<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20130315914989
Title:Comparison of determination methods for saturated soil hydraulic conductivity with Guelph infiltrometer
Authors:Wang, Honglan (1); Song, Songbai (1); Tang, Xiangyu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forest University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
Corresponding author:Song, S.(ssb6533@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:99-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soil hydraulic properties are key factors controlling water and solute movement in soil. Soil hydraulic properties estimated from a laboratory experiment use commonly on relatively small soil cores, and they are often not representative of field condition. Ideally, the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters for the simulation of flow dynamics should be based as far as possible on field measurements. Reliable determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity is critical for modeling and predicting soil moisture pattern in soil under various field conditions. In this study, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<inf>s</inf>) of a forest land and a sloping farmland, located at Yanting Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Purple Soil (105(27(E, 31(16(N), Sichuan, Southwest China, was determined with a Guelph infiltrometer using different methods, including single head methods (e.g., Laplace analysis, updated single head analysis) and two-head methods (e.g., two-head analysis, Bohne analysis). Differences in measured saturated hydraulic conductivity between in situ Guelph constant head methods and laboratory falling head method were also compared. We aimed to select a reliable method for determining K<inf>s</inf> for the soils in this studied region. The K<inf>s</inf> values obtained for the forest land at the 0-20 cm depth were lower than those obtained at the 20-40 cm depth; however, the results obtained from the sloping farmland were contrary to those measured in the forest land. For the same layer, the measured K<inf>s</inf> value was related to the method adopted. Results showed that: 1) the K<inf>s</inf> values using the two-head analysis were the greatest (except for the 20-40 cm layer of the sloping farmland). The K<inf>s</inf> value in the forest land at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth was 0.134 and 0.266 mm/min, respectively. In the sloping farmland, the K<inf>s</inf> value at the 0-20 cm depth was 0.86 mm/min. However, the updated single head analysis under a 5cm head was the smallest values. The K<inf>s</inf> value at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth was 0.015 and 0.022 mm/min, respectively, in the forest land, 0.040 and 0.022 mm/min, respectively, in the sloping farmland; 2) Using the updated single head analysis, K<inf>s</inf> measured at water head of 10 cm was higher than that obtained at 5 cm. The obtained K<inf>s</inf> value was 0.031 and 0.056 mm/min at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth, respectively, in the forest land, 0.211 and 0.031 mm/min, respectively, in the sloping farmland; 3) The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity obtained by the Guelph infiltrometer using the Bohne analysis and Updated single head analysis at water head of 10 cm were greater than those obtained in the laboratory by falling head method on ring samples, probably due to the possible destruction of soil macropores and the smaller soil volume represented by the latter. Also since the updated single head analysis has the advantage of simple operation, the method at water head of 10 cm is therefore recommended in the purple soil region.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Forestry - Hydraulic conductivity - Measurements - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Falling head methods - Infiltrometers - Saturated soils - Single-head method - Two-head method
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 632.1 Hydraulics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20130315914984
Title:Extended finite element analysis of ultimate load-bearing capacity for dowel bar system in cement concrete pavement
Authors:Tan, Yiqiu (1); Li, Luoke (1); Cao, Peng (1); Gong, Xiangbing (1); Li, Yunliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Traffic Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Corresponding author:Tan, Y.(yiqiutan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:62-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to analyze the premature damage of dowel bar system in jointed concrete pavement induced by overload, the extended finite element method (short for XFEM) coupled with submodeling method were employed to simulate the fracture process of concrete around the dowel bar under loading. This coupling method is based on 3-D finite element analysis which simulates the whole concrete pavement structure. The initialization and evolution of the cracks around the dowel bar in the inner concrete could be monitored in model simulation and full-scale experiment. Results show that the loading-displacement curves in the loading position and fracture mode of crack between the numerical simulations coincide well with full-scale experiment. And the coupling XFEM with submodeling method is an efficient and accurate method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of dowel bar. Furthermore, the critical axle load could be back-calculated based on the former analyzing results. This research provides a valuable numerical analysis method to simulate the fracture process in stress concentration region of the concrete structure.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Loading
Controlled terms:Bearing capacity - Computer simulation - Concrete construction - Concrete pavements - Crack propagation - Cracks - Experiments - Finite element method - Fracture - Loads (forces) - Numerical analysis - Stress concentration
Uncontrolled terms:3D-finite element analysis - Axle loads - Bar systems - Cement concrete pavements - Coupling methods - Dowel bar - Extended finite element method - Extended finite elements - Fracture mode - Fracture process - Full-scale experiment - Model simulation - Pavement structures - Road engineering - Sub-modeling method - Submodels - Ultimate bearing capacity - Ultimate load-bearing capacity
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 723.5 Computer Applications - 672 Naval Vessels - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 406 Highway Engineering - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 412 Concrete
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20130315915002
Title:Immobilization effects of phosphate rock activated by oxalic acid on exogenous lead in latosol
Authors:Jiang, Guanjie (1); Hu, Hongqing (1); Zhang, Junqing (1); Yi, Shan (1); Wang, Baolin (1); Lu, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Hu, H.(hqhu@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:205-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Phosphate rock has been widely and successfully used in immobilization of lead in contaminated soils. However, limited investigations are obtained on the lead form in the contaminated soils particularly immobilized by oxalic acid-activated phosphate rock. This study focused on the changes of exogenous lead (Pb) added into latosol with the application of phosphate rock (PR) and oxalic acid-activated phosphate rock (APR) by Tessier's sequential extraction procedure. The results indicated that the content of exchangeable Pb in latosol was decreased obviously with the increase of PR and APR application compared with CK (64.1 mg/kg), and that reduce to 0.1 mg/kg for PR treatment and less than the detection limit in APR treatments. The contents of NaAc extractable Pb in all treatments were higher than CK (27.2 mg/kg) except for APR3 treatment which was 24.5 mg/kg and reached the maximum in PR2 treatment (41.8 mg/kg). The Fe-Mn oxide-bound Pb contents in all treatments were higher than CK except for PR1 treatment (69.5 mg/kg), and reached the maximum 117.2 mg/kg in APR3 treatment. Organic compound-bound Pb contents with the addition of PR and APR were higher than CK (21.8 mg/kg) except for PR1 treatment (20.7 mg/kg), also reached the maximum 46.5 mg/kg in APR3 treatment. The residue fraction was increased to 60.6 mg/kg compared with CK treatment (44.2 mg/kg), and changed from 42.7 to 43.5 mg/kg for APR treatments which were not obviously lower than CK treatment (p lt;0.05). To sum up, with the addition of PR in the soil, the contents of exogenous exchangeable Pb were decreased obviously and the residual Pb contents augmented conversely in most treatments, showing that Pb was effectively immobilized and better fixation effect was obtained in APR. Meanwhile, the results of phosphorus fraction indicated that the released P ability was increased more for APR than that for PR. Although exogenous phosphorus was added into latosol, the released phosphorus is unlikely to pose a risk to environment except for adding more than 5 000 mg/kg APR. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scaning electron microscope (SEM) results also demonstrated that the released phosphorus ability of PR was increased after being activated by oxalic acid, thus APR was better in immobilizing latosol lead. This research provides a reference for the proper utilization of APR to immobilize lead in contaminated soils.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Lead compounds
Controlled terms:Lead - Lead removal (water treatment) - Manganese - Organic acids - Phosphate deposits - Phosphate minerals - Phosphorus - Radioactive waste vitrification - Soil pollution - Soils - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Activated phosphates - Contaminated soils - Detection limits - Immobilization effects - Latosol - Oxalic Acid - Phosphate rocks - Phosphorus fractions - Sequential extraction procedure
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 505.1 Nonmetallic Mines - 482.2 Minerals - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20130315915013
Title:Effects of washing treatment and pH adjustment on heat-induced gelling properties of minced chicken with low-salt
Authors:Miao, Jin (1); Zou, Yufeng (1); Wang, Peng (1); Li, Chunbao (1); Xu, Xinglian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education/College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Xu, X.(xlxu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:287-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve heat-induced gelling properties of chicken muscle proteins at low salt, a factorial design was taken to study the effects of washing treatment and pH adjustment on myofibrils swelling, texture properties and water holding capacity of heat-induced gels of minced chicken with 0.88% NaCl-addition. The samples with 0.15% or 2.5% NaCl-addition were also investigated. Chicken breast muscle was minced and washed with purified water or 0.15% NaCl, and afterwards the mince was adjusted to pH value 7.2. After all samples were adjusted to 85% moisture content with the addition of distilled deionized water at 4°C, NaCl concentration of the mince was adjusted to 0.15%, 0.88% or 2.5%, respectively. Then the textural properties, water adsorbing and water holding capacity of heat-induced gels were evaluated. The results showed that pH adjustment combined with washing weakened the textural properties of 2.5% NaCl-addition groups, but it improved textural properties of 0.15% and 0.88% NaCl-addition groups. Washing treatment combined with pH adjustment showed more efficiency to improve myofibrils swelling and WHC of low-salt mince. Moreover, a 2×2 factorial analysis indicated significant main and interactive effects of pH adjustment and washing on textural properties of heat-induced gel. In addition, the test criteria statistics for the null hypothesis between washing groups and pH adjusted groups, washing combined with pH adjusted groups and the control were 4.69 and 30.25 (P lt;0.001). These results suggested that a combination of washing and pH adjustment could improve texture properties and water holding capacity of heat-induced gels at low ionic strength, which is a guideline for the development of the low-salt meat products.
Number of references:30
Main heading:pH effects
Controlled terms:Animals - Deionized water - Gelation - Gels - Ionic strength - Meats - Muscle - Sodium chloride - Textures - Washing - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Chicken breast - Chicken muscles - Factorial analysis - Factorial design - Gelling properties - Interactive effect - Low ionic strength - Low-salt addition - Meat products - Myofibrils - NaCl concentration - Null hypothesis - PH adjustment - pH value - Purified water - Test criteria - Textural properties - Texture properties - Washing treatment - Water holding capacity
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 822.3 Food Products - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20130315915009
Title:Fabrication of silicon carbide quantum dots(SiC QDs) and its fluorescence imaging for living cells
Authors:Sun, Xiangming (1); Song, Yuepeng (1); Gao, Dongsheng (2); Li, Jiangtao (3); Chen, Yixiang (3); Li, Yong (3); Xu, Lingfeng (1); Guo, Jing (1); Tan, Yue (2); Kang, Tiantian (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electronic Engineering College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an 271018, China; (3) Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Corresponding author:Song, Y.(uptonsong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:260-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Aqueous silicon carbide quantum dots(QDs) without cytotoxicity were prepared via a simple chemical etching method with the mixture etchants of nitric and hydrofluoric acid and then ultrasonic dispersion and centrifugation. The microstructure and optical properties were measured and fluorescent imaging for living cells of Aureobasidium pulluans was investigated. The microstructure inspection results indicated that silicon carbide QDs were nearly spherical feature, 2.5 nm of diameter which was shorter than its' Bohr diameter(5.4 nm). The remarkable photo luminescence(PL) effect was displayed when it was excited. In the scope of 320 nm to 360 nm for exciting light wavelength, the emission light intensity reached the top. The red shift for PL occured with the increasing of exciting light wavelength. The blue shift of emission light for PL occured with the diameter decreasing of SiC QDs. Further research results indicated that there was no cytotoxicity of SiC QDs and hardly affected the growth, physiological function of the living cells with the potential application of long-time- cultivating image. Moreover, mechanism and specificity of mark of QDs were also analyzed.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Silicon carbide
Controlled terms:Cells - Centrifugation - Fluorescence - Fluorescence spectroscopy - Hydrofluoric acid - Light - Microstructure - Nitric acid - Optical properties - Semiconductor quantum dots
Uncontrolled terms:Blue shift - Bohr diameters - Chemical etching - Fluorescence imaging - Fluorescent imaging - Light intensity - Light wavelengths - Living cell - Microstructure inspection - Physiological functions - Potential applications - Red shift - Research results
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 951 Materials Science - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 741.1 Light/Optics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20130315915005
Title:Land use spatiotemporal changes and its driving forces analysis in vulnerable ecological region of Yellow River Estuary
Authors:Chang, Chunyan (1); Zhao, Gengxing (1); Wang, Ling (1); Zhu, Xichun (1); Li, Tao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Shandong Soil and Fertilizer Working Station, Ji'nan 250100, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, G.(zhaogx@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:226-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The Yellow River Delta is a typical eco-environmental fragile region where land use changed intensively due to the interaction of human activities and natural environment; hence, it is a hot spot area for land use and land cover change (LUCC) research. This study was conducted in Kenli county of the Yellow River Estuary using five temporal remote sensing images of 1989, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2011 to extract land use information of different times. Land use temporal and spatial characteristics in more than 20 years of the study area were analyzed using land use dynamic degree model, land use degree composite index model and land use gravity center transfer model, and their driving factors were further explored. The results showed that the main characteristics of land use changes in the study area were that the dry land and forest-grassland were decreased, and the construction land, water area, salt wasteland and shoaly land were increased. The overall degree of land use changes before 2000 was 2-3 times higher than that of the later period, which indicated that the trend of changes was rapid before 2000 and slow after that. The single land use dynamic degree of river water surface, water area and construction land was comparatively distinct. The land use spatial pattern appeared obvious features in distribution with regular variation. Within the studied time period, the gravity center of dry land, salt wasteland, paddy fields and construction land all moved to the southwest, while the gravity center of forest-grassland, the river water surface and shoaly land moved to northwest, and that of water area turned to the southwest with little changes in distribution as a whole. Driving forces of land use changes in the study area included two aspects of natural and human related factors. The climatic and hydrological factors including high ratio of evaporation to rainfall, sandy soil texture, shallow ground water with high salinity, and cutoff of the Yellow River were the dominant natural driving forces for land use changes, and unreasonable farming exploitative activities of local people were the main artificial driving forces. This study provides a reference for the utilization and protection of resources and environment, and sustainable development of society and economy in the vulnerable ecological region of the Yellow River Estuary.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economics - Forestry - Geographic information systems - Groundwater - Image reconstruction - Rain - Remote sensing - Rivers
Uncontrolled terms:Composite index - Construction land - Driving factors - Driving forces - Dry land - Dynamic changes - Ecological regions - Gravity centers - High salinity - Hot spot area - Human activities - Hydrological factors - Kenli county - Land use and land cover change - Land use dynamics - Land-use change - Local people - Natural driving forces - Natural environments - Paddy fields - Regular variations - Remote sensing images - River water - Sandy soils - Shallow groundwater - Spatial characteristics - Spatial patterns - Spatio-temporal changes - Study areas - Time-periods - Transfer models - Water areas - Yellow river - Yellow River delta - Yellow River Estuary
Classification code:821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.3 Database Systems - 971 Social Sciences - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 444.1 Surface Water - 443.3 Precipitation - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.2 Groundwater
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20130315914995
Title:Development and application of audio database for laying hens
Authors:Yu, Ligen (1); Teng, Guanghui (1); Li, Baoming (1); Lao, Fengdan (2); Xing, Yongzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Network Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Teng, G.(futong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:150-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Particular states of mood or emotion of laying hens may be accompanied by specific behaviors, vocalization being one of them. Taking advantages of non-invasive monitoring of sound analysis, relevant acoustic features and modern techniques will promote to establish a remote-monitoring platform for laying hens' management. State-of-art digitalization tools and database management technologies were used to the research of behavioral observation and audio analysis. The animals used in this experiment were 5 laying hens (Hy-Line Variety Brown, U.S. standard) and were housed in a feed anticipating condition. During 28 April-30 April 2012, the vocalizations of laying hens were recorded in early morning. A NI-PXI platform integrated with sound sensors were used for all the recordings. The acoustic features including duration of call, pitch, energy center of call, formants and the derivatives were derived using Adobe Audition v1.0 and Praat 5.3. All the features were calculated and written in audio database of laying hens (ADLH). In terms of egg laying, song and call of laying hens, the vocalizations were formed with repeated transient syllables at 7.8±2.0, 15.2±7.7 respectively. Significant differences (P lt;0.05) were found between duration of call, maximum and minimum frequencies of the verse. With reference to the syllable structure of the vocalizations of laying hens, the acoustic features including energy center, the first formant and the second formant were significantly differed. Pitch of the calls was in the range of 400-500 Hz. Occurrence of the song of laying hens was determined by their emotion and behaviors, and was characterized by walking (43.1%), searching (48.6%), and dust bathing (8.3%). Results indicate that analysis of vocalizations could be an indicator of different physiological conditions and behavior contexts of laying hens and may be an important tool for understanding communications among them. This study will offer an acoustic solution, automatic recognition and digital monitoring tools for laying hens' management.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Behavioral research
Controlled terms:Animals - Audio recordings - Bioacoustics
Uncontrolled terms:Acoustic features - Audio analysis - Audio database - Automatic recognition - Behavioral observation - Database management - Digital monitoring - Energy center - Formants - Laying hens - Non-invasive monitoring - Physiological condition - Pitch - Sound analysis - Sound sensors
Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences - 814 Leather and Tanning - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 752.3 Sound Reproduction
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20130315914994
Title:Application status of middle and high resolution remote sensing images in agriculture
Authors:Yang, Hongwei (1); Tong, Xiaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (2) Information Institute of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Corresponding author:Tong, X.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:138-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to better understand the present application and research status of middle and high resolution remote sensing images in agriculture, an overview and a prospect of which are provided in this paper. The application are mainly described in eight aspects: vegetation type recognizing and classification, crops area estimation and monitoring, crops nutrient and water condition monitoring, crops leaf area and biomass and chlorophyll content monitoring, pest and disease monitoring and prediction, agriculture natural disaster monitoring, agriculture land resource dynamic variation and monitoring, crops yield prediction. The author also points out that the prospect of the middle and high resolution remote sensing images in agriculture are in six aspects as follows: to make the agricultural work more precise, to integrate various technologies and methods, to unify database of agriculture remote sensing images, to make up the imperfection of current remote sensing technology, to improve the standard vegetable spectral database and to enhance the vegetable interpretation system. The paper provides a reference for the remote sensing application and research in agriculture.
Number of references:82
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Applications - Chlorophyll - Condition monitoring - Image reconstruction - Remote sensing - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Application status - Area estimation - Chlorophyll contents - Disease monitoring - Dynamic variations - High resolution remote sensing images - Interpretation systems - Land resources - Leaf area - Natural disasters - Prospect - Remote sensing applications - Remote sensing images - Remote sensing technology - Spectral database - Status - Vegetation type - Yield prediction
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 731.1 Control Systems - 603 Machine Tools - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20130315915006
Title:Spatial distribution characteristics of potential productivity of arable land in main crop production area in China
Authors:Xiang, Hui (1); Kong, Xiangbin (1); Wu, Zhaokun (1); Shi, Jingran (1); Zhang, Qingpu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Farmland Quality, Monitoring and control, The National Ministry of land and Resources, Beijing 100193, China
Corresponding author:Kong, X.(kxb@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:235-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Such characteristics of arable land quality as method of calculating crop yield and productivity, yield gaps, distribution of crop productivity, are critical to regulate policymaking for constriction of the high quality farmland and measurement for closing yield gaps of arable land in the main crop production in China. Based on the detail data including field survey at village level, theoretical and realizable yields for different crops by agronomy expert at national and provincial level, statistics yearbook at county level in the main crop production area (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu province) in China were collected, all the data for arable land potential productivity were collated and synthesized. The results indicated as follows:(1) The theoretical productivity potential was 5.12×10<sup>8</sup>t, the realizable productivity potential was 4.03×10<sup>8</sup>t and the actual production was 3.28×10<sup>8</sup>t in the main crop production area of China. (2) The three-level yields including theoretical, realizable and actual level were the highest in Jianghuai Plain in Jiangsu province, however, the theoretical yield was the lowest in Daxing'an Mountain and Xiaoxing'an Mountain. (3) The realizable yield and actual yield in Houshan Bashang Plateau in Hebei province were the lowest among the main crop production zone. (4) The theoretical productivity potential in Hebei plain and Shandong province was higher than the other areas. (5) The large gap between theoretical and realizable yield in the whole area shows that the arable land production can be realized by improving construction of high standard of arable land, however, the small gap between realizable and actual yield shows that there were no room for policymaking. The results provide the basis for policymaking on arable land utilization in the main crop production area in China.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Grading - Productivity - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural land - Arable land - County level - Crop production - Crop productivity - Crop yield - Distribution characteristics - Field surveys - Hebei Province - High quality - High standards - Jiangsu province - Policy making - Potential productivity - Shandong - Shandong province - Small gaps - Spatial characteristics - Theoretical yield - Three-level
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20130315914988
Title:Comparison and improvement of different calculation methods for ET<inf>0</inf> in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin
Authors:Zhao, Lu (1); Liang, Chuan (1); Cui, Ningbo (1); Liang, Yufeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Library of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (2) Civil Engineering Department, Sichuan College of Architectural Technoledge, Deyang 618000, China
Corresponding author:Liang, C.(lchester@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:92-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to obtain simplified calculation methods of ET<inf>0</inf>in the conditions of lacking meteorological data in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, the daily ET<inf>0</inf> in Jianyang station from 1999 to 2005 was calculated by FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method, Hargreaves method, Hargreaves correction method, Priestley-Taylor method and Irmark-Alleen fitting method. ET<inf>0</inf> calculated by PM method was used as the standard, Hargreaves correction method had the minimum error, followed by Irmark-Alleen fitting method, Hargreaves method and Priestley-Taylor method. Through the sensitivity analysis, the main meteorological factor affecting ET<inf>0</inf> was relative humidity in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin. Therefore, the parameters of Priestley-Taylor method and Irmark-Alleen fitting method used in humid climate were corrected month by month in the study, and the calculation precision was improved obviously after correcting. Hargreaves correction method, Priestley-Taylor correction method and Irmark-Alleen fitting change method would be used for the calculation of ET<inf>0</inf> in the conditions of lacking meteorological data in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Electromagnetic wave attenuation
Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Calculations - Climatology - Evapotranspiration - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation precision - Central Sichuan Basin - Correction method - ET<inf>0</inf> - Fitting method - Hargreaves - Hilly areas - Humid climates - Irmark-Alleen fitting change method - Meteorological data - Meteorological factors - Penman-Monteith method - Priestley-Taylor - Simplified calculation method
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 921 Mathematics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443 Meteorology - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20130315915001
Title:Spatiotemporal variation of sandstorm and its response to vegetation restoration in Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source area
Authors:Qin, Yunbin (1); Xin, Zhongbao (1); Yi, Yang (1); Yang, Mengchan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Z.(xinzhongbao@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:196-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Sandstorm is one of main environmental disasters that affect the social economic sustainable development in the Beijing-Tianjin area. The spatiotemporal variation of the sandstorm frequency and its correlations with meteorological factors and vegetation restoration were investigated based on the meteorological data collected from 26 stations during 1957-2007 in the sand source area of Beijing-Tianjin, and combined with the NDVI-dataset of GIMMS and SPOT-VGT. The results showed that the sandstorms frequency has showed a significant down trend in recent 50 years. Although it presented a slight increased trend after the year of 1999, the sandstorm frequency was far lower than that during 1950s-1960s. Wind and relative humidity were the most important factors that affected the sandstorm frequency in recent 50 years, and their contribution rates were 62.6% and 37.4%, respectively. The variation of the sandstorm frequency in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source area was determined by vegetation cover and relative humidity to a great degree, their contribution rates were 32.7% and 44.5%, respectively. Vegetation cover was increased significantly in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source area during 1982-2006, but the sandstorm frequently occur area showed no significant upward trend. The improvement of vegetation cover was remarkable after the implementation of the Sandstorm Source Control Project since 2000, especially in the area where sandstorms have frequently occurred. There is one year lag effect between vegetation cover and sandstorm in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source area. Sandstorm frequency is closely related to vegetation cover of previous summer, especially in the desert steppe region where sandstorms have frequently occurred. It shows that the Sandstorm Source Control Project has played an important role in the alleviation of sandstorm occurrence.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Storms
Controlled terms:Dust - Remote sensing - Restoration - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Climate - Contribution rate - Environmental disasters - Lag effects - Meteorological data - Meteorological factors - Sand source - Source area - Source control - Spatio-temporal variation - Upward trend - Vegetation cover - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 443.3 Precipitation - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20130315914998
Title:A fast forecast method for operation characteristics of ground-coupled heat pump system
Authors:Zhang, Changxing (1); Guo, Zhanjun (2); Liu, Yufeng (1); Hu, Songtao (4); Cong, Xiaochun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (2) Institute of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University Of Water Conservancy And Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering, Qingdao 266590, China; (4) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, C.(zcx952@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:173-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is important to forecast hourly operation characteristic for design and strategy evaluation of ground-coupled heat pump system (GCHPs). Based on the basic heat transfer principle of ground heat exchanger (GHE), this paper presented a fast forecast method for operation characteristic of GCHPs by comparing with the G function method for the superposition of heat transfer rate corresponding to different contribution of each time step. In order to validate the method, the annual hourly calculated results were compared with the sample results of the GCHPs based on the finite het source model outside the borehole and quasi-three dimension heat resistances inside the borehole. Result showed that the relative errors of characteristic parameters were all less than 1% and the computation time was only 1/1000. This study is helpful for the design and application of GCHPs.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Heat pump systems
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Convolution - Forecasting - Heat resistance - Models - Pumps - Specific heat
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation accuracy - Characteristic parameter - Computation time - Design and application - Forecast method - G function - Ground heat exchangers - Ground-coupled heat pump systems - Heat transfer rate - Operation characteristic - Relative errors - Source models - Time step
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 618.2 Pumps - 641.2 Heat Transfer
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20130315915007
Title:Difference analysis of land use patterns in modern and traditional agricultural region based on remote sensing
Authors:Xue, Jian (1); Yun, Wenju (2); Du, Guoming (3); Zhang, Fengrong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality and Monitoring, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing 100035, China; (4) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Yun, W.(yunwenju@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:245-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The land use pattern is an overall description of the land use type in the aspect of space, which directly influences the ecological service function of the regional land and relates to the social and economic value of the regional land. There are not only modern agricultural areas (the state farm areas) with the detailed land planning design and high level of mechanization and scale, but also traditional agricultural areas (the local government areas) which are reclaimed by the peasants at random, with backward productive level and scatter management in the Fujin City of Heilongjiang Province. To provide basis for the land consolidation, the differences of the land-use landscape pattern between the state farm areas (the modern agricultural areas) and the local government areas (the traditional agricultural areas) in 2009 were analyzed in this study. Fujin City of Heilongjiang Province was taken as the research area, and the database result of the second land survey as the data source. The results showed that the agricultural infrastructures in the modern agricultural area were criss-cross and orderly with sound systems, but the forest belt, road and trench were interspersed, disorderly and unsystematic in the traditional agricultural area. In modern agricultural areas, the density of the forest network was 1.72 times of that in the traditional agricultural area, the density of the road network was 1/2 of that in the traditional agricultural area and the density of the trench network was 2.3 times of that in the traditional agricultural area. The agricultural infrastructures such as the forest belt, road and trench in the research area form the framework of the regional land use pattern, and directly influence the scale and shape of various plots. The plaque shape of the farmland in the traditional agricultural area was slightly more complex and the shape index was a little higher than that in the modern agricultural area. The garden plot, forest land, grassplot, other lands, town and village and mining land were scattered in Fujin City, whereas the farmland spreaded all over the whole research area, form the regional landscape matrix. The farmland in the modern agricultural area accounted for 72.43% of the whole area, which was lower than 81.76% of the traditional agricultural area. The dry land in the modern agricultural area accounted for 46.33% of the total farmland, the area of the paddy field accounted for 53.67%, and the irrigable land accounted for 0.01%. The dry land in the traditional agricultural area accounted for 86.77% of the total farmland, the area of the paddy field accounted for 12.86%, and the irrigable land accounted for 0.27%. The land scale managed by the relatively independent production and management entity in the modern agricultural area and in the traditional agricultural area was different, leading to the different investment, using methods and the regional land use pattern. The land consolidation should be developed in the traditional agricultural area, to promote the effective integration of the farmland with the high standard, modern farm machinery, modern agriculture and modern peasants (or agricultural enterprises), and finally promote the development of the modern agriculture. The comprehensive benefit comparison and analysis of the land use should be developed from now on to provide a reference for the reform of the rural land system in China.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Economics - Forestry - Highway administration - Land use - Motor transportation - Remote sensing - Research - Roads and streets - Space optics
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural areas - Agricultural enterprise - Comprehensive benefit - Dry land - Ecological services - Economic values - Farm machinery - Forest land - Fujin country - High standards - Land planning - Land Systems - Land use pattern - Land use type - Landscape pattern - Local government areas - Paddy fields - Region-based - Regional landscapes - Road network - Shape indices - Sound systems - State farms
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741.1 Light/Optics - 731.1 Control Systems - 971 Social Sciences - 432.1 Highway Transportation, General - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 406.1 Highway Systems - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 432 Highway Transportation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20130315914976
Title:Experiment on influencing factors of cutting force of blades of trim tool for longan branch
Authors:Wu, Liangjun (1); Yang, Zhou (1); Duan, Jieli (2); Wang, Liuyi (2); Wang, Weizu (2); Liu, Jialong (2); Wang, Liang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Z.(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:8-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to reduce cutting force of blade and improve cutting quality of mechanical pruning machinery, using 'Shixia' branch as experimental material, cutting test was conducted in the accurate micro-controlled electronic universal testing machine with a self-made cutting device. An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of branch diameter, cutting speed, cutting gap, blade bevel angle and edge curve on the peak cutting force of moving blade. Average value of the peak cutting force was increased from 0.67 to 4.13 kN as the branch diameter was increased from 10.58 to 29.43 mm. When the cutting speed was increased from 20 to 500 mm/min, average value of the peak cutting force was decreased from 2.19 to 1.76 kN. Average value of the peak cutting force was decreased linearly as the cutting gap was increased from 0.05 to 0.5 mm and then slowly increased as the cutting gap was increased from 0.7 to 2 mm. As the blade bevel angle was increased from 5° to 30°, average value of the peak cutting force was increased from 1.88 to 3.26 kN. Cylindrical curve edge blade was the most force-saving with cutting off branch of the same diameter. The relevant changing trends of the peak cutting force and cutting parameters were analyzed with statistical software. The results showed that there was an significantly positive power function correlation between the peak cutting force and branch diameter, significantly negative logarithm function correlation between the peak cutting force and cutting speed, two polynomial function correlation between the peak cutting force and cutting gap and significantly positive exponential function correlation between the peak cutting force and blade bevel angle. Factors and levels of the orthogonal experiment were selected based on the single-factor test. Cutting speed, cutting gap and blade bevel angle were selected to perform the orthogonal experiment with the peak cutting force of moving blade as the test index. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the optimal combined parameters were as follows: cutting speed of 500 mm/min, cutting gap of 0.9 mm and blade bevel angle of 10°, at these conditions, the minimum cutting force for cutting off branch was 1.58 kN. These results indicate that the optimization of cutting speed, cutting gap and blade bevel angle will result in significant force saving and increasing efficiency of mechanical pruning machinery.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Trimming
Controlled terms:Cutting - Cutting equipment - Experiments - Machinery - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Average values - Bevel angle - Branch diameter - Changing trends - Combined parameter - Cutting forces - Cutting parameters - Cutting quality - Cutting speed - Cutting test - Cutting-off - Experimental materials - Influencing factors - Logarithm function - Longan branch - Orthogonal experiment - Polynomial functions - Power functions - Statistical software - Universal testing machines
Classification code:535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice - 601 Mechanical Design - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20130315914980
Title:Development and experiment of intelligent toward-target system of spraying restrain-germinatin pesticide on tobacco
Authors:Geng, Aijun (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (1); Cao, Shengzhu (3); Ma, Min (4); Song, Tao (5); Gu, Zhiyuan (6)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai'an 271018, China; (3) Yan Zhou-XinYan Agricultural Machinery Station, JiNing 272100, China; (4) Kangyue Technology Co., Ltd, WeiFang 262700, China; (5) Shandong Agricultural Machinery Test Appraisal Station, JiNan 250100, China; (6) Modern Agricaltural Equipment Co., Ltd, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(zhangxh@sdau.edu.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:35-40
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the fact that the current application state of tobacco pesticide of restrain-germinatin, intelligent spraying system on target was designed, which consists of bracket, speed sensor, tobacco stalk sensor, stepping motor, reel, electromagnetic valve, the slider, slippery course, one-way valve, nozzle, travel switch and SCM system, etc. Speed sensor can carry out real-time detection in response to the working speed of the unit, and SCM system controls the rotation speed and angle of stepping motor according to the detected unit working speed and magnetic valve starting time respectively. And SCM system also controls the magnetic valve opening and closing according to the presence or absence of the tobacco stalk signals. Indoor test showed the more slowly the test station moves(within 0.3-0.45 m/s ), the greater pesticide quantity (Qs≥15 ml)and the better pesticide effect. With the rise of pesticide pump pressure, pesticide collection will reduce slowly. The test result of model machine indicated intelligent aiming spraying system of tobacco pesticide of restrain-germinatin can work accurately and reliably and satisfy the application requirements.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Pesticides
Controlled terms:Control systems - Intelligent systems - Magnetic nozzles - Spray nozzles - Stepping motors - Tobacco
Uncontrolled terms:Application requirements - Electromagnetic valves - Indoor test - Model machine - Pump pressures - Real-time detection - Rotation speed - SCM systems - Speed sensors - Spraying system - Test station - Valve opening - Working speed
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 705.3 Electric Motors - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.1 Control Systems - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20130315914979
Title:Design and application effects of automatic conveying and directional slicer for jujube
Authors:Shi, Pengtao (1); Wen, Huaixing (1); Wang, Ningxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
Corresponding author:Wen, H.(wenhx@sust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:28-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In the course of deep processing of jujube, the drying time of jujube slice is shorter than that of the whole jujube, resulting in lower energy consumption and higher added value. So, cutting jujube into slices is an important process after the storing process, but the manual production mode suitable for small workshop is still adopted in most enterprises at present, and it is difficult to meet the large seasonal market demand of jujube due to low efficiency, high labor cost, uneven slice thickness, higher breakage rate, poor sanitary conditions and poor safety. In order to solve the above problems, based on a lot of comprehensive investigations and analysis of the present equipments, a kind of directional slicing machine with automatic conveyor for fresh oblong jujube was designed by using modern design and manufacturing technology, food processing technology and controlling technology after analyzing and researching on the processing of jujube. The device was mainly composed of transmission system, transmission orientation mechanism, protecting plate device, cutting device and etc. The jujube was placed in the hopper above the roller at first, when the roller conveys the jujubes, the roller will revolve on its own axis driven by the action of friction plate, and the rotation of the roller will lead to the rotation of jujubes, and make the axis of jujube parallel to that of the roller, and realize the automatic orientation of the jujube. Following, when the jujube was conveyed to the slicing device on the right end of the equipment, it will be cut into slices with the thickness of 5-6 mm under the driving of feeding wheel. The main technical parameters of the equipment were determined based on the design calculation of the key components, and the structures of the transmission system, protecting plate device and slicing device were discussed, the effect of blade force, blade tilt angle and other factors on breaking rate were analyzed. The calculation and analysis showed that the cutting effect was better with the inclination angle between the blade and the horizontal direction of 27?, and the breakage rate was 2.7%~3.6% with 10 to 22 r/min of the feeding wheel speed.The production efficiency in actual enterprise produce exceed 300 kg/h, and the yield rate exceed 96%.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Cutting
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automation - Cost accounting - Crystal orientation - Design - Employment - Energy utilization - Industry - Plates (structural components) - Processing - Rollers (machine components) - Wages - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Added values - Blade forces - Cutting effect - Deep processing - Design and application - Design calculations - Drying time - Food processing technology - Friction plate - High speed cutting - Inclination angles - Jujube - Labor costs - Manufacturing technologies - Market demand - Orientation mechanism - Plate devices - Production efficiency - Production modes - Slice thickness - Slicing device - Tilt angle - Transmission systems - Yield rates
Classification code:933.1.1 Crystal Lattice - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 913.4 Manufacturing - 732 Control Devices - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 601.2 Machine Components - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 408 Structural Design - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20130315914986
Title:Design and calibration of portable rainfall equipment of artificial simulation
Authors:Ni, Jiliang (1); He, Jin (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Wang, Song (2); Lu, Zhanyuan (3); Qing, Xiaoxiao (1); Qiao, Xiaodong (1); Li, Hui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) China Agricultural Machinery Testing Center, Beijing 100122, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
Corresponding author:He, J.(hejin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:78-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The runoff study by using of simulated rainfall can significantly shorten the experiment period, and speed up the research process for the principles of rainwater infiltration and soil erosion. Currently, most rainfall simulators, which are bulky, complicated, expensive, and difficult to be adopted widely. A portable rainfall simulator consisted of the sprinkling system and the water supply system was designed to sovle above mentioned problems. This simulator employs a structure with single downward-oriented nozzles to realize a rainfall simulation, and it can artificially simulate different rainfall intensities as well as different rainfall durations by controlling the pressure of supplied water, and by changing the nozzle type. According to the rainfall properties test, this simulator realized simulated rainfall intensity ranging from 0 to 140 mm/h and rainfall uniformity over 80%. The raindrop diameter mainly distributed within the range 0.1-5.5 mm, and the raindrop speed at reaching ground ranging from 2 to 2.9 m/s was realized for different raindrop diameters. The test results were very similar with natural rainfall.The simulator can therefore effectively realize rainfall simulation.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Drops - Nozzles - Runoff - Simulators - Soil testing - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial simulation - Rainfall duration - Rainfall intensity - Rainfall simulations - Rainfall simulators - Research process - Simulated rainfall - Soil erosion
Classification code:671 Naval Architecture - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 621 Nuclear Reactors - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.1 Surface Water - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20130315915008
Title:Precision analysis of three land-cover types in China region
Authors:Liu, Xiangpei (1); Wang, Hanjie (2); He, Mingyuan (1); Shi, Xiaokang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China; (2) Institute of Aeronautical Meteorology, Air Force Academy of Equipment, Beijing 100085, China
Corresponding author:Liu, X.(xp_Liu@foxmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:252-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Accuracy evaluation is the precondition and foundation for the application of land cover data. In order to study the ability of describing the land cover status in China, GLC2000, MODIS V004 and MODIS V005 land cover data on distribution area and spatial distribution were compared with the reference data in 2000 from RESDC (Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science) based on land cover types aggregating. Land cover diversity index was introduced in this study to analyze the impact of land cover data accuracy. The results showed that: all the three data can describe the spatial distribution of land cover well in China; the precision of GL2000, MODIS V004 and MODIS V005 were 62.8%, 61.7% and 61.9% respectively; the proportion of forest/woods for the three land cover data were larger than that of reference data, the areas of building, wetlands and water bodies were smaller; the accuracy of forest/woods, grass/shrub lands, croplands and barren/ice were higher than that of urban and wetlands; the precise of forest/woods and croplands of GLC2000 were the most in provincial level, MODIS V005 has the highest user and producer accuracy on average; the precision of the three data were decreased with the increase of land cover diversity index, and it was increased with the increase of the proportion of land cover diversity index that equals to 1, land cover heterogeneity has the least impact on MODIS V005 data.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Radiometers
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Errors - Forestry - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy evaluation - China region - Chinese Academy of Sciences - Data accuracy - Data centers - Distribution area - Diversity index - Environmental science - Land cover - Land-cover types - Precision analysis - Reference data - Waterbodies
Classification code:944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20130315914992
Title:Effects of uniformity and irrigation amount of drip system on distributions of soil water and nitrogen in arid area
Authors:Guan, Hongjie (1); Li, Jiusheng (1); Li, Yanfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.(lijs@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:121-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Uniformity ratio is an important parameter in the design and operation of microirrigation systems, and a greater ratio might be of benefit to obtain a more uniform distribution of water and nutrients in the soil. However, the initial installation costs of systems with greater uniformity values are relatively high. Recent experimental researches in semi-humid and semi-arid regions indicated that the system uniformity had no significant influence on the distributions of soil water content and nutrients as well as crop growth and yield. However, the results are not necessarily applied to the arid regions where there is considerably less precipitation than in semi-humid and semi-arid regions. The effects of drip system uniformity and irrigation amount on the distributions of water and nitrate in soil were evaluated in arid environments of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, during the growing seasons of cotton in 2010 and 2011 to amend the current design and evaluation standards of drip system uniformity. Three Christiansen uniformity coefficients (C<inf>u</inf>) of 0.65, 0.78, and 0.94 and three irrigation levels of 50%, 75%, and 100% of full irrigation were used. The lower C<inf>u</inf> values of 0.65 and 0.78 were obtained by assembling the segments of drip tubes with six different nominal discharges (1.1, 1.4, 1.75, 2.1, 2.7, and 3.0 L/h at 0.1 MPa) randomly along the entire lateral, but a mean emitter discharge of 2.1 L/h at 0.1 MPa, which was similar to the mean emitter discharge of the high uniformity treatment (C<inf>u</inf>=0.94), was maintained for the assembled laterals. The distributions of the soil water content were measured from seven equally spaced access tubes located along a dripline using a TRIME-FM. Gravimetric samples of soil were collected regularly to determine the temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate in the experimental plots. A high seasonal mean uniformity coefficient of soil water content (0.80-0.97) within 0-60 cm depth was observed during both seasons. The effects of drip system uniformity and irrigation amount and their interaction on the seasonal mean uniformity coefficient of soil water content within 0-60 cm depth were insignificant at a significance level of 0.05. A highly temporal and spatial varied distribution of nitrate in soil was observed. The uniformity coefficient of soil nitrate, which ranged from -0.27 to 0.92, was substantially lower than that of soil water content. Insignificant influences of drip system uniformity and irrigation amount and their interaction on the uniformity coefficient of soil nitrate were observed. As the considerably less precipitation in arid regions cannot compensate for the negative effects of nonuniformly applied water on the distributions of water in soil, the influence of drip system uniformity on the seasonal mean uniformity coefficient of soil water content within 0-60 cm depth was greater than that of uniformity coefficient of initial soil water content and irrigation amount. The results obtained in this study are useful for modifying the standards of drip irrigation uniformity in arid regions.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Cotton - Cultivation - Moisture - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Soil moisture - Soils - Tubes (components) - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Arid area - Arid environments - Crop growth and yields - Design and operations - Drip irrigation - Drip system - Evaluation standard - Experimental research - Gravimetric samples - Growing season - High uniformity - Installation costs - Irrigation level - Microirrigation systems - Seasonal mean - Semi-arid region - Soil water - Soil water content - Temporal and spatial distribution - Uniform distribution - Uniformity coefficient - Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20130315914975
Title:Adjustment of Kappa coefficient and its application in precision and agreement evaluation of drought forecasting models
Authors:Tian, Miao (1); Wang, Pengxin (1); Yan, Tailai (1); Liu, Chunhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, P.(wangpx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Traditional methods for evaluating drought forecasting accuracies cannot be used to evaluate drought forecast results of large areas based on satellite remote sensing data. This paper is mainly on the accuracy evaluation and agreement analysis of the drought forecasting results of the autoregressive models (AR) and the seasonal integrated autoregressive moving average models (SARIMA) using the Kappa coefficient. The drought forecasting results and the drought monitoring results of VTCI were categories into two classes that are drought and normal, and were used to build the transformation matrices to calculate the Kappa coefficients. Two apparent paradoxes have been identified for the Kappa statistic, and some related indices, positive consistency, negative consistency, and prevalence index, bias index, maximum and minimum values of Kappa and PABAK coefficients were calculated and analyzed for verifying the paradoxes and modifying the Kappa coefficients. Drought forecasting results in first, middle and last ten days of April, 2009 in the Guanzhong Plain of China were selected for the evaluation. The results show that the overall accuracy of the AR(1) models are better than the SARIMA models, while the ability of forecasting drought situation of the SARIMA models is better than that of the AR(1) models. The Kappa or adjusted Kappa coefficients combined with the positive consistency can be used to evaluate the drought forecasting accuracy.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Weather forecasting
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Drought - Forecasting - Linear transformations - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy evaluation - Auto regressive models - Auto-regressive moving average model - Drought monitoring - Forecasting accuracy - Forecasting models - Kappa coefficient - Kappa statistic - Minimum value - Paradox - Precision evaluation - Sarima models - Satellite remote sensing data - Transformation matrices
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20130315914977
Title:Design and experiment on potato digger of disc ce-grate type
Authors:Shi, Linrong (1); Wu, Jianmin (1); Zhao, Wuyun (1); Sun, Wei (1); Wang, Di (1); Li, Hui (2); Liu, Quanwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (2) Logistics Department, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Corresponding author:Wu, J.(wujm@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:15-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In accordance with current problems that soil and potato are separated incompletely, potato digger are easy to be plugged, excessive power consumption and so on, exsit in potatoes digger. A disc ce-grate type potato digger was designed, which matched with the four-wheels tractor. The fense-like digging shovel device and the disc ce-grate type of separation device was used to improve the separation efficiency, and the key parameters of the fense-like digging shovel device and the disc ce-grate type separation device were calculated and determined. The disc cutter structure was improved to leave tiny soil on the two sides of digging shovel while cutting soil. Field test showed that potato digger performed smoothly in digging and transporting, the separation effect was efficient, damage rate was 4.3%, losing rate was 3.3%, the obvious rate was 97.5%, all of which matched with the design requirements of technical specifications. Besides, in comparison with field test results of poke-finger-wheel type potato digger, obvious rate and damage rate of disc ce-grate type potato digger were better. Therefore, the study can provide an anti-blocking, easily picking up, little power consumption and well-adapted potato digger for ridge potato digging in the northwest dry farming area.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Separation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Excavators - Shovels - Soils - Structural design - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Damage rate - Design requirements - Digging shovels - Disc cutter - Dry farming - Field test - Key parameters - Picking up - Potato - Potato digger - Separating device - Separation devices - Separation efficiency - Technical specifications
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20130315915012
Title:Drying characteristics and its effects on quality of jujube treated by combined microwave-hot-air drying
Authors:Liu, Xiaodan (1); Zhang, Shujuan (1); He, Hulan (1); Xu, Huaide (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center of Jujube Engineering Technology in Shaanxi, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Xu, H.(xuhuaide@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:280-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To improve the quality of dehydrated Chinese jujube, the combined methods of microwave drying, hot-air high temperature drying and hot-air low temperature drying were utilized to dry Chinese jujube on the basis of segmented hot-air drying method and intermittent microwave drying method. Theeffects of different drying methods on drying characteristics and quality of jujube were studied. The results showed that the drying time of the combined methods were shortened more than 11% compared with segmented hot-air drying method.The internal temperature of jujube dried by segmented hot-air drying method was higher than the surface temperature. The temperature of jujube was highly increased using intermittent microwave drying method, resulting in high drying rates. The optimal parameters were 300g jujube dried for 12 min at 119 W of microwave, paused for 4 min, repeated times of 7, hot-air drying time of 9h at 55°C and hot-air drying time of 12h at 50°C. Under the optimal conditions the Vitamin C content of jujube was the highest, the browning degree was quite low, the effect of rehydration was very well, and the energy consumption was quite low.Therefore, it was a good method that microwave drying followed by hot-air drying, and it was quite suitable for drying Chinese jujube.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Energy utilization - Microwave heating - Microwaves - Optimization - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese jujube - Combined method - Drying characteristics - Drying methods - Drying rates - Drying time - High temperature drying - Hot air - Hot air drying - Internal temperature - Microwave drying - Optimal conditions - Optimal parameter - Surface temperatures - Vitamin C
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 642.1 Process Heating - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20130315915004
Title:Effect simulation of ethanol on combustion characteristics of diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)
Authors:Zhu, Suwei (1); Wang, Chunmei (1); Wang, Huichun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Corresponding author:Wang, C.(chunmei.wang@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:220-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the combustion and exhaust of diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), a multi-zone CHEMKIN model was used to study the potential of controlling diesel HCCI combustion by blending ethanol. The effect of ethanol addition on heat release rate, the maximum pressure rise rate and the emissions were numerically calculated. The effect of ethanol addition on the active intermediate radicals OH, CH<inf>2</inf>O and H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> was analyzed. The results show that the ethanol addition delays the low temperature heat release (LTHR), and retards the onset of main combustion, and the maximum pressure rise rate decreases. For the ethanol with the equivalence ratio of 0.3 and blending 57% (in mol) can retard LTHR and the main combustion by about 2.4°and 6.3°, respectively. With the same equivalence ratio, the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) can be reduced and the maximum reduction in IMEP be achieved 11.6% by increasing the ethanol. The blending of the ethanol in diesel HCCI at high equivalence ratio offers the possibility to extend the high load limit. The ethanol addition effectively reduced the pressure rise rate and the emissions of CO and NOx.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Ignition
Controlled terms:Blending - Combustion - Ethanol - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:CHEMKIN - Combustion characteristics - Diesel-HCCI - Diesels - Equivalence ratios - Ethanol addition - HCCI combustion - Heat Release Rate (HRR) - Homogeneous charge compression ignition - Indicated mean effective pressure - Intermediate radical - Low temperature heat release - LTHR - Maximum pressure - Pressure rise
Classification code:521.1 Fuel Combustion - 523 Liquid Fuels - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20130315914981
Title:Development and experiment of cold resistance tester for grape roots and branches
Authors:Hou, Jialin (1); Dang, Yuan (1); Gao, Zhen (1); Zhai, Heng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an 271018, China
Corresponding author:Zhai, H.(hengz@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:41-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the rapid development of wine industry in China, wine brewing cultivation moves to the west and north on a large scale. The cold and droughty weather of northern winter frequently causes the frost even death of dormant grape plants. There exist obvious differences among different grape varieties, breeds and cold-resistance of organs. In particular, the cold-resistance of roots is the weakest. Therefore, choosing comparatively improved cold-resistant breeds becomes an important task of scientific workers. In order to accurately and conveniently measure the cold-resistance of grapes, it is necessary to develop a tester to measure the cold-resistance of grape roots and branches in the laboratory. The tester mainly consists of STM32 MCU, off-chip ADC, temperature transmitter, and thermoelectric module. It has the function of measuring the cold-resistance grape roots and in the laboratory with a precision of 0.96%.The tester controlled the temperature transmitter by MCU and measured the real-time temperature within the test box. Meanwhile, thermoelectric module is controlled to measure the heat release of tissue cells belonging to the roots and branches when they freeze and the measurement data are transmitted to the MCU through serial port. The LT50 is obtained through the way of processing these data. Finally, the experiment result and storage data are showed by the epistatic machine system. Within the test box which can imitate the change of natural temperature, an experimental study is conducted to measure the cold-resistance of various grape roots and branches by using this apparatus. The experiment result indicates that Gloire Riparia and Vidal roots which LT50s are below -6.0°C have the stronger cold-resistance. The branch of Gloire Riparia has the strongest cold-resistance and its LT50 is between -28.1 and -30.7°C. This apparatus operates in a stable way which can meet the cold-resistance test requirement of grape roots and branches and also provide a basis for the cultivation of new cold-resistance breeds.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Experiments
Controlled terms:Data handling - Digital storage - Equipment - Fruits - Program processors - Sensors - Temperature - Thermoelectricity - Tissue - Transmitters
Uncontrolled terms:Cold-resistance - Experimental studies - Grape - Grape variety - Heat release - Machine systems - Measurement data - Off-chip - Semi lethal - Serial port - Temperature transmitters - Test requirements - Thermoelectric modules - Tissue cells - Wine industry
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 901 Engineering Profession - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801 Chemistry - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.1 Computer Programming - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20130315915011
Title:Moisture content prediction of oat seeds based on dielectric property
Authors:Guo, Wenchuan (1); Wang, Jing (1); Zhu, Xinhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, China
Corresponding author:Guo, W.(guowenchuan69@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:272-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To provide basic data for the developing of moisture content sensors for coarse cereals based on dielectric properties, oat seed samples were used to study the effects of frequency (1-10<sup>3</sup> kHz), moisture content (12%-21%), temperature (5-40°C) and bulk density (671-787 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) on the relative permittivity Ε' and dielectric loss factor Ε″ by coaxial-line cylinder capacitor. The reasons why permittivity changed with these factors were analyzed. Furthermore, the mathematical models between permittivity of oat seeds and main influencing factors at 10<sup>3</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup>, 5×10<sup>4</sup>, 10<sup>5</sup>, 5×10<sup>5</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> Hz were established and validated. The results indicated that the relative permittivity Ε' and dielectric loss factor Ε″ of oat seeds were decreased with the increasing of frequency, and increased with the increasing of moisture content, temperature and bulk density. The relationship between permittivity and main influencing factors can be described by ternary or binary cubic equations, with the coefficients of determination higher than 0.96. Compared with the moisture content obtained from oven drying method, the errors of predicated moisture contents of oat seeds based on dielectric properties at 10<sup>4</sup>, 5×10<sup>4</sup>, 10<sup>5</sup>, 5×10<sup>5</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> Hz were within ±1.2%, and it is feasible to predicate the moisture content of oat seeds based on dielectric properties. The study is helpful to understand the dielectric properties of oat seeds, and is instructive to develop moisture sensor for oat seeds.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Permittivity
Controlled terms:Dielectric properties - Electric insulation testing - Grain (agricultural product) - Mathematical models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Bulk density - Cubic equations - Dielectric loss factors - Moisture sensors - Oat - Oven drying method - Relative permittivity
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 641.1 Thermodynamics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20130315914991
Title:Effects of ebb and flow irrigation on soilless culture potted anthurium
Authors:Ma, Fusheng (1); Liu, Honglu (1); Yang, Shengli (1); Wu, Wenyong (1); Hao, Zhongyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China; (2) Beijing Eng. Tech. Research Ctr. for Explor. and Utiliz. of Non-Conventional Water Rsrc., Beijing 100048, China
Corresponding author:Ma, F.(mafusheng88@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:115-120
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore appropriate ebb and flow irrigation mode, effects of ebb and flow irrigation on soilless culture potted anthurium in multi-span greenhouse were investigated from July 4 to November 5 in 2009. Experimental mixed soilless culture with volumetric culture water capacity at 0.4315 and dry unit weight at 0.16 g/cm<sup>3</sup> was composed of Danish PINDSTURP solid culture and Chinese perlite according to the volumetric proportion by 10:1. Experimental seedlings with 18cm height were planted in plastic pot with 1.4 L before experiment started. The depth of nutrition liquid was determined by the height of plastic pot(H) for ebb and flow irrigation treatments, with 1/2H for T1, 1/3H for T2, 1/4H for T3, and 1/5H for T4. T5 was drip irrigation, of which drip equipments were composed of on-line dripper with flow rate at 3.85 L/h, multi-outlet adaptors with 1/4 and flow-equalizer peg. All treatments had same low irrigating threshold with 80% substrate water capacity(θ<inf>FC</inf>). The total ET, daily ET and culture moisture content were calculated by water balance method. The weight of experimental pots(pot, culture and seedling) and seedlings were determined by balance with 0.01g precision every day for pots and 5-7 d for seedling. Height and crown diameter were measured by ruler weekly. Results showed that irrigation technology has influence on culture moisture content, watering period, water consumption and flower quality. Total water consumption amount for one pot were 4337.6 g, 3926.7 g, 3780.2 g, 3695.9 g and 2562.3 g, average culture moisture content 98.5%θ<inf>FC</inf>, 95.4%θ<inf>FC</inf>, 90.4%θ<inf>FC</inf>, 90.7%θ<inf>FC</inf> and 84.7%θ<inf>FC</inf>, maximal daily water consumption amount with one pot 52.3 g, 47.8 g, 46.8 g, 45.2 g and 33.6 g for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Water use efficiency were above 90% for ebb and follow irrigation and 40%-50% for drip irrigation. Compared with drip irrigation, the substrate moisture content of ebb and flow irrigation was elevated 7%-23%, the watering period was prolonged for about 1-3 d, the amount of water consumption was advanced for 44.2%-69.3%, the height and crown diameter were elevated for 6.6-11.4 cm and 7.3-10.6 cm respectively, the length and width of spathe were elevated for 0.8-1.5 cm and 0.5-1.8 cm respectively, and the height of anthotaxy was elevated for 0.2-1.0 cm. Nutrition liquid depth is a key factor for water use efficiency and flower growth for ebb and flow irrigation. The substrate moisture content, watering period and growth of anthurium were not influenced by depth of nutrition liquid when the depth of nutrition liquid under or to be equal to 1/4H. The substrate moisture content would be elevated, watering period prolonged, and the amount of water consumption enhanced with the increase of nutrition liquid depth when the depth of nutrition liquid over 1/4H. T4 got the best quality of anthurium when the depth of nutrition liquid was 2.56 cm and watering period was 3-5 d. Further study would be focused on the mechanism about water holding and losing of soilless culture, effects of interaction for irrigation water amount and fertilizer amount on typical soilless culture flower.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Liquids - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nutrition - Seed - Solutions - Substrates - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Anthurium - Crown diameter - Drip irrigation - Dry unit weight - Ebb-and-flow - Flower quality - Irrigation treatments - Irrigation waters - Key factors - Multi-spans - One pot - Soil-less culture - Substrate moisture contents - Water balance method - Water capacity - Water consumption - Water holding - Water use efficiency
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 461.7 Health Care - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20130315914982
Title:Effects of geometric parameters for jet nozzle on self-priming performance of spray pump
Authors:Liu, Jianrui (1); Wen, Haigang (1); Gao, Zhenjun (1); Guo, Chenxu (1); Wang, Peng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) National Research Center of Pumps and Hydraulic System Engineering and Technology, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Liu, J.(ljrwjj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:47-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the effect laws of jet nozzle geometric parameters on self-priming performance of flow-ejecting self-priming spray, the jet nozzle geometric parameters including total length L<inf>1</inf>, nozzle angle θ, outlet length L<inf>2</inf> and outlet diameter D<inf>2</inf>were designed as changed factors, and 9 kinds of different jet nozzles were developed. The rules of two gas and liquid phase flow rate of the pump, impeller inlet velocity, gas phase volume distribution of outlet and internal gas phase volume distribution of the impellers for 9 kinds of different jet nozzle geometric parameters during the self-priming process were obtained by numerical simulation based on L<inf>9</inf>(3<sup>4</sup>) orthogonal test. The analysis results showed that the order of the jet nozzle geometric parameters affecting the two gas and liquid phase flow rate of the pump was D<inf>2</inf>gt;L<inf>2</inf>gt;L<inf>1</inf>gt;θ, and the order of the jet nozzle geometric parameters affecting the impeller inlet velocity was L<inf>2</inf>gt;θgt;D<inf>2</inf>gt;L<inf>1</inf>, the order of the jet nozzle geometric parameters affecting the gas phase volume distribution of impeller inlet was θgt;L<inf>1</inf>gt;D<inf>2</inf>gt;L<inf>2</inf>, the order of the jet nozzle geometric parameters affecting the gas phase volume distribution of the impeller was D<inf>2</inf>gt;θgt;L<inf>1</inf>gt;L<inf>2</inf>. Optimization results showed that the best combination of the jet nozzle geometric parameters was as follows: total length L<inf>1</inf>=55 mm, nozzle angle θ=42°, outlet length L<inf>2</inf>=2 mm and outlet diameterD<inf>2</inf>=13 mm. The study provides a reference for the design of flow-ejecting self-priming spray pumps.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Geometry
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Flow rate - Impellers - Inlet flow - Liquids - Nozzle design - Numerical methods - Pumps - Spray nozzles
Uncontrolled terms:Gas phase volume - Geometric parameter - Impeller inlets - Jet nozzle - Liquid Phase - Nozzle angle - Orthogonal test - Self-priming - Total length
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 601.2 Machine Components - 631 Fluid Flow
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20130315915003
Title:Preparation of 5-chloromethylfurfural as potential intermediate for biofuels using bagasses as raw material
Authors:Chen, Zezhi (1); Chen, Qian (2); Yang, Jinlan (1); Lin, Qiong (1); Huang, Muyun (1); Song, Guangquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (2) School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Q.(ustc_chenqian@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:214-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The One-pot conversion of bagasses into 5-chloromethylfurfural under mild conditions (75-95°C) was investigated. The catalytic efficiencies of ten metal chlorides (AlCl<inf>3</inf>, MgCl<inf>2</inf> etc.) were studied, and the desired product was characterized by GC-MS, <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic and infrared spectrum. The experimental results illustrated that all these tested metal chlorides can catalyze the conversion of bagasses into 5-CMF, and AlCl<inf>3 </inf>was the optimum catalyst in these catalysts including chlorides of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal. With AlCl<inf>3</inf> as the catalyst, the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, amount of AlCl<inf>3</inf> were optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: use 6.0 g/L AlCl<inf>3</inf>, 85°C for 3 h, and the yield of 5-CMF was 72%. This work will provide an important framework for the development of potential biofuels using bagasse as materials.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Bagasse
Controlled terms:Alkali metals - Alkaline earth metals - Biofuels - Catalysis - Catalysts - Chlorine compounds - Transition metals - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:5-CMF - Catalytic efficiencies - Infrared spectrum - Metal chlorides - One pot - Optimum conditions - Reaction conditions - Reaction temperature
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20130315914985
Title:Design of infrared rain sensor of irrigation system using error detection mechanism
Authors:Cai, Kun (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Yue, Xuejun (1); Xu, Xing (1); Huang, Shuangping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yue, X.(yuexuejun@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:70-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Rain will increase water content and reduce nutrition in the soil. Intelligent drip irrigation system is able to predict the beginning and ending of rain, and control the water-nutrition proportion in the irrigation system, thus saving water usage and building an optimum growing environment for crops. However, rain may disturb the communication between infrared transmitter and receiver, and cause errors in communications. A new error-detection-based infrared rain sensor was designed, which consists of a rain trap, a water tube, an infrared transmitter and receiver. The microcontroller can detect rain with the error in communication, while traditional rain sensors can only detect the beginning of rain, but not the ending. In addition, a method was proposed for optimal communication code selection, which was the selected code resulting in the largest error byte rate (EBR) when it was raining and the least EBR when it was not. The method showed that the code "1" had a significant effect on the EBR. Both theoretical analysis and experiments results proved that the optimal code was "255". Further experiments showed that the correction detection rate was larger than 0.9983 for continuous water flow, and between 0.7742 and 0.8307 for water drops. It is proved by experiment results that, the proposed sensor is better than the traditional rain sensors.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Bit error rate - Communication - Design - Error detection - Experiments - Irrigation - Nutrition - Optimal systems - Optimization - Sensors - Transmitters
Uncontrolled terms:Detection rates - Drip irrigation systems - Error-bit rate - Error-detection mechanism - Infrared communication - Irrigation systems - Optimal codes - Optimal communication - Transmitter and receiver - Water drop - Water flows - Water tubes - Water usage
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 801 Chemistry - 723.1 Computer Programming - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 461.7 Health Care - 443.3 Precipitation - 408 Structural Design - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20130315914990
Title:Simplified model on simulating soil water and salt transfer process under drip irrigation in cotton field
Authors:Sun, Lin (2); Luo, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Research, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Chinese Academy o, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Y.(luoyi.cas@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:105-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Salt accumulation under drip irrigation is a crucial problem relates to the irrigation district sustainable development directly. Mathematical simulation was an important method to answer this problem. However, the practical model was absent. We build a simplified algorithm on simulating soil water and soil salt transfer process under drip irrigation. In this model, the soil column of drip irrigation under mulch was divided into grids which used to simulated soil water and soil salt transfer process, the other hydrological process in the condition of drip irrigation under mulch, such as infiltration of precipitation or irrigation, and reallocation of soil water in unsaturated area, plant transpiration and soil evaporation also be simulated. The model was calibrated and validated by the observed data of the amount distribution and dynamics progress of soil salt obtained from field experiment which conducted in Water-saving Irrigation Experiment Station of the Shihezi University. The results indicated that the simplified algorithm well adapts to the simulation of soil water and soil salt dynamic in drip irrigated cotton field.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Cotton - Irrigation - Mathematical models - Precipitation (chemical) - Soil moisture - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation - Field experiment - Hydrological process - Irrigated cotton - Irrigation districts - Mathematical simulations - Observed data - Plant transpiration - Practical model - Salt transfer - Simplified algorithms - Soil column - Soil evaporations - Soil water - Soil water content - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20130315915000
Title:Effects of soil moisture and physical sand content on wind erosion modulus in wind tunnel testing
Authors:Zhao, Peiyi (1); Tuo, Debao (1); Li, Huanchun (1); Duan, Yu (1); Kang, Xuan (1); Gong, Qin (2); Zhang, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dry Farming, Key Observation Station of Ecologic Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology, Huhhot, 010031, China; (2) Wu Lanchabu City Soil and Fertilizer Workstation, Jining 012000, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, P.(zhpy1972@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the effects of soil moisture and physical sand contents on wind erosion modulus, seven artificial soil type treatments with physical sand contents of 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 % and 70 %, eleven treatments with soil moisture contents from 0 to 10 % at 1 % a step, and six wind speed treatments with 5, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 m/s, were tested in a instrument of wind erosion tunnel. The wind erosion amount was measured after 10 min wind blowing at 10 different heights of 20, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 mm with a cyclone sand collector, which set at placements of 1.2 m away from the wind tunnel. The results were integrated by using cubic spline interpolation method in MATLAB 7.4.0 (R2007) and were computed to wind erosion modulus E. The results showed that the wind erosion amount was very small when the sand content was less than 40%, showed no significant effects for water contents and collecting heights. The amount of wind erosion collected fitted a exponential function at spatial scale when physical sand quality fraction was smaller than 20%, it well fitted both exponential or power functions when physical sand quality fraction was ranged between 20% to 40%, and it fitted a power function when the sand content was higher than 40%. The wind erosion showed an exponential increase against the heights when the wind speed was slower than 9 m/s, and changed to a power function when it was faster than 9 m/s. The total amount of wind erosion in collectors at different heights was exponentially increased with the wind speeds. There were no significant difference in wind erosion accured when the sand content less than 40%. When sand content increased to more than 40%, the wind erosion increased along with increasing sand contents, especially when the soil moisture content was lower than 3%. The E showed an exponential increase against wind speeds. We concluded that the north side region of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia, China would be an important source of sandstorm with considering the soil moisture contents and physical sand contents, because the soil moisture content, in this region, was often less than 3% to 4 % in spring and winter seasons, the sand contents were more than 50% to 80%.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Sand
Controlled terms:Erosion - Interpolation - Moisture determination - Soil moisture - Storms - Wind effects - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial soils - Cubic spline interpolation method - Different heights - Exponential increase - Inner Mongolia - Power functions - Sand collectors - Sand content - Size fraction - Spatial scale - Wind blowing - Wind erosions - Wind speed - Wind-tunnel testing - Winter seasons
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 443.3 Precipitation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20130315914987
Title:Comparison of dual-source evapotranspiration models in estimating potential evaporation and transpiration
Authors:Yang, Yuting (1); Shang, Songhao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Corresponding author:Shang, S.(shangsh@tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:85-91
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Potential evapotranspiration depends greatly on local climate and vegetation distribution conditions, and is important in studying the cropland and basin hydrological circles. The current study provides a detailed comparison of the performances among three dual-source evapotranspiration models, including the layer model, the patch model and the hybrid model, in estimating and partitioning potential evaporation and potential transpiration under different hypothetical vegetation distribution conditions. The layer model ignores the difference of energy fluxes between under- and inter-canopy soil; while the patch approach assumes a full radiation loading for both the canopy and inter-canopy soil and ignores the evaporation from under-canopy soil surfaces; The hybrid model is a combination of the layer and patch models, and adopts the layer approach to partition available energy between canopy and soil and uses the patch approach to calculate energy fluxes. As a result, both under- and inter- canopy soil evaporation were estimated and distinguished in the hybrid model. In simulation scenarios, the height of vegetation was assumed to be 5 m with canopy leaf area index of 2 and minimum stomatal resistance of 170 s/m. The bulk surface leaf area index (LAI) varied from 0.5 to 5, and fractional vegetation coverage (F<inf>r</inf>) varied from 10% to 100%. The vegetation clumpy patterns were quantified by fixing LAI while varying F<inf>r</inf>. The climate data was obtained from the Linhe meteorological station located in an arid region in central Inner Mongolia of North China. The results indicated that both the patch and hybrid model performed reasonably well in estimating potential evapotranspiration under homogeneous vegetation distribution conditions. However, the layer model tended to overestimate potential evapotranspiration, as it generally gave higher potential evaporation estimates. The overestimation in potential evapotranspiration by the layer model was increased with the increase of F<inf>r</inf> and the decrease of LAI. On the contrary, the patch model had a tendency to underestimate potential evaporation, especially with high F<inf>r</inf> and low LAI. For heterogeneous vegetation distribution conditions, potential evapotranspiration estimated from the layer model was generally higher than that given by the patch and hybrid model, particularly with low F<inf>r</inf>. Potential evaporation (potential transpiration) from the layer model increases (decreases) with the increase of LAI. However, both variables from the layer model did not change with changes of F<inf>r</inf>. In contrast, potential transpiration estimated from the patch and hybrid model was increased with the increase of both LAI and F<inf>r</inf>. Potential evaporation from the patch model was increased with the increase of F<inf>r</inf>, but kept relative constant under various LAI conditions, while potential evaporation from the hybrid model was increased with the decrease of both F<inf>r</inf> and LAI. The above results suggest that the layer model may give reasonable potential transpiration estimates over homogeneous vegetated surfaces, while the patch model is more suitable for surfaces with lower fractional and clumped vegetation cover. By contrast, the hybrid model performs better than both the layer model and the patch model, which can be used to estimate potential evaporation and potential transpiration partitioning for a wide range of surfaces with different vegetation distribution patterns.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Estimation - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Loading - Models - Phase transitions - Rain - Soils - Transpiration - Vegetation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Dual source - Layer model - Patch models - Potential evaporation - Potential transpiration
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 672 Naval Vessels - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources - 443.3 Precipitation - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20130315914983
Title:Influence of penetrating cone on motion characteristics of sandy soil particle using discrete element method
Authors:Li, Yanjie (1); Wu, Teng (1); Lin, Jianhui (1); Xu, Yong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.(liyanjie.bjfu@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:55-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to predict the motion characteristics of soil particles during the penetration of the cone, simulations of cone penetration into sandy soil with DEM were carried out by establishing a 3D cuboid granular bed. In this study, it was mainly discussed about the trajectories of the given particles, the horizontal, vertical and resultant displacement fields, the velocity fields and contact-force fields of the granular bed. The results showed that vertical motion was dominated for the most particles, while the horizontal behave was the limited diffusion in approximately linear gradient and the lateral displacement of particles near the cone tip was obvious. In addition, most particles exhibited upward motion first and then downward motion, and a collar-shape zone became the boundary dividing the displacement zone upward and downward during the penetration, and the particles within the collar-shape zone were almost static. Finally, the contact forces and velocities of the particles closed to the cone tip were much larger, and the contact force became larger as the increasing of penetration depth. This study may provide a reference for the determination of distance between sampling points in the in-situ measurement of Cone Index.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms:Cones - Dynamics - Finite difference method - Sand - Soils - Three dimensional computer graphics - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Cone index - Cone penetration - Contact forces - Granular beds - In-situ measurement - Lateral displacements - Linear gradients - Motion characteristics - Penetration - Penetrometer - Resultant displacement - Sampling points - Sandy soils - Simulation - Soil particles - Upward motion - Velocity field - Vertical motions
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.1 Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 723.5 Computer Applications - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20130315914993
Title:Effects of alfalfa-grain (oil) crop plowing rotation on soil moisture and crop yield in Loess Plateau
Authors:Han, Li'na (1); Ding, Jing (1); Han, Qingfang (1); Ding, Ruixia (1); Nie, Junfeng (1); Jia, Zhikuan (1); Li, Wenjing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture Research in Arid Area, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Colloge of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Han, Q.(hanqf88@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:129-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to evaluate the water adaptability and economic benefit in different rotation systems, and put forward the suitable alfalfa-crop rotation model for the Loess Plateau, the soil moisture and crop yield were investigated,, while the economic benefit of the crop rotation field and fallow land was analyzed after plowing the 6-growth-old alfalfa grassland. The results showed that different alfalfa-crop rotation patterns had differences in restoring the soil moisture. After the post-harvest of the second year, alfalfa-rotation and alfalfa-leisure-leisure modes exhibited the best water eco-environment, soil moisture of which in 0-300 cm layer was close to continuous cropping; the soil moisture recovery layer appeared in 100-340 cm compared with the pre-stage of plowing alfalfa, but alfalfa-winter wheat-winter wheat mode had the worst water eco-environment and its soil moisture recovery layer appeared in 120-320 cm. After plowing the 6-growth-old alfalfa grassland, the soil moisture in 0-500 cm layer of two years for alfalfa-crop rotation was far from the level of continuous cropping. In the first and second year of rotation, the average of winter rape grain yield and water use efficiency respectively were increased by 34.9 %, 44.4 %(P&lt;0.05) than the continuous winter rape cropping. The average of winter wheat grain yield and water use efficiency respectively were increased45.0 %, 42.9 % (P lt;0.05) than the continuous winter wheat cropping. The benefit analysis in two years showed that the average output to input ratio of winter wheat rotation system was 1.5 times of continuous winter wheat cropping, 2.5 times of winter rape rotation and 3.4 times of continuous winter rape cropping. So the rotation of winter wheat was more suitable and efficient than winter rape after plowing the 6-growth-old alfalfa grassland. The study provide a reference for the sustainable use of alfalfa grassland and establishing a stable agriculture ecological system for dry land.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Grain (agricultural product) - Landforms - Rotation - Soil moisture - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Benefit analysis - Crop rotation - Crop yield - Dry land - Eco-environments - Ecological systems - Economic benefits - Grain yield - Loess Plateau - Medicago - Postharvest - Rotation pattern - Sustainable use - Water use efficiency - Winter wheat - Yield
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20130315914978
Title:Development and performance test on pneumatic cleaning-circulatory device of soybean thresher
Authors:Gao, Lianxing (1); Zhao, Xueguan (1); Yang, Dexu (1); Jiao, Weipeng (1); Zhang, Xinwei (1); Liu, Dejun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Liu, D.(ldjldj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:22-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve cleaning effect, reduce threshing losses and impurity rate of soybean thresher, the floating speeds of soybean emerging objects which included intact soybean kernels, unfilled kernels and parted kernels, unthreshed soybean pods, hard staff, broken straw and pod shell were measured by agricultural materials floating test-bed. The floating speed of intact soybean kernel was 9.18-11.61 m/s, that of unfilled kernel and parted kernel was 6.14-7.74 m/s, unthreshed soybean pods 3.81-5.48 m/s, hard staff 2.53-4.04 m/s and broken straw and pod shell 1.95-3.75 m/s. Based on the results of floating speeds test, a kind of air-suction cleaning device and tornado miscellaneous separating and circulation device for soybean thrashed debris were developed and theirs performance were tested. The results showed that when the optimal thrashing and cleaning quality was obtained with the fan rotation rate of 526-611 r/min and vibrating frequency of screen of 276-320 Hz for the developed soybean thresher, the mean straw debris rate was 0.70% and cleaning loss rate was 0.30%-0.32%. This study provides an important conference for the optimization design of pneumatic cleaning circulatory system and improvement of the performance for soybean thresher.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Air cleaners - Cardiovascular system - Cleaning - Debris - Optimization - Pneumatic equipment - Pneumatics - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Circulatory systems - Cleaning devices - Cleaning effect - Floating - Loss rates - Optimization design - Performance tests - Pneumatic cleaning - Rotation rate - Soybean - Thresher
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 931.1 Mechanics - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 632.3 Pneumatics - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20130315914996
Title:Behavior recognition method for individual laying hen based on computer vision
Authors:Lao, Fengdan (1); Teng, Guanghui (1); Li, Jun (2); Yu, Ligen (1); Li, Zhuo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environm, College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Network Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Teng, G.(futong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:157-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Animal behavior is an important animal welfare evaluation index. In order to achieve the automatic monitoring of laying hens behavior, a method of an individual laying hen behavior recognition based on computer vision technology was proposed in this study. The behaviors of moving, drinking, feeding, preening, shaking, resting, wing flapping, exploration and wing lifting of individual laying hen in single image could be distinguished by tracing the displacement and location of the laying hen, and the track activities and movement trajectories in a long time could be tracked using Bayesian classification with ten parameters calculated from the hen images using image processing techniques. The correlation coefficient of distance from laying hen images upper and lower contour to least-squares fitting ellipse longitudinal could effectively track the hens head, and the recognition rate of grooming behavior and exploratory behavior were improved. The test results of 9219 images indicated that the recognition rates of moving, drinking, feeding, preening, shaking, resting, wing flapping, exploration and wing lifting were 99.4%, 80.7%, 87.3%, 81.6%, 69.8%, 86.2%, 100%, 54.0% and 64.6%, respectively.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Behavioral research
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Computer vision
Uncontrolled terms:Animal behavior - Animal welfare - Automatic monitoring - Bayesian classification - Behavior recognition - Computer vision technology - Correlation coefficient - Evaluation index - Image process - Image processing technique - Laying hens - Least-squares fittings - Movement trajectories - Recognition rates - Single images - Wing flapping
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20130315914999
Title:Effects of purification of recirculating water in over-winter aquaculture in brackish wastewater constructed wetland
Authors:Shi, Yonghai (1); Zhang, Genyu (1); Liu, Jianzhong (1); Xu, Jiabo (1); Xie, Yongde (1); Zhu, Xiaodong (1); Zhu, Jianming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai 200433, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Y.(yonghais@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:179-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To develop constructed wetland in the application of aquaculture, the purification effect and overwinter cultural performance of obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) in the recirculating over-winter aquaculture combined with integrated brackish wastewater (from 7.6‰ to 9.9‰ of salinity) constructed wetland were investigated. The results showed that the average survival rates of young fish of obscure puffer was (76.94±13.87)% after 166 d overwinter culture, and the feed conversion coefficient (FCC) was 5.49±1.77. The water temperature of the system was above the lowest survival temperature of the obscure puffer without heating. The total nitrogen removed rate of the system was 30.5%, the total ammonia nitrogen was 69.6%, nitrite nitrogen was 96.1%, nitrate nitrogen was 9.7%, total phosphorous was 18.4%, chemical oxygen demand was 38.8%, total suspended solids was 79.7%, from the overwinter aquaculture wastewater under a hydraulic loading rate of 0.679 m/d. Various water quality parameters in the culture tanks were deemed suitable for obscure puffer overwinter culture. The removal rates of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in overwinter were significantly lower than that in summer, however, there was no obviously difference between winter and summer in the removal rates of the other parameters. Mass removal rates were increased with the increase of mass loadings in the range of the investigated mass loading. The actual ratio of wetland area (A<inf>w</inf>) to culture tank area (A<inf>t</inf>) was 1.26, and the estimated optimal ratio A<inf>w</inf>/A<inf>t</inf> was 0.36-0.97. Thereby, cultural densities of obscure puffer did not reach the maximum in the recirculating overwinter aquaculture system. Consequently, the wetlands exhibited flexibility and reliability in consistently removing the main pollutants from obscure puffer recirculating overwinter aquaculture system. The study showed that the recirculating aquaculture system could be developed in overwinter aquaculture.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Aquaculture
Controlled terms:Chemical oxygen demand - Loading - Nitrogen - Nitrogen removal - Phosphorus - Purification - Tanks (containers) - Wastewater - Water quality - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture systems - Aquaculture wastewater - Constructed wetlands - Conversion coefficients - Hydraulic loading rates - Mass loadings - Mass removal rate - Nitrate nitrogen - Nitrite nitrogen - Obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) - Purification effect - Recirculating aquaculture system - Removal rate - Survival rate - Total ammonia nitrogens - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorous - Total suspended solids - Water quality parameters - Water temperatures - Wetland area
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 672 Naval Vessels - 619.2 Tanks - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 453 Water Pollution - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20130315914997
Title:Effects of thermostatic apparatus for drinking water and roof-lighting system on improvement of growth rate of beef cattle in winter
Authors:Diao, Xiaonan (1); Wang, Meizhi (1); Chen, Zhaohui (1); Liu, Jijun (1); Zhou, Junsheng (3); Zhu, Yueming (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; (3) Beijing Golong Animal Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100193, China; (4) Experimental Station of Zhang Ye, Zhangye 734000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, J.(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:164-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the welfare of the beef cattle and increase the beef production efficiency during winter in northwest China, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drinking warm water and roof-lighting system on the beef performance and economic feasibility. Two barns of same structure with roof-lighting bands were used in this study. Beef cattle in treatment cowshed were supplied with 20°C warm water and solar heating waterer system, and beef cattle in control cowshed was supplied with 4°C cold water. The results showed that: 1) Beef cattle with supplying of warm water had significant higher daily body-weight gain (1.85 kg/d) than those by drinking cold water (1.63 kg/d) (P lt;0.01). 2) Solar radiant heat obtained from the sunlight through roof-lighting band was 463.363 MJ/d in treatment cowshed, and the average solar irradiation intensity of the day in the southern side of the treatment cowshed was lower than the northern side (7 W/m<sup>2</sup> vs. 59 W/m<sup>2</sup>, P lt;0.05). The average temperature in the northern side of the cowshed was significantly higher than the southern side from 10:00 am to 15:00 pm (5.60°C vs. 4.87°C for treatment cowshed, and 6.04°C vs. 4.92°C for control cowshed, respectively, P lt;0.05); and there was no significant difference on the average temperature between the southern side of the treatment cowshed and control cowshed, neither the northern side of the two cowsheds. 3) At the same time beefs in the northern side had significantly higher daily body weight gain than that in the southern side (1.84 kg/d vs. 1.64 kg/d, P lt;0.01). (4) Using warm water by solar heating and roof-lighting band in beef cattle cowshed can significantly improve the daily body weight gain of beef cattle in winter, as well as achieve higher economic benefit.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Roofs
Controlled terms:Animals - Anthropometry - Farm buildings - Growth rate - Lighting - Lighting fixtures - Meats - Potable water - Roof coverings - Solar heating
Uncontrolled terms:Barn - Beef cattle - Beef production - Body weight - Cold waters - Economic benefits - Economic feasibilities - In-control - NorthWest China - Radiant heat - Solar irradiation - Warm water
Classification code:707.2 Electric Lamps - 814 Leather and Tanning - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 822 Food Technology - 822.3 Food Products - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 707 Illuminating Engineering - 402 Buildings and Towers - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 444 Water Resources - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 643.1 Space Heating
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 39>
Accession number:20130315915010
Title:Classification identification of corn juices based on taste sensor array
Authors:Liu, Jingjing (1); Sun, Yonghai (1); Xie, Gaopeng (1); Wang, Xiaoyu (2); Sun, Zhonglei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20740, United States; (3) College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Y.(sunyh@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:265-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to identify corn juices with different flavor quickly and evaluate the conformance of the same corn juices, a taste sensor array including 12 sensors was built. The taste sensor array was tested with sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami tastes as the evaluation of its ability to distinguish 5 basic tastes. Principal component analysis and Probabilistic neural networks were used for analyzing the effect to distinguish basic tastes based on the sensor array. The array allowed a successful recognition of the basic tastes. The taste recognition capability was further tested in the identification of corn juices. A total of 9 commercial corn juices from different brands were analyzed. Cluster analysis showed that taste characteristics from the same corn juices were similar, and aggregated as a cluster. Dimensionality reduction was achieved by Principal component analysis. The previous three principal components were applied as inputs of probabilistic neural networks. The taste sensor array showed good identification of corn juices with identification accuracy of 95.06%.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Sensors
Controlled terms:Cluster analysis - Identification (control systems) - Neural networks - Principal component analysis - Sensor arrays
Uncontrolled terms:Classification identification - Corn juices - Dimensionality reduction - Identification accuracy - Neural - Principal Components - Probabilistic neural networks - Taste sensor - Umami taste
Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 801 Chemistry - 732 Control Devices - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.24.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.
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- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
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