<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20133816763105
Title:Fruit growth modeling and realization for greenhouse tomato
Authors:Yang, Lili (1); Wang, Yiming (1); Dong, Qiaoxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electric Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Q.(dongqiaoxue@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:197-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Fruit set is the key factor to crop yield and it has been a study focus so far. How to find an indicator that can reflect fruit set mechanism become more and more important. In this paper, utilized greenhouse tomato as a case to study the fruit set mechanism. Tomatoes were planted in solar greenhouse with four densities, environmental data and experiment data were recorded in detailed. Combined with math model, controlled environmental conditions of greenhouse and computer software design technology, the analysis were made to find the related factors which influence the fruit yield and dynamic fruit set rate for different plant density data. GreenLab model had particular advantage to simulate plant growth at organ level. With the help of GreenLab, the dynamic ratios of source to demand (i.e. Q/D) of biomass assimilation were output one growth cycle by one growth cycle. The relationship between the dynamic rate of fruit sets and the dynamic ratio of source to demand (i.e. Q/D) of biomass assimilation was built through the correlation analysis between observed data of dynamic fruit set and calculated Q/D value of model output. In order to computer programming and simulate, tomato topology structure was observed and plant topology generating rhythm was described as List data structure of Scilib language. This data structure can describe main stem and lateral axis alternative growth and syngenesis relationship between organs, so a plant topology structure in time sequence was produced. From the seeds, organs creation, biomass acquisition and partitioning were processed during the same growth cycle to insure feedback between organogenesis and photosynthesis. A global feedback dynamic fruit growth model was successfully built up. Following, independent data was used to validate the model. Both simulation data and measurement data of biomass and geometry size were close. The work provided a new research approach for crop yield. Introducing fruit set into mechanistic models can make growth and development prediction more precisely, especially for fruit. Meanwhile, structure and function variations integration was the highlight of work. This work improved the current GreenLab model as far as fruit growth simulation, and would provide a quantitative tool for the research on fruit sets. Tomato fruit growth model in this research called as GreenLab_Tomato_Fruit model which simulated fruit yield variation with plant density more precisely. The results also demonstrated that season may affect the model parameter, difference densities in seasons needed to further explore in GreenLab_Tomato_Fruit model. Combining with optimization method, the model would provide useful tools to optimize planting density and horticultural practice such as pruning and environmental control for more crops in special constrained environment in the future.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biomass - Computer programming - Computer simulation - Data structures - Dynamic models - Dynamics - Ecology - Environmental management - Environmental technology  - Experiments - Greenhouses - Models - Plants (botany) - Tools - Topology
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Environmental conditions - Environmental control - Fruit sets - Growth and development - Optimization method - Plant densities - Tomato
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 603 Machine Tools - 461.9 Biology - 454 Environmental Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20133816763075
Title:Temporal and spatial distribution of crops straw and its comprehensive utilization mechanism in Shaanxi
Authors:Zhu, Jianchun (1); Li, Ronghua (3); Zhang, Zengqiang (3); Meng, Miaozhi (4); Fan, Zhimin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center for Rural Society, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Humanities, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (4) Baoji Meteorological Administration, Baoji 721000, China
Corresponding author:Fan, Z.(fzhmlyl@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The crop straw as a kind of renewable biological resource is of high utilization value. In order to make full use of crop straws, it is necessary to analyze the distribution, current utilization situation and factors influencing straw resource utilization efficiency. Based on the data from the Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook 2010, the yield of crop straw from 1978 to 2009 in Shaanxi province and its variation tendency were determined, and its distribution characteristics in Shaanxi province in 2009 were analyzed with ArcVIEW 3.3 software. Moreover, through in-site investigation, the crop straw utilization in Shaanxi province in 2009 was also discussed. A Logistic model based on the data obtained from in-sites investigation was established to investigate factors affecting the utilization efficiency of crop straws. The results revealed that, from 1978 to 2009, the total crop straw yield in Shaanxi province presented a slowly rising trend, which had reached 16.8224 million tons by 2009. The main sources of crop straws were wheat, maize and other cereal crops, accounting for 90%. Guanzhong area and Northern Shaanxi area contributed most to the high yield. In Guanzhong area, crop straws from wheat and maize amounted to 85% of its total. In Northern Shaanxi, the proportion of crop straws deriving from maize straw and other cereal exceeded 60%. The distribution was closely related to local crop cultivation structure. The straw utilization patterns varied greatly in Guanzhong area, Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi. In Southern and Northern Shaanxi, crop straws were mainly used as fuels and forages, which took up 68.20%, 60.33% and 28.49%, 38.63%, respectively. Whilst in Guanzhong area, 12.82% of straws were burned directly in the field, 57.49% were taken back home as fuels, and 17.52% were returned to the field as organic fertilizer. It could be found that the comprehensive utilization of crop straws in Shaanxi province is less efficient, this is attributed to the geographical features, local customs and economic development levels. Mathematical model was applied to analyze the mechanism of present situation of crop residue utilization. The results showed that the induced variables were significantly affected by the sex, literacy level, revenue structure, whether there are village cadres or not, whether there are livestock breeding or not, awareness of straw usage, anticipated benefits for straw comprehensive utilization, whether there are processing enterprises or recycling companies, the availability of feasible technology for straw utilization, local agricultural mechanization level, governmental efforts for banning straw burning and punishment, and the geographic features. It indicates that the governmental policies, technology level, geographic features, famer's economic level and individual willingness are the main factors affecting the straw utilization patterns. In order to improve the crop straw utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pollution in Shaanxi, it is quite necessary to take geological features and famers' present economic condition into account, provide policy and technological guidance and enhance farmers' awareness for comprehensive utilization.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Cultivation - Economics - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Machinery - Mechanisms - Models - Spatial distribution - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Comprehensive utilizations - Distribution characteristics - Environmental pollutions - Shaanxi - Technological guidance - Temporal and spatial distribution - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 913.1 Production Engineering - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 601.3 Mechanisms - 601 Mechanical Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20133816763080
Title:Development and experiment of high-precision temperature and pressure calibration system
Authors:Li, Jinyang (1); Meng, Xiaofeng (1); Yin, Kerong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Science and Technology on Inertial Laboratory, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.(by0817136@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:38-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:PTU devices (devices measuring pressure, temperature and humidity simultaneously) was typically applied to weather observation systems, wrist computers, study of humidity generation technology and calibration of metering equipment. At the moment, a number of sensors or equipments are directly exposed to severe and complex environment conditions, so more comprehensive environmental parameters are inevitably affected by the surrounding environment when these sensors or equipments are working. With the peripheral environment change, not only accuracy and reliability of these sensors or instruments are hard to ensure, but also they can't work when the environment changes beyond sensor or instrument calibration range. Hence, to obtain more comprehensive data of sensors or equipments, a set of device or system which can be used to measure pressure, temperature and humidity simultaneously is urgently required. However, it is pity that there are hardly any commercial calibration systems to be available for low temperatures (&lt;0&deg;C) for the PTU devices at present. As for this situation that there are absent for commercial calibration systems which can be used to calibrate the temperature, pressure and humidity simultaneously at low temperatures (&lt;0&deg;C), a new high-precision temperature and pressure calibration system was developed based on the two-temperature and two-pressure humidity generation principle. In this temperature and pressure calibration system, pressure and temperature can be controlled simultaneously. On the one hand, the temperature and pressure calibration for sensors and apparatus can be achieved simultaneously, on the one hand, it can provide the theoretical basis and more comprehensive experimental data for the further research of the calibration system of temperature, pressure and humidity. After introducing the structure of the system and operating principle, mathematical models of temperature system and pressure system were developed, and compound control strategy of bang-bang and improved PID (proportional-integral-differential) was given. Finally, field tests were carried out. Experimental results indicated that when the absolute pressure is from 30 kPa to 130 kPa and temperature is from -70&deg;C to 80&deg;C, temperature measurement absolute error and control absolute error were less than 0.02&deg;C and 0.03&deg;C, respectively; measurement absolute error and control absolute error of pressure were less than 15 Pa and 18 Pa, respectively; The target uncertainty (k=2) of the temperature and pressure are 0.06&deg;C and 10 Pa, respectively. These results further showed that the calibration system had the advantages such as high control precision, strong stability and high reliability. This calibration system can be used to calibrate sensors and apparatus as well as evaluate ground equipments and radiosonde instruments.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Calibration
Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Computer systems - Instruments - Mathematical models - Pressure measurement - Sensors - Temperature measurement - Temperature measuring instruments - Uncertainty analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental parameter - Generation principles - Generation technologies - Instrument calibrations - Pressure and temperature - Surrounding environment - Temperature and humidities - Temperature and pressures
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.1 Probability Theory - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20133816763106
Title:Restoring method for underwater degraded images based on improved turbulence model and polarization imaging
Authors:Wang, Mahua (1); Zhao, Zhengmin (1); Wang, Shihu (1); Ji, Rendong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
Corresponding author:Wang, M.(wmh0304@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:203-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Eestimating their weight and size, therefore valuing their growing steps, based on snapped their photographs, is an efficient and quick method in order to meet the information requirment for process controlling in industrial aquaculture. For this purpose, effective restoring methods to process underwater degraded images are essential for this technology. Based on polarization imaging technology and improved turbulence model, a robust model for underwater degraded images restoration was proposed in this paper. Firstly, aimed at increasing the completeness of prior knowledge required by restoring degraded images method, an improved underwater turbulence model was designed by considering the wave structure function and distribution function of scattering scale parameter to overcome the shortcoming resulting from the simplified turbulence model, which simply imitated the situation for atmospheric turbulence and graded turbulence intensity only depending on fuzzy factor. Secondly, noise characteristics in degraded images was drawn from comparison between "and", "minus" images, which were computed from polarization images, based on polarization characteristics of underwater forward scattering light in visible band. For the precision of noise characteristics drawing, pulses coupled neural network (PCNN) and wavelet transfer (WT) algorithm was applied in computing the "and" and "minus" images. And then, the algorithm, namely constrained least squares filtering (CLSF) method, was applied to replace Wiener filtering for restoring the degraded images because of its robust characteristics. Finally, comparison of restoration results among the four different restoring methods was carried out to evaluate the effect of our proposed method according to four valuating parameters, namely average value (AVG), standard deviation (SD), Entropy and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The experimental conditions, especially for turbulence situations, were designed as: feeding Chinese carp with weight of about 0.5 kg at a pool (5 m&times;4 m&times;2 m). All images were snapped at 30 cm depth under water surface. The results showed that more ideal restoration effect in strong turbulence circumstances could be realized based on the proposed method, i.e. improved turbulance model accompanied with CLSF This should be beneficial for further research works on underwater degraded images restoration in complex flow conditions.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Underwater imaging
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Atmospheric turbulence - Image processing - Least squares approximations - Models - Polarization - Restoration - Scattering - Signal to noise ratio - Turbulence  - Turbulence models
Uncontrolled terms:Constrained least squares - Coupled neural networks - Degraded images - Experimental conditions - Polarization characteristics - Polarization imaging - Signaltonoise ratio (SNR) - Wave structure function
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 741.1 Light/Optics - 746 Imaging Techniques - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 472 Ocean Engineering - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 402 Buildings and Towers - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20133816763100
Title:Optimal reactive power control strategies for rural substation
Authors:Piao, Zailin (1); Wang, Hui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Piao, Z.(piaozl@china.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:167-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Reasonable reactive power sources compensation of rural substations has been becoming a hot issue since Chinese rural electric network alteration. The principal reactive power compensation mode of rural substations is still using fixed compensation capacitor to control voltage and reactive power at present in China. This compensation mode has some problems such as capacity adjustment requires manual intervention under power outage, the phenomenon of over and under compensation may always happen, the rate of putting into operation of reactive power compensation is relatively low, and so on. At the same time, there is no sampling function at the primary side of the main transformer because of the special devices in rural substations. In order to realize the objectives that the power factor is not less than 0.95 at primary side and not less than 0.9 at secondary side at the highest load, in this paper, some optimal reactive power control strategies for rural substation were proposed. In accordance with the reactive power flow conditions of the rural distribution network, the pros and cons of two control strategies were analyzed. One of the strategies was sampling at the primary side of the main transformer, the other was sampling at the secondary side and switching control by power factor of secondary side. After comparison of such analysis, an optimal control strategy was proposed. The data were sampled in the substation secondary side, then the sampled data were evaluated in equivalence to the primary side, and then the power factor assessment criteria of primary side were used to control capacitor switching. The compensation capacity should be calculated after electric motor compensation, transformer compensation and distributed compensation on distribution line. The sampled values at secondary side and active loss and reactive loss of the main transformer were used to calculate compensation capacity to meet the power factor objectives of primary side. Through the example calculation and analysis by applying actual substation data a result were obtained. The result met appraisal standards and the power factor of main transformer primary side was above 0.95 at the highest load. If the power factor of main transformer secondary side was above 0.98, there was no need to compensate for substation. If the power factor of main transformer secondary side was under 0.97, after the compensation by using the proposed optimal compensation capacity and the primary side power factor control method, the power factor of the main transformer secondary side was not less than 0.98 and the primary side reaches 0.95. These results show that the proposed optimal control strategy and compensation capacity calculation method are feasible, and the research has practical significance of making full use of reactive power supply in rural distribution network.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Reactive power
Controlled terms:Capacitors - Circuit theory - Electric load loss - Electric power factor - Geographical distribution - Optimal control systems - Optimization - Outages - Power generation - Power supply circuits  - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Capacity calculation methods - Control strategies - Optimal control strategy - Power factors - Reactive power compensation - Reactive power optimization - Rural distribution networks - Substation
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 703.1 Electric Networks - 704.1 Electric Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20133816763082
Title:Monitoring system of irrigation for paddy fields based on wireless transmission
