<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20132016328340
Title:Lasting improvement effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on rhizosphere soil environment in mining subsidence
Authors:Yu, Miao (1); Bi, Yinli (1); Zhang, Cuiqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining Technology, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Y.(ylbi88@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:242-248
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In a mining subsidence experiment in the Shendong mining area in the Shaanxi province of China, agricultural soil was improved by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. This experiment was implemented in mid-May 2008 for the first planting, and in the end of April 2009 for the second time. It was divided into two experiment plots, inoculated and control. After two years of abandoned cropland, in September 2011, 15 random positions were selected under the "S" shape method from each district, and roots and fresh rhizosphere soil samples were collected. The aftereffect of microbial reclamation of the soil was studied systematically, about which there have been no reports until now. The results were 1) the density of external hyphal of the inoculation treatment was 5.58 m/g, 90% higher than the control after abandonment, the difference reaching a significant level, and it was also significantly higher than the two sets of processing before abandonment; 2) the root infection rate of the inoculation treatment was 91%, 52% higher than the control after abandonment, the difference reaching a significant level, and it was significantly higher than the control before abandonment; 3) pH value of the inoculation treatment was significantly higher than that of the control after abandonment; 4) in the inoculation treatment the number of bacteria, microbial total, available phosphorus content, conductivity and acid phosphatase activity were also greater than that of the control after abandonment, the differences not reaching a significant level; 5)compared with before and after abandonment, the soil was in degraded trends; in a comparison between the years of 2009 and 2011, in the control treatment there was a slight increase in hyphal density, the difference not reaching a significant level, while in the inoculation treatment hyphal density was twice than that before abandonment, the difference reaching a significant level; 6)compared with before and after abandonment, the root infection rate, the number of bacteria and acid phosphatase activity were increased in the inoculated treatment, while that of the control was decreased. The results showed that abandoned cropland did not affect the soil mycelium growth and development, and compared with before and after abandonment mycelial density improved greatly; the root infection potential was improved in the inoculated treatment as observed through a microscope; and total soil microbes were increased. These consequences confirmed the advantages of artificial inoculation, affecting the number of rhizosphere microorganisms and the formation of the dominant flora, and increasing microbial activity and species diversity. There was evidence to show that the microbial diversity determined plant biodiversity and ecosystem stability and productivity. Soil acid phosphatase activity was enhanced by inoculation, and the soil available phosphorus content was very scarce; when phosphorus is the main limiting factor for soil microbes and plant growth, microorganisms and plant roots secrete extracellular acidic or alkaline phosphatase enzymes, hydrolyzing organic phosphorus, phosphorus-containing organic compounds into simple inorganic compounds that the plant can absorb. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a green manure can be effective long-term on soil improvement, without disturbing the soil, but is conducive to the development of the mycelium, having important significance for microbial reclamation of mine subsidence. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum combined can effectively improve the rhizosphere soil environment, enhance natural succession, and is of great significance to ecological restoration of barren land resulting from mining subsidence.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biodiversity - Cutting machines (mining) - Experiments - Fungi - Inorganic compounds - Land reclamation - Land use - Manures - Microbiology  - Phosphatases - Phosphorus - Subsidence
Uncontrolled terms:Acid phosphatase activities - Aftereffect - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - Artificial inoculation - Bradyrhizobium japonicum - Ecological restoration - Microbial activities - Rhizosphere microorganisms
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 504 Mines and Mining, Metal - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 454 Environmental Engineering - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20132016328332
Title:Algorithm implementation and tested of crop growth model based on hadoop of cloud computing
Authors:Zhao, Qingsong (1); Chen, Lin (1); Sun, Bo (1); Zhu, Yan (2); Jiang, Haiyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, H.(jianghy@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:179-186
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As the inputs of the crop growth model increased, based on data of multiple sites, weather, and soil, and especially when dealing with massive regional data, the response time of the model gets longer. After a parallel computation scheme of cloud computing was selected in this paper, considering the large amount of weather data, an algorithm of crop growth model based on Cloud Computing was proposed to improve parallel computation speed and response time of the crop growth model. First, the authors analyzed the Crop growth model and data dependence relationships among sub-models, and then summarized different parallel computation schemes. From a system constitution perspective, the crop growth model included model description, model structure, model algorithm, and forcing data. Complex data dependence relations between sub-models and among computing units in the sub-models comprised independency, synchronous dependency, self-reliance, and interdependency. Parallel computation was grouped into data-intensive computing and computing-intensive computing, according to characteristics of the calculation. The former was suitable for computation tasks with large amount of data and simple computing relations, while the latter was suitable for computation tasks with little amount of data and complex computing relations. Second, a scheme of crop growth model based on Cloud Computing was designed on the basis of Hadoop, which is an open-source software of Cloud Computing infrastructure. The MapReduce parallel computation scheme of Crop growth model assumption was that computing tasks of all sub-models in a regional point of the same crop were viewed as a computing job, and a number of computing nodes completed crop growth process computing of multiple regional points. Hence, the granularity of MapReduce parallel computation was a regional point crop, and a computing task of crop growth model could be broken down into multiple sub-computing tasks that executed on different nodes in parallel. The object-oriented approach was employed to design different sub-m. Third, taking Wheat Grow, a wheat growth model from the National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, as the testing target, the effectiveness of this scheme was verified in a real Cloud Computing environment. Exemplified by the development stage sub-model, according to contrast research using data-intensive parallel computation methods and computing-intensive parallel computation methods, data-intensive parallel computation methods had better advantages of performance. Therefore, when dealing with crop growth model which had complex data dependence relations, if there appeared more regional data points, the data-intensive parallel computation method was more reasonable to be employed. The advantages of MapReduce extendibility was further reflected based on the more regional data points and the added calculating nodes. When regional points data of crop was fixed, the test line of program runtime fell below the proportional line and increasing tendency gradually became smaller. It also showed that MapReduce had good extendibility. Hadoop was not suitable for processing a small amount of data, and a pseudo-distributed environment was not suitable for the calculation, but pseudo-distributed environment provided convenience for program development. Finally, the authors suggested that this thesis had fixed guidance on regional applications of crop growth mode, and it could achieve both increasing production and income of regional crops and provide reference to promote the development of the crop growth model and the digital agriculture development. Its application prospect was very wide.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Calculations - Cloud computing - Computer systems - Crops - Models - Parallel algorithms
Uncontrolled terms:Algorithm implementation - Cloud computing environments - Cloud computing infrastructures - Data-intensive computing - Engineering and technology - Hadoop - Object oriented approach - Open-source softwares
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 481.1 Geology - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20132016328314
Title:Numerical calculation algorithm for spherical tooth profile of noncircular bevel gear
Authors:Sun, Liang (1); Zhu, Yu (1); Wu, Chuanyu (1); Zhao, Yun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Y.(zhaoyun@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:27-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is an important issue for a wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanism with planetary gear trains to obtain the spatial planting trajectory that meets the wide-narrow distance transplanting. A noncircular bevel gear transmission, one kind of spatial non-uniform velocity transmission mechanism could form such a trajectory. What is more, the pitch curve of the non-circular bevel gear is general, and a transplanting mechanism with this kind of bevel gears can achieve more potential spatial planting trajectories for wide-narrow distance planting than those with specific bevel gears such as an elliptical bevel gear or an eccentric-noncircular bevel gear. In order to meet diverse agronomic requirements, a variety of wide-narrow distance transplanting mechanisms and noncircular bevel gears with different parameters and pitch curves are needed. However, due to the lack of a uniform tooth profile calculation method, the designer has to establish different tooth profile calculation models for different pitch curves. A uniform method which could be applied to calculate the tooth profile of the non-circular bevel gear is put forward in this paper. Because of the spherical tooth profile of the non-circular bevel gear and the standard parameters of the big end, the uniform expression of big end pitch curve and the numerical model of big end tooth profile are essential to designing the noncircular bevel gear. In this paper, a cubic Nurbs curve was used to fit the spherical pitch curve of a bevel gear, which can ensure second order continuity of the points on the pitch curve. A smooth, continuous and closed spherical pitch curve could be obtained from several data points of the spherical surface by the proposed method. According to the included angle of two adjacent tangent vectors of the points on the pitch curve, the concavity and convexity of the pitch curve could be determined, and the radius of the big end pitch circle of a maximum bevel gear for enveloping concave pitch curve gear could be calculated. Then, the allowable maximum gear modulus of the concave pitch curve could be determined by calculating the minimum undercutting number of the circular bevel gear. By using the tooth profile normal line method and spherical triangle property, the numerical calculation model of a spherical tooth profile and dedendum transition curve were established. Furthermore, the undercutting phenomenon could be judged by analyzing the concavity and convexity of the tooth profile curve. Finally, the numerical calculation program for the tooth profile was compiled in Matlab, and several noncircular bevel gears for the transplanting mechanism of a walking-type wide-narrow distance transplanter were designed. The transmission ratio obtained by simulation in ADAMS software was highly identical with the one obtained by theoretical calculation, which verified the feasibility of this method.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Bevel gears
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Computer software - Gear teeth - MATLAB - Models - Numerical analysis - Spheres - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Non-circular - Non-uniform velocities - Numerical calculation model - Second-order continuity - Theoretical calculations - Tooth profile - Transmission mechanisms - Transplanting mechanisms
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 601.2 Machine Components - 404.1 Military Engineering - 631 Fluid Flow
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20132016328329
Title:Remote sensing estimation of planting area for winter wheat by integrating seasonal rhythms and spectral characteristics
Authors:Zhang, Xiwang (1); Qin, Yaochen (1); Qin, Fen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (2) College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(zxiwang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:154-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Research on winter wheat has an important significance for timely and accurately obtaining the crop acreage and their spatial distribution at regional and national scales. In traditional methods combining medium-resolution and low-resolution remote sensing data, only the area percentage of crops in a low-resolution pixel is extracted, thus the crop area is obtained. For this limitation, this paper proposes a new crop identification method. The land cover of the study area is summarized in six categories (farmland, forestland, shrub land, grassland, waters, and other). Each type of land cover's purity is calculated in the corresponding MODIS pixel. First, NDVI time series curves are extracted for various types of land cover based on MODIS time advantage, analyzed for identifying characteristics of winter wheat on the seasonal rhythm, and used to build the identification model. Then, MODIS pixels are classified based on the purity of farmland, including farmland pure pixel, other crop pure pixel, mixed pixel from farmland and other land cover, mixed pixel from winter wheat and other crops, and other pixel. The MODIS pixels involving winter wheat include three types, i.e. the farmland pure pixel, mixed pixel from farmland and other land cover, mixed pixel from winter wheat, and/or other crops. For the farmland pure pixels, the winter wheat is identified according to seasonal characteristics of winter wheat. For the mixed pixel from farmland and other land cover, their sub-pixel NDVI time series are extracted based on the pixel un-mixing method, in order to identify whether the sub-pixel belongs to winter wheat. Further, the identification results are repositioned to the medium-resolution scales according to the spatial relationship. The mixed pixels area from winter wheat and other crops are identified based on spectral differences of Landsat TM remote sensing images. Finally, these three types of identified results can be integrated into the medium-resolution scales. In this paper, the winter wheat identified method is applied to the dominating agricultural area of the Yiluo basin. A total of 11 016 MODIS farmland pure pixels with 250 m spatial resolution, corresponding 1 101 600 farmland pixel with 25 m spatial resolution, were identified as winter wheat; 18 630 MODIS mixed pixels integrating farmland and other land cover, corresponding 882 192 farmland pixels, were identified as winter wheat; 10 275 MODIS mixed pixels integrating winter wheat and other crops, corresponding 595 296 farmland pixels, were identified as winter wheat. Winter wheat acreage of our study area is 161 193.00 hm². By random sampling, the identified results of winter wheat show an accuracy of 96.3%. The error rate is 2.79% compared with statistical data of Yearbook. The superiority of this identified method, compared with the other methods combining medium-resolution and low-resolution remote sensing data, is that not only was the acreage of crops accurately extracted, but also its spatial distribution was determined at the medium-resolution scales. This paper provides a new way to solve problems for extraction of crop cultivation area and spatial distribution information. It can be applied not only to the identification of winter wheat, but also has important reference value for the identification of other types of crops.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Pixels
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Farms - Image reconstruction - Image resolution - Landforms - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution - Spectrum analysis  - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Crop identification - Pixel unmixing - Remote sensing estimations - River basins - Seasonal characteristics - Seasonal rhythms - Spatial relationships - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 742 Cameras and Photography - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 481.1 Geology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20132016328312
Title:Development and application of micro-field rain-harvesting technologies
Authors:Mo, Fei (1); Zhou, Hong (1); Wang, Jianyong (1); Zhao, Hong (1); Zhang, Hengjia (2); Wu, Shan (1); Chen, Yinglong (4); Yang, Tong (1); Deng, Haoliang (1); Batool, Asfa (1); Wang, Runyuan (3); Nguluu, Simon Nzou (5); Li, Fengmin (1); Xiong, Youcai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (2) College of Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (3) Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China; (4) School of Earth and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (5) Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Katumani Research Centre, P.O. Box 340, Machakos, Kenya
Corresponding author:Xiong, Y.(xiongyc@lzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:1-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In the typical rainfed agricultural regions of China such as the Loess Plateau, average annual rainfall ranges from 300 to 550 mm. Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is extremely uneven and there is a serious dislocation between water supply and demand during critical period of crop water requirement. Developing efficient rain-harvesting farming technology is critical for local food production. Over last three decades, micro-field rain-harvesting and evaporation-preventing techniques have gradually become major tillage management approaches in rainfed agricultural areas of the Loess Plateau. Since 1980s, various micro-field rainwater-harvesting techniques have been developed with integrating mulching (film, gravel or straw) practices in the Loess Plateau. These techniques include ridge-furrow cultivation with half, whole or without mulching, and flat planting with mulching. Especially, large-area extension and application of the techniques for ridge and furrow with whole plastic mulching has played a vital supporting role to ensure the increase in grain yield per unit area in a large extent in dry areas of northwest China. Currently, this farming technique was widely recognized as an optimal pattern of micro-field rain-harvesting technology. In general, micro-field rainwater-harvesting mulching technology was designed as alternating furrow and ridge array with partly or fully mulching on the topsoil. The ridge and the furrow were used to harvest and collect runoff, respectively, and crop was planted in the furrow. This paper reviewed the evolution process of micro-field rain-harvesting and evaporation techniques and their influences on farmland ecosystem. We also summarized the effects of ridge-furrow mulching modes and sowing methods on crop yield formation, water use efficiency, crop ecophysiology, soil quality, soil microbial, weeds, plant diseases and insect pests, mulching residues and crop phenology. In addition, enhanced productivity and efficiency, potential ecological risks of these techniques and their interactions were analyzed. As for design of ridge and furrow specification, the width ratio between ridge and furrow varied from crop type, rainfall amount to air temperature. In most areas of the Loess Plateau, the optimal width ratios between ridge and furrow were 60 cm: 40 cm and 60 cm: 60 cm for potato and corn, respectively, to achieve the greatest grain yield. Among a variety of mulching materials, plastic film was the most widely used, mainly because it displayed the advantages in evaporation prevention, yield improvement and low price. Existing studies showed that plastic mulching would increase soil surface temperature and lead to better performance in grain yield and dry matter accumulation particularly in those areas with high elevation and low accumulated temperature. In the areas with annual air temperature accumulation of less than 5&deg;C, grain yield of plastic-mulched corn was up to 11 times more in comparison with that of traditional flat planting system. In addition, this technique increased the residues of root system in soil, and accordingly enhanced population sizes and biological activities of soil bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, crop growth period was shortened by 7-15 days as a result of application of this technology in the Loess Plateau. However, plastic film mulching for years brought about increased plastic residues in soil and accordingly led to soil pollution and related environmental problem. Finally, efficiency, sustainability and developmental potential of these techniques were discussed aiming to provide theoretical guidance for sustainable management of rainfed agricultural ecosystem.
