<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20135017075637
Title:Study on thermal behavior and ice crystal formation in pressure shift freezing of shrimp
Authors:Su, Guangming (1); Ramaswamy, Hosahalli S. (2); Zhu, Songming (1); He, Jinsong (1); Yu, Yong (1); Zhou, Minsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (2) Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H9X3V9, Canada
Corresponding author:Zhu, S.(zhusm@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:267-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the production of high valued shrimp frozen by different methods, fresh shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were frozen either by pressure shift freezing (PSF) at 100 MPa (-8.4°C), 150 MPa (-14°C) and 200 MPa (-20°C) or by air blast freezing (ABF) at -20°C and liquid immersion freezing (LIF) at -20°C. Thermal behavior and ice crystal formed in the freezing process are characterized as indicators of the fitness of the freezing methods on shrimp, therefore, the temperature and phase transformations of the shrimp samples were recorded during different freezing processes, and the microstructures of ice crystals formed were analyzed for cross-section area, equivalent diameter, roundness and elongation, ice size, shape, and location. These factors were evaluated and compared in different freezing processes. The mean (±standard deviation) cross-section area of ice crystals were: 5002.47±2655.13, 901.79±392.23, 2851.93±1429.96, 1364.42±397.66 and 597.36±216.49 μm<sup>2</sup> for the shrimp samples subjected to air blast freezing, liquid immersion freezing and three levels of pressure shift freezing at 100, 150, and 200 MPa, respectively, as compared with that of the muscle fibers (6.23±1.71 μm<sup>2</sup>). The roundness of the ice crystals formed in different freezing processes was: 0.73±0.10, 0.86±0.09, 0.87±0.10, 0.90±0.06 and 0.85±0.07 for shrimp, respectively, while the roundness of the muscle fibers was 0.95±0.09. The elongation of the formed ice crystals in shrimp samples were 2.11±0.58, 1.65±0.41, 1.54±0.34, 1.55±0.29 and 1.58±0.36, respectively, while the elongation of the fresh muscle was 1.52±0.25. Air blast freezing, which finished the ice formation process within 154 min, created larger and irregular ice crystals, which resulted in severe and irreversible damage to shrimp muscles and caused degradation of the value of the shrimp. Liquid immersion freezing produced smaller ice crystals than air blast freezing and finished the freezing process at a higher speed within 5.9 min. The quick process created finer ice crystals than air blast freezing, while the ice crystals were less regular than that of the pressure shift freezing (PSF) processes. Pressure shift freezing created a better ice crystal with a smaller cross-section area, higher roundness and lower elongation, especially at a higher pressure level within the pressure range of 0.1-200 MPa. The ice crystals formed in the PSF process were distributed all over the sample. What's more, the complete ice formation time was the shortest (2.1 min) for PSF at 200 MPa, -20°C of all freezing methods in this study. Microscopic images clearly showed that the muscle fibers were well maintained in the PSF treated shrimp tissues as compared with traditional freezing methods. The area-cumulative distribution indicated that the ice crystals in the frozen shrimp created by 200 MPa PSF were the best, with smaller size, regular shape, and good distribution. The results achieved in this research provides a better understanding of the SF process of shrimp and are useful technical support for the application of PSF in shrimp preservation. PSF was concluded to be a promising freezing method for producing frozen shrimp.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Elongation - Freezing - Muscle - Shellfish - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulative distribution - Cross-section area - Equivalent diameter - Irreversible damage - Pressure shift freezing - Shrimp - Standard deviation - Thermal behaviors
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 443 Meteorology - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 822.2 Food Processing Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20135017075606
Title:Difference analysis of effect of rapid urbanization on cultivated land changes in Huang-Huai-Hai plain
Authors:Meng, Peng (1); Hao, Jinmin (1); Zhou, Ning (1); Hong, Shuman (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Corresponding author:Hao, J.(jmhao@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Through the research of the internal relations of urbanization process and cultivated land change in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the paper reveals the regularity of urbanization process in different regions. The purpose is to provide a decision basis for the preservation of cultivated land and the sustainable development of urbanization in China based on data analysis and empirical contrast. By using the method of principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression model, land use change, the quality and quantity changes of cultivated land in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were analyzed. There were obvious differences in the 5 provinces and 2 cities during the urbanization from 1997 to 2008, such as the urbanization process, the speed of economic growth, the changes of industrial structure, growth of urban land area. With the rapid urbanization, the area of cultivated land presented decreasing trend year by year. The enhancing range and the development speed of urbanization negatively related with the change intensity and reducing speed of cultivated land change, and the change also presented a wave of increase and decrease. The cultivated land change of study area showed the obvious regional characteristics. For example, the biggest decline of cultivated land area in Hebei Province reached 210, 100 hm<sup>2</sup>, while the least decline of cultivated land area in Jiangsu Province reached 26, 400 hm<sup>2</sup>. The overall quality of cultivated land presented decline trend. More than 70% percent of the occupation of the cultivated land for the urban construction was the high quality arable land with good location, irrigation facilities, highly production capacity. However, the quality of arable land newly increased by reclamation and new development was lower. By selecting population urbanization factors, economic urbanization factors, spatial urbanization factors and lifestyle urbanization factors, the index system of driving force of urbanization was established. Based on PCA, some regularities can be revealed: At first, the population growth affecting on cultivated land change in these regions was the most direct and common; Secondly, the promoting functions of economic indicators were significant different due to the features of urbanization and the level of urbanization. Next, the influence of construction land growth on cultivated land was very significant, because that the space urbanization indicators load was higher; Lastly, life urbanization indicators were positive and high load, which showed that the attractions of lifestyle including income differences have an obvious role in promoting urbanization. Based the multiple linear regression model of driving force factors of urbanization and cultivated land change, it was showed that the commonness and difference of the relationship between urbanization process and cultivated land change in different regions in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. According to those analyses, some conclusions and suggestions can be put forward. The urbanization can be promoted timely and moderately, to avoid massively occupying arable land at the expense of food security and ecological environment. So the conclusion can be drawn that occupation of less farmland, intensive use of construction land and preservation of cultivated land is the wise choice for the new urbanization development model with reasonable environmental policies.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Economic analysis - Food supply - Landforms - Linear regression - Models - Population statistics - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:Changes of cultivated lands - Cultivated lands - Driving forces - Ecological environments - Influence of construction - Multiple linear regression models - Regional characteristics - Urbanization
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 481.1 Geology - 404.2 Civil Defense - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20135017075630
Title:Comparison of oxygen-enriched performances of micropore and impeller aerators in pond
Authors:Gu, Jian (1); Xu, Hao (1); Ding, Jianle (2); Che, Xuan (1); Gu, Zhaojun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200092, China; (2) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
Corresponding author:Gu, J.(gujian@fmiri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:212-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In high stocking density closed pond aquaculture, the farmed fish will suffer death from suffocation if no additional oxygen is supplied. Currently, there are various kinds of aeration methods in China, mainly including the types of impeller, water wheel, jet, propeller, and micropore aerator. The micropore aeration as the main form of bottom aeration method has been becoming one of the main aeration methods applied and expanded in China pond aquaculture in recent years. This study aimed at a systematic comparative analysis on the aeration effect and practical usage between a micropore aerator and an impeller aerator that has the best comprehensive performance and currently holds the dominant position in mechanical aeration in China, through a clean water test and a fishpond experiment. In order to study the oxygen-enriched performance of a micropore aerator and an impeller aerator in pond fish culture, we conducted the clean water oxygen-enriched performance test with the same power (2.2 kW) micropore aerator and an impeller aerator in the standard tank with a diameter of 10 meters according to the requirements described in the fisheries industry standard-"SC/T 6009-1999, the test method of oxygen-enriched capacity for aerator. " According to the experiment requirements, the tap water which was kept for a period was deoxidized using sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), and then was aerated again, while the time-variable data of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration were measured and recorded. The oxygen-enriched capacity (Qs) and power efficiency (Es) were calculated for the impeller aerator and the micropore aerator with the obtained experiment data. The comparative experiments of actual oxygen-enriched performance and pond dissolved oxygen values variation for both aerators were conducted in a fishpond. One micropore aerator (combined with a 2.2 kW blower, 8 35-metre-long pipes were arranged in parallel with 10-meter intervals at the bottom of fish pond, the total pipe length is 280 meters.), and one 2.2 kW impeller aerator (placed at the centre of fish pond) were installed in the same fish pond. The analysis carried out with the oxygen mass transfer theory and the Fick's Law, combined with the actual aeration data, showed that the oxygen-enriched capacity and power efficiency of the micropore aerator was 82% and 84% higher than those of the impeller aerator, respectively. The oxygen-enriched capacity of a micropore aerator is better than that of an impeller aerator. However, in a fishpond, the whole pond average dissolved oxygen increment of the impeller aerator was 94% higher than that of the micropore aerator, and the impeller aerator showed a better mixing ability to pond water in the experiment. The results showed that the impeller aerator can work better to improve the whole pond dissolved oxygen levels and to reduce the oxygen difference among water layers, and the oxygen difference variance ratio between the upper layer and the lower layer in the pond that used an impeller aerator for aeration is 45.7% higher than a micropore aeration. The study findings from the fishpond experiments demonstrated that, in a fishpond in which the effective water depth is not lower than 1.5 m, an impeller aerator is more suitable for aeration in the case of the same power configuration of above-mentioned two types of aerators.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Biochemical oxygen demand - Experiments - Fish ponds - Impellers - Lakes - Microporosity - Oxygenators - Ponding - Salinity measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Aeration capacity - Comparative analysis - Comparative experiments - Comprehensive performance - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Dissolved oxygen levels - Micropores - Oxygen mass transfer
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 601.2 Machine Components - 462.2 Hospitals, Equipment and Supplies - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 453 Water Pollution - 444 Water Resources - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 402 Buildings and Towers - 445 Water Treatment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20135017075628
Title:Current situation and existing problems of agricultural informatization in China
Authors:Chen, Wei (1); Guo, Shupu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Information Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Corresponding author:Guo, S.(guoshupu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:196-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This paper analyzes the development trends of frontier technology for agricultural informatization including five aspects of agricultural sensor technology, precision farming technology, agricultural robot technology, agricultural internet of things technology, and agricultural information service technology. It also discusses the existing problems in the development of frontier technology for agricultural informatization in China and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Firstly, the paper introduces the frontier techniques for agricultural informatization. For advanced agricultural sensor technology, three types of techniques are described, namely life information sensing technique, environmental information sensing technique, and comprehensive information collecting technique. For precision farming technology and intelligent equipment, onboard farmland information collection technique, precision farming positioning and controlling technique, decision model and prescription generating technique, and precise implementation technique are described. For agricultural intelligent robot technology, terrestrial mobile platform navigation and control technique and action planning technique are introduced. For agricultural internet of things technology and equipment, several issues are discussed including the sophisticated monitoring and scheduling of resources, ecological environment monitoring and management, agricultural product quality safety traceability, etc. For agricultural information service technology, frontier techniques and applications for agricultural remote sensing and agricultural information resource value-added services are evaluated. Major problems existed in the development of agricultural informatization technology in China are also discussed. For agricultural sensor technology, the existing problems include that the agricultural information dynamic sensing technique needs to be improved, advanced agricultural sensor technique and industry development are not perfect, and agricultural sensor after-sales supports arenot sufficient. For precision farming technology and intelligent equipment, China has not had its 3S technical support system that is suitable for agricultural applications and its intelligent equipment research and development is not sufficient. For agricultural robot technology, the research direction selection is very subjective, and the research content mainly focuses on the planting industry. Leading robot research agencies rarely involve the agriculture domain. For the industrialization of agricultural robot, related domestic patents are not sufficient and foreign companies take a large market share. For agricultural internet of things technology and equipment, there are also some problems in the technology standard, security, industrialization, application and promotion. For agricultural information services, agricultural remote sensor practicality needs to be improved, software development capability is not sufficient, and the service targets are not well trained. Finally, suggestions are proposed as countermeasures to the existing problems. Agricultural information technology innovation needs to be accelerated. Major engineering projects need to be established to support the informatization development. Subsidies for agricultural informatization need to be implemented. Agricultural informatization standards and evaluation system need to be improved. Researches show that agricultural sensor technology is the basis of agricultural information acquisition and informatization. Precision farming technology represents today's advanced level of agricultural equipment. Agricultural robot technology is an important research direction for agricultural intelligent equipment in the future. Agricultural internet of things technology is an effective means of agricultural supervision and quality monitoring. Agricultural information service technology is more and more focusing on the key technical problems of cloud storage, cloud computing, cloud service and mobile internet in agricultural information services.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Environmental technology
