological security pattern, to improve the comprehensive quality was harder than the former one and whether or not to become the prime farmland depended on the coordinated control between the productive and ecological function of cultivated land. 4) The last one, named as the removal quitting type, was 1 892.12 hm² and accounted for 15.34% of regional total cultivated land area. This kind of cultivated land was not suitable as the prime farmland because of the intense restriction from the natural quality, site conditions, spatial pattern and ecological security of cultivated land. Those ones in mountainous area should bring about the ecological restoration; meanwhile, the other ones in plains should act as the urban greening function with other prime farmlands. The study results reflect the comprehensive quality of regional cultivated land, which have practical and guidance roles in planning method of the county prime farmland protection zone and high-standard prime farmland construction. Simultaneously, the classification of cultivated land can provide a reference for the functional zoning and regulation of cultivated land, the differential construction and management of prime farmland and the transformation of agricultural modernization.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Ecology - Function evaluation - Geographic information systems - Land use - Landforms - Quality control - Spatial distribution - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive evaluation system - Comprehensive qualities - Cultivated land qualities - Landscape fragmentation - Pinggu districts - Prime farmlands
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 723.3 Database Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20140517248391
Title:Machine vision detecting potato mechanical damage based on manifold learning algorithm
Authors:Wang, Chenglong (1); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Wu, Zhenzhong (1); Zhou, Zhu (2); Feng, Yaoze (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) Information Engineering College, Zhejiang Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
Corresponding author:Li, X.(lixiaoyu@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:245-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Buds and uneven surface of potatoes have caused problems to detect the mechanical damage based on machine vision. The lighting conditions and gray value changes of defect region have great impacts on the pixel level feature extraction. While manifold learning methods have been extensively studied in the face recognition, they have not been used for the external quality inspection of agricultural products. The manifold learning method is mainly divided into linear and nonlinear manifold learning algorithms. The nonlinear manifold learning algorithm includes isometric mapping (Isomap), locally linear embedding (LLE), laplacian eigenmaping (LE). The linear algorithm is extension of the nonlinear methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS). In order to weaken the influence of the buds and uneven surface on potatoes mechanical damage detection, the image was characterized by using low dimensional manifolds. A mechanical damage detection method for potatoes was provided based on manifold learning. In this study, the Saliency and H images were firstly segmented on the potato regional image. The segmentation accuracies of both images are 100%. However, Saliency-H method can the potato's location information of the image by unsupervised pattern was automatically obtained. In addition, Saliency-H method was faster (average elapsed time is 477.7 ms) than H method with a high data compression rate. After the potato region images were resampled from 1024&times;768 to 64&times;64, the features of potato images were extracted from the resample images by using the three manifold learning methods: principal component analysis (PCA), isometric mapping (Isomap) and locally linear embedding (LLE). Thirdly, the three corresponding SVM classification models were developed based on their features. Finally the parameters of the models were optimized to develop corresponding optimal classification models by using the grid search method (grid search), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The best three classification models were obtained through comparing the recognition results of SVM classification models. Test results showed that the training set recognition rate of PCA-SVM classification model was 100%, the test set recognition rate was 100%. The best parameter optimization method was grid search, the best number of features was 40, the test parameter c was equal to 27.8576 g. The training set recognition rate of Isomap-SVM classification model was 100%, the test set recognition rate was 91.7%, the best parameter optimization method was GA, the best number of features is 4, the test parameter c was equal to 27.8576 g. The training set recognition rate of LLE-SVM classification model was 100%, the test set recognition rate was 91.7%, the best parameter optimization method was PSO, the best number of features is 19, the test parameter c equals 0.1000, g equals 18.8827. These results indicate that potatoes mechanical damage detection is feasible using three manifold learning methods including PCA, Isomap and LLE. PCA-SVM classification model is the best classification model.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Damage detection
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Algorithms - Computer vision - Data compression - Face recognition - Feature extraction - Genetic algorithms - Identification (control systems) - Image segmentation - Learning algorithms  - Learning systems - Mathematical models - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Principal component analysis - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Linear and nonlinear manifolds - Low-dimensional manifolds - Manifold learning - Manifold learning algorithm - Mechanical damages - Non-linear manifold learning - Parameter optimization methods - Potatoes
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20140517248375
Title:Construction of index system for traceability granularity evaluation of traceability system
Authors:Qian, Jianping (1); Liu, Xuexin (1); Yang, Xinting (1); Xing, Bin (1); Ji, Zengtao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Yang, X.(yangxt@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:98-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the development of research and application of traceability systems, it plays a key role that the traceability system is established with appropriate granularity for deeper application according to the supply chain actual requirement and informatization level of subjects. The existing research in traceability width, depth, and accuracy were descriptive language, or lacked a quantitative evaluation model, which lead to the difference of the traceability system not being able to be measured well. In this paper, three layers of architecture of a basic traceability system were analyzed, which included product identification, information collection, and database construction of the center. The descriptive definition of traceability granularity was established with traceable unit size and its horizontal information capacity and longitudinal tracking depth. A two-layer index system was constructed with the core of traceability precision, width, and depth. The evaluation factors included a external traceability unit, an internal turning unit, an identification unit exchange, information collection content, information update frequency, forward tracing distance, and backward tracing distance. In order to eliminate qualitative indicators difficult to measure, a five point grading assignment method was used to obtain a qualitative index value. The evaluation factors' weight was confirmed using an AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method with three steps through investigation on 20 related areas experts. First, the initial judgment matrix and comparison matrix was established through the comparison of various elements. Secondly, a single order layer was taken. Finally, the final judgment matrix was obtained through the consistency test, and then all the target weights set were obtained. In the weights set, the external traceability unit weight was the highest with 0.1985.For the cooperative supply chain, an external traceability unit with the difference between a single product, single batch and the mixed batch, affected other unit sizes and information collection, so it played an important role in the whole index system. The lowest weight was an identification unit exchange with the value of 0.0872. Because the identification unit exchange had a correlation with an external traceability unit and an internal turning unit, the identification unit exchange had relatively less effects on traceability granularity with a determined internal and external unit. This research can provide quantitative evidence for evaluating the difference of traceability systems.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Research
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Analytic hierarchy process - Computer systems - Grading - Supply chains
Uncontrolled terms:AHP (analytic hierarchy process) - Index systems - Information collections - Product identification - Quantitative evaluation models - Research and application - Traceability granularity - Traceability systems
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 921 Mathematics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20140517248381
Title:Experiment on NO reduction performance from reburning of agricultural wastes
Authors:Luan, Jiyi (1); Liu, Xiangdong (1); Wu, Xuemei (1); Weng, Zhigang (1); Xing, Lei (1); Guo, Youcheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (2) Huaneng Hegang Power Generation Co. Ltd, Hegang 154100, China
Corresponding author:Liu, X.(liuxiangdong1973@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:146-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to develop clean and efficient utilization technologies of biomass to supplement insufficient fossil energy, the reduction of NO was studied in a drop tube furnace (DTF) using rice husk, straw, and pulverized coal as reburning fuels. The impacts of fuel type, stoichiometric ratio (SR), reburning reaction temperature, residence time in the reburning-zone, the ratio of fuel particle size and reburning fuel on NO removal efficiency were analyzed in this study. The results indicated that NO reduction efficiency of biomass fuels such as rice husk, straw and sawdust of pine were higher than that of pulverized coal. The NO removal efficiency of straw and sawdust of pine was the highest, but the efficiency of the pulverized coal was the lowest among these three fuels. The composition of volatile components in different fuels had major impacts on the efficiency. NO removal efficiency was decreased with SR increasing in reburning zone. As SR was increased, reducing components released during the devolatilization were consumed by oxygen at the same time with NO reduction, which weakened the reduction reaction of NO. The SR had major impacts on the efficiency of NO reduction of agricultural wastes including rice husk and straw than that of the pulverized coal. For the test case of reburning ratio of 20%, the reduction efficiency of NO using straw and rice husk were decreased by 20.12% and 20.07%, respectively if the SR was increased from 0.8 to 0.9. It was decreased by 8.38% when using the pulverized coal. The sizes of fuel particles affect heating process. Under the same conditions, the fine fuel particles produced more volatile components and supplied more reducing matters of NO, which increased the reduction efficiency of NO. The increase of resistance time also increase the reaction time between reburning fuel and NO, which facilitated the NO reduction. By using straw and rice husk as reburning fuel, reasonable residence time was shorter than 600 ms, which is much lower than that of using the pulverized coal. Adjusting reburning ratio can attain appropriate reduction efficiency of NO. Reasonable reburning ratios of straw and rice husk were preferred to be between 15%-20%.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Reduction
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Boiler firing - Coal - Denitrification - Fuel gages - Pulverized fuel - Straw - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Drop tube furnaces - Influencing factors - Reaction temperature - Reburning - Reduction efficiency - Reduction reaction - Stoichiometric ratio - Volatile components
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20140517248373
Title:Prediction of soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity based on spectral similarity measuring
Authors:Wei, Changlong (1); Zhao, Yuguo (1); Li, Decheng (1); Zhang, Ganlin (1); Wu, Dengwei (1); Chen, Jike (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Y.(ygzhao@issas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:81-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The potential of visible-near infrared (vis-NIR, 350~2500 nm) laboratory spectroscopy for the estimation of soil properties has been previously demonstrated in the literature. Spectroscopy is rapid, inexpensive, and non-destructive. A single spectrum allows for the simultaneous characterization of various soil properties. The question that always arises when two samples are close in spectral space is whether they are close in terms of soil composition. This paper explores three different approaches to improving prediction accuracy. The first, called the SAM Approach, predicts soil properties via similar soil spectra using a spectral angle mapper (SAM). The second one, called the PLSR Approach, predicts soil properties using partial least-squares regression (PLSR). The third, called the SAM-PLSR Approach, first uses the SAM to choose similar soil spectra, which are then used as calibration samples for the PLSR. These tests were performed on a collection of 400 soil samples from 91 profiles from the Xuancheng region of the Anhui Province. Spectra data include reflectance (R), first derivatives of reflectance (FDR), and the logarithm of the inverse of the reflectance (Log (1/R)). The aims of the work were threefold: (1) to investigate the relationship between soil vis-NIR similarity and soil attribute similarity (soil organic matter (SOM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) using a spectral angle mapper (SAM); (2) to predict soil properties by PLSR with different calibration samples, which were independently validated; (3) to compare the accuracy of predictions from the SAM Approach, PLSR Approach, and SAM-PLSR Approach. This study showed that soil vis-NIR similarity reflected the similarity of SOM and CEC content, the SAM Approach can be directly used to predict the content of SOM (R²=0.78, RPD=2.17) and CEC (R²=0.82, RPD=2.41). The PLSR Approach obtained good prediction accuracy of SOM (R²=0.87, RPD=2.77) and CEC (R²=0.87, RPD=2.59). The SAM-PLSR Approach, which was calibrated with FDR, produced more accurate predictions for SOM (R²=0.89, RPD=3.0) and CEC (R²=0.91, RPD=3.06) than the other approaches, and this method can greatly reduce the number of calibration samples. This work demonstrated the potential of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the vis-NIR with SAM-PLSR Approach for more efficient soil analysis.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Calibration - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Models - Organic compounds - Positive ions - Reflection - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Cation exchange capacities - Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy - Laboratory spectroscopy - Partial least square regression - Partial least-squares regression - Spectral angle mappers - Spectral similarity - Visible-near infrared
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20140517248374
Title:Regulation of nitrogen-phosphorus and Chinese milk vetch improve canopy characteristics and yield of early season rice
Authors:Shi, Yuanzhi (1); Cui, Yuanlai (1); Wang, Li (1); Cai, Shuo (2); Yu, Shuang (1); Liu, Luguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (2) The Irrigation Experiment Station of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330201, China; (3) Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Y.(cuiyuanlai@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:89-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Fertilization was an essential agricultural practice to improve soil fertility and quality, and the change leaf area index (LAI) and plant chlorophyll content, and had a direct effect on photosynthetic carbon assimilation and grain yield. In order to reveal the effect of a nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer regulation and the ploughing down of Chinese milk vetch planted in the winter on the canopy characteristics and yield of early season rice, experiments were carried out, with 7 nitrogen levels (including 2 combined applications of chemical nitrogen and green manure levels) and 3 phosphorus levels and 2 No-nitrogen/phosphorous levels. LAI, the transmission characteristics of canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and leaf SPAD values were measured during the whole growth period, and the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was also measured in the heading-flowering period and in the grain-filling period, and the yield of early season rice was measured after harvesting. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer could significantly affect the LAI which had a direct effect on light transmission and interception, SPAD value, Pn, and yield. In a certain range, increasing nitrogen fertilizer could cause a higher LAI, significantly, while increasing phosphorous fertilizer also changed the LAI in a slightly elevated but not significant manner. The variation trend of the canopy PAR interception and the LAI were basically the same, while the canopy PAR transmittance was the opposite. However, the effect of the LAI on reflectance was not obvious enough, its values, greatly influenced by mirror reflection, maintained between 3%~5%. With an increase of chemical fertilizer, the marginal diminishing effect gradually came into play. When the chemical fertilizer was overdosed, especially when the nitrogen fertilizer was higher than 225 kg/hm² or the phosphate fertilizer higher than 120 kg/hm², the effect curve appeared at an inflection point, and the early season rice growth might be inhibited and the grain yield would be cut. Ploughing down of moderate green manure (Chinese milk vetch) planted in the winter could significantly promote the LAI, light transmission, and interception, SPAD, photosynthesis, and yield under the same fertilizer, especially in the condition of low nitrogen. This could be because ploughing down green manure could increase the soil organic matter, soil humus, and soil microbial quantity and activity, and effectively reduce the fixation on nutrients. Available nutrients were released in spurts, and the soil nitrogen update was accelerated. An adequate soil nitrogen supply was conducive to maintaining the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, prolonging the functional period of leaves, and improving the photosynthesis efficiency and yield. The effects of a phosphorus deficiency on leaves were significantly less than that of low nitrogen availability, although phosphorus was limited to the promotion of chlorophyll content. A reasonable increase of phosphorus fertilizer could affect crop yield by promoting the LAI, light interception, and photosynthesis efficiency. This study considered that, in the Ganzhou and Fuzhou Plain Irrigation District, a combined application of 187.5~225 kg/hm² nitrogen, 60~120 kg/hm² phosphorus, and 15000 kg/hm² Chinese milk vetch effectively improved the LAI, canopy PAR interception, and the content of chlorophyll, maintained a higher net photosynthesis efficiency, and consequently, enriched crop yield. It should be pointed out that, because of the limited manpower and material resources, this paper involved only one rice variety and one year's data, and the research on photosynthesis was only limited to the leaf scale, and in the measurement of PAR transmission characteristics and photosynthesis there existed a certain time lapse. Further studies are required to research the effect of different amounts of ploughing down of Chinese milk vetch on early season rice canopy characteristics.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Efficiency - Forestry - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Light transmission - Manures - Nitrogen - Nobelium - Nutrients  - Phosphate fertilizers - Phosphorus - Phosphorus compounds - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany) - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Canopy - Canopy characteristics - Leaf Area Index - Net photosynthetic rate - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Photosynthetically active radiation - Transmission characteristics - Yield
Classification code:913.1 Production Engineering - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 741.1 Light/Optics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology - 622.1 Radioactive Materials, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20140517248366
Title:Design and experiment of magnetic nanobead separator for rapid detection of avian influenza virus
Authors:Liu, Hongshan (1); Mo, Jiasi (1); Yuan, Runyu (2); Jiao, Peirong (2); Luo, Xiwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Luo, X.(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:10-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An impedance immunosensor was developed recently for the rapid detection of a H5 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV). The important step was to have a magnetic nanobead separator (MNS) to separate and concentrate the streptavidin-coated magnetic nanobeads which were captured with the avian influenza virus H5N1.This paper describes a compact and portable magnetic nanobead separator designed for the rapid detection of an avian influenza virus and the series of experiments for confirming the separation efficiency. These ideas came from several tries of different MNS separator designs and experiments. There were six separation holes constructed by tile-shaped NdFeBs in this MNS. It was built up of a cylinder shell with 6 cylinder containers, pairs of tile-shaped magnets, a piece of metal magnetizer, and 6 separation holes. The design was aided by Pro/Engineer software to simulate and analyze. From the measurements, the maximum magnetic induction intensity of each separation area (hole) reached 1166.2 mT and its maximum grads reached 152.7 T/m. Also, the ingenious configuration of MNS could be suitable for other requirements by minor amenD<inf>m</inf>ent. The experiments on separating H5N1 virus and E. coli O157: H7 were conducted to confirm the separation efficiency of the MNS with the nanobeads in different sizes. The results showed that the MNS could separate 30, 100, and 180nm nanobeads entirely, while the separation duration was no less than 60min, 60, and 40 s respectively, and the separation efficiency was higher than 96.5% under the controlled experimental condition, without any residual bead in supernatant liquid. The experiments for separation efficiency of the MNS included: a multi-point magnetic induction intensity measurement, a preliminary separation observation, a transmission electron microscope observation, a Dot-ELISA experiment, and an enumeration by a plate count experiment. All the repeatable experimental data showed that the MNS system was stable and efficient. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the magnetic induction intensity measurement was around 3%.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Separation
Controlled terms:Computer viruses - Cylinders (containers) - Cylinders (shapes) - Design - Efficiency - Escherichia coli - Experiments - Magnetic devices - Nanostructured materials - Proteins  - Separators - Transmission electron microscopy - Viruses
Uncontrolled terms:Avian influenza virus - Immunomagnetic separation - Magnetic induction intensity - Nanobeads - Separation efficiency
Classification code:913.1 Production Engineering - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 761 Nanotechnology - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 461.9 Biology - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 408 Structural Design - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20140517253520
Title:Effect of mining subsidence on soil erosion in mountainous area of the Loess Plateau
Authors:Huang, Yi (1); Wang, Yunjia (1); Wang, Meng (1); Tian, Feng (3); Ao, Jianfeng (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining Science and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of National AD inistration of, Mapping and Geo-information, Xuzhou, 221116, China; (3) Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark; (4) School of Construction and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Y.(wyj4139@cumt.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:228-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Mining subsidence reshapes the surface structure and morphology in a mountainous area. However, surface deformation and movement rules in a mountainous area influenced by mining subsidence are quite different from rhose in a flat area, which result mainly from the superposition of ground subsidence and surface moving caused by slippage. Research about change of the soil erosion caused by the above phenomenon is very necessary. In this paper, based on mining subsidence rules and models, a DEM of the subsidence area was constructed referring to the subsidence parameters in the research area. On this basis, the soil erosion changes of three major factors-slope, slope length factor, and vegetation coverage factor caused by mining subsidence in a revised universal soil loss equation in mountainous area were measured for the first time, and the other three parameters that were not disturbed by mining in a revised universal soil loss equation were calculated according to relevant research studies. Finally, soil erosion quantity in the research area was calculated. The results showed that: From 2001-2010, the average slope decreased by 0.025&deg;, caused by mining in the study area, average slope length factor decreased by 0.139, the area that soil erosion unchanged, reduced and increased in subsidence area was respectively 3.083, 3.412 and 4.707 km², and the area in which soil erosion reduced and increased out of the subsidence area was respectively 0.143 and 0.023 km², the totally soil erosion amount decreased by 78426.95 t, 689.892 t/km² in average per year, which was mainly caused by the decrease of slope length and slope. The impact on soil erosion affected by mining subsidence in the upstream area will influence in part the area of the watershed where outside the mining area, and ending in the position where the slope length is ended, because mining subsidence changes the flow direction, and furthermore, flow length is changed as a result. In the basin of the subsidence area, the subsidence value was basically the same, slope and flow direction doesn't change. Nevertheless, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed, the vegetation was injured, and the vegetation cover factor became the main factor influencing soil erosion in this region. Soil erosion affected by mining subsidence in a mountainous area is quite different from flat ground. On flat ground, mining subsidence will absolutely intensify soil erosion except in the subsidence basin, because the slope and slope length are increased, but in a mountainous area, there is no absolute positive or negative influence, and the result is closely related to the original landform, subsidence magnitude, and location. The research conclusions can provide a scientific basis for soil erosion predictions in a mountainous mining area.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Subsidence
Controlled terms:Cutting machines (mining) - Erosion - Mining - Research - Sediment transport - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Loess Plateau - Mining areas - Physical and chemical properties - Revised universal soil loss equations - Slope - Slope length - Surface deformation - Surface structure and morphologies
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 504 Mines and Mining, Metal - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20140517248389
Title:Mode selection for rural residential land consolidation based on analysis of location condition