Number of references:115
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Crops - Cultivation - Economics - Ecosystems - Efficiency - Evaporation - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesting - Moisture  - Optimization - Phase transitions - Plants (botany) - Plastic films - Population statistics - Productivity - Soil pollution - Soils - Sustainable development - Technology  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Development and applications - High productivity - Micro-field rain-harvesting system - Plant diseases and insect pests - Potential ecological risk - Rain fed agriculture - Soil surface temperatures - Spatial and temporal distribution
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 901 Engineering Profession - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 817.1 Polymer Products - 443.3 Precipitation - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.9 Biology - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20132016328335
Title:Development and test of intelligent heating device for double-layer plastic greenhouse in South China
Authors:Pan, Yongdi (1); Yao, Yiping (2); Lin, Jianzhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Wenzhou Meteorological Bureau, Wenzhou 325027, China; (2) Zhejiang Province Climate Center, Hangzhou 310017, China
Corresponding author:Pan, Y.(hugehouse@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:203-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Plastic-covered greenhouses have become have become popular as a main method in protected horticulture in China, and their area has increased a lot. The plants were mostly thermophilic crops in greenhouses. These crops are vulnerable to freezing injury. For this reason, it is very important to study how to prevent freezing injury of these crops in greenhouses in winter. In order to develop a new tool for preventing freezing injury in plastic film greenhouses in southern China, a intelligent warming device for plastic-film greenhouses was designed and evaluated. Its structure mainly includes a control circuit board, temperature sensor, fuel tank, ignition system, wick, and other components. After this system was connected to a workstation, its temperature sensor can collect temperature in real time, and send it to micro-controller unit in the control circuit board. After these temperature data were analyzed by a program in the micro controller, a rotating signal was sent to the micro motor that drives the device cover. The cover of the warming device will automatically open until the temperature in plastic film greenhouse decreased to the set starting temperature in the micro control unit, which can be set beforehand. Generally, the set starting temperature was slightly higher than the critical temperature for freezing injury. After the cover opens, the ignition system kindles the asbestos wicks, which absorb fuel from the tank. Thus, the device releases its heat until the temperature increases to the extinction temperature set beforehand. In order to ensure device reliability, the ignition system keeps working until the wick s ignited or the ignition system starts 3 times. The device was made of iron, and it was designed to seal. It is safe for the device to work on any alcohol level in tank. A 7.4V lithium battery was used to power the device. With this power, the device is portable, it can work at any field site without line electricity. In southern China, the battery can supply for a year once fully charged. This device uses alcohol as fuel; its combustion products are only water and CO<inf>2</inf>. These two substances are not contaminants. Its starting or closing is controlled by the signals from the temperature sensors placed at key positions in the plastic film greenhouse. Based on that design, it can control the heat supply precisely following the variation of greenhouse temperature. Through experiment in which two plastic film greenhouses were heated by different ways in 12 consecutive days, the actual operating expense of the intelligent warming device for plastic film greenhouses was determined. The cost was about 30 Yuan to raise 2-3&deg;C in a 8 m&times;40 m greenhouse with 2 plastic films in about 6 hours. This experiment showed that the intelligent warming device has convenient operation, lower cost, rapid warming characteristics, and will satisfy environmental protection objectives. Thus, the warming device offers a powerful tool for defense against freezing injury in plastic film greenhouses in winter.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Charging (batteries) - Controllers - Crops - Digital storage - Experiments - Freezing - Fuel tanks - Heating equipment - Ignition systems  - Lithium batteries - Plant shutdowns - Plastic films - Temperature sensors - Thermal effects
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion products - Critical temperatures - Device reliability - Extinction temperature - Greenhouse temperature - Micro control unit - Plastic greenhouse - Temperature increase
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 732 Control Devices - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 951 Materials Science - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 702.1.2 Secondary Batteries - 702.1.1 Primary Batteries - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 522 Gas Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20132016328344
Title:Suitability evaluation of potato varieties used for chips processing
Authors:Zhang, Xiaoyan (1); Zhao, Fengmin (1); Xing, Li (1); Liu, Wei (1); Yang, Yanchen (1); Yang, Bingnan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, B.(yangbn@caams.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:276-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Influenced by Western diet culture and growth in the standard of living, potato chips are currently fashionable as one kind of essential snack food during people's leisure time. The modern potato chip processing industry requires a forward upgrade and higher demands concerning the quality of utilize materials. The Chinese potato industry possesses a wide variety and adequate supply of potatoes currently. Quality indexes were different among cultivars, and these differences determine the quality of fried potato chips to a large extent. In order to determine the suitability of different cultivars for potato chips processing, 74 widely cultivated potato cultivars were investigated. All samples were grown in the same place with the same fertilization. Potato harvesting, storage, processing and index analysis were conducted in the shortest time. Eight main quality indicators of potatoes (water, starch, reducing sugar, total sugar, ash, total soluble solid, Vitamin C and protein) and four quality indicators of potato chips (protein, sensory evaluation, crispness and whiteness) were measured in the laboratory. 56 samples were removed randomly for the validation set, and the other 18 samples for the calibration set. Comprehensive evaluation indicators of potato chips were calculated by the normalization method and Euclidean distance of four individual indicators. Correlation analysis showed that the comprehensive evaluation indicator was significant in represent four individual indicators of potato chips. A principal component analysis was applied to select four irrelevant principal components (F<inf>1</inf>-F<inf>4</inf>) which could cover most information of the potato samples. An stepwise regression method was used to establish the model of comprehensive evaluation indicators and four principal components (F<inf>1</inf>-F<inf>4</inf>). Substituted with the original eight main quality indicators of potatoes(X<inf>1</inf>-X<inf>8</inf>), the final model was determined. The determination coefficient R² is 0.607, adjusted R² is 0.585, F-value is 26.815 greater than F (0.001, 3, 52), and sig. value is less than 0.001. The model effect was relatively good with a high degree of fitting and significant correlation. 18 samples from the validation set were used to validate the effect of the model. The results showed that the correlation coefficient for the true value and prediction value of the comprehensive evaluation indicator is 0.502, sig. value is 0.034 that is less than 0.05, and the model is applicable to the actual suitability evaluation of potato chips processing. The suitability of 74 cultivars for potato chips processing was preliminarily classified into three types based on the K-means clustering method. 15 samples were selected as optimal cultivars for potato chips processing, which was in accord with practical applications. However, the precision of the model needs to be improved in future research. The results of this research can be applied in practice. Comprehensive evaluation indicators of potato chips can be determined without a tedious laboratory analysis, proper potato material can be founded for chips' processing, and the result has guiding significance for the chip processing industry.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Food storage
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Industry - Principal component analysis - Processing - Proteins - Quality management - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Correlation analysis - Determination coefficients - K-means clustering method - Potato chip - Stepwise regression - Stepwise regression method - Suitability evaluation
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912.2 Management - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20132016328327
Title:Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area
Authors:Chen, Zhanpeng (1); Lei, Tingwu (1); Yan, Qinghong (2); Hu, Heng (3); Xiong, Mingbiao (3); Li, Zhenlin (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Sichuan General Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Environment, Chengdu 610041, China; (4) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University/Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China
Corresponding author:Lei, T.(leitingwu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:135-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The earthquake of moment magnitude (M) 8.0 in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, on May 12th, 2008 produced massive loose landslides, responsible for failure of agricultural land and damage of farmland facilities, which caused a heavy loss of agricultural economy and threatened the production security of agricultural in earthquake area. In this study, typical landslides were chosen to measure volumes with geometry models. The landslide in Caopo Village, Wenchuan County, as measured by using 3-D laser scanner, was used to do measurement and computational processes. The 3-D laser scanner is HDS-ScanStation2, Leica Company, and its scanning distance reaches as far as 300 m, with an distance measurement accuracy of &plusmn;4 mm and a resolution of &plusmn;6 mm at 50 m. The scanner was set up in front of the slope of the landslide to be measured. The distances from the scanner to the near end and the far end of the landslide were 25.74 m and 79.00 m, respectively. The scan grid was set to be 20.0 cm in horizontal and 20.0 cm in vertical. The actual scan grid of the measured landslide was 2.6 cm&times;2.6 cm at the near end and 7.9 cm&times;7.9 cm at the far end, respectively. The landslide surface and its surrounding terrain were accurately scanned on-site by the 3-D laser scanner. The measured landslide was divided into two parts according to its scanned surface features. The original terrain data of the valley were used to determine the bottom planes of the landslide, including horizontal and the hillslope. The horizontal boundary was determined by the original landscape and hillslope bottom was approximated by fitting the hillslope. Based on the data points measured by scanner, the planes were fitted with eigenvalue method. The geometry model of landslide was formulated in the 3-D coordinate system by the measured data. The volume of the landslide was estimated to be 19018 m³. The method was verified with the value calculated by the built-in method of the 3-D laser scanner. The result shows that the value calculated by the method suggested was 7.3% higher than that by the build-in method. The reasonable accuracy of the method shows that the volume of landslides can be measured reliably by the method. The method and procedures for measuring the landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner provide an important basis for methods and measures of land consolidation of earthquake damaged farmland after the disaster.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Landslides
Controlled terms:Earthquakes - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Farms - Landforms - Laser applications - Measurements - Models - Scanning - Three dimensional
Uncontrolled terms:3D laser scanners - Agricultural economy - Computational process - Earthquake-triggered landslides - Land consolidations - Reasonable accuracy - Wenchuan - Wenchuan Earthquake
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921.1 Algebra - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 484.1 Earthquake Measurements and Analysis - 484 Seismology - 481.1 Geology - 744.9 Laser Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20132016328343
Title:Cross-linking modifier improves applied quality of fast-growing poplar
Authors:Lang, Qian (1); Bi, Zeng (1); Zheng, Xue (1); Miao, Xinwei (1); Pu, Junwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Lang, Q.(langqian4521@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:267-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Wood is one of the oldest renewable resources used by human activity because of its many excellent material properties, such as good mechanical strength, aesthetic appearance, and easy processing. The main components of wood are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, accompanied by minor contributions of low molecular weight compounds and mineral salts. The major drawback of wood, intrinsically connected with the structure of its three main macromolecular components, is that it is easily affected by environmental factors, such as light, water, temperature, and biological organisms. Wood modification is a generic term describing the application of chemical, physical, and biological methods to improve its' properties. The aim is to improve the performance of the wood, including improvements in dimensional stability against moisture and bio-deterioration, mechanical property, and weathering resistance. In the case of chemical modification, this involves treatment with various chemical polymers to reduce the content of hydroxyl groups. To enhance the applied quality, the functional wood modifier was used to modify the fast-growing poplar. The stress relaxation and the profile density of fast-growing poplar were analyzed. Moreover, the fast-growing poplar was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDXA). The results demonstrated that the plasticity of wood enhanced for stress relaxation dropped with increasing amounts of modifier. The XRD analysis showed that the crystalline properties of wood obviously increased, but the ordered structure of the crystalline region on the remaining cellulose was not disrupted after modification. FTIR data confirmed the cross-link reaction between wood fiber and modifier. The XPS analysis results indicated that the content of carbon elements decreased while of oxygen elements increased. The SEM-EDXA showed that the wood modifier dispersed in wood fiber and other vertical cells and the N and C had better interfacial adhesion and dispersion between cell wall, intercellular space and even the nucleus of wood cells. The originality of this paper is in the modification of fast-growing wood using the method of vacuum-pressure-vacuum impregnation with a chemical multi-solution. Moreover, the chemical modification overcomes the uneven distribution of modifier in the wood inner structure. The reaction between wood and modifier is a netted site reaction, depicted as two steps. First, the pre-polymer, urea, and catalyst were sufficiently mixed before impregnation. Then, the fresh, natural wood was soaked in water. It also can be seen that the vessels and cell walls of the wood were open. After the impregnation of the wood cross-section, the wood modifier was evenly distributed in wood fiber and other vertical cells after thermal treatment. The wood modifier reacted with the wood fibers, forming networks and exhibiting higher physical properties and dimensional stability. Further work should be performed to develop the multi-function modifier, and is currently under investigation in our laboratory.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Chemical modification
Controlled terms:Biomechanics - Cells - Cellulose - Crystalline materials - Cytology - Fibers - Forestry - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Impregnation - Photoelectrons  - Polymers - Scanning electron microscopy - Spectrum analysis - Strength of materials - Stress relaxation - Stresses - Urea - Wood - Wood products - X ray diffraction  - X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Crystalline properties - Energy dispersive x-ray - Environmental factors - Fast-growing poplars - Interfacial adhesions - Low molecular weight compounds - Scanning Electron Microscope - Wood modification
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 921 Mathematics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 933.1 Crystalline Solids - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20132016328342
Title:Microscopic structure quantitative analysis of wheat straw/polypropylene composites based on angle measure technique method
Authors:Zhang, Huan (1); He, Chunxia (1); Hou, Renluan (1); Yu, Min (1); Lu, Derong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Corresponding author:He, C.(chunxiahe@tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:258-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:China is a traditional agricultural country, and the output of all kinds of crops straw in China has more than 7 tons according to some related statistics. As a kind of solid biomass waste, and also a kind of renewable resource, the comprehensive utilization rate of this material is not very high in China. In order to analyze the relationship between microscopic structure and macroscopic mechanical properties of wheat straw/polypropylene (PP) composites during aging experiments, AMT (angle measure technique) method was introduced to investigate scale spectra of scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images of surface microstructure of wheat straw/PP composites at different aging periods in this study. With wheat straw powder as filler and polypropylene plastic film as matrix, wheat straw/PP composites were prepared by using compound mold pressing method. Accelerated UV aging test with xenon lamp was completed, and macroscopic mechanics properties of the composites were tested before and after aging. The microscopic surface morphology changes of the composites were observed using SEM at different aging period and the typical SEM images were taken simultaneously. After several necessary images preprocessing for SEM images, through AMT method the mean angle (MA) spectra of SEM images of the composites were derived, the changing relationships with the growing aging periods between characteristic angle &amp; characteristic scale of spectra of composites and their macroscopic mechanics properties were analyzed as well. The results showed that with the increasing of aging periods mechanical properties of composites were on the decline as a whole, while characteristic angle &amp; characteristic scale of MA spectra of them tended to increase overall. It was proved that there were significant or extremely significant correlations between characteristic angle &amp; characteristic scale of microstructure image of composites and their macroscopic mechanics properties by using correlation analysis, especially the correlation coefficient between characteristic angle and flexural strength was significantly, which was -0.975. By using principal component analysis (PCA) the validity and discriminability of AMT method has been proved, differences of MA spectra of composites at different aging period can be described well by principal component 1 only. Unlike FFT (fast Fourier transform) and wavelet analysis, AMT methods is a thoroughly novel application of signal analysis in the measurement signal series, which can transforms the original signal domain to a very brand-new domain that is scale domain transform. It was verified that AMT method can well quantitative delineate the image texture of surface microstructure of the composite in this study. The works from our and other researchers have shown that AMT is capable of delivering very exact and discriminating characterizations of apparent features when confronted in description of texture complexity of digital images. AMT method has great values in quantitative delineating and analysis of complexity of measure series and image texture, so it can be expected that this approach will has wide employments and deep development in the future.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Polymer matrix composites
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Composite materials - Electric lamps - Fast Fourier transforms - Image texture - Instrument scales - Mechanical properties - Microstructure - Molecular structure - Polypropylenes  - Principal component analysis - Straw - Testing - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Angle measures - Comprehensive utilizations - FFT (fast Fourier transform) - Macroscopic mechanical properties - Microscopic structures - Microscopic surface morphology - Properties of composites - Scanning electronic microscopes
Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 933 Solid State Physics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 415 Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 707.2 Electric Lamps - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 815.1 Polymeric Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20132016328345
Title:Physicochemical properties of common buckwheat starch
Authors:Gao, Jinfeng (1); Chao, Guimei (1); Yang, Qiuge (1); Liu, Xiaojin (2); Wang, Pengke (1); Gao, Xiaoli (1); Feng, Baili (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Area/College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Yan'an Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yan'an 716000, China
Corresponding author:Feng, B.(7012766@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:284-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to understand the physicochemical characters of common buckwheat starch, 12 varieties of common buckwheat were planted in the research farm of the Yan'an Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the granule morphology, solubility, transparencies, gelatinization and viscosities of their starch granules were investigated in this study. The starch granules' shapes and sizes were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The starch granule diameters, amylase contents, solubility and transparencies were found to significantly differ among the different test varieties(P&lt;0.05). The starch granules of the test varieties had irregular polygonous and global shapes and the granules of the varieties with the former shapes were larger and numbered more than their ones with the latter shapes. The granule diameters of the test varieties ranged within 0.38-25.78 &mu;m. The starch granules of Ning D07-1, Wuqi Honghuaqiao-2, Pingxuan 01-036, Dingbian Tianqiao and D07-2 were polygonous with clear-cut edges and the starch granules of Qingyang Honghuaqiao, Zhidan Honghuaqiao and Dingbian Tiaoqiao were global and smooth at high percentages. The starch granules of the varieties presented similar two-peak size distributions of which the first peak appeared at the granule diameter of 1 &mu;m and the second peak appeared at the granule diameter of 15 &mu;m and the former peaks were higher than the latter ones. Ning D07-3 had the highest amlyose content of 43.06% and Ning D07-2 had the lowest amlyose content of 36.63%, and the other varieties had amlyose contents that ranged between 36.82%-42.22%. The amlyose content of Ning D07-3 and Pingxuan 01-036 were significantly higher than those of the other varieties and the amlyose contents of Wuqi Honghuaqiao-1 and Ning D07-2 were significantly lower than those of the other varieties. The starch solubility of the varieties increased with increased temperatures and that significantly differed; and at 80 and 90&deg;C, the starch solubility of Menggu 20, Wuqi Honghuaqiao-1, and Dingbian Tianqiao were significantly lower than those of Ning D07-1, Wuqi Honghuaqiao-2 and Qingyang Honghuaqiao. The starch paste transparencies of the varieties significantly differed, with Wuqi Honghuaqiao-2 presenting the highest transparency of 8.65%, and Menggu 20 presenting the lowest transparency of 7.37%. The starch paste retrogradation of the varieties tended to increase slowly at first and then quickly with time, with the starch paste retrogradation of Zhidan Honghuaqiao, Xinong 9976, Wuqi Honghuaqiao-1, NingD07-2 and Xinong 9978 standing higher and the starch paste retrogradation of Ning D07-1, Wuqi Honghuaqiao-2, Qingyang Honghuaqiao, Menggu20 and Pingxuan 01-36 standing lower. The initial starch pasting temperatures and peak viscosities of the test varieties ranged between 62.80-72.60&deg;C and 126.58-141.00 RU, respectively. The starch trough viscosities, final viscosities, breakdowns, setbacks and peak viscosity times of the test varieties significantly differed. The highest viscosity was 118.00 RU, and the lowest breakdowns and setbacks were 13.00 RU and 57.33 RU respectively. The longest peak viscosity time was 5.80 min, and the most stable starch pastes appeared in Dingbian Tianqiao. These results indicated that the test varieties had significantly different starch characters and thus, while the varieties were used to process buckwheat starch or flour, their different starch characters should be taken into account.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Starch
Controlled terms:Chemical properties - Gelation - Granulation - Physical properties - Scanning electron microscopy - Solubility - Testing - Transparency - Vegetation - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural science - Common buckwheat - Granule diameter - Granule morphology - Increased temperature - Peak viscosities - Physicochemical property - Starch granules
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 741.1 Light/Optics - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20132016328341
Title:Land ecological assessment of Jintan city in Yangtze River Delta with highly developed economy
Authors:Dai, Liang (1); Yao, Xinchun (2); Zhou, Shenglu (1); Peng, Hui (2); Wu, Shaohua (1); Zhu, Qing (3); Zhou, Hua (1); Yi, Haomin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (2) Jiangsu Institute of Land Surveying and Planning, Nanjing 210024, China; (3) Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, S.(zhousl@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:249-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the constant intensification of land use and the rapid expansion of construction land, people are confronted with a series of ecological problems such as soil pollution, land quality degradation, extreme climate, geological disaster, etc. which will cast a serious threat to the sustainable development of human beings. In view of scientific land management and regulation, we should not only emphasize land quantity and quality, but also pay attention to its ecology. Due to relative lack of comprehensive land ecological assessments focusing on land ecological status quo, especially in developed regions, we chose Jiantan as a typical city with a highly developed economy, and made an ecological assessment of land use in 2011 based on 3S technology and statistical analysis. First, the land ecological survey and assessment system was established including background layer, structure layer, stress layer, and efficiency layer aiming at studying the land ecosystem structure, function, effect, and problems. Then according to the index system, we used the Kriging model, linear spectrum decomposition model, landscape analysis model, GIS spatial statistical and calculation modeler, and field investigation to get data of all 26 indexes. The main processing software includes ArcGIS9.3, Envi4.5, Fragstats 3.3, SPSS13.0. After that, taking administrative villages as an independent unit, we assessed Jintan's land ecology through information mining, entropy weight methods, and overlay calculation. The result shows land ecology in the west was better than that in the east and became continuously better from the urban center to all around. Furthermore, we divided the study area into five ecotypes via cluster analysis of the 26 indexes; using a stepwise regression method, we figured out key controlling factors of each ecotype by taking the 26 indexes as independent variables and the ecology score as the dependent variable. Finally, taking geomorphology into account, we put forward three ecological management zones: the western hills mountain ecological control zone, the east-central plain urban and rural ecological coordination area, and the center city plain ecological optimization area. In the western hills mountain ecological control zone, the land ecological background is good, its stress is low and its efficiency is high. Thus, the ecological score of land use is generally high. The east-central plain urban and rural ecological coordination area mostly covers the ecological buffer zone in ecology planning of Jintan and its ecological status quo is medium. In the center city plain ecological optimization area, the ecological score of land use is low; we should pay more attention to improve the ecology in this area as its land ecological background is not good and land use structure is not efficient. Moreover, its ecological stress is quite high. In this way, we diagnosed the main ecological problems in each zone that would provide a solid basis for government decision-making and land management.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Behavioral research - Cluster analysis - Economics - Land use - Landforms - Optimization - Regression analysis - Soil pollution - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Assessment - Ecological managements - Ecological optimization - Ecotope - Jintan city - Key controlling factors - Spectrum decomposition - Stepwise regression method
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 922 Statistical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 481.1 Geology - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20132016328317
Title:Design and test of automatic feed system for tray seedlings transplanter
Authors:Han, Changjie (1); Yang, Wanzhang (2); Zhang, Xuejun (2); Guo, Hui (2); Yin, Wenqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) Mechanical and Traffic College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Corresponding author:Yin, W.(yinwq@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:51-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The nacelle-type semi-automatic transplanter is the best available technology to punch holes in the plastic film and has been used extensively in Xinjiang, China, but the nacelle-type transplanter had very low efficiency. It had the frequency of less than 40 pieces/min for each transplanting device. The automatic feed system was designed for a nacelle-type transplanter to improve the efficiency of the feeding system of the transplanter, matching with the tray which is widely used in Xinjiang province. It has 128 (16 rows&times;8 lines) plugs and is made by the vacuum form process. The thickness is 0.6-1 mm, the hole depth is 45 mm, the top width is 31.75 mm and the bottom width is 13 mm. The tray carrying the seedlings can be moved transversally and longitudinally by the step-displacement unit (SDU) in the feed system. In order to reduce the automatic feed system width of the horizontal direction, and keep plug seedlings from dropping from the plug tray, the machine was slanted at an angle horizontally with the SDU beams at 105&deg;. The seedlings were taken and moved by a turning and position shift style seedlings manipulator (TPSM). The seedlings were dropped in the tube of the flexible chain conveyor feeding mechanism (FCCFM) by the manipulator at the right time. Then the seedlings were transported and put in the nacelle of two different transplanting devices by the FCCFM. The FCCFM was set at the bottom of the feed system. The SDU was set on the top and side of FCCFM, and the TPSM was set on the top of the FCCFM. The seedling transfer was done by the TPSM, which picks up the seedling on the tray side and drops the seedlings on the other side. When the seedling tube is standing still, the manipulator puts the plug seedlings into the seedling tube. With the seedlings tube driven by the flexible chain and rotating to the right side, the seedling tube will go through two types of drop windows-one is wide, and the other is narrow. When the seedlings tube first goes through the narrow drop seedlings window, only the narrow shutter of the seedling tube is opened and drops seedlings. When the seedlings tube goes through the wide drop seedlings window, all the shutters open, and only the wide shutter seedling tube drops seedlings. The feed system is controlled by PLC, and driven by pneumatic force. The average total air consumption of the pneumatic components is 60.56L/min. The structure of this automatic feed system is independent and does not increase the load on the wheels of the transplanting machine. Its mass is less than 110kg and the cost is also affordable. It can be attached to a new transplanting machine or it can be used with an existing transplanting machine. The "Hong'an #6" pepper seedlings were used to test the automatic feed system, and seedlings were raised from February 25, 2011 to April 25, 2011. At a seedling age of 58d, the average height of the seedlings was 163.06mm; nursery substrates were made of peat, vermiculite and perlite, in accordance with the volume ratio 1: 1: 1. Compressed air is provided by the laboratory air pump (ZBM-0.1/8), and the air tank pressure was maintained at 0.5~0.8MPa. The results showed that the seedling feeding speed was increased up to 70pieces/min, the reliability of the system was 98.92%, and the average mass loss of the seedling substrate was 9.26%.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Tubes (components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automation - Chain conveyors - Compressed air - Drops - Manipulators - Substrates - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic feed system - Best available technologies - Nursery substrates - Plc controls - Plug seedling - Pneumatic components - Transplanting devices - Transplanting machine
Classification code:821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 732 Control Devices - 731.5 Robotics - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 692.1 Conveyors - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 462.4 Prosthetics - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20132016328328
Title:Soil erosion process of engineering accumulation in steep slope under simulated runoff conditions