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Competition - Industry - Information management - Information services - Information technology - Internet - Remote sensing - Research - Robots - Scheduling - Sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Advanced technology - Agricultural informations - Informatization - Internet of Things (IOT) - Precision farming
Classification code:903 Information Science - 903.4 Information Services - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 454 Environmental Engineering - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20135017075636
Title:Monitoring method for cold chain logistics of table grape based on compressive sensing
Authors:Xiao, Xinqing (1); Qi, Lin (2); Fu, Zetian (1); Zhang, Xiaoshuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(zhxshuan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:259-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A compressed data gathering method based on compressed sensing (CS) for table grape cold-chain logistics was proposed, which aimed to not only monitor the quality and safety of the table grapes and improve the transparency, but also to gather the sensing data scientifically and efficiently during cold-chain logistics. CS is a new theory by which a signal can be recovered efficiently with just a few samples. The proposed method exploits the compressibility of the signal to reduce the number of samples required to recover the sampled signal at the remote receiver. All the sensor nodes will send their sensing data to the aggregation node when they receive the control instruction that was sent by the aggregation node at the initial time of the network. The sensor nodes will discard the abnormal data and acquire again, then they will go into sleep and wait for the next control instruction when the data is sent successfully. The aggregation node will send the compressed data that was measured by using the measurement matrix to the remote data receiver by the GPRS wireless technology. The remote data receiver will finish the reconstruction of the compressed data by using the reconstruction algorithm when the compressed data is received. We adopted the Gaussian random distribution matrix as the measurement matrix and the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm as the data reconstruction algorithm, for they are the classical and efficient algorithm for the solution of the compressed sensing. In addition, we built the biorthogonal wavelet transform sparse matrix according to the characteristics of the sensing data to realize the sparse representation of the compressed data. Finally, we undertook the performance test of the method and the system under the simulation of cold-chain conditions located in the simulation lab of agricultural products traceability of College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University. The test included the reconstruction error of compressed sensing and the energy consumption of the nodes. The result showed that the method had a good compression result, whose data compression ratio can be 91%, and it could reconstruct the sensing data with high accuracy by transmitting the compressed data to the remote receiver. The absolute error of the reconstructed data of temperature and humidity was 0.07°C and 0.05% respectively under the constant temperature, 0.15°C and 0.006% respectively under the variable temperature. The voltage decay rate of the aggregation node under the compression mode was less than that under the direct mode, which showed that the method we proposed could prolong the lifetime of the network efficiently.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Algorithms - Chains - Channel estimation - Compressed sensing - Decay (organic) - Electrical engineering - Energy utilization - Logistics - Matrix algebra - Monitoring - Signal receivers - Signal reconstruction - Wireless sensor networks - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Biorthogonal wavelet transforms - Cold chain logistics - Orthogonal matching pursuit - Reconstruction algorithms - Sparse representation - Table grapes - Temperature and humidities - Wireless technologies
Classification code:811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 921.1 Algebra - 732 Control Devices - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 709 Electrical Engineering, General - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20135017075617
Title:Analysis of agricultural irrigation water-using coefficient in Xinjiang arid region
Authors:Zhou, Heping (1); Zhang, Mingyi (1); Zhou, Qi (2); Sun, Zhifeng (3); Chen, Jinlong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Water Resources Department, Urumqi 830000, China; (2) School of Life and Science of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China; (3) Wensu County Water Conservancy Bureau in Xinjiang, Urumqi, Wensu County 843100, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, H.(xjslzhp@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:100-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Irrigation water-using coefficient played an important technical role in promoting the water-using efficiency and water resources management. Researches of irrigation water-using coefficient are continuously focusing on the single method or other comprehensive theoretical study. However, based on the basic theory, it still existed problems in practical test and application. This paper used the method of the traditional channel test, typical irrigation area water utilization test and 'head to tail' test to study the irrigation comprehensive water-using coefficient in Xinjiang arid region. Traditional method of channel section test was used to get the irrigation water-using coefficient of different kinds of channel (impervious channel or non-impervious channel), and a typical irrigation field selected to detect the water-using coefficient. According to the fundamental information of annual gross water supply volume in irrigation region and net irrigation water supply volume in field area, the irrigation water-using coefficient was also calculated by the 'head to tail' test. Meanwhile, this study analyzed the influential effects of main factors in irrigation region to irrigation water-using coefficient using the Cobb-Douglas model. And the results showed that under the five modes of water diversion canal, water-filling well irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation and low pressure pipeline, the irrigation water-using coefficient are respectively as 0.370, 0.687, 0.795, 0.860, 0.800. And then under the previously mentioned five modes, the comprehensive irrigation water-using coefficient in 2011 are respectively showed as 0.498, 0.479, 0.682, 0.581. The comprehensive irrigation water-using coefficient of previously mentioned five modes in 2011 are respectively showed as 0.498, 0.479, 0.682 and 0.581 in Xinjiang irrigation region, Southern, Eastern, and Northern Xinjiang irrigation regions. Based on the Cobb-Douglas model, the result indicated that the anti-seepage, well irrigation and high efficient water-saving agriculture construction contributed significantly to enhance the comprehensive irrigation water-using coefficient. This research can provide a technical basis to control the water-using efficiency and total water resources in Xinjiang arid region.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Arid regions - Canals - Flood control - Irrigation - Irrigation canals - Management - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Testing - Water conservation - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Cobb-Douglas model - Influential effects - Irrigation water supply - Marginal effects - Sprinkler irrigation - Water resources management - Water-saving agricultures
Classification code:912.2 Management - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 407.2 Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20135017075614
Title:Performance test on solid-liquid two-phase flow hydrotransport of vortex pump
Authors:Sha, Yi (1); Liu, Xiangsong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (2) Harbin Electric Power Equipment Company Limited, Harbin 150040, China
Corresponding author:Sha, Y.(shayi01@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:76-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the solid-liquid two-phase flow hydrotransport characteristics of vortex pump, the energy consumption of pump caused by internal resistance is divided into two parts: the mechanical losses and hydraulic losses, also the calculation of mechanical efficiency η<inf>m</inf> and hydraulic efficiency η<inf>f</inf> is elaborated. This paper investigates the 32WB8-12 vortex pump's parameter of hydraulic design structure. The crops solid-liquid two-phase flow hydrotransport experiment plan is established, meanwhile the performance experiments of clean water, rapeseed, wheat and soya hydrotransport are conducted on a self-built vortex pump, after taking above experiments that the q<inf>v</inf>-H, q<inf>v</inf>-P, q<inf>v</inf>-η, q<inf>v</inf>-NPSH<inf>c</inf> curves are obtained. The experimental results indicates the pump's hydrotransport efficiency of spherical rapeseed is higher than clean water's and the others' two-phase flow. The pump anti-cavitations are reduced with the solid-liquid two-phase flow hydrotransport. The head and hydrotransport efficiency of pump ordinarily decrease with increased particle size under the condition of constant particle concentration. Moreover, the hydraulic efficiency of transporting regular sphere shape particles such as rapeseed is higher than the clean water's, wheat's and soya's. The characteristics are considered based on the slip flow with the principle of relativity that sliding liner and rotary motion between particles and fluid flow. Associated with particle's size and shape, the particles suffered inertial force, friction force and buoyant force have significance on fluid field, all above information also proved that internal two-phase flow of vortex pump meet the principle of distortion velocity. From the experimental data analyses, some explanations are given for the link and changing trends between the external characteristics and internal flow nature. This research can provide a reference for building the model of fluid solid two-phase flow in vortex pump.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Efficiency
Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Experiments - Friction - Oilseeds - Pumps - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental data analysis - External characteristic - Liquid-solid two phase flow - NPSH - Particle concentrations - Performance experiment - Solid-liquid two-phase flow - Vortex pumps
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 525.3 Energy Utilization
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20135017075622
Title:Estimation of near-surface air temperature from HJ-1B satellite data in Northwest China
Authors:Xu, Jianbo (1); Zhao, Kai (1); Zhao, Zhizhong (2); Xiao, Zhifeng (1); Zhong, Defu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
Corresponding author:Xu, J.(xujianbo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:145-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Near-surface air temperature is an important meteorological parameter, and is closely related to agriculture production. In this paper, the temperature-vegetation index method (TVX method, also called contextual method) for the area-wide mapping of instantaneous air temperature was adopted for use with HJ-1B data in Northwest China. The approach was complemented with an iterative filtering routine for eliminating outliers, and an interpolation algorithm for filling in data gaps. The air temperature at the time of satellite passing through was estimated from the maximum and minimum air temperature measured in a meteorological station with a simple sine curve model, and we still labeled it as "measured" air temperature. The improved generalized single-channel algorithm was adopted for retrieved surface temperature, and the results were validated by comparison with MODIS land surface temperature products (MOD11_L2). In addition, the meteorological measured air temperatures and three scenes HJ-1B data on July 20, 2010, August 28, 2010, and August 8, 2011 were adopted for parameterization of NDVI<inf>max</inf>. Then the NDVI<inf>max</inf> was applied to HJ-1B data on August 28, 2011, and the retrieved air temperatures were validated by the meteorological measured air temperatures. The results showed that the land surface temperature retrieved with the improved algorithm were consistent with those provided by the MODIS product, and that the satellite-derived air temperature also had a consistent distribution with land surface temperature, the satellite-derived air temperatures were in good agreement with the meteorological observed values with MAE=2.16 K, RMSE=2.72 K, and the accuracy was in line with previously reported results for the TVX method. There are difficulties in relating the satellite-derived air temperature to a fixed shelter height, therefore the results of this study showed that the remote sensing approach tends to overestimate the in situ air temperatures. It is concluded that near-surface air temperature can be retrieved effectively from HJ-1B satellite data through the use of the TVX method.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algorithms - Atmospheric thermodynamics - Meteorology - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Satellites
Uncontrolled terms:HJ-1B - Inversion - Land surface temperature - Meteorological parameters - Near surface air temperature - Remote sensing approaches - Single-channel algorithms - Temperature-vegetation index method
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443 Meteorology - 655.2 Satellites
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20135017075626
Title:VTK-based plant 3D morphological visualization and registration
Authors:Fang, Hui (1); Du, Pengpeng (1); Hu, Lingchao (1); He, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Corresponding author:He, Y.(yhe@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:180-188
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A virtual plant growth model is very important to agriculture and a crop growth mechanism model. The precise three-dimensional morphological structure of the plant model can be used to study the spatial structure associated with the nature of plants. The acquisition of a plant 3D point cloud is the first step to establish a plant 3D model. In this paper, the registration method and visualization method of the plant point cloud were mainly researched. At first, the research status of virtual plants and plant three-dimensional visualization was introduced, and the feasibility and necessity of the three-dimensional visualization of plant leaves was discussed. Then, a point normal calculation method of registration sphere was studied. Ensemble technology was used to improve the accuracy of the point normal value. By this technology, the normal value of the point cloud was substituted by the normal average value. This was done so that more accurate sphere centers could be calculated and we could get more accurate rotation shaft which was necessarily to register 3D points acquired from different sides. The outlier points and noise points of the original 3D point cloud can be removed at the same time. The point normal value is closely related to the number of point neighbors which are involved in the point normal calculation. So the effect of the number of point neighbors on calculating point normal was discussed and compared. The Moving Lease Squares (MLS) was used to fit the surface of the registration sphere, and Gaussian curvature was calculated to recheck the accuracy of point normals. Two aluminum alloy elements were designed to evaluate the accuracy of the 3D point cloud collection equipment. Moreover, to improve the registration effect of plant leaves, the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm was used. At last, a point cloud processing system was developed based on Microsoft Visual Studio C 2010. The open source development toolkit: Visualization Toolkit was used to realize the 3D point cloud visualization effect and registration algorithms.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Three dimensional
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Computer simulation - Flow visualization - Image registration - Plants (botany) - Spheres - Three dimensional computer graphics - Visualization
Uncontrolled terms:Iterative closest point algorithm - Iterative Closest Points - Morphological structures - Open source development - Plants - Point cloud - Three dimensional visualization - VTK
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20135017075616
Title:Water use efficiency and benefit for typical planting modes of drip-irrigated cotton under film in Xinjiang
Authors:Ning, Songrui (1); Zuo, Qiang (2); Shi, Jianchu (2); Wang, Shu (2); Liu, Zhongshan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (3) Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
Corresponding author:Shi, J.(shijianchu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:90-99
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Drip irrigation under film has been widely applied in cotton field of Xinjiang autonomous region, because of its significant advantages on saving water, raising soil temperature, decreasing soil salinity in root zone, and consequently increasing cotton yield. Under current field conditions of cotton production, choosing a suitable planting mode for drip irrigated cotton under film according to the local conditions of heat, radiation, soil and mechanization, is very important for adjusting the distribution of soil water and salt in field, advancing cotton growth, raising cotton yield and labor productivity, and increasing income of farmers. Total three typical planting modes of drip irrigated cotton under film, such as traditional mode, mechanical picking mode and super wide film mode, have been built up in Xinjiang autonomous region up to now. Based on planting density, irrigation quota, the distribution of soil water and salt in root zone, the width of plastic film and other factors impacting cotton production benefit, this study compared the three typical planting modes regarding water use efficiency and economic benefit by carrying out field investigation. Obvious difference in water use efficiency was found among the three typical planting modes because of the great difference in water consumption and yield, which might be caused by the specific planting density, irrigation quota, distribution of soil water and salt in root zone and width of plastic film for each planting mode. Water use efficiency for the super wide film mode was 1.04 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, and was much higher than 0.98 kg/m<sup>3</sup> for the traditional mode and 0.89 kg/m<sup>3</sup> for the mechanical picking mode. Moreover, economic benefit was greatly affected by both planting modes (influencing initial investments and cotton yield) and cotton-picking types (influencing cotton-picking cost and cotton price). The economic benefit for the super wide film mode topped with 18, 582 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>, and was slightly higher than that for the mechanical picking mode (18, 298 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>), while that for the traditional mode was the lowest with only 11, 725 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>. Therefore, in order to utilize agricultural water resource efficiently and increase income of planting cotton, the super wide film mode might be a good choice and was suggested to be widely promoted in Xinjiang autonomous region. However, some improvements should be made on the existing cotton pickers in order to bring about mechanization of cotton picking for the super wide film mode. Alternatively, adjusting the location of drip pipes for the mechanical picking mode (e.g. putting drip pipe in the middle of narrow row) might be a good choice, but the resulted water use efficiency and benefit should be further studied.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Efficiency - Film growth - Machinery - Mechanization - Moisture - Plastic films - Salts - Soil moisture - Soils - Subirrigation - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water - Cotton production - Drip irrigation - Field investigation - Labor productivity - Planting mode - Water use efficiency - Xinjiang
Classification code:913.1 Production Engineering - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 817.1 Polymer Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials - 601 Mechanical Design - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20135017075610
Title:Wear mechanism analysis of ring die of pellet mill
Authors:Jiang, Qinghai (1); Wu, Kai (1); Sun, Yu (1); Xia, Xianfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Y.(sunyu@mail.njust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:42-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A Rotating ring die pellet mill has been widely used in the feed, renewable biomass, and pharmaceutical industries, for its strengths such as high production efficiency, low transportation cost, and low energy consumption. A ring die is the core part of a pellet mill. At present, the granulating technology was seriously restricted due to the quick abrasion and short service life of the ring die. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for improving the wear resistance and extending the working life of a ring die by wear mechanism analysis. In this paper, the working process of a pellet mill was studied, the distribution and change rule of the force state of a ring die were analyzed. A wear experiment of a ring die that was manufactured by a steel X46Cr13 with a quenching and tempering treatment was carried out under the practical production condition for 600 hours, the hardening depth was 3 mm, and the surface morphology was observed first. The abrasion depth of the ring die wall and the hole wall was measured by using a LK-G10 laser displacement sensor, the hardness of the wearing surface was measured with a HR-1500DT electric Rockwell apparatus, and the microscopic wear morphology of the wearing surface was observed by a JSM-6300 scanning electron microscope (SEM). The distribution of the abrasion and the wear mechanism of the wearing surface were studied from both macroscopic and microscopic aspects. The research results showed that the wear mechanisms of a ring die include polishing wear, abrasive wear, and fatigue wear, and different wear mechanisms play a leading role in different wear positions. The ring die wall was seriously abraded, the wear depth was around 3 mm and up to 3.4 mm was closed to the feeding side. With the depletion of the hardened layer, the hardness of the ring die wall descends slightly. The wear mechanisms of a ring die wall are fatigue wear and abrasive wear that is featured mainly as micro cutting. The material loss of a ring die wall would be rapid under the combination of micro cutting and fatigue wear, and that would result in the decrease of fatigue strength and the premature failure of ring die. The hole wall was abraded slightly, the wear depth of hole wall which closed the entrance was relatively large and the wear mechanism was mainly abrasion wear. The wear depth of the hole wall which closed the outlet was relatively small and the wear mechanism was mainly fatigue wear. The wear depth of a hole wall decreases according to the exponential law from entrance to outlet of the die hole. The wear mechanism of a hole wall changes from mostly abrasive wear nearing the entrance to the prominently fatigue wear nearing the outlet. Finally, some improving advices have been proposed to extend the service life based on the analysis above.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Dies
Controlled terms:Abrasion - Biomass - Energy utilization - Granulators - Hardness - Micromachining - Pelletizing - Quenching - Scanning electron microscopy - Steel - Surfaces - Tribology - Wear of materials
Uncontrolled terms:Laser displacement sensors - Low energy consumption - Macroscopic and microscopic - Pharmaceutical industry - Practical production - Production efficiency - Quenching and tempering - Transportation cost
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 816.2 Plants and Machinery for Plastics and Other Polymers - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 604.2 Machining Operations - 951 Materials Science - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 545.3 Steel
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20135017075627
Title:Improved neutral point clamped three-level VSI topology construction in agricultural device
Authors:Liu, Guohai (1); Qian, Peng (1); Chen, Zhaoling (1); Shen, Yue (1); Liao, Zhiling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Key Lab. of Facility Agric. Meas. and Control Technol. and Equipment of Machinery Industry, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Liu, G.(ghliu@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:189-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A NPC three-level inverter is suitable to be used in the field of high power, high voltage. A DC side neutral-point N and three-phase bridge arm neutral-point O of a traditional NPC three-level inverter were linked together. The voltage of the three-phase bridge arm neutral-point would fluctuate, because of the DC side neutral-point voltage fluctuation. It would influence the efficiency of the NPC three-level inverter's work. The neutral-point voltage excessive fluctuation of the traditional neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level inverter would cause the total harmonic distortion (THD) of output voltage increase and switch devices damage. This problem limits its engineering applications in the field of agriculture. A NPC three-level inverter topology with a neutral-point voltage self-balancing function was proposed. It consisted of two parts. Part 1 was the traditional NPC three-level inverter. Part 2 was the active compensation voltage device, and was composed of a single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, which was used to compensate for the voltage fluctuation of a three-phase bridge arm neutral-point in a traditional NPC three-level inverter. The active compensation voltage device is similar to a controllable voltage source. It was used in a series between point O and point N in a traditional NPC three-level inverter. The three-phase bridge arm neutral-point real-time voltage value was detected and compared with a given value. Then, a real-time compensation voltage was generated by the active compensation voltage device. The voltage of the three-phase bridge arm neutral-point was u<inf>o</inf>, the voltage of the DC side neutral-point was u<inf>n</inf>, and the voltage of the DC side was u<inf>s</inf>. The real-time compensation voltage was u<inf>b</inf>, u<inf>o</inf>=u<inf>n</inf>-u<inf>b</inf>. When the neutral-point voltage of part 1 fluctuates excessively, the active compensation voltage device would generate a real-time compensation voltage to keep neutral-point voltage stability, u<inf>o</inf>=0.5u<inf>s</inf>. Because coordinate transformation is not required, the control scheme is simple. Further, a theoretical analysis of the system stability was achieved. In order to verify the proposed control method, the system was simulated by using the "Power system Blockset" in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The parameters used for simulation are defined as follows: u<inf>s</inf>=3000 V, u<inf>dc</inf>=500 V, dc link capacitor, C=1000 uF, L=0.4 mH, the switching frequency of the NPC three-level inverter was 3 kHz, and the switching frequency of the active compensation voltage device was 10 kHz. After the compensation, a voltage fluctuation value of the three-phase bridge arm neutral-point in the traditional NPC three-level inverter was limited under 3%. In addition, simulation results showed that the proposed topology has good dynamic performance. In conclusion, a NPC three-level inverter with a neutral-point voltage self-balancing function was proposed due to the problem of neutral-point voltage excessive fluctuation of a traditional neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level inverter. This structure consisted of an active compensation voltage device to eliminate the neutral-point voltage excessive fluctuation. Simulation results have shown that no matter how the load varies, the presented circuit structure can eliminate the three-phase bridge arm neutral-point voltage fluctuation effectively with quick response and good dynamic performance.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Topology
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Balancing - Circuit simulation - Design - Electric potential - Electric power factor correction - Switching frequency - System stability
Uncontrolled terms:Co-ordinate transformation - MATLAB/Simulink environment - Neutral point clamped - Neutral-point voltages - Single-phase full-bridge inverters - Three-level inverter topology - Three-level inverters - Total harmonic distortion (THD)
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 703.1 Electric Networks - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 601 Mechanical Design - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20135017075611
Title:Simulation of solid-gas two-phase flow in an impeller blower based on Mixture model
Authors:Zhai, Zhiping (1); Yang, Zhongyi (2); Gao, Bo (1); Li, Jianxiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot 010051, China; (2) Teaching Affairs Office, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot 010051, China
Corresponding author:Zhai, Z.(ngdzhaizhiping@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:50-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:When an impeller blower is in operation, the materials in it are conveyed mainly by means of the paddle throwing and the airflow generated by a high-speed rotating impeller blowing. In order to reveal the influence of airflow in impeller blowers on material conveying, numerical models of the air flow in the impeller blowers using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent were developed by some scholars at home and abroad. Basic characteristics of the airflow field were obtained, which would be useful for predicting the motion of the materials. However, the studies above mentioned aimed at airflow field only, without considering materials in it, so their conclusions were not accurate. To further study the solid-gas two-phase flow mechanism in an impeller blower, a three-dimensional simulation was performed for the solid-gas two-phase turbulent flow in the impeller blower by using FLUENT software with a mixture model and a standard k-Ε turbulence model. In the numerical calculation, the finite volume method was used to discretize the governing equations. The SIMPLEC algorithm was applied for the solution of the discretized governing equations. For the calculated zones composed of rotating impeller and static housing, Moving Reference Frames (MRF) was used to simulate the two-phase flows in complex geometries. Comparisons between the simulated values and the measured values of materials velocity at the discharge vertical pipe by high-speed video in reference paper [4] were made, and the reliability of the numerical simulation was verified. Meanwhile, on the basis of the analysis of the law of materials flow, contrast simulations on variations in working parameters such as paddle numbers, impeller's rotational speed, material-fed speed, and volume fraction of solid phase were carried out. It was concluded that: 1) The mixture model was successfully applied to simulate the turbulent particle-gas two-phase flows in an impeller blower, and predict the conveying property of the impeller blower. 2) Impellers with 4 paddles were more favorable for throwing/blowing materials than 3 and 5 paddles, because the materials velocity distribution of the middle plane (Z=0) of the impeller and the discharge pipe with 4-paddle was more even than that of 3-paddle and 5-paddle ones, and fewer vortex flows were generated. Besides, the axial symmetry of 4-paddle impeller blower was better than that of 3-paddle and 5-paddle ones, with a fine balance at a high speed, especially. 3) Distributions of materials velocity in the impeller blower did not change much with the impeller's rotational speed increasing, but the velocity of throwing/blowing materials changed much with it, and the higher the rotational speed was, the higher the velocity of throwing/blowing materials was. 4) An impeller's rotational speed and volume fraction of solid phase at the inlet being equal, feeding velocity determines the quantity of material fed into the impeller blower, and affects the distribution of volume fraction of solid phase at the impeller zone; In the limiting feed quantity range, higher feeding velocity means a larger volume fraction of solid phase and a higher velocity of throwing/blowing materials at the outlet, and was more favorable for conveying materials. 5) The change of the volume fraction of solid phase at inlet has less influence on the distribution of materials velocity; it only affects the volume fraction of solid phase at the entire zone, and the volume fraction of solid phase at the entire zone increases with the increase of material volume fraction at the inlet.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Impellers
Controlled terms:Blowers - Compressors - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Finite volume method - Gases - Materials - Numerical models - Structural frames - Turbulence models - Two phase flow - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:Basic characteristics - Computational Fluid Dynamics software - Governing equations - High-speed rotating - Mixture model - Moving reference frame - Numerical calculation - Three dimensional simulations
Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 951 Materials Science - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.1 Compressors - 601.2 Machine Components - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 618.3 Blowers and Fans
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20135017075624
Title:Web service integration method of crop model system
Authors:Guo, Xiaoqing (1); Xu, Xiaoming (1); Cao, Weixing (2); Zhu, Yan (2); Jiang, Haiyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, H.(jianghy@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:162-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:On the diversity and heterogeneity of crop model system, the integration method based on Web service was studied. By analyzing the architecture of crop model system and interactive features between function module, service partitioning based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) was studied. Combining with Web service identification and segmentation principle, the partition and the service combination structure of crop model based on Web service was proposed. Then the model system was divided three Web service including Web service of model calculation, Web service of weather data and Web service of soil data. The service package using "contract first" Web services development technology was designed. The modeling process based on web services contract-first (WSCF) was described in details and the automatic generation of Web services description language (WSDL) Deed and services code framework was achieved by use of related tools. The knowledge model system for wheat management as an instance was reused through four steps based on Web services, and the concrete package steps were service data modeling based on crop model metadata, service information modeling, service operation and the interface modeling, and service implementation using C# language under VS2008 ASP.Net platform. Taking the reused knowledge model system for wheat management based on Web service as the testing target, the effectiveness was verified in a real network environment. The output solution of the system was consistent with the result of the original knowledge model system for wheat management using weather data and soil data of 75 cities at prefectural level of Jiangsu province in year 2010. It showed that the crop models system integration method adopts unified model service contract, making full use of the cross platform and cross programming language advantage, which promoted the efficiency of the model system integration, which solves the problem of interoperability between heterogeneous systems. The crop model system of Web service encapsulation, making full use of the crop model resource of software components, the development of relevant documents and other resources, which improved the reuse level of crop model resource. Analysis from the point of view of model of business functions, reassignment and development services were independent, and the designment of the service through the WSDL addressed specific requirements, which shielded the underlying technical details and related agricultural domain specialized knowledge and improved the application of crop model. These results provide a methodological guideline for crop model system integration.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Web services
Controlled terms:Automatic programming - Contracts - Crops - Information management - Information services - Interoperability - Meteorology - Models - Service oriented architecture (SOA) - Websites
Uncontrolled terms:Contract firsts - Knowledge modeling systems - Methodological guidelines - Service identification - Service package - Service partitioning - Web service integration - Web services description languages
Classification code:903.2 Information Dissemination - 902.3 Legal Aspects - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723.1 Computer Programming - 903.4 Information Services - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 717 Optical Communication - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 443 Meteorology - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20135017075620
Title:Monitoring of soil erosion and nutrient loss on the mountain slope in Karst valley region based on isotope
Authors:Wei, Xingping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR and GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, 541004, China; (2) Key Laboratory of GIS Application, College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
Corresponding author:Wei, X.(xingpingwei@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:128-136
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This paper describes research results based on soil samples that were collected in different layers of 5 cm thick each from a vegetable plot, abandoned land, forest land, and shrubs located at different altitudes on the same slope side of Zhongliang Mountain in the Karst Valley in Chongqing. The soil erosion on the slope in the Karst area is characterized by using combined indicators of <sup>137</sup>Cs, soil nutrient and surface accumulation coefficient, which provides a scientific basis of understanding soil erosion. The soil samples collected from each layer of 5 cm thick were analyzed for their <sup>137</sup>Cs and soil nutrient contents. The coefficient of enrichment of soil nutrient near surface was defined as a ratio of soil nutrient content within a 10 cm(20 cm) soil layer to that within a 40 cm soil layer in the same soil profile. If the coefficient of enrichment of the soil nutrient from the layer of 0-10 cm (0-20 cm) thick was bigger than 0.25(0.5), it indicates that a superficial accumulation phenomena prevails. The soil erosion formula calculated with <sup>137</sup>Cs for the Karst region was duly revised by taking into account a soil erosion formula with <sup>137</sup>Cs in the non-Karst region and measured data obtained from a field runoff plot. It is found that the spatial distribution of nutrient content in both soil profiles and slopes can be presented in the form of a dual structure of the soil profile. The established behavior that the soil nutrient content in the surface soil layer decreases with lowering of the slope position does not equally apply to the Karst area. The ratio of soil nutrient content of the 0~10 cm soil layer to the 0~40 cm soil layer is very obvious (the ratio>0.25), while that of soil nutrient content within the 0~20 cm soil layer to the 0~40cm soil layer is unobvious (the ratio<0.5). Analysis of the Karst soil profile using the ratio value indicates that there exists erosion and leakage at various depths. The existing soil erosion formula with <sup>137</sup>Cs was revised by calibration with the runoff plots through incorporating two factors: both the size of the rock that crops out on the surface and the fissure porosity of the fractured rock. By comparison, the amount of soil erosion estimated with <sup>137</sup>Cs is bigger than that with the measured results on the runoff plot, because the former is the averaged soil erosion amount with <sup>137</sup>Cs since 1963, while the latter is the average value between 2009 and 2010 with the runoff plot. The result show that the past exploded soil erosion was more severe than that in the present. The amount of soil erosion is getting smaller now because the soil layer is thinner than before, the amount of allowed soil erosion amount is smaller, and the environment is protected better now. The soil erosion intensity values in different land use types were calculated based on formula 1-4. It was reflected in the order of increase:farmland>range land>abandoned land. This research sheds light into the soil erosion characteristics in the Karst Valley, and hence consolidates the scientific basis for managing soil erosion and preventing rocky desertification.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Cesium - Erosion - Forestry - Isotopes - Landforms - Nutrients - Runoff - Soil surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Different land use types - Karst regions - Karst valley - Nutrient contents - Research results - Surface accumulation - Surface soil layers - The slope
Classification code:821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 444.1 Surface Water - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20135017075607
Title:Seedling quality regulation of rice potted-seedling in mechanical transplanting
Authors:Song, Yunsheng (1); Zhang, Hongcheng (1); Dai, Qigen (1); Huo, Zhongyang (1); Xu, Ke (1); Wei, Haiyan (1); Zhu, Congcong (1); Sun, Zhen (1); Yang, Daliu (1); Wang, Weiqing (1); Liu, Jun (2); Wu, Aiguo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Agriculture Committee of Jiangyan City, Jiangsu Province, Jiangyan 225500, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, H.(hczhang@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:11-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Rice potted-seedling of mechanical transplanting, which adopt a new type of transplanter with a certain line of planting distance, is a major technological innovation on rice production. In recent years, the technology has increased production significantly in Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi, etc. In order to promote the technology, Yangzhou University has been conducting research on rice potted-seedling in mechanical transplanting, with several units cooperating. This paper selected Wuyunjing24 as experimental material to investigate the effects of seedling quality caused by different sowing densities, irrigation management and twice chemical regulations of rice potted-seedlings in mechanical transplanting. The results indicated: 1) as the number increased, the quality of potted-seedings tended to be inferior; it was mainly reflected in the delicate seedlings, the reduction of dry weight, poor plumpness, poor root development, et al. High sowing density consumed a large number of seeds, so the seedling populations received restrictive ventilation and light, and also the competition among the individual plants became intense in each bowl of the nursing tray, and those resulted in poor quality which was not conducive to high yield. Seedlings of a low sowing density had enough space to absorb nutrition, and the seedling quality was optimized. The soil in the potted-tray, however, would have intensive lumpy forms in low probability, which was difficult to cooperate with the rice transplanter. Besides, the thin planting and high leakage rate made it hard to meet the requirements of high yield. The suitable sowing amount of the normal japonica rice, Wuyunjing24, with a large fringe, was 45-60 g in each potted tray, and on average, there were 3-4 strains of plants per plastic hole. 2) Regarding the water management, the dry rice seedling had more tiller and higher chlorophyll content than the seedlings in the moist environment. Dry management delayed the stagnant growth period of tiller, and the degradation rate of chlorophyll was low, which improved the seedlings' ability to maintain green. Under the experimental conditions, the seedling ages could be extended to 35 days. 3) Twice chemical regulations, by analyzing the seedling plumpness through the orthogonal design of seedling-strengthening agent, MET, water management, sowing densities, was determined as the optimal combination. Timely and appropriate twice chemical regulations could approve seedling plumpness and quality significantly, and it could achieve the uniformity of seedlings in height. To achieve seedling of the best quality, the optimal method was that in the condition of 45 g per potted tray under dry management, mixing up 100 kg subsoil with a 0.5 kg seedling-strengthening agent, and spraying 0.06 g MET per tray in the two-leaf period.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Chlorophyll - Degradation - Experiments - Optimization - Soils - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical regulation - Experimental conditions - Experimental materials - Irrigation management - Rice potted-seedling of mechanical transplanting - Rice seedlings - Seedling quality - Technological innovation
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20135017075629
Title:Adding solid particles in heat conduction soil improves photo-thermal properties of solar collector tube
Authors:Gao, Linchao (1); Shen, Shengqiang (2); Hao, Qingying (1); Liu, Cunxiang (3); Yue, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Energy Research Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; (2) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (3) College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Corresponding author:Gao, L.(glc9845@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:206-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Adding solid suspended particles into liquid is one of the effective methods to enhance heat transfer properties, and is discussed widely. The fluids of added solid particles have excellent thermal transport properties and spectral absorption properties, and can be used as a working fluid for a direct absorption solar collector to improve the collection efficiency. However, in the research on photo-thermal properties effect of solid suspended particles on heat conduction oil (HTF), the existing literature is reported less. Therefore, this paper aimed at determining clearly the influence of solid particles on solar radiation absorption properties of HTF. In this work, the photo-thermal performance tests of HTF were conducted in all-glass evacuated solar collector tubes under solar irradiation. Three experimental fluids (carbon powder-oil, copper foil-oil, and aluminum foil-oil) with different content were prepared. The spectral absorption properties and photo-thermal conversion properties were compared among the three experimental fluids through measuring the insolation temperature and solar radiation. Meanwhile, the temperature tests of water, HTF, and copper foil-oil were performed under solar irradiation. The effects of three solid particles (carbon, copper, and aluminum) and copper foil particles with different mass fraction (0.8%, 1.6%, 3.2%, and 6.4%) on the temperature rise of HTF were studied respectively. In order to evaluate the heat start-up performance of experimental fluids, the effects of solar radiation on temperature rise were also investigated by measuring the amount of solar irradiation. In addition, the mechanism of the spectral absorption enhancement and convective heat transfer enhancement of solid particles on HTF were analyzed. The research results showed that adding solid particles can improve the temperature of HTF under solar irradiation. The copper foil particles can improve the average insolation temperature by 14°C. The insolation temperature of carbon powder-oil was the highest, it was 3.3°C higher than that of copper foil-oil and 7°C higher than that of aluminum foil-oil in the same mass fraction. With particles content Increasing from 0.8%-3.2%, the insolation temperature of HTF increases from 98°C to 103.8°C. However, while the mass fraction was more than 6.4%, the temperature rise was not significant. The suitable mass fraction of copper foil particles is 3%-3.2%. The temperature of experimental fluids rises with the increase of solar radiation intensity, and when the solar radiation intensity increases to 600 W/m<sup>2</sup>, the temperature increased sharply. The average temperature of carbon powder-oil and copper foil-oil were higher by 13 and 8°C than that of aluminum foil-oil. It can be seen that the photo-thermal conversion properties of carbon powder-oil and copper foil-oil showed better than that of aluminum foil-oil in the insolation experiment.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Aluminum foil - Carbon - Copper - Heat conduction - Incident solar radiation - Solar collectors - Sun - Temperature - Thermal effects - Thermodynamic properties - Transport properties - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Convective heat transfer - Photo-thermal - Photo-thermal conversions - Solar irradiation - Solar radiation intensity - Solid particles - Solid suspended particles - Thermal transport properties
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 951 Materials Science - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 535.1 Metal Rolling - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 544.1 Copper
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20135017075625
Title:Simulation of shoot dry matter partitioning and yield prediction of processing tomato
Authors:Wang, Xin (1); Ma, Fuyu (1); Diao, Ming (1); Fan, Hua (1); Cui, Jing (1); Jia, Biao (1); He, Haibing (1); Liu, Qi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi 832003, China
Corresponding author:Diao, M.(diaoming@shzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:171-179
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:At present, Xinjiang produces about 90% of total processing tomato production in China, and which has become the most important and the largest producer of processing tomatoes in China. Light, heat, water, and soil are the vital components of special ecological factors, ensuring high quality, high yield, and high efficiency of processing tomatoes in Xinjiang. Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, one of the new irrigation strategies of crop production is drip irrigation. The introduction of drip irrigation in Xinjiang has provided the means to increase crop production and water use efficiency. When drip irrigation was used to grow processing tomatoes in Xinjiang, its yield and quality far exceeded the average level in China. However, no previous studies have examined the development and dry matter partitioning of Xinjiang's drip irrigated processing tomatoes. Simulation models of crop growth and production provide a widely accepted tool for assessing agricultural production opportunities in different agro-ecological zones in response to weather and management. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop model for the growth and production of drip irrigated processing tomatoes in Xinjiang. Field experiments were conducted in three subsequent years in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. The relationships between the partitioning indexes of organ dry matter and physiological development time (PDT) were systematically studied with the experiment of different sowing dates and varieties. And simulation models for shoot dry matter partitioning and yield in drip irrigated processing tomato were developed based on a partitioning index (PI) and a harvest index (HI) in which the PI of leaves and the HI were the functions of PDT, which were also altered by relative thermal effectiveness (RTE), relative photoperiod effectiveness (RPE), and intrinsic development factor (IDF). Model validation with three years of weather and independent crop growth data showed that the growth and yield of processing tomatoes are simulated satisfactorily. R<sup>2</sup>, root mean square error (RMSE) and relative estimation error (RE) of simulated and observed dry matter under four different growing stages (emergence to flowering, flowering to fruit-setting, fruit-setting to maturing, and maturing to ending date), total dry weight of whole growth period, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, and fruit dry weight were 0.9754, 0.029 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 11.43%; 0.9936, 0.074 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 5.09%; 0.9840, 0.250 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 6.83%; 0.9713, 0.102 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 5.71%; 0.9940, 0.504 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 8.06%; 0.9629, 0.332 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 14.62%; 0.9828, 0.200 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, 10.84%; 0.9585, 0.549 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, and 18.30%. The R<sup>2</sup>, RMSE, and RE between the predicted and the measured yield based on the 1:1 line were 0.9658, 5.806 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, and 8.07%, respectively, which indicated that the model could predict well the dynamic accumulation of dry matter in different organs under diverse conditions of a drip irrigated processing tomato. We concluded that this model provide a tool to assess development, growth and production of processing tomatoes in various ecological zones in response to temperature and incoming radiation.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Crops - Cultivation - Forecasting - Irrigation - Mean square error - Models - Plants (botany) - Tools - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agro-ecological zones - Drip irrigation - Dry matter partitioning - Processing tomatoes - Root mean square errors - Thermal effectiveness - Yield formations
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 731.1 Control Systems - 921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 603 Machine Tools - 461.9 Biology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 605 Small Tools and Hardware
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20135017075615
Title:Optimization of small-scale sprinkler irrigation systems for different indicators
Authors:Tu, Qin (1); Li, Hong (1); Wang, Xinkun (1); Cai, Bin (1); Zhuang, Jinliang (2); Wang, Lei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Centre of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Jiangsu Wangda Sprinkler Company Limited, Jintan 213223, China
Corresponding author:Li, H.(hli@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:83-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The optimal design of a sprinkler irrigation system belongs to a class of large combinational optimization problems. It involves choosing the proper type and number of sprinklers and pipe diameters, and operating them at rational pressure heads according to the characteristics of pump and motor equipment. Theoretically, the optimization has rarely been addressed on the small-scale sprinkler irrigation systems compared to applications of the systems. Based on a survey done in cooperation with the factory, a small-scale sprinkler machine type 4.4CP-45 that can be equipped with fluidic sprinklers 10PXH, impact sprinklers 15PY, 20PY or 40PY, was taken as an example to investigate the impact of designs on the performances of system laid on a flat ground so that the characteristics of different designs involved can be summarized. The optimization models were built with three objective functions considering the resource consumptions per unit area irrigated, specific energy consumption, annual cost and total cost in a life cycle of the system separately subject to the constraints considering the pump-pipeline working conditions. The specific energy consumption here refers to the energy consumption per unit area with unit depth of water applied, and a static depreciation method was applied in the annual cost, while a dynamic method in the total cost. In the hydraulic calculation a back step method was introduced, and the optimization models were solved with genetic algorithms. Results show that: comparison of optimal designs under three objective functions will reflect the advantages and disadvantages of every scheme involved, which is in accordance with field practices and applications. When the irrigation system is equipped with one sprinkler typed 40PY, the specific energy consumption is high, and annual cost very low, so it's suitable for the irrigation of lands in serious drought or for the field crops. When equipped with 15 sprinklers typed 15PY, the specific energy consumption of the system under optimal design is 7.3% lower than that before optimization, 8.3% lower than that of the system equipped with sprinklers typed 20PY. All the indicators of the system are low, and it will show a high irrigation uniformity, but it is labor intensive in moving, thus it's applicable for profit crops or young plants. When 7 sprinklers typed 20PY are used, the total cost of the system is at its lowest, 6 284.8 Yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>, 15.4% lower than that of the initial design, and it is practical for many occasions. In the economical analyses of the system, the energy consumption fee or operation fee in any scheme constitutes a major part of the annual cost or the total cost respectively. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption of irrigation systems through optimization or introduction of low pressure sprinklers is now an important task.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Cost benefit analysis
Controlled terms:Costs - Crops - Design - Energy utilization - Hose - Hydraulic machinery - Indicators (instruments) - Mathematical models - Models - Optimal systems - Optimization - Sprinkler systems (irrigation)
Uncontrolled terms:Combinational optimization - Hydraulic calculations - Irrigation uniformity - Objective functions - Optimization models - Resource consumption - Specific energy consumption - Sprinkler irrigation
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20135017075634
Title:Evaluation on reclamation potential of unused land of the Yellow river delta based on ecological security
Authors:Wei, Shichuan (1); Liu, Yong (2); Luan, Qiaolin (1); Wang, Pai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Politics and Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Corresponding author:Wei, S.(fswsc@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:244-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In China, to achieve the goal of "dynamic balance of total cultivated land", it is important to develop and utilize the unused land resource to make up the loss of cultivated land. Before the development of unused land, we should first conduct the suitability evaluation for unused land. However, many attentions have been called on the natural suitability evaluation, while few attentions have been paid on ecological factors and economic factors for a long time. This paper made in-depth analysis of various factors affecting the development and utilization of unused land in the study area, and established a land suitability evaluation index system, which includes 19 indices selected from natural suitability, ecological safety, and economic feasibility. Based on the spatial database of land use, spatial analysis methods in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to evaluate and statistically analyze each spatial layer and to explore the spatial pattern of the unused land development under different conditions. This study found: The total unused land in Dongying city covers an area of 271, 400 ha, according to the statistics provided by land use updated survey in 2010. Due to constrained by ecological factors, the area which can be developed and utilized is 77, 200 ha, accounting for 28.44% of the total unused land. Considering economic feasibility, the developable area reduces to 36, 700 ha, accounting for 13.72% of the unused land. It can be seen that the developable land decreases sharply when ecological and economic factors are considered, only accounting for over 13% of the total unused land. Especially, ecological factors may play a major role in restricting the development of unused land. The unused land can be developed for many purposes of use, especially for ecological use. The ecological value of developing unused land includes maintaining biological diversity and regional ecological balance. The proposed index system in the paper has incorporated the factors from natural suitability, ecology and economics, which is advantageous over traditional appraisal method. The new method improves the suitability evaluation of unused land. Our evaluation results in Dongying are suitable with the status of land use and are meaningful for unused land development and consolidation planning.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Economics - Geographic information systems - Land use
Uncontrolled terms:Development and utilizations - Dongying cities - Ecological and economic - Economic feasibilities - Global information systems - Reclamation potential - Suitability assessment - Suitability evaluation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 723.3 Database Systems - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20135017075631
Title:Distribution of Pb and its chemical fractions in liquid and solid phases of digested pig and dairy slurries
Authors:Jin, Hongmei (1); Fu, Guangqing (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1); Ye, Xiaomei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Z.(czhizhou@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:218-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Anaerobic digestion treatment effectively degrades the organic matter and causes obvious variations in physical and chemical properties of digested slurries, such as water content, pH, oxidation reduction potential and microbial activities. These changes may influence the chemical fraction of Pb, which is a critical factor in predicting its toxicity, environmental mobility, bioavailability and optimum removal methods. The speciation and phytotoxic effects of lead from sewage sludge and composted manure have been widely studied. There has been no study about the transfer and distribution of Pb during anaerobic digestion of manure slurries. The aim of the present work was to analyze the distribution of Pb in both liquid and solid phase after anaerobic digestion of pig slurries and dairy slurries, and their chemical speciation in solid fraction of digested residuals. The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at condition of medium temperature [(37 ± 2)°C] was operated for 130 d. Lead in liquid and solid phases of raw materials and digested slurries was analyzed by first passing through a 0.45 ?m filter paper. The chemical fractions in digested slurry solids were extracted by BCR method. Results showed that total amount of Pb was decreased 70% and 19% in digested pig slurries (DPS) and dairy slurries (DDS), respectively, , compared with raw slurries. The percentages of Pb in liquid fractions of DPS and DDS were 29% and 17%, which decreased by 17% and 58%. The decrease of Pb in DDS was significantly lower than that in DPS. One reason is that 90% of solids in DDS were discharged during the anaerobic digestion. Another reason is that Pb in digested slurries mainly exists as the solid form. Thus the amount of Pb left in the reactor for dairy manure digestion was significantly lower than that for pig manure digest. Due to the high removal efficiency, easy operation and low treatment cost of heavy metals in solid phase, transformation of liquid phase of heavy metals to the solid phase is essential for the post-treatment of heavy metals in digested slurries. As BCR scheme described, there are three mobile fractions of heavy metals (Table 3): the fraction that presented in ionic form, bound to carbonates and the exchangeable (F1), the fration that is susceptible to changes in ionic strength and pH; bound to amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides (F2), and he fraction that is unstable in reducing conditions; bound to organic matter and sulfides (F3), which may be decomposed under oxidizing conditions and result in a release of the metals into the soil solution. The residual fraction (F4), left after the three steps is the most stable fraction and has less bioavailability. The chemical fractionations of Pb in residual solids were significantly changed. The percentage of fractionated Pb in digested pig slurries solid declined with the order of F4 (35%) > F1 (34%) > F2 (24%) > F3 (8%); while that in digested dairy slurries solid was F2 (33%) > F1 (27%) > F4 (26%) > F3 (15%). After anaerobic digestion, lead in F4 and F1 fractions significantly increased in residual solid digested with pig slurries; while lead in F3 fraction significantly increased in dairy slurries. However, the actually bioavailability of Pb after anaerobic digestion of pig and dairy manures should be studies by toxic test further. The sedimentation ponds or oxidation ponds were more efficient to cripple the Pb in DPS and DDS. However, the concentration of Pb in digested solids and its available fractions enhanced, which would be easier to be absorbed by plants. The passivants were recommended to add to the solid residues of digested animal slurries before farmland application.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Lead
Controlled terms:Anaerobic digestion - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Chemical speciation - Fertilizers - Heavy metals - Ionic strength - Liquids - Manures - Organic compounds - pH effects - Removal - Sewage lagoons - Sewage sludge - Slurries - Slurry pipelines - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical Fractionation - Continuous stirred tank reactor - Distribution characteristics - Environmental mobility - Microbial activities - Oxidation reduction potential - Physical and chemical properties - Removal efficiencies
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 533 Ore Treatment and Metal Refining - 524 Solid Fuels - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20135017075640
Title:Optimization of technology parameters for casein production with bacteria rennet
Authors:Zhang, Weibing (1); Yang, Min (2); Liang, Qi (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Chen, Lijun (3); Jiang, Tiemin (3); Ren, Fazheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (2) College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (3) Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100085, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Ren, F.(renfazheng@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:292-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In this paper, rennet casein was prepared from fresh milk using bacteria rennet as a coagulant and the technology was optimized by a single factor test and response surface methodology. First, temperature, pH value, and an addition volume of enzyme were shown to have significant effects on the yield of rennet casein using the single factor experiment. Subsequently, three significant independent variables were selected and further optimized using the box-behnken design to determine their optimal levels. Via multiple regression analysis on the experimental data using Design-Expert software, the following second-order polynomial equation was obtained. The regression coefficients and the analysis of the variance indicated the high significance of the model. The highest R<sup>2</sup> value (0.98) was also in good agreement with the experimental results and theoretical values predicted by the model. From equations derived by differentiation, the optimal values of X<inf>1</inf>, X<inf>2</inf>, and X<inf>3</inf> in the coded units were found to be 0.306, 0.216, and 0.342, respectively. Correspondingly, we obtained the maximum point of the model, which was 36.53°C of temperature, 6.216 of pH value, and 0.368 mL of additional volume of enzyme, respectively. The maximum predicted yield of rennet casein was 3.534%. The optimal coagulation parameters in the validated experiment were set as follows: temperature 36.5°C, pH 6.2 and 4 mL 4% CaCl<inf>2</inf>, 0.37 mL bacteria rennet per 500 mL milk. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of rennet casein reached 3.527%±0.02% and the relative error was 0.19% compared with the predicated value, showing that the response surface method are effective to optimize culture conditions. The contents of water, ash, protein, and fat of rennet casein produced with bacterial rennet and calf rennet were measured. The results showed the contents of water, ash, and protein of rennet casein produced with bacterial rennet were higher than that of calf rennet, but not significantly different (P>0.05), the contents of fat of rennet casein produced with bacterial rennet were lower than that of calf rennet, but not significantly different (P>0.05). The FTIR technique was used to determine and compare the rennet casein produced with bacterial rennet and calf rennet. The spectra of rennet casein produced with bacterial rennet and calf rennet were similar. The results of physical and chemical tests and infrared spectrum scan showed that there was no obvious difference between the two products, suggesting that bacteria rennet from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be used as calf rennet alternatives in the production of rennet casein. The research can provide a reference for the full utilization of bacteria rennet.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Casein
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Coagulation - Enzymes - Experiments - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Optimization - pH - Polynomials - Proteins - Regression analysis - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis of the variances - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - Bacterial rennet - Multiple regression analysis - Process parameters - Response surface methodology - Second-order polynomial equations - Single-factor experiments
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.1 Algebra - 951 Materials Science - 901.3 Engineering Research - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20135017075635
Title:Normal cloud model based evaluation of land resources ecological security in Hubei province
Authors:Zhang, Yang (1); Yan, Jinming (1); Jiang, Ping (2); Yang, Nai (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration and Policy, People's University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (2) School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (3) Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Corresponding author:Yan, J.(yanjinming@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:252-258
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Land resource is very scarce natural resources. Finiteness and scarcity of global land resources have become a common concern to human sustainable development. With the accelerating of industrialization and urbanization, man-land relationship is going into the crux of the conflict. If land resources are damaged seriously, it will also affect regional security and the sustainable development. Evaluation of land resource ecological security is an important content of regional sustainable development measures. The previous evaluation methods that were comprehensive index method and fuzzy synthesis cannot describe the fuzziness and randomness of evaluation indexes at the same time. In view of that problem, normal cloud model was introduced into regional land resources ecological security evaluation. Cloud model was the making of Li Deyi academicians based on traditional fuzzy mathematics and probability statistics. The rule of land resources ecological security evaluation was constructed combining the basic theory of cloud model and the process of ecological impact evaluation for land consolidation. By translating the uncertain factor conditions into quantitative values with the uncertain illation based on normal cloud model, the evaluation factor scores and comprehensive scores of Hubei Province land resources ecological security were computed. Study results indicated that: (1) Hubei Province land resources ecological safety status enhanced from the sensitive level to a moderate level, it increased from 2.9397 to 3.6033. The general trend of regional land resources ecological security was elevated from 2000 to 2010. Index value less than 2.5 indicated a severe, dangerous or sensitive level; (2) The normal cloud model was a mathematical representation of fuzziness and randomness. The transformation from qualitative concepts to quantitative expressions were realized when the fuzziness and randomness were integrated together. The method preserved the randomness and fuzziness in evaluation. Evaluation method of regional land resources ecological security based on the normal cloud model was an objective and scientific comprehensive assessment method. The study could provide a reference for the sustainable development of regional land resources.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Natural resources
Controlled terms:Cloud computing - Clouds - Ecology - Fuzzy set theory - Fuzzy systems - Land use - Models - Planning - Random processes - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive assessment - Comprehensive index method - Ecological security - Hubei Province - Mathematical representations - Normality - Probability statistic - Regional sustainable development
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 512 Petroleum and Related Deposits - 501 Exploration and Prospecting - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20135017075621
Title:Relation of soil aggregate fractal dimension and organic carbon in purple-soil slope farmland
Authors:Zhao, Peng (1); Shi, Dongmei (1); Zhao, Pei (2); Zhu, Bo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, P.(pzhao@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:137-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For better understanding the effect of soil organic carbon on soil aggregate characterization, the relationship between soil aggregate fractal dimension (D) and soil organic carbon (SOC) were studied in purple soil under different fertilization treatments using the dry sieving, potassium dichromate external heating method and correlation analysis. The results showed that the difference existed in both D and SOC in the treatments (CK, NPK, OM, RSD) and in soil layers (0-10, >10-20, >20-30 cm) ranging from 2.376 to 2.603, 3.54-12.07 g/kg, respectively. The average values both declined following the soil layer. Fractal dimension D of all the samples (n=36, no differences for the treatments or soil layers) were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) (p=0.01). Further analysis of the correlation of D and the fraction organic carbon content (fSOC) showed that the correlation was significantly for all the samples and the relevant degree increased with smaller grain size. However, the correlation showed distinction in various treatments or soil layers compared with all the samples: there was no significance in CK and weak correlation for almost all groups of the cultivated horizon (0-20 cm). And most groups of the plow pan (>20-30 cm) were significantly correlated. From the results, it was believed that the different effects in the formation of the aggregates caused by carbon source were from various fertilization treatments. Thus would lead the aggregates to own their characteristics and then show their own fractal feature. And the difference of correlation between D and fSOC reflecting the similarity degree of aggregates size structure and whether the primary factors had coherence in the formation of aggregates were also caused by the fertilization. These results signified that the correlation has characterizing function on the dominant factors in soil structure formation. The results are helpful to recognize the affecting factors of the fractal dimension of soil aggregate, physical characterization and the indication factor of soil structure.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Aggregates
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Fractal dimension - Organic carbon - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Fertilization treatments - Fractal dimensions (d) - Organic carbon contents - Physical characterization - Potassium dichromates - Soil aggregate - Soil organic carbon
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20135017075608
Title:Nitrogen utilization in mechanical transplanted rice with long seedling age and its correlation with environmental temperatures
Authors:Liu, Qihua (1); Wu, Xiu (1); Chen, Bocong (1); Ma, Jiaqing (1); Gao, Jie (1); Zhang, Shiyong (1); Chen, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China
Corresponding author:Ma, J.(zxbsds@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:23-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As an important element determining grain yield, optimum seedling age plays a pivotal role in achieving high grain yield for mechanically transplanted rice. Rice seedlings which grow for a longer time are not suitable for transplanting by machine, and are called "long age seedlings." However, in wheat-rice rotation regions, rice seedlings are transplanted by machine at long seedling age due to the occurrence of unfavorable factors, such as a late harvest for the previous crop, the limitation of the number of transplanting machines, and the adverse weather, which has severely threatened the machine-transplanting rice yield. The objectives of this paper were to clarify the law of nitrogen demanding and allocation in mechanical transplanted rice with a long seedling age, providing references for rice cultivation under a mechanical transplanting pattern. With conventional artificial transplanting rice as a control, the field experiment was designed to investigate the changeable law for nitrogen requirement, transportation, and allocation in mechanical transplanted rice with a long seedling age. The growth duration of mechanical transplanting rice with a long seedling age was postponed by 4-13 d as compared with artificial transplanted rice. In the case of mid-early maturing cultivars, the amount of nitrogen requirement in mechanical transplanting rice with a long seedling age was less than that in artificial transplanting rice. However, mid-late maturing cultivars had the converse performance. When compared with artificial transplanted rice plants, the nitrogen export amount and rate of leaves and stems tended to dwindle from the booting to the heading stage as well as the nitrogen absorption amount of panicles at the maturity stage, whereas it was the contrary for the nitrogen export amount and rate and conversion rate of leaves from the heading to the maturity stage in mechanically transplanted rice. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that the nitrogen requirement amount of rice plants and nitrogen exportation amount and rate of stems and sheaths were closely related with effective accumulative air temperature, and the nitrogen conversion rate of leaves was intimately correlated with the daily mean air temperature. The characteristics of nitrogen requirement and utilization in mechanically transplanted rice plants with a long seedling age were dominated not only by genotypes but also by environmental temperature. Based on a conventional nitrogen fertilizer application for mechanically transplanted rice, the application ratio of earing fertilizer should be decreased appropriately for mid-early rice cultivars with a long seedling age while it should be enhanced for mid-late cultivars with a long seedling age on the premise of normal maturity. In addition, effective agronomic practices should be adopted to enhance nitrogen usage efficiency of mechanically transplanted rice with a long seedling age, which may gain compensation for the yield loss which resulted from mechanical transplanting at an over-optimum seedling age.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Correlation methods - Cultivation - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Plants (botany) - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Canonical correlation analysis - Characteristics of absorption and allocation - Environmental temperature - Fertilizer applications - Mechanical transplanted rice - Nitrogen requirements - Seedling age - Transplanting machine
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 461.9 Biology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20135017075619
Title:Simulation and analysis of grassland ecosystem dependence on phreatic water in semi-arid areas
Authors:Sun, Qingyan (1); Lu, Chuiyu (1); Luan, Qinghua (1); Li, Hui (1); Wang, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; (2) School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Q.(sunqingyan123@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:118-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In semi-arid areas, human activity is more frequent than in arid areas, which makes groundwater exploitation more severe, while there is more precipitation relative to dry areas, which increases the complexity of the moisture conditions. For the complex water conditions in the semi-arid regions, the relationship between vegetation and phreatic water was explored by water cycle simulation and plant growth simulation from the perspective of the whole water cycle. The grassland, the main land use/cover types in Tongliao plain areas, and the grass dry matter yield (DMY), an indicator reflecting grassland vegetation growth situation, were selected for this study. Grassland plays an important role in the water cycle and regulates runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge and discharge and so on in this region. In this paper, the water cycle is simulated by the MODCYCLE model, which is a distributed hydrological model with physical mechanism. The model also contains plant growth module, and couples with groundwater numerical simulation model, which makes the model become a set of powerful integrated hydrological model. Calibration and validation of the model were conducted in terms of groundwater and grass DMY. Simulated values and measured values of the groundwater level were compared in the end of simulation period by the way of groundwater contour map, and found both good fit. The analog values of grass DMYs were compared with the measured values from several literatures, and were proved that the results are reasonable. By analyzing the response of the DMY per unit area to the changes of precipitation and groundwater, the dependence of surface ecosystems on the groundwater was understood. Firstly, the response relationship between the analog values of the grass DMYs and the precipitation is analyzed and it is not a linear relationship. However, the grass DMYs are roughly in line with the movement trends of the precipitation. Precipitation is a factor affecting the growth of grass in dry years, but not all factors. Secondly, based on the statistical analysis of the grass DMYs at different intervals of phreatic water evaporation volume, relation curve between evaporation and grassland vegetation dry matter yield is established. As the evaporation increases, the DMYs of the high and medium coverage grasslands also increase. However, when the amount of evaporation increases to a certain extent, the grass DMYs are stabilized. The results show that the range of 2.0-2.2 m is the suitable groundwater depth for the stability of grassland ecosystems in dry years. Thirdly, the grass DMYs in normal precipitation years were also simulated for comparison with those in dry years. The results of statistical analysis show that the grass DMYs in normal precipitation years increase by 13.0%-47.8% to those in dry years, which explains that precipitation is an important factor affecting the stability of ecosystems in semi-arid areas. Finally, no support from phreatic water, the grass DMYs cut 11.0%-14.7% of the average for 10 years in dry years, and cut 3.8%-5.9% of the average for 10 years in normal precipitation years, showing that changes in precipitation affect the dependence on groundwater for grassland.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Recharging (underground waters)
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Climate models - Computer simulation - Ecology - Ecosystems - Evaporation - Groundwater resources - Hydrology - Rain - Statistical methods - Vegetation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration and validations - Distributed hydrological model - Dry matter yield - Grassland - Groundwater numerical simulations - Integrated hydrological modeling - Phreatic water - Semi-arid region
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 723.5 Computer Applications - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 444.2 Groundwater - 444 Water Resources - 443.3 Precipitation - 443 Meteorology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20135017075612
Title:Operation optimization of Huai'an-Huaiyin multistage pumping stations
Authors:Gong, Yi (1); Cheng, Jilin (1); Zhang, Rentian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Jiangsu Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Co. Ltd., Yangzhou 225009, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, J.(jlcheng@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:59-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the optimal operation method of large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects, and fully excavate optimal operation benefit of multistage system, the two-stage decomposition-dynamic programming aggregation method was introduced to solve the mathematical model of daily optimal operation for parallel pumping stations, by which a series of optimal operation schemes under different average daily lifts and water pumping quantities were obtained. Considering different types of water consumption along the water transferring canal between two-stage pumping stations, by means of taking different start up time of pumping stations in the second stage, the obtained optimal operation schemes of pumping stations were adopted as boundary conditions and then substituted into mathematical model of one-dimensional unsteady flow to carry out the numerical simulation of water transferring canal, by which the changing process of water level in water transferring canal was simulated. According to the multiple schemes comparison and selection, the effective connection of water level between two-stage pumping stations was obtained and the optimal operation method of multistage pumping stations was preliminary proposed. Taking the two-stage pumping stations from Huai'an parallel pumping stations to Huaiyin parallel pumping stations as a study case, the optimal operation scheme of the entire multistage pumping stations system was obtained as follows: taking 4.15 m as the average daily lift and 80% loads as water pumping quantity for Huai'an parallel pumping stations, and taking 3.9 m as the average daily lift and 100% loads as water pumping quantity for Huaiyin parallel pumping stations, the start-up time of Huaiyin stations was 2 hours later than Huai'an stations. Under the optimization scheme above, the unit cost of water pumping for Huai'an parallel pumping stations and Huaiyin parallel pumping stations was 79.33 and 84.60 Yuan/10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup> respectively, which had a respectively cost saving percentage of 25.06% and 7.3% compared with operation with fixed blade-angle and constant speed under the same average daily lift and water pumping quantities of each parallel pumping stations. The research can provide a reference for optimal operation of inter-basin water transfer system, especially for water level optimization of water transferring canals.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Pumping plants
Controlled terms:Canals - Dynamic programming - Hydraulic structures - Mathematical models - Operations research - Optimization - Pumps - Unsteady flow - Water distribution systems - Water levels - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregation methods - Inter-basin water transfer - Inter-basin water transfer systems - Operation optimization - Optimization scheme - Pumping stations - Water consumption - Water transferring
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 912.3 Operations Research - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407.2 Waterways - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20135017075632
Title:Analysis of moisture diffusion and activation energy in superheated steam and hot air sludge thin layer drying
Authors:Zhang, Xukun (1); Su, Zhiwei (1); Wang, Xuecheng (1); Ma, Yiguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Institute of Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(xukun008@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:226-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Sewage sludge is generated in wastewater treatment processes. It has a solids content of about 1-2% typically. The key step to treating sludge is dewatering.. Dewatering of sludge by belt presses, filters, and centrifuges can lead to dry solids contents in the range of 15-25%. This step can substantially reduce the volume of the sludge. Characteristics of sludge include high water content, bulk mass, and containment of pathogenic microorganisms. Landfilling of sludge has the disadvantages of occupying land and causing secondary pollutions, especially to groundwater. Thermal drying of dewatered sludge is another step to reduce the volume of dewatered sludge. The drying process consists of complex mechanisms such as molecular diffusion, capillary flow, Knudsen flow, water uptake kinetics flow, and surface diffusion. In order to study the effective diffusion coefficient and the activation energy characteristics of the sludge layer in the process of superheated steam drying and hot air drying, an internal-circulation drying test-bed under normal pressure was built to carry out superheated steam drying and hot air drying tests on sludge layers with thicknesses of 4 mm and 10 mm respectively at the temperature range of 160-280°C. The linear relationship between effective diffusion coefficient and drying time was established through the Fick diffusion model. It was found that the effective diffusion coefficients for the 4 mm sludge layer ranged 7.1515×10<sup>-9</sup>-2.4852×10<sup>-8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s and 1.2414×10<sup>-8</sup>-2.2769×10<sup>-8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s for superheated steam drying and hot air drying respectively. The effective diffusion coefficients for the 10 mm sludge layer ranged 1.9659×10<sup>-8</sup>-5.8811×10<sup>-8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s and 2.8042×10<sup>-8</sup>-5.6095×10<sup>-8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s for superheated steam drying and hot air drying respectively. The linear relationship between effective diffusion coefficient and temperature was established based on the Arrhenius empirical formula. Thus, the average activation energies of 4 and 10 mm sludge layers can be obtained respectively as 21.173 and 18.085 kJ/mol by superheated steam drying and 9.485, 11.191 kJ/mol by hot air drying. These values are mostly in conformity with the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy obtained by the Midilli thin layer drying model This test showed that when temperature exceeds 260°C, the effective diffusion coefficient of a sludge layer by superheated steam drying is greater than that created by hot air drying. Values obtained showed a linear increase in diffusion coefficients to temperature by superheated steam drying but a curve in hot air drying, suggesting the possibility of oxidation and combustion of the sludge layer by hot air drying.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Dewatering - Diffusion - Groundwater - Models - Sewage sludge - Sludge disposal - Steam - Waste incineration - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Effective diffusion coefficients - Effective diffusivity coefficient - Energy characteristics - Linear relationships - Pathogenic microorganisms - Superheated steam drying - Thin layer drying models - Wastewater treatment process
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 614 Steam Power Plants - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 444.2 Groundwater - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20135017075613
Title:Characteristics of tip leakage vortex cavitation in axial flow pump at small flow rate condition
Authors:Zhang, Desheng (1); Wu, Suqing (1); Shi, Weidong (1); Pan, Dazhi (1); Wang, Haiyu (1); Li, Tongtong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, D.(zds@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:68-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The strong tip leakage vortex (TLV) in an axial flow pump at small flow rate condition will generate a cavitation vortex that would cause flow instability. In order to investigate tip leakage vortex (TLV) cavitation in axial flow pump in small flow rate, TJ04-ZL-02 hydraulic axial flow pump model was investigated based on the modified cavitation model and SST k-ω turbulence model. Numerical results showed that the separation vortex cavitation within the tip gap occurs around the blade pressure side corner, which was made up of a cavitation inception together with a tip leakage vortex cavitation. The gap region cavitation changes with the different blade chord ratio sections when the cavitation number is constant. With the increasing of the blade chord ratio, TLV cavitation region and bubble volume fraction increase gradually. With the decreasing of cavitation number, bubbles occur in the TLV entrainment region that emerged with the TLV cavitation vortex, and merged into bubble clouds. At small flow rate condition, owing to the large pressure difference between pressure side and suction side at the tip, the axial velocity of flow in the gap is negative, and the absolute value of axial velocity increases gradually from the pressure side to the suction side. High-speed photography experimental results show that as the cavitation number decreases gradually, leakage vortex cavitation initiates in the tip clearance at small flow rate condition, and then cavitation deteriorates severely and the bubble cloud breaks up in the trailing region of the blade, and gathers in the tip region and immensely occupies the blade passage region. While the cavitation number σ reaches 0.187~0.232, the suction side of blade is covered by bubbles, and bubbles separation and blasting occur due to the volume fraction increasing of the bubble cloud. The results from this study provide theoretical and experimental references to TLV cavitation in an axial pump.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Cavitation
Controlled terms:Axial flow - Bubbles (in fluids) - Experiments - Flow rate - High speed photography - Leakage (fluid) - Pumps - Turbulence models - Volume fraction - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Axial-flow pump models - Cavitation inception - Cavitation number - Flow instabilities - Numerical results - Pressure differences - Small flow-rate - Tip leakage vortex
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 742.1 Photography - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20135017075633
Title:Innovation and evaluation of refractive index (RI) method of rapid determination for urea release rate of coated urea
Authors:Yu, Jiangang (1); Liu, Fang (1); Fan, Xiaolin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Univ. Res. Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Eng. and Technology in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Fan, X.(xlfan@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:236-243
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The rapid method to evaluation of controlled release fertilizer had been established in China, which included the eletrical conductivety (EC) method and the refractive index (RI) method.The RI method was only applied for polymer coated urea. The substrates of the coated ureas were organic chemicals, however, during the the incubation, the urea release could be transformed into inorganic form such as NH<inf>4</inf><sup> </sup>, which would influence the test accurateness of the RI method. It was possible to incubate a working curve companied with tested samples would cancel the effect of urea form change. So 15 self-made coated ureas with different longevities were taken as samples, which were divided into three groups according to their nutrient release rates, and the samples were incubated in still pure water under the constant temperture of (25±0.5)°C with the fertilizer/water ratio of 1/5, at the same time standard concentration urea solution was incubated under the same condition to get a working curve. And the urea incubation solutions were collected after 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, 98, 126, 154, 210, 266 days during the incubation with renewal of pure water. After that the routine determination of H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> degestion method and the RI method with a working curve at the same incubation interval companied with the tested samples were applied to test nutrient release rate of the coated urea, further more the Richards equation was applied to make a nonliner analysis for each nutrient release curve and calculate the longevities of coated ureas. Finally, the results tested by different methods were used to analyse their similarities and differences and offer a more accurate and rapid determination for polymer coated urea. The results were as follows. Firstly, the EC values of a series of standard concentration urea solution increased with the incubaiton period prolonged, but urea mass concentration and their RI values always had a significant linear correlation relationship (r<sup>2</sup>≥0.998) after 0, 1, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days during the incubation. However, the errors tested of the fresh working curves were from 0.71 to 4.85 g/L, which would be decreased to the range of 0.34 to 1.13 g/L by using working curves at a same incubation interval companied with samples. Secondly, compared to the routine determination of H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> degestion, the data of nutrient release rate of coated ureas were lifted more than 10% by using the RI method with the fresh working curve, but the new RI method based on the working curve at a same incubation inerval would cancel the difference of results, which had a conversion coefficient of 0.990 with the traditional one's. Thirdly, in order to further analysis the accurateness of the new RI method, the Richards equation was applied to model nutrient release curve and calculate the longevity of each sample whose time point to nutrient release amount getting 75%. Results showed that the longevities tested of 15 coated ureas were 21.9-245.9 days and 22.0-210.1 days respectively by using the rountine and new method, the minimum and maximum deviation of the new method was 0.8% and 25.1% respectively. The probable reason was that, when the coated ureas with a longer longevity getting more than 180 days were taken as samples, because of nutrient being released too slowly during the later stage, it was easy to bring the greater deviation tested, and their errors were from 27.6 to 40.4 days, but it was acceptable according to routine to label the longevity of controlled release fertilizer and permitted to move up or down about two months. In summary, it was proved that the RI method based on a working curve at the same incubation companied with tested samples was a rapid determination for coated urea, and the longevity would be forecasted accurately by using the Richards equation. Furthermore, the result of this study could offer a reference of a rapid and accurate method to test the nutrient release rate and longevity of polymer coated urea.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Urea
Controlled terms:Errors - Fertilizers - Innovation - Metabolism - Nutrients - Organic chemicals - Plastic coatings - Polymers - Refractive index - Solute transport
Uncontrolled terms:Coated ureas - Controlled-release fertilizers - Conversion coefficients - Incubation intervals - Linear correlation - Mass concentration - Nutrient release - Rapid determination
Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 921 Mathematics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 813.2 Coating Materials - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 741.1 Light/Optics - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 461.9 Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20135017075639
Title:Dehydrated thermal treatment improving properties of edible films from tilapia skin gelatin
Authors:Weng, Wuyin (1); Wu, Feifei (1); Kazufumi, Osako (2); Su, Wenjin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Bioengineering College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (2) Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
Corresponding author:Su, W.(wjsu@jmu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:284-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Oil-derived synthetic plastic films have been led to serious environmental problems and stress on limited resources due to their non-biodegradability and excessive use. On the other hand, a large amount of wastes such as protein-rich skin are generated during the preparing of steaks, fillets, and surimi products in China. With the increasing focus on resources and environment, extraction of gelatin from fish skin to produce edible films that can improve product quality and reduce waste problems has been explored. However, fish gelatin-based edible films present poorer mechanical properties and water resistance ability than some synthetic films, resulting in the restriction of their wide application as packaging materials. For these reasons, many studies on the modification of gelatin films have been carried on by physical, chemical, or enzymatic treatments. In this study, edible films based on a tilapia skin gelatin were prepared, and the properties of these films as affected by thermal treatment which was regarded to be safer and more cost-effective than addition of physical or enzymatic cross-linking agents were also investigated. Tilapia skin gelatin was extracted with distilled water at 80°C after non-collageneous proteins were removed by alkali and acid treatments. The obtained gelatin was mainly composed of β-chain and α-chain with an imino acid content of 19.3%, which seemed to lead to the formation of strong films. The tensile strength (TS) of the resulting films could reach up to 37.51 MPa. These films were subjected to thermal treatment at 80, 100 or 120°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h respectively. Then the properties of thermal modified gelatin films were analyzed after conditioning at (50%±5%) RH and (25±0.5)°C for 48 h. As a result, when these gelatin films were heated at 80°C, no significant changes in the properties of the films were observed. As the temperature of the heat treatment was increased up to 100 or 120°C, the TS of the films was increased gradually with heating time increasing, while film solubility (FS) and protein solubility (PS) were decreased. As gelatin films were heated at 120°C for 6 h, the TS of the films was increased to 54.85 MPa, meanwhile the FS and PS were decreased from 57.62% to 29.90% and 72.96% to 40.58%, respectively. During the heating process, the yellowness of the gelatin films was increased slightly, but the elongation at break and transparency value of the films was not affected. Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis and the protein solubility of the gelatin films in various protein denaturant solutions, it was shown that the cross-linking in the gelatin film network between β-chain and α-chain could be induced by heating at 100°C or above, resulting in an increased contribution of hydrophobic interactions and covalent bonds to the stability of film structure, and thus higher glass transition temperature of the films were observed. From the above results, it leads to the conclusion that the mechanical properties, water resistance ability, and thermal stability of skin gelatin films could be obviously enhanced with the thermal treatment of films at 100°C or above. With improving the mechanical properties and water resistance ability of fish skin gelatin-based edible films, the application of these films can be expanded.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Heat treatment
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Biodegradable polymers - Biodegradation - Chains - Chemical modification - Crosslinking - Films - Fish - Hydrophobicity - Mechanical properties - Packaging materials - Proteins - Solubility - Tensile strength
Uncontrolled terms:Cross linking agents - Elongation at break - Environmental problems - Enzymatic treatments - Hydrophobic interactions - Protein denaturant - Protein solubility - Synthetic plastics
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822 Food Technology - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933 Solid State Physics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 454 Environmental Engineering - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 461.8 Biotechnology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20135017075609
Title:Optimization of technique parameters of annular mould briquetting machine for straw briquette compressing
Authors:Chen, Shuren (1); Duan, Jian (1); Yao, Yong (2); Jiang, Xiaoxia (1); Jiang, Chengchong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Morden Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Jiangsu Yuantong Machinery Co. Ltd., Zhenjiang 212325, China
Corresponding author:Chen, S.(srchen@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:32-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:China is a large agricultural nation with abundant straw resources, and the crop straw is regarded as a kind of precious biology resource. Recently, the straw briquetting technology was found to be an effective way to solve the low comprehensive utilization of straw. The annular mould briquetting machine has become the mainstream equipment among lot of straw curing equipment, because of its lower energy consumption, wear resistance and high productivity, etc. However, the present biomass compression molding process research mainly concentrates on the experiments and theories of corn stalks, cotton stalks, wheat straw, and wood chips molding instead of rice straw molding, especially by using annular mould briquetting. A significant feature of molding briquette is the physical properties that directly determine the transportation, usage requirements, and the storage condition of compression moldings. Both the relaxed density and the durability are the indexes to measure the physical properties of molding briquette. This paper introduced the process of the straw's compressing by using a 9JYK-2000A type of annular mould. The rice straw was taken as material in the experiments and the influence of the key work parameters on straw's compressing was analyzed. Besides, the optimal parameter combination was obtained in the experiments. A central composite rotatable orthogonal experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to find the optimum technical parameters. Relaxed density and crush resistance were selected as responses, and the material moisture content, operation temperatures, clearances between rolls and die, and screw rotary speed were selected as input variables with five levels respectively. A design-expert 8.0.6 regression analysis method and a response surface method were applied to analyze the regression equation of relaxed density and crush resistance. In addition, the mathematical model has been established to analyze the effect of four factors on test indexes. The experiments showed that the proposed model was agreeable with the practical condition, which could adequately reflect the relations among factors. Through the experimental analysis, the rules of influence and the contribution brought by the interaction among factors on relaxed density and crush resistance were discussed, and finally the optimized process parameters was obtained. The value of relaxed density and crush resistance was predicted by applying a regression equation. Moreover, the optimal parameters were chosen to verify the reliability of the experimental results. Results indicated that the calculating results were in agreement with the measured results, and the relative errors of relaxed density and crush resistance were respectively 0.263% and 1.678%. The regression model equations can be used to predict the annular mould briquetting machine compressing the rice straw molding process-molding briquette of relaxed density and crush resistance. The relaxed density and crush resistance had a peak value under the optimal combination of the factors. When the raw material had the moisture content of 17.5%-27.1%, operation temperature of 81.9°C-88.1°C, the gap of roll-die of 2.4-3.78 mm and the spindle speed of 157.6-186.5 r/min, the relax density was over 1.0 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and the crush resistance was over 65%. The contributing rate of every factor on relax density was as follows: screw rotary speed > clearances between rolls and die > straw moisture content > operation temperature. And the contributing rate of every factor on crush resistance was as follows: moisture content > screw rotary speed > gap between rolls and die > operation temperature. The research findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for straw briquette compressing with an annular mould briquetting machine.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Compression molding
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Briquets - Briquetting - Curing - Dies - Energy utilization - Experiments - Mathematical models - Moisture determination - Molds - Optimization - Physical properties - Regression analysis - Screws - Straw - Surface properties - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive utilizations - Compression molding process - Forming machine - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal experimental design - Regression analysis methods - Response surface methodology - Technique parameters
Classification code:821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 816.2 Plants and Machinery for Plastics and Other Polymers - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 815.1 Polymeric Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20135017075623
Title:Greenhouse wireless sensor network localization method based on similarity
Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Li, Shuqiang (1); Liu, Gang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(wangjun_ujs@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:154-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the development of horticulture facilities technology, a single greenhouse area is constantly expanding, which is advantageous to save material, reduce costs, improve lighting efficiency, and improve cultivation efficiency, but at the same time, it means there is the need to deploy a large number of sensor nodes in order to guarantee the coverage of environmental monitoring. Dynamic monitoring of a greenhouse environment using mobile nodes, cannot only reduce the number of sensor nodes, but also ensures the comprehensiveness of greenhouse environmental information. The mobile node localization is the basis of the application. Node localization information is accurate or not directly related to the validity of the data collected. As a greenhouse mobile node has to compute and complement easily, a kind of greenhouse wireless sensor network localization method based on similarity was presented. The approach mainly included three stages: grid partitioning, measure distances amendment, and node localization. First, according to the distribution information of the beacon node, a greenhouse area was clustered into equal parts as virtual gridding and coordinates of gridding vertices inside the area boundary were returned to sink node. Secondly, by comparing measured distance and actual distance between each beacon node, sink node could get beacon node error coefficients, which was able to modify the measured distance between sensor node and each beacon node, and then form distance vectors in sequence. Finally, the similarity of distance vectors obtained in a second procedure and the distance vectors between gridding vertices and each beacon node was quantified, afterwards choosong the barycenter of gridding vertices with maximum similarity as a sensor node estimated position. The simulation experiment result showed that the greenhouse wireless sensor network localization method was fully considering the effect of distance measurement error, virtual grid partitioning, and the number of beacon nodes on localization errors. The method has a high ability of stability and precision, and meets the practical needs of greenhouse localization. In the same case of beacon node number and arrangement, the greenhouse wireless sensor network localization method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was compared. The average localization error was 2.5407 m and 2.9195 m respectively, the average elapsed time of localization algorithm was 0.2326 s and 2.3719 s respectively, and the localization error range was 3.5496 m and 4.0617 m respectively. The comparison results showed the method had a lower localization error and computational complexity.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Internet protocols - Support vector machines - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Data similarity - Environmental information - Environmental Monitoring - Greenhouse environment - Localization algorithm - Measurement range - Positioning - Support vector machine algorithm
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 451 Air Pollution - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 732 Control Devices
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20135017075618
Title:Effects of negative pressure irrigation with saline water on tomato yield and soil salt
Authors:Liu, Shengyao (1); Fan, Fengcui (2); Li, Zhihong (2); Shi, Yufang (2); Jia, Jianming (2); Zhang, Lifeng (1); Meng, Jian (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (2) Agricultural Information and Economic Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; (3) Agricultural Technology Extension General Station, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, L.(zlf@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:108-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This research wass to test the effect of salt water irrigation on tomato growth and development, water use, and soil salty accumulation situation in a greenhouse. In the treatments, the negative pressure irrigation facilities were applied to irrigate tomatoes at different growth stages (whole growth period, blooming and fruit period, fruit enlargement period, and harvest period), using different concentrations of salt water (fresh, 3, 5, 7, 9 g/L) and soil matric potential (0, -40, -80 hpa) to research the effect of salt water irrigation of the tomato production, root weight, water consumption, water use efficiency, and soil salinity. The results indicate that there are remarkable differences of salt-tolerance capacity at different growth periods of tomatoes. That means the blooming and earlier fruit periods are more sensitive to soil matric potential and salt stress than other stages. The most adapted one to salt stress is the harvest period. The data shows that the salinity of salt water irrigation should be less than the 3 g/L at both the whole growth period and the blooming and the fruit period, and less than 5 g/L at the fruit enlargement period. Relatively, high concentration salt water irrigation of 7 g/l-9 g/l can be used at the harvest period. The result is a difference between the relationship of yield at different growing periods and the soil matric potential, based on the concentration of salt. The conicoid relationship was found in the tomatoes yield and the concentration of salt, the soil matric potential at the whole growth period and the blooming and the fruit period, and the effect on the yield was significant. However, only the concentration of salt has significant effects on the yield at the fruit enlargement period, and there is a parabolic relation between the concentration of salt and the tomatoes' yield. The two factors at the harvest period have no effects on the tomatoes' yield. The relationship between the concentration of salt, the soil matric potential, and the root weight could be expressed by a conicoid relationship. The concentration salt at whole growth period has significant effects on the root weight, and there is a significant interaction between the concentration salt and the soil matric potential. Only the concentration of salt has significant effects on the root weight at the blooming period, and there is a parabolic relation between the concentration of salt and the tomatoes' root weight. The effect of the tomatoes' root weight is not significant at the fruit enlargement period and the harvest period. The positive linear relationship is shown between the soil salinity and the concentration of salt, the soil matric potential in all growth stages. The salt content would be increased 50%-400% by using the brackish water resources with a mineral concentration between 3~9 g/L to irrigate. Salt water irrigation will result in soil salt accumulation in green house production systems. The water consumption of irrigating tomatoes is positively correlated with the soil matric potential at every growth period, however, it is negatively correlated with the concentration of salt. Hence, the effect of salt water irrigation on plant growth appeared in the "from control to promotion" regulating trends when a moderate amount is chosen, which will help reduce water consumption and improve tomato yield and WUE. As a result, based on the characteristics of salt tolerance of tomatoes at different growth periods, the use of a certain concentration of salt water irrigation can not only replace fresh water, but also improve WUE.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Fruits - Greenhouse effect - Harvesting - Irrigation - Saline water - Salts - Soils - Stages - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Different growth stages - Growth and development - Growth period - Linear relationships - Negative pressures - Soil matric potential - Tomato - Water use efficiency
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 451 Air Pollution - 444 Water Resources - 402.2 Public Buildings - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20135017075638
Title:Sterilizing effect and mechanism of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water on cabbage
Authors:Zhang, Houcheng (1); Zhu, Yuchan (1); Ren, Zhandong (1); Pan, Deng (1); Liu, Ye (1); Wang, Yourong (1); Chai, Bo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
Corresponding author:Ren, Z.(renzhandong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:277-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water (EOW) as a high efficient fungicide, which has a small amount of chlorine pollution and a little corrosion to metal material in the preparation and use of the process and brings fear and discomfort for people, directly influenced the application in the field of agriculture and food. But Neutral Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water (NEOW) which has a neutral pH value can overcome these shortcomings mentioned above. The sterilizing effect of NEOW, "84" disinfectant, H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2, </inf>and NaClO with the same available chlorine concentration (ACC) were studied in this paper. The influences of the content and existing form of available chlorine, pH value, and sterilization time were systematically studied with in-situ electrochemical-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in this paper. The results indicated that the sterilizing effect of NEOW was better than "84" disinfectant, H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2, </inf>and NaClO. While the available chlorine content of NEOW was 24.52 mg/L, the killing rate for Escherichia coli was 95.81%, and the killing logarithm value was 1.38. While the available chlorine content of NEOW was 63.42 mg/L, the killing rate for Escherichia coli was 98.92%, and the killing logarithm value was 1.97. But the killing rate and the killing logarithm value for Escherichia coli of "84" disinfectant (23.38 mg/L), H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> (21.66 mg/L), and NaClO(60.33 mg/L) were only 92.22%, 53.29%, 85.42%, and 1.11, 0.33, and 0.84. The sterilizing effect would be enhanced with the ACC increasing in a certain range. When the ACC was 10.72 mg/L, the killing rate and the killing logarithm value for Escherichia coli were 92.86% and 1.15; When the ACC was 63.42 mg/L, the killing rate and the killing logarithm value for Escherichia coli were enhanced to 98.92% and 1.97. But when the ACC was too high, such as 81.92 mg/L, the killing rate and the killing logarithm value for Escherichia coli were slightly reduced to 98.13% and 1.72. The reason lies in the pH value increase of NEOW that would lead to the available chlorine form change when the ACC increased. In the high ACC, the change of pH value had little effect on the sterilization effect. But when the ACC was low, the higher the pH value, the worse the sterilizing effect. When the pH value was 3, 5, and 7 respectively with the ACC 20.55 mg/L, the killing rate and the killing logarithm value for Escherichia coli were 96.28%, 92.68%, and 90.24% and 1.43, 1.14, and 1.01. In addition, the influence of sterilization time on the effect of sterilization was also investigated. The result shows that the increasing of sterilization time is fit to improve the efficiency of sterilization. When killing time was 2 min, 5 min, 8 min, and 10 min with the ACC 20.87 mg/L, the killing rate and the killing logarithm value for Escherichia coli were 69.83%, 77.04%, 89.80%, and 95.68%, and 0.52l L, 0.64, 0.99 and 1.36. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water. The sterilizing mechanism and optimal sterilization conditions were presented through the study of influence factors of sterilizing effect.
Number of references:23
Main heading:pH effects
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Bacteria - Chlorine - Disinfectants - Escherichia coli - Sterilization (cleaning) - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Cabbage - Electrolyzed oxidizing water - Influence factors - Sterilizing - Sterilizing mechanism
Classification code:822.2 Food Processing Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 453 Water Pollution
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.22.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普