Authors:Xie, Baopeng (1); Zhu, Daolin (1); Chen, Ying (3); Bai, Zhiyuan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Qualify, Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100193, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, D.(dlzhu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:219-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Rural residential renovation is not only an important part of comprehensive rural land improvement, but also the inevitable choice of overall planning for urban-rural development and new rural construction. Location is one important factor that affects rural residential development and layout, which determines the degree of difficulty and priorities in rural residential renovation. It is an important condition when selecting the rural residential renovation mode, and a significant basis for making the decision of which mode to adopt at the same time. This study took the rural residential areas (plaques) as the research object, and established a location evaluation index system that included natural and socio-economic factors such as the distance between the settlements and the county, the distance between the settlements and towns, the distance between the settlements and the gathering area, the distance between the settlements and a highway that is above the county level, the distance between the settlements and rivers, and gravity value and terrain conditions of the settlements. It then used the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the weight of each index. In this paper, the northern plateau region of Linxia County, Gansu Province was taken as the study area and NERA tools and statistical functions of ArcGIS 9.3 were used to evaluate and grade the region's rural residential location conditions. On the basis of the condition of residential area without breaking the boundaries of villages, the paper accounted for the total condition value of every aD<inf>m</inf> inistrative village through an area-weighted summation of the total value of settlements, then divided the location score values into five grades according to the frequency mutation, and finally put forward five kinds of arrangement modes corresponding to the location level, such as the development-oriented, retaining type, potential-tapped pattern, settlements-merged pattern, and migration model, which was according to the regional level and the current situation and condition constraints of all residential areas under the different condition characteristics. The development-oriented mode corresponded to the location I area, whose main optimization direction was to speed up urbanization and farmland circulation, to dismantle scattered settlements, and to encourage farmers to go into town. The retaining type mode corresponded to the location II district, whose main optimization direction actively implemented the rural residential renovation and dismantled scattered settlements. The potential-tapped pattern corresponded to the location III level area, whose main optimization direction tapped the internal potential of the residential area, dismantled scattered settlements, improved the degree of centralization of residential area, and developed irrigation agriculture on the advantages of water. The settlements-merged pattern corresponded to the location IVlevel area, whose main optimization direction actively implemented the rural residential renovation, dismantled scattered settlements, and improved the concentrated extent of residential areas. The migration model corresponded to the location level &nu; area, whose main optimization direction implemented the whole village relocation project for the target of ecological protection, and it should adjust measures to local conditions after finishing the land consolidation. The results of the study emphasized that the renovation mode under the location conditions considered took into account both strengths and weaknesses of different conditions of rural residential areas, and the different arrangement modes resulted in different emphases. This study can provide an effective reference for new local rural construction, the comprehensive improvement of rural land, and the link of increase and decrease of the land for construction use in both urban and rural areas, etc.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Housing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Consolidation - Economics - Geographic information systems - Land use - Optimization - Regional planning - Relocation - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Evaluation index system - Irrigation agriculture - Land for constructions - Mode - New rural constructions - Rural residential areas - Rural settlement - Urban and rural areas
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723.3 Database Systems - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20140517248395
Title:Changes of protein profile in Zizania latifolia during cooling storage
Authors:Luo, Haibo (1); Jiang, Li (2); Bao, Yonghua (3); Zhang, Li (2); Shi, Yun (2); Yu, Zhifang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Biology and Food, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, China; (2) College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (3) Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Z.(yuzhifang@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:285-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The changes of protein profile in postharvest Z. latifolia during cooling storage at 1&deg;C for 0 (control), 15 and 30 days were investigated to study the molecular mechanism of senescence of postharvest Zizania latifoliausing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The results showed that a total of about 650 protein spots were detected on the gels in which 35 spots showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) change in protein abundance based on the two-fold difference. 29 spots were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF. We classified these 29 protein spots into six functional categories: metabolism (20.7%), cell structure (27.6%), stress response and defense (20.7%), senescence (6.9%), protein synthesis (13.8%) and unknown functional proteins (10.3%). 15 spots were up-regulated while 14 spots were down-regulated among 29 differentially expressed proteins spots. For 15 up-regulated spots, spot 9 (adenosine kinase), spot 23 (glycosyl hydrolases family 17) and spot 27 (transketolase) were related to metabolism; spot 1 (profiling), spot 6 (&beta;-1, 3-glucanase precursor), spot 7 (glucan endo-1, 3-beta-glucosidase), spot 8 (&beta;-1, 3-glucanase precursor), spot 24 (xyloglucan endotransglycosylases) and spot 39 (&beta;-1, 3-glucanase) were related to cell structure; spot 17 (universal stress protein family), spot 30 (thaumatin-like protein isoform 2), spot 32 (glutathione S-transferase) and spot 48 (dehydroascorbate reductase) were related to stress response and defense; spot 22 (cysteine protease) and spot 33 (papain-like cysteine proteinase) were related to senescence. For 14 down-regulated spots, spot 36 (diphosphonucleotide phosphatase 1), spot 44 (enolase) and spot 53 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) were related to metabolism; spot 25 (actin) and spot 38 (actin depolymerisation factor/cofilin-like domains) were related to cell structure; spot 31 (hipI-SODC1s) and spot 49 (chitinase class I) were related to stress response and defense; spot 15 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein), spot 18 (putative chaperonin 21 precursor), spot 21 (putative ribosomal protein S12) and spot 56 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2) were related to protein synthesis; spot 43 (WD40 domain), spot 51 (unknown protein) and spot 55 (band_7_prohibitin) were unknown functional proteins. The most important proteins that behave differentially are related to senescence in postharvest Z. latifolia were &beta;-1, 3-glucanase precursor (spot 6, spot 8), adenosine kinase (spot 9), universal stress protein family (spot 17), cysteine protease (spot 22), glycosyl hydrolases family 17 (spot 23), hipI-SODC1s (spot 31), glutathione S-transferase (spot 32), papain-like cysteine proteinase (spot 33), &beta;-1, 3-glucanase (spot 39), dehydroascorbate reductase (spot 48) and chitinase class I (spot 49). These protein's functions mainly concentrated on material and energy metabolism, stress response and defense, cell structure and senescence. These results indicated that the senescence of postharvest Z. latifolia may be caused by multi-actions including the regulation of material metabolism, change of energy metabolism pathway, decline of reactive oxygen scavenging capacity and degradation of cell structure. This study provided experimental data and come up with new perspectives for the mechanism of postharvest Z. latifolia senescence. However, the molecular biological analysis and subcellular proteomic studies need to be further investigated in the future.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Cells - Cold storage - Cytology - Digital storage - Electrophoresis - Hydrolases - Mass spectrometry - Metabolism - Papain  - Physiology - Scavenging
Uncontrolled terms:Dehydroascorbate reductase - Glutathione-S-transferase - Glycine-rich rna-binding proteins - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Latifolia - Slow death - Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) - Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 801 Chemistry - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 694.4 Storage - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 461.9 Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20140517248383
Title:Design and performance experiment of solar concentrator with fixed strip mirror surface
Authors:Zhou, Xizheng (1); Ma, Chunyuan (1); Zhang, Liqiang (1); Wang, Peng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China
Corresponding author:Ma, C.(chym@sdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:160-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the thermal performance of a fixed linear mirror solar concentrator, its working principle was introduced in this paper. The equation of incidence angle and illuminate area had been obtained by vector analysis. At the same time, the 3D model of a cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber and a fixed linear mirror solar concentrator were established. The Monte Carlo ray tracing method was applied to investigate the concentrating characteristics of the concentrator. The flux distribution on the receiver was simulated and drawn with TracePro software, as a ray trace analysis at different transverse angles determined optical efficiencies, optical loss, and flux distribution of the absorber. The results showed that the overall ray's acceptance of 74.08%-98% and optical efficiency of 56.97%-73.65% were obtained from the transverse angles of 0&deg; to 40&deg; with the mirror reflectance of 0.92 and the receiver absorbance of 0.9. In addition, the thermal performance of the trapezoidal cavity absorber and the cylindrical cavity absorber were studied experimentally at the different transverse angles and output temperatures. The cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber had a significant advantage in terms of superior thermal performance as compared to the trapezoidal cavity absorber. The thermal efficiency of the cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber was higher than the trapezoidal cavity absorber by 2%-3% at the low environment temperature and irradiation under the same condition. The thermal efficiency of the cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber decreased from 46.93% to 39.98% as the output temperature increased from 76.7&deg;C to 99.6&deg;C.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Mirrors
Controlled terms:Geometrical optics - Glass - Heat radiation - Metals - Solar concentrators - Solar energy - Trace analysis - Tubes (components) - Vacuum
Uncontrolled terms:Cylindrical cavities - Energy flux density - Environment temperature - Flux distributions - Monte Carlo ray tracing Method - Performance experiment - Thermal Performance - Vector method
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 741.1 Light/Optics - 702.3 Solar Cells - 812.3 Glass - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 615.2 Solar Power - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 633 Vacuum Technology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20140517248394
Title:Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of recombinant multi-functional xylanase
Authors:Zhao, Lichao (1); Wang, Yan (1); Liu, Xiaojuan (1); Lin, Junfang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Lin, J.(junfanglin2003@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:270-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The utilization of microorganisms or their enzymes may be the most promising method to produce Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) from agricultural wastes because of fewer undesirable by-products and fewer monosaccharides produced, and no special equipments required. Industrial-scale production of XOs using bioconversion requires low-cost substrates with a high xylan content, low lignin content and enzymes with high activity, process stability and &beta;-1, 4-xylosidic bond specificity. In the current study, bagasse, by-products of sugarcane production, was used as substrates for XOs production. And hydrolysis of bagasse hemicellulose was carried out with a recombinant multi-functional xylanase (RMFXase). RMFXase is a novel enzyme produced from genetically engineered straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) strain, which has exo-&beta;-1, 4-glucanase, endo-&beta;-1, 4-glucanase, and endo-&beta;-xylanase activities. After single factor experiments, including enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and hydrolysis time, the enzymatic hydrolysis kinetic model was established by response surface analysis. The evaluation indicators of the model involved reducing sugars concentration (RSC), total soluble sugar concentration (TSC), average degree of polymerization (DP) and hydrolysis rate (HR%). The optimized design for continuous enzymatic hydrolysis reactor can be made from the model equation, and the yield of XOs can be predicted. Based on the kinetic model, the hydrolysis behavior of RMFXase was studied. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to analyze the end-products produced by RMFXase with oats pelts xylan, bagasse hemicellulose and bagasse separately. The results show that, for the continuous enzymatic hydrolysis reactor, the optimized conditions were enzyme concentration 900 U/mL, substrate concentration 110 mg/mL and reaction time 80 min. Under these conditions, after the bagasse hemicellulose which contained 54.7% xylan were hydrolyzed by RMFCase, the DP value of xylo-oligosaccharides reached to 3 and the substrate hydrolysis rate was 23.94%. The major products in the RMFXase hydrolysates were xylobiose and xylotriose, and the content of xylobiose was higher than that of xylotriose. The yield of xylobiose and xylotriose increased over time, but the yield of xylotetraose initially increased, and then decreased over time, which means that it was degraded to xylobiose. The ?nal degree of polymerization was greater than two. Xylose was not found during the whole reaction period. All of the points above illustrate that RMFXase has a high affinity for long chain xylan, and that the activity of the RMFXase decreased with the degradation of the long-chain polymers. The results further confirm that RMFXase has strong endo-&beta;-xylanase activity and no xylosidase activity. The paper also found that the purity of the substrates is another key factor that determines the processing parameters of Xylo-oligosaccharide production.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Bagasse - Cellulose - Chains - Dynamic models - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Enzymes - Food products - High performance liquid chromatography - Kinetic parameters  - Kinetic theory - Optimization - Polymerization - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Degree of polymerization - Enzyme concentrations - Evaluation indicators - Industrial-scale production - Recombinant multi-functional xylanase - Response surface analysis - Single-factor experiments - Substrate concentrations
Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science - 815.2 Polymerization - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20140517248393
Title:Shorting drying time of Hami-melon slice using infrared radiation combined with air impingement drying
Authors:Zheng, Xia (1); Xiao, Hongwei (1); Wang, Lihong (2); Zhang, Qian (2); Bai, Junwen (1); Xie, Long (1); Ju, Haoyu (1); Gao, Zhenjiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832001, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Z.(zjgao@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:262-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to reduce the drying time, the middle short-wave infrared radiation combined with air impingement drying was used to dry Hami-melon slices in this study. The effects of drying temperature of 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80&deg;C, radiation distance of 80, 120, and 160 mm, and sample thickness with 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 mm, moisture effective diffusivity, and drying activation energy of Hami-melon slices were investigated through a series of experiments. Results indicated that the drying time of Hami-melon slices by infrared combined with air impingement drying was about 2-3.5 h. The drying time was decreased when compared with other drying technologies. The whole drying process occurred in the falling rate drying stage. The moisture effective diffusivity determined by Fick's second law varied from 10.65&times;10^-10 to 33.76&times;10^-10 m²/s and from 8.06&times;10^-10 to 39.97&times;10^-10 m²/s with increasing drying temperature and sample thickness, respectively. The drying activation energy was 7.788 kJ/mol calculated based on Arrhenius equation. The energy needed to trigger drying is very small, drying can be operable easily using the middle short wave radiation combined with air impingement drying technology. The kinetics of surface temperature changes indicated that it increased quickly in the initial and middle drying stages and the drying process was accelerated due to the energy directly combined with water. This paper provides theoretical background and technical information for applying the middle short wave infrared combined with air impingement drying on Hami-melon slices.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Infrared drying
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Atmospheric temperature - Diffusion - Drying - Fruits - Infrared radiation - Moisture - Radiation effects
Uncontrolled terms:Air impingement drying - Effective diffusivities - Falling rate drying - Hami-melon slices - Short wave infrared - Short-wave radiation - Surface temperature changes - Technical information
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 744 Lasers - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 642.1 Process Heating - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 711 Electromagnetic Waves
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20140517248392
Title:Discrimination of freshwater fish varieties based on near-infrared spectra
Authors:Xu, Wenjie (1); Liu, Ru (1); Hong, Xiangsheng (3); Xiong, Shanbai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) National Research and Development Branch Center For Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China; (3) College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Xiong, S.(xiongsb@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:253-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A new method of discriminating varieties of freshwater fish was developed based on the near infrared spectroscopy technology. 665 freshwater fishes (silver carp 100, herring 100, grass carp 100, bighead carp 100, gurnard 76, carp 89, crucian carp 100) were collected to calibrate the model from different sites in Hubei province of China. The freshwater fishes in this study were obtained from pedlars' market, specialized aquatic research laboratory and aquaculture base. Some of samples were bred in ecological circulating water. Others were bred in non-recycled pool. In addition, freshwater fishes were collected for different seasons. A variety of samples were collected for the model calibration. The near infrared spectra of seven different varieties of 665 freshwater fish samples were analyzed. The discrimination of freshwater fish was conducted with near infrared spectral technology combined with chemometric method. The preprocessing of the spectra can reduce error of prediction, background optical noise and light scattering effects. The development of mathematical models is critical for near infrared spectroscopy. The preprocessing methods used in this study included multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), savitzky-golay (S-G) smoothing, savitzky-golay (S-G) derivative, differential derivation (DD), no spectral data preprocessing (NONE), standard normal variate (SNV), standardization (S), net analyte signal (NAS), orthogonal signal correction (OSC), de-trend (DT). The optimal spectra bands were chosen once determining the preprocessing method. All spectra statistical calculations were conducted using the RIMP software. Samples were randomly divided into two groups, 532 samples for the preparation of the model calibration and the remaining samples for the model validation. The near infrared discrimination models were developed based on partial least square (PLS) regression, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), partial least square combined with back propagation artificial neural network with 1000~1799nm, respectively. The model performance was evaluated by coefficient of determination of calibration (RC), standard error of calibration (SEC), correlation coefficient of validation (RP), the bias-corrected standard error prediction (SEP) and the standard error of cross validation (SECV). The lower typical errors (SEC, SECV and SEP), and higher correlation coefficient indicates that the model is robust. The results showed that discrimination model obtained by PCA combined with BP-ANN was the best. The standardization was the best preprocessing method for discrimination model. The best spectral bands were 1000~1200 and 1300~1450 nm of model for the optimal preprocessing method. The linear equation of the model was y = 0.922637x 0.333081. This equation represents the relationship between NIR spectroscopy predicted and observed values. High correlation coefficients were reached. The accuracy of discrimination rates of samples were 0.9644 and 0.9553 for the model calibration and validation set, respectively. The model performance demonstrates acceptable accuracy and predictive ability. The results indicate that the near infrared spectroscopy has the potential to become a valuable rapid screening method for discriminating freshwater fish.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Calibration
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Fish - Identification (control systems) - Infrared devices - Mathematical models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Neural networks - Optimization - Principal component analysis - Research laboratories
Uncontrolled terms:Back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) - Model calibration and validation - Multiplicative scatter correction - Orthogonal signal correction - Partial least square (PLS) - Partial least-square regression - Standard error of calibrations - Variety
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 822 Food Technology - 402 Buildings and Towers - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20140517248371
Title:Solid-liquid two-phase flow of microbial particle spraying inoculation and its influence on microbial viability
Authors:Li, Jianhua (1); Zheng, Jiaqiang (1); Yu, Guo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (2) High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University (Jiangning Campus), Nanjing 211102, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.(ljh@njfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:47-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology has a very wide range of applications on account of the increasing energy shortage at present, especially on account of short fermentation time, low energy cost, high rate yield of product, and reduced environmental pollution for SSF. Currently, solid-state fermentation equipment should also adapt to this extensive demand. In order to create good production conditions, ensure pure solid-state fermentation, and the high quality of products, the inoculating tube must be arranged into the hermetic bioreactor. After sterilization, the nozzle of the inoculation spraying system can spray the microbial strain on the solid substrate, to realize sterilizing, cooling, inoculation, and fermentation inside one solid-state fermentation bioreactor. The microbial viability may be determined by the spraying system of the spraying inoculation of pure-culturing solid-state fermentation that could directly result in the death of the microorganisms. The solid-liquid two-phase flow of the microbial particle spray inoculation fluid system was analyzed. Fluid characteristics of the two-phase flow composed of microorganisms and sterile water was discussed, and the forced state of the microorganism particles was also analyzed. The energy component was deduced, and the theoretical basis, reliability, and practicability of the energy dissipation rate which could quantify the microbial particles' damage within comprehensive hydrodynamic stresses were also discussed and analyzed. The effect of nozzle type and spraying parameters on the results of the spraying inoculation was studied by a simulation using FLUENT. A user-defined function was created in FLUENT to compute the energy dissipation rate from the flow field information. By setting reasonable boundary conditions and initial conditions, simulations of a hollow cone nozzle's flow field of the pressure and energy dissipation rate were conducted for each size of the nozzle and the experimental inlet pressure. A set of spraying inoculation experimental flow devices was designed and manufactured. At the same time, an appropriate test method was determined. Microzyme was selected as the microbial particle in the spraying inoculation experimental system because it was easy to separate the living microzyme from the dead microzyme. It could be dyed with Loeffler basic methylene blue dye and the living microzyme with a strong reducing ability is colorless and the dead or weak dying microzyme is blue under microscope. Experimental and simulation results showed that it was feasible to use a spraying inoculation to realize automation and a pure solid state fermentation process and to ensure uniformity of the inoculation. The best spraying characteristic parameters could be found to ensure microbial viability after inoculation. It could be found that the maximum energy dissipation rate of different size nozzles were different. The larger the hollow cone nozzle size and the inlet pressure were, the higher the maximum energy dissipation rate and the mean mortality of microzyme became. Simulation results showed that the maximum energy dissipation rate in the hollow cone nozzle was not at the outlet, but at the junction of the tangent of two narrow ports and the swirl chamber. The results could provide the foundation for the applications of both the spraying inoculation of pure-culturing solid-state fermentation and the biological pesticide spraying, and could provide the references for studying the effect of other types of nozzles on the microbial viability.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Aromatic compounds - Biological water treatment - Bioreactors - Computational fluid dynamics - Fermentation - Flow fields - Microorganisms - Nozzles - Rocket nozzles - Spraying  - Testing - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Energy dissipation rate - Environmental pollutions - Inoculation - Microbial viability - Microzyme - Solid-liquid two-phase flow - Solid-state fermentation - User Defined Functions
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 631 Fluid Flow - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 461.9 Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20140517248388
Title:Calculation method of cultivated land consolidation potential based on cultivated land coefficient and pre-evaluation of farmland classification
Authors:Tang, Xiumei (1); Pan, Yuchun (1); Liu, Yu (1); Ren, Yanmin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Tang, X.(Tangxm@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:211-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on the second land investigation data and farmland classification, this article explores the quantitative and qualitative potential of cultivated land consolidation in Wuhua County in Guangdong Province. The quantitative potential of land consolidation was calculated by the cultivated land coefficient method, in which the standard cultivated land coefficient of each cultivated land parcel is decided by the mean cultivated land coefficient of the same slope grade to which the parcel belonged, and the quantitative potential of each cultivated land parcel is calculated by the multiplying the area of the parcel by the difference between its cultivated land coefficient and the standard. Based on the quantitative potential of each cultivated land parcel, the quantitative potential of each village and town was obtained. The qualitative potential was calculated by the pre-evaluation of farmland classification. Currently in many studies, the qualitative potential of cultivated land consolidation is calculated based on farmland classification, the grades of agricultural land commonly are raised 1 grade or more grade correspondingly, However, factors of farmland classification cannot completely reflect the effects that land consolidation projects produce in increasing cultivated land quality by building infrastructure such as farmland roads, farmland shelterbelts, and irrigation and drainage systems. The previous land consolidation projects in Wuhua County showed that the land parcel slope, soil thickness, irrigation condition, and drainage condition can be obviously improved by land consolidation, so these four factors were raised respectively to compute the improved land grade and the qualitative potential was obtained by subtracting the original grade from improved grade. The method for calculating qualitative potential in the article can avoid the inaccuracy brought about by the unified rising of all factors. Generally speaking, the carrying capacity can raise 100 kg per hectare if the cropland using grade raises 1 grade, and based on this, the agricultural land carrying capacity can be calculated. The result showed that the potential of cultivated land consolidation is large. The quantitative potential was 841.69 hm² and decreased from north to south, contrary to the cultivated land use intensification. The qualitative potential showed a similar trend as the quantitative potential. The natural grade of farmland classification can be improved by 1.28 grades and the cropland using grade can be improved by 0.71. The agricultural land carrying capacity can be increased by 57862.99&times;10⁴ kg. The spatial distribution of quantitative and qualitative potential was due to the difference of the agricultural structure in Wuhua County; the agriculture developed rapidly in the north region of Wuhua County relatively, and the basic condition and cultivated land coefficient was better than the south region, so the quantitative and qualitative potential of the north region was lower than the south region. The result provides successful experiences for land consolidation planning, high-standard prime farmland construction, and the layout of the land consolidation project. The quantitative and qualitative potential in this article is theoretical, and the actual potential would be affected by the cultivated land condition, the level of economic development, and the wishes of the people. Therefore, the theoretical potential must be adjusted to match the physical situation in practical application.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Economics - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Land use
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated land consolidation potentials - Cultivated land qualities - Economic development - Farmland shelterbelts - Irrigation and drainage systems - Land consolidation planning - Potential - Yield
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20140517248369
Title:Effect of exhaust gas recirculation rate with different excess air coefficients on performance of gasoline engine
Authors:Ma, Zhihao (1); Kang, Ning (1); Gao, Dingwei (2); Xu, Bin (1); Wu, Jian (1); Jia, Ning (2); Song, Dongxia (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Vehicle and Communication Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (2) Great Wall Motor Engine R and D Center, Baoding 071000, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Z.(mazhiha@haust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:34-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Because of high pumping loss under part loads and the low compression ratio, gasoline engines have very poor fuel economy. Therefore, in order to reduce the fuel consumption of gasoline engines, this paper mainly studied the influence of EGR coupling with different excess air coefficients on the combustion characteristics, fuel economy, and emission characteristics under part loads of the gasoline engine. The engine used in this experiment was a 1.5 L 4-cylinder gasoline engine, with port fuel injection and turbocharged, which had a peak power of 110 kW @ 5600 r/min. Before the experiment, the inlet and exhaust systems of the engine were modified, and equipped with a water-cooled EGR system. The EGR gas flowed out after the three-way catalytic converter, then entered an EGR cooler, and mixed with the fresh air in the intake pipe before entering the compressor, and at last entered into the cylinders. And this EGR system was also called a low pressure loop system. During the experiment, the engine operated at a part load point, 2000 rpm and 0.5 MPa BMEP. The EGR ratio and excess air coefficient were changed to study the effect on the combustion characteristics, fuel economy, and emission characteristics under the part load of the gasoline engine. The results showed that with the increase of the EGR rate and excess air coefficient, the rate of cycle-to-cycle variation of the combustion increased, the combustion duration became longer, and that the EGR was the main factor affecting both of them. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased significantly, because of the dramatic reduction of the pumping loss. Comparied to the condition of EGR ratio=0 and &alpha;=1, the brake specific fuel consumption decreased by 8.37% under the condition of EGR ratio=20% and &alpha;=1.1. With the increase of the EGR rate and excess air coefficient, THC emission increased, but NOX emission decreased significantly by about 80%. Therefore, combining the three-way catalytic converter with EGR technology can greatly improve the fuel economy of the part load of the gasoline engine, and may meet the emission regulation of Euro 5 at the same time.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Exhaust systems (engine)
Controlled terms:Air engines - Air intakes - Combustion - Compression ratio (machinery) - Diesel engines - Emission control - Engine cylinders - Exhaust gases - Experiments - Fuel consumption  - Fuel economy - Gas compressors - Gas engines - Gasoline - Injection (oil wells) - Solid solutions
Uncontrolled terms:Brake specific fuel consumption - Combustion characteristics - Cycle-to-cycle variations - Emission characteristics - Excess air coefficient - Exhaust gas recirculation rates - Recirculations - Three way catalytic converter
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.1 Compressors - 612 Engines - 933 Solid State Physics - 523 Liquid Fuels - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 521.1 Fuel Combustion
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20140517248379
Title:Performance experiment on lighting and thermal storage in tilting roof solar-greenhouse
Authors:Zhang, Yong (1); Zou, Zhirong (1); Li, Jianming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zou, Z.(zouzhirong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:129-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The arch roof structure has been widely used in designing solar-greenhouse to efficiently utilize solar energy. The arc structure of solar-greenhouse roof in solar-greenhouse lighting was investigated in this study. The experiment results indicated that the light penetration is essentially same for different arch roof structures under the same ratio of rise to span. The patterns of arch structure and the light transmittance performance were further investigated inside the solar-greenhouse. The linear roof had better performance under the same height-span ratio. We designed a tilting roof solar-greenhouse based on the theoretical analysis. The inclination angle of roof could be adjusted for different demands of daylight under different climate conditions. Its structure is simple, economical and efficient. All studies in this paper are mainly aimed at what is called a "solar-greenhouse with active day lighting technology". This paper describes three types of solar-greenhouses: one innovation structure with the tilting roof solar-greenhouse, and two normal structures with fixed roof angle and 8 m-span and 9 m-span solar-greenhouse, respectively. Compared to the normal solar-greenhouse with fixed roof angle, the tilting roof solar-greenhouse has new form roof with adjustable tilt angle. The dip angle of the tilting roof-greenhouse's lighting surface can be adjusted based on different solar altitudes. The dip angle of the tilting roof-greenhouse's lighting surface is increased if the solar altitude is decreased. In this paper different experimental data was analyzed using the lighting analysis method. The temperature and the solar irradiance changing rate indoors and outdoors of solar-greenhouse were used to develop a new structural model of high-performance greenhouse. The tilting roof solar-greenhouse is more efficient in utilization of solar energy and raising temperature. Illumination and indoor temperature in the greenhouse with active tilting roof technology has a great enhancement compared with normal structure. The average increasing rate of lighting performance was 41.75%, e. g. 69.55W/m² in the tilting roof solar-greenhouse during 09: 00 am-16: 00 pm. The solar-greenhouse with adjustable tilt angle was the most economic structure based on synthesized indexes. This structure increased the day-lighting performance by 25.05%, e. g. 38.99 w/m², compared with the solar-greenhouse with fixed roof angle and with the same height-span ratio. Compared with the normal type with fixed roof angle, the mean indoor temperature increased is 3.1&deg;C in the greenhouse with active tilting roof at the heat preservation period. This paper also discusses the influence coefficient of active day lighting technology, analysis the significance and skill of solar energy utilization in the design of new solar-greenhouse structure according to indoor day lighting analysis of indoor average temperatures. It is expected that experiment results and analysis will support the efficient utilization of Solar Energy and the improvement of greenhouse structure management.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Arches - Economics - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Experiments - Heat storage - Lighting - Roof coverings - Roofs - Solar energy  - Space heating - Structure (composition)
Uncontrolled terms:Greenhouse structure - Inclination angles - Influence coefficient - Light transmittance - Mean indoor temperature - Performance experiment - Solar-greenhouse - Structural modeling
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 901.3 Engineering Research - 707 Illuminating Engineering - 643.1 Space Heating - 971 Social Sciences - 615.2 Solar Power - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 402 Buildings and Towers - 525 Energy Management and Conversion
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20140517250485
Title:Rheological model of konjak powder-chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blending adhesive
Authors:Gu, Rong (1); Mu, Baoning (2); Guo, Kangquan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Construction Machinery, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; (2) Shaanxi Youth Vocational College, Xi'an 710068, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest AF University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Gu, R.(ronicaku@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:278-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the rapid development of our country's economy, the environmental pollution has become more serious. Developing environment-friendly wood adhesive and understanding its key processes in plywood production are important for Chinese wood industries. Our studies showed that the konjak powder-chitosan-PVA blending adhesive had good bonding strength performance and water resistance performance that complied with the national standards. This study also verified that blending the three kinds of polymer materials had good compatibility. Hot pressing process parameters including gelling temperature, glass transition temperature, hot pressing temperature, gel time were obtained from the rheological behavior of blending adhesive. The rheological behavior of blending adhesive was further investigated by using TA Rheometer through scanned konjak powder-chitosan-PVA blending adhesive. The results indicated that curing process mainly occurred at 100-160&deg;C dynamic temperature could sweep from 20-190&deg;C. The relationship between complex viscosity and time at 120, 130, 140 and 150&deg;C was characterized based on the steady-state curves and dynamic rheological curves. A chemrheological model based on Dual-Arrhenius equation was developed for this adhesive from estimate of zero shear viscosity and other model parameters. Finally, the viscosity and process conditions of the adhesive were predicated. The results showed that: By dynamic temperature sweep, when the temperature was low, the complex viscosity of adhesive decreases slowly; when the temperature increases to the gelation temperature, the complex viscosity decreased rapidly; when the temperature increased to about 160&deg;C, the complex viscosity arised a plateau and increased sharply above 160&deg;C. When controlling the temperature of 120~150&deg;C for experimental research of viscosity -temperature-time, the visctsity increased with the increasing of time. Based on the isothermal time sweep, complex viscosity of adhesive increased gradually at beginning, and then it rose sharply through their respective inflection points, the higher the temperature the shorter curing thickening time. This adhesive followed the Cox-Merz Rule, the corresponding relationship of the complex viscosity and shear viscosity can be developed by comparing the steady-state curves and dynamic rheological curves. The relative viscosity characteristics of adhesive followed the Dual-Arrhenius equation at 100~160&deg;C. The ideal pressure time was after reaching the temperature at 130&deg;C about 15-20 min. The model simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This model can be used to predict the technological parameters of hot-pressing process of plywood, and simulate the viscosity changes dynamically throughout the hot-pressing process.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Blending
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Chitosan - Gelation - Hot pressing - Models - Plywood - Polyvinyl alcohols - Rheology - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Dual-Arrhenius equation - Environmental pollutions - Experimental research - Hot pressing temperature - Konjac glucomannan - Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) - Rheological behaviors - Technological parameters
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 812.1 Ceramics - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20140517248376
Title:Whiteflies counting with K-means clustering and ellipse fitting
Authors:Wang, Zhibin (1); Wang, Kaiyi (1); Zhang, Shuifa (1); Liu, Zhongqiang (1); Mu, Cuixia (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Department of Computer Science, China Women's University, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author:Wang, K.(wangky@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:105-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Insect pests are one of the important factors leading to crop loss. Accurate insect counts provide an important basis for pest detection, and for proper preventive measures to be taken. At present, the common counting methods are mainly based on computer vision, but this type of technology primarily has the following problems: 1) how to determine the threshold of image segmentation. The effects of the algorithms are unsatisfactory, as their thresholds or parameters are fixed when they are used to segment insect images. 2) Most counting algorithms are mainly aimed at one certain crop for learning and testing. If applied to other crops, their portability is poor, and the counting results are inaccurate. Therefore, how to improve the generalization and accuracy of counting algorithm is an important direction for research on a counting method based on machine vision. To solve the above problems, a novel counting algorithm for whiteflies based on k-means clustering and ellipse fitting method was proposed in this paper. It combined k-means clustering algorithm with ellipse fitting and automatically learned the features of whiteflies and background to segment and count whitefly images accurately. First, whitefly image were segmented by a k-means clustering algorithm to separate the whiteflies from the background, and then the segmentation results were fitted using an ellipse fitting based on least square method and adding up the ellipse number. The color features of the ellipse centers were extracted as new centers of classes. The segmentation and counting was iterated until the difference between two continuous counts met the needs of the algorithm and the convergence ellipse count was output as the number of whiteflies. Moreover, to improve the adaptability of the algorithm to count whiteflies on various crops, the whitefly images to be counted were parted into blocks and the center block was used to learn the features of whiteflies such as color, size, and area. The learned result was set as the initial value of the algorithm. Thus, the accuracy and generalization of the algorithm was improved. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the counting experiment was performed on whitefly images of cayenne peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, and eggplants respectively. These images were captured in the open environment from Xiao Tang Shan field research and a demonstration base of national precision agriculture in Beijing. The experimental results compared to that of the threshold method and the K-means clustering method showed that: 1) The count results of the proposed method had a high accuracy in cayenne peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, and eggplants. The error rates of the pepper were 1.54%, 2.86%, and 4.00%; eggplant, 1.56%; tomato, 5.00%; cucumber, 11.30% and 5.71%. 2) The proposed method had better image segmentation results and higher count accuracy, compared to the threshold method and the K-means clustering method. Moreover, the counting error rate was decreased by 12.46% and 70.18% respectively. 3) The adaptive method learns the features of whiteflies such as color, sharpness, and size in the image to be counted, which is propitious for the accurate segmentation and counting of whitefly images. 4) The method makes the most of two important visual features of whiteflies, color and shape, and combines them by image segmentation and ellipse fitting to further increase the accuracy of the count results.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Clustering algorithms - Color - Computer vision - Crops - Fruits - Geometry - Least squares approximations - Pest control
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic counting - Ellipse fitting - Ellipse fitting method - K-means clustering - K-Means clustering algorithm - K-means clustering method - Precision Agriculture - Whitefly
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 741.2 Vision - 741.1 Light/Optics - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20140517248365
Title:Mechanism of plant lateral root reinforcing soil based on CT scan and mesomechanics analysis
Authors:Zhou, Yunyan (1); Xu, Kun (1); Chen, Jianping (1); Wang, Xiaomei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Y.(zhouyunyan369@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the mechanism of soil reinforcement and slope protection by plant roots, in this paper, the mechanical characteristics of roots on soil stabilization were discussed from the meso angle, and using a CT triaxial apparatus developed at the Yangtze River Scientific Research, a series of unconsolidated-undrained CT real-time triaxial shear test of the non-rooted clay sample and two kinds of Broussonetia papyrifera-rooted clay samples with different root diameters were carried out. Through a quantitative analysis of CT scan data of three sections at the different strain for three kinds of samples, it was found that both the downward section of (mean CT number) ME-&Epsilon;1 curve and the upward section of (the variance of CT number) SD-&Epsilon;1 curve of the non-rooted soils had a greater changing amplitude than those of the rooted soils in three different scan layer sections. It indicated that the internal defects of the rooted soil grew more slowly and weakly, the initiation and propagation of internal cracks slower, and the roots resist cracks. This paper focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of CT scanning images of the height of a 7/16 cross section at the different strain for three kinds of soil samples. Using the program self-prepared in Matlab software, the CT scan images were binarized, and the statistical crack data of the scan layer section were obtained including the crack rate of cross section, the total crack size in the area near the root and beyond the root respectively, and the length and width of the maximum crack area. Through the comparative analysis of CT scan images evolution under pressure and the statistical crack data of them for the non-rooted soils and the rooted soils, the fundamental differences in destruction process of the soil and crack propagation between the non-rooted soil and the rooted soil were described, thus exposing the crack resistance and the bridging effect of roots. It was concluded that the mesomechanics mechanism of roots reinforcement is mainly the crack resistance and the bridging effect of root on the soil.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Computerized tomography
Controlled terms:Cracks - MATLAB - Mechanical properties - Reinforcement - Slope protection - Slope stability - Soil mechanics - Soils - Stabilization - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Initiation and propagation - Mechanical characteristics - Mesomechanics - Mesomechanics analysis - Qualitative and quantitative analysis - Root reinforcement - Scientific researches - Tri-axial shear tests
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801 Chemistry - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20140517248385
Title:Simulation analysis on influencing factors of reclamation soil compaction in mechanical compaction process
Authors:Liu, Ning (1); Li, Xinju (1); Guo, Bi (2); Min, Xiangyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (2) Department of Architectural Engineering, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Weifang 262500, China
Corresponding author:Li, X.(lxj0911@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:183-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soil compaction resulted from mechanical rolling is one of the major problems in land reclamation. There are a lot of factors that influence soil compaction apart from soil properties, and also mechanical pressure, soil layer, and times of compaction etc. Based on the statistical theory, this article focused on a 2&times;5&times;4 mixed experimental design and established a simulation experimental area that employed a heavy punch to simulate the two compact machineries for respectively once, three times, five times, seven times, and nine times. Each fall depth for every compact punch on the soil would be measured. Afterwards, the soil compaction gauge was used to measure the soil compaction changes in different layers. At last, variance analysis in SPSS was conducted and a comparison of random pairs, with the intention of finding influential factors of soil density in the mechanical compaction process and the varied range and preconditions of each factor. The results derived were as follows: (1) A size increase of the compact machinery roller wheels can effectively reduce mechanical compaction on the soil. Since the ground contact area was relatively small when the wheel dumper ran, soil compaction was increasingly seriously affected in the land reclamation process. In the process of machinery compaction, soil fall depth reflects the soil compaction degree, to some extent, and can serve common farmland cultivation as one of the indicators for a preliminary judgment on soil compaction. (2) Compact machinery, soil layer, and times of compaction are all notable factors influencing soil compaction, all of whose contribution rate is highly above random error. The interactive effect, especially between the compact machinery and times of compaction, had a remarkable and profound effect on soil compaction. (3) Different compact machineries of varied weights and ground contact areas would lead to different compaction effects. The dump truck crushed down into 30cm on the upper layer and realized the maximum compaction after five times of compaction, while the crawler dozer needed seven times for the same outcome. (4) In the process of machinery compaction, the soil compaction in different layers did not remain the same. When the soil was less compacted, the upper layer would experience a skyrocketing soil compaction, and the compaction degree declines in a deeper layer. When times of compaction are increased, the soil compaction difference between each layer narrows. The mid-layer (&gt; 20-30 cm) features a comparatively high compaction under upward and downward stress. (5) The times of machinery compaction had a remarkable effect on soil compaction. Five times of dump truck compaction and seven times of crawler dozer compaction generally achieve the same compaction degree in comparative soil. In addition, the physical property of soil was severely destroyed, which resulted in soil clay or hardening. Therefore, the type of construction machinery and times of compaction must be controlled in land reclamation. (6) Different compaction times had different depth influences and degrees on soil compaction. Initial compaction is most obvious on soil compaction. Single compaction effect on soil compaction will be gradually reduced when the times of compaction are increased in a certain range. A continuous increase of compaction times enforces lower layer compaction though, yet crawls slowly upward. Repeated single compaction of small pressure on soil indeed cannot be ignored. (7) Models were establish built on correlations between soil compaction and press, times of compaction, and soil layer to judge rough soil compaction under different conditions. In addition, improvement measures for land reclamation are defined as the next research focus.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Compaction
Controlled terms:Construction equipment - Factor analysis - Land reclamation - Machinery - Reclamation - Soil mechanics - Soils - Trucks - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Construction machinery - Improvement measure - Influencing factors - Influential factors - Mechanical compaction - Mechanical pressure - Reclamation process - Simulation analysis
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 601.2 Machine Components - 601 Mechanical Design - 536.1 Powder Metallurgy Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 405.1 Construction Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20140517248384
Title:Key research fields and basic directions of Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation in transitional period
Authors:Feng, Yingbin (1); Yang, Qingyuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Q.(yizyang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:175-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This paper presents a comprehensive discussion on the macro-background and real requirements of Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation in a transitional period in the perspective of transformational development of Chinese socio-economy, and then undertook a further study to sum up the key research fields and basic directions of Chinese rural land comprehensive consolidation, which have made theoretical and practical significance of solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and promoting rural and urban integrated development. The results have shown Chinese socio-economy has been in a key stage of transformational development with many kinds of acute contradictions, while Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation can systematical break the urban-rural dual structure and make progress in integrating economic and social development in urban and rural areas, and it should promote new rural construction and rural-urban integrated development based on the rural areas. Agricultural land consolidation, land development that is suitable to cultivation, and rural residential land consolidation have been the key research fields and core contents of Chinese rural-land comprehensive consolidation. And the development of socio-economy has a characteristic of stages, and China will be entered into modernized society in the middle of the 21st century as a whole. Chinese future rural-land comprehensive consolidation should be focused on the following aspects: (1) based on the improvement of ecological environment, it should take ecological civilization construction into the whole progress of rural land consolidation, and complete spatial pattern of landscape diversity in the ecological system. (2) in the purpose of adopting to the requirements of modernized agricultural development, which are specialization, standardization, scale, and intensive development, it should make an technological systems integration of rural land comprehensive consolidation in the following aspects, which separately are key consolidation issues, engineering standards, construction models, and operation modes, and the aims are to develop the agricultural mechanization level and promote the raising of farmers' income. (3) taking rural-urban integration as the purpose, on the premise of clearing farmers' land property rights, and based on the criteria of maintaining farmers' reasonable benefits, it should guarantee farmers' land value increment and realize the transition from government-dominated to government-guiding. (4) based on the diversity of nature, economy, and society in Chinese regions, it should enhance the three characteristics of rural land, which can be stated as resource, property, and capital; and make demonstration effects of rural land comprehensive consolidation prominent by the way of undertaking contiguous consolidation. Meanwhile, based on the multi-functionality of rural land comprehensive consolidation, it should make assessments on the social, economical, and ecological effects of land comprehensive consolidation in multi-regions and multi-dimensions. This paper considered that it should enhance the fund raising and benefits distribution, strengthen the adjustment of land property rights, and promote the innovations of rural-land comprehensive consolidation systems and mechanisms in the process of rural land comprehensive consolidation. In addition, based on the current stage of regional socio-economical development and basic conditions of rural infrastructure facilities, it should choose a transitional path of rural land comprehensive consolidation, which is in accordance with the actual regional situation, to promote the interactive development of urban and rural areas.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Cultivation - Ecology - Economics - Land use - Machinery - Models - Research - Rural areas - Stages  - Standardization
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Agricultural mechanization - Basic directions - Ecological environments - Economic and social development - Research fields - Transition - Urban-rural dual structures
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 601 Mechanical Design - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 402.2 Public Buildings
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20140517248380
Title:Design and test on real-time measurement system of mat roller workload for sunlight greenhouse
Authors:Sun, Hao (1); Teng, Guanghui (1); Zhang, Xiaofei (1); He, Guirong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) China Agricultural University Jinwang (Beijing) Agricultural Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Teng, G.(futong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:138-145
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In the paper, a study was conducted on the workload change of a mat rolling machine, which belongs to the agricultural machinery research of a sunlight greenhouse. The specific content is the on-line measurement for the mat roller workload on the foundation of the summarization of current related research. To be exact, first, the paper analyzes the working conditions and operating feature of the mat roller. Then, choosing a dynamic torque sensor of the strain gauge type, the real-time load measurement system was designed and developed on the LabVIEW platform, with the application of VI (virtual instrument) technology. Finally, the on-line test system for mat roller workload was launched and completed, whose main hardware was composed of the sensor and the signal amplifier, the data acquisition card, the electrical control system for mat roller, the stroke limiter, and the accessory device for sensor installation, etc. Additionally, its staple software function consisted of acquiring data, processing data, saving data, and automatically controlling the mat roller. Generally, the rollers can be divided into the reel-type and the rope-type in light of its working principle. We choose the side mat roller with a reel pushing up covering and the rear mat roller with a rope pulling up covering as subjects. Therefore, for one thing, aiming at the reel-type, load change was measured out when employing heat-insulating coverings of two materials and three lengths. For another, aiming at the rope-type, load change was measured out when utilizing heat-insulating coverings of three materials and two conditions (dryness and wetness). Specifically, in the beginning, prior to have the workload test, the sensor was calibrated, together with systematically testing the system. Next, during the test, according to the different rolling machines, diverse sunlight greenhouses were selected while with the same type of roller was utilized. Secondly, regarding test data collection, after configuring a collected sample of 1, 000 and a sampling frequency of 10, 000 S/s, the mean value was acquired as the instant load at the moment by means of using the LabVIEW statistical module to count and analyze the sample. Thirdly, the roller ran continuously, thereby gathering the data that represented the load variation. Eventually, when the test was complete, the acquired data was disposed and analyzed with Excel spreadsheet software. The test, measuring the instant loads of a reel-type roller and a rope-type roller respectively, is the initial study on the real-time measurement for roller workload, whose entire data error does not exceed &plusmn; 6N. m. The results of the test showed that first, the mat roller with a reel pushing up acquires the maximum working load at the top of the sunlight greenhouse while the rear mat roller with a rope pulling up receives the maximum working load in an uncertain position. Secondly, the working load of the rope-type, whose change curve is more modest, is far less than that of the reel-type. Additionally, the rope-type mat roller, currently used in the production, has an overlarge maximum load. Finally, the study was initially focused on actually measuring the workload of the mat roller, thereby having some deficiencies. And there are three suggestions that can be carried out on deepening the research, including increasing the length of heat-insulating coverings, analyzing the relationship between the front roof slope of the sunlight greenhouse and the workload of the mat roller, and actually measuring the workload variation curves of the front mat roller with a reel pushing up covering.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Rollers (machine components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Data acquisition - Data handling - Greenhouses - Insulation - Loading - Reels - Research - Rope - Sensors  - Software testing - Testing - Time measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Data acquisition cards - Electrical control system - On-line measurement - Real time measurements - Sampling frequencies - Sensor installation - Software functions - Virtual instrument
Classification code:943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 801 Chemistry - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 672 Naval Vessels - 601.2 Machine Components - 535 Rolling, Forging and Forming - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 413 Insulating Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20140517248390
Title:Simulation of topographic reconstruction of abandoned mine based on sub-watershed natural geomorphology
Authors:Yang, Cuixia (1); Zhao, Tingning (1); Xie, Baoyuan (1); Cao, Fucun (2); Zhang, Chengliang (3); Zhang, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (3) Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100089, China
Corresponding author:Xie, B.(xie4412@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:236-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Topographic reconstruction is a crucial part of land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation because the resulting geography landscapes are the foundations for all subsequent reclamation practices and the surfaces for future land uses. It is also ranked among the most important research technical problems. Nature can provide analogues for mined or mining landscapes during disturbed-land reclamation according to landscape stability and according to the reconstructed structure blending in with the surrounding undisturbed landscape. In terms of the watershed geomorphology and the principle of self-similarity theory, the sub-catchments and channels of abandoned mines were re-planned by using ArcGIS soft technology and a practical survey in this paper. At the same time, the topography characteristics of adjacent, undisturbed catchments were calculated by applying an ArcGIS Hydrologic analysis tool, which was taken as the following simulation reference standard. Then the topography in a sub-watershed unit in the Huangyuan abandoned quarry project of Fangshan county in Beijing city was reconstructed by using a Geofluv (Natural Regrade) module driven by geomorphic principles, in which this module simulated the function of the natural landscape that would evolve over time under the physical and climatic conditions present at the site to water and sediment from the land surface in a stable hydrologic equilibrium. Moreover, the theory and technical method of the reconstructed topography were studied. The initial study of the sub-watershed on the undisturbed landform in the project's vicinity were selected and calculated to develop a stable channel design and reconstruction guidelines by using GIS spatial analysis tools, and the selected geomorphologic characteristics index were first and second order sub-watershed, the average sub-watershed area, main channel, drainage density, watershed roundness, average elevation difference, and average slope, which provided targets for topographic reconstruction. In this case, the average second order drainage density that represented the stable sub-watershed size for the local condition was 13.84km/km2.Moreover, the average second order drainage density of the reconstructed topography which simulated the natural landform evolution to the stage in balance with the local environmental condition was 14.52km/km2 on the basis of a re-planning of reconstruction sub-watershed and main channel, which achieved the desired design goals. The results showed that the reconstructed Huangyuan topography in which the hydrologic and fluvial geomorphic analyses and stable channel parameters were determined, and based on site-specific data, were relatively economical, stable, and natural, which was similar to the undisturbed catchments' geomorphology. Finally, the relationship of geomorphologic characteristics between the reconstructed sub-watershed and the undisturbed ones was analyzed and the ratio of the index was almost similar. A topographic reconstruction simulated a relatively stable sub-watershed performed by geomorphic processes with the creation of a basin composed of slope and channels in orderly spatial arrangements and functioning for the transportation of water and sediment. The geomorphic information entropy analysis showed that the geomorphology changed very slowly after topographic reconstruction and the erosions on watershed were also gradually reduced. This study provided a novel viewpoint for the topographic reconstruction of an abandoned mine.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Watersheds
Controlled terms:Abandoned mines - Blending - Catchments - Geographic information systems - Geomorphology - Image reconstruction - Land reclamation - Landforms - Mines - Runoff  - Tools - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Ecological rehabilitation - Environmental conditions - Geomorphic analysis - Information entropy - Spatial analysis tools - Spatial arrangements - Topographic reconstruction
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723.3 Database Systems - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 603 Machine Tools - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 481.1.1 Geomorphology - 481.1 Geology - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20140517250484
Title:Synthesis of biodiesel using carbon-based solid acid catalyst under pressure
Authors:Si, Zhan (1); Jiang, Jianchun (1); Wang, Kui (1); Xu, Junming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (2) National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing 210042, China; (3) Key of Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, China; (4) Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, J.(bio-energy@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:169-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Due to the environmental pollution caused by the widely use of and the depletion of fossil energy resources, the search for renewable energy has gained worldwide attention. Biodiesel has been considered as an alternativeto conventional fuels, because it is biodegradable and has high cetane number, low aromatic hydrocarbon content and excellent lubrication performance. Traditionally, the catalysts used for the esterification of inedible oil into biodiesel are liquid acids such as sulfuric acid, which is corrosive and difficult to reprocess. To alleviate these problems, a carbon-based solid acid catalyst was developed by the sulfonation of incompletely carbonized cellulose. The cellulose was heated at an 500&deg;C under N<inf>2</inf> flow about 11 hrs to produce incomplete carbonization. The resulting material with 4 g was then ground to powders and heated in 50 mL of concentrated H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> (98%) under N<inf>2</inf> flow to introduce SO<inf>3</inf>H into the aromatic carbon rings. The catalyst was characterized by a series of measurements. The layer structure was found from the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the prepared carbon material. The BET result showed the catalyst had no pore structure on the SEM image. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of carbon material after the sulfonation showed broad and weak diffraction peaks attributable to amorphous carbon composed of aromatic carbon sheets oriented in a considerably random fashion. The temperature programmed desorption of NH<inf>3</inf> (NH<inf>3</inf>-TPD) profiles showed that the catalyst had two distinct desorption peaks from 100 to 300&deg;C and 750 to 800&deg;C that were assigned to two types of acid sites. The low and high temperature peaks were corresponded to the weak and strong acid sites, respectively. The catalytic performance of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel was investigated via the esterification of palmitic acid and methanol. The effects of reaction conditions (molar ratio of methanol to palmitic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst amount) on esterification efficiency were investigated. Comparison of catalytic activities among carbon-based solid acid catalyst, concentrated sulfuric acid and para-toluenesulfonic acid were conducted under pressure. The results indicated that the optimal molar ratio of methanol to palmitic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst amount was 10:1, 110&deg;C, 2 h, and 5% (based on the mass of palmitic acid), respectively. The catalytic activity of carbon-based solid acid catalyst was higher than the other two catalysts. In order to evaluate the reusability, the catalyst was recovered for further conversion of palmitic acid under the optimized conditions through simple filtering. The conversion ratio was still above 60% after the catalyst was reused for four times. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was used for analyzing the product oil components. The content of the fatty acid methyl esters in the product oil was 93.8%, which consisted mainly of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester of 11.8%, octadecadienoic acid methyl ester of 26.6%, eicosenoic acid methyl ester of 10.7%, docosenoic acid methyl ester of 10.6% and docosanoic acid methyl ester of 5.8%.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Linoleic acid
Controlled terms:Amorphous carbon - Aromatic compounds - Aromatization - Biodiesel - Carbonization - Catalyst activity - Catalysts - Cellulose - Energy resources - Esterification  - Esters - Methanol - Optimization - Palmitic acid - Reusability - Saturated fatty acids - Scanning electron microscopy - Sulfonation - Sulfuric acid - Temperature programmed desorption  - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon-based solid acid - Carbon-based solid acid catalysts - Concentrated sulfuric acids - Environmental pollutions - Fatty acid methyl ester - Lubrication performance - Powder X ray diffraction - The scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 813.2 Coating Materials - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 741.1 Light/Optics - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 523 Liquid Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20140517250483
Title:Hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow under soil crusts condition
Authors:Wu, Qiuju (1); Wu, Faqi (1); Wang, Linhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment Research, Northwest A F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wu, F.(wufaqi@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:We investigated the effects of soil crusts on soil erosion mechanism and their relationship, and series of the runoff scouring experiments were conducted in the Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Laboratory in Northwest A&amp;F University. Two soil surface conditions-the crusts surface and the no crusts surface (control) were explored in our studies. The slope of the scouring trough was set up at 10&deg; (17.6%), five flow rates (1.0, 1.4, 2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 L/min) were used to scour the soil. The flow velocity was measured by the staining method. The flow width was measured by a ruler on the top, central and bottom of slope. The water temperature was measured by a thermometer. The sediment discharge rate was collected at the end of the scouring trough. Then the hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow (the average flow velocity, the average flow depth, the Reynolds number, the shear stress, the stream power and the resistance coefficient) and the relation between hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow and soil erosion were analyzed. There was a significant effect of soil crusts on hydrodynamic characteristics. The Reynolds number under soil crusts surface was less than 500, which meant the overland flow was laminar flow. The flow velocity was greater on soil crusts surface than that without soil crusts surface, while the flow depth, the shear stress, the stream power and the soil erosion was much lower on soil crusts surface than that without soil crusts surface. The correlation between soil erosion and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow was significant (Regression coefficient R &gt;0.90). Soil erosion had a positive linear correlation with Reynolds number and the logarithm of shear stress and stream power, while had a negative liner correlation with resistance coefficient. Therefore, the existence of soil crusts is helpful to reduce soil erosion from the runoff perspective. Due to the importance of the rainfall factor, it is better to study the effect of soil crusts on soil erosion by combing the raindrop splashing and runoff souring factors.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Erosion - Flow velocity - Hydrodynamics - Laboratories - Laminar flow - Reynolds number - Runoff - Shear stress - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Crusts - Engineering laboratories - Flow - Hydrodynamic characteristics - Regression coefficient - Resistance coefficients - Soil and water conservation - Stream power
Classification code:631 Fluid Flow - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 801 Chemistry - 444.1 Surface Water - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20140517248370
Title:Effect of structure parameters of exhausted tube in steady fogger on thermal atomizing effect of hot fogging concentrate
Authors:Xu, Linyun (1); Zhou, Hongping (1); Gao, Shaoyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Corresponding author:Xu, L.(lyxu@njfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:40-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Features of a truck-mounted fogger powered with a steady combustor are high efficiency, low usage, and low cost in control of forestry pest insects and diseases. The structure parameters of its exhausted tube are the key factors to affect oil solvent insecticide to atomize thermodynamically. We studied 3 types of atomizers: ring atomizer, coniform atomizer and column atomizer; 6 location points for the ring atomizer placed inner of the exhausted tube from 250 to 500 mm away from the exit of the exhausted tube; 3 structure parameters of a ring atomizer as jet flow direction of the orifices, orifice number and diameter; 3 jet flow directions as parallel to airflow, to center of pesticide ring and at 45&deg; to airflow direction; 3 different diameters of exhausted-tubes as &phi;70, &phi;90, and &phi;110 mm, which the experiment for atomizing effect was done respectively. The results showed that the ring atomizer was most effective in thermal atomizing; there were the defect phenomena with a coniform atomizer or a column atomizer, such as dropping liquid at the exit of the exhaust tube and combusting flame in the fog. However, the atomizing effect with the coniform atomizer was better than that of the column atomizer. The thermal fogging concentrate can atomize completely to uniform, fine droplets whose size distribution was in a narrow range of 4-6 &mu;m, when the ring atomizer was positioned inner a &phi;70 mm exhaust tube and in the range of 250-350 mm away from the exit of the exhaust tube. With the &phi;90 mm or &phi;110 mm exhausted tube, there were two droplet distribution regions: 4-7 &mu;m for the fine droplet group whose volume ratio to total droplet volume was less than 16%, and 7-226 &mu;m for the coarse droplet group,. The vast majority of coarse droplets could not be completely atomized thermodynamically. The relative span of droplet was only 0.18 &mu;m for the &phi;70 mm exhaust tube, but were much higher (2.48 and 2.65 &mu;m) for the &phi;90 and &phi;110 mm exhaust tubes respectively. The parameters for a ring atomizer, such as the diameter, number and jet flow direction of the orifices basically did not affect the thermal atomizing performance. Thus, in the process of thermal atomizing for hot fogging concentrate, atomizer type, the exhaust tube diameter, and the position of the atomizer were the main factors influencing the performance of a thermal atomizer.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Tubes (components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Atomization - Atomizers - Combustors - Disease control - Drops - Fog dispersal - Optimization - Orifices - Spraying  - Thermal spraying
Uncontrolled terms:Atomizing effect - Defect phenomena - Droplet distribution - Droplet volume - Exhaust tubes - Location points - Structure parameter - Thermal atomizing
Classification code:821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 461.7 Health Care - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 431.4 Airports - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20140517248377
Title:Design and experiment based on wireless sensor network with 780 MHz in greenhouse
Authors:Chen, Xiaodong (1); Guo, Pingyi (1); Lan, Yanting (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (2) School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Corresponding author:Guo, P.(pyguo@sxau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:113-120
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In recent years, a wireless sensor network (WSN) technique was widely applied in the field of agriculture, which detects, senses, and collects information of various environments or objectives in the network area, and at the same time sends and receives data through wireless and self-organizing multi-hop routing links. Due to the complexity of the agricultural environment and various factors like barriers, weather condition, structure, materials, and the layout of facility agriculture that all affect the WSN communication quality, wireless sensor networks adapt dissimilarly to agricultural environment. Therefore, how to achieve the best networking to different agricultural environment conditions, minimize the cost and energy consumption, and improve the performance of the network transmission turn out to be the key issue in the studying of agricultural wireless sensor networks. Aiming at the problems of previous agricultural wireless sensor networks, such as high cost, high-energy consumption, and non-ideal transmission performance, this paper designed, with chips of AT86RF212 and C8051F920 a new type of wireless sensor network which works on a Chinese dedicated band of 780 MHz and is compatible with the IEEE802.15.4c standard for a greenhouse. This paper briefly described the structure of wireless sensor network node, mainly introduced the hardware design of a 780MHz wireless sensor network, and also tested and analyzed the received signal strength index (RSSI) and the average packet loss rate (PLR) of the wireless sensor network node in 433 MHz, 780 MHz, and 2.4 GHz bands by changing the wireless communication distance in a typical northern solar greenhouses working as the experimental environment. The experimental results showed that RSSI of wireless transceiver modules in the three different bands decreased with the increasing of the communication distance. The RSSI values of the three wireless transceiver modules were similar to each other when the communication distance in a greenhouse was less than 20 m. When the distance reached 40-90 m, the module in 780MHz showed a slightly larger RSSI value than the 433 MHz module while the. 4GHz module had the smallest RSSI. Within the 90m communication distance range in a greenhouse, packet loss rates (PLR) of both 780 MHz and 433 MHz modules were 0.For the 2.4 GHz module, packet loss took place at a distance of 80 m and when it went to 90 m, the maximal PLR was 5%. When the communication distance was 50-90 m between greenhouses, the RSSI of the 780 MHz and 433 MHz modules were close. The RSSI value of the 780 MHz module was higher than that of the 433 MHz module when the wireless communication distance exceeded 90m. For the 2.4 GHz wireless module, the RSSI value was lower than both the 780 MHzand 433 MHz modules' when communication distance between greenhouses was 50-140 m. Packet loss occurred to the 433 MHz module when the distance was over 100 m, and when it went to 140 m, the maximal PLR was 11%. Packet loss took place to the 2.4 GHz module if the communication distance between greenhouses exceeded 70 m, and when it was over 135 m, the PLR reached 100%. For the 780 MHz band wireless module, packet loss took place when the communication distance between greenhouses was over 125 m, and when the distance was 140 m, the maximal PLR was smaller than 6%, which allows the reliable wireless transmission between greenhouses to proceed. Above all, the transmission characteristics of the wireless sensor networks in the 433 MHz and 780 MHz bands were obviously better than the WSN of a 2.4 GHz band in the application of greenhouse environmental monitoring. The 780 MHz band WSN was even superior as to transmission and communication quality performance.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Communication - Complex networks - Data transfer - Energy utilization - Greenhouses - Packet loss - Standards - Transceivers - Wireless sensor networks  - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:780 MHz band - Agricultural environments - Environmental Monitoring - Experimental environment - Received signal strength indices (RSSI) - Received signals - Transmission characteristics - Transmission performance
Classification code:821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20140517248367
Title:Parameters optimization and experiment of corn-paper transplanting machine with seedling disk
Authors:Zhou, Fujun (1); Lu, Jie (1); Du, Jiaxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, F.(fjzhou@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:30
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2014
Publication year:2014
Pages:18-24
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Seedling transplanting technologies can greatly improve crop yield, in order to further improve the seedling planting quality of transplanting machine, the working parameters of disc type planting apparatus of corn transplanter were analyzed, the influence law of working parameters on the plant quality was studied through soil-bin test. The orthogonal rotation combination test was conducted, which took location of furrow opener, the depth into the soil of furrow opener and backfill shovel inclined angle as input variables, and took upright degree and coefficient of variation of row spacing as response. By using Design-expert regression analysis method and response surface method, the effects of three factors on test indexes were analyzed. The results indicated that with the parameters of furrow opener position was 50 mm, backfill shovel inclined angle was 40&deg; and the depth into the soil of furrow opener was 115 mm, the percent of pass of upright degree was higher than 93%, the coefficient of spacing deviation was less than 12%. The optimized parameters can meet the need of corn transplanting mechanical performance and provide basis for further research.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Optimization - Plants (botany) - Regression analysis - Shovels - Soils - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:Depth into of furrow - Inclined Angle - Opener position - Parameters - Pot seedling
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 462.4 Prosthetics - 461.9 Biology - 405.1 Construction Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.01.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.