Authors:Ji, Jianwei (1); Ding, Hao (1); Li, Zhengming (1); Zhao, Yiyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Ding, H.(dh1831@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:52-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It was an urgent issue for the waste of water resources caused by the traditional irrigation methods. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, based on the automatic control technology and wireless communication technology, a set of rice irrigation control system with wireless transmission was designed in this paper. There were eighteen portable data acquisition station which transmitted wirelessly. The station using the PIC18F4520 microcontroller could control the temperature, humidity and liquid level sensor by setting the interval of data acquisition time. ND250A digital radio was connected with microcontroller by RS232 serial port. The data information was sent to the master station via the radio station. The power supply module of base station was made up of the solar energy battery and voltage control circuit, which could output 5 V and 12 V DC voltage and guarantee all the equipment of the base station operating stably for a long time in the open air of field work. According to the cold environment in the area of the north and rice water requirement, the solar heating system on the basis of increasing water temperature by sunning naturally was introduced in this paper, which utilized the extensive solar collectors to heat exchange, and could output rapidly the suitable warm water for the growth of rice (25&deg;C). This system controlled and managed the executive equipments such as the irrigation water pump and the electromagnetic valves by SLC500 programmable controller. Factorytalk View Configuration software was used to design the man-machine interface, control the information collection, analysis and process the data, monitor the operating conditions of the system, realize the remote automatic or manual control and control precisely irrigation water volume. There was a large number of HD camera distributing in and around the paddy fields, so the rice growth situation could achieve the real-time display by the video management software. What's more, the growth conditions of rice plant could be viewed in detail by 30 times optical zoom lens. At the same time, it also monitored the irrigation system and the collection of the base station operation conditions. All the software control was concentrated in the control center which the industrial PC was communicated with PLC by OPC. The center set up the information management interface based on WEB and developed the data management system software with SQL dataset, which provided the comprehensive data analysis, report inquiry and type and trend display charts and other functions. Video server in the center was responsible for storing video data and provided the consult for users at any time. Since the system put into operation, it was timely for the information collection, stable for the wireless transmission, normal for the automatic irrigation system operation and clear for the data analysis results. So it met the design requirements of system, especially it was great significant for the automation irrigation of rice in the northern.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Automation - Base stations - Control - Data acquisition - Digital radio - Digital television - Electric power supplies to apparatus - Humidity control - Information management - Irrigation  - Lenses - Monitoring - Process control - Radio stations - Solar cells - Solar energy - Water resources - Water supply - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic control technologies - Automatic irrigation systems - Configuration software - Information collections - Portable data acquisitions - Utilization efficiency - Wireless communication technology - Wireless transmissions
Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 732.1 Control Equipment - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 615.2 Solar Power - 402 Buildings and Towers - 715.2 Industrial Electronic Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20133816763079
Title:Construction of laser vision system for apple harvesting robot
Authors:Feng, Juan (1); Liu, Gang (1); Si, Yongsheng (2); Wang, Shengwei (1); Zhou, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Information Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
Corresponding author:Liu, G.(pac@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:32-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Machine vision was one of the largest external environmental information sources, which was not only related to the capability of recognizing fruit fast and accurately, but also determined the reliability of harvesting robot directly. Designing and developing vision system customized and suitable to harvesting objects was of great significance to realize automatic fruit harvesting. CCD camera was the key component for existing vision systems, but it had a certain limitation for fruit recognition rate and position accuracy, because it was sensitive to unstructured harvesting environment, that was varying, unknown and open, especially to the problems such as the uncertainty of illumination conditions. Therefore, a laser vision system for apple harvesting robot was presented to avoid or reduce the effect of natural light. Based on the principle of time-of-flight, LMS211 was used for data acquisition with higher measurement precision and faster response speed. A linear motion unit was designed for assisting laser range finder to complete three dimensional scanning of object scene, which could adjust movement speed and travel of sliding table freely. A software based on Visual C 6.0 was developed for date collection and management, MATLAB would be used for range images generation, image preprocessing, fruit recognition and position in the later period. The different experimental results showed that scanning data could reflect the characteristics of fruit surface ideally within a certain measurement range (including valid scanning distance range from 200 mm to 1400 mm, and ideal scanning angle range from 80&deg; to 120&deg;), and the suitable horizontal resolution was computed by the best estimator, which would increased imaging accuracy. Range image generated was easy to analyze geometrical features of fruits, leaves and branches, and hierarchical relationship between each other. At the same time, the kind of image was immune to various lighting condition, which background could be simplified by range constraint conveniently. All these advantages could provide even richer pattern information for fruit recognition.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Computer vision
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Computer software - Fruits - Harvesting - Lasers - MATLAB - Robots - Scanning - Vision
Uncontrolled terms:Apple - Environmental information - Flight time - Harvesting robot - Horizontal resolution - Illumination conditions - Range images - Three-dimensional scanning
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 744.1 Lasers, General - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 921 Mathematics - 741.2 Vision - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.5 Robotics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20133816763094
Title:Multi-objective planning of rural power network incorporating distributed generation
Authors:Tang, Wei (1); Bo, Bo (2); Cong, Pengwei (1); L&#252;, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Department of Marketing, JIBEI Electric Power Company Limited, Beijing 100053, China
Corresponding author:Tang, W.(wei_tang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:132-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Access of DG to rural power network is closely related to the power energy loss, voltage quality and reliability of rural power network. Therefore, the optimal allocation of DG has important significance for economic and safe operation of rural power grid. In order to make full use of DG, a multi-objective planning method of DG in rural power network is presented in this paper, which takes location and capacity of DG as decision variables, the minimums of the equipment investment cost, system power loss, interruption cost and power purchasing cost as objective functions, power flow balances as equality constraints, maximum line current, upper and lower limit of node voltage, and capacity and quantity limit of DG as inequality constraints. The four objectives are graded according to their importance. The power loss directly reflecting the system operation economy is taken as the first grade, the equipment investment cost reflecting the planning scheme economy as the second grade, the reliability reflecting system operation safety as the third grade, and power purchasing cost as the fourth grade. The judgment matrix can be formed according to the index grade, and then index weights can be calculated by using Judgment Matrix method. The weights of equipment investment cost, system power loss, interruption cost and power purchasing cost are 0.2633, 0.5639, 0.1179 and 0.0549 respectively. The proposed multi-objective optimization is transformed into the single-objective optimization by weighting. The optimal allocation of DG is achieved by the improved genetic algorithm. Each chromosome consists of some gene segments, and each gene segment using 3 binary digits (corresponding to the 8 possible capacity types) represents DG capacity of each candidate location. Adaptive crossover and mutation is adopted, the crossover rate P<inf>c</inf> and mutation rate P<inf>m</inf> of each individual is adaptively adjusted according to individual fitness value. The individual with high fitness value will have lower P<inf>c</inf> and P<inf>m</inf>, and is easy to be retained, but the individual with low fitness value will have high P<inf>c</inf> and P<inf>m</inf>, and is easy to be damaged. In order to avoid the low efficiency of the algorithm caused by too many DG candidate positions, a practical method to determine the DG candidate position is put forward by analyzing the improving effects of the power losses, voltage and reliability. The power loss improvement rate &eta;, means the ratio of the power loss after installing DG and the power loss before installing DG, is used to quantify power loss improvement degree. The voltage improvement rate &delta;, means the ratio of the voltage quality after installing DG and the voltage quality before installing DG, is used to quantify the voltage improvement degree. The more smaller &eta; is and the more bigger &delta; is, the more better effect of DG is. The method to determine the DG candidate position is as follows: 1) Sort the power loss improvement rates of all nodes in ascending order, select the front 40% nodes as candidate nodes. 2) Sort the voltage improvement rates of all nodes in descending order, select the front 20% nodes as candidate nodes. 3) Add the load points requiring high reliability. 4) Add candidate nodes for heavy load branch according to the load size. 5) Combine the adjacent nodes selected by above steps. To examine this method's practical applicability, IEEE 33 node system is used as an example for an empirical research. Two optimal schemes of DG are obtained by using the proposed method, the scheme 1 has larger network loss cost and power purchasing cost, meanwhile the scheme 2 has larger equipment investment cost and interruption cost. Planning engineer can select the optimal scheme based on practical planning objectives and requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective for the optimal allocation of DG in the distribution network, and can effectively improve the investment efficiency and performance index of rural power grid.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Costs
Controlled terms:Constraint theory - Distributed power generation - Economics - Electric network analysis - Energy dissipation - Equipment - Genes - Genetic algorithms - Health - Investments  - Multiobjective optimization - Planning - Power generation - Reliability - Rural areas - Sales
Uncontrolled terms:Equality constraints - Equipment investment - Inequality constraint - Investment efficiency - Multi-objective planning - Power networks - Single objective optimization - Siting and sizings
Classification code:706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 961 Systems Science - 901 Engineering Profession - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20133816763078
Title:Performance testing system of trailer axle based on virtual instrument
Authors:Wu, Weibin (1); Zhao, Ben (3); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Zhao, Wenfeng (3); Deng, Xiaoling (3); Zhu, Yuqing (3); Ruan, Shaomeng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Mechanical Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:25-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The axle is one of the most important components directly relating the safety operation of vehicles. However, the testing method of axle on site used in China is backward and inefficient, while checking failures occur now and then. But the theory of reliability design of fatigue, which has been well developed, is difficult to be applied to the test of axle on site. In recent years, the computing automotive technology is advocated at abroad to solve the complicated problem of how to put the reliability analysis of fatigue into practice. This paper realized the 3D simulation of testing system through the Pro/E software as well as constructed the system, which was based on the trailer axle testing system prototype. The system hardware was comprised of support, guide, sensors, AC servo motor and servo driver; meanwhile, the system software adapted the modularized idea in order to divide the monolithic construction into five parts, including main operation control module and 4 testing modules. Every testing module was constituted by 5 submodules. The system software program was written by LabVIEW. It drove the linkage device by controlling the rotation of the servo motor and loaded the simulated axle through two pressure heads, then the displacement and pressure were collected as feedback through the data acquisition card. The displacement-voltage linear relationship of A/B pressure head was obtained through experiments on displacement sensors before system test. By calibrating the straight-line equation, the result was that the maximum locating relative error is 5.207%, and the absolute value of average relative error was 1.4%. The voltage-load linear relationship of A/B pressure head was obtained by accurate positioning of load. Analyzed by software SPSS, in the equation of the load stress and voltage linear regression, the result was that R &gt; 0.994, Sig. &lt; 0.05, thus regression was significant. According the constructed testing system, the performance of fatigue, stiffness, strength, and stress of the simulated axle were tested and analyzed. In fatigue test, flaw occurred after 821 times vibration and efficacy was lost after 1067 times vibration; in stiffness test, spot D almost stayed unchanged and the displacements of spot C and E ranged from 60 to 63 mm; in strength test, the maximum displacement of sensor E was 66.622 mm; in stress test, the maximum displacement of spot E was 66.751 mm, and the maximum stress was 259.444 MPa. The system was steady. The simulated test had been lasting for one month and no bug was found. Therefore, the result generally meets the project requirement.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Axles
Controlled terms:AC generator motors - Computer software - Digital devices - Fatigue of materials - Fatigue testing - Instruments - Reliability theory - Sensors - Servomotors - Stiffness
Uncontrolled terms:Automotive technology - Average relative error - Data acquisition cards - Intensity - LabViEW - Linear relationships - Maximum displacement - Performance tests
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science - 732.1 Control Equipment - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 705.3.1 AC Motors - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20133816763086
Title:Atmospheric correction for ETM image based on thin cloud removal
Authors:Li, Weiguo (1); Jiang, Nan (1); Wang, Jihua (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Economy and Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (2) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100089, China
Corresponding author:Li, W.(jaaslwg@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:82-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:When processed agricultural remote sensing monitoring in the south of China, remote sensing images are often affected by thin cloud. Atmospheric absorption and scattering effect can make the sensor receives ground reflectance differs from the true value, which is the main reason for the decline of remote sensing data. It is necessary to remove thin cloud and fog and make the atmospheric correction. This study used the LandSat-7/ETM image, made the cloud removal by BSHTI-VCP method, contrast the result by dark element method, made the FLAASH atmospheric correction with the processed image, analyzed and evaluated the spectral characteristics and NDVI value of typical objects before and after correction. The results showed that the BSHTI-VCP method can lower pixel gray value of visible light and near-infrared wave with 0.3341-0.5476 and 0.0591-0.2512, separately, 0.0529-1.0729 increase in image average gradient, and raise information entropy, too. The BSHTI-VCP method can effectively eliminate the influence of thin cloud and fog on remote sensing data which increased the image quality of cloud cover range. FLAASH atmospheric correction effectively eliminates the effect of atmosphere and can obtain the ground truth surface reflectance, improve the spectral characters of cropland surface, obviously. This study provides theoretical basis for crops remote sensing monitoring further quantitative inversion and information interpretation in the south of China.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Image processing - Image reconstruction - Reflection
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural remote sensing - Atmospheric absorption - Atmospheric corrections - ETM image - Haze removal - Information interpretation - Remote sensing monitoring - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:711 Electromagnetic Waves - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20133816763097
Title:Improvement and system development on location optimization model of distribution transformer for rural power network
Authors:Zhu, Shiping (1); Wang, Jingna (1); Tang, Chao (1); Dai, Shengli (3); Xu, Yuanchun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (2) Zunyi Power Supply Bureau, Zunyi 563000, China; (3) Wanzhou Power Supply Bureau, Wanzhou 404000, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, S.(zspswu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:149-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The rural power networks play a very important role in the power network in China. The rural networks built in the old days are usually not standardized, and therefore, a lot of problems emerged these days. Such as, most of the transmission line is aged, the insulation ability of the transmission line degraded, the household voltage is relatively low, the distribution network line loss is very high, and so on. Moreover, making some branches and connections without any order, current leakage, as well as the fire risk exist in many places, especially in the rural areas of mainland China. In order to ensure the safety of electrical power supply, the electric network retrofit for the rural areas and the remote peasant households is needed to be performed urgently. As for the rural power network retrofit and newly built projects, it is quite important to reduce the electrical power loss and keep the normal power supply voltage from the economic and reliable points of view. To keep the deviation of 380 V power supply voltage within the range of -10%-7% rated voltage, the distribution transformers are usually located in the center of the load, and economic power supply radius is required to be less than 500 m. In this respect, it is quite important to choose a reasonable location of the distribution transformer for the safety, reliability and economic operation of power networks. As the core work of power transformer planning, the distribution transformer location optimization for rural power network basically indicated the location determination of the distribution transformer according to the local economic and technical index, which had to satisfy the electricity consumption at the same time. The goal of the distribution transformer location optimization is to minimize the loss of the distribution network while ensuring the stability and reliability of power supply. The distribution transformer location optimization, which was closely related with the future electricity demand forecasting for the load point, the requirements of the distribution network planning, and the electric power system operating index, has a great influence on the economic effect of the electric power department and social effect. At present, many researches has been done on the location optimization model and the optimization algorithms of the substation, though less attention has been paid on the location optimization of the distribution transformer. Therefore, it is very urgent to carry on the studies in the field mentioned above. In Chongqing city, as the rural power network mainly distributes in hills and mountainous, the altitude of the load points has an important impact to the location of distribution transformer, at the same time, because of the existence of the sag, the length of the transmission line is not a straight-line distance. For the reasons above, the traditional optimization model used in the location of distribution transformer was modified in this paper. The line correction coefficient (&alpha;) which was connected with the sag was introduced, the line distance computational formula according to the altitude of the load points was improved, and the modified optimization model (M-TLOM) was put forward. Then, an optimized location system of distribution transformer (DTLOS 1.0) was developed based on the Visual Basic 6.0. The instance analysis indicated that the modified model could reduce the loss of distribution network.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Electric lines - Electric network analysis - Electricity - Location - Mathematical models - Models - Optimization - Power transformers - Retrofitting  - Rural areas - Safety engineering - Transmission line theory
Uncontrolled terms:Correction coefficients - Distribution network planning - Distribution transformer - Electricity demand forecasting - Electricity-consumption - Optimization algorithms - Power networks - Stability and reliabilities
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913.5 Maintenance - 914 Safety Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 706.2 Electric Power Lines and Equipment - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 703.1 Electric Networks - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20133816763081
Title:Parameter optimization on killing aphid by using high-voltage electrostatic discharge
Authors:Zhu, Lin (1); Xue, Shaoping (1); Chen, Jun (1); Yan, Qinlao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Guangdong Jiaotong University, Guangzhou 510800, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, L.(zhulin@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:46-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To avoid the hazards of pesticide residues, high-voltage electrostatic discharge was recommended to kill tobacco aphid. The pest control effects via the traditional pesticides and high-voltage electrostatic discharge were compared. The test apparatus of high voltage electrostatic disinsection is adjustable from 20 to 60 kV high voltage. The initial test voltage is 40 kV, and the probe scanning distance is 25 mm. The probe terminals were to scan the tobacco leaves from its bottom to top, close to the tobacco leaves surface. Since disturbance of the probe, the front and back of the tobacco leaves were all in the electric field. The scan time is about 1-2 s. For the traditional pesticide pest control, the pesticide "KANGFUDUO" with a concentration of 20% diluting for 4000 times was used. The conventional spraying method was employed, 750 liters per hectare of water consumption. The test plot is 330 m2 and divided into three blocks with an isolation belt of 2 meters in width for each two blocks. Each block of field was with 200 plants with a plant spacing of 0.55 meter and the line spacing of 1.1 meter. One block was subjected to electrostatic pest control, one was to undergo pesticide pest control, and the remaining block was arranged for reference. Listed sampling method was used for the electrostatic pest control, pesticide pest control, as well as the reference block and the number of the aphid was nearly the same. 3 replicates were conducted and data were averaged. The height of the test tobacco plant is 1.2 to 1.5 meters, 12 to 14 leaves. The trial was conducted during 10 consecutive sunny days. The types and quantities of field pests before pest control test were investigated and recorded. The pest control effects were analyzed after treatment for 1 day, 5 days and 9 days, respectively. The study shows that the rate of pest control by using high voltage electrostatic discharge method was up to 70.38%-78.73%, lower than the pesticide pest control (92.97%-95.96%), yet it is non-toxic, and has little effect on the natural enemies of the ladybug. On the basis of the experimental data, a high-voltage electrostatic crop pest control parameters were optimized, which provides a technical basis for the design and manufacture of high-voltage electrostatic crop pest control machine. To 1 day of pest control effect treated as a target, L<inf>9</inf> (3³) orthogonal tables were arranged, 3 factors are test voltage (A), scan time (B) and scanning distance (C). Through orthogonal optimization, the optimal pest control voltage (50 kV), pest control time (3 s) and pest control distance (15 mm) were determined. The aphid-killing rate with the optimal parameters is up to 83%.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Pest control
Controlled terms:Crops - Electric fields - Electricity - Electrostatic devices - Electrostatic discharge - Optimization - Pesticide effects - Plants (botany) - Probes - Static electricity  - Tobacco - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Aphid - Control parameters - Design and manufactures - Orthogonal experiment - Orthogonal optimizations - Parameter optimization - Pesticide residue - Water consumption
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 461.9 Biology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20133816763090
Title:Diagnostic method of soybean diseases based on uncertain reasoning of evidence credibility
Authors:Guan, Haiou (1); Du, Songhuai (2); Ma, Xiaodan (1); Su, Juan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Technology Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Su, J.(sujuan@cua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:109-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soybean diseases are the important factors for restricting high-yield, high-quality, and high efficiency of sustainable agriculture, so soybean diseases should been diagnosed timely and accurately for intelligent agriculture. But the widely used traditional visual diagnostic methods could not meet the agricultural producers' request of timely, because the high degree of subjective factors made it time-consuming and inaccurate. So it is very important to develop the intelligent disease diagnosis system. In this paper, we present a diagnostic method of soybean diseases based on uncertain reasoning of evidence credibility, which is combined evidence theory and uncertainty pass algorithm of credibility to overcome the complexity and uncertainty of the characteristic conditions for soybean disease expert system. In this paper, soybean diseases were set for study objects, and the automatic diagnosis model of soybean has been established through expression of credibility of knowledge for diseases of evidence and the use of pass algorithm for uncertainty reasoning rules, and the purpose of whose was to open up a new way for soybean disease remote system with efficiency and good robustness. There are two main stages of the proposed method. Firstly, the period, location and symptoms of soybean diseases characteristics and the prior knowledge of expert system are comprised as inferential credibility weights. Secondly, achieve the remote automatic diagnosis and decision-making for soybean disease used the proposed uncertain reasoning of evidence credibility method. The experiment carried out in reclamation of Heilongjiang province through dealing with actual data shows that the proposed method achieves a high accuracy of 87.62%, and has good adaptability, practicality as well as popularization. This method is a new efficient way for remote intelligent diagnostics and scientific management of plant diseases. In the later application, through uncertainty reasoning method and control strategy, the crop diseases intelligent diagnosis model with niche targeting can be set up, which according to many factors such as crop disease characteristics of credibility and priori knowledge of agricultural experts as well as characteristics of root, stipe, flower and fruit.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Diagnosis
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Crops - Disease control - Diseases - Expert systems
Uncontrolled terms:Evidence credibility - Intelligent diagnosis - Intelligent diagnostics - Scientific management - Soybean - Sustainable agriculture - Uncertain reasoning - Uncertainty reasoning
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4.1 Expert Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20133816763092
Title:Distributed generation expands scope of protection at downstream of distribution network
Authors:Tian, Youwen (1); Guo, Lijie (2); Yu, Dongmin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electric Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (2) Shanxi Fenxi Mining Industry Group Company, Jiexiu 032000, China; (3) Shenyang Polytechnic College, Shenyang 110045, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Y.(youwen_tian10@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:122-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Distributed generation (DG) is a rising power electrical source technology, which brings considerable economic benefits and society benefits. So DG is applied widely in power distribution network. But primary current protection couldn't meet need of the selectivity and sensitivity because it was affected by change of the system operation mode in power distribution network. The distance protection was affected little by the system operation change. The effect of the distributed generation access to radial distribution network on distance protection was studied in this paper. Matlab/simulink was utilized to establish the simulation model of power distribution network with the distributed generation, which was configured three-step distance protection on each line. Through changing DG capacity and DG different positions access to the distribution network, the effect of the distributed generation on the distance protection was analyzed roundly. When DG was located in the downstream of fault spot, distance protection would not be affected on this line. When DG was located in the upstream of fault spot, the measure impedance of distance protection which was located in the upstream of DG would be smaller and the protection scope of distance protection would be longer when the DG positions was closed to fault spot. Then the distance protection could operate correctly. But the measure impedance of the distance protection located in the downstream of DG would be invariable, the distance protection could operate correctly. So the distance protection would not be affected, which located in the downstream of DG. The measure impedance of distance protection located in the upstream of DG would be larger and the protection scope of distance protection would be shorter when the DG positions access to the distribution network was unchanged and the DG capacity was becoming larger. Likewise the measure impedance of distance protection was unchanged, which located in the downstream of DG. The distance protection would not be affected. But when fault happened in the protection scope of distance II protection, the measure impedance of distance protection located in the upstream of DG would be larger as the DG capacity was becoming larger, which led to the distance II protection couldn't operate correctly. So the access of DG would be influence on the distance II protection. The simulated test results show that the access of DG would be influence on the sensitivity and selectivity of distance protection located in the upstream of DG, but the distance I and II protection could operate correctly. The distance protection would not be affected when it located in the downstream of DG. When the DG positions access to the distribution network was changed, the measure impedance of distance protection was smaller as the DG was nearer to fault spot, which led to influence on the selectivity. When the DG capacity was changed, the measure impedance of distance protection was larger as the DG capacity was larger, which led to decrease the sensitivity. So some measures should be taken to decrease the DG influence on the distance protection and enhanced power supply reliability, which restricted the capacity of the access DG or adopted the adaptive distance protection equipment.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Distributed power generation
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Electric network analysis - Electric power distribution - Electric power supplies to apparatus - Electric power systems - Electricity - Models
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive distance protection - Distance protection - Electrical sources - Power distribution network - Power supply reliability - Radial distribution networks - Selectivity and sensitivity - System operation modes
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 715.2 Industrial Electronic Equipment - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20133816763089
Title:Predicting apple tree leaf nitrogen content based on hyperspectral and wavelet packet analysis
Authors:Zhang, Yao (1); Zheng, Lihua (1); Li, Minzan (1); Deng, Xiaolei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, L.(zhenglh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:101-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This research is aimed at exploring high accuracy method on detecting nitrogen content for apple leaves in different physiological phenological phases. The experiments were conducted during the periods of fruit-bearing, fruit-falling and fruit-maturing separately. 20 apple trees were selected randomly from different regions in an apple orchard located in Beijing suburb, China. Then a main branch of each target tree was selected and three representative parts (base part, middle part and top part) of every bough were marked. And then leaves samples were collected from each representative part of each target tree, and 60 leaves samples were obtained in each phenological period. The collected samples were carried to the laboratory quickly, and their visible and NIR spectral reflectance were measured using Shimadzu UV-2450 spectrograph and their nitrogen content were detected using Kjeldahl method. For data processing, firstly data cluster analysis was conducted among the spectral reflectance and nitrogen content based on individual tree, hence 20 new sample data were obtained accordingly. Then the spectrum of each tree was decomposed using wavelet packet technology. The results revealed that with the wavelet packet decomposition scale increasing, signal of spectrum low-frequency and de-noised high-frequency separated gradually. The low-frequency signal became smoother apparently, some peak-valleys reflecting the biological characteristics disappeared. For the de-noised high-frequency signal, it didn't change significantly with decomposition scale deepened in the visible region, while the noise decreased in the near infrared region. And then principle component analysis was applied respectively to the original spectra, extracted low-frequency spectra and de-noised high-frequency spectra. Finally, linear regression models for predicting leaf nitrogen content were established based on the principle components extracted from the according spectra and NDVI (859 nm, 364 nm). The results indicated that: (1) in different psychological phonological phases, the total nitrogen content forecasting models built with different wavelet packet decomposition spectra had higher accuracy than that with NDVI since full spectra could reserve more valid information than the signals at two sensitive wavebands; (2) the models established using the principal components extracted from the de-noised high-frequency spectra had the highest accuracy in fruit-bearing and fruit-maturing period. While in physiological fruit-falling period, the model established by the principal components extracted from the low-frequency spectra was the best; (3) in fruit-bearing period, the highest accuracy regression model went to which established based on the principal components extracted from the high-frequency noise removed spectra after 5-layer decomposition. Its calibration R² reached to 0.9502, RMSEC was 0.0978, and the validation R² reached to 0.7285, RMSEP was 0.0885; (4) in fruit-falling period, the best regression model went to that established based on the principal components extracted from the low frequency spectra after 7-layer decomposition. Its calibration R² reached to 0.9539, RMSEC was 0.0553, and the validation R² reached to 0.9273, RMSEP was 0.087; (5) in fruit-maturing period, the best regression model was that established based on the principal components extracted from the high-frequency noise removed spectra after 3-layer decomposition. Its calibration R² reached to 0.9577, RMSEC was 0.0576, and the validation R² reached to 0.9013, RMSEP was 0.0791; (6) wavelet packet decomposition technique is an effective way to enhance the spectrum prediction ability of apple tree leaves nitrogen content, meanwhile in order to improve the predicting accuracy, wavelet packet decomposition level should be determined based on the spectral characteristics in different physiological phonological phases.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Audio signal processing - Calibration - Cluster analysis - Data processing - Forecasting - Forestry - Infrared devices - Linear regression - Mathematical models - Nitrogen  - Physiological models - Physiology - Principal component analysis - Reflection - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analyzers - Speech - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Apple trees - Biological characteristic - Linear regression models - Multiple linear regressions - NDVI - Principle component analysis - Spectral characteristics - Wavelet Packet Decomposition
Classification code:821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 751.5 Speech - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20133816763118
Title:Process optimization of roller extruder with equal diameter of antarctic krill
Authors:Zheng, Xiaowei (1); Shen, Jian (1); Cai, Shujun (1); Zhang, Yongjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National R and D Branch Center For Aquatic Product Processing Equipment, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
Corresponding author:Shen, J.(shenjian@fmiri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:286-293
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Antarctic krill had enormous quantity in the Southern Ocean and great value of development and utilization. However pretreatment processing such as husking of Antarctic krill was more difficult than other main economic shrimps because Antarctic krill was smaller and the fishing area was far from land. The whole machining process of Antarctic krill was finished on the ocean-going ships. The research of pretreatment technology of shrimps developed later in China. Peeling method was studied in order to get integral meat of Antarctic krill. Parameters such as body length and weight of the Antarctic krill just be caught up were measured. The sample which had a body length between 40 mm to 45 mm was selected and be kept fresh. The krill was peeled by manual and mechanical operation respectively and the meat yield of the sample was measured. Considering the effect of shear and rub produced by differential rotation and effect of squeeze produced by relative rotation, dual rollers were designed in constant velocity and relative rotation in order to keep the meat integrally. Taking the roller diameter 50mm as the fixed parameters in the test, the impacts of roller speed, roller gap and the number of rotation on peeling were researched. The process conditions of roller extruder of Antarctic krill were optimized by Box-Behnken center-united experiment design. Taking meat yield as dependent variable, the models were obtained by using response surface analysis of the three factors of roller speed, roller gap and the number of rotations based on single factor experiments. The results indicated that interaction effect of roller speed and roller gap on the meat yield achieved very significant level. The influencing factors had a complicated relationship with each other. Among these factors roller gap had the most significant impact on the meat yield, roller speed and the number of rotations ranked in order. The optimized technology parameters were that roller speed was 1.6 rolls per second, the roller gap was 0.5 mm and the number of rotations was 1.7 r, respectively. Under the optimized conditions the meat yield was 36.44%. The experiment indicated that there was a good fit between the predicted and the experimental values. The mathematical model was also very accurate. Therefore, the peeling process conditions getting from the response surface for Antarctic krill had a certain value in use and the method would probably be used on the ship. Then the relationship between the storage time of krill and the meat yield was studied. The results showed that: the meat yield of peeling continuous decrease with the increase of storage time. The meat yield by manual husking reduced from 35.29% to 29.73% and the meat yield by machine reduced from 34.71% to 21.08%. Mechanical manipulation got lower meat yield than the manual operation and the decline was more apparent. Meat of krill might easier be squished in peeling by machine and caused the reducing of the meat yield. This phenomenon was more obviously under poor quality. The result provided the reference for the development of peeling equipment of Antarctic krill.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Rollers (machine components)
Controlled terms:Experiments - Fisheries - Machining - Mathematical models - Meats - Optimization - Peeling - Rotation - Shear flow - Shellfish  - Ships - Speed - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Antarctic krill - Development and utilizations - Differential rotation - Mechanical manipulation - Pretreatment processing - Pretreatment technology - Response surface analysis - Single-factor experiments
Classification code:674 Small Craft and Other Marine Craft - 818.5 Rubber Products - 822.3 Food Products - 951 Materials Science - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 672 Naval Vessels - 671 Naval Architecture - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 461.9 Biology - 471.5 Sea as Source of Minerals and Food - 601.2 Machine Components - 604.2 Machining Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20133816763087
Title:Multi-scale morphological filter for image segmentation of very high resolution satellite imagery
Authors:Yue, Anzhi (1); Yang, Jianyu (1); Zhang, Chao (1); Zhu, Dehai (1); Yun, Wenju (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electronics Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (3) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of land Resources, Beijing 100035, China
Corresponding author:Yang, J.(ycjyyang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:89-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The morphological filters can suppress impulse noise or small image components/structures while preserving very important geometrical features such as edges. So, the morphological filters have been widely used in image preprocessing to remove the image noises and noise reduction is critical step for image segmentation. Morphological filters analyze the geometrical structure of image by locally comparing it with a predefined elementary shape called a structure element. Different scale image edges are detected by using several typical structure elements. Large amounts of experimental results demonstrate that the size of structure element have much dependence with image background. Therefore, many studies devote to the adaptive optimization of structure elements of morphological filters. However, the structure element of the same scale is traditionally adopted to establish a filter and remove noise from very high resolution satellite images prior to image segmentation. This method ignores the problem of inconsistencies between different land use types in the noise scale. In this paper, for the complicated background satellite imagery, a multi-scale morphological filtering method, which takes full advantage of the merits of large and small structure element by weighted strategy and combines them with the filtering results of multi-scale structure elements, is proposed based on morphological opening-and closing-reconstruction operations. To evaluate the multi-scale morphological filter for the image segmentation, three filtering approaches and segmentation accuracy assessment results are compared in this study. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively solve over-segmentation and under-segmentation problem that result from improper scale of structure element. Compared with accuracy assessments of single scale and multi-scale morphological filters, the multi-scale morphological filter segmentation obtained higher accuracy than single scale filter segmentation, and is suitable for removing the multi-scale noise from very high resolution satellite images.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Filters (for fluids) - Mathematical morphology - Noise abatement - Satellite imagery - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive optimization - Different land use types - Morphological filtering - Multi-scale - Multi-scale structures - Segmentation accuracy - Very high resolution satellite imagery - Very high resolution satellite images
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 741.1 Light/Optics - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20133816763114
Title:Online testing of lumber drying moisture based on layered information fusion
Authors:Sun, Liping (1); Zhang, Dongyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
Corresponding author:Sun, L.(zdhslp@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:257-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Lumber drying process is a complex dynamic system with strong coupling and nonlinear characteristics, and external environment parameters and physical parameter of lumber itself all may affect the changes of lumber moisture content. At present there are many traditional measuring methods for lumber moisture content, but the particularity and complex nonlinearity of the drying process make them have some limitations or disadvantages. It is an important research content for lumber drying full automatic control process achievement, how to quickly and efficiently establish the corresponding relationship between various parameters and moisture content, so as to realize real-time online testing of lumber moisture content. The multi-sensor information processed by multisensor information fusion system has the more complex forms, and can be on different levels of information, which can further gain much more information of detected target and environment. Its application in lumber drying control can effectively improve drying control level. In the study, a online testing layered fusion system of lumber moisture content is built for lumber drying process based on multi-sensor information fusion technology. According to the problem of low testing accuracy of lumber moisture content, the wavelet packet transform filtering estimation algorithm is used in data fusion layer. Data layer fusion accomplishes multi-sensor data fusion and state estimation, and uses mathematical method to seek state vector best fit for observation data. Research results show that wavelet packet has great advantages in testing and processing mutations and strong interference signals, and has good filtering effect for temperature and lumber moisture content. For the nonlinear, strong coupling and time-varying characteristics of lumber drying process, feature fusion layer uses least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) to establish model on the relationship between environment parameters (temperature, humidity) and lumber moisture content, and predict the lumber moisture content base on the model. The prediction results show that LSSVM has certain robustness and can fit actual moisture content curve with higher precision, its generalization ability is stronger. Based on MATLAB GUI, a fusion system platform is designed to accomplish online prediction of lumber moisture content. Its experimental results show that the platform can effectively realize online testing and predicting based on layered information fusion technology, and can intuitively display the prediction results for different lumber species or different drying process. All these studies provide reliable basis for the control decision of lumber drying automatic control system, and have good practical industry applying value and developing prospect.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Automation - Control - Data fusion - Forecasting - Information fusion - Lumber - Moisture determination - Sensors - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Information fusion technology - Least squares support vector machines - Lumber moisture content - Multi-sensor information fusion - Nonlinear characteristics - On-line testing - Time-varying characteristics - Wavelet packet transforms
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801 Chemistry - 732 Control Devices - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 642.1 Process Heating
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20133816763113
Title:Finite element analysis of vibration mode and firmness evaluation for Korla pear
Authors:Wang, Zhaopeng (1); Wu, Jie (1); Mei, Weijiang (1); Ge, Yun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wu, J.(wjshz@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:251-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The firmness of fruits can be estimated with measurement of its natural frequency (f). Considering the effects of mass (m) and density (&rho;) on natural frequency of fruits, the different firmness indexes f²m, f²m^2/3 and f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3 were proposed. Nevertheless, some studies showed that the natural frequency of fruit was also affected by fruit shape. Consequently, the calculated values of these indexes (e.g. f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3) were inaccurate for firmness evaluation of fruit. However, little information is reported on the firmness index considering the fruit shape. Because the finite element modal analysis has been widely used to obtain natural frequency and mode shapes of fruits and vegetables, so in this work it was applied to provide data of natural frequencies of Korla pear with different shapes and the new firmness index including the fruit shape factor was then established. The roundness ratio (q) of longitudinal cross section was employed to describe the fruit shape of Korla pear quantitatively. It is expressed as q=a/b, where a, b are the major axis (longest intercept) and intermediate axis (longest intercept normal to a) of longitudinal cross section. The previous index f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3 was transformed into f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3q^t introducing the power function of roundness ratio q^t. The outline of a real Korla pear was determined using the "Spline" option and the 3D solid model was created by rotating the half contour plane around the major axis. Assuming Korla pear as linear elastic and isotropic material, the model was free meshed using 3D tetrahedral structural solid element with 10 nodes (SOLID 187) in ANSYS Workbench 14.0. The first 20 natural frequencies and mode shapes were extracted from the free modal analysis results. In this work, range ratio (R.R) and coefficient of variation (C.V) were used to analyze the variation of the calculated values of the firmness index. The optimal values of t for different vibration modes, which were corresponding to the maximum of range ratio, were calculated through polynomial fitting the data of the range ratio. Large excitation energy could cause the Korla pears to be damaged, so the first three vibration modes with relative lower natural frequency were selected for analysis, namely torsion mode, bending mode and oblate-prolate mode. The largest deformation appeared at the stem end and the calyx end for selected mode shapes in the finite element modal analysis, so both ends of the Korla pear were suitable positions to excite and detect vibration signal. The results of ANOVA showed that the roundness ratio (q) describing Korla pear shape had significant effect on natural frequencies of these modes. For the new firmness index f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3q^t, the optimal values of t for different vibration modes were 1.19 for torsion mode, 1.47 for bending mode and 0.47 for oblate-prolate mode. Compared with index f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3, the range ratio of index f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3q^t was larger and the coefficient of variation was smaller obviously. Taking bending mode for example, the value of range ratio increased from 55.08% to 96.18%, whereas the coefficient of variation reduces from 21.97% to 0.61%. As a result, it indicated that the index f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3q^t could replace with the index f²m^2/3&rho;^1/3 to accurately evaluate the firmness of Korla pear. Furthermore, this firmness index can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for vibration detection of internal quality of Korla pear.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Finite element method - Modal analysis - Natural frequencies - Optimal systems - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Finite element modal analysis - Firmness evaluation - Fruit shape - Fruits and vegetables - Natural frequencies and modes - Polynomial fittings - Structural solid elements
Classification code:711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20133816763083
Title:Selection of water delivery schedule based on peak-valley electricity price and annual cost usage
Authors:Cheng, Rui (1); Xu, Deqian (1); Han, Hui (1); Zheng, Qiping (1); Yang, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Corresponding author:Xu, D.(xudeqian60@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:60-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The rational water delivery schedule is an important way to reduce water engineering cost, and the appropriate comparative method is the premise of optimization schedule. Currently, water delivery schedule selection is mainly based on the initial investment cost comparison. It is simple, but did not consider the value of the power cost of pipe network, peak-valley electricity price and the other factors. With the rise of electricity prices, power cost is a growing proportion in the total costs. As peak-valley electricity price carrying out, transmitting water in the time of the lower electrovalency can reduce power cost, but water pipeline and storage structure put forward new requirements. The cost for the filling and emptying system optimization will be between capital cost and power cost optimization. Therefore, this paper presents the annual cost method based on peak-valley electricity price as a new method of comparison, considering the initial capital investment costs, the power cost during the network operation, depreciation and overhaul costs and the other factors. This paper presents three water delivery schedules: 1) transmitting water uniformly in 24 hours by two parallel pipes; 2) transmitting water uniformly in 24 hours by one pipe with a reservoir in the end; 3) transmitting water uniformly in the time of lower electrovalency by one pipe with a reservoir in the end. Using the minimum annual cost of the water delivery as the objective function, and the reliability of water delivery system as the constraint condition, we find out the minimum annual cost of the three water delivery schedules. The results of power costs have a large proportion in annual cost, the price of electricity has an important effect on the water transmission selection. As peak-valley electricity price carrying out, rational water transmitting in time of lower electrovalency can reduce power cost.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Cost reduction
Controlled terms:Cost engineering - Costs - Electricity - Investments - Landforms - Optimization - Reservoirs (water) - Water supply - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Annual cost - Constraint conditions - Electricity prices - Objective functions - Optimization schedule - System optimizations - Water delivery - Water delivery systems
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 481.1 Geology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 441.2 Reservoirs
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20133816763091
Title:Recognition for cucumber disease based on leaf spot shape and neural network
Authors:Jia, Jiannan (1); Ji, Haiyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Ji, H.(instru@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:115-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Disease will seriously affect the yield and quality of cucumber and cause economic losses to farmers. Therefore, the research of recognition for cucumber disease is necessary. In this paper, cucumber disease characteristic parameters were extracted after image processing. Then cucumber diseases were identified using neural network. Cucumber leaves of bacterial angular leaf spot and downy mildew were collected for image recognition. The images of cucumber disease leaves would be processed by using a series of image pre-processing methods, such as image transforming, image smoothing and image segmentation. White was chosen as the background of diseased leaf, median filter was utilized to effectively wipe out the disturbance of noise, and two-apex method was applied to separate the disease images from the background. In the experiment of cucumber lesion site segmentation, this paper attempted to process images by using edge detection method and maximum inter-class variance method. The contour of lesion site extracted by edge detection method was not very complete, while the Image segmentation result by using maximum inter-class variance method was better. First, the lesion site was extracted from R branch image by the method of maximum inter-class variance. The background image was obtained from B branch image by the method of histogram threshold segmentation. The lesion image could be obtained by subtraction of the two images. The shape characteristics of the lesion could be extracted after regional marker. In the experiment of identification for cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot and downy mildew, 10 shape features were extracted. Each class of 30 samples, a total of 60 samples was selected as training samples and input to neural network. After the neural network had been trained, the remaining 20 samples of each class, a total of 40 samples were inputted to the neural network as test samples. The correct recognition rate is 100%. The result of the experiment shows that the identification method for cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot and downy mildew based on lesion site shape and neural network is feasible.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Diseases - Edge detection - Experiments - Fungi - Image recognition - Losses - Neural networks
Uncontrolled terms:Cucumber - Edge detection methods - Histogram threshold - Identification method - Image preprocessing - Segmentation results - Shape characteristics - Spot shapes
Classification code:911.2 Industrial Economics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 741.1 Light/Optics - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 461.9 Biology - 461.7 Health Care
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20133816763116
Title:Improved NIR quantitative model of soluble solids titratable acid ratio and titratable acidity in strawberry based on LS-SVM
Authors:Niu, Xiaoying (1); Zhou, Yuhong (2); Shao, Limin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
Corresponding author:Niu, X.(xiaoyingniu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:270-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve performance of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) models for quantitative analysis of soluble-solid-content-to-titratable-acidity ratio (SSC-to-TA) and titratable acidity (TA) in fresh strawberry, least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) with latent variables (LVs), extracted by partial least squares (PLS), as input were used to establish calibration models. And the performance were compared with PLS models. Three hundreds and eighteen fresh strawberry samples of three varieties including "Tianbao" (n=100), "Fengxiang" (n=100) and "Mingxing" (n=118) were analyzed. The spectral region used in this paper was 6000-12500 cm^-1. The detector, scan times and resolution were Pbs, 64 and 8 cm^-1 respectively. The internal gold background as the reference spectrum was scanned before samples spectra collection. The reference data of SSC values were measured by a digital refractometer with 0.02&deg;Brix accuracy using temperature correction from 10 to 60&deg;C. And the TA data were obtained by an acid-base titration method according to the National Standard of the pepole's republic of China. Before models construction Chauvenet rule was used to detect spectral outliers that should be removed from the sample set, and then concentration outliers were removed based on student residual and leverage values. Various mathematical signal treatments were used and compared when PLS models were constructed, including savitzky-golay smoothing (SG) (points of 5, 15 and 25), first and second derivative, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and the standard normal variate (SNV). But the PLS models with these pretreatments either for SSC-to-TA or for TA were deteriorated. The best PLS model was established using full bands raw spectra, with correlation coefficients of calibration, root mean square error of calibration and prediction (r<inf>c</inf>, RMSEC and RMSEP) of 0.430, 0.096%, and 0.096% for TA; of 0.688, 0.926, and 1.190 for SSC-to-TA, which showed a poor predictive accuracy. Ten LVs were extracted from raw spectra of full bands by PLS. The LS-SVM models with input of LVs from 1 to 10 were compared, and the LS-SVM model presenting the best performance was obtained when the first 10 LVs were inputted. The two step grid searching and leave-one-out cross validations were used to realize the global optimization of regularization parameter gamma (&gamma;) and kernel parameter sig² (&sigma;²) of radial basis function (RBF). The best LS-SVM model was far superior to the best PLS. The optimal models were obtained by LS-SVM with the first 10 LVs as input, with r<inf>c</inf>, correlation coefficients of prediction (r<inf>p</inf>), RMSEC, RESEP and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 0.965, 0.967, 0.028%, 0.027% and 3.881 for TA; 0.980, 0.973, 0.258, 0.373 and 3.111 for SSC-to-TA. The results indicate that with LVs as input nonlinear methods of LS-SVM offers more effective quantitative capability for SSC-to-TA and TA in strawberry. Further studies with a larger size and more varieties of strawberry samples should be done to improve the specificity, prediction accuracy, and robustness of models.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:C (programming language) - Calibration - Forecasting - Fruits - Global optimization - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy  - Radial basis function networks - Soil conditioners - Statistics - Tantalum - Titration
Uncontrolled terms:Latent variable - Least squares methods - Least-squares support vector machines - Leave-one-out cross validations - Multiplicative scatter correction - Root mean square error of calibrations - SSC-to-TA ratio - Strawberry
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 801 Chemistry - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 543.4 Tantalum and Alloys - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20133816763077
Title:Numerical simulation and experiment of temperature field distribution in box of cold plate refrigerated truck
Authors:Zhang, Zhe (1); Guo, Yonggang (1); Tian, Jinjin (1); Li, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Z.(xjtuzz@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:18-24
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Refrigerated transportation is an important for the cold chain of subsidiary agricultural products. As resource shortage becoming more serious and environmental disciplines more strict, an environmentally protecting and energy-saving cold plate refrigerated truck, which is also multi-functional in heat preservation and refrigeration, is urgently needed by refrigerated transportation. Cold plate refrigerated truck is rapidly expanding in recent years. Due to the outside thermal environment, the temperature of cargo area has a steady increase and uneven distribution, which has a negative influence on the quality of refrigerated cargoes. Therefore, ensuring a uniform temperature field distribution of cargo area is the critical issue to improve the quality of transported cargoes. The temperature distribution of cold plate refrigerated truck is one of the key factors affecting its storage and transportation quality. A uniform temperature field can keep goods fresh during transportation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is more and more widely used in refrigeration at present, and many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of CFD in simulation analysis for the heat transfer field. Buoyancy lift is the volume force caused by non-uniform faces in each part of the fluid's density. The heat exchange of cold plate can be deemed as the natural heat exchange in a vast space that owns an internal heat source. In this paper, the interior temperature field of an empty container was calculated by means of numerical modeling and the effect of two stacking ways on temperature field and flow field in cargo area was also analyzed. k-&Epsilon; model and simple algorithm combined with Boussinesq assumption was used to simulate the three-dimension temperature distribution in cold plat refrigerated truck. In order to know the effect of different stack methods on temperature field and flow field in cargo area, stack methods were divided into two ways including close stacking and intermediated stacking in this paper. To better display the simulated results, three sections were selected along truck's length direction and one section alone width direction as the research surface of computational simulation. This study revealed the general rules and influencing factors of temperature field in cold plate refrigerated truck, which can provide a reference for the optimization design and the selection of stack method in cold plate refrigerated truck. Simulation result showed that the temperature of container roof was always at a relatively high level. In this model, the temperature field and fluid field of the refrigerated truck were symmetrical both along the length and the width direction. The highest temperature difference in cargo area reached 18&deg;C, which was disadvantage to storage and transportation quality. It is hard to form a uniform air and temperature field only by the natural convection depended on temperature difference in cold plate refrigerated truck. It's recommended to install cold plates on top of container and to find proper ventilation methods that can strengthen heat convection between cold air and goods, improving the cooling speed of cold plate refrigerated truck. Method of contrast verification was used to verify the correctness of the model in this paper. And the deviation of experimental data and simulated result was not beyond the scope of permission, which showed that the model was appropriate to the simulation of the temperature distribution in cold plate refrigerated truck.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Trucks
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Containers - Digital storage - Flow fields - Heat exchangers - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Refrigeration  - Refrigerator trucks - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Boussinesq assumption - Computational simulation - Internal heat source - Stack methods - Storage and transportations - Temperature differences - Temperature field distribution - Uniform temperature field
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723.5 Computer Applications - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 694 Packaging - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 691 Bulk Handling and Unit Loads - 644.4 Cryogenics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20133816763120
Title:Effects of dense phase carbon dioxide on muscle quality of Haliotis discus hannai
Authors:L&#252;, Miaoxiong (1); Liu, Shucheng (1); Qu, Xiaojuan (1); Zhang, Chaohua (1); Ji, Hongwu (1); Gao, Jialong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, C.(chaohuaz@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:301-308
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) is a non-thermal processing technology, which affects microorganisms and enzymes through molecular effects of CO<inf>2</inf> under pressures below 50 MPa and 60&deg;C. DPCD has less significance effect on the quality of foods. DPCD has been applied to the process of meats, vegetables, seeds and food powders, fruits, spices and herbs, and fish. The studied objective is to investigate the effects of DPCD on bacteria inactivation and qualities of Haliotis discus hannai and to explore whether it can be applied to process Haliotis discus hannai. In this paper, the effects of pressure (5-25 MPa), exposure time (10-50 min) and temperature (30-50&deg;C) of DPCD treatment on bacteria inactivation and qualities of Haliotis discus hannai were studied. DPCD can reach the ideal sterilizing effect for Haliotis discus hannai under the conditions of pressure 20 MPa, temperature 45&deg;C, exposure time 40-50 min. Compared with Haliotis discus hannai cooked in boiling water for 2 min (logarithmic decline of 3.59), the sterilizing effect was the equivalent by DPCD of 20 MPa and 45&deg;C for 40-50 min (logarithmic decline of 3.46). The total number of colonies was less than 1000 cfu/mL. Compared with untreated Haliotis discus hannai, DPCD treatment had no significant effect on muscle pH value and appearance of Haliotis discus hannai (P&gt;0.05), the reason was that the solubility of CO<inf>2</inf> was lower in solid foods. However, DPCD treatment had the significant effects on color, proximate composition, weight loss, water holding capacity and texture (P&lt;0.05) and the effects were more obvious with DPCD treatment parameters increasing, which could be related to protein denaturation. Combined with the bactericidal effect, optimum conditions of Haliotis discus hannai treated by DPCD are: 20 MPa, 45&deg;C, (40-50) min. The results provided the reference for processing shellfish foods by DPCD.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide process - Color - Muscle - pH - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Bacteria inactivation - Dense phase carbon dioxide - Haliotis - Non-thermal processing - pH value - Protein denaturation - Proximate compositions - Water holding capacity
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 534.2 Foundry Practice - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 933 Solid State Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20133816763085
Title:Simulating nitrogen effects on fruit branch, fruit site, square and boll formation and abscission in cotton
Authors:Li, Yu (1); Meng, Yali (1); Song, Weichao (1); Zhou, Zhiguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Z.(giscott@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:73-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Nitrogen, the most important crop nutrient, has a regulatory role in crop growth. In order to support nutrient management in main morphogenetic processes of cotton, a simple model was presented to simulate the effects of nitrogen on fruit branch, fruit site, square and boll formation and abscission of cotton. A nitrogen test was carried out with six nitrogen application levels to study the quantitative relationship between nitrogen concentration in subtending leaf of lower fruit branches (NCSLL) and morphological index at flowering and boll-setting stage in cotton. Cumulative thermal and solar radiative effectiveness (TSE) integrating independent thermal and solar radiative effectiveness and their interaction was introduced as the driving variable. Results showed that the changes of NCSLL at flowering and boll-setting stage followed the equation: y=ax^b. The average NCSLL was approximately equal to the NCSLL of some day after anthesis and the ratio of the total number of days at flowering and boll-setting stage was stable. The dynamics of the number of fruit branches, fruit nodes, big bolls with TSE were generally best described by logistic curves, while the changes of the number of squares and young bolls followed quadratic curves. At the same time, the relationships between the model parameters of morphological indixes and the average NCSLL at flowering and boll-setting stage in cotton also followed quadratic curves. The model was validated using a data from an independent experiment with four N application rates and root mean squared error (RMSE) was used for assessing the model performance. Validation of the model resulted in RMSE values of 1.1, 2.7, 2.4, 1.6, 1.4 and 3.5% per plant, respectively for the number of fruit branches, fruit nodes, squares, young bolls, big bolls, and the abscission rate. This indicated that the simulated and observed values were inosculated well. Under different planting density conditions, the simulated and observed values were also agreed well. The study can provide references for fertilization management of cotton field.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Cotton - Crops - Models - Nitrogen - Nutrients
Uncontrolled terms:Application rates - Model performance - Morphogenetic process - Nitrogen concentrations - Nutrient management - Root mean squared errors - Simulation - Square and boll
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20133816763115
Title:Detection of eggshell quality based on NIR spectra
Authors:Xiong, Huan (1); Xu, Huirong (1); Zhou, Wanhuai (1); Yao, Yang (1); Chen, Huarui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
Corresponding author:Xu, H.(hrxu@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:264-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The quality of eggshell is an important factor on egg hatching, storage and transport. In this research, it was tried to detect the quality of eggshells with near infrared spectroscopy on the basis of eggshell quality indicator correlation analysis. Different spectral preprocessing methods and modeling algorithms were tested in different band ranges. The results showed that the best result was gotten with the partial least square regression (PLSR) modeling method at 5 characteristic wavelengths with the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) preprocessing method. The quality indexes of the best modeling result were: 0.86 (correlation coefficient, r), 4.42 N (root mean standard error of calibration, RMSEC) and 7.53 N (root mean standard error of prediction, RMSEP) for the relation between the eggshell strength and their spectra; 0.92, 0.313% and 0.529% for the relation between the eggshell percentage and their spectra; 0.81, 0.0176 and 0.0234 mm for the relation between the eggshell thickness and their spectra. The correlation between conventional eggshell quality indicators was studied. The result showed that the correlation is big between eggshell strength with eggshell percentage, egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness, the correlation coefficient were 0.55, 0.49 and 0.43, respectively. They are three parameters that closely related to the eggshell strength. And the eggshell strength can be characterized by them to a certain extent. The near-infrared spectra of different eggshell strength were compared. The result showed that the average spectral reflectance of the high-intensity group was biggest, the medium-intensity group is in the second place, and the low-intensity group is smallest. The result showed that near-infrared spectral characteristic was affected by the eggshell surface structure. In order to research the influence of eggshell internal structure on near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of eggs samples with different eggshell strength, the eggshell ultra-microstructure of samples was compared between groups of high and low eggshell strength. The result showed that with the increase of the eggshell strength, the eggshell cross-sectional consistency and smoothness became better, the mastoid layer and fiber layer related more closely and the effective thickness of the mastoid became smaller, the outer surface of eggshell became smoother and denser, and cracks reduced; the eggshell fiber layer structure became closer, the primary and secondary branch was clearer, fiber gap became smaller. All the results show that detecting eggshell quality using NIR spectra is feasible, and provides a new method for rapid non-destructive testing of eggshell quality.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Infrared devices
Controlled terms:Microstructure - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Optimization - Reflection
Uncontrolled terms:Diffuse reflectance spectrum - Diffuse reflection - Multiplicative scatter correction - Partial least square regression - Rapid non-destructive testing - Standard error of calibrations - Standard error of prediction - Ultra-microstructure
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 933 Solid State Physics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20133816763099
Title:Available transfer capability determination considering bilateral power exchange
Authors:Wen, Tian (1); Du, Songhuai (1); Su, Juan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Su, J.(sujuan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:161-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Renewable energy interconnection and electricity market operation is the development trend of electric power industry. One of the technological problems of power dispatch and exchange center is how to calculate the available transmission capability (ATC) accurately and timely in the power market. An ATC calculation model and its solution method, considering wind generator in bilateral power market, was proposed in this paper. The power flow model with wind generators, generator capacity, node voltage, and thermal stability limits were introduced to the constraints of the proposed ATC model. According to the characters of bilateral power market, the computational steps of ATC were also described. The Simulation results of 19-buses power network showed that the new bilateral trade in power market had significant influence on ATC, the electric power system dispatcher must update ATC on time, and adjust market transaction according to the new ATC.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Commerce
Controlled terms:Electric industry - Electric power systems - Electric power transmission - Models - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Available transfer capability - Bilateral exchange mode - Electric power industries - Electricity market operations - Market transactions - Renewable energies - Transmission capability - Wind generator systems
Classification code:615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911.2 Industrial Economics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20133816763096
Title:Medium-voltage distribution network planning based on improved ant colony optimization integrated with spanning tree
Authors:Liang, Ying (1); Guan, Honghao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liang, Y.(liangy@epri.sgcc.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:143-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:At present there are a lot of literatures referring to transmission network planning, but less about medium-voltage distribution network planning, especially for the network with cross-points of line corridors. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a heuristic algorithm with positive feedback, distributed computation and greedy characteristic. It is very suitable to search optimal path in a graph but prone to fall into local optimum. This paper integrates ACO with spanning tree algorithm to solve medium-voltage distribution network planning with cross-points. The model of medium-voltage distribution network planning is established, which takes the minimum investment cost of expansion lines and minimum energy loss as objective functions, power flow balance as equality constraints, and maximum line current, upper and lower limit of node voltage as inequality constraints. Meanwhile, the network topology graph is radial and connected. The dynamic pheromone threshold of candidate paths and dynamic adjustment of path selection strategy are introduced in order to reduce the possibility of falling into local optimum in general ACO. According to the maximum iteration number, the current iteration number and the maximum pheromone value of all paths in the current iteration, the dynamic pheromone threshold of the candidate paths is given, which can ensure that the difference between the pheromones of the paths is as small as possible to increase the diversity of solutions at the early search stage, and the difference between the pheromones of the paths is as large as possible to speed up the algorithm convergence at the later search stage. The probability to be selected of one candidate path is decided by its length, investment and pheromone quantity. The shorter length, the smaller investment and the more pheromone can make the greater opportunity to be chosen. The dynamic adjustment of path selection strategy can help the search process tend to minimal objective function. Considering the radiation and connectivity constraints in medium-voltage distribution network, spanning tree algorithm with cross-points is proposed. Taking the power source and load points as the vertices of the graph, the spanning tree is produced by using depth-first search algorithm. Then the journey of each ant as a spanning tree is limited to a radial and connected grid, so infeasible solutions reduce greatly. After forming the path of one ant, do delete cross-point on path and its associated branches tentatively. If the deleted graph is disconnected, then retain the cross-point point and its associated branches, otherwise, remove the cross-point. To examine this method's practical applicability, a practical 10 kV distribution line is used as an example for an empirical research. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective for medium-voltage distribution network planning with cross-points. The dynamic pheromone threshold setting of candidate paths and dynamic adjustment of path selection strategy can improve the global search capability of ACO. The spanning tree algorithm can guarantee the radiation and connectivity of grid with cross-points, then the number of feasible solution increases greatly.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Graph theory
Controlled terms:Ant colony optimization - Artificial intelligence - Constraint theory - Electric network topology - Electric power distribution - Energy dissipation - Heuristic algorithms - Hormones - Investments - Iterative methods  - Network architecture - Parallel architectures - Planning - Voltage distribution measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) - Cross-point - Depth-first search algorithm - Improved ant colony optimization - Medium-voltage distribution networks - Radial networks - Spanning tree - Transmission network planning
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 703.1 Electric Networks - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20133816763107
Title:Formulated fertilization for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses from paddy fields and increasing rice yield
Authors:Liao, Yishan (1); Zhuo, Muning (1); Li, Dingqiang (1); Guo, Tailong (1); Li, Junjie (1); Xie, Zhenyue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Control of Agricultural Environment, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
Corresponding author:Zhuo, M.(mnzhuo@soil.gd.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:210-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from paddy fields and to effectively dispose livestock manure, laboratory and field experiments were conducted in the upper Dongjiang river basin, Guangdong Province, China. The field experiments involved five fertilization rations including no fertilizer, conventional urea fertilizer, and three recipe fertilizers. The fertilizers used in these experiments are Ammonium Bicarbonate, Phosphate fertilizer and Organic manure. In respect of Ammonium Bicarbonate, the application rates for these five treatments were 0, 750.0, 510.0, 472.5 and 510.0 kg/hm²; Phosphate fertilizer were 0, 375.0, 255.0, 255.0 and 236.25 kg/hm²; Urea were 0, 225.0, 172.5.0, 156.0 and 172.5 kg/hm², and 0, 0, 1162.5, 1162.5 and1162.5 kg/hm² of organic manure were applied for organic manure. Using simulated soil columns indoors, the losses of runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus were obtained for the paddy fields under the condition of no fertilizer. Combined with the laboratory experiment and investigated data from soil samples, water samples, plants, and fertilizer applications in the field, according to the element conservation theory, nitrogen and phosphorus loss models were constructed considering the eluviations, losses and volatilizations of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as their wet and dry sedimentations from the atmosphere. The nitrogen fixation amount in the paddy field was calculated as around 31.54 kg/hm² during the growth period. The losses of nitrogen and phosphorus were estimated for each of the five treatments, and valuable results were obtained. Compared to the traditional fertilizer application, the three fertilizer rations can decreases in 7.7%-30.0%, 61.2%-70.8% for nitrogen and phosphorus losses, and increases in 24.6%-84.4%, 12.8%-78.9% for their utilization efficiencies. The three fertilizer applications can increase in around 2716 yuan/hm², -2169 yuan/hm², and -1646 yuan/hm², respectively. Among the three fertilizer rations, the first ration one can achieve the high benefit both economically and environmentally, and thus can be considered as a substitute as the conventional urea fertilizer. The study analyzed the input and output of nitrogen, phosphorus in the rice paddy system. Considering the inputs and outputs of nitrogen and phosphorous in the paddy field system, different fertilization rations were evaluated and each fertilization ration were obtained in view of their agronomic efficiency and their ecological and environmental effects. This study would provide rational references using fertilizers in paddy field and control their nitrogen and phosphorus losses in South China.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Agricultural runoff
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonium bicarbonate - Experiments - Manures - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fixation - Phosphate fertilizers - Phosphorus - Urea - Urea fertilizers
Uncontrolled terms:Fertilization controlling - Fertilization modes - Fertilizer applications - Laboratory and field experiments - Laboratory experiments - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Nitrogen and phosphorus loss - Paddy fields
Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20133816763095
Title:Control of grid-connected power for energy storage inverters based on digital phase-locked loop
Authors:Sun, Qinfei (1); Yang, Rengang (1); Zhou, Xianfei (1); Wang, Wencheng (1); He, Enchao (2); Hou, Yuanwen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Tianjin SanYuan Electric Power Equipment Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300409, China; (3) Jiyuan Electric Power Co., Jiyuan 454650, China
Corresponding author:Yang, R.(yrg@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:138-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Micro-grid has been becoming a focus all over the world because of its advantages. Usually, energy storage unit plays an important role and battery storage inverter is an integral part as a result. While a micro-grid running in grid-connected mode, it's necessary to control the power at the point where the inverter joined to the grid. So far, there are two main kinds of strategies for the grid-connected power control: (1) closed-loop control for active and reactive power respectively; (2) closed-loop control for the active and reactive component of the grid-connected current. These methods require calculation of the active and reactive power or active and reactive component before closed-loop control. And the calculation usually is very complex, which lead to slow response. In grid-connected mode, the voltage of the storage inverter will be clamped by the grid. It means the power will be determined by the grid-connected current. As a result, the power can be controlled by indirect control of the grid-connected current. With the background mentioned above, a new strategy of power control for single phase battery storage inverter, based on advanced phase-locked loop, was proposed in this paper. The phase angle and RMS value of the current was used to control the active and reactive power instead of common methods, which use direct power feedback control strategy in this method. Comparatively, this strategy could accelerate the response without complex calculation. The detailed theoretical analysis for the strategy was presented in the paper. Firstly, an introduction for an advanced phase-locked loop method was given this paper. This method could lock the voltage on the grid, which will be the premise for the power control. Then, the detailed step getting the reference phase angle and RMS value of the current was introduced. With this strategy presented, it can control the active and reactive power at the interface of the inverter accurately. As a result, the requirement for power's bi-directional interaction between energy storage unit and micro-grid can be realized. And it also supports the energy optimization and dispatch for the micro-grid system. A simulation model was established with MATLAB/Simulink module according to the method mentioned in this paper. The results of the simulation corresponding to four quadrant typical reference active power P<inf>ref</inf> and reactive power Q<inf>ref</inf> was given. And the results have proved that this method could track the reference power quickly and exactly. Both the theoretical analysis and the results of the simulation have shown the correctness of the method.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Phase locked loops
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Electric power distribution - Electricity - Energy storage - Power control - Reactive power
Uncontrolled terms:Active and Reactive Power - Bi-directional interaction - Digital phase locked loops - Energy optimization - Energy storage unit - Grid-connected - Grid-connected modes - Inverter
Classification code:731.3 Specific Variables Control - 723.5 Computer Applications - 713.5 Electronic Circuits Other Than Amplifiers, Oscillators, Modulators, Limiters, Discriminators or Mixers - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20133816763117
Title:Effects of high hydrostatic pressure sterilization on texture of yellow peach in pouch with different shapes
Authors:Yao, Jia (1); Kong, Min (1); Hu, Xiaosong (1); Zhang, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.(zhangyan-348@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:275-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Yellow peach in pouches (YPP) is one of the most popular canned fruits in the world, and the texture properties of canned fruit products are important to influence consumers' acceptability However, the textural deterioration often occurred during conventional heat processing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for a novel processing technique which has a less detrimental effect on the texture of canned fruit products. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology is one of the alternatives to conventional thermal pasteurization for food, it has the paramount promising applications to satisfy consumer demand for high quality and safe canned fruit products with its advantages to inactivate microorganisms but have minimal sensory changes to the product. In recent years, some authors have studied that HHP was effective in maintaining the texture of fresh-cut fruits, but limited studies evaluated the effect of HHP on the texture of canned fruit during storage. In this study, under the premise of guaranteeing yellow peach in pouch sterile, the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the texture of yellow peach in pouch with different shapes were evaluated. The inactivation condition is determined by measuring the total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds firstly. The texture of yellow peach in pouch (YPP) with different shapes sterilized by high hydrostatic pressure was investigated by determining hardness, syrup viscosity and microscopic structure of YPP, and the results were compared with those from heat (90&deg;C, 20 min) sterilized YPP. The results of inactivation showed that all the microorganisms were completely inactivated by HHP at 600 MPa and 5 min. However, in order to eliminate the time difference compared with heat treatment, and based on the previous studies, 600 MPa and 20 minutes was chosen as the condition of textural research. The results of textural changes indicated that the hardness of different shapes of YPP treated by HHP is 2.8 times ("striped"), 3.1 times ("diced"), 2.9 times ("blocky") harder than heat-treated ones respectively. The hardness degradation kinetics of YYP indicated that the drop rate of the hardness of YYP treated by HHP is lager and the half-time is shorter than heat-treated ones both during low temperature storage and room temperature storage. Nevertheless, due to the higher initial hardness of YYP treated by HHP, in comparison to the thermal treatment, the residual texture (hardness) was always higher during consumption. Meanwhile, the texture-related indicators of HHP-treated YYP were superior to that of heat-treated YYP. The lowest syrup viscosity and the best cell structure of YPP with "blocky" flesh processed by HHP were obtained. Furthermore, these textural qualities of YPP stored at (4&plusmn;1)&deg;C were better than those stored at (25&plusmn;1)&deg;C. Among the three different shapes of flesh, whether YPP were stored at (4&plusmn;1)&deg;C or at (25&plusmn;1)&deg;C, the highest flesh hardness and the lowest syrup viscosity of YYP with blocky flesh were obtained, and the best cell structure was retained during storage, so "blocky" is the best shape in processing YPP. Based on the study of textural changes of YYP with different shapes of flesh during storage, it can be concluded that, compare with thermal processing, HHP can better preserve the texture of YYP, and "blocky" flesh is among the best shape of YYP in maintaining the texture. These results can provide reference for industrial production of HHP processed YPP, and HHP is paramount promising in displacing the thermal sterilization in canned food industry.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Canning - Degradation - Energy storage - Hardness - Heat treatment - Hydrostatic pressure - Microorganisms - Sterilization (cleaning) - Textures - Thermal processing (foods)  - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:High hydrostatic pressure - Industrial production - Low-temperature storage - Microscopic structures - Thermal sterilization - Total aerobic bacteria - Yellow peach - Yellow peach in pouch (YPP)
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 933 Solid State Physics - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 461.9 Biology - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20133816763101
Title:Design on remote monitoring and control system for greenhouse group based on ZigBee and internet
Authors:Zhang, Meng (1); Fang, Junlong (2); Han, Yu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Electric and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Fang, J.(jlfang@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:171-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Wireless technologies have developed rapidly in recent years. Types of wireless technologies range from IrDA that uses infrared light for short-range, point-to-point communications, to wireless personal area network for short range, point-to multi-point communications, such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, to mid-range, multi-hop wireless local area network, to long-distance cellular phone systems, such as GSM/GPRS and CDMA. In this paper, focusing on the domestic research of intelligent control system for greenhouse group and the greenhouse construction of Heilongjiang province, a new type remote monitoring and control system for greenhouse group based on ZigBee and Internet was developed. The group control system was composed of some separate monitoring systems. The data of the separate monitoring servers were sent to master server and connected to remote administration system with master server. The sensor network of the separate monitoring system was based on ZigBee nodes. The monitor nodes were composed by two parts: The communication module and sensor module. The MCU of the communication module was adopted CC2530 of Texas Instruments. The flash memory, which is important to application used was much bigger than the last generation. This character had an advantage in ZigBee Pro/2007 protocol stack, which was complex and multi-function used. The CC2520, RF module, was also built-in. This enhanced the capacity of the RF function of the CC2530. The maximum RF output power is 4.5 dBm. The power cost of the chip was very low, this character was quite benefit for the application used in field monitoring. The sensor part was composed by air temperature humidity sensor SHT11 which was made from Sensirion company and silicon solar cell BPW34S which was made from Siemens company. The SHT11 sensor was low-power cost, 12-bit temperature output and 14-bit humidity output, 2-wire serial port. The MCU read the temperature and humidity data through the 2-wire serial port. The silicon solar cell output voltage from 10 mv to 1.1 V. The operational amplifier TLV2372 amplified the voltage for 3 times, then output for the analog-digital converter of the MCU. In order to save more power of battery, the sensors would sleep until be next waked by the MCU after the MCU complete read the data. The sensor data collected by the ZigBee coordinator were sent to a router by a protocol converter of RS232-RJ45. The PDA and wireless IP camera were also used in the system. The data of them were also sent to the router. The router sent all the data to monitor server. The software design was based on the theory of large system. It had the functions such as: real-time video monitoring, real-time data curve display, historical reports, alarm, remote distribution, database management and decision module based on historical data. The whole system was tested in sunlight greenhouses of Northeast Agricultural University. The packet loss rate of two nodes was also tested in different distance of 0.12, 0.5, 10, 20, 35, 52, 70 and 80 m. The result showed that in the close-up range(less than 20 m), the packet loss rate was very low, less than 0.5%. In middle distance (20-50 m), due to the irregularity of low-power communication links, the packet loss rate increased firstly and then decreased. In long distance (more than 50 m), the wireless signal intensity decreased, the packet loss rate increased sharply. According to the whole test in the greenhouse, the monitor system worked stably. The design meets the requirement of the application in engineering.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Communication - Control theory - Environmental testing - Flash memory - Greenhouses - Industry - Internet - Remote control - Sensor networks - Sensor nodes  - Silicon solar cells - Wire - Wireless local area networks (WLAN) - Wireless telecommunication systems - Zigbee
Uncontrolled terms:CC 2530 system - Group - Packet loss rates - Point-to-point communication - Real-time video monitoring - Remote monitoring and control systems - Temperature and humidities - Wireless personal area networks
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 731.1 Control Systems - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 702.3 Solar Cells - 535.2 Metal Forming - 454 Environmental Engineering - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20133816763109
Title:Variation law of physical and chemical characteristics of biomass pellet fuels during storage
Authors:Zhang, Zhongbo (1); Tian, Yishui (1); Hou, Shulin (2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; (2) College Of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Y.(yishuit@yahoo.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:223-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the social and economic development, demand of energy is increasing. Biomass pellet fuels have a wide range of renewable raw materials. Biomass pellet fuels with small storage space, easily transport and use of clean and green, high thermal efficiency, and sustainable use, have broad prospects for the development in the future. Long-term storage of biomass fuels is necessary because that there is a time gap between feedstock harvesting and production for at least 6 months of storage in the factory. In order to study whether they can be adapted to store under northern climate, the physical and chemical characteristics of the different storage methods (bagging, semi-closed, open-air), we carried out an experiment to study the laws of the three storage modes with corn pellets and wood pellets on March to August in 2011. The results showed that the all biomass pellet fuels did not appear mildew, while the changing laws of total water and bulk density were accordance with the climate changes. The range of the corn pellet fuels and wood pellet fuels in the open-air storage mode were the largest with (2.42% and 2.55% respectively) of all the storage form, as the particle density does (0.12 and 1.297 t/m³ respectively). The ash and volatile matter of the three storage form kept stable. However, we found some strange phenomenon as follows: 1) generally, all the net calorific values become bigger as time (the total water values); 2) The range of the total water was the biggest (2.42%) when the corn pellets was stored in the open-air mode, while the range of the particle density was the smallest. So the phenomenon needs further study. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the safe storage of biomass pellet fules.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Fuel storage
Controlled terms:Biomass - Climate change - Energy storage - Pelletizing - Wood fuels
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass pellet fuels - Fules - Mechanical characteristics - Net calorific value - Physical and chemical characteristics - Physicochemical characteristics - Renewable raw materials - Social and economic development
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 451 Air Pollution
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20133816763108
Title:Rapid detection of moisture content in solid-state fermentation by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with dbiPLS-SPA
Authors:Liu, Guohai (1); Jiang, Hui (1); Mei, Congli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Liu, G.(ghliu@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:218-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as an ideal tool was applied to measure moisture content in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of protein feed. To improve the detection precision and stability in determination of the moisture content in SSF by use of the NIR technique. Firstly, the raw spectra of all fermented samples obtained were preprocessed by use of the first derivative (1st Der). Secondly, the several efficient spectral subintervals were selected by use of dynamic backward interval partial least squares (dbiPLS). Thereafter, the feature combination variables were further extracted by successive projections algorithm (SPA) from the several spectral subintervals selected. Lastly, the partial least squares (PLS) model was developed by use of the feature combination variables selected for the measurement of moisture content of SSF of protein feed. In model calibration, the PLS factors were determined by a cross-validation, and The performance of the final model was evaluated according to the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient (R<inf>p</inf>) in the validation set. The experimental results showed that the optimal model was obtained with 8 combined variables included, and these efficient variables corresponded to 7312.75 cm^-1, 5850.97 cm^-1, 5893.40 cm^-1, 8527.68 cm^-1, 5634.98 cm^-1, 9538.20 cm^-1, 9634.62 cm^-1 and 9515.06 cm^-1, respectively. The result of the RMSEP and R<inf>p</inf> were 1.1795% (w/w) and 0.9430 in the validation set, respectively. Finally, the superior performance of the dbiPLS-SPA model was demonstrated by comparison with four other PLS models. The results indicate that NIR spectroscopy can be successfully used for measurement of moisture content in solid-state fermentation. Additionally, it is necessary to select characteristic wavelength variables of near-infrared spectra in model calibration. The dbiPLS-SPA is an effective method of combined variable selection. It can effectively reduce the complexity and improve generalization performance of the detection model when NIRS technique is used for on-line detection of the process parameters of SSF.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Moisture determination
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Calibration - Fermentation - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Principal component analysis - Proteins
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Generalization performance - Interval partial least squares - Partial least squares models - Root-mean-square error of predictions - Solid-state fermentation - Successive projections algorithm - Successive projections algorithms (SPA)
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20133816763119
Title:Optimization of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> extraction of astaxanthin from pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) using response surface methodology
Authors:Yang, Xia (1); Zhang, Zhisheng (1); Zheng, Qianwei (1); Zu, Tiehong (1); Shu, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Z.(zzs324@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:294-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the extraction yield and content of astaxanthin, supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> fluid extraction was used to extract astaxanthin from the head of Pacific White Shrimp, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was adopted to determine the content of astaxanthin after saponification, the influence of extraction parameters on the extraction yield and astaxanthin content was determined by single factor test, then response surface method was employed to optimize technical parameters. The results showed that the influence of extraction parameters on the extraction yield of astaxanthin was not significant (p&gt;0.05), but significant on the astaxanthin content (p&lt;0.05). When the particle size of material was 40 mesh, moisture content was 9%, the theory optimum conditions for extraction astaxanthin with supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> extraction were confirmed as follow: pressure 403.95 Pa, extraction temperature 39.95&deg;C, CO<inf>2</inf> flow rate 1.16 L/min, under the conditions, the astaxanthin content was 796.3 &mu;g/g. In application, the astaxanthin content in validation test was 789.61 &mu;g/g when the extraction pressure was 400 Pa, the extraction temperature was 40&deg;C and the CO<inf>2</inf> flow rate was 1.2 L/min. The results can provide a reference for extraction and purification of astaxanthin.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Chromatography - Flow rate - High performance liquid chromatography - Optimization - Shellfish - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Astaxanthin - Extraction and purifications - Extraction temperatures - Response surface designs - Response surface method - Response surface methodology - Shrimp heads - Supercritical CO
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 631 Fluid Flow - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20133816763084
Title:Analysis of shelterbelt effect on crop growth condition
Authors:Deng, Rongxin (1); Wang, Wenjuan (2); Li, Ying (3); Zhang, Shuwen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Resources and Environment, North China Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; (2) Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (3) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
Corresponding author:Deng, R.(dengrongxin@neigae.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:65-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Shelterbelt system plays an important role in improving environment, protecting farmland and enhancing crop yield. The previous researches about effect of shelterbelt on crop were mainly focused on crop yields by field measure. These methods restricted to study the protection effect of shelterbelt on regional scale and long time series. In this paper, by comparing with the previous researches, we tried to take the crop condition instead of crop yields as index, and chose Dehui, Nong'an, Yushu and Fuyu located in the mid-west of Jilin province of China as study area. Using the 16 days MODIS NDVI data with 250 m&times;250 m spatial resolution in the study area as data source, the NDVI curves of crop growth were extracted to indicate the crop condition. Then through comparing the crop condition in shelterbelt protected zone with unprotected zone, we analyzed the effect of shelterbelt on crop condition at different growth phase. And with the consideration of mean annual air temperature, precipitation and soil type, we divided the study area into nine sub-zones and analyzed the impact of air temperature, precipitation and soil type on the protection effect of shelterbelt. The results showed that, 1) The crop condition in the shelterbelt protected zone was better than unprotected zone as a whole, and it was the most obvious during the peak period of crop growth, where the accumulated value of NDVI in protected zone was increased by 0.05 than unprotected zone; 2) As the air temperature increase, the impact on protection effect tends to increase significantly, and as the air temperature increased by 0.5&deg;C, the difference of accumulated value of NDVI between protected and unprotected zone was increased by 0.02; 3) With increase of precipitation, the impact on protection effect also tends to increase significantly at the beginning of crop growth, and with the precipitation increase of 100 mm, the difference of accumulated value of NDVI between protected and unprotected zones increased by 0.03 in this phase; 4) For different soil types, there was no significant impact on protection effect. In a word, the research can not only provide decision-making support for the shelterbelt management, promote the information technology level of management, but also enrich the monitoring method in shelterbelt field for remote sensing and improve the monitoring level of shelterbelt at regional scale.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Information technology - Monitoring - Remote sensing - Research - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Crop growth condition - Decision making support - Long time series - Mean annual air temperatures - Monitoring methods - Protection effect - Shelterbelt - Spatial resolution
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 903 Information Science - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 731.1 Control Systems - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20133816763102
Title:Environment control method in greenhouse based on global variable prediction model
Authors:Cheng, Man (1); Yuan, Hongbo (1); Cai, Zhenjiang (1); Wang, Nan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, M.(chengman1982@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:177-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Greenhouse control system needs to control the actuators to make corresponding regulations according to the change of the greenhouse climate. When the temperature is too low, the heating system will be used to heat the greenhouse; when it is too high, the ventilation facility, the sun-shading system, or the spray equipment will be employed to cool the greenhouse and avoid overheat. In most conventional greenhouse control systems, the actuators were individually controlled based on the measured value and the setting value. This kind of control systems were working in passive mode and only made regulations when the greenhouse's climate changed. It could not predict the future status of the greenhouse and then make regulations in advance. Besides, the actuators were established and set individually and could not work together harmoniously, which resulted in over-regulations and vibrations. Therefore, the control system needs to be developed with more intelligence for the whole system management. In this study, interior and exterior environmental information of the greenhouse, crop growing period and local climate data were integrated by using the global prediction model for the development of an innovative greenhouse control system. Compared to conventional greenhouse control systems, the interior and exterior temperature, the humidity, the ray radiation, the status of each actuator and near-future local climate were considered as global variable. The BP neutral networking was employed for model prediction. The global variable obtained from the corresponding sensors were input to the model to obtain the predicted values and the control system made the regulations with the use of PID before the climate changed. In order to validate the model, the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for area of 96 m², Because of the coupling effects of the various parameters, the greenhouse was divided into 5 areas: heating system, crop growing region, greenhouse side windows, ceiling and outside the greenhouse. Sensors were installed in each region, the data is collected, a total of 21 temperature sensors, 16 humidity sensors and two light sensors to be used. Prediction model of the BP neutral network consisted of three layers: the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer. Input parameters is the data collected by sensors, the state of six actuators and a weather forecast value, 4 prediction values are output: temperature, humidity, ray radiation, concentration of CO<inf>2</inf>. Tomato at growth stage of florescence was planted in the experiment greenhouse. The optimum temperature range for tomato at florescence period is 20-25&deg;C, the night temperature is 15-20&deg;C, the optimum humidity range is 65%-85%. The experimental results showed that this model can be controlled greenhouse environment in the state of optimal crop growth environment. In order to further validate of the model, the PID control simulation results were used to compare the actual situation. Results showed that temperature and humidity changes in greenhouse with the prediction model were gentler than that with only the PID controller. That meant this method increased the stability of greenhouse environment control system. This study demonstrated that the model could avoid the lagging response, passive control and inharmonious regulation in conventional control systems and it was effective and rational.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Actuators - Carbon dioxide - Climate change - Climate models - Environmental testing - Experiments - Fruits - Heating equipment - Neural networks - Sensors  - Three term control systems - Weather forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:Conventional control systems - Environmental information - Global variables - Greenhouse environment - Optimum temperature - Prediction model - Temperature and humidities - Ventilation facilities
Classification code:821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 801 Chemistry - 731.1 Control Systems - 901.3 Engineering Research - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 632 Hydraulics, Pneumatics and Related Equipment, and Fluidics - 454 Environmental Engineering - 451 Air Pollution - 443 Meteorology - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20133816763088
Title:Object recognition method by combining color and depth information
Authors:Wu, Xin (1); Wang, Guiying (1); Cong, Yang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Corresponding author:Wu, X.(wx111300@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:96-100
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The traditional machine vision with RGB image doesn't meet the requirements of the 3D visual inspection. The Range Image can reflect the 3D characteristics of the object surface directly, and is attracting much more attentions gradually. How to use the RGB and depth information for object recognition is the core issue, which would be studied in this paper. Firstly, based on the kinect color and depth information, the object recognition system was put forward in this paper. The kinect sensor was used to acquire the color and depth information of the target object and its background in recognition system. The information can be used to segment the object from the background. Then HOG feature descriptor was used to extract the target sample's characteristics and establish the characteristic model. In the actual process of object recognition, the most similar templates category with k-NN algorithm was selected to achieve the goal of classification and recognition. In this paper's scheme, depth and RGB image was comprehensively used. The target objects was segmented by Canny edge detection operator, and the depth image's advantage that can reflect the object's contour directly was made full use of. In terms of feature extraction, histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) had a good geometrical and optical invariance. The HOG descriptor was used to describe the objects' features. The HOG descriptor was done some deformation to under the premise of keeping its core algorithm unchanged. And then the HOG was used to extract the image features from target object of any size. In the descriptor, the image was divided into 2 &times; 2 sub-images. Count of the original image itself, there were 5 sub-images together. Each sub-image was one block, and it can be divided into 2 &times; 2 cells. Two different quantization levels were used in each cell. The gradient distribution space of unsigned value (0&deg; to 180&deg;) was divided into 9 parts, and the gradient distribution space of symbol value (0&deg; to 360&deg;) was divided into 18 parts. So 4 &times; (18 9) = 108-dimensional feature vector was generated in each cell, and each RGB-D image (a RGB image and a corresponding depth image) can be represented by the 1080-dimensional feature vector. Then, k-NN algorithm was used for classification and recognition of objects, which is calculated by Euclidean distance computation using the actual 1080-dimensional feature vector and the template of each sample, and k training samples with minimum distance will be obtained. If the k samples entirely or mostly belong to the same kind of template objects, it can be said that the target object belongs to the classification. Finally, an accuracy check experiment was done under different feature information: RGB only (visual features), depth only (shape features) and RGB-D (all features). The result showed that RGB-D features had the advantages of RGB and depth, and present the highest recognition accuracy in both of category and instance recognition. The proposed object recognition system had a good solution to the problem of large-scale, multi-classifier identification of objects, and achieved the intended purpose of the experiment.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Object recognition
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Computer vision - Edge detection - Face recognition - Feature extraction - Image processing - Image segmentation - Optical data processing - Three dimensional
Uncontrolled terms:Classification and recognition - Euclidean distance computations - Gradient distributions - Histograms of oriented gradients (HoG) - K-nearest neighbor algorithm - Object recognition systems - Range images - RGB images
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20133816763103
Title:Intelligent control system for strawberry space planting in solar greenhouse
Authors:Chen, Yifei (1); Lu, He (2); Liu, Baicheng (1); Qi, Kai (1); Du, Shangfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Chang Ping District Science and Technology Commission, Beijing 102200, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Y.(glhfei@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:184-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Space planting for strawberry in solar greenhouse is one reform way with a few years development in Northern China. Comparing with the traditional planting on the ground, the space planting has distinct advantage, such as the temperature environment surrounding strawberry is changed and strawberry can get more sunlight based on planting field changing from ground to space in height of indoor solar greenhouse. On the other hand, with this new planting, strawberry production management including visiting and picking can be better resolved. According to control requirements of the new planting way, this paper presents the integration intelligent control system for strawberry space planting in solar greenhouse. The hardcore is that a new system structure of intelligent control is discussed special on harmonizing control model based on IA (Intelligent Agriculture) concept as well as complex large system intelligent control theory. The new control way, reforming traditional greenhouse environment control, is presented that the greenhouse control is divided two sub-systems corresponding to environment control and plant grow control, and with strawberry growing model output constrict condition as well as driving from harmonizing control unit, two sub-systems can parallel work. Q-learning algorithm basing on multi-Agent has been utilized to operate harmonizing control, and testing results have been presented by tracking daylighting and thermostatical control for strawberry rhizosphere. The presented control system had been applied in strawberry space planting in solar greenhouse during the 7th World Strawberry Beijing 2012. The result had been proved that control effect is satisfied, strawberry average bear fruit period was advanced 40 d, and strawberry body average size was expended 22%, average production was increased 20% compared to tradition planting and control.
Number of references:11
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Control systems - Greenhouses - Industrial management - Intelligent control - Learning algorithms - Soils - Solar heating
Uncontrolled terms:Control requirements - Environment control - Fragaria ananassa - Greenhouse environment - Q-learning algorithms - Space planting - Strawberry production - Temperature environments
Classification code:912.2 Management - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 643.1 Space Heating - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20133816763076
Title:Development and experiment of measure and control system for stalk cutting test bench
Authors:Zhang, Shifu (1); Song, Zhanhua (1); Yan, Yinfa (1); Li, Yudao (1); Li, Fade (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (2) Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Taian 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, F.(li_fade@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:10-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for developing the high efficient stalk harvest equipment, effects of the factors, such as the cutting speed, the feeding speed, and the cutting angle etc on the cutting properties of the stalk during cutting process was studied, and the parameters of the stalk cutter would be optimized. A measure-control system for the stalk cutting test bench was designed based on LabVIEW. The system consists of three sections, namely a motor control system, a data acquisition system and a host computer system. The motor control system consisted of an inverter, a cutting motor, a feeding motor and a RS-232/485 interface converter. It was used to control precisely the cutting speed and the feeding speed respectively with the inverter by inputting the frequency, which was calculated according to the desired rotation speed of the motor and the PID (proportion integration differentiation) control strategy. The data acquisition system consisted of a PCI1710HG acquisition card, a tension-compression force sensor, a torque sensor, an encoder and a signal conditioning circuit. Before the data acquisition system working, the number of the PCI1710HG card, the communicating channel and the acquisition frequency of the data should be selected at first. The data outputted by the torque sensor and the force sensor were recorded high-speed accurately in the circulation way. Meanwhile, the real-time motor rotation speed was measured by the encoder, and the PID control of the motor could be carried out on the basis of the real-time rotation speed. The host computer system consisted of an industrial personal computer and the measure-control software, which was developed with LabVIEW and characteristic of the friendly human-computer interface. Therefore, the data could be displayed and analyzed in real-time. The test results showed that the cutting speed and the feeding speed were continuously regulated from 0 to 2 m/s, the signals of the cutting force and cutting torque could be fast gathered from 0 to 10 kHz and displayed, and the data could be recorded and replayed. To verify the reliability and the accuracy of the measure-control system, some experiments were performed with some crop stalks, including cotton (Innovation cotton "958") stalk and the corn (Jinhai 5) stalk. The diameter, the moisture content of the cotton stalk were respectively 15-16 mm and 25.1% with plant space of 300 mm and row space of 600 mm. The diameter, the moisture content of the corn stalk were respectively 23-25 mm and 70.4% with plant space of 210 mm and row space of 600 mm. It was found that the peak cutting force and the peak torque for the cutting stalk decreased with the increase of the cutting speed when the cutting ratio (the ratio of the cutting speed to the feeding speed) and the cutting angle were constant. In addition, under the same cutting speed and the cutting speed ratio, the peak cutting force and peak torque decreased with the increase of the cutting angle at first and then increased, and the minimum value of the cutting force and the torque occurred when the cutting angle was about 13&deg;. The results indicated that the measuring and controlling system could have any combination of the different cutting speed and the feeding speed to simulate the different cutting conditions, and it also could have the capacities of measuring and analyzing the data of the cutting toque and cutting speed as well as the rotation speed of the motor with the high reliability and the accuracy.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Cutting
Controlled terms:Computer programming languages - Cotton - Cutting tools - Experiments - Feeding - Moisture determination - Sensors - Signal conditioning circuits - Speed - Straw  - Three term control systems - Torque - Torque meters
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture machinery - Data acquisition system - Host computer systems - Human computer interfaces - Industrial personal computers - Measure and controls - Motor control system - Proportion integration differentiations
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 731.1 Control Systems - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 41>

Accession number:20133816763098
Title:Research and analysis on improvement of transformer load test method
Authors:Yang, Chen (1); Piao, Zailin (1); Sun, Guokai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Piao, Z.(piaozl@china.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:155-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Load test is a kind of regular tests of transformers. It's also a basic test subject before transformer leaving factory, or undergoing transfer, heavy repair and fault. There are two main test contents, the load loss and short circuit impedance. These parameters are basic performance parameters of transformer, which identify the quality and performance of a transformer. In practical engineering, for miniature trial plant or low-capacity substation, if load test is carried out under rated current, the capacity of test energy source will be insufficient due to the bulk capacity of the underproof transformer. This may exceed the requests of associated experiment equipment, like voltage regulator, intermediate transformer etc. However, even the compensating capacitor is used to cut down the energy source's capacity, the large volume and weight of compensating capacitor will result in certain difficulty. Aiming at the problems emerged in practical engineering through traditional testing way, article analyzes the principle of classical load test in theory, and puts forward a kind of improved experiment method. The article first proves the feasibility of improved method through computer simulation, then actualizes field load test to transformers through the improved experiment method and recalculates the load test parameters. Finally the article actualizes the error analysis and the cost comparative analysis between the improved method and the classical method. Results indicate that the improved method will decrease the limits to the intermediate equipment without increasing energy source capacity. So it is a good method to enhance the test operating efficiency and the economical benefit, which is able to meet the precision demands of practical engineering. So the improved method can become a kind of extension and development for the classical load test of transformer.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Electric transformer testing
Controlled terms:Capacitors - Computer simulation - Experiments - Industrial plants - Load testing - Loading - Precision engineering - Repair - Testing - Voltage regulators
Uncontrolled terms:Compensating capacitor - Intermediate transformer - Performance parameters - Practical engineering - Research and analysis - Short-circuit impedance - Simulation analysis - Transformer
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 761 Nanotechnology - 732.1 Control Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial - 913.5 Maintenance - 704.1 Electric Components - 672 Naval Vessels - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 704 Electric Components and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 42>

Accession number:20133816763110
Title:Research on thermodynamic mathematical model of biomass gasification process with tar
Authors:Yan, Guihuan (1); Xu, Min (1); Xu, Chongqing (1); Xiao, Qi (1); Sun, Rongfeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Energy Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan 250014, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Biomass Gasification Technology of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250014, China
Corresponding author:Yan, G.(yanguihuan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:230-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Tar is a kind of very harmful product during the biomass gasification process, and it is not considered in the conventional thermodynamic mathematical model because of its components complexity. In order to research the effect of operation condition on ingredients and tar content of the fuel gas, a thermodynamic mathematical model of biomass gasification process with tar was developed based on material balance, energy balance and chemical equilibrium, taking the influences of system heat loss and carbon partial conversion into account. It is well known that the number of identified tar components is more than 100, and the components of quality ratio more than 5% are benzene, toluene, phenol, dimethylbenzene, phenylethylene, naphthalene, and so on. According to the quality equal principle of the main tar components, tar was indicated as the imaginary material C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>6.2</inf>O<inf>0.2</inf> in the thermodynamic mathematical model. The chemical reactions selected in the model were from the deoxidization process as the reaction rate was much slower than the oxidization reaction. The model was solved with Newton-Raphson method, which was validated in comparison with literature data. In addition, the developed model was used to study the operating conditions, such as air preheating temperature, air equivalence ratio (ER) and steam ratio, on gas components and tar content. The results indicated that, with the increase in air preheating temperature, the tar content was decreased but the low heat value (LHV) was increased. When ER was increased from 0.2 to 0.3, the tar content and the LHV were both decreased. As steam ratio was increased from 0 to 10%, the tar content was decreased and gasification efficiency was improved. The results might provide valuable references for low-tar and clean utilizations of biomass gasification.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Tar
Controlled terms:Air preheaters - Biomass - Gasification - Mathematical models - Naphthalene - Newton-Raphson method - Styrene - Thermodynamics
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass Gasification - Chemical equilibriums - Effect of operations - Equilibrium modeling - Equivalence ratios - Gasification efficiency - Material balance - Operating condition
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 921 Mathematics - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 524 Solid Fuels - 513 Petroleum Refining - 411 Bituminous Materials - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 43>

Accession number:20133816763093
Title:Analysis of distribution network loss considering influence of distributed generation
Authors:Meng, Xiaofang (1); Piao, Zailin (1); Wang, Yingnan (2); Wang, Lidi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The College of Information and Electric Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China; (2) Shenyang Power Supply Corporation, Shenyang 110003, China
Corresponding author:Piao, Z.(piaozl@china.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:128-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The loss reduction and energy saving of the distribution network is one of the most important issues to be concerned in the power industry all the time in the world. With the increased penetration of distributed generation (DG), there is a new opportunity for the problem of loss reduction and energy saving in distribution network at present. This paper studied the power loss reduction method by the configuration of the DG in the radial distribution network. From the simple radial distribution network with symmetrical load, this paper made further efforts to research on the problem of loss reduction in the actual network. First of all, without considering the penetration maximum capacity constraints of DG to be connected to a distribution network, and under the conditions of symmetrical load flow in the simple network, the mathematical models of current flow were established, the algorithm expression of the network loss reduction was determined after the DG configuration. Then, according to the rule of the clearest effect of power loss reduction after the DG configuration, the '2/3 principle' was determined to configure the DG in the simple radial network. As to the actual radial distribution network with asymmetrical load flow, the algorithms of the branch current and the power loss were given firstly. And then, according to the '2/3 principle' to determine the initial configuration point of DG, and under the constraint conditions of power balance, node voltage, transmission power, and DG capacity restriction, on the basis of load average power factor as the benchmark, the DG size and site was conformed by the minimum loss principles of the actual radial distribution network. The method proposed was applied to a real 10 kV distribution network, based on the data of the network in 2009, the DG was configured in the network, and the related calculation and analysis was implemented by the method given in this paper. By calculation, analysis and comparison, the results showed that the loss was significantly reduced under the different load conditions for used the method of this paper, and the voltage quality was obviously improved. By the proposed method in this paper, it is good to realize the goal of the loss reduction and energy saving in the distribution network effectively, and it is beneficial to improve the voltage. What's more, it is very easy to use in the actual distribution network, and a new method is provided for energy saving and power loss reduction of the distribution network.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Distributed power generation - Electric power distribution - Electric power factor - Energy conservation - Mathematical models - Power generation - Power supply circuits
Uncontrolled terms:Capacity constraints - Capacity restriction - Constraint conditions - Initial configuration - Loss reduction - Power loss reduction - Radial distribution networks - Transmission power
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 703.1 Electric Networks - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 44>

Accession number:20133816763104
Title:Three-dimensional reconstruction method from construction drawings of solar-greenhouses based on semantic driving
Authors:Du, Jianjun (1); Guo, Xinyu (1); Lu, Shenglian (1); Wen, Weiliang (1); Xiao, Boxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Du, J.(dujj@nericta.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:190-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The three-dimensional modeling techniques based on construction drawings have illustrated a good prospect of applications in virtual simulation, scene design, engineering modeling and calculation. Due to the complexity and diversity of structure information in construction drawings, the three-dimensional reconstruction based on construction drawings is still a great challenge. In this paper, a modeling method based on semantic mapping was presented to reconstruct three-dimensional models of solar-greenhouses from construction drawings. The construction drawings of solar-greenhouse with DXF formats were analyzed to obtain the structure elements which consisted of basic graphics primitives, text and annotation etc. The semantics models of the main characteristic components of solar-greenhouse were then built, and used to classify these structure elements into individual semantic components according to the recognition and understanding of their coordination, geometric features and text information. Moreover, the parameters models were also defined based on the hierarchical control parameters which consisted of all the structure, topology and texture parameters of the three-dimensional solar-greenhouses. After the semantic mapping mechanism between semantics and parameters models was built, the semantic driving method could conveniently generate the three-dimensional models from construction drawings. Among the above steps, the object-oriented analysis and design were used to refine two-dimensional geometric primitives and three-dimensional objects, and the photo-realistic rendering techniques were used to implement the visualization of the generated models. Based on the semantics-driven and parameters-driven mechanism, the presented method integrated CAD drawings, three-dimensional modeling and visualization techniques to reconstruct the three-dimensional solar-greenhouses from construction drawings. Finally, two sets of construction drawings were respectively tested. The results demonstrate this method is not only beneficial to improve the efficiency in reading the drawings, but the generated model with fidelity, interactivity and photo-realistic features can be used for the construction quantity and cost computation, structural optimization and the virtual exhibition.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Three dimensional
Controlled terms:Character recognition - Computer aided design - Greenhouses - Semantics - Three dimensional computer graphics - Virtual reality
Uncontrolled terms:Object oriented analysis and design - Parameter driving - Photorealistic rendering - Semantic mapping - Three-dimensional model - Three-dimensional object - Three-dimensional reconstruction - Visualization technique
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 903.2 Information Dissemination
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 45>

Accession number:20133816763112
Title:Evaluation on ecological value of arable land in hilly land consolidation region of Shandong province
Authors:Wang, Ailing (1); Liu, Wenpeng (3); Ji, Guangwei (1); Li, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (3) Bureau of Land and Resource of Laiwu City, Shandong Province, Laiwu 271100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, A.(ailingwang@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:244-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Arable land not only has important agricultural production function and economic value, but also has ecological function and value, such as gas regulation, nutrient cycling, water conservation, soil conservation etc. But it is difficult to have quantitative evaluation on it. Low hills are important land consolidation areas in China, engineering and biological measures taken during land consolidation change the arable land area, soil properties, terrain slopes, irrigation conditions etc, which leads to changes in the ecological value of arable land in project area. Taking the Lixin land consolidation project of Laiwu city in Shandong province as an example, based on the ecological service value evaluation theory, the evaluation methods of arable land ecological value was proposed, the four ecological service values were calculated, including gas regulation, nutrient cycling, water conservation and soil conservation, and their values before land consolidation in low hilly region were compared with those after land consolidation in this paper. Gas regulation value was estimated by using carbon sequestration-oxygen making of crop and the substitution method. Before land consolidation, when the study area had no irrigation, peanuts were planting outdoors, biomass was lower, gas regulation value was 2.1848 million Yuan. After land consolidation, gas regulation value was 4.9441 million Yuan, the increase was 2.7593 million Yuan for production conditions improvement, mulching planting peanuts and biomass substantial increase. Nutrient recycling value was estimated by using soil pool nutrient cycling and market pricing method. After land consolidation, arable land area and soil thickness increased significantly, soil bulk density decreased and soil nutrient content decreased slightly. Nutrient cycling value was 1.3082 and 1.5855 million Yuan before and after land consolidation respectively, the increase was 277,300 Yuan after land consolidation. Water conservation value was estimated by using water conservation and market pricing method. For the study area was mainly sandy loam and lack of irrigation facilities, water conservation value was 88,900 Yuan before land consolidation. After land consolidation, water conservation value was 425,600 Yuan, and the increase was 336,700 Yuan for soil texture was slightly improved and new water storage facilities were built. Soil conservation value was estimated by using the amount of soil nutrients remains and market pricing method. The study area was hilly area, so range of terrain slopes were relatively large. Taking different measures, such as land leveling, setting up the sloping terrace, etc., the soil erosion was reduced and soil nutrients were maintained. The amount of potential soil erosion, realistic soil erosion and soil conservation were measured with universal soil loss equation (USLE) before land consolidation, then soil conservation value were obtained, which were 704,200 Yuan. The same method was used to calculate the soil conservation value after land consolidation, the value was 793,600 Yuan. The total ecological value, which was equal to the sum of gas regulation, nutrient cycling, water conservation and soil conservation was 4.3132 and 7.8103 million Yuan before and after land consolidation. The results showed that arable land had higher ecological value and among them, gas regulation value was the maximum. The arable land ecological value increased 3.4971 million Yuan and its growth rate was 81.03% after land consolidation, so the ecological benefit of land consolidation was prominent. The evaluation method provides a reference for arable land ecological evaluation, and the evaluation results provide a scientific basis for performance evaluation of land consolidation project in Lixin of Laiwu city.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Nutrients
Controlled terms:Commerce - Consolidation - Costs - Ecology - Economics - Erosion - Forestry - Gases - Irrigation - Land use  - Planning - Sediment transport - Soil conservation - Soils - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Arable land - Ecological evaluation - Ecological functions - Ecological service values - Ecological values - Quantitative evaluation - Universal soil loss equation
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 971 Social Sciences - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 444 Water Resources - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 46>

Accession number:20133816763111
Title:Organization and retrieval of soil spatial grid data based on Morton code
Authors:Zhang, Tianjiao (1); Yan, Tailai (1); Wang, Haijiao (1); Yang, Yongxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Y.(yangyx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:SUPPL1
Issue date:April 30, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:235-243
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to share and make better use of geographic information in agricultural applications, a spatial grids division and coding method based on Morton code was introduced in this paper. Taking the land utilization layer of Ningxia province as the example, the entire sample region was divided into three spatial grids layers and the final spatial grid's size of third layer was refined to 1 m². Encoded with the two dimension running encode (2DRE), the number of spatial grids could be highly compressed. At the same time, by summing up the general requirements in the application of spatial grids, a two-layered index structure was designed within relational database. In the experiment, a specific area with about 6&times;10⁴ polygons was selected to validate SQL Server 2008 and VS2010.net 4.0 software. It was the conclusion that the spatial grids division and coding method based on Morton code could make the grid data shrink to one-tenth of its original number, the method had also overcome the technical difficulties that every figure had a different number of 2D run-length compressing coding and the retrieval speed of spatial data was improved to tens of thousands of records every second. This paper provides an effective method for the organization and management of the agricultural information resource.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Grid computing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Encoding (symbols) - Information management - Information retrieval
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural informations - Codes - Geographic information - Morton-code - Organization and management - Spatial grids - Technical difficulties - Two-dimension
Classification code:722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.2 Information Dissemination
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.z1.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.