Authors:Zhang, Letao (1); Gao, Zhaoliang (1); Li, Yonghong (1); Tian, Hongwei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) College of Resource Environmental Sciences, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Z.(gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:145-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Deposits during the process of engineering construction have unique soil constitution and complex conditions of underlying surface, characterized by weaken anti-scourabilty attributed to loose textures, lacks of soil structures, insufficient plant roots, soil organic matter deficiency and so on. Erosion response of steep deposit slope to hydrodynamic conditions show different characteristics, a set of field pouring water scouring experiments were conducted on steep slope with 72.7% gradient and 12-meter length of typical spoil ground along the line of freeway to investigate the soil erosion process of deposit slope under simulated runoff conditions. Watering system consists of a diving pump, a water knockout vessel, a still well, valves, switches and pressure pipes. During the process of each experiment, the slope was divided into 4 sections by 3-meter-intervals down slope, where flow velocities, flow widths and flow depths were measured by the method of dye tracing and the use of thin steel rule during sampling. The runoff and sediment sample was taken at 1-minute-intervals within 3 minutes after runoff initiates, where after, the sample was taken at 3-minute-intervals, and in the whole experiment all the runoff and sediment were collected. The results show that runoff intensity is closely related to discharge intensity and sediment concentration, presenting multivariate linear correlation by grey correlation degree analysis and correlation analysis of various factors influencing runoff intensity, which can be expressed as follows: M=0.818 P-0.758S-0.276 (R²=0.90), indicating that discharge intensity has a positive effect on runoff intensity, on the contrary, the sediment concentration has a negative effect on runoff intensity. Gravitational erosion caused by ascending sediment concentration during erosion process has large influence on the variation of sediment concentration, which has a critical discharge of inflow under test conditions with 20L/min and 25L/min. The process of slope sediment yield falls into three stages: abrupt, fluctuation and stable, and spatial distribution of sediment yield along different slope profiles under different runoff conditions can be reduced to two types: steady decrease and violently fluctuating reduction. Soil detachment rate is linearly related with unit discharge(Dr=0.693q 3.97, R²=0.781), which can also be expressed as the power function of sediment yield and flow width in different time-intervals(Dr=1.689U^0.671b^-0.669, R²=0.799). Moreover, sediment yield in any time-interval can be described with power function of run-off in the same time-interval(M=0.5548V^1.036, R²=0.822) and accumulative sediment yield increases linearly with the increase of cumulative run-off(Us=0.687Q 6.123, R²=0.975). The results indicated that Soil erosion characteristics of steep deposit slope formed by engineering construction activities are distinct from that of conventional agricultural soils, indicating that soil erosion researches on production and construction areas should be carried out on the basis of clarifications of disturbance and intensity. The conclusions reveal that regulation of slope runoff is still an important approach to achieve comprehensive control of soil erosion on engineering and construction areas.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Construction industry - Deposits - Engineering - Erosion - Experiments - Flowmeters - Runoff - Sedimentation - Sedimentology - Sediments  - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive controls - Engineering constructions - Gravitational erosions - Grey correlation degrees - Hydrodynamic conditions - Loess hilly regions - Sediment concentration - Steep slope
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 901 Engineering Profession - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 612 Engines - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 532 Metallurgical Furnaces - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 444.1 Surface Water - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20132016328324
Title:Frost heave fracture mechanical model for concrete lining trapezoidal canal and its application
Authors:Sun, Gaochen (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1); Wang, Wenjie (1); Li, Shuang (1); Xiao, Ming (1); An, Yuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest Agricultural and Forestry Univ., Yangling 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Z.(wangzz0910@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:108-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As for rigid materials such as concrete there existing some invisible initial cracks which can propagate under the force of frost heave, leading to the decrease of water transportation efficiency and massive loss of precious transport water. That is to say, it is quite meaningful and necessary to analysis the damage of concrete lining canal with initial cracks from the perspective of fracture mechanics in seasonal permafrost zones. Based on the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and utilizing existing frost heave mechanical model for concrete lining canal, meanwhile through appropriate assumptions and simplifications and taking the consideration of frost heave force, a frost heave fracture mechanics failure criteria for concrete lining canal was proposed by taking the frost heave damage of lining concrete as a composite fracture problem ofIandIIstyle fracture. In fracture criterion under the force of frost heave, the fracture toughness of concrete is regarded as the criterion on the judgment of whether the concrete is damaged or not. When the fracture strength factor is less than fracture toughness of concrete, the concrete lining plate remained compact. Simultaneously, there is a close relation between fracture toughness and temperature. Therefore, a relationship between frost heave parameters and fracture toughness was formed to solve the shortage of frost heave mechanical model. A frost heave fracture mechanical model for concrete lining channel regarding the reasonable and optimal thickness of lining plate was established for shady slope, sunny slope and channel bottom respectively. For the fracture mechanical model of frost heave concrete lining channel, the reasonable and optimal thickness of lining plate is determined, and the model presents a feasible and simple way for aided design for anti-frost heave of concrete lining channel. Results suggest that the most vulnerable parts with the highest moment and shear force is the middle in channel bottom and 1/3 lining plate length near the bottom in both sunny slope and shady slope. Under the assumption of extreme condition K<inf>fI</inf> K<inf>fII</inf>=K<inf>fIc</inf>, the thickness of lining plate in shady slope, sunny slope and channel bottom is determined. Shady slope has the highest thickness because it has highest frost heave force and is vulnerable to sunshine, followed by the channel bottom and sunny slope, which accords with the engineering practice.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Concretes
Controlled terms:Brittle fracture - Cracks - Fracture - Fracture mechanics - Fracture toughness - Frost effects - Hydraulic structures - Linings - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Concrete linings - Engineering practices - Extreme conditions - Failure criteria - Fracture mechanical model - Linear elastic fracture mechanics - Sunny slope and shady slope - Water transportation
Classification code:412 Concrete - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20132016328326
Title:Laser land leveling improve distribution of soil moisture and soil salinity and enhance spring wheat yield
Authors:Bai, Gangshuan (1); Du, Sheni (1); Yu, Jian (3); Zhang, Peiqi (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Institute of Inner Mongolia Hydraulic Research, Huhhot 010020, China
Corresponding author:Du, S.(sndu@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:125-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to promote the laser land leveling technology in Hetao Irrigation District, compared with ordinary border, soil moisture, soil salinity in 0-80 cm depth and spring wheat growth of border with laser land leveling were determined in different segments at different stages of spring wheat growth. The results showed that the soil moisture of border with laser land leveling had no significant difference in different segments at different stages of spring wheat growth, but the soil moisture in roots distribution soil layer (0-40 cm) of ordinary border gradually increased from water inlet to border trail from spring wheat trefoil stage to maturity stage, and reached significant or very significant difference between different segments, as well the soil moisture of roots distribution soil layer of ordinary border in middle and posterior segment were significantly or very significantly higher than border with laser land leveling. Laser land leveling caused irrigation water uniformly distributed in the border. Soil salt accumulation in surface soil in ordinary border began from spring wheat trefoil stage, and in laser land leveling border began from spring wheat jointing stage, as well soil salt accumulation in surface soil in laser land leveling border was 20d later than that in ordinary border. Soil salinity in roots distribution soil layer of ordinary border and laser land leveling border all gradually increased from water inlet to border trail, and the soil salinity of ordinary border in middle and posterior segment were significantly or very significantly higher than that of laser land leveling border. For ordinary border from spring wheat trefoil stage and laser land leveling border from spring wheat jointing stage, the spring wheat growth situation became worse from water inlet to border trail, and the thousand-grain weight, wheat yields in spring wheat maturity stage gradually decreased, but the thousand-grain weight, wheat yields of laser land leveling border in middle and posterior segment were significantly or very significantly higher than that of ordinary border. This research indicated that laser land leveling technology improved soil moisture and salinity distribution in border, promoted spring wheat growth, boosted water use efficiency and the water output rate in middle and posterior segment of border.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Grain growth - Irrigation - Moisture - Salinity measurement - Soil moisture - Soils - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Hetao irrigation districts - Land leveling - Salinity - Salinity distributions - Significant differences - Spring wheat - Water use efficiency - Yields
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20132016328339
Title:Evaluation and gradations of cultivated land fertility in Karst area
Authors:Zhao, Liang (1); Wei, Xuecheng (2); Huang, Guoyi (2); Meng, Linglin (2); Zhu, Liquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture and Biology Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) Soil and Fertilizer Working Station of Debao, Baise 533700, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, L.(zhuliquan@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:232-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Cultivated land is necessary for agricultural production. It is also the most fundamental requirement for humans' survival and development. In recent decades, along with the increase of population, stress on the environment, and diminishment of cultivated land area, the conflicts between humans and cultivated land are getting more and more obvious. As the thorough utilization of cultivated land is getting extremely urgent, the evaluation of cultivated land fertility, which supports basic information and a scientific foundation for thorough utilization of cultivated land, is becoming necessary. Debao County was here taken as our study case. Cultivated land within its areas possesses several classic KARST topographic features: 1) There are many mountains and rocks, but little farmland. At the same time, there is limited land for agriculture, but abundant land for forestry and grazing. 2) Carbonate geology is widely distributed, farmland has been developed in KARST topography, rocky mountains take a large percentage of county land, and stony desertification is heavy. 3) There are 7 groups of soil, 20 sub-groups of soil, and 71 soil types, and these types of soil intermingle in complex patterns. Paddy soil and lime soil take 80% of the county's cultivated land. 4) The fertility of cultivated land is relatively sterile; medium- &amp; low-fertility farmland takes a large priority percentage of county farmland. 5) The vertical utilization discrepancy of the land resource is notable, and three-dimensional agriculture is prominent. The informational value of a Farmland-Resource-Information-Management-System (FRIMS) is very important for agricultural productivity. We use Remote Sensing (RS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology for on-site field-surveys to collect local cultivated land information, such as: obstacle factors, slope strike, latitude and longitude, irrigation conditions, drainage conditions, parent materials, terrain, basic farming equipment, and so on. We further use laboratory analysis to acquire basic data including: the glass-electrode method to measure pH; Kjeldahl determination to measure available N; NaHCO-extraction and ammonium molybdate-tartaric emetic-ascorbic acid colorimetry to measure available P; atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ammonium acetate extraction to measure available K; atomic absorption spectrophotometry and nitric acid extraction to measure slowly available K; atomic absorption spectrophotometry and DTPA extraction to measure available Cu, available Fe, available Mn, and available Zn; azomethine-H colorimetry to measure available B; dichromate potassium oxidation to measure organic matter, as well as other organic nutrition values from 3, 938 soil samples 0-40cm underneath farmland. Based on geographic information system (GIS) technology, an evaluation unit was determined from overlapping a soil distribution map with a utilization map. Ten index factors were selected based on local KASRT topography combined with plant growth trends from 64 national index factors to evaluate the cultivated land of Debao County. These index factor were as follows: available P, available K, organic matter, pH, soil texture, drainage capacity, irrigation capacity, obstacle factors, plough layer thickness, and parent material. Furthermore, we used an analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights associated with each factor, the Delphi method to acquire data membership degree of each factor; and fuzzy math to calculate the membership function of each numerical factor. Finally, the automatic and quantitative evaluation of local cultivated land was conducted successfully by computer analysis of information. The results showed that the fertility grades from first to sixth of the local farm land account for 8.8%, 13.84%, 20.29%, 36.63%, 16.83%, and 0.61%, respectively, and the overall farmland fertility is increasing in comparison with the second cultivated land survey. The availability of P and enrichment of organic nutrients are increasing, in contrast to a small decrease in pH and K of Grade-3 and upward. This study provides some basic information and scientific insights into specifically practical fertilization and recovery of degenerated and contaminated soil, for adjustment of agricultural structure and production of natural agriculture products. The methodology used in this study could also be adapted to other, similar Karst areas in our country.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Atoms - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Climatology - Colorimeters - Colorimetry - Extraction - Farms - Forestry - Geographic information systems  - Information management - Irrigation - Landforms - Membership functions - Nutrition - Organic acids - Soil pollution - Soils - Spectrophotometry - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural productivity - Atomic absorption spectrophotometry - Cultivated lands - Irrigation capacities - Quantitative evaluation - Scientific foundations - Stony desertifications
Classification code:941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 921 Mathematics - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 723.3 Database Systems - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 443 Meteorology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 461.7 Health Care
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20132016328334
Title:Expression and evaluation method of integrated modes for protected horticulture engineering
Authors:Qi, Fei (1); Zhou, Xinqun (3); Bao, Shunshu (1); Ding, Xiaoming (1); Wei, Xiaoming (1); Lian, Qinglong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Protected Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; (3) Science and Technology Department, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China
Corresponding author:Qi, F.(qf2008@188.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:195-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To guide the industrial development, it is an important way to grasp industry rules and apply these rules scientifically through establishing development modes. Development modes and integrated modes of protected agriculture engineering in China are featured with complexity and diversity, which means great difficulty in technical route choice and formation of outputs, therefore few authoritative and systematic modes are achieved. The open complicated giant system of dynamic horticultural facilities was reverted to 3 subsystems module, such as technology, organization and industry by using constructive methods of engineering integrative mode for protected horticulture. Based on the investigation and analysis of development modes for protected horticulture in more than 20 provinces, the characteristics of the subsystems were standardized by refining, induction and abstract, then they were overall coupled into integrative mode, which was given and expressed in modular way. There are 27 types of modular modes for protected horticulture in China. Nine modes with good representative and growth were selected as the evaluation modes. The nine kinds of mode are respectively the fragmentation of technology mode under spontaneous environment and farmer organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under spontaneous environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under spontaneous environment and enterprise organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under market environment and farmer organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and farmer organization, the fragmentation of technology mode under market environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and cooperation organization, the large-scale technology mode under market environment and enterprise organization, and the professional technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization. Then, decision-making and strategic analysis tools were taken as an example, on the basis of the specific period building model elements for dynamic evaluation, the characteristics and evolution regularity of modes in different periods was explored. Thereby, it provides a theoretical support and practical tool for evaluation, selection and optimization of general-specific mode. Dynamic matrix of 'advancement and reality' evaluation for the current mode and the forward mode was built by using Portfolio strategy analysis tools GE Mckinsey matrix principle. The market competitiveness (bargaining power, average yield, quality level), the anti-risk capability (anti-natural risk, anti-market risk, financing capacity), the sustainability (social sustainability, environmental sustainability), the market environment (convenience of linked-up market, price of affordability, trust of customer), the policy environment (completeness of policy, performance of policy, fund), the element environment (technical supply, human guarantee, land supply) were chosen for the evaluation indicators. Finally, three types of macro modes of protected horticulture in China, which should be developed and studied in the next eight to ten years, were evolved according to the evaluation matrix. Respectively, the first type was the large-scale technology mode under the market environment and cooperation organization; the second type was the large-scale technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization; the third type was the professional technology mode under the market environment and the enterprise organization. The results of the study will not only play an important role in the development of protected horticulture in current and future period in China, but also offer a new reference for the routes, methods and tools of the study of integrated mode in other areas of agricultural engineering.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Sustainable development
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agriculture - Commerce - Competition - Engineering - Integration - Technology
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental sustainability - Evaluation - Industrial development - Investigation and analysis - Mode - Protected agricultures - Protected horticulture - Selection and optimizations
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901 Engineering Profession - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.2 Calculus
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20132016328338
Title:Intrinsic driving force of rural land integrated consolidation
Authors:Zou, Wei (1); Hu, Li (1); Lin, Shumin (1); Hu, Feng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Hu, F.(fenghu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:224-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Urban-rural integrated development is one of the important topics of today's society and economic development in China. In recent years, being a crucial means of urban-rural integrated development, rural land integrated consolidation has received unprecedented advancement, which has also functioned positively in aspects such as alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of land, changing farmers' production and lifestyle, and so on. However, issues such as farmers' being forced to go upstairs and poverty due to going upstairs which went against farmers' will and did harm to farmers' right appeared in some places, and those issues have a negative influence on propelling consolidation activity. Some researchers and management levels expressed doubts about it, and a land-management department was once forced to suspend the approval of relevant project. Now, it is very urgent to clarify the relationship between rural land integrated consolidation and the urban-rural integrated development theoretically, discuss the inner driving force, and to implement the theory. Firstly, from the perspective of concept refreshment, this paper makes fundamental analysis of the connotation, nature, function, and significance of rural land integrated consolidation under urban-rural integrated development, proposes that rural land integrated consolidation is an vital path for urban-rural integrated development, and illuminates its relationship with land-utilization planning. The certain kind of consolidation has played an important historical role in fields such as protecting farmland, ensuring national food security, building homeland ecological security, solving issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, enhancing land resources' support capabilities for China's rapid economic development, and leapfrog development. Then from a macroscopic view, this paper analyzes the intrinsic driving force of rural land integrated consolidation from the aspects of the economy, society and politics. The economic driving force mainly answers four problems: supply and demand relationships and economic development status of land resources; land resources sustainable supply issues and challenges; main problems encountered in agricultural land utilization and agricultural development trends; and the inevitability of land resources management reform. The social driving force mainly analyzes from three aspects: urban and rural dualistic structure; the major contradictions and problems within rural society; and whether rural land integrated consolidation can promote the development of rural society. Political driving force centers on aspects such as the ruling party and whether the government should undertake the main responsibility in new rural construction; the urgency of improving and strengthening the rural power infrastructure at present; and whether rural land integrated consolidation can achieve the purpose of consolidation of rural regime. After that, along the logic chains of social and economic structure reform, land system reform, land integrated consolidation, and solutions for issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers after land consolidation, this paper attempts to think comprehensively and rationally about rural land integrated consolidation. It proposes that land reform is the cornerstone of deepening social and economic reform; rural land integrated consolidation is an important way of land reform, and society must make necessary adjustments to the current land management system and solve issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers after rural land integrated consolidation. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and advice on strengthening planning and management, building decision-making mechanisms, establishing specific funds, perfecting system of property rights and the legal system, rationalizing income distribution relationship, diversifying main-led and supporting system construction, and so on. This article's standpoint is rural development, and its principal line is land integrated consolidation is an internal need of rural development. The conclusion is that rural land integrated consolidation should be further advanced. However, the current land system needs reform and focus on solving issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers after rural land integrated consolidation. The author(s) believe(s) that rural land integrated consolidation is the inevitable choice for land resources management reform to adapt to the requirements of China's sustainable development, which can promote social development in rural areas and achieve the purpose of consolidation of the rural regime. The points mentioned above are novel.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Economics - Food supply - Land use - Laws and legislation - Management - Natural resources - Radar countermeasures - Regional planning - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Decision-making mechanisms - Driving forces - Economic development - Integrated development - Issues and challenges - New rural constructions - Power infrastructures
Classification code:912.2 Management - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 512 Petroleum and Related Deposits - 971 Social Sciences - 501 Exploration and Prospecting - 404.2 Civil Defense - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20132016328337
Title:Characteristics of nitrifier in sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal and recovery process
Authors:Zou, Haiming (1); L&#252;, Xiwu (1); Shi, Jing (1); Gu, Qian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (2) Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
Corresponding author:L&#252;, X.(xiwulv@seu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:218-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Nitrogen and phosphorus are known as two main factors contributing to eutrophication of water body. A novel two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal and phosphorus recovery process responsible for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was established in our previous studies. Many reports suggested that a better understanding of microbial communities in a wastewater treatment process could give an important guidance for stable operation as well as reconstruction. In addition, nitrification is the limiting procedure based on the theory of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. For this, this paper analyzed the microbial characteristics in nitrification pond within a two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal and phosphorus recovery process by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and the software of Image-Pro Plus (IPP). In this process, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) responsible for the transformation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite was significantly higher than that of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) capable of the conversion of nitrite to nitrate. According to the FISH analysis, the proportion of AOB to total bacteria was 46.2%, while NOB was 28.5%. Generally, the AOB was close to the external layer of sludge granule while the NOB was in the internal layer. From SEM, the nitrifiers in the nitrification pond were typically coccus or short rods and preferably grown the dense clusters. The aggregates formed by the AOB were bigger than those of NOB tending to combine with several cells. Based on the three dimensional graphs of microstructures of nitrification sludge analyzed by using IPP software, it was found that the structure was density in the external layer, while that was loose in the internal layer and much void or hollows were found as well, which might be due to the difference of the abundance of microorganisms and the concentrations of nutrients and oxygen between the external and the internal. In conclusion, compared with the conventional single-sludge wastewater treatment processes, two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal processes have a great advantage to enrich the nitrifiers. Therefore, these results obtained here could be effective for optimization of process parameters or construction of pilot plant and design of wastewater treatment process responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus removal as well.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Compensation (personnel) - Denitrification - Eutrophication - Fish - Fluorescence microscopy - Lakes - Nitrification - Nitrogen - Phosphorus  - Pilot plants - Reclamation - Scanning electron microscopy - Sludge digestion - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia oxidizing bacteria - Denitrifying phosphorus removal - Fluorescence in situ hybridization - Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria - Nitrogen and phosphorus removal - Optimization of process parameters - Scanning electron micrographs - Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removals
Classification code:912.4 Personnel - 912.1 Industrial Engineering - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 741.1 Light/Optics - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 453 Water Pollution - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20132016328316
Title:Performance experiments of bowl dish precision seeder for rice in filling processing
Authors:Tao, Guixiang (1); Yi, Shujuan (1); Wang, Chun (1); Mao, Xin (1); Wang, Ruihan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
Corresponding author:Yi, S.(yishujiuan_2005@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:44-50
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Bowl dish precision seeder for rice mainly includes a filling process and a dropping process. In the course of sowing, rice was filled into shaped hole at first, and fell into trays finally by flap driven. In filling process, there are differences in physical characteristics among rice, feature of bud easily injured and interactive effect of structural parameters that create some difficulties in determining the optimal structure parameters. According to commonly data used in production and previous test results, there are three main factors: the diameter of the shaped hole, the thickness of shaped hole and seed boxes velocity that impact filling performance. In order to optimize the parameters of rice bowl dish precision seeder, and improve its filling performance, on condition that brush seed wheels diameter is 78 mm, brush seed wheels high is 3 mm, shaped hole center distance is 19.3 mm, seed box wide is 342 mm, shaped hole is round, rice varieties is kongyu131, bud length is 1-2 mm, rice length 7.0-7.4 mm, rice wide is 3.6-4.0 mm, rice thickness is 2.3-2.6 mm, selected shaped hole diameter, shaped hole thickness and seed boxes velocity as experimental factors, selected filling rate, hole rate and damage rate as performance indicators. The model was established considering nonlinear regression between shaped hole diameter, shaped hole thickness and seed boxes velocity and filling rate, hole rate and damage rate using self-developed rice bowl dish precision seeder by quadratic orthogonal rotary experiments. The method can overcome the shortcomings of the conventional orthogonal experiment. Statistical analysis by computer, and simulation optimization, identify the best combination of the multiple factors and trends. The research results can provide a reference for the design and performance improvement of a rice bowl dish precision seeder. The experimental results showed: 1) the influences of shaped hole diameter, shaped hole thickness and seed boxes velocity on the rate of filling and the rate of cavity were investigated. The results showed that the research results can provide a reference for the design and performance improvement of a rice bowl dish precision seeder; 2) When brush seed wheels diameter is 78 mm, brush seed wheels high is 3 mm, shaped hole center distance is 19.3 mm, seed box wide is 342 mm, shaped hole is round, rice varieties is kongyu131, bud length is 1-2 mm, rice length 7.0-7.4 mm, rice wide is 3.6-4.0 mm, rice thickness is 2.3-2.6 mm, the sequences of factors, which influence the rate of filling and the rate of cavity were shaped hole diameter, shaped hole thickness and seed boxes velocity, and that influenced the rate of damage rate was shaped hole diameter, seed boxes velocity and shaped hole thickness. Optimal parameters of rice bowl dish precision seeder were as abstained that shaped hole diameter was 10 mm, shaped hole thickness was 4mm, seed boxes velocity was 0.115 m/s via optimizing the hole diameter, shaped hole thickness and seed boxes velocity; 3) main performance indicators were filling rate 94.81%, damage rate 0.479%, cavity rate 0.46% under the better combinations of process parameters conditions by experimental verification under the same conditions.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Filling
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Benchmarking - Brushes - Computer simulation - Digital storage - Experiments - Seed - Structural optimization - Velocity - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Bowl dish precision seeder - Experimental verification - Performance experiment - Performance improvements - Performance indicators - Physical characteristics - Rice - Simulation optimization
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 601.2 Machine Components - 723.5 Computer Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20132016328330
Title:Model of characteristic parameter for forest plantation with data obtained by light small aerial remote sensing system
Authors:Wang, Jia (1); Yang, Huiqiao (1); Feng, Zhongke (1); Xing, Zhe (1); He, Cheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Survey and 3S Technology Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Z.(34247763@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:164-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Airborne lidar and digital aerial photography, in a light small aerial remote sensing system, can obtain three-dimensional coordinates to the quantitative estimate of forest parameters, and in particular have unique advantages in terms of tree height and forest spatial structure estimation. Even though China mainly uses foreign aerial photography system, this study, based on Chinese self-developed high-precision small aerial remote sensing system, established a model between remote sensing data and the ground forestry stand value, and evaluated the accuracy of the model and the feasibility of the aviation system in forestry. The Chinese pine plantation in Shangcheng City, Henan Province was chosen for the study area, and a standard single tree was chosen in the 40 sample plots. The tree height and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) measured by traditional methods were treated as the reference values. A photographic image obtained by the aerial digital photography system was transformed to an orthophoto through mosaic, matching, and stitching processes. With the adjacent pixel-comparison method, the tree crown width was extracted from the orthophoto based on the object-oriented fuzzy algorithm. After noise removal, point cloud data obtained by airborne LIDAR (light detection and ranging) generated a digital elevation model (DEM) and digital surface model (DSM) through an interpolation algorithm. Thus the tree height model is obtained by subtraction. In this paper, based on the 30 sample trees, the linear regression model for tree height was built between LIDAR data and field survey data with model correlation coefficient R² of 0.895. The relationship is remarkable. The linear regression model for DBH was built by the average tree crown width extracted by aerial images and field survey DBH data, and R is 0.876, also a remarkable result. Based on the other 10 sample trees, the accuracies of tree height model and DBH model were estimated. The height model's overall relative error RS was 0.8%, the average relative error E&macr; was 0.71%, and the estimated precision P was 97.5%. Therefore, the forecast accuracy is high and can achieve the forestry production requirement standard error of less than 5%. The DBH model's overall relative error RS is -1.9%, the average relative error is E&macr; -2.0%, and forecast precision P is 91.6%.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Aerial photography - Algorithms - Fuzzy sets - Image processing - Linear regression - Mathematical models - Optical radar - Photographic equipment - Radar - Remote sensing  - Space applications - Surveys - Timber
Uncontrolled terms:Aerial images - Characteristic parameter - Diameter-at-breast heights - Forest spatial structure - Interpolation algorithms - Linear regression models - Three dimensional coordinate - Tree height
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 742.1 Photography - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 656 Space Flight - 415.3 Wood Structural Materials - 405.3 Surveying
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20132016328319
Title:Analysis of strengthening local cooling on diesel cylinder head using nano-fluids with jet impingement technology
Authors:Zheng, Wei (1); Su, Zhonggen (1); Zhang, Zhendong (1); Cheng, Qiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering in University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, W.(andyzeen@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:69-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Diesel engines, as an important power source for machinery, are increasingly subject to people's attention. Only with better cooling systems can they put up better work performance. Because coolant flow in the cylinder heads is difficult, how to better cool this part is becoming a hot point in the researching world. To solve the problem of cooling the high heat density areas in diesel cylinder heads, our study used nanofluids with jet impingement technology, due to better capacity of heat transmission of nanofluids and better capacity of local cooling of jet impingement technology. Thoroughly configuring different volume ratios of nanofluids, using the nanoparticles Cu, MgO, and Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, we researched the change regulation of the heat transfer ability of diesel cylinder heads with self-made jet impingement equipment. The results showed that, compared with traditional coolant, using three kinds of nanofluids with jet impingement can enhance the heat transfer performance several degrees at high heat density areas in the cylinder heads. With proper setting of the jet impingement parameters, the largest local ratio increase was 110%. Different volume ratios of nanofluids took different variation trends of the heat transfer coefficient. In the volume ratio of less than 2%, the jet heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids decreased with particle concentration, and with the further increase of particle concentration the heat coefficient continued to decrease. This increase in nanoparticles increased the viscosity level of the nanofluids, resulting in decreased fluid flow. With the increase of jet velocity, the heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluids increased, but the heat transfer coefficient of MgO was the lowest at low-speed, even lower than traditional coolant at 2%~4%; the viscosity number of MgO nanofluids was the largest, so too low of a jet speed can make fluid flow difficult. With the increasing jet height, the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids also increased, but the exorbitant jet height was counterproductive. Different jet heights created a varying jet impingement spread, yet only a suitable jet distance can produce better heat transfer. With the increase of jet angles, the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids increased, but when jet angles decreased, the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids not only were decreased but also took the phenomenon of inconsistent temperature. Too small of a jet angle made the maximum gap of nearly 30&deg;C from different test points, that is to say, different test point existed different test temperature. This phenomenon of temperature inconsistencies made this new technology engineering application limited. Jet heat transfer coefficient increased with initial temperature, but after 65&deg;C, the heat transfer coefficient is decreased with increasing initial jet temperature. The increase of the concentration of particles also increases the power consumption of the electric pump. The maximum power loss was 115 W in testing; if this technology is desired in engineering applications, the researchers must think of better ways to minimize this kind of power loss as much as possible. The results of this research, as an application based research, provides new research ideas for better cooling of the cylinder heads' local high heat density area.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Nanofluidics
Controlled terms:Coolants - Cooling - Cylinder heads - Diesel engines - Flow of fluids - Heat transfer - Heat transfer coefficients - Jets - Machinery - Magnesia  - Nanoparticles - Process monitoring - Research - Technology - Transmissions - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Engineering applications - Experimental - Heat transfer performance - Heat transmission - Initial temperatures - Nanofluids - Particle concentrations - Test temperatures
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 901 Engineering Profession - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 761 Nanotechnology - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 708 Electric and Magnetic Materials - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 601 Mechanical Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20132016328315
Title:Performance test and analysis of rape multi cylinder threshing and separating device
Authors:Li, Yaoming (1); Sun, Tao (1); Xu, Lizhang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.(ymli@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:36-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Problem Statement: The rape plant area is the largest in oil-bearing crops in China and accounts for a quarter of the total rape plant population in the world. However, uneven maturity of this rape limits the development of rape harvest mechanization. Currently, most researchers focus on a threshing and separating device known as a single-axial cylinder, the characteristics of which include short separating process duration, high harvest loss, and high trash content in the seed container. On the other hand, multi-cylinders, which are also threshing and separating devices, have advantages such as less damage to seeds and better performance in threshing and separating with long separating duration, large separating area, large concave drum gap and low speed. Thus, it is essential to study the optimal structure and operation parameters of the multi-cylinder threshing and separating devices. Approach: In order to obtain the optimal structure and operation parameters of the multi-cylinder threshing and separating devices for combine harvesters, comparative tests were carried out on a test bed. One combination was a tangential-horizontal axial flow (two cylinders: the first a tangential flow cylinder and the second a horizontal axial flow cylinder). The other was a tangential-horizontal-horizontal axial flow (three cylinders: the first a tangential flow cylinder and the second and third horizontal axial flow cylinders). The tests were conducted separately for both combinations using different feed rates, cylinder speeds, concave clearances, and tooth threshing bars. The test bed was subject to modularization. The tangential flow cylinder and horizontal axial flow cylinder were relatively simple to assemble and disassemble. The torque-speed sensors (Westzh Company, Type CYB-803S, Accuracy &plusmn;0.5% FS) were installed into the driving shafts of the threshing cylinders. The structure parameters and operation parameters were adjusted and the linear velocity of the conveyor belt, rotational speed of each cylinder, and torque were recorded in Computer. The axial distribution of the seed, MOG (other-than-grain), power consumption of each cylinder, and loss rate were examined through the use of an orthogonal experiment. The distribution of threshed material was tested and analyzed, and the threshing loss of the experiment was acquired using the Visual Analysis Method, and the corresponding power consumption of each cylinder was calculated. The optimal structure and operation parameters of the multi-cylinder threshing and separating devices were obtained through the comparison of threshing loss and threshing power consumption of the two combinations. Results: After a comparison of the threshing rate and threshing power consumption under the same conditions was conducted, it was found that the use of the tangential-horizontal-horizontal axial flow device was far better than that of the tangential-horizontal axial flow device. The experiment results indicated that the quality distribution of seed and MOG under the first and second threshing and separating cylinder were similar in both combinations of tangential-horizontal axial flow and tangential-horizontal-horizontal axial flow, and that the quality rate of seed to MOG was near to 1 under the first cylinder. Based on the analysis of the orthogonal experiment, the feed rate and drum speed were found to be the major factors that influenced the loss rate. Conclusions: Optimal combination of minimum loss rate was obtained from the tangential-horizontal-horizontal axial flow threshing device with a feed rate of 1.8kg/s, speeds of 800, 850, 900r/min and concave clearance 20, 25 and 30mm for the tangential cylinder, the first horizontal cylinder and the second horizontal cylinder, respectively, and 3-row spike.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Cylinders (containers)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Axial flow - Belt conveyors - Combines - Crops - Cylinders (shapes) - Equipment testing - Experiments - Harvesters - Modular construction  - Separation - Speed - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Horizontal cylinders - Operation parameters - Orthogonal experiment - Quality distribution - Rape - Structure parameter - Test - Threshing and separating
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 405.2 Construction Methods - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 692.1 Conveyors - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20132016328323
Title:Mitigation of methane emissions from paddy fields under controlled irrigation
Authors:Peng, Shizhang (1); He, Yupu (1); Yang, Shihong (1); Xu, Junzeng (1); Hou, Huijing (3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Yang, S.(ysh7731@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:100-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the influence of soil moisture regulation on methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) emissions under water-saving irrigation and look for an irrigation mode for rice that would save water while simultaneously limiting CH<inf>4</inf> emissions, the regularity of CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from paddy fields under controlled irrigation was analyzed based on 5 years' of field experiment data. Two different irrigation managements were conducted as follows with the same rice variety, cultivation practices and plant protection measures: controlled irrigation (CI) and irrigated intermittently flooded single aeration irrigation (FI). Rice was cultivated in a 150 m² (20 m&times;7.5 m) plot between 2006 and 2007, each plot was separated by brick concrete with a height of 30 cm and width of 30 cm. Plastic anti-seepage films were inserted into soil plough layer to a depth of 50cm to isolate water exchange between the plots. For exploring the influence of rainfall on CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from irrigated paddy fields and controlling soil moisture accurately, experiments were conducted in lysimeter with mobile canopy between 2009 and 2011, and each plot area was 5 m²(2.5 m&times;2 m). Gas samples were collected using manual static chamber and were analyzed by a gas chromatograph (ShimadzuGC-14B) with a flame ionization detector (FID) for CH<inf>4</inf> concentration. The results showed that the total CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from CI paddy fields were 1.07&plusmn;0.17g/m², which was significantly reduced by 83.5% compared with FI paddy fields (6.49&plusmn;0.17 g/m²). Total seasonal and annual CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from CI and FI paddy fields located in Southeast China were lower than the reported values. Meanwhile, the total annual CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from controlled irrigation paddy fields was lower than that of paddy filed in most parts of the World. When compared to irrigated intermittently flooded multiple aeration, irrigated intermittently flooded single aeration and irrigated continuously flooded paddy fields, seasonal CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from CI paddy fields decreased 94.7%, 97.1% and 99.0% respectively. Annual total CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from CI paddy fields was reduced by 87.4%, 84.0% and 33.8% than that of irrigated continuously flooded, irrigated intermittently flooded single aeration and irrigated intermittently flooded multiple aeration paddy fields in most parts of the World. The controlled irrigation mode significantly changed CH<inf>4</inf> emissions law from paddy fields and also reduced the emission peak. The CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from paddy fields under controlled irrigation were high between turning-green stage and middle tillering stage (DAP&le18), then reduced and maintained low level beginning from late tillering stage (DAP=21). The peak flux of methane emission from paddy fields under controlled irrigation was 3.69 mg/(m² &middot h), which was 69.0% lower than that of irrigated intermittently flooded single aeration irrigation. The CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from paddy fields under controlled irrigation and irrigated intermittently flooded single aeration irrigation were began to reduce due to persistent rainfall. The increase of water depth due to the persistent rainfall, and decrease of CH<inf>4</inf> emissions was observed in the rainfall. Meanwhile, the low soil temperature maintained in the progress of persistent rainfall also impeded CH<inf>4</inf> production. The soil moisture regulation under controlled irrigation resulted in a series of dewatering in paddy field and changed the oxygen supply in soil rooting profile, finally reduced the total CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from paddy fields. The controlled irrigation mode could significantly reduce CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from paddy fields.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Floods - Methane - Moisture - Rain - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled irrigations - Flame ionization detectors - Gas chromatographs - Irrigation management - Irrigation modes - Methane emissions - Paddy fields - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 522 Gas Fuels - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20132016328321
Title:Effects of different residual plastic film quantities in soil on drip infiltration and its uncertainty analysis
Authors:Li, Xianyue (1); Shi, Haibin (1); L&#252;, Ye (2); Wang, Zhichao (1); Lin, Yuxin (1); Li, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Corresponding author:Shi, H.(shi_haibin@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:84-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The quantities of residual plastic film in soil will further increase with the wide application of agricultural plastic mulching film, and the residual plastic film in soil will not only influence soil water movement, but also lower the infiltration properties. In the study, the experiments with six treatments and Three-time repetition were carried out in Huhhot, China, which included three kinds of cumulative quantities of residual plastic film (0, 5, 20 kg/hm^-2), and two kinds of dripper discharges (0.5 and 2 L/h). The effects of different cumulative quantities of residual film and different dripper discharge on the drip wetting front and wetting patterns were studied by experiments and mathematical analysis, and the uncertain infiltration model was proposed on the basis of Kostiakov infiltration model, and the uncertainties of infiltration rate for different cumulative quantities of residual film treatments were quantitatively analyzed and compared using Bayesian analysis. The results showed that migration distances of drip wetting front decreased significantly with the increase of residual film for all treatments in the same period of time, especially that the effect of residual film on migration distance of drip wetting front in vertical direction were more significantly different (p&lt;0.01) for high dripper discharge in the phase of soil water redistribution. When cumulative quantities of residual plastic film increased in soil, the drip infiltration rate would significantly slow down, which caused that the drip wetting patterns were smaller, and the drip wetting patterns of vertical direction under residual plastic film treatments were 10%-20% lower than that under the non-film treatment. In the meantime, cumulative quantities of residual plastic film had irregularly changed for the wetting patterns in the residual film region between 10 and 20 cm soil layer, and the more cumulative quantities of residual plastic film, the more irregular variety for wetting patterns. As the residual film increased, the posterior parameters standard error of uncertain infiltration model based on Kostiakov model apparently increased, and 95% posterior distribution interval were also enlarged using Bayesian analysis, and the effect of infiltration uncertainties for high dripper discharge (2 L/h) were more significant, which explained the augment of cumulative quantities of residual plastic film and increased the uncertainties of infiltration rate because of randomness of residual film location and the uncertainties of mixing compactness between residual film and soil. In conclusion, agricultural plastic mulching film would increase uncertainties of drip infiltration.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Experiments - Geologic models - Irrigation - Plastic films - Soil moisture - Soils - Uncertainty analysis - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural plastics - Infiltration models - Mathematical analysis - Migration distance - Posterior distributions - Residual films - Soil water movement - Vertical direction
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 817.1 Polymer Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20132016328322
Title:Effects of plastic film residue on cotton yield and soil physical and chemical properties in Xinjiang
Authors:Dong, Hegan (1); Liu, Tong (1); Li, Yongguan (1); Liu, Huafeng (1); Wang, Dong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, T.(liutong1968@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:91-99
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Background: Xinjiang is currently one of China's three largest cotton-planting regions. Cotton plantations account for more than half of the total agricultural area in Xinjiang. All cotton plantations in Xinjiang involve film mulching. However, this leaves behind plastic film residue, which has become a very serious problem. The average residual percentage is 24%, allowing plastic film residue to seriously harm soil quality and cotton yield. At present, because cotton yield has been improved, little attention has been paid to the hazards of plastic film residue. Purpose: The paper analyzed the effects of plastic film residue accumulation on soil quality and cotton yield by setting a density gradient. The paper studied the trends in and reasons for yield variation. Differences between cotton varieties with different root depths were compared. Method: On the basis of the complete survey of plastic film residue in the production area of short-staple cotton in northern Xinjiang, 6 density plastic film residue gradients were vetted based on the number of continuous years of film mulching: 0 (0 years), 250 kg/hm² (13 years), 500 kg/hm² (31 years), 1000 kg/hm² (68 years), 1500 kg/hm² (104 years), and 2000 kg/hm² (141 years). The weight ratio of plastic film residues of 0-25, 25-100, and 100-200 cm² was 1: 1: 1, and the films were mixed into the soil at a uniform depth of 0-40 cm. Cotton varieties included "Xinluzao 33" (deep root system) and "Xinluzao 13" (shallow root system). The area of each plot was 10 m² and each gradient was evaluated three times. Yield-related traits and the physiochemical characteristics of the soil were studied. Conclusion: The density of plastic film residue can reach 1000 kg/hm² after 68 years of continuous film mulching, and the cotton yield of "Xinluzao 33" and "Xinluzao 13" was found to decrease by 18.1% and 13.5%, respectively. The stand establishment rates decreased by 8.4% and 16.5%, respectively, and the degrees of precocity increased by 17.0% and 26.7%, respectively. The density of plastic film residue was found to reach 2000 kg/hm² after 141 years of continuous film mulching, and the yields of the two varieties decreased by 38.3% and 45.2%. Stand establishment decreased by 13.0% and 21.1%, and degrees of precocity increased by 32.2% and 27.7%. The yield of "Xinluzao 33" decreased significantly when film density was 500 kg/hm². The yield of "Xinluzao 13" decreased significantly when film density reached 1000 kg/hm² and decreased again at 2000 kg/hm². Biomass, root/shoot ratio, and root surface area were significantly different from the control group. High concentrations of plastic film residue caused soil quality to deteriorate and caused uneven distribution of soil moisture. When the density of soil plastic film residue exceeded 1000 kg/hm², the infiltration of soil moisture was hindered. Soil moisture levels decreased significantly at depths of 30-40 cm. Plastic film residue was found to cause depletion of soil nutrients. When the density of soil plastic film residue reached 2000 kg/hm², pH increased by 10.1%, and organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis of N, available P, and available K decreased by 16.7%, 55.0%, 60.3%, and 17.9%, respectively. Significance: It is the first time that we studied the effects of plastic film residue accumulation on soil quality and cotton yield by setting density plastic film residue gradients, and made clear the damage degree of film residue. Without timely measures, it will seriously endanger the sustainable development of cotton and the sustainable use of land. We found applying and cultivating deep root system cotton could mitigate the hazards of residual film. This study provided theoretical support for the reasonable preventive measures of government and cotton growers.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Cotton - Forestry - Hazards - Plastic films - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Alkaline hydrolysis - Mulch residues - Plastic film residues - Preventive measures - Shallow root system - Soil physical and chemical properties - Stand establishment - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20132016328320
Title:Combustion process analysis of methanol/diesel dual fuel engine
Authors:Wang, Zhong (1); Li, Renchun (1); Zhang, Dengpan (1); Li, Mingdi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Z.(wangzhong@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:78-83
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In recent years, environment concerns and depletion in petroleum resources have forced researchers to concentrate on exploiting renewable alternatives fuels. As a renewable and alternative fuel, methanol has gained great attendance. As for the application of methanol on compression ignition engines, researchers have focused on partial replacement of diesel with methanol, either blended with diesel or injected into the air intake. Due to the poor miscibility of diesel and methanol, an additive has to be added to form steady methanol/diesel blends. However, majority of these additives have bad influence on NOX emission. Methanol and diesel can also be applied separately to the engine. Dual injection system is one method, which is difficult and expensive to develop. Compared with other methods, intake premixed methanol is more flexible in operation and has greater potential to applied to practical application. In this paper, the methanol injection system was optimally designed according to the former investigation on air-methanol mixture formation inside internal combustion engine. However, previous research results showed that severe knock would happen at high load with high proportion of methanol. In addition, the intake charge temperature declined, owing to the high level of methanol vaporization latent heat. Thirdly, with the addition of methanol, high temperature and low temperature exothermic reaction were delayed, and the ignition delay of dual fuel was prolonged. The premixed methanol injection was controlled by intake manifold electrically system, and the combustion process of methanol/diesel dual fuel was experimentally investigated. Based on the experimental results, the optimization and application of methanol injection system were proposed, and make sure that the output power of optimized dual engine hardly changed. The experimental research was carried out on 4B26 turbocharged diesel engine. The tests were conducted at four different methanol proportion (0, 30%, 40%, and 50%) by changing the methanol injection pulse width. All tests were conducted at two different loads (30%, 80%) at constant engine speed of 2200 rpm. The experimental test results showed that at low load, the peak heat release rate hardly changed, the peak in-cylinder pressure, temperature and ignition delay significantly increased with the increase of premixed methanol proportion. At high load, the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and peak heat release rate increased, the ignition delay and combustion duration period shortened. At the load of 80% and methanol proportion of 50%, compared with original diesel engine, the premixed burning amount increased, the peak pressure and release rate value of dual fuel increased by 12.1% and 37.7% respectively. It is necessary to optimize the control strategy of methanol/diesel dual engine. According to the influence of dual engine fueled with different methanol proportion on combustion process, the range of methanol proportion was proposed. At the maximum torque speed, the 15%-55% methanol proportion was applicable under different operating condition. High proportion of methanol was available at low load. Nevertheless, with increase of engine load, the methanol proportion has to be strictly controlled. At the load of 80%, because of the limitation of knock, the proportion of methanol should be less than 15%.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Methanol
Controlled terms:Additives - Alternative fuels - Combustion - Diesel engines - Dual fuel engines - Ignition - Optimization - Petroleum deposits - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Compression ignition engine - Different operating conditions - Experimental research - Intake charge temperature - Peak heat release rates - Peak in-cylinder pressures - Premixed - Turbocharged diesel engine
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 512.1 Petroleum Deposits
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20132016328336
Title:Solid state fermentation of biogas residues for production of Bacillus thuringiensis based bio-pesticide
Authors:Zhang, Weiwei (1); Gong, Aijun (1); Qiu, Lina (1); Yao, Rulei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Gong, A.(gongaijun5661@ustb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:212-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Biogas residue is the main byproduct from the biogas process. It has been widely used in agriculture and stockbreeding for its rich content of nutriments and microelements. Bio-pesticides derived from Bacillus thuringiensis are the most well-known biological agents for selective control of pest insects. However, the high cost of raw materials is one of the key factors hindering their development speed and scale. Recently, some cheap raw materials such as maize starch, wheat bran, rice straw and wastewater sludge have been successfully substituted for more expensive media. Biogas residue is renewable, low-cost, and is composed of organic material that contains the necessary nutritional elements to sustain the growth of microbes. In this study, Biogas residues were used as a substrate for bio-pesticides production by solid state fermentation. Principal component analysis of biogas residue indicated that it was well suited for the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis in the experiments. The culture medium recipe was optimized by the orthogonal test. Brewer's grain, corn meal, soybean cake power and mixed ions were chosen to carry out the study. The results showed that brewer's grain had the biggest effects on the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis and then followed the growth effects of corn meal, soybean cake power and mixed ions. Ultimately, the optimum media were 50% biogas residues, 35% brewer's grain, 10% corn meal, and 5% soybean cake power. This article compared the fermentation process among conventional media, only biogas residues media and the optimum media, under the optimized conditions. Spore counts of 5.23&times;10¹⁰ CFU/g and entomotoxicity of 16100 IU/mg were obtained after 48h fermentation, while 2.55&times;10¹⁰ CFU/g spore counts and 12500 IU/mg entomotoxicity were obtained in the conventional medium, and 1.74&times;10⁸ CFU/g spore counts and 6000 IU/mg entomotoxicity were found in the only biogas residue medium. At last, by comparing the cost between conventional medium and the optimum media, the cost could be lowered by 36.3%. The present study proved the feasibility of using kitchen waste for the production of bio-pesticides, and it seemed to be a promising alternative for the use of conventional mediums to reduce the costs.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Costs - Fermentation - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Oilseeds - Optimization - Pesticides - Principal component analysis  - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Bacillus thuringiensis - Biogas residues - Biological agents - Fermentation process - Nutritional elements - Optimized conditions - Solid-state fermentation - Wastewater sludge
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 801 Chemistry - 522 Gas Fuels - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 801.2 Biochemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20132016328325
Title:Temporal-spatial analysis of farmland evapotranspiration based on complementary relationship model and IKONOS data
Authors:Zhao, Chunjiang (1); Yang, Guijun (1); Xue, Xuzhang (1); Feng, Haikuan (1); Shi, Yuechan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (2) The National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Yang, G.(guijun.yang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:115-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Mapping high spatial-temporal resolution evapotranspiration (ET) over large areas is important for water resources planning, precision irrigation and monitoring water use efficiency. Recently accurate estimation of ET is becoming available via a number of methods using surface meteorological and sounding observations, which are used to represent only local processes, meet insuperably difficulty to mapping ET in large areas due to land surface heterogeneity and the dynamic nature of the heat transfer processes. Satellite remote sensing is a promising tool for this purpose. Nevertheless, most of the existing techniques of ET estimation from satellite remote sensing are not satisfactory, because satellite monitoring of ET has not been feasible at high pixel resolution. Therefore, using traditional measurements and high resolution image data to generate high spatial-temporal resolution ET is becoming an important research direction. In this paper, the complementary relationship model (CR) was employed together with meteorological data to estimate actual ET, and the results were validated by lysimeter observation. Furthermore, CR model was combined with high resolution image, IKONOS data, to estimate instantaneous field scale ET and they also were transferred into daily ET. The cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) of winter wheat during the reproductive phase from March to June of 2011 was 469.12 mm, essentially corresponding to the annual precipitation in the Beijing area. The most high accuracy of estimated ET by CR model is also on May(R²=0.863, RMSE=0.103 mm). The daytime ET accounted for 86% of the total ET for the four-month period, while the nighttime ET constituted the remaining 14% of the total. Therefore, the nighttime ET must also be considered. The transferred daily ET by self-preservation of evaporative fraction(EF) method were consistent with lysimeter measurements for all four months(R²=0.937, RMSE=0.668 mm). The estimated daily ET by the EF method was consistent with lysimeter measurement for each of the four months. The IKONOS image-based instantaneous and daily ET over vegetation-covered area increased with increment of leaf area index (LAI) and decreased with increment of albedo. It was proved in this study that CR model can be used to estimate precision field scale ET with meteorological data and high resolution remote sensing data together in a region with limited ground data availability, e.g. without soil moisture and surface temperature.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Estimation - Evapotranspiration - Lysimeters - Meteorology - Models - Remote sensing - Satellites - Soil moisture - Surface properties  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Complementary relationship - Heat transfer process - High resolution image - High resolution remote sensing - IKONOS - Satellite monitoring - Satellite remote sensing - Water resources planning
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 731.1 Control Systems - 655.2 Satellites - 951 Materials Science - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444.1 Surface Water - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443 Meteorology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20132016328318
Title:Development and test on three dimension force monitoring system for farming machinery based on wireless sensor network
Authors:Yin, Yanxin (1); Zheng, Yongjun (1); Xu, Bo (1); Tan, Yu (1); Wang, Shumao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering of China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Y.(zyj@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:62-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With energy consuming seriously increasing, energy conservation became important in every industry. In agricultural areas, focus was fixed on the energy conservation of farming machinery. An effective way to analysis energy consumption and work efficiency by measuring the force of the key part of farming machinery became a hot research topic due to the fact that the force could partly reflect the energy consumption and work efficiency of farming machinery. In this paper, a remote real time monitor system based on WSN was designed for the purpose of monitoring three dimension forces on farming machinery during work time, and meantime it was able to give alarm when the monitored signal was out of the pre-supposed range. For measuring and transmitting sensors' signal, the system adopted the Zigbee protocol based WSN to realize data acquisition and transmission. A wireless data collector was designed with a JN5139 wireless module as its main processor, in which an analog signal adjusting circuit was designed for measuring different range signals. The JN5139 module has a serial interface with TTL signal output, in order to connect the collector to a computer by a serial interface cable, a TTL to RS232 signal circuit was necessary. In addition, the collector's power consumption was supplied by a rechargeable battery, and a power management circuit was required. For exchanging, processing and monitoring data from WSN, an embedded processor ARM11 was put to use as the central processor unit of the monitor device, and on which, a Wince6.0 software environment was established. For watching and operating easily, a human-computer interface software was developed under VS2005 by the C programming language. By the help of the human-computer interface software, the serial interface parameter could be set for matching the serial interface in collector and the three dimension forces threshold could be set ether for giving alarm and besides, the monitor data could be saved to a storage device for further research. Six tension sensors were fixed on a portal frame made of plates which was finally fixed on farming machinery in particular positions as a force transmission structure between the tractor and farming machinery, by which the tension signal was measured. For testing the performance of the monitor system, a farming machinery three dimension forces monitor experiment was made on soil-bin. The curves of three dimension force and torque indicated that with the deepening of tilling depth, three dimension forces created by farming machinery was increased, which indicated that the tractor power output was also increasing. A three dimension forces monitor system based on WSN research showed that the system was not only stable and reliable on data acquisition and transmission, but also gave an alarm when the tension signal got out of a pre-set range, and it realized three dimension forces of farming machinery monitor and data store with a good operable human-computer interface, besides, the system solved cabling difficulty, poor extensibility in three dimension forces monitor by way of a wire. Research results indicated that the system could be used to monitor three dimension forces of farming machinery in real time, which could contribute to the research of the design of farming machinery.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Alarm systems - Analog circuits - ARM processors - Bins - Computer software - Data acquisition - Data handling - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Interfaces (computer)  - Machine design - Machinery - Research - Sensors - Soil testing - Tractors (truck) - Virtual storage - Wireless sensor networks - Zigbee
Uncontrolled terms:3D force - Agriculture machinery - Central processor units - Data acquisition and transmissions - Human computer interfaces - Power management circuits - Real time monitor systems - Soil-bin
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 801 Chemistry - 901.3 Engineering Research - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 601 Mechanical Design - 694.4 Storage - 713 Electronic Circuits - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20132016328313
Title:Parametric analysis and inversion of transplanting mechanism with planetary non-circular gears for potted-seedling transplanter
Authors:Chen, Jianneng (1); Huang, Qianze (1); Wang, Ying (1); Sun, Liang (1); Zhao, Xiong (1); Wu, Chuanyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Corresponding author:Chen, J.(jiannengchen@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:18-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The transplanting mechanism is the ultimate mechanism that plants seedlings into fields, and whose performance directly affects the verticality rate and injury rate of seedlings, thus affecting the survival rate of seedlings and final productivity. At present, in order to achieve "zero speed" transplanting to improve upright degree after transplanting, research into transplanting mechanisms focus on the trajectory of the transplanting tip and planting speed. However, due to the diversity of seedling organisms and the kinematic accuracy of transplanting mechanism, it is still difficult to achieve "zero speed" transplanting; thus, the upright degree of seedlings cannot be guaranteed. To meet the agricultural demands of seedling transplanting in dry land, the transplanting mechanism with planetary non-circular gears was proposed. Several discrete points on the motion trace of the transplanting tip were selected as data points, and then the cubic non-uniform B-spline curve was applied to control and express the whole trace curve. On this basis, the parameter inverse model aimed to the curve of this mechanism was established, and the equations of (angular) displacement, (angular) velocity, and (angular) acceleration for the transplanting tip were deduced. The parameter inverse and design software for this mechanism, based on the development platform of MATLAB GUI, was compiled to analyze the effect of several main date points on the trajectory and posture of the transplanting tip and the hole shape. On the basis of the analysis of the effect of the data points, and in order to meet the demands of the trajectory and posture of the transplanting tip and the hole shape, the data points were adjusted to optimize the mechanism parameters by the software. The new mechanism parameters improved the verticality rate of seedlings and reduced the injury rate of seedlings. The data points affected the inclination angle between the transplanting tip and horizontal axis when catching seedlings, the posture of the transplanting tip when planting, and the shape of motion trajectory and hole in the process as the transplanting tip exited from the hole to the height of seedling after transplanting. This method is intuitive and convenient, so it is suitable for the study of the mechanism that has complicated demands for posture of trajectory. Compared with the seven-linkage transplanting mechanism, the multi-linkage transplanting mechanism and the transplanting mechanism with planetary elliptic gears, this transplanting mechanism has higher verticality rate of seedlings and lower injury rate of seedlings. At the same time, its' maximum acceleration and the fluctuation range of acceleration is smaller, so it works smoothly.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Curve fitting - Gears - Kinematics - MATLAB - Mechanisms - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Development platform - Maximum acceleration - Non-circular gears - Parametric inversion - Planetary elliptic gears - Potted-seedling transplanter - Seedling transplanting - Transplanting mechanisms
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 601.3 Mechanisms - 601.2 Machine Components - 404.1 Military Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20132016328331
Title:Construction of apple tree leaves nutrients prediction model based on spectral analysis
Authors:Zhang, Yao (1); Zheng, Lihua (1); Li, Minzan (1); Deng, Xiaolei (1); Wang, Shicong (1); Zhang, Feng (1); Ji, Ronghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, L.(zhenglh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:171-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This research aimed at exploring the VIS/NIR (Visible Spectrum/ Near Infra Red) reflectance spectral characteristics of apple tree leaves, and establishing a high-precision model to predict nutrient content for these leaves. Samples were collected from the apple orchard of Beijing Xiangtang culture village during the period of fruit-bearing, fruit-falling and fruit-maturing separately. The apple trees in the orchard were in the full productive age. Twenty apple trees (15 year-on trees and 5 year-off trees) were selected randomly from different regions. Then a main branch of each target tree was selected and three representative parts (base part, middle part and top part) of every bough were marked, and the leaves from the same representative part were considered as one sample. In the end, 60 samples of apple leaves were collected in each phenological period, and the visible and near infrared spectral reflectance were measured using Shimadzu UV-2450 spectrograph. At the same time, the chlorophyll content for each sample was detected using spectrophotometry and the nitrogen content of each sample was measured using the Kjeldahl method in the laboratory. The obtained spectral reflectance and nutrient content were clustered based on each bough individually. The first through seventh layer wavelet decompositions were done to the original spectrum respectively. It can be perceived that with the decomposition scale increasing, the curve became smoother because of eliminating the impact of random noise, while some valid information was lost at the same time. According to the correlation analysis, this study selected 3-layer db4 wavelet filtering spectral information to predict the nitrogen and chlorophyll content. After that, correlation analyses were conducted between: 1) the chlorophyll content of apple tree leaves and their spectral reflectance; 2) the chlorophyll content of apple tree leaves and their spectral reflectance under wavelet filtering; 3) the nitrogen content of apple tree leaves and their spectral reflectance; and 4) the nitrogen content of apple tree leaves and their spectral reflectance under wavelet filtering. Then, the regression models for predicting nitrogen content and chlorophyll content of apple tree leaves were established using PLS (Partial Least Square) and SVM (Support Vector Machine) methods, respectively, based on the above spectral signal. The results indicated that: 1) with the advance of growth stage, the reflectance at visible waveband increased gradually, while at the near infrared waveband, the reflectance decreased gradually; 2) wavelet analyzing technology could distinguish the mutation part and noise in the spectral signals effectively, which make it possible to retain the maximum amount of effective information during the signal denoising process. The wavelet filtering technology played a significant role in promoting the modeling accuracy in predicting the Chlorophyll; 3) the models based on the SVM method had higher accuracies; 4) for the Chlorophyll regression model based on the spectral reflectance under wavelet filtering, the calibration R² reached to 0.9841, RMSEC was 0.0039, and the validation R² of reached to 0.9036, RMSEP was 0.0567; and 5) for the nitrogen regression model, the R² of calibration and validation model were all above 0.74, RMSEC was 0.0554 and RMSEP was 0.1215. It was concluded that the chlorophyll SVM regression model reached a high accuracy, and the nitrogen SVM regression model also reached the practical level with high stability.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Information filtering
Controlled terms:Calibration - Chlorophyll - Correlation methods - Forecasting - Forestry - Fruits - Nitrogen - Orchards - Reflection - Regression analysis  - Signal denoising - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines - Wavelet decomposition
Uncontrolled terms:Apple trees - Calibration and validations - Near-infrared waveband - Partial least square (PLS) - Precision Agriculture - Spectral characteristics - SVM(support vector machine) - Visible and near infrared
Classification code:903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20132016328333
Title:Recognition of electric shock signal based on FIR filtering and RBF neural networks
Authors:Guan, Haiou (1); Du, Songhuai (1); Li, Chunlan (3); Su, Juan (1); Liang, Ying (4); Wu, Zichao (1); Shao, Limin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Information Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, DaQing 163319, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Traffic, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (4) China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
Corresponding author:Su, J.(sujuan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:29
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2013
Publication year:2013
Pages:187-194
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Residual current protection device (RCD) has been widely used in low-voltage, rural power grids because it plays a very important role in avoiding physical shock, equipment damage, and electrical fires, etc, caused by leakage. At present, a setting value of leakage current can often be used as a key action for RCD. However, the electric shock current signal of the human body cannot be detected, and when unexpected current values close to or more than the setting value emerge, this will lead to the malfunction of RCD. In order to overcome the shortcomings above, we present a new recognition method for electric shock signal using digital filter technology and radial basis neural network. The method has three main stages. First, total leakage current and electric short current has been pre-processed using the finite impulse response digital filtering, which was designed by choosing suitable window functions and filter order. Second, the pre-processed signals are trained to create a three-level radial basis neural network. Last, the electric short current can be recognized by inputting the filtered total leakage current signal to the radial basis neural network, thus establishing the detection model. Experiments showed that the proposed method achieves an average relative error of 3.76% between detected value and actual value. The robustness, adaptability, and practicality of the proposed method also have been proven by the results. The proposed method made a definite practical significance for developing a new device of residual current protection.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Leakage currents
Controlled terms:Digital filters - Electric accidents - Impulse response - Neural networks - Radial basis function networks - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Electric shock - Electric shock currents - Finite-impulse response - FIR digital filters - Radial basis functions - Radial basis neural networks - Residual current protection device
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 703.2 Electric Filters - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc.