<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20130315914937
Title:Land use changes and driving forces in Tai Lake region from 1980 to 2005
Authors:Xiao, Sisi (1); Wu, Chundu (1); Chu, Jinyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Xiao, S.(xiao780@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:1-11
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Studies on land use changes are one of the current research hotspots in man-land relationship. In order to promote coordinate development of man-land relationship between regions around Tai Lake in Jiangsu Province (RTLJP), land use change information of RTLJP in 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005 were extracted by integrating Landsat-TM/CBERS images with remote sense software. Based on statistic method in conjunction with GIS, characteristics of land utilization quantity changes and that of land use conversion in three periods (1980-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2005) of RTLJP were revealed. Furthermore, driving forces of land use changes in three periods were discussed. The results showed that lots of land use types took place complicated changes and converted between each others for 25 years. Meanwhile, the spatial- temporal characteristics of land use changes were different in three different periods. From 1980 to 1990, paddy field, water area and forest land were the main land use types, and the conversion from paddy field, forest land to construction land, and from forest land, dry land to paddy field were the main types and accounted for 87.21% of all land use types conversion. From 1990 to 2000, paddy field, water area and construction land were the main land use types, and the conversion from paddy field to construction land, dry land, water land, and from forest land, water land to paddy field were the main types and accounted for 80.18% of all land use types conversion. From 2000 to 2005, construction land and paddy field were the main land use types, and the conversion from paddy field to construction land, water area, grass land, forest land, from water area to construction land, and from water area, forest land to paddy field were the main types and accounted for 87.00% of all land use types conversion Regional land use degree was enhanced year by year, and finally was increased from 265.1 of 1980 to 299.9 of 2005. Land use was still in developing period. According to the changes of land use types conversion from 1985 to 2005, the entering speed of construction land was much greater than the exiting speed, which had the trend of a scale increasing. In the meanwhile, the entering speed of paddy field, dry land and forest land were less than the exiting speed, and presented a scale reducing trend. Human activities including population growth, economic development produced by industrialization and urbanization and land management policy were the main driving forces of land use changes of RTLJP. From the above, we can see that although RTLJP obtained great economic benefit because of land development, it faced degradation of the cultivated land resources, which challenged its coordinative and sustainable development of man- land relationship. This study quantitative defined the characteristics of land use change and their driving forces, and finally put forward a scientific reference for sustainable utilization of land resource and harmonious development of man-land relationship.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Economics - Forestry - Geographic information systems - Lakes - Natural resources - Population statistics - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Construction land - Cultivated lands - Driving forces - Dry land - Economic benefits - Economic development - Forest land - Harmonious development - Hotspots - Human activities  - Jiangsu province - Land development - Land managements - Land resources - Land use type - Land utilization - Land-use change - Paddy fields - Population growth - Statistic method  - Sustainable utilization - Tai Lake region - Temporal characteristics - Water areas
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.3 Database Systems - 971 Social Sciences - 512 Petroleum and Related Deposits - 444 Water Resources - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 501 Exploration and Prospecting
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20130315914965
Title:Analysis of land use spatial autocorrelation patterns based on DEM data
Authors:Gu, Jianli (1); Zhang, Haitao (1); Chen, Jiaying (1); Ren, Yan (1); Guo, Long (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, H.(zht@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:216-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The paper aimed to prospectively study the impact of topographic change on land use spatial autocorrelation patterns. Firstly, methods known as Moran's I, Moran scatter-plot and Anselin local Moran's I were adopted to analyze the spatial dependence in observations of land use among administrative units of Gucheng county. The results reveal that the spatial cluster and anomaly characteristics of each land use type in local areas of the whole region. Secondly, based on surface analysis, terrain factors were extracted from DEM data, including evaluation, slope, aspect, relief and roughness which were used for terrain analysis by means of zonal statistics in land use areas with spatial cluster or anomaly characteristics test at 0.05 significant level. The results show that typical features of mountains, hills and plains can greatly influence the spatial structure of land use spatial autocorrelation in regions, as it easily leads to the formation of local cluster characteristics of land use. While the generation of local anomaly characteristics usually derived from the special terrain or human activities. This study can provide a foundation for the adjustment of land use structures and optimization of land use patterns.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Autocorrelation - Factor analysis - Landforms - Optimization - Statistical methods - Structural optimization - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristics test - DEM - Dem datum - Human activities - Land use pattern - Land use type - Land-use structures - Local cluster - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial cluster  - Spatial dependence - Spatial structure - Special terrain - Terrain analysis - Terrain factors - Topographic changes - Use areas
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 922 Statistical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20130315914941
Title:Analysis on influencing factors of fuel consumption for mechanical paddy rice production in double-cropping areas in southern China
Authors:Xu, Lijun (1); Yang, Minli (1); Huang, Yuxiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) China Research Center for Agricultural Mechanization Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin 712100, China
Corresponding author:Xu, L.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:33-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Analysis on infulencing factors on fuel consumption in double cropping areas in south China is needed, because it can improve the understanding of how to reduce the amount of fuel consumption, the cost of agricultural production, to protect the environment and thus to increase farmers' income. 120 valid micro-data, empirical study and comparative analysis were used in the research. Results demonstrated that fuel consumption for paddy rice mechanical production was 95.08 L/hm² in double-cropping area, which was 11.80% higher than that in Northern paddy region (Heilongjiang Province), 9.12% higher than that in paddy-wheat rotate region (JiangSu Province), and 59.21% higher than that in Japan. Influencing factors on fuel consumption ranged from highest to lowest were as follows: machinery application environment, machinery allocation, machinery performance, mechanical technologies, and education level of machinery operators. The research is meaningful for reducing fuel consumption and cost of paddy rice production.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Factor analysis
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cost benefit analysis - Cost reduction - Fuels - Machinery - Mechanization
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Application environment - Comparative analysis - Consumption - Double-cropping - Empirical studies - Jiangsu province - Machinery performance - Mechanical production - Mechanical technology  - Paddy rice - South China - Southern China
Classification code:911.2 Industrial Economics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 601 Mechanical Design - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20130315914966
Title:Tupu analysis of land use intensity using semi-variance in Yinchuan Plain
Authors:Liu, Huan (1); Zhang, Rongqun (1); Hao, Jinmin (2); Ai, Dong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Corresponding author:Ai, D.(aidong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:225-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Application of geo-information tupu to study the spatial variation law of the land use intensity can reveal the change features of the location of the land use intensity, and provide a basis to regional land resources optimization allocation and social-economic sustainable development. In this paper, taking Yinchuan Plain as study area, the land use intensity tupu in the 2010 was studied by land use remote sensing mapping and geo-statistics based on semi-variance. The results show that there are obvious spatial regularities in the land use intensity of the Yinchuan Plain, which displaying the South-North directional, and performing obvious characteristics of the ribbon in the middle of the Yinchuan Plain. It shows obvious ring features in the south, and the land use intensity is weak in the north and west of Yinchuan Plain. Administrative center at all levels, irrigation drainage system and transport network control the spatial distribution pattern of land use intensity. Strengthening the land use control and layout optimization of the surrounding areas at all levels settlements is the focus of the current land use management of Yinchuan plain, and strengthening remediation use of low-yielding fields in the western and northern parts of the Yinchuan Plain is the key and difficult points of the local land consolidation project.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Geographic information systems - Landforms - Optimization - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Consolidation projects - Drainage systems - Geo-information Tupu - Geo-statistics - Land resources - Land use controls - Land-use management - Layout optimization - Semi-variance - Spatial distribution patterns  - Spatial variations - Study areas - Transport networks
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology - 723.3 Database Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20130315914940
Title:Design of corn stubble harvester based on TRIZ theory
Authors:Quan, Longzhe (1); Zeng, Baigong (1); Ma, Yunhai (1); Tong, Jin (2); Chen, Donghui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Terrain-Machine, Bionics Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Corresponding author:Tong, J.(quanlongzhe@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:26-32
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Because of the complexity of the combined form of maize stubble and soil, it is difficult to design maize stubble harvester. The TRIZ innovation theory was applied to build "Substance-field models" of reaping and scouring maize stubble from land, the reaping mode which combined shoveling with propelling and the scouring mode which consisted of pressure field, gravity field, vibration field. In order to improve the system performance, the TRIZ conflicts resolving principles were adopted to solve physical contradictions and technical contradictions, which were used to design shoveling-propelling mechanism, rolling mechanism and screening conveyor device. At last, CAD technology was used to build corn stubble harvester virtual prototype, according to system function mode and innovative design, the test platform whose parameters can adjustable was established, which would lay the foundations of the future research.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Design
Controlled terms:Experiments - Harvesters
Uncontrolled terms:CAD Technologies - Gravity field - Innovation theory - Innovative design - Physical contradictions - Pressure field - Rolling mechanism - System functions - Test platforms - TRIZ theory  - Virtual prototype
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20130315914938
Title:Control algorithm for intra-row weeding claw device based on trochoidal motion
Authors:Hu, Lian (1); Luo, Xiwen (1); Zhang, Zhigang (1); Zhao, Zhuoxi (1); Chen, Xiongfei (1); Yan, Yi'an (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment of South China Agricultural Univ., Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Luo, X.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:12-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For intra-row crop weeding application in the field, a claw tooth weeding device was designed, whose movement trajectory was based upon the trochoidal motion model. A control algorithm was developed to calculate the appropriate movement trajectory for the weeding device to achieve precise intra-row weeding without damaging to crop plants. The machine forward speed, the angular velocity of the weeding claw and the spatial layout of the crop plants were considered in the algorithm. The simulation of the algorithm was carried out using Matlab to evaluate the dynamic response of claw movement. The simulation results showed that the control algorithm could make the claw tooth avoid crop plants while it is weeding, and that the effect of varied forward speed on intra-row weeding coverage rate is very little. However, the coverage rate is related to the rotation radius of the weeding claw teeth. The larger the rotation radius, the lesser is the number of weeding claw teeth which operate in the intra-row area and the lower the intra-row weeding coverage rate. The experiment results show that the number of the weeding claw teeth in the intra-row area and the intra-row weeding coverage rate agree with the simulation results.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Algorithms
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Control theory - Crops - Dynamic response - MATLAB - Weed control
Uncontrolled terms:Avoidance - Coverage rate - Crop plants - Forward speed - Motion models - Movement trajectories - Spatial layout - Trochoidal motion
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 408.1 Structural Design, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20130315914956
Title:Citrus red mite image target identification based on K-means clustering
Authors:Li, Zhen (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Zeng, Xiangye (1); Zheng, Jianbao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Hong, T.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:147-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In recent years, the harm of citrus red mites in orchard is gradually becoming serious. Research on correctly and effectively identifying the occurrence of citrus red mites in orchard, thus spraying pesticide reasonably, will have important significance on the achievement of orchard harvest and environment protection. This study aims at providing an effective method for rapid citrus red mites pest detection from color images with complex background. The proposed algorithm took advantage of an Lab modeled image's a (red and green) and b (yellow and blue) component rather than RGB modeled image used by traditional image processing algorithms. The citrus red mite targets within an Lab modeled image were indentified based on K-means clustering method. Experiments were conducted using 8 citrus red mite images with different image clarity to compare the target recognition effect and efficiency of the grayscale method and K-means clustering with 2, 3, 4 and 5 cluster centers. The evaluation indicators for the comparison were recognition accuracy, error rate and identification time consumption. The recognition accuracy is the ratio of the number of correctly recognized red mites by algorithm to the number of actual red mites. The error rate is the ratio of the number of falsely recognized red mites by algorithm to the number of actual red mites. The image clarity was evaluated using the image clarity evaluation index which was calculated by the evaluation function based on Sobel edge detection operator. Results indicated that: although short time consumption was achieved, it was invalid to use the grayscale method for red mite recognition under complex background images, since the averaged recognition accuracy and error rate obtained from using this method on the 8 images was 29% and 201%, respectively. The recognition accuracy was 100% and the error rate was reduced to zero using K-means clustering with 5 cluster centers for images with higher clarity while an 88% recognition accuracy and zero error rate was achieved for images with lower clarity. Time consumed by K-means clustering with 4 cluster centers was similar to the time consumed by the grayscale method. Along with a grown image size, repeated cluster center calculation led to longer time consumption.It was hard to identify red mite with other color rather than that with red within the Lab color space, thus further research should focus on improving recognition accuracy by introducing red mites shape information. Furthermore, to decrease time consumption by optimizing cluster center selection will be another research direction.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Clustering algorithms
Controlled terms:Color - Color image processing - Computer vision - Edge detection - Identification (control systems) - Image processing - Orchards - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Citrus red mite - Cluster centers - Color images - Complex background - Environment protection - Error rate - Evaluation function - Evaluation index - Evaluation indicators - Gray scale  - Image clarity - Image processing algorithm - K-means clustering - K-means clustering method - Lab color space - Recognition accuracy - Research directions - Shape information - Sobel edge detection - Target identification  - Target recognition - Time consumption
Classification code:721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.6 Robot Applications - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20130315914971
Title:Process optimization for extraction of fishbone calcium assisted by high intensity pulsed electric fields
Authors:Zhou, Yajun (1); Sui, Siyao (1); Huang, Hui (1); He, Guidan (1); Wang, Shujie (1); Yin, Yongguang (1); Ma, Zhongsu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Corresponding author:Wang, S.(wsjie2002825@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:265-270
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the efficiency of fishbone calcium extraction, the high intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF) technique was used for assisted hydrolyzing the fishbone. The single factor experiment and second general revolving combination design results show that the pulse number, the electrical field strength, the mass ratio of citric acid and malic acid are the significant factors on the extraction efficiency of fishbone. With analysis of the regression mathematical model of extraction efficiency and the impact factor; the optimal combination of parameters was found that pulse number was 8, electrical field strength was 25 kV/cm, mass ratio of citric acid and malic acid in mix-acid was 1:1 g/g, acid charge proportion was 1:1 g/g, and water-powder ratio was 12:1 mL/g. Under the optimized condition, the extraction rate of 4 g fishbone power hydrolysate was up to 84.2%. The results show that comparing with ultrasonic technique, high intensity pulse electric fields is less time-consuming with higher extraction effeciency. The study can provide a reference for further studies of calcium fishbone extraction by PEF technique and the development of high calcium fishbone oral liquid.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Calcium - Citric acid - Efficiency - Electric fields - Mathematical models - Optimization - Processing - Ultrasonic testing
Uncontrolled terms:Combination design - Electrical field strength - Extraction efficiencies - Extraction rate - Fishbone - High intensity pulse - High-intensity pulsed electric fields - Impact factor - Malic acids - Mass ratio  - Optimal combination - Optimized conditions - Pulse number - Ultrasonic techniques
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 913.4 Manufacturing - 913.1 Production Engineering - 822 Food Technology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20130315914963
Title:CO<inf>2</inf> emission law of dry farmland soil in black soil region of Northeast China
Authors:Song, Qiulai (1); Zhao, Zesong (2); Gong, Zhenping (1); Ma, Chunmei (1); Dong, Shoukun (1); Yao, Yubo (1); Yan, Chao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) Institute of Rice Research, Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Sciences, Jiamusi 154007, China
Corresponding author:Gong, Z.(gzpyx2004@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:200-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study CO<inf>2</inf> emission law of field soil for regulating carbon balance, seasonal variation of CO<inf>2</inf> emission of maize and soybean field was investigated by continuous observation. Taking dry farmland soil as the research object, the carbon balance of farmland ecosystem was estimated. The results showed that: 1) Farmland soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission flux presented a single peak curve with seasonal variation. CO<inf>2</inf> emission flux reached the maximum in July. Straw mulching significantly increased the farmland soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission; Maize or soybean plantation had little effect on soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission. 2) Seasonal variation of soil temperature was consistent with that of soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission, the relationship between soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission flux and soil temperature could be well simulated by exponential equation and quadratic equation. However, exponential equation was better than quadratic equation, the correlation of soil temperature of 20 cm was the highest, which of 5 cm was the lowest. 3) Maize and soybean fields were usually the "sink" of atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf>, the average carbon-sink of maize-maize- soybean rotation (three years) was 4.53 t/hm².
Number of references:33
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Carbon - Farms - Oilseeds - Plants (botany) - Soils - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric CO - Black soil - Carbon balance - Continuous observation - Dry farmlands - Emission fluxes - Emission law - Exponential equations - Farmland ecosystem - Farmland soils  - Field soil - Maize - Quadratic equations - Region of northeast chinas - Research object - Seasonal variation - Single peak - Soil CO - Soil temperature - Soybean  - Soybean fields - Straw mulching
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20130315914970
Title:Mechanism of energy metabolism on cold acclimation treatment for alleviating chilling injury of peach fruit during low temperature storage
Authors:Zhu, Meiyun (1); Bai, Huan (1); Liang, Lisong (2); Wang, Guixi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (2) Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China
Corresponding author:Wang, G.(wanggx0114@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:257-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To investigate the effective ways of reducing the chilling injury of peach fruits by maintaining energy metabolism level at low temperature storage, the 'Okubo' peach fruits were pre-stored at 8&deg;C for 5 d and then stored at 0&deg;C for 60 d (cold acclimation treatment, CAT), and 24&deg;C, 5&deg;C, 0&deg;C storage were as CKs. All of fruits were packed (6&times;40/bag) with polyethylene plastic(0.04 mm, 10 holes) and the pocket felled with no tying to ensure gas exchange. Samples were measured every day for 24&deg;C, 5 d for 5&deg;C, 10 d for 0&deg;Cand CAT. Each time 40 fruits (4&times;10/bag) were taken completely random and divided into two parts, 20 fruits were measured directly and the other 20 fruits were placed for 3 d shelf-life under 24&deg;C. The effect of CAT on mitochondria respiratory metabolism-related enzymes and ATP contents during storage and shelf-life were investigated. The results showed that the H-ATPase, Ca²-ATPase, SDH and CCO activities of peach fruits appeared active peaks at 2-3 d during 24&deg;C storage, then significantly decreased with the softening of fruit. The activities of H-ATPase, Ca²-ATPase, SDH, CCO and ATP contents of 5&deg;C treatment are lowest, and their decrease speed are the fastest under this condition. 0&deg;C storage has better effect than 5&deg;C, while CAT storage can effectively inhibit the reduction of H-ATPase, SDH and CCO activities, and maintain higher contents of ATP. With the storage duration, the H-ATPase, Ca²-ATPase, SDH and CCO activities and ATP contents all decreased during shelf-life, but CAT treatment was significantly better than 5&deg;C and 0&deg;C processing. These results suggest that CAT treatment may maintain high energy level by regulating the activities of mitochondria respiratory metabolism-related enzymes, thereby prevent the development of chilling injury of cold-stored peach fruit and prolong storage period.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Adenosinetriphosphate - Calcium - Energy storage - Enzymes - Metabolism - Physiology - Temperature - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:ATP content - Chilling injury - Cold acclimations - Energy metabolism - Gas exchange - Low-temperature storage - Peach - Shelf life - Storage periods
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 723.5 Computer Applications - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 461.9 Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20130315914944
Title:Numerical calculation and experimental study of axial force on multistage centrifugal pump
Authors:Li, Wei (1); Shi, Weidong (1); Jiang, Xiaoping (1); Zhou, Ling (1); Xu, Yandong (1); Jiang, Zhikun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Technical and Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Shi, W.(wdshi@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:52-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The value and balance of axial forces are important factors that impact the centrifugal pump reliability, safety and efficiency. Due to calculated results of different experience formula of axial force are different, it is necessary and urgent to find a centrifugal pump axial force calculation method. Through theoretical analysis of axial forces, the flow field of multistage centrifugal pump was simulated by commercial software Fluent, which based on standard k-&Epsilon; turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm. The static pressure distributions in centrifugal pump internal were analyzed and the axial forces were acquired by static pressure points. Through pressure distribution tests of model pump, the 14 groups of pressure value in flow field and flow-pressure, head-pressure curve were obtained, and the axial force was estimated accordingly. Comparing the numerical results and experimental results, the pressure values at small flow condition have a big difference. At the rated conditions, the pressure values at impeller outlet are basically consistent with experimental values. The simulated results of axial force closely match with the experimental ones, and the maximum error is 4.6%, within allowable error range. The research can provide new ideas and methods for reliability designs of centrifugal pumps.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Axial flow
Controlled terms:Centrifugal pumps - Computer simulation - Flow fields - Pressure distribution - Reliability - Turbulence models
Uncontrolled terms:Axial forces - Commercial software - Error range - Experimental studies - Experimental values - Flow condition - Impeller outlet - Maximum error - Model pump - Multistage centrifugal pumps  - Numerical calculation - Numerical results - Pressure values - Rated condition - Reliability design - SIMPLE algorithm - Simulated results - Static pressure - Static pressure distributions
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20130315914974
Title:Optimization of combined extraction and separation of pectins and polyphenols from apple pomace
Authors:Wang, Ou (1); Wei, Ying (2); Zhang, Di (1); Zhou, Feng (1); Ji, Baoping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100027, China
Corresponding author:Ji, B.(jibaoping@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:286-292
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the optimal process conditions for the combined recovery of pectins and polyphenols from apple pomace of apple juice by-product, the dried apple pomace was extracted with acid method and separated by a hydrophobic styrene macroporous resin. The factors affecting extraction yield, including pH value, temperature, extracting time and solid/liquid ratio were analyzed to optimize the co-extraction technologies. The evaluation index included extraction rate on the yield of pectins and polyphenols, and separation rate on the polyphenol adsorption, pectin adsorption and pectin chroma. The different extraction technologies and six macroporous resins were evaluated using the method of multiple attribute decision making (MADM) algorithm based on interval number. The optimal conditions of combined extraction were obtained with pH value 2.0, temperature 95&deg;C, time 1.5 h and solid/liquid ratio 1:20 (g/mL). The mean pectin and polyphenol yields were 196.49 and 10.98 mg/g respectively, which possessing 92.28% and 85.92% of the highest single extraction yields. The optimal macroporous resin was XDA-5 for separation. According to the optimal separation conditions, the recovery of pectins and polyphenols were 98.32% and 92.15% of extraction sample. The results showed that application of MADM in the technology optimization can provide a reference for industrial production of recovery pectins and polyphenols from apple pomace simultaneously.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Fruit juices - Fruits - Optimization - pH - Phenols - Recovery - Resins - Separation - Styrene
Uncontrolled terms:Apple pomace - Macroporous resin - MADM - Pectins - Polyphenols
Classification code:822.3 Food Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20130315914964
Title:Network analysis of agricultural soil heavy metals' spatial distribution in Beijing
Authors:Li, Shumin (1); Li, Hong (2); Sun, Danfeng (1); Huo, Xiaoni (2); Zhou, Liandi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Institute of System Comprehensive Development, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Department of Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan 030009, China
Corresponding author:Sun, D.(sundf@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:208-215
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With ArcGIS, GeoDa, and Matlab, this paper studies the spatial pattern of Beijing agricultural soil heavy metals using complex network theory. Taking 1 018 soil samples as network nodes, and the spatial autocorrelation of soil heavy metals as edges connection reference, we create networks of Cr.Ni.Zn.Hg. And taking network cluster of Hg for example, we calculate network characteristics, such as degree, betweenness, average shortest path, etc. The conclusions of the research are as follows: 1) according to networks of Cr.Ni.Zn.Hg, nodes of high degree value only accounting for about 30%. These nodes affect more regional soil heavy metals around, and have formed stable network structures, which is difficult to prevent and control soil pollution. 2) Hg network cluster is a network of small-world characteristics, but not a scale-free. Nodes with high betweenness, undertaking the main network traffic, are concentrated, and distributed along with the Chaobai river. It's indicating that river play an important role in network formation. 3) Land uses, to a certain, impact the distribution of Hg network cluster. Human activities brought a lot of agricultural and mining sites, which result in Hg accumulation at north, east, and south of the core urban area of Beijing. The research can provide a reference for further analysis of the spatial pattern of soil heavy metal pollution and diffusion evolutionary mechanisms.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Autocorrelation - Heavy metals - Soil pollution - Soil pollution control - Soils - Spatial variables measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural soils - Beijing - Betweenness - Complex network theory - Complex networks - Evolutionary mechanisms - Heavy metal pollution - Human activities - Mining sites - Network characteristics  - Network cluster - Network formation - Network node - Network traffic - Scale-free - Shortest path - Small worlds - Soil sample - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial patterns  - Stable network - Urban areas
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20130315914961
Title:Poly-generation of activated carbon and silica from rice husk charcoal
Authors:Fang, Fang (1); Zhou, Jianbin (1); Yang, Jiliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, J.(zhoujianbin@njfu.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:184-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to effectively utilize the solid product of gasification electricity generation, the optimum reaction conditions of the poly-generation technology for production of activated carbon and silica extraction from the rice husk charcoal were optimized by single-factor experiment. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: the liquid-solid ratio of K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> solution(mass fraction of 20%) to rice husk charcoal was 15:1(mL/g), and the mixture was melted at 100&deg;C for 3.5 h; The carbonization temperature and activation temperature for rice husk activated carbon was 450&deg;C and 850&deg;C, respectively, and activation time was 2 h. The aging temperature and aging time for silica was 3&deg;C and 3h respectively. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon was 39.34%, the iodine adsorption value was 978.35 mg/g, and the methylene blue adsorption value was 12 mL/0.1 g. The yield of SiO<inf>2</inf> was 25.77% and its whiteness was 89.91%. The experiment indicated that the quality of rice husk activated carbon and silica product prepared in this process both reached to the national standards. The research can provide a practical way for the high efficiency, pollution-free and resource utilization of rice husk charcoal.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Activated carbon
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Carbonization - Charcoal - Electric generators - Experiments - Extraction - Iodine - Optimization - Silica
Uncontrolled terms:Activation temperatures - Activation time - Aging temperatures - Aging time - Carbonization temperatures - Electricity generation - Iodine adsorption - Liquid solids - Mass fraction - Methylene blue adsorption  - National standard - Optimal conditions - Optimum reaction conditions - Poly-generation - Resource utilizations - Rice husk - Solid products
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 705.2 Electric Generators - 524 Solid Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20130315914972
Title:Maize seed classification based on image entropy using hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors:Zhu, Qibing (1); Feng, Zhaoli (1); Huang, Min (1); Zhu, Xiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, College of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, X.(zhuqib@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:271-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The seed purity is an important index of the seed quality. Hyperspectral imaging technology was investigated to classify the maize seeds in this study. First, the image entropy of hyperspectral images were extracted as classification features for 17 varieties including 1632 samples, which the spectral region covered 400-1&nbsp;000 nm and contained 233 wavelengths. Then, sixty-five optimal wavelengths were selected using partial least squares (PLS) projection algorithm. At last, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was used to develop the classification models for the maize seed purity. The results indicated that the training accuracy of 99.19% and the testing accuracy of 98.90% were achieved by the models with the optimal wavelengths (only 27.90% of full wavelengths), which can implement the purity classification of multi-class maize seeds.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Spectroscopy
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Computer vision - Imaging techniques - Optimization - Seed - Spectrum analysis - Wavelength
Uncontrolled terms:Classification features - Classification models - Hyper-spectral images - Hyperspectral Imaging - Image entropy - Maize - Maize seeds - Multi-class - Optimal wavelength - Partial least square (PLS)  - Partial least squares-discriminant analysis - PLSDA - Projection algorithms - Seed quality - Spectral region - Testing accuracy - Training accuracy
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 801 Chemistry - 741.2 Vision - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 746 Imaging Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20130315914953
Title:Multi-source automatic crop pattern mapping based on historical vegetation index profiles
Authors:Hao, Pengyu (1); Niu, Zheng (1); Wang, Li (1); Wang, Xiulan (3); Wang, Changyao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) College of Resoures and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; (3) The Academy of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Z.(niuz@irsa.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:123-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Multi-temporal vegetation index (VI) reflects phonological calendar feature, which is one of the most distinguishing features between different crops. It has been widely used in detecting the dynamics of vegetation characteristics over time and land cover classification. However, medium to high spatial resolution time series VI data (spatial resolution &gt;30m) has not been utilized because single sensor cannot provide the images of all time phrases. In addition, the comprehensive utilization of multi-source images is limited as the difference between sensors. The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of crop mapping using multi-source medium resolution time series VI data (TM HJ-1) based on reference historical time series VI profiles in Bole County. Since all of MODIS, TM and HJ-1 have red band and NIR band, three VIs: NDVI, EVI2 and WRDVI calculated from these two bands were employed in this paper. Then, MODIS and field-plot data were utilized to build annual time series VI profiles of different crops between 2006 and 2010, and the historical references profiles by iteratively calculating the weighted average of annual VI profiles were got. Therefore, to reduce VI difference among TM, HJ-1 and MODIS, TM/HJ-1 VI to MODIS VI using linear regression method, and got medium spatial resolution time series VI data composed of TM and HJ-1 in 2011. To extract crop patterns were translated, historical reference profiles were interpolated by time phrases of TM/HJ-1, Euclidean distance between time series VI data and reference profiles was computed and threshold of crop mapping using field samples between 2006 and 2010 was calculated. Nevertheless, as reference time series VI profiles of cotton and corn were similar (correlation coefficient &ge; 0.99), the sixth time phrase (DOY=253) where cotton and corn reference profiles had the largest difference was utilized to distinguish cotton and corn. Finally, the crop mapping accuracy was compared with supervised classification, the result showed that crop mapping accuracy based on historical profiles using NDVI, EVI2 and WRDVI were 90.53%, 91.35% and 90.83%, and Kappa coefficient were 0.78, 0.81 and 0.80, which were better than that of supervised classification. It was concluded that crop mapping based on historical reference time series VI profiles omitted choosing training sites procedure, and interfaced the automatic crop mapping. What is more, this paper also offered a new method to comprehensive utilization of multi-source remote sensing data.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Cotton - Image resolution - Iterative methods - Linear regression - Mapping - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Satellite imagery - Thulium - Time series analysis  - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Annual time series - Correlation coefficient - Crop mapping - Euclidean distance - High spatial resolution - Historical profiles - HJ-1 - Kappa coefficient - Land cover classification - Linear regression methods  - MODIS - Multi-source images - Multi-temporal - Multisources - Reference time - Remote sensing data - Single sensor - Spatial resolution - Supervised classification - Vegetation index  - Weighted averages
Classification code:944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 742 Cameras and Photography - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 547.2 Rare Earth Metals - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20130315914943
Title:Optimal operation models and comparison of their energy-saving effects for large pumping station system
Authors:Feng, Xiaoli (1); Qiu, Baoyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
Corresponding author:Qiu, B.(yzdxqby@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:46-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Large pumping stations play a key role in irrigation, drainage, water diversion, urban water supply and sewage, which protecting the safety of people's lives and property, promoting economic development, improving people's lives and constructing ecological environment. Especially for step pumping stations, there are lots of the facilities and equipments with large installed capacity, long running time, high energy consumption and operating costs. Pump stations have close hydraulic connections among each step, and the flow and water level are interacted with each other, which restrict the operation of the entire step pumping station system. The optimization scopes for large pumping station operation are gradually expanded. The economic operation of a pump or a pump assembly is progressively developed to a single pump station, the parallel pumping station group and step pumping station system. The factors are considered more and more comprehensively as well. The optimizing goal is gradually developed from high pump efficiency to the highest efficiency of pump assembly and pumping stations. In addition to the energy consumption of the main pump units, it also includes the energy consumption of the auxiliary equipment, trash clean-up equipment, power transmission facilities and transformation system in a pumping station. In the existing research, only the energy loss of main pump unit (including the pump assembly, the drive apparatus and the motor) is taken as the research goal, or even the energy loss of the other device (or facilities) is considered, it is only estimated. So, there is improving space in energy-saving effect. In order to know energy saving effect for large pumping station system, the research scopes of optimal operation schemes for large pumping stations were analyzed. Taking the highest pump assembly efficiency as the optimization objective, optimal models were established for a single pump unit by adjusting pump blade angles and rotational speeds respectively. Also, under the circumstances of certain pumping discharge and pump assembly head, aiming at the lowest operation cost, optimal models were established for a single pumping station and parallel pumping stations. Under the circumstances of pumping certain volume, aiming at the lowest operation cost, optimal models were separately established considering head variation and time-varying electrical price for a single pumping station, parallel pumping stations, parallel pumping station system and step pumping station system. Considering different research scopes and factors, the optimal results of three calculating cases indicate that pump assembly efficiency at optimal blade angles is maximum increased 4.21 percentage points for a single pump unit. Electrical costs of optimal schemes are saved by 5.64% and 6.83% than that of design schemes for a single pumping station system considering time-varying electrical price and blade adjustment and step pumping station system. Energy losses of power transmission and transformation, pumping stations and water transmission should be considered comprehensively when establishing optimal models. The research scopes and factors are more comprehensive, the energy and cost saving effect is more significant. In the optimal models, if the considered scopes and factors are added, the variables will be more, and the solving progress will be complex with heavy calculating load and long calculating time. Therefore, the suitable optimal methods should be further researched aiming at the characteristics of the optimal models for large pumping station system.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pumping plants
Controlled terms:Auxiliary equipment - Energy conservation - Energy dissipation - Energy utilization - Flood control - Hydraulic control equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Models - Operating costs - Optimization  - Power transmission - Pumps - Research - Sewage - Turbomachine blades - Water levels - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Blade adjustments - Blade angle - Calculating time - Design scheme - Ecological environments - Economic development - Economic operations - Electrical costs - Electrical price - Energy and cost  - Energy-saving effect - High energy consumption - Hydraulic connection - Installed capacity - Operation cost - Operation schemes - Optimