<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20133216587825
Title:Design and application effect of greenhouse calf barn in cold region
Authors:Luan, Dongmei (1); Qi, He (1); Zhao, Jing (1); Zhang, Yonggen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.(zhangyonggen@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:195-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to provide a warm, dry and airy environment for calves, a greenhouse barn was designed and constructed. The traditional calf barn was used as controls, thermal environment and air quality were monitored and the application effect was evaluated. The front part of the greenhouse barn was covered with two-layered plastic films with 0.2 meter between the two plastic films. The plastic films made a 66 degree angle with the ground. The roof of the greenhouse calf barn was constructed with two-layered color steel plates, while the space between the steel plates was filled with polystyrene foam board (0.12 m). The wall of the barn was built with two-layered fiber reinforced inorganic board, while the space between the boards was filled with polystyrene foam board (0.20 m). Natural ventilation system was used for greenhouse barn. There were two insulated air-inlet flues on the gable, and two insulated air-outlet flues on the ridge. The top end of the air-outlet flues was 0.7 meter above the ridge and its lower end extended 0.8 meter into the barn. There were ten calf hutches in the barn. The calves were raised individually. The environmental measurements showed that, when outdoor average temperature was -17.3 &deg;C and outdoor relative humidity was 68%, the average temperature and the average internal surface temperature inside the greenhouse calf barn were -0.7 and 0.8&deg;C, respectively, which were 3.8 and 6.7&deg;C respectively higher than those in traditional calf barn. This illustrated that the design of heat insulation met the requirement of calf barn in cold regions. The relative humidity in the greenhouse calf barn was 59 %. The ammonia was undetectable. The concentration of carbon dioxide was 2441 mg/m3 in contrast to 95 %, 3.9 mg/m3, and 3096 mg/m3 in traditional calf barns, respectively. This illustrated that the design of ventilation system met the requirement of calves in cold regions. Average temperature, average internal surface temperature and relative humidity of calf hutch in the greenhouse calf barn were 0.9&deg;C, 5.7&deg;C and 65%, respectively. These suggest that the calf hutches in greenhouse calf barn not only achieved appropriate ventilation for calf barns during winters, but also provided a draught-free environment for calf. Optimum temperature and good air quality in the greenhouse calf barn reduced the calf morbidity and mortality rates in 0-60-day-old calves to 33.33 % and 0 %, respectively. Compared with the traditional calf barns, the calf morbidity and mortality rates in 0-60-day-old calves were as high as 71.43% and 28.57 %, respectively.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Farm buildings
Controlled terms:Air quality - Atmospheric temperature - Carbon dioxide - Design - Flues - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Humidity control - Plastic films - Polystyrenes  - Population statistics - Surface properties - Thermal effects - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Calf barn - Cold regions - Design and application - Environmental measurements - Natural ventilation - Optimum temperature - Thermal environment - Ventilation systems
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 643.5 Ventilation - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 408 Structural Design - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 402 Buildings and Towers - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20133216587829
Title:Method of multi-agent system for simulating land-use decision-making behavior of farmer households
Authors:Chang, Xiao (1); Liu, Liming (1); Liu, Zhaoxu (1); Chen, Weiqiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Corresponding author:Liu, L.(liulm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:227-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to find out the key nodes of land use regulations, and provide scientific support for the formulation of the relevant policies and the measures, multi-agent system (MAS) offers a bottom-up approach to explore the internal mechanism of land use change through simulating the decision-making behavior of micro-level agents. With a case study of Xiaozhuang Village in Tanghe County, Henan Province, this paper took farmers' choice between cotton and peanut as an example, and attempted to explore the application possibility of MAS approach in the study of agricultural land use change by simulating land use decision-making behavior of farmer households. This study constructed a conceptual framework of land-use decisions for farmer households base-on MAS, in which household's decision-making behavior was affected by both internal factors (ability and willingness) and external factors (market, policy, natural conditions and interaction with other households). And the conceptual framework analyzed the cycle mechanism among these factors: Internal factors were the direct and core factors in households' decision-making process, external factors affected their decision-making behavior indirectly through influencing internal factors, i.e. ability or willingness, and the cumulative result of farmers' decisions could change land-use pattern of the region as a whole, which would further influence internal and external factors. Then a mathematical model was given based on the conceptual framework to simulate the decision-making process of the households: First, the internal-factor-based decision-making rule was formulated to get the internal decision-making value, which was regarded as the base value. Then external factors were taken into account to amend the base value and to get the final decision-making value. The results demonstrated that: 1)Internal decision-making value on peanut was generally higher than on cotton, although the value varied from one household to another. Market factors strengthened households' willingness to grow peanuts. The effects of interaction on households varied based on each household's characteristic. In general, external factors made households more likely to grow peanut rather than cotton, increased households' final decision-making value on peanut but decreased that on cotton. 2) Simulated value of area ratio (cotton/peanut) is 0.26:0.74, which was in good agreement with the actual value 0.26:0.74 (The simulated value was only 5.4% higher than the actual value). Thus, the simulation caught the key factors in households' decision-making process such as profit, labor, market, etc. It also well explained and predicted decision-making behavior of households, the land-use pattern and change of the region. Furthermore, the reason behind the results were discussed: Considering the labor-dependent characteristic, the suitability of natural conditions, and price stability, cotton was in a relatively inferior position than peanut in research field, so the households were very sensitive to the price drop of cotton in the year 2011, which brought about huge negative impact on local cotton cultivation, and peanuts became main autumn commercial crop in Xiaozhuang Village in the year 2012. 3) The relationship between the benefit of households and the market was analyzed: Although closely relevant with each other, they were essentially different. Market was a regional-scale indicator that represented the average level of the area as a whole. Benefit was a household-scale indicator whose value was influenced by some irregular or uncontrollable factors, which reflected the complexity of the households' decision-making behavior. The construction of the model was to simulate the complicated real world, meanwhile to abstract and simplify it, so how to balance the relationship between "simulation" and "simplification" was very important in the model design and expression. 4) In this case, labor was chosen as the ability factor, because contradiction between the labor-dependent characteristic of the crops (especially cotton) and the labor loss (caused by high opportunity cost) made labor the primary factor influencing, even determining households' ability. In practical application, the ability factors can vary under different situations. This model can provide theoretical foundation for the regulation of farmer households' land-use behavior, and help promote efficient agricultural land use fundamentally.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Behavioral research
Controlled terms:Commerce - Computer simulation - Costs - Cotton - Crops - Decision making - Land use - Mathematical models - Multi agent systems - Oilseeds  - Research - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Decision making process - Decision-making behaviors - Decisions - Farmer - Internal and external factors - Simulation - Theoretical foundations - Uncontrollable factors
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 921 Mathematics - 912.2 Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723.5 Computer Applications - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20133216587812
Title:Simulation of response of water requirement for rice irrigation to climate change
Authors:Wang, Weiguang (1); Sun, Fengchao (1); Peng, Shizhang (1); Xu, Junzeng (1); Luo, Yufeng (1); Jiao, Xiyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Corresponding author:Peng, S.(szpeng@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The climate change will cause the alteration of the processes of crop water consumption, and thus affect the irrigation water requirement. As one of the most important crops in China, rice accounts for 18% of the country's total cultivated area. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on rice water consumption is of great significance. Investigations on response of rice irrigation water requirements to climate change are beneficial to develop adaptation strategies to climate change and thus ensure food security and the sustainable use of water resources. In this study, changes in rice yield and irrigation water requirements in the past five decades (1961-2010) under flood irrigation and intermittent irrigation were investigated using rice model ORYZA2000 based on historical meteorological data. The rice model ORYZA2000 genetic parameters were calibrated and validated using two calibration programs, DRATES and PARAM, built in the ORYZA2000 model based on two years farm experiment data in Kunshan Station. The potential impacts of future climate change on the rice yield and irrigation water requirements were also examined using validated rice model ORYZA2000. Climate data in the future were generated by the HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3) of the IPCC 3rd Assessment Report under A2 and B2 emission scenarios. Statistical downscaling method (SDSM) was employed in this study to get future input meteorological data (2011-2099) (including precipitation, daily air temperature, vapor pressure, wind speed, and radiation data) in Kunshan station of the rice model ORYZA2000. Daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets during the period of 1961-2001 were used to calibrate and validate the SDSM model. The results indicated ORYZA2000 model can be used to simulate the rice index in a relative high accuracy, and thus can be used to conduct the climate change impact assessment. The SDSM performed generally well in reproducing daily meteorological data for input of rice model ORYZA2000. The simulation of changes in related variables during historical period indicated the significant increases in rice water consumption were found during the past decades. However, rice water irrigation requirements and yield present significant decreasing trends because of increasing precipitation and shorten growth duration caused by increasing air temperature and decreasing radiation, respectively. The rice water consumption will increase under both intermittent irrigation and flood irrigation in the future. Irritation water requirements will decrease significantly due to increasing precipitation and rice water consumption in the future. Compared with that in the baseline, the rice yield will experience decrease and the decrease magnitudes will be enlarged over time due to the negative effect from increasing air temperature.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Climate models - Floods - Food supply - Irrigation - Meteorology - Models - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Climate change impact assessments - Future scenario - Intermittent irrigations - Irrigation requirements - Irrigation water requirements - ORYZA2000 - Rice yield - Statistical downscaling
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 404.2 Civil Defense - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20133216587821
Title:Determination of effective transmission distances of wireless sensor network nodes for agro-ecological environment monitoring
Authors:Xu, Xingyuan (1); Zhang, Yue (2); Ji, Minhe (1); Song, Yang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (2) Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Corresponding author:Ji, M.(mhji@geo.ecnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:164-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely adopted for monitoring of agro-ecological environment, as they offer a number of advantages over traditional field observation methods. Signal transmission distances and qualities achieved by wireless sensors are highly related to the types of external environments. Attenuation of radio signals varies drastically for wireless sensor networks in different agro-ecological environments with diverse physical forms and structures. To achieve the economic, rational, and efficient goal for WSN deployment, it is essential to identify the effective transmission distance between wireless sensors in typical agro-ecological environments. This paper employed a long attenuation model, known as a Shadowing model, to examine the effect of distance on signal propagation loss with given transmitting power by measuring signal strength at the receiving node in one-hop networking experiments. The network was constructed using 12 nodes with commonly adopted CC2530 and CC2591 as wireless communication modules (both working at 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band) and four different landscape settings as typical analysis environments (i.e. lake, grassland, low shrubs, and woodland). To improve the signal sending and receiving capacity, wireless sensor nodes under experiment were equipped with a 5 dB short-stick antenna. The initial test was conducted to determine the minimum sensitivity of sensor nodes to be -97 dBm. By setting a series of distances between data sending and receiving sensor nodes, the corresponding received signal strength indication (RSSI) was recorded. A Matlab-based nonlinear regression model was built with the recorded RSSI data to analyze the relationship between RSSI and transmission distance for each of the four agro-ecological environments. The resulting coefficients of determination for the regression models indicated a strong relationship between RSSI and transmission distance, as they complied with the Shadowing model with a degree of fitting between 0.9232-0.9556. According to the fitted curves in the regression analyses, a transmission path loss index was calculated to represent such interferences as attenuation, reflection, and multi-path phenomenon on wireless signals due to a given environmental morphology and structure. With the signal sending power being kept constant, it was found that lakes had the lowest transmission path loss index value (2.1), which was followed by grassland (2.4), low shrubs (2.6), and finally woodland (3.1). Based on the fitted regression models and adopting the minimum sensitivity of sensors as the threshold, the calculated theoretical maximum transmission distance for the deployment of the given sensor nodes was 663.3 m, 419.3 m, 155.2 m, and 79.5 m for lake, grassland, low shrubs, and woodland, respectively. Effective transmission distances were also computed from the theoretical ones by a 25% deduction, resulting in 495 m, 330 m, 150 m and 65 m for the above four ecological settings, respectively. The experimental procedure and the transmission path loss index estimated by the fitted regression models in this paper can provide useful reference for practical environmental monitoring network construction and sensor node deployment when facing diverse environmental morphologies. Potential further work will include investigating effects of node height variation on transmission distances in different agro-ecological environments and experimenting and comparing the results of this study with sensor nodes equipped with other wireless modules.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Experiments - Frequency bands - Lakes - Mathematical models - Morphology - Optical variables measurement - Regression analysis - Sensors  - Wi-Fi - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural environment monitoring - Effective transmission - Environment monitoring - Environmental Monitoring - Morphology and structures - Nonlinear regression models - Received signal strength indication - Wireless communications
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801 Chemistry - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20133216587830
Title:Calculation method of qualitative potential of farmland consolidation
Authors:Zhang, Ruijuan (1); Jiang, Guanghui (1); Zhou, Dingyang (1); Sun, Fuguo (3); Wang, Xinpan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (2) College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (3) Penglai Bureau of Land and Resources, Yantai 265600, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, G.(macrophage@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:238-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Currently in many studies, farmland qualitative potential in land consolidation is calculated based on farmland classification grades. However, factors of farmland classification cannot completely reflect the effects that land consolidation projects produce in increasing farmland quality by building infrastructure such as farmland roads, farmland shelterbelts, and irrigation and drainage systems. No considering the ability of farmland limiting factors reformed by land consolidation, the results of farmland qualitative potential are questionable. The purpose of this paper was to extend the method of calculation of farmland qualitative potential in land consolidation in a case of Shenyang City. First, the paper analyzed the limiting factors for farmland that can be reformed by land consolidation in comparing with factors included in farmland classification. Then, the revised method of evaluating farmland quality was put forward, the method as follow: weight values was supplied and scores of land consolidation reformed factors to the index system of farmland nature quality evaluation in farmland classification was graded, and the revised method was verified by testing the correlation analysis of yield of standard food with farmland utilization grade index. Second, scores of farmland limiting factors were adjusted according to the level of typical land consolidation projects or the maximum value of factors in the third farmland gradation index areas. Third, the formula to calculate farmland qualitative potential was formed based on the D-value of farmland utilization grades before and after land consolidation, and potential zones were identified for the possibility of increase. The potential results of revised methods were compared with those of the planning methods in land consolidation. The study area is Shenyang City of Liaoning Province, and data were obtained from 2007 farmland classification results, 2010 land use change survey and data updates, and 2010 soil maps, DEM data, and forest departmental statistics. Results showed that, based on the revised method, the average farmland quality utilization grade is 5.6, and after land consolidation, the average level of total farmland qualitative potential increased 1.2 utilization grades. Further, the correlation coefficient R² = 0.8517 of farmland utilization grade index based on revised methods with yield of standard food was calculated in correlation analysis test, which revealed that the precision of farmland quality evaluation on revised methods is better than farmland classification (R² = 0.7991). High potential areas are mainly distributed in the middle Hun River, the Liao River alluvial plain, and the Northwest plain; low potential areas are mainly distributed in the area of low hills and suburban plain. The measure of farmland quality improvement in land consolidation will focus on soil salinization, irrigation and drainage, roads and other infrastructure. The results of farmland quality potential calculated by the revised method enhance the relationship with farmland qualitative limiting factors, which can prevent farmland quality potential increasing to high value caused by overrating the changeability of some limiting factors. The revised method also can contribute more precision and practicability to farmland qualitative potential in practice of land consolidation projects, providing a method reference for land consolidation planning at the city level.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Correlation methods - Grading - Irrigation - Land use - Landforms - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Farmland - Farmland consolidations - Irrigation and drainage systems - Land consolidation planning - Limiting factors - Revised method - Shenyang city
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20133216587824
Title:Development status of automated equipment systems for greenhouse vegetable seedlings production in Netherlands and its inspiration for China
Authors:Gu, Song (1); Yang, Yanli (1); Zhang, Yuefeng (3); Qiao, Xiaojun (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (4) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100089, China
Corresponding author:Gu, S.(sgu666@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:185-194
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To improve productivity, reduce labor intensity and lower production costs, the Netherlands had been developing precision seeding production line, grafting production line, seedlings production line with stone wool blocks and supporting equipments in vegetable seedlings production. After precision seeding production lines having been widely used for vegetable seedlings production, grafting production line for vegetables has been used to make grafting productivity increase by 50% or more, and seedlings production line with stone wool blocks for vegetables has been used to make transplanting productivity reach up to 7500-1 2000 seedlings per hour. In addition by learning from flowers automated production technologies in vegetable seedlings production, several of transporting equipments of production materials have been developed and widely used such as laying cart of stone wool blocks, trays conveyor belts, human hydraulic vehicle and so on, so as to achieve labor saving production and enhance production efficiency and market competitiveness. This paper introduces a production process of cucumber seedlings using seedlings production line with stone wool blocks and a production process of tomato seedlings grafted with precision seeding production line, grafting production line, and seedlings production line for using stone wool blocks. The operating productivities and manufactories of these production lines are discussed. Based on the above discussion, the greenhouse vegetable seedlings production of the Netherlands has the following characteristics: a) Because of the advantages of high porosity and reducing bacteria for stone wool, and the advantages of convenient operation and water-saving irrigation with tidal, hydroponic with stone wool blocks and tidal irrigation have been widely applied in greenhouse seedlings production; b) Because flower growers invested much more funds on the development of automated production technologies than vegetable growers, the level of flowers automated production is higher than that of vegetables. Many operations and transporting of production materials in vegetable seedlings production need to be done by manpower, and production line for vegetable seedlings is relatively short and not complete; c) The equipment system of vegetable seedlings production is usually composed of precision seeding production line, grafting production line and seedlings production line with stone wool blocks. Being combined with automated equipments and manual operation reasonably, production line would become an effective and easy way to reduce labor demand and enhance productivity; d) It is an important way to develop internal transporting equipment of production materials for reducing labor intensive and increase operating speed. Greenhouse vegetable seedlings production in China is facing labor shortages, low level of production automation, and low productivity. According to the Chinese vegetable seedlings production condition and learning the development experience of horticultural automated production technology in Netherlands, China should focus on developing vegetable seedlings production lines and transporting equipments of production materials to reduce labor demand, enhance productivity, and promote a modern transformation of the Chinese horticultural production.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Automobile manufacture
Controlled terms:Automation - Belt conveyors - Employment - Engineering education - Equipment - Grafting (chemical) - Grafts - Greenhouses - Hydraulic machinery - Production engineering  - Productivity - Vegetables - Wool - Yarn
Uncontrolled terms:Automated equipment - Development experiences - Development status - Greenhouse vegetables - Netherlands - Productivity increase - Stone wool - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 901 Engineering Profession - 901.2 Education - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 913.1 Production Engineering - 819.4 Fiber Products - 462.4 Prosthetics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 662.1 Automobiles - 692.1 Conveyors - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732 Control Devices - 815.1 Polymeric Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20133216587806
Title:Modeling and compensation for characteristic of droplet drift on air-assisted boom spraying accounting for wind speeds
Authors:Yuan, Jin (1); Liu, Xuemei (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (1); Zuo, Wenlong (1); Wang, Xiu (3); Chen, Liping (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an 271018, China; (3) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Liu, X.(lxmywj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:45-52
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Air-assisted boom spraying has proven to have a positive effect on drift reduction. However, its effects with certain operational parameters of air-assisted boom sprayers are varied depending on natural wind speeds, outlet velocities of air curtain, spraying flow, spraying angle and etc, thus the spray drift rate and deposition rate are not stable in the field working. For example, if wind speed is low, and airflow and outlet speed of wind duct are high, which not only increases the power consumption of the fan, but also directly blew the droplets to ground and formed serious spray loss. On the contrary, when the wind speed is high, the speed of air-assisted flow is not enough to overcome the influence of wind, the spray droplets is drifted. To provide the control parameters to achieve precise control model with pesticide effect, this paper, leveraged by a three-dimensional multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the consideration of wind speeds, inlet speed of air curtain, spraying flow and spraying angle, simulates the coupling interaction of natural wind (continuous phase), the air curtain (continuous phase) and the droplets (discrete phase) of the air-assisted boom sprayer to study the droplet drift characteristics. The uniform experimental design took into the four factors with five levels of L2- deviation of the uniform design table U25 being applied to arrange the simulation scheme. Two criteria, the drift rate and the downward velocity under the duct 0.5m, were used to evaluate the spraying performance under the computing utilizing CFD simulation results. The simulation results were collected as training samples, and the multivariate relevance vector machine (MRVM) regression method was utilized to establish the 4-inputs-2-outputs spraying drift model accounting for the varying natural wind. The CFD simulation and the MRVM model only considered the four factors which influenced the spraying effect, however the vertical distance when the dense degree, crop of nozzle and the crop canopy were not at the same time, influence of spray effect was also affected by these parameters. Therefore, a fuzzy inference system model considersing crop canopy dense degree and vertical distance between nozzles and canopy was established to correct the 3 control parameters. According to the experiment, spray system analysis and expert experience, 11 fuzzy rules with Gauss membership function were set up. By using the fuzzy logic toolbox, fuzzy inference system was defined to obtain the mapping between input and output. In order to quantitative analysis the modeling quality of the droplet drift characteristics, the 3MQ-600 type air-assisted boom sprayer was used in the droplet drift test. Model tests showed that the mean absolute percentage error of the drift rate was 2.56%, and the spraying drift test of air-assisted boom sprayer prototype with natural wind disturbance had validated that the measured and predicted drift loss rate average error of 8.92%, which still showed the same interaction rule with the built spraying drift predictive model. This study provided the active control system with spraying ant-drift and droplet deposition effects-oriented control and decision-making model.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Air curtains - Aircraft propulsion - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Crops - Deposition - Drops - Ducts - Flow fields - Fuzzy logic  - Fuzzy systems - Inlet flow - Models - Regression analysis - Spraying - Wind effects
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-drift - Boom sprayer - Decision making models - Fuzzy inference systems - Gauss membership function - Mean absolute percentage error - Multiple working conditions - Multivariate relevance vector machines
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 961 Systems Science - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 402 Buildings and Towers - 653.1 Aircraft Engines, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20133216587801
Title:Estimation of carbon emission from burning and carbon sequestration from biochar producing using crop straw in China
Authors:Li, Feiyue (1); Wang, Jianfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Urban Construction and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China; (2) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(jykwjf@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The common management of straw is burning in the field, which is considered as a convenient and economical method for farmers to deal with them in China. However, the burning of straw enhances the release of greenhouse gases including CO<inf>2</inf>. Turning crop residues into biochar under low temperature (usually&lt;700&deg;C) and limited oxygen conditions has been recently proven as a promising approach for the long term carbon sequestration. However, up to now, the quantity of carbon emission from crop straw burning and the potential of carbon sequestration by turning straw into biochar in China are still unavailable. Hence, in this paper, the quantity was estimated. Based on the data of crop yield from 2001 to 2010 in China, the major straw (rice, wheat, corn and soybean) output was calculated according to the ratio of grain to straw. The proportion and amount of burned straw were quantitatively analyzed. The total amounts of CO and CO<inf>2</inf> emission were estimated according to the emission factors derived from references, and the total carbon emission was calculated based on the CO and CO<inf>2</inf> emission without thinking of the other forms of C emission. Moreover, biochars were derived from major crop straw under lab conditions (a typical slow pyrolysis process, heated in a muffle furnace at a speed of approximately 20&deg;C min^-1 under limited oxygen and held at 500&deg;C for 4 h) and the carbon sequestration amount of biochars were estimated according to the carbon contents and yields of biochars. The results showed that annually production of crop straw in China was about 5.1&times;10⁸ t, and about 21.6% of them were burned, which led to high CO, CO<inf>2</inf> and carbon emission, which were about 1.15&times;10⁷, 1.57&times;10⁸ and 4.77&times;10⁷ t, respectively. Meanwhile, the average carbon contents and yields of biochars were 63.2% and 30%, respectively. Although the stability of biochar and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the carbon sequestration were not studied in this study, the annually carbon sequestration amount by turning straw into biochars was 0.96&times;10⁸ t and about half of carbon emission was decreased annually if the amount of burned straw was turned into biochar, which indicated that turning straw into biochar was a promising approach for straw management.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Carbon - Crops - Emission control - Greenhouse gases - Oxygen - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Biocha - Carbon emissions - Carbon sequestration - Economical methods - Emission factors - Low temperatures - Pyrolysis temperature - Straw management
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20133216587802
Title:Side-shift offset identification and control of crop row tracking for intra-row mechanical weeding
Authors:Hu, Lian (1); Luo, Xiwen (1); Zhang, Zhigang (1); Chen, Xiongfei (1); Lin, Chaoxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Luo, X.(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:8-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Intra-row mechanical weeding technique and device can free strenuous labor and eliminate the detriment of using chemical weed. The yaw error is barely avoidable when running a tracked crop-row tractor. It can result in an inconstant side-shift between the intra-row mechanical weed device and crop row and the increasing of crop damage and untreated weeds in intra-row area. The objective of this research is to develop a crop row tracking control algorithm for the optimized measurement of side-shift offset. The crop row line is obtained by using least square fit from 20 crops in several consecutive images, and the side-shift offset is estimated based on weeding device lateral position to keep a constant distance between the weeding device and crop row. Then, the PD control algorithm with bi-threshold dead band for transverse controller is developed to reduce the transverse error when the estimated offset exceeds the dead band. It needs to be ensured that the origin of the weeding device follows the desired route and parallels the crop row, by controlling velocity and direction of DC motor. The test results prove the good performance of standardized signal tracking using sine wave and triangle wave. The maximum and average sine wave tracking error is 10 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively, with a forward velocity of 0.2 m/s. The maximum and average triangle wave tracking error is 11 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively, with a forward velocity of 0.5 m/s. The results from weeding experiment in soil bin indicate that the side-shift enabled control of the transverse position of the weeding device and is able to follow the crop row line with an accuracy of &plusmn;13.4 mm at 0.2 m/s and &plusmn;20.8 mm at 0.5 m/s forward velocity. The untreated weeds in the intra-row area decreased significantly. The treated intra-row area achieve up to 93.3% and 85.9% of field surface for a mean plant spacing of 300 mm and 200 mm, respectively. The danger of crop damage is significantly reduced by using side-shift control. Compared to the rate of crop damage up to 20% without using the transverse controller, the rate of crop damage is down to less than 12% by using the side-shift control. The accuracy of intra-row weeding device tracking is high and acceptable.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Algorithms - Controllers - DC motors - Identification (control systems) - Surface discharges - Velocity - Weed control
Uncontrolled terms:Consecutive images - Device tracking - Forward velocity - Lateral positions - Least square fits - Mechanical weeding - Side-shift - Tracking control algorithms
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 931.1 Mechanics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 705.3.2 DC Motors - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 731.1 Control Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20133216587815
Title:Direct calculation formula for normal depth of U-shaped channel
Authors:Zhang, Xinyan (1); L&#252;, Hongxing (1); Zhu, Delan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:L&#252;, H.(lvhongxing@tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:115-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The normal depth is an important hydraulic element for channel design, operation and management. U-shaped channel has excellent hydraulic performance and strong ability of anti-frost heave, while the normal depth in the governing equations of the current common methods is implicit and have no analytical solutions. We introduced cross section characteristic parameter and dimensionless relative normal depth and took the actual flow rate in channel as the transitional flow rate when the flow depth is exactly equal to the bottom arc height. The direct calculation formula for the normal depth in U-shaped channel was presented by Marquardt method based on the NLIN procedure using SAS software. Marquardt method was used to assess whether the fitting formula reaches the best fitting result by using the iterative program to calculate the residual sum of squares. Fitting formula is the best one when the minimum residual sum of squares exists, having the characteristics of well adaptable to formula, low requirement to iterative initial value and easy to convergence, etc. This method is an effective one to solve the question of fitting non-linear equation and one of the most popular method in the field of solving non-linear equation at present. The error analysis showed the absolute value of the relative error for the proposed formula was smaller than 0.44% when the actual flow rate in channel was smaller than the transitional flow rate. Though the relative error increases when the actual flow rate in channel was larger than the transitional flow rate, the absolute value of relative error was less than 1% in which the relative error less than 0.08% when the slope coefficient was zero, and the error increased when the slope coefficient was not equal zero, but the absolute error was below 1%. It was thus indicated that the proposed formula had high precise and satisfied the need of Engineering practice. In addition, the proposed formula, with the simple form and the clear physical concept, exhibit both simplicity, easy-to-use and strong generality because it can be used to solve the normal depth of wide-shallow channel and the narrow-deep channel. Therefore, the efficient computational tools presented in this paper will be useful in the design and management of channel.
Number of references:11
Main heading:Iterative methods
Controlled terms:Calculations - Design - Flow rate - Hydraulics - Linear equations - Transition flow
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic parameter - Direct calculation formulas - Engineering practices - Marquardt method - Normal depths - Operation and management - Residual sum of squares - U-shaped channels
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20133216587809
Title:CFD calculation of clocking effect on centrifugal pump
Authors:Liu, Houlin (1); Cui, Jianbao (1); Tan, Minggao (1); Wu, Xianfang (1); Xu, Huan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Liu, H.(liuhoulin@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:67-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the influence of clocking effect on the centrifugal pump, the CFD method was applied to simulate the inner flow in the centrifugal pump at its design flow rate under different guide vane clocking positions. The centrifugal pump mainly consisted of volute, guide vane and impeller. The physical model was made of transparent organic glass. The clocking positions were changed by changing the circumferential connection between guide vane and volute. First, we defined the position at which the angle between guide vane blade trailing edge and volute tongue was 0&deg; as Clocking0, and the clocking position number increases by 1 every increase of 10&deg; clockwise. The calculation result at Clocking1 position was compared with its experimental value. The experiment was conducted in a closed test platform. The pump head and efficiency error between experimental and calculated results were less than 3%, which indicated the CFD calculation method predicted the performance of centrifugal pump relatively well such that it can be used for predicting the characteristics of other clocking positions. The external characteristics and internal flow features variations of the pump versus clocking positions were obtained. The pressure fluctuation at the tongue region and the radial hydraulic force on the impeller at different clocking positions were analyzed as well. The results indicated that with the increase of clocking position, the pump head and efficiency increased and then decreased, reaching the maximum value near Clocking2. The minimum value of pump head and efficiency was at Clocking0. The pump head at Clocking2 was 0.6m greater than that of Clocking0, and the efficiency was about 5% greater. The average relative pressure differences on each cross section of pump volute were analyzed, which indicated that the pressure variations were within 20% with the increase of clocking positions. The analysis on frequency fluctuations and frequency spectra of pressure fluctuations at locations around tongue for different clocking positions revealed that clocking effect mainly affected one and two times the blade passing frequency at the tongue region. When the clocking position number increased, both the dominant frequency and the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation increased and then decreased. The minimum value of the pressure fluctuation amplitude was at Clocking1, the maximum value of pressure fluctuation amplitude was at Clocking4, and the minimum value was 70% of the maximum. In addition, the structures of pressure fluctuation translate periodically with the sequence of clocking positions. The analysis of unsteady radial hydraulic force on the impeller showed that with increasing clocking position, the value of radial hydraulic force first decreased and then increased, the maximum value was at Clocking4, and the minimum was at Clocking1. The study demonstrates that the guide vane clocking position has the very important impact on centrifugal pump and it provides a reference for the guide vane design in centrifugal pumps.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Clocks
Controlled terms:Centrifugal pumps - Computational fluid dynamics - Efficiency - Impellers - Pressure - Pressure effects
Uncontrolled terms:Blade passing frequency - Clocking effect - External characteristic - Frequency fluctuation - Pressure differences - Pressure fluctuation - Radial hydraulic forces - Transparent organic glass
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20133216587827
Title:Spatial distribution of threshold wind velocity for sand saltation in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of upstream of Yellow River
Authors:Du, Heqiang (1); Xue, Xian (1); Wang, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Corresponding author:Du, H.(dilikexue119@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:210-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Through the Hedong Sandy Land, the Ulanbuh Desert, and the Kubuqi Desert, Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River suffered from serious blown sand hazard. A mass of aeolian sediment deposited in the Yellow River and brought a serious siltation in the Yellow River. It is in urgent need to develop a warning system to reveal the spatial distribution of threshold wind velocity for wind erosion in the watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River. The aim of this research is to provide theoretical guidance to prevent the blown sand hazard in this region. In this research, integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data set and the observations in the study area, the threshold wind velocities of different surfaces were calculated, and spatial distribution of threshold wind velocity for wind erosion in the study area was revealed. Firstly, using a map of NDVI, we calculated the vegetation coverage, frontal area, and roughness length in the study area. Then, the frontal area was used to calculate the threshold friction velocity by the vegetation influence function. With tested calculation method of threshold friction velocity using the observed sand flux data, we found the simulated errors were all small. Based on the truth that the wind profiles above the study area all obeyed logarithmical functions, we estimated the spatial distribution of threshold wind velocity for wind erosion in the watershed of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River. We found that most of the regions that with wind erosion risk were near the Yellow River. At last, this paper proposed a method that using the maximum NDVI in this year to predict the threshold wind velocity based on the relationship between NDIV in the next windy season and maximum that in this year. We hope this research would provide some theoretical advises for predicting the wind erosion hazard in the watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Velocity
Controlled terms:Erosion - Friction - Hazards - Research - Rivers - Sand - Spatial distribution - Vegetation - Watersheds - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Aeolian sediments - Influence functions - Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach - Normalized difference vegetation index datum - Roughness length - Threshold friction velocities - Vegetation coverage - Vegetation index
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.1 Mechanics - 505 Mines and Mining, Nonmetallic - 444.1 Surface Water - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20133216587834
Title:Adding green tea polyphenols enhances antioxidant of chitosan film
Authors:Peng, Yong (1); Li, Yunfei (1); Xiang, Kaixiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (2) Department of Garden Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.(yfli@sjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:269-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Green tea polyphenols, which are extracted from tea and contain catechin, flavones, anthocyan, and phenolic acid, have been generally demonstrated to be powerful antioxidants. The development of antioxidant active packaging materials by the incorporation of tea polyphenols into biocompatible polysaccharide film has aroused significant interest. In order to broaden the application of chitosan film and develop environment-friendly composite film with green tea polyphenols, the effects of green tea polyphenols and plasticizer such as glycerol and polyethylene glycol 200 on the physical, mechanical, antioxidant, and structural properties of the chitosan films were investigated. The composite film-forming solutions were prepared by dispersing chitosan (2%) in an aqueous solution of 1% glacial acetic acid. As for the film, 5 g/L of green tea polyphenols as the active additive, 8 g/L of glycerol and polyethylene glycol 200 as the plasticizer were added into the solutions. Results showed that two kinds of plasticizer had little effect on the apparent viscosity of film-forming solutions without green tea polyphenols. The chitosan/glycerol/ polyethylene glycol (CGP) film had a lower water-vapor permeability (8.84&times;10^-11g/(m&middots&middotPa)) and swelling degree compared with the polyethylene glycol film. However, the tensile strength and puncture strength of polyethylene glycol based-film were significantly higher than those of the film formed by the glycerol. The greatest tensile strength and puncture strength were 31.05 MPa and 19.26 N, respectively, which were observed in the CGP film. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the use of 40% plasticizer (w/w chitosan) caused higher crystallinity, displaying clear diffraction peaks around 2&theta;=11.1&deg; and 17.9&deg; due to the hydrated crystal and anhydrous crystal of chitosan film, respectively. No significant changes were found in film crystallinity between two kinds of plasticizer-based composite film. With the addition of green tea polyphenols, the antioxidant ability of the chitosan composite film was significantly improved, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity reached 83.9% within 5 min. Moreover, the addition of green tea polyphenols significantly decreased the apparent viscosity of film-forming solutions and increased the thickness and color of film. The water vapor permeability of chitosan composite film was significantly decreased, and the lowest value was 3.38&times;10^-11g/(m&middots&middotPa) in chitosan/ polyphenols/glycerol/polyethylene glycol (CTGP) film. Comparing the two plasticizers, green tea polyphenols had a greater impact on the mechanical properties of the glycerol composite film. The elongation at break of CG film decreased significantly from 42.02% to 9.19%. Moreover, the crystal structure of CG film was changed from hydrated and anhydrous state to the amorphous state with the addition of green tea polyphenols. As for the CP film, the addition of green tea polyphenols caused significant changes in water vapor permeability, swelling degree and color. The release of antioxidants from CTP composite film was slower than that from CTG film. In a word, the differences in chitosan composite films were related to the number of hydroxyl groups contained in the plasticizer and the blend ratio of green tea polyphenols. So the blend of plasticizer and green tea polyphenols could be selected to prepare the film according to different specifications. The study results could provide theoretical references for the application of green tea polyphenols composite films.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Amorphous films
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Biocompatibility - Chitosan - Composite films - Crystal structure - Films - Flavonoids - Food products - Glycerol - Hydration  - Mechanical properties - Packaging materials - Plasticizers - Polyethylene glycols - Reinforced plastics - Solvents - Tensile strength - Viscosity - Water vapor
Uncontrolled terms:Active packaging materials - Antioxidant properties - Biocompatible polysaccharides - DPPH radical scavenging activities - Film-forming solutions - Green tea polyphenols - Polyethylene glycol 200 - Water vapor permeability
Classification code:803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 822.3 Food Products - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 462.5 Biomaterials (including synthetics) - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20133216587813
Title:Effects of irrigation amount and stage on yield and water consumption of different winter wheat cultivars
Authors:Huang, Ling (1); Gao, Yang (1); Qiu, Xinqiang (2); Li, Xinqiang (1); Shen, Xiaojun (1); Sun, Jingsheng (1); Gong, Wenjun (3); Duan, Aiwang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. for Crop Water Requirement and its Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China; (2) Henan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (3) Jiaozuo Guangli Irrigation District, Qinyang 454550, China
Corresponding author:Duan, A.(duanaiwang@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:99-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main cereal crop grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Average yields of winter wheat in many countries have increased by 40% over the past five decades due to the development of new cultivars, improvements of crop management practices and changes of favorable climate. However, water shortage is becoming an important factor limiting sustainable winter wheat production in many parts of the world. The greatest challenge for the winter wheat producers is to produce more wheat grain from limited water, and an available way to face the challenge is to improve winter wheat water productivity. Winter wheat water productivity had been significantly improved in the last 25 years, but there is still a big room for improving further. Selecting cultivars with more efficient water use is a key means to reduce water consumption in winter wheat production in the water-scarce regions. A field experiment was carried out during 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012 growing seasons of winter wheat to clarify the variations in water consumption, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE), and their responses to water stress during the process of cultivar replacement in past decades. Seven cultivars of winter wheat released from 1950s to the current, in which each cultivar was once widely planted in north central Henan province during a certain decade, were taken as experimental materials. At the mean time, three irrigation regimes were designed including no irrigation after turning green (W0), irrigation applied only once at jointing (W1), and irrigation applied at jointing, and at filling, respectively (W2), to investigate dynamics of water consumption characteristics, yield components, harvest index, and WUE of winter wheat. Results showed that precipitation and timing of irrigation significantly impacted total water consumption and soil water extraction of winter wheat while different planting decades had insignificant effect on them. 1000-kernel weight during 1990s to the current kept more than 41 g, significantly higher than that during the earlier planting decades. During the 2010 to 2011 and 2011 to 2012 growing seasons, grain yields of winter wheat were increased by 396 and 362 kg/hm², or 58.4% and 41.8% higher than the average yield across 1950s to the present, respectively; similarly, harvest indices were increased by 37.0% and 18.0%, an increase of 0.2 and 0.1 from the previous average indices; WUE was increased by 55.3% and 40.8%, an increase of 0.11 and 0.10 kg/m³, respectively. Improvement of grain yield is mainly attributable to the improved source to sink relationship, boosted 1000-kernel weight, and increased harvest index. Grain yield and WUE are significantly influenced by cultivar &times; soil water interaction, and can be significantly improved by supplemental irrigation applied at jointing and at filling stages of winter wheat.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Cultivation - Harvesting - Irrigation - Moisture - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Soils - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agronomic traits - Grain yield - Water consumption - Water use efficiency - Winter wheat
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20133216587817
Title:Drip irrigation with suitable saline water improves water use efficiency for cotton
Authors:Ma, Lijuan (1); Hou, Zhen'an (1); Min, Wei (1); Duan, Jinbo (1); Hou, Sen (1); Ye, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Corresponding author:Hou, Z.(hzatyl@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:130-138
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The scarcity of fresh water in arid regions makes saline water a valuable alternative water source for irrigation. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of saline water irrigation on growth, yield and water use efficiency of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.), as well as plant and soil ¹⁵N recovery. Three irrigation water salinity levels were designed as 0.35, 4.61 and 8.04 dS/m, representing fresh water (FW), brackish water (BW), and saline water (SW), respectively. Two irrigation amounts were set as 405 mm (I405) and 540 mm (I540) under each irrigation water salinity treatment. Overall, the dry matter weight, N uptake, and yield of cotton increased with irrigation amount increasing from 405 mm to 540 mm, but there were differences under different water salinity treatments. The highest dry matter weight of cotton was found under the BW treatment, which was 9.6% and 20.2% higher than that under the FW and SW treatments, respectively. Plant N uptake and yield under SW treatment was significantly lower than that under FW treatments, but there were no significant difference between the BW and FW treatments. The ET of cotton field increased with irrigation amount increased, but decreased with water salinity increasing from 0.35 dS/mto 4.61 dS/m, and to 8.04 dS/m. BW had the similar ET with FW, but ET was significantly reduced under SW treatment. The water productivity of cotton and the water productivity of irrigation under different treatments ranged from 0.70 to 1.02 kg/m³ and from 0.79 to 1.16 kg/m³, respectively. The water productivity of cotton and the water productivity of irrigation were significantly higher in BW and FW than the SW treatment. The result of ¹⁵N Isotopes tracer experiment showed that the plant ¹⁵N recovery under the I540 treatments was on average 7.51% higher than that under I405 treatments. The soil ¹⁵N recovery was reduced with 13.20% and ¹⁵N leaching percentage was increased with 29.47% when irrigation amount increasing from 405 mm to 540 mm. The plant ¹⁵N recovery under various treatments ranged from 47.02% to 59.86% under different water salinity treatments. The plant ¹⁵N recovery under the SW treatment was 10.17% and 15.23% lower than that under the FW and BW treatments, respectively. The soil ¹⁵N recovery under various treatments ranged from 16.75% to 22.14% and was slightly affected by the water salinity. The total recovery of ¹⁵N in plants and soils under different treatments ranged from 68.9% to 76.6% with an average of 72.2%. The total recovery of ¹⁵N was higher in BW and FW than the SW treatment. The ¹⁵N leaching percentage ranged from 1.56% to 4.71% for different treatments and was significantly affected by the water salinity. The ¹⁵N leaching percentage was significantly higher in SW and BW than the FW treatment, representing 80.53% and 136.00% increase, respectively. Those results suggest that the yield, water use efficiency, and ¹⁵N recovery of cotton are not affected by brackish water with an optimum salinity level and irrigation amount. Saline water irrigation could cause cotton yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly. Nitrogen leaching is one of the major ways of N loss in cotton field under drip irrigation conditions. Saline water and brackish water irrigation may increase the risk of N leaching loss from the root zone. Therefore, minimizing the N leaching loss is very important for promoting N fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field under drip irrigation with saline water.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Arid regions - Cotton - Efficiency - Irrigation - Isotopes - Leaching - Nitrogen - Recovery - Salts  - Soils - Subirrigation - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Alternative water sources - N fertilizer use efficiencies - N recoveries - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Saline water irrigations - Significant differences - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 913.1 Production Engineering - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20133216587831
Title:Mode decision of renovation of rural residential area in post-disaster reconstruction district
Authors:Wang, Xi (1); Wang, Xiuru (1); Xue, Jian (2); Wang, Honglei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center of Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing 100035, China; (3) Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
Corresponding author:Wang, X.(wang-xr@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:245-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In recent years, land supply and demand contradiction is increasingly outstanding in China. The land base of rural residential areas is experiencing a reverse development trend of "population decrease but land increase". The main reason is that the rural residential areas have been in a disordered development state with a chaotic layout for a long time. Under the platform of the new round of land renovation planning, rural settlement remediation is being launched all over the country. Estimation of land-renovation potential and determination of the mode of rural residential areas is an important constituent part of land renovation planning. The study area belongs to the "5.12" earthquake disaster area, an earthquake that caused great damage to residents' production and life. According to the phenomenon that the dumped rural residential area could not be reclaimed timely, the thesis divided the renovation potential of the rural residential area of Mianzhu City into two components: intensive farmer reclamation potential and scattered farmer renovation potential; and the renovation potential estimation of the rural residential area was performed by combining the fact-finding data with the average for each household construction land standard method and regarding the administrative village as the unit. On this basis, 15 typical indexes affecting the renovation mode of the reconstruction area were selected in four aspects as follows: physical geography condition, social and economic conditions, infrastructure conditions, and village development direction. The space analysis function of the geographic information system software ArcGIS was utilized to process the present land-use map, the DEM(digital elevation model)to obtain the quantized values of road conditions and elevation of residential areas; and the land-use alteration data were used to calculate the degree of landscape dispersion. Whether the village was regarded as a central village and whether the village had characteristic tourism culture sites were determined by combining the research on the overall plan of new village contraction with the overall plan of the tourism development of the city area. Meanwhile, combining the statistical yearbook data and the renovation potential of the Mianzhu City, six main component factors were extracted from the 15 quantized indexes by utilizing the main component analysis method in SPSS(Statistical Product and Service Solutions)of the multivariate statistical analysis software. The orientations of the main components were determined respectively based on the load of the main components on each variable; then 155 administrative villages were divided into 3-5 types through an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. Finally, the classification results were compared to obtain 5 kinds of rural residential area renovation modes. The main conclusion is as follows: the renovation potential of the rural residential area of Mianzhu city is 1763.23 hm²; there are 81 villages which are suitable for reformation and improving mode, 15 villages which are suitable for special renovation mode, 16 villages which are suitable for mode of movement and merger of villages, 28 villages which are suitable for gathering and extending mode and 15 villages which are suitable for ecological migration mode. The achievements provide a theoretical support and practice guidance for both the land renovation plan and the decision of the renovation modes of rural residential area in post-disaster reconstruction district.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Housing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cluster analysis - Consolidation - Disasters - Earthquakes - Economics - Geographic information systems - Image reconstruction - Land use - Rural areas  - Surveying
Uncontrolled terms:Mianzhu city - Mode - Post disasters - Potential - Rural residential areas
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 922 Statistical Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723.3 Database Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 484 Seismology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 405.3 Surveying - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20133216587803
Title:Design and test of picking mechanism in 4HJL-2 peanut combines
Authors:Wang, Dongwei (1); Shang, Shuqi (2); Han, Kun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (2) Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Corresponding author:Shang, S.(sqshang@qau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:15-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Researches on the peanut harvesting machinery started very early in Western developed countries, mostly on peanut planting methods for large area. Farm planting patterns, the configuration of the peanut plants are more of a sprawling type, so the fruit is picked mostly by large efficient machinery, which generally adopts the lay-in picking method. The peanut harvest more segmented harvest method, namely using peanut excavator digging first Digging, pave the air, and then use peanut collecting picker to pick up the fruit, so its peanut collecting picker is relatively advanced. This machine adopts the grate comb-type pick fruit system, using the spring tooth comb grate with strike action, catsup basically be stripped clean; This machine uses the spring tooth, required to have larger overlap between moving and fixed tooth. Cleaning mechanism consists of vibrating screen and fan, the utilization level of stirring dragons and air flow in pipeline connecting the vacuum degree, catsup well to set fruit box. After being set fruit box filled with, through the oil cylinder will set fruit box. Our country is a traditional agricultural country, due to some historical reasons, the study of agricultural machinery started relatively late, so peanut picking fruit machine was developed in recent years, and was only applied in some developed areas Most regions still rely on manual picking fruit. Combined domestic research on the feeding type peanut is still in the initial state, the current research on this unit mainly bears the national "11th five-year plan" science and technology plan project "harvest mechanization mining technology research and development and demonstration project" extending stations of Henan agricultural machinery technology, has developed 4 HQL - 120 type full feeding peanut combine; Qingdao agricultural university, this thesis studies is developed 4 HQL - 2 digging combined all pull feeding type peanut combine. Pick fruit of existing devices, look from the principle of picking fruit, mainly by picking fruit components and kernels of mutual impact, friction, comb brush and make the peanut handle fracture, in order to increase the rate of picking fruit and productivity, picking fruit components impact strength increases, but can also make catsup and broken rate and loss rate increased substantially. This paper introduced the development of the latest achievements of rural science and technology projects in the field of national "the twelfth five-year" -the kind of Spiral arc panel mechanism in the 4HJL-2 type Peanuts Picking -up combine Harvest Machine, analyzed the working principle of the innovative design of Fruit-picking of Spiral arc panel mechanism. It determined the picking-fruit stirring dragon length was 168 cm, the picking-fruit stirring dragon rotational speed was 595 r/min and the picking-fruit stirring dragon panel width was 47 cm. Picking fruit body parameters and the test index between the mathematical model was established by experiment, the dynamic balance and the field experiment was also carried out. The results showed that the spiral arc panel effeciency for the peanut picking fruit institution are good at pick fruit. It has many characteristics, such as the fruit-picking rate was very high (up to 99.25%), the broken rate was very low (up to 0.234%), the productivity was also very high (up to 1098.21 kg/h). Through field test in full compliance with the national standards (NY/7502-2002), it fully met the actual production requirement, laid foundation of the development of peanut combined research.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Brushes - Design - Feeding - Harvesting - Mathematical models - Oilseeds - Productivity - Regulatory compliance - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Demonstration project - Developed countries - Mehanisms - Peanut - Production requirements - Science and Technology - Spiral arc panel - Twelfth five years
Classification code:913.1 Production Engineering - 902.3 Legal Aspects - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 408 Structural Design - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20133216587808
Title:Optimization of working parameters for non-thermal plasma reactor
Authors:Shi, Yunxi (1); Cai, Yixi (1); Li, Xiaohua (1); Chen, Yayun (1); Ding, Daowei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Y.(qc001@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:60-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Diesel engines are widely used in the field of industrial and agricultural production and transportation for their good economy and dynamic performance. However, with emission regulation becoming gradually stricter, how to reduce diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions effectively has become a growing concern of people. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) are considered to be the most effective means to reduce emissions of particulate matter, and the key of DPF lies in their regeneration. DPF regeneration is usually divided into two categories: active regeneration and passive regeneration. Active regeneration refers to the combustion of PM directly heated by external energy and the temperature is usually above 650&deg;C. There are many methods of active regeneration, such as electric heating, microwave heating and combustion heating with the injected fuel. But there are many problems of these methods of regeneration, such as energy consumption, high cost and thermal damage of the carrier structure. Passive regeneration means to achieve regeneration by improving exhaust temperature to reach the minimum combustion temperature of the regeneration without the external auxiliary. There are many problems of passive regeneration problem, such as sulfur poisoning of the catalyst and low regeneration efficiency. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology can effectively remove the PM deposited in the DPF and it provides a new method for the DPF regeneration. The oxidation of the active substances produced by NTP reactor is stronger than O<inf>2</inf> and PM can be well oxidized by these active substances. The working parameters of NTP reactor directly affect the concentration of the active substances, so suitable working parameters are conducive to the regeneration of active substances. This article discusses four working parameters of NTP reactor which affect the concentration of the active substances. The four factors are the surface temperature of discharge area, discharge voltage, discharge frequency and air flow. For the multi-factor experiment, orthogonal experimental design is an effective method of scientific experiments where part of the ones can reflect the comprehensive experiments. In this article, an experimental study on the performances of NTP Reactor was conducted, where air as the gas source. The optimal conditions of working parameters for Non-thermal plasma Reactor were determined by orthogonal design. Under the conditions of the concentration of O<inf>3</inf> as the test indicators, the surface temperature of discharge area, discharge voltage, discharge frequency and air flow were optimized. The experiment results were analyzed by range analysis and variance analysis, and the influence of single factor was analyzed. The results revealed that the surface temperature of discharge area and air flow were remarkable factors, while the discharge frequency and discharge voltage had inapparent affection. Lower surface temperature of discharge area and discharge frequency would increase the concentrations of O<inf>3</inf>. With the increasing of air flow rate, the concentrations of O<inf>3</inf> increases first and then decreases. There is no obvious trend of the concentrations of O<inf>3 </inf>with changes in discharge voltage. The effects on the concentration of O<inf>3</inf> were in the order of air flow&gt;surface temperature of discharge area&gt;discharge frequency&gt;discharge voltage. The optimal combination were surface temperature of discharge area: 40&deg;C, discharge voltage: 19kV, discharge frequency: 7 kHz, air flow: 5 L/min. It was proved by the experiment that the optimal combination was reliable and stable. The results obtained in this study has established the foundation for DPF regeneration based on non-thermal plasma technology. These results are of great significance for development of NTP system used to decompose the PM of diesel engines and optimization of DPF regeneration based on NTP Technology.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Electric discharges
Controlled terms:Air - Air filters - Atmospheric temperature - Catalyst poisoning - Catalyst regeneration - Combustion - Diesel engines - Emission control - Energy utilization - Experiments  - Fuel filters - Optimization - Ozone - Plasma applications - Plasmas - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Combustion temperatures - Diesel particulate filters - Diesel particulate matters - Non-thermal plasma reactors - Nonthermal plasma - Orthogonal experimental design - Regeneration efficiency
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20133216587807
Title:Modeling for heat transfer coefficient in indirect-heating tube rotary dryer
Authors:Wu, Jing (1); Li, Xuanyou (3); Chen, Baoming (1); Wang, Ruixue (2); Ma, Xiaoxu (3); Gao, Ling (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China; (2) Shandong Tianli Drying Technology Co. Ltd., Ji'nan 250101, China; (3) Industrial Energy Conservation Research Center of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan 250103, China
Corresponding author:Li, X.(lixuanyou@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:53-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Heat transfer coefficient is one of the most crucial parameters in thermal calculation and design for a tube rotary dryer. The dimension, structure and operating parameters of a suitably designed dryer rely on the accuracy of the employed heat transfer coefficient. Because of the existence of tubes, particles' motion behavior and heat transfer mechanism in a tube rotary dryer are more complicated than in a conventional rotary dryer. So far, there is no reliable heat transfer model to describe the heat transfer process between the tubes' surface and particles in a tube rotary dryer. As a result, the main approach of heat transfer coefficient determination is still an experimental test. The main reason is the insufficiency of understanding on the mechanism of heat transfer between heating tube's surface and particles. Our experimental investigation showed that heat transfer between tubes' surface and particles obeyed different mechanisms in different material cases of fine powder, grain and block. This paper aims at the material case of grain. In this case, the main influence factor on heat transfer was the gas film on the surface of tubes. Based on the analysis of heat transfer mechanism, this paper redeemed that heat transfer between tubes surface and particles consisted of heat convection between tubes and gas film, heat conduction between gas film and particles, and, heat radiation between tubes surface and particles. By experimenting on traces of particle layer expansion in the dryer, the influence of particle on the gas boundary layer on tube surface was also investigated. Finally, a mathematical model was carried out for the prediction of heat transfer coefficient between tubes surface and particles. In order to validate the developed model, a series of experimental tests were performed. Ceramic spherical grains with a diameter of 2mm were used as testing particles. 6 heat transfer coefficients corresponding to 6 rotational speeds were carried out. Comparison of the experimental results and predictions showed that the maximum relative error (e<inf>max</inf>) was -12.14%, while the minimum error (e<inf>min</inf>) was -9.78%. According to the engineering design experience, the model was able to well meet engineering requirements, and offer guidance for drying process calculation. The results also showed that the fraction of radiation heat transferred from tubes' surface to particles was nearly as high as 8% of the total heat transfer. While, in case of this experiment, the temperature of heating tubes' surface was only in the range of 75~85&deg;C. As a result, the heat radiation transferred to particles should be taken into consideration of the model, because in practice, the tubes' surface temperature can be at a relative high level (generally 150-300&deg;C). The error analysis showed that, disregarded insufficient study of the thickness determination of gas boundary layer on the tube surface, the model still brought a fixed error at a level of about 10%. However, as our investigation went on, more understanding on performances of boundary layer and motion behavior of particles and gas media were to be obtained and, a more accurate heat transfer coefficient model for tube rotary dryer would be hopefully carried out.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Tubes (components)
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Boundary layers - Dryers (equipment) - Drying - Heat radiation - Heat transfer - Heat transfer coefficients - Mathematical models - Surfaces
Uncontrolled terms:Different mechanisms - Experimental investigations - Heat transfer mechanism - Heat transfer process - Maximum relative errors - Rotary dryers - Thickness determination - Transfer coefficient
Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 921 Mathematics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 951 Materials Science - 642.1 Process Heating - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.2 Heat Transfer
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20133216587804
Title:Design and motion simulation of opener with bidirectional parallelogram linkage profiling mechanism on wheat seeder
Authors:Zhao, Shuhong (1); Jiang, Enchen (1); Yan, Yixun (3); Yang, Yueqian (1); Tian, Bailiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) College of Engineering, Huanan Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Coke Oven Vehicles Equipment Limited Company, Dalian 116052, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, E.(ecjiang@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:26-32
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Heilongjiang province is located between north latitude 43&deg;25&prime;~53&deg;33&prime; and east longitude 121&deg;11&prime;~135&deg;5&prime;. There is one ripe area in a year at lower temperature, therefore the soil is ridged. In order to meet the wintering requirements for winter wheat, the seed must be sowed in late August and early September. As the previous crop is still growing, winter wheat is sowed at both sides in the furrow. In order to protect the growing crops on the ridge, parallelogram linkage mechanism must simultaneously achieve upper and lower, left and right profiling. Existing parallelogram linkage mechanism had achieved up-and-down profiling, so bidirectional parallelogram linkage profiling mechanism was designed, which consisted of the frame, latitudinal profiling bar, longitudinal profiling bar, and limiting rack. Latitudinal profiling bar was mounted in a sleeve of the frame and it could rotate relative to the sleeve. Latitudinal profiling bar connected longitudinal profiling bar through the connector, and they could not move separately, but could only rotate relatively to the frame as a whole. The longitudinal profiling bar rotated relative to the connector. The rotating angles of latitudinal profiling bar and longitudinal profiling bar were limited respectively by limit rack which was installed in the monomer beam. When the seeder was operating, latitudinal profiling bar rotated relative to the sleeve and longitudinal profiling bar rotated with it, so the seeder monomer achieved up and down profiling. When the longitudinal profiling bar contacted the horizontal beam of limit rack, the rotation was stopped. In this case, the seeder monomer reached the limited location of upper and lower profiling; longitudinal profiling bar rotated relative to the connector at the same time, the seeder monomer achieved left and right profiling. When longitudinal profiling bar contacted the vertical beam of limiting rack, the movement would be stopped. In this case, the seeder monomer reached the maximum of left and right profiling. The profiling performance parameters were determined through force analysis. According to the initial angle and maximum of lower profiling, the parallelogram linkage ' length was 386.37 mm and maximum of upper profiling was 98.35mm. The left and right profiling angle was 15&deg; when left and right profiling reached their maximum. Then the motion simulation analyzed profiling mechanism with CATIA. The results indicated that simulation trajectory was close to real field situation. Maximum of upper and lower profiling reached 85 mm respectively and the left and right profiling reached 100 mm. The parallelogram linkage mechanism has the advantages of simple structure and better profiling results. The realization of this mechanism has an important significance for the research of winter wheat no-tillage seeder.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cultivation - Design - Mechanisms - Monomers - Rotation
Uncontrolled terms:Bidirectional profiling - Linkage mechanism - Lower temperatures - Motion simulations - No-tillage seeders - North latitudes - Performance parameters - Simple structures
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.3 Mechanisms - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20133216587826
Title:Establishment of integrative circular agro-ecology system for multiple agricultural industries in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors:Xiong, Wei (1); Wang, Jiuchen (2); Tang, Wenzhi (3); Kong, Wenbin (1); Zeng, Zhuohua (1); Ouyang, Jian (3); Liu, Ming (3); Wang, Guohua (3); Huang, Ming (4); Xiong, Diwen (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China; (2) Department of Agro-Ecology and Resource Protection Station, Beijing 100125, China; (3) Chongqing Agriculture Committee, Chongqing 401121, China; (4) Wushan Cash Crop Management Station, Chongqing 404700, China; (5) Software College of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Corresponding author:Tang, W.(tangwzl008@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:203-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The arable land per capita among the rural migrants located in the Three Gorges Reservoirs Area is only about 386.7 m². The contradiction between people and their land is severe. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, the water flow and the self-purification ability of the Yangtze River got slowed and declined which resulted in an overmuch growth of the green algae in main tributaries of the Yangtze River. Besides, to meet the electricity generation need in the dry winter or spring, and to prevent the deluge in the rainy summer, the Three Gorges Reservoir impound in the winter and spring, disembogue in the summer. Owing to this, the hydro-fluctuation belt along the river always outcrop into land in the hot and humid rainy summer, hence the hydro-fluctuation belt fail to intercept, absorb and filtrate the agricultural surface source pollution, which cause the increased pollution in the Yangtze River. The contradiction of the economic development and the environmental protection is severe. This research considered the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the hydro-fluctuation area and the ecological barriers area as an entirety, and combined the specialty agriculture industries, such as: citrus, livestock and fishing industry with the newly developed agricultural technologies, like the orange residue self-drying and high temperature fermentation under aerobic environment technology along with its dedicated organic fertilizers, the biogas slurry pipeline irrigation fertilization integrated device, citrus nutrition diagnosis testing fertilization technology and the new variety of submergence-tolerant pasture, on the basis of the principles of ecological agriculture and recycling economy. A recycling agriculture ecosystems demonstration area was built in the Dachang town, Wushan county, the hinterland of the Three Groges. Relying on the greening the Yangtze River citrus belt project, the hydro-fluctuation belt management project and forced removal of the cage fish culture facilities along the river project, we build three ecological economic zones which are reservoir bank citrus plantations, hydro-fluctuation belt wetland pastures and natural fishery around the reservoir bank to develop specialty industry economy. In this project we integrated "pig-biogas-fruit-residue-feed", "fruit-residue-fertilizer", "livestock-biogas-fruit-grass" and water cycle, developing a new four-chain crossed recycling economy networking mode, and an anti-season hydro-fluctuation area ecologically recycling agriculture progression mode. By using the farming manure as the fertilizer and the irrigation water of the citrus, and using the waste of citrus processing or hydro-fluctuation belt pasture as the feedings of the livestock, we established a system that using the waste of the previous level as the production resource in current level. Due to this system we set up a citrus, pigs, grazing livestock, Yangtze fish and other specialty industrial that industrial symbiosis, coupling elements, the overall recycling and comprehensive utilization of industrial ecological chain in the very area. Also by building biogas project, citrus barrier forest, cut flood engineering, wetland pastures and fishery as 5-layer intercept network, we can block, absorb and digest the area source pollution. With this project we are able to increase the vegetation coverage of the reservoir bank, the income of the migrants and protect the environment of the Three Gorges Reservoirs Area. The established specialty recycling agriculture ecological demonstration area in Dachang Lake, Wushan county will cover the core area of 135 hm². The 2 km long hydro-fluctuation area will be fully covered by the pasture and the cover ratio of the forest will be over 80 percent. The whole area will be fully covered by plants, and those wastes like farming excrement, waste straw, citrus residue will be completely reutilized and achieve the accomplishment of zero emission. Besides, the citrus yield in the demonstration area will be about 30 tons each hectare and the yield of pasture will be about 33 tons each hectare, which means that the output value per hectare will be over 150, 000 Yuan. This area is showing the possibility that increasing the migrants' income and purifying the Yangtze River synchronously.
Number of references:30
Main heading:River pollution
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algae - Biogas - Demonstrations - Economics - Ecosystems - Environmental protection - Fertilizers - Fisheries - Forestry  - Fruits - Industry - Irrigation - Network layers - Pollution - Project management - Purification - Reservoir management - Reservoirs (water) - Thermal processing (foods)  - Water recycling - Water supply - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural industries - Agricultural technologies - Agriculture ecosystems - Comprehensive utilizations - Ecological agricultures - Electricity generation - Three gorges reservoir - Three gorges reservoir area
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.2 Education - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 971 Social Sciences - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 441.2 Reservoirs - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 471.5 Sea as Source of Minerals and Food - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 522 Gas Fuels - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20133216587818
Title:Assessing agricultural drought disaster risk in Chengde city using stochastic method
Authors:Xu, Kai (1); Xu, Xiangyu (1); Li, Aihua (2); Yang, Dawen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (2) Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, China
Corresponding author:Xu, X.(xuxy12@tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:139-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Drought is one of the widespread natural disasters affecting agricultural production, and causes the uncertainty and vulnerability to food security in the world. While rising temperature and less precipitation have contributed to increasing drought, increases in the intensity, duration and area of each drought event have been observed. Therefore, it is of guiding significance to evaluate agricultural drought risk. There are two common methods used for drought disaster risk assessment. One is the fuzzy evaluation method, which is commonly used even though it is weak of objectivity and facticity. Another is the statistical analysis method, which is seldom used in drought disaster risk evaluation due to the data limit. In order to give a quantitative assessment of agriculture drought, this study proposed two statistical analysis methods for drought disaster risk assessment. The first one is the probability distribution curve of drought loss. This method is based on the assumption that drought loss is a random variable and has the same probability distribution as the drought event. The second one is the regression curve between the drought loss and the drought probability, which implies that a regression relationship exists between the scale of the drought event and drought loss. The two methods were applied to the agricultural drought disaster risk assessment in the upper Luan River basin within the administrative boundary of the Chengde city, Hebei Province. Firstly, the annual crop yield loss rate caused by drought was estimated from the historical drought disaster data from 1990 to 2007. The probability distribution curve of the crop yield loss rate was gained by the frequency analysis. Secondly, the agricultural droughts were detected from the long-term soil moisture data, represented by the soil moisture of the top 50 cm soil layers over the agricultural land, which was simulated by the GBHM (Geomorphology-Based Hydrological Model). The probability of each agricultural drought event was calculated using the time series of monthly soil moisture storage anomaly. The logarithmic function was used to fit the regression curve of crop yield loss rate and the exceedance probability of drought. Finally, the regional agricultural drought disaster risk map was represented by the expected yield loss rate calculated by the two methods. In the risk map, the agricultural drought disaster risk was classified into 5 levels. It was found that the results of the two methods showed good consistency. The agricultural drought disaster risk increasing from the downstream to the upstream, and the drought caused crop yield loss rate ranged from 7% to 15% in the study region. The rationality and the reliability of the two methods were also discussed in this paper. From this study it can be seen that drought disaster risk analysis based on the historical data is practically useful. It is necessary to take human's resilience to drought disaster into account for the drought disaster risk assessment.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Disasters - Food supply - Maps - Probability distributions - Regression analysis - Risk assessment - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drought - Agricultural drought disasters - Agricultural productions - Fuzzy evaluation method - Quantitative assessments - Regression relationship - Statistical analysis methods - Yield loss
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 484 Seismology - 444 Water Resources - 404.2 Civil Defense - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20133216587832
Title:Temperature characteristic and inhibition effect on insect pest in grain storehouse based on heat pipe technology
Authors:Xiu, Fanglong (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Wang, Shiqing (1); Li, Baohua (1); Jiang, Wenli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Food Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (2) Qingdao Key Lab. of Modern Agricultural Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China; (3) Qingdao No.2 Municipal Grain Reserve, Qingdao 266112, China
Corresponding author:Wang, S.(wangshiqing@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:256-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To solve problems occurring in grain storage such as high-energy consumption, uncontrollable insect pests, and serious pesticide pollution, a heated, pipe-based grain storehouse utilizing natural cold resources was developed. The heated pipe-based grain storehouse is composed of a storehouse, heat pipe, and temperature monitoring system. The working substance in the evaporation section of the heat pipe absorbs heat from the grain, gasifies it, and then releases the heat via heat an exchange with cold air in the condensation section of the heat pipe. The liquefied working substance then flows back to the evaporation section via gravity. An automatic cycle is accomplished in this manner. The natural coldness resource is continuously transferred and stored in the grain, and low temperature grain storage is achieved. In this study, from December 2011 to November 2012, the distribution and variation of the temperature of grain storehouses were measured and analyzed. The insect pest inhibition effect was also studied. Results showed that the heat pipe was in operation for 91 day, in which the temperature was 2.2&deg;C lower than that of traditional grain storehouses, and the average wheat temperature of the heat pipe-based grain storehouse decreased to 0&deg;C within 19 days, reaching the minimum of -3.17&deg;C. In this period, its heat exchange was 50.95 MJ and the cooling rate was 0.28&deg;C/d, which were respectively 31.62% and 47.37% higher than that of conventional grain storehouses. Natural cold resources more rapidly transferred into the heat pipe-based grain storehouse. The average wheat temperature of the heat pipe-based grain storehouse had been below 15&deg;C before May 2012, in accordance with the widely accepted temperature requirement for low temperature grain storage. The occurrence of insect pests in the heat pipe-based storehouse was delayed and the insect pest density was lowered. Thus, the insect control effect was significant. In addition, no moisture condensation or mildew occurred during the experimental period. In summer, the average wheat temperature of heat pipe-based grain storehouses was 2&deg;C lower than that of traditional storehouses. Heat pipe technology proved to be applicable and efficient in grain storage in temperate and cold regions. With low energy consumption, low cost, high cooling rate, and good insect pest control effect, the storehouse could remarkably maintain grain quality in an environmentally friendly way. Considering the high surface area of grain storehouses in this research, the cooling effect and reserved cold resources could be greater when put into practice in large grain storehouses. This research provides the theoretical foundation and technical support for the practical application of heat pipe technology in large grain storehouses.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Condensation - Cooling - Energy utilization - Evaporation - Heat pipes - Pest control - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Environmentally-friendly - Grain storage - Low energy consumption - Moisture condensation - Natural coldness resource - Temperature characteristic - Temperature monitoring - Theoretical foundations
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 694.4 Storage - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 525.3 Energy Utilization
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20133216587822
Title:Recognition of weed in corn field based on supervised locally linear embedding algorithm
Authors:Yan, Qing (1); Liang, Dong (1); Zhang, Dongyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) School of Electronical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, D.(hello-lion@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:171-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Large-scale pesticide spraying will raise costs in agriculture and will cause environmental pollution. In order to realize quantitative and directional spraying, weed identification using image-processing technology is one of the focus problems in the precision-agriculture field. The foundation of automated identification is feature extraction. Because the dimensions of the feature are usually very high, before identification the dimensions must be reduced. The performance of any dimension-reduction method will directly affect the recognition results. The traditional dimension reduction method is a linear method, so it is very difficult to grasp the nonlinear nature of the original data. Locally linear embedding (LLE) is one kind of emerging manifold method. Compared with the traditional method, it is a nonlinear method, but it still has some limitations. The locally linear embedding is essentially an unsupervised method, and it cannot utilize the category information of the train samples. The traditional locally linear embedding method has defects in dealing with the classification problem, so the recognition accuracy is not satisfactory. In order to overcome this defects above, a supervised locally linear embedding method based on Fisher projection (FS-LLE) was chosen to reduce the feature dimension. The samples are projected by Fisher transformation first. Then, the projection coordinates are obtained, and projection distances are computed. The Euclidean distance is used to select the sample points' neighbors in the traditional locally linear embedding. Compared with the Euclidean distance, the Fisher projection distances can characterize the category attributes between different types of samples, so it is chosen to determine the neighborhood structure. In order to verify the effectiveness of this dimension reduction method, the experiment is designed as follows. The weed images are collected from the field, and the grayscale features are obtained. The influence of land background is excluded by super green characteristics at first, then the individual green plant region is selected by a morphological method. The gray scale data ensemble of each region is the feature whose dimension will be reduced. For comparison, dimension reduction was accomplished by PCA (principal component analysis), LLE (locally linear embedding), WLLE (weighted locally linear embedding) and FS-LLE (supervised locally linear embedding based on the Fisher projection), respectively. Through second visual dimension reduction results, it can be found clearly that the FS-LLE method achieves better low-dimensional data-clustering effects. This illustrates that the method proposed in this article finds the samples' intrinsic class features at the same time it reduces feature dimension. This virtue is more conducive to solve identification problems. At last the task of classification for recognition is fulfilled by the support vector machine. Further comparison and analysis of the identification results obtained by different dimension reduction methods, the average recognition rate of corn of this method reaches 97.2%, while the average recognition rates of PCA, LLE, and WLLE were 70.1%, 77.1% and 86.8%, respectively. In the same way, the average recognition rate of weed of this method reaches 77.8%, while the average recognition rates of PCA, LLE, and WLLE were 38.4%, 61.2% and 60.4%, respectively. Therefore, the method proposed by this article is a significant improvement over the other traditional methods. This result also shows that the method has certain advantages in solving the classification problem.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Problem solving
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algorithms - Defects - Face recognition - Feature extraction - Identification (control systems) - Image processing - Principal component analysis - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Automated identification - Comparison and analysis - Dimension reduction method - Environmental pollutions - Locally linear embedding - PCA (principal component analysis) - Supervised LLE - Supervised locally linear embedding
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20133216587819
Title:Effect of takyr solonetzs on vegetation canopy spectral characteristics and growth prediction
Authors:Zhang, Junhua (1); Jia, Keli (2); Li, Ming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The Applied Research and Development Center for New Technology of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (2) The Resource and Environment College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.(zhangjunhua728@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:147-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to quantify the effect of takyr solonetzs on canopy spectral of above vegetation (sunflower) via unifying soil background, the characteristics of canopy spectral, the relationship of spectral reflectance with SPAD value and leaf area index (LAI) were analyzed during five typical growth stages. Then, models for SPAD value and LAI prediction were established based on canopy spectral reflectance of sunflower and soil background pH value. The results showed that the tendency of SPAD value was similar to LAI of sunflower. There were increased then decreased with the advance of growth stages; they were the maximum value at budding stage and anthesis stage, respectively. Canopy spectral reflectance of sunflower in strongly alkaline soil were higher in the visible light and lower in near infrared region than reflectance of sunflower in slightly and moderately soil. Canopy spectral reflectance of sunflower at 3-leaves stage decreased by 0.10 at the wavelength of 400-520 nm and 1027-1130 nm when the soil was covered with black cloth compared to its natural conditions; meanwhile, the reflectance decreased by 0.18 at 521-1026 nm. The reflectance at other growth stages decreased in visible-light range and increased in near-infrared when the soil was covered in contrast with its natural conditions (the canopy reflectance increased by 0.059 in 720-1050 nm and its amplification was 11.29% at 7-leaves stage). The spectral reflectance of sunflower at the natural state showed a positive correlation with the SPAD value and LAI at 3-leaves stage, and the average correlation coefficients between the reflectance and SPAD value, LAI were 0.68 and 0.47, respectively. Anthesis and filling stages were same as 3-leaves stage. The average correlation coefficients between the spectral reflectance at other stages and two agronomy parameters in visible range were -0.27 and -0.52 in visible range, and the average correlation coefficients between them were 0.53 and 0.69 in near-infrared, respectively, the correlation coefficients between them were maximum values in near-infrared at budding stage. When soil was covered, the correlation coefficient was comparatively higher than its natural condition. The minimum and maximum values of determination coefficients of the models for SPAD value and LAI were predicted based on canopy spectral appeared at 3-leaves and budding stages, respectively. The effect of polynomial equations of SPAD value and LAI predicted were better than other equations at large, however, exponent and power equations of LAI predicted were the best at 3-leaves, 7-leaves and anthesis stage. The models had higher precision and capacity of predicting at all growth stage (RSPAD were 0.61-0.88, RLAI were 0.72-0.92) except 3-leaves stage. Therefore, models involved with pH value could effectively reduce the interference of soil background on the prediction of SPAD value and LAI of sunflower.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Reflection
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Growth (materials) - Infrared devices - Interference suppression - pH - Polynomials - Soils - Spectrum analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Average correlation coefficients - Canopy spectral reflectance - Determination coefficients - LAI - Predict - SPAD value - Spectral characteristics - Takyr solonetzs
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921.1 Algebra - 951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20133216587810
Title:Analysis of shimmy characteristic based on temperature effects and steering linkage clearance for vehicle
Authors:Lu, Jianwei (1); Xu, Yi (1); Wang, Xixin (1); Theodossiades, Stephanos (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (2) Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE113TU, United Kingdom
Corresponding author:Lu, J.(jwlu75@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:74-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Vehicles work in outdoor environments to deliver goods or people, while the ambient temperature varies in different seasons or different regions. Since the process parameters of the kinetic pair in vehicle steering mechanisms are usually designed based on the domestic temperature of 20&deg;C, the temperature variation usually leads to mechanical deformation of components of kinetic pairs in vehicle steering mechanisms, and as a result, the deformation of the components may change the kinetic and dynamic characters of the kinetic pair. Consequently, the dynamic response of the steering system may vary if the vehicle is exposed to different temperature working conditions. As a result, the dynamic behavior of the vehicle shimmy system may be influenced by the temperature effect. Actually, some cases have been reported that the dynamic response of the steering system of certain vehicles varied in different seasons or in different regions. To evaluate the influence of temperature effects on the dynamic response of the vehicle shimmy system with clearance in the steering mechanism, and to prevent the potential deviation of the dynamic response of the steering system from its original design goal, the dynamic behavior of the vehicle shimmy system with clearance in steering linkage with consideration of temperature effect is discussed. Based on thermal elasticity, thermal deformation of kinetic pair components is calculated, and the influence of temperature effects on clearance of revolute kinetic pair was analyzed. As a result, interaction forces between the kinetic pair components with consideration of temperature effect is re-evaluated, and the sub dynamic model of the kinetic pair with clearance with consideration of temperature effect is available. Consequently, a vehicle with dependent suspension was employed as an example, and the dynamic model of the vehicle shimmy system with clearance in steering linkage with consideration of temperature effect is presented. Based on this model, the dynamic behavior of the vehicle shimmy system with clearance with consideration of temperature effects was discussed. Bifurcation characteristics and initial value characteristics of the system were analyzed with numerical examples, and the coupling influences of the temperature and other system parameters, such as vehicle speed, etc, on the global dynamic behavior of the vehicle shimmy system were evaluated. The results show that the temperature and other parameters can make a significant coupling contribution to the dynamic response of the vehicle shimmy system. The change of ambient temperature may lead to significant variation of the dynamic behavior of the system, and it seems that the influence is likely to be more significant at a higher speed range than that at lower speed range. For those examples presented in the paper, the dynamic behavior of the system is significantly affected by temperatures in the speed range 85km/h~110km/h, while it remains stable in lower speed ranges. The method and conclusions presented in this paper may provide theoretical basis for improvement of a vehicle shimmy control with consideration of temperature effect, and they are helpful to perfect the modeling theory of vehicle shimmy system.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Automobile steering equipment
Controlled terms:Deformation - Dynamic models - Dynamic response - Dynamics - Elasticity - Kinetics - Mechanisms - Speed - Steering - Temperature  - Thermal effects - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Clearance - Dependent suspension - Global dynamic behavior - Mechanical deformation - Outdoor environment - Shimmy - Steering mechanisms - Temperature variation
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.1 Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 921 Mathematics - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 601.3 Mechanisms - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 432 Highway Transportation - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 408.1 Structural Design, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20133216587823
Title:Method of short-term load forecasting based on mean generating function-optimal subset regression
Authors:Dou, Zhenhai (1); Yang, Rengang (1); Jiao, Jiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100081, China; (2) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255091, China
Corresponding author:Yang, R.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:178-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Power load forecasting can be divided into long-term prediction, medium-term prediction, short-term prediction and ultra short-term prediction, according to different time horizons of sample sequences. If sample sequences are different, their statistical characteristics are different. Therefore, we should adopt different forecast methods and models in this prediction process. This paper mainly discusses short-term load forecasting. Power system short-term load sample sequences not only have the characteristics of tendency and periodicity, but it also fluctuates greatly, making it difficult to forecast. In the current forecast models, there are some drawbacks, and the accuracy of fitting is not good. In order to improve the accuracy of short-term prediction, this paper established the Optimal Subset Regression (OSR) model for prediction based on the Mean Generating Function (MGF) sequence. MGF adopts m (m=INT(n/2)) different cycles to extract sample data from the original sample sequence, and x(n) to calculate their averages to get the new sequence. Then they are repeatedly extended to the length of the original sample sequence and we can get n&times;m matrix F<inf>n&times;m</inf> called Mean Generating Function matrix. Each column vector f<inf>l</inf>⁽⁰⁾(t) of F<inf>n&times;m</inf> can be used as a regression predictor of the original sample sequence. Furthermore, in order to fit the high frequency component of the original sample sequence, we make twice-differencing operations of original sample sequences so that we can achieve the effect of high-pass filtering. The first-order difference sequence of x(n) is x⁽¹⁾(n-1) and the second-order difference sequence is x⁽²⁾(n-2). We can get f<inf>l</inf>⁽¹⁾(t) and f<inf>l</inf>⁽²⁾(t) by calculating the MGF extended sequence of x⁽¹⁾(n-1) and x⁽²⁾(n-2) respectively, then generating accumulation extended sequence f<inf>l</inf>⁽³⁾(t) by using f<inf>l</inf>⁽¹⁾(t), so we can get about 4m MGF extended sequence f<inf>l</inf>⁽⁰⁾(t), f<inf>l</inf>⁽¹⁾(t), f<inf>l</inf>⁽²⁾(t) and f<inf>l</inf>⁽³⁾(t) (l=1, 2, &mellip;, m). In order to reduce the calculation work, we use all the predictors for roughing, using the sample sequence for simple regression. According to the couple score criterion (CSC), we can get the CSC value of simple regression. Then we make &chi;² test and keep qualified predictors, which, with bigger CSC values, are about 1/6 of the original predictors. We take these qualified predictors for free combination, generating 2^p-1 subsets, and using these subsets for regression calculation. Then we calculate again the CSC value of the regression result, and select the subset with the maximum CSC value-the optimal subset using as prediction regression equation. According to the requirements of the prediction length, we extend the length of predictive factors of the optimal subset, substituting the extension value into the regression equation, so we can get the forecast results. This paper takes a certain area in northern China as an example and uses hourly load values as the sample sequence, using the above algorithm to forecast four-hour-ahead load values. In this case, we got a total of 45 predictors, then 8 predictors by roughing, and generated 255 subsets. By regression calculation, we determined the optimal subset regression equation. By using the equation, we calculated the fitting value average error at 2.41%. According to the above method extending predictors, we identified the prediction value by regression calculation. The prediction average error is only 4.24%. Compared with principal component analysis of mean generating function model and grey model, the maximum error of prediction model was reduced by 10% or so.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Forecasting
Controlled terms:Electric load forecasting - Electric power systems - Loading - Mathematical models - Optimization - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis - Set theory
Uncontrolled terms:High frequency components - Load forecasting - Mean generating functions - Mean generating functions (MGF) - Optimal subset regressions (OSR) - Power load forecasting - Short term load forecasting - Statistical characteristics
Classification code:672 Naval Vessels - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20133216587811
Title:Spatial pattern of crop water sensitive coefficient in Haihe Basin
Authors:Li, Xiaojuan (1); Tong, Ling (1); Kang, Shaozhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Tong, L.(tongling2001@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:82-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The crop water production function is of importance to water resource planners. The crop water sensitivity coefficient in this study is derived from the seasonal empirical model presented by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979). The coefficient is also known as yield response factor (K<inf>y</inf>), which is an important basis for implementing efficient irrigation and optimal water allocation. Significant disparities in K<inf>y</inf> are well documented on spatial scales. Although many related results for K<inf>y</inf> under the condition of specific water management have been reported in previous literature, most of the studies have been focused on the value of K<inf>y</inf> at an individual site, and few on its spatial variation or spatial patterns. This paper begins to study based on above problem. Therefore, this research has important theoretical significance and practical value. After determining the K<inf>y</inf> values at the municipal level in the Haihe Basin, spatial statistical methods and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) were implemented to examine the spatial pattern of K<inf>y</inf> for winter wheat. Moran's I coefficient was used to study the global spatial autocorrelation, while Moran scatterplots and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) maps were used to study the local spatial autocorrelation of K<inf>y</inf>. In addition, Moran's I values under different spatial directions were calculated to analyze spatial autocorrelation features in various directions including east-west (E-W), northeast-southwest (NE-SW), south-north (S-N) and southeast-northwest (SE-NW). Results showed that the K<inf>y</inf> of winter wheat indicated an increasing trend from the western and northern mountainous region to the eastern plain in the basin, with values in the range 0.749~1.668. The global Moran's I values for dry, average, and wet typical growing seasons were 0.6009, 0.6058, 0.6077, respectively, and all with statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.0001). This presents strong evidence of generalized, spatial autocorrelation between K<inf>y</inf> at the global scale. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that K<inf>y</inf> had a high-high (H-H) cluster in the eastern plain area including Beijing, Tianjin, etc., versus a low-low (L-L) cluster in the northern and western regions such as Chengde, Qinhuangdao, and Datong. Low-high (L-H) and high-low (H-L) clusters appeared to be rare. In addition, the total area in H-H and L-L clusters accounted for 80% of Haihe Basin, half of which exhibited statistical significance (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, the degree of spatial autocorrelation of Ky diminished with the increasing of distance at each and every direction was accordance in trend, and the autocorrelation coefficient approached zero at a distance of 240~280 km. The NE-SW direction played a dominant role in spatial autocorrelation. In summary, the eastern plain area represents a "highly sensitive core region", diverging and decreasing gradually towards the western and northern mountains, forming a "core-periphery" spatial pattern. The research results could present some references valuable for water-saving irrigation and water resources optimal allocation in the Haihe Basin and provide effective clues for further study in other areas.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Spatial variables measurement
Controlled terms:Autocorrelation - Crops - Optimization - Water management - Water resources - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Autocorrelation coefficient - Crop water production function - ESDA - Exploratory spatial data analysis - Spatial autocorrelation analysis - Spatial variables - Statistically significant difference - Water sensitive
Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 922 Statistical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20133216587814
Title:Effect of irrigation amount and stage on yield and quality of winter wheat under wide-precision planting pattern
Authors:Han, Huifang (1); Zhao, Dandan (3); Shen, Jiayin (3); Lang, Kun (3); Liu, Quanru (3); Li, Quanqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453003, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Lab. of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement of Min. of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Q.(quanqili@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:109-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The limited water resources in the North China Plain have compelled the farming community to implement water-saving measures. In order to discuss saving-water planting pattern of winter wheat in the North China Plain during 2010-2011 winter wheat growing season at the Agronomy Station of Shandong Agricultural University. A split-plot design was applied with 2 planting patterns, i.e., wide-precision planting pattern and conventional-cultivation planting pattern, in the main plots, and 3 different irrigation regimes, i.e., 60 mm irrigated at jointing and heading stages, irrigated 60 mm only at jointing stage, and non-irrigation in the whole growing season, to study the effects of planting pattern and irrigation on grain yield and yield components, protein yield, protein content, gluten index, wet gluten content, sedimentation volumes, water absorption, dough development time, and dough stability time, etc. The results showed that wide-precision planting pattern significantly increased winter wheat grain yield, which was attributed to increasing spike numbers significantly. Under the conditions of irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, the increase production potential in wide-precision planting pattern was much better than that in conventional-cultivation planting pattern. Conventional-cultivation planting pattern increased grain protein content; however, no matter irrigated 60 mm only at jointing stage or irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, the protein yield in wide-precision planting pattern was much higher than that in conventional-cultivation planting pattern. 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in wide-precision planting pattern, the gluten index and wet gluten content were significantly higher than those in non-irrigation or only irrigated 60 mm at jointing stage; however, 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in conventional-cultivation planting pattern, the gluten index and wet gluten content were significantly lower than those in non-irrigation or only 60 mm irrigated at jointing stage. 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in wide-precision planting pattern, the sedimentation volumes was significantly lower than those in non-irrigation or irrigated 60 mm only at jointing stage; hence, under deficit irrigation conditions, wide-precision planting pattern could improve processing quality of winter wheat grain yield. Compared with conventional-cultivation planting pattern, wide-precision planting which irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages significantly increased water absorption. The results indicated that 60 mm irrigated each at jointing and heading stages in wide-precision planting pattern achieved reasonable winter wheat grain yield and yield quality; hence, in the North China Plain, application of conventional-cultivation planting pattern should be restricted. Instead, wide-precision planting pattern should be used in combination with deficit irrigation to increase winter wheat grain yield and improve yield quality. The study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for water-saving agriculture and high yield and high quality winter wheat cultivation in the North China Plain.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Crops - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Moisture - Proteins - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Grain protein contents - Grain quality - Grain yield - Increase productions - Water-saving agricultures - Water-saving measures - Wide-precision planting - Winter wheat
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20133216587820
Title:Monitoring spatial distribution of armyworm disaster on maize with multi-temporal HJ-CCD images
Authors:Yang, Fentuan (1); Gu, Xiaohe (2); Li, Gang (3); Cao, Qingjun (3); Jiang, Xiaoli (3); Wang, Jihua (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (4) Beijing Research Center for Agri-Food Testing and Farmland Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(wangjh@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:156-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Insect infestation is one of the major biological disasters in crop production. To identify an insect-damaged area and to obtain its spatial distribution are important for agricultural disaster monitoring. These data are usually obtained through field investigation, collation, and summary. As an alternative, the remote sensing of insect infestation has advantages of large range, time savings, labor savings, and high speed. In summer of 2012, an outbreak of oriental armyworm (Mythimna seperata Walker) occurred in a vast area of northeast China. In order to examine the potential of remote sensing technique in monitoring such a migratory, fulminant, and devastating agricultural pest, several data processing and analysis procedures were carried out to assess the spatial distribution of oriental armyworm and its severity level, as follows. 1)Cornfield acreage was extracted in the study area using a decision tree classifier based on NDVI and single-band reflectance that was derived from multi-temporal HJ-1A/1B CCD images over the growing season of maize. 2) Based on field measurements, the pest severity level was associated with leaf biomass from several ground agronomic parameters; the aim was to find a certain remote sensing variable and its quantitative model with the ground agronomic parameter to monitor the oriental armyworm disaster severity level. 3) The relationship between vegetation indices that were derived from three temporal HJ-CCD satellite images on three different phases and agronomic parameters were established based on numerical analysis. 4) Using the relationship between agronomic parameters and oriental armyworm disaster severity level, it is possible to use remote sensing data to obtain the spatial distribution of oriental armyworm. The results showed that the leaf biomass was significantly correlated with oriental armyworm severity level (R²=0.905, n=51). Therefore, it is feasible to use leaf biomass as a surrogate of the hazard grade of oriental armyworm. The dynamical variation of the leaf biomass can be detected by the renormalized difference vegetation index (RDVI), which thus allows the remote sensing of this important agronomic parameter. A regression model was calibrated and validated against ground survey points. The determination coefficient (R²) of leaf biomass estimation and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the model achieved 0.7376 and 43.26 g&middotm^-2, respectively. Based on this relationship, the oriental armyworm severity map was thus generated in the study area, which was in good agreement with our field observation. In conclusion, the present study illustrated the potential to use multi-temporal HJ-CCD images for monitoring maize oriental armyworm over vast area. Such a method may provide an opportunity to conduct yield loss assessments in a spatially continuous manner.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Disasters
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Biomass - Cultivation - Decision trees - Mean square error - Monitoring - Pest control - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution  - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Data processing and analysis - Decision tree classifiers - Determination coefficients - HJ-CCD - Maize - Oriental armyworm - Remote sensing techniques - Root mean square errors
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science - 922 Statistical Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 731.1 Control Systems - 484 Seismology - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20133216587836
Title:Sterilizing effect of dense phase carbon dioxide on dominant spoilage bacteria from shrimp and its mechanism
Authors:Liu, Shucheng (1); Zhang, Liang (1); Ji, Hongwu (1); Qu, Xiaojuan (1); Zhang, Chaohua (1); Hao, Jiming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Corresponding author:Ji, H.(jihw62318@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:284-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) is a non-thermal pasteurization method that affects microorganisms and enzymes through molecular effects of CO<inf>2</inf> under pressures below 50MPa and temperature below 60&deg;C. The DPCD sterilization technique could be one of the most promising techniques for sterilizing foods without exposing them to adverse effects of heat, thereby retaining their fresh physical, nutritional, and sensory qualities. In order to investigate the sterilization effect and mechanism of aquatic product spoilage bacteria induced by dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD), using a strain of Litopenaeus vannamei dominant spoilage bacteria (Chryseobacterium sp. LV1) as the research object, the effects of temperature (30-55&deg;C), pressure (5-25 MPa), time (5-60 min) on sterilization were studied and the changes of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1 physicochemical properties were analyzed before and after DPCD treatment. The results showed that DPCD had a good bactericidal effect on Chryseobacterium sp. LV1. The sterilization effect is enhanced with increasing temperature, pressure and time, and the sterilization effect of supercritical CO<inf>2</inf> was better than that of subcritical CO<inf>2</inf>. Under DPCD conditions of 45&deg;C/15 MPa/30 min or 55&deg;C/15 MPa/30 min, the total bacterial count decreased by 5 logs; the pH value of the bacterial suspension decreased from 6.97 to 5.58 and 5.56; the content of extracellular protein increased from the initial 78.69 to 151.91 and 157.40 &mu;g/mL; and the absorbance value from 200 to 800 nm increased. These results indicated that DPCD could result in intracellular protein and nucleic acid leakage of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1 because of permeability changes in its cell membrane. The SDS-PAGE electrophoretogram of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1 proteins showed that DPCD could reduce the solubility of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1 soluble protein because of soluble protein denaturation. The results detected by the API ZYM system kit showed that DPCD could inactivate 14 enzymes related to the metabolism of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1. The agarose gel electrophoretogram of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1 DNA showed that DPCD could not degrade the DNA of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1. Therefore, changes in the physicochemical properties of Chryseobacterium sp. LV1 induced by DPCD may be one of the main mechanisms of DPCD sterilization. The research results will provide a reference for the application of DPCD in the processing of shrimp.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Cell membranes - Chemical properties - Cytology - Enzyme activity - Nucleic acids - Physical properties - Proteins - Shellfish - Spoilage  - Sterilization (cleaning)
Uncontrolled terms:Dense phase carbon dioxide - Effects of temperature - Extracellular proteins - Increasing temperatures - Intracellular proteins - Non-thermal pasteurization - Physicochemical property - Sterilization techniques
Classification code:822.2 Food Processing Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 801 Chemistry - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 461.9 Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20133216587805
Title:Suitable spacing in and between rows of plants by machinery improves yield of different panicle type japonica rices
Authors:Hu, Yajie (1); Xing, Zhipeng (1); Gong, Jinlong (1); Zhang, Hongcheng (1); Dai, Qigen (1); Huo, Zhongyang (1); Xu, Ke (1); Wei, Haiyan (1); Li, Dejian (2); Sha, Anqin (2); Zhou, Youyan (2); Liu, Guolin (2); Lu, Xiujun (2); Liu, Guotao (1); Zhu, Jiawei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Bureau of Agriculture of Xinghua County of Jiangsu Province, Xinghua 225700, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, H.(hczhang@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:33-44
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Mechanical transplanted rice had many advantages, such as stabilizing yield, saving cost, maintaining high efficiency and freeing labor, and its area was larger and larger in China in recent years. It was reported that the existing row-spacing of mechanical transplanted rice was too big in some rice cultivars with small panicle. Therefore, three panicle types of rice cultivars including large panicle type (LPT include yongyou 2640 and yongyou 8) and medium panicle type (MPT include wuyunjing 24, ningjing 3) and small panicle type (SPT include huaidao 5, huaidao 10) were grown in the field in 2011 and 2012 to investigate the reasonable row-plant spacing of each type of cultivars, the characteristics of dry matter production and the rules of yield formation in mechanical transplanted rice. And the effect of row-plant spacing on grain yield and yield components, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic potential (PP), dry matter production and accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were all studied. Results showed that with 30 cm row-spacing and expanded plant spacing, it is easy for LPT to obtain high yield due to the larger size of panicle. For MPT, There was no significant difference in grain yield between RS30 (row-spacing of 30cm in mechanical transplanted japonica rice) and RS25 (row-spacing of 25 cm in mechanical transplanted japonica rice), but RS30 had higher yield potential because of well wind and light conditions which may improve filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight. For SPT, RS25 was conductive to increase the basic seedlings, and with stable spikelets per panicle, it will obtain high yield because of the significant increase of panicles per unit area. With plant-spacing increased, panicles per unite area of different varieties decreased while spikelets per panicle increased significantly. The filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of RS30 were all higher than that of RS25. With RS30, LPT had higher LAI at heading and maturity, larger spikelet per cm² leaf area, lower decreasing rate of leaf area, higher dry matter accumulation and PP, CGR, NAR at the medium and late growth period. For MPT, dry matter accumulation of RS30 was fewer than that of RS25, but there were no differences in LAI, PP and NAR between RS30 and RS25. For SPT, because of the larger number of basic seedlings, the LAI at all period stages, PP, CGR and NAR at the medium and late growth period, as well as the amount of dry matter accumulation of RS25 were all higher than that of RS30. Therefore, we concluded that the proper row spacing for LPT and MPT is 30 cm while for SPT is 25 cm. And the japonica rice transplanted by mechanism will realize its yield potential only when different panicle types of rice cultivars match suitable plant-spacing.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cultivation - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Dry matter accumulation - Dry matter production - Japonica rice - Net assimilation rates - Panicle type - Row-plant spacing - Significant differences - Yield
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20133216587833
Title:Rapid detection of reducing sugar for potato granules by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors:Sun, Xudong (1); Dong, Xiaoling (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechatronics Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China; (2) School of Foreign Language, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
Corresponding author:Sun, X.(sunxudong_18@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:262-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Reducing sugar content is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of potato granules. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been attempted to determine reducing sugar content in potato granules using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm. NIR spectra were recorded in the wavenumber range of 10000~4000 cm^-1at a 4 cm^-1 interval. The 110 samples were divided into calibration and prediction sets in terms of their respective actual value for avoiding bias in subset division. One of every four samples was divided into the prediction set according the range of actual value in calibration set covering the range in the prediction set. The calibration set contained 83 samples, and the remaining 27 samples constituted the prediction set. Three different variable selection methods, namely the moving windows partial least square (MWPLS), MWPLS-genetic algorithm (MWPLS-GA), and MWPLS-successive projection algorithm (MWPLS-SPA), were performed comparatively to choose spectral variables associated with reducing sugar content distributions. The partial least square (PLS) models were developed with these selection spectral variables with the number of PLS components optimized according to root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) in the calibration set. The results derived by variable selection techniques were then compared with the performance of PLS models with new samples in the prediction set. The PLS calibration model exhibited a higher correlation coefficient of prediction (R<inf>p</inf>) of 0.976, lower standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.273%, and ratio of SEP and standard deviation (SDR) of 4.593, which was built using 20 spectral variables selected by the MWPLS-SPA method. Nonlinear models of the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) were developed using different spectral variables selected by MWPLS, MWPLS-GA, and MWPLS-SPA. The main parameters of penalty factor (&gamma;) and nuclear parameters (&sigma;²) of the nuclear function for the radial basis function (RBF) were optimized by a two-step search method. Through comparison the performance of LSSVM models with new samples, the optimal LSSVM models for reducing sugar content were obtained with R<inf>p</inf> of 0.984, SEP of 0.223%, and SDR of 5.62, which were developed with 20 spectral variables selected by the MWPLS-SPA method. The results indicated that: 1) the accuracy of the quantitative analysis conducted by NIR spectroscopy can be improved through appropriate wavelength selection with the MWPLS-SPA method; and 2) the implementation of LSSVM nonlinear models could predict reducing sugar content in potato granules more accurately than a linear model of PLS. It was concluded that NIR spectroscopy combined with MWPLS-SPA and LSSVM methods has significant potential to quantitatively analyze reducing sugar content in potato granules, and this real time, in situ measurement will significantly improve the efficiency of quality control and assurance.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Forecasting
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Calibration - Genetic algorithms - Granulation - Infrared devices - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Nonlinear systems - Optimization  - Radial basis function networks
Uncontrolled terms:Least squares support vector machines - Partial least square (PLS) - Potato - Radial Basis Function(RBF) - Reducing sugars - Standard error of prediction - Variable selection - Variable selection methods
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20133216587816
Title:Effects of infiltration and evaporation with treated wastewater and salt solutions on soil moisture and salinize-alkalization
Authors:Shang, Fangze (1); Ren, Shumei (1); Zou, Tian (1); Yang, Peiling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, P.(yangpeiling@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:120-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the special effects of treated wastewater irrigation on soil salinize-alkalization, we built 5 large soil bins with length of 1.2 m, width of 1.2 m and height of 1.5 m, and filled with loam and sandy soil in 0~80 and 80-120 cm, respectively. Three infrared lamps and one electric fan were placed above the soil bin. After that, indoor large soil bins infiltration and evaporation experiments were conducted to research the effects of infiltration and evaporation with clear water, treated wastewater and salt solutions with SAR=3, 10 and 20 (mmol<inf>c</inf>/L)^0.5 on soil, and soil solution salt and ions migration and accumulation, and soil alkalization. During the 10 times of infiltration and evaporation experiments (simulation field irrigation for 2 years), the electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), pH, K, Ca², Na, Mg², Cl^-, SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, and HCO<inf>3</inf>^- in soil and soil solution were measured. The results showed that compared with the clear water irrigation, soil moisture in 0~40 cm loam were larger and the increasing of sandy soil moisture in 80-120 cm led to lagged effect. The reason was that the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended solids in treated wastewater caused clay dispersion and blocked the soil pores, respectively, and Na in treated wastewater and salt solutions with SAR=20 (mmol<inf>c</inf>/L)^0.5 caused clay swelling and dispersion, during the infiltration and evaporation with treated wastewater and salt solution with SAR=20 (mmol<inf>c</inf>/L)^0.5. The soil salt accumulated in treated wastewater and salt solutions treatments after 10 times of infiltration and evaporation, and the cumulant was between 9.54% and 51.83%, and the salt in leacheate was most in treated wastewater treatment, which was 1.09-1.42 times of other treatments. All treatments had similar effects on soil solution SAR value and soil pH, which were less than 3 (mmol<inf>c</inf>/L)^0.5 and 8.5, respectively. The results showed a low possibility of soil alkalization during infiltration and evaporation with treated wastewater and salt solutions. As a coexistence system with variety of materials like salinity, nutrients, suspended solids and DOM, the mass concentrations of K and Ca² in soil solution showed a different distribution in various depths during infiltration and evaporation with treated wastewater. The mass concentration of Cl^- in treated wastewater was about 0.3 times of salt solutions, but the mass concentration of Cl^- in soil solution in treated wastewater treatment was 0.95-1.29 times of salt solutions treatments. The mass ratio of Cl^- in soil also varied in different soil depths. The treated wastewater treatment had a stronger leaching ability on soil Cl^-, and it may attribute to the particularity of treated wastewater and the results of soil maintain charge balance. According to the results, it was concluded that compared with clear water and salt solutions, soil salinity and some salt ions indicated a different migration and distribution in the soil profile after infiltration and evaporation with treated wastewater, and more attention should be paid to the migration and leaching of K, Ca² and Cl^-. The results of this research provide references for the long-term secure and rational irrigation with treated wastewater in agriculture.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Wastewater treatment
Controlled terms:Bins - Calcium - Dispersions - Evaporation - Experiments - Infiltration - Infrared lamps - Irrigation - Leaching - Phase transitions  - Reclamation - Sand - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Alkalization - Dissolved organic matters - Electrical conductivity - Migration and accumulation - Salinity - Salt solution - Sodium adsorption ratio - Treated wastewater
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 951 Materials Science - 741.1 Light/Optics - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 694.4 Storage
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20133216587828
Title:Technology optimization for manufacturing biodegradable mulch using soybean straw fiber
Authors:Li, Lixia (1); Ji, Wenyi (2); Chen, Haitao (2); Zhou, Cheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (2) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Ji, W.(jwy730306@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:220-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A mount of straw residue left in the field is able to raise the environmental pollution and resource waste. Utilization of the straw resource enables to resolve these problems, promote the economic growth, open the new industries and increase employment. The manufacture of biodegradable film raises the high utilization value of soybean straw resources. The biodegradable film is low cost and friend environment, which can meet the requirements of covering and cultivation. The method applied five factors and five levels 1/2 quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center. Grammage, mixing ratio, rosin, bauxite, and wet strength agent were influencing factors. Dry tensile strength, wet tensile strength were objective functions. The measurement of dry tensile strength was referenced to the GB/T453-1989 and the measurement of wet tensile strength was referenced to the GB/T465.2-1989. This paper analyzed the effect of factors on the dry tensile strength and wet tensile strength, the rate of factors on objective function, and the optimal technology parameters of soybean straw fiber for manufacturing biodegradable mulch. Through the analysis of the effect of factors on function, the models of dry tensile strength and wet tensile strength were built and the models were significantly different. The rank of effect of every factor on functions was judged by the F value. The results showed that 1)The rank of effect of five factors on dry tensile strength: KP mixture ratio, grammage, wet strength agent, rosin and bauxite; 2)The rank of effect of five factors on the wet tensile: KP mixing ratio, grammage, wet strength agent, bauxite and rosin; 3)in the conditions when grammage of 50-110 g/m², mixing ratio of 0-50%, wet strength agent of 1.2%-2.0%, rosin of 0.3%-1.5%, bauxite of 1%-5%, optimal technology parameters of soybean straw fiber manufacturing biodegradable film were grammage of 92-110 g/m², mixing ratio of 23.3%-30%, wet strength agent of 1.2%, rosin of 0.3%, bauxite of 5%, assuming the dry tensile strength is greater than 30 N and wet tensile strength is greater than 15 N.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Tensile strength
Controlled terms:Economics - Fibers - Films - Manufacture - Mixing - Optimization - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Biodegradable film - Environmental pollutions - Objective functions - Optimal technology - Orthogonal rotations - Quadratic regression - Technology optimization - Wet strength agent
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 971 Social Sciences - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

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Accession number:20133216587835
Title:Response to temperature and light and thermal property of reversibly thermochromic bamboo/plastic composite
Authors:Wu, Qiuning (1); Song, Jianbin (1); Yu, Fangbing (1); Chen, Lihong (1); Yang, Wenbin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Corresponding author:Yang, W.(fafuywb@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:277-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to understand more features about reversibly thermochromic bamboo/plastic composites(BPC), we focused on its response to the temperature, light and thermal property, which included that, the effect of environment temperature on discoloration time, insolation experiment (test temperature of outside environment and inside of insolation device), reflectance and thermal conductivity of reversibly thermochromic bamboo/plastic composites and so on. The results showed that, the higher the environment temperature was, the shorter the discoloration time of the reversibly thermochromic BPC was. Taking WTB1 (BPC and blue thermochromic microcapsules) as an example, the color-changing time were 256.11, 146.18, 82.78, 69.16, 45.06 s accordingly to that the temperature were 45, 50, 55, 60, 65&deg;C respectively. And the differences of discoloration time among all the samples gradually diminished as the increasing of the environment temperature. The results of the insolation experiment indicated that the variation of environment temperature was verging to placid, but the temperature inside the insolation device was increased quickly and then decreased sharply. The color of samples would influence inside temperature of insolation boxes and the addition of titanium dioxide to composites could reduce it. Differences of temperature at 12:00 am between inside insolation boxes with the test specimen of WTB1, WTB2, WTB3, WTB4, WTR1, WTR2 covered respectively and outside environment were 14.3, 12.8, 15.3, 11.3, 15.3, 11.3&deg;C. The thermal conductivity of the reversibly thermochromic BPC was increased as the increasing of the testing temperature. The thermal conductivity of WTB2 were 0.098, 0.099, 0.103, 0.107 W/(m K) correspondently to that the test temperature were 15, 30, 45, 60&deg;C respectively. Comparing the thermal conductivities of WTB1, WTB2, WTB3, the reversibly thermochromic microcapsules increased thermal conductivity of samples when the test temperature were 15, 30, 45&deg;C. While comparing the thermal conductivity of WTB2, WTB4, WTR2, the thermal conductivity of WTB4 was the highest, followed by WTB2, the smallest was that of WTR2 at test temperature of 15&deg;C. But as the increasing of temperature, the size sequency of the thermal conductivity was WTB2 (biggest), WTB4 and WTR2 (smallest). The surface free energy and the contact angles of WTB1 without titanium dioxide were 41.50 MJ/m² and 67.3&deg; respectively, while surface free energy and contact angles of WTB2 with titanium dioxide were 37.52 MJ/m² and 74.6&deg; respectively. Contact angles, polar force and surface free energy of blue bamboo/plastic composites and ordinary bamboo/plastic composites were nearly equal. The reflectance of test specimen was different. Titanium dioxide added to the reversibly thermochromic BPC enhanced the surface reflectance of composite materials, the color was one of the important factors which would influence the reflectance of composite materials. The research results in this paper will provide data support for the practical application of the reversibly thermochromic BPC.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Thermal conductivity of solids
Controlled terms:Color - Composite materials - Contact angle - Discoloration - Experiments - Free energy - Incident solar radiation - Light - Oxides - Reflection  - Testing - Thermal conductivity - Titanium dioxide
Uncontrolled terms:Effect of environments - Environment temperature - Inside temperature - Research results - Surface free energy - Surface reflectance - Test temperatures - Testing temperature
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 951 Materials Science - 741.1 Light/Optics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 415 Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.14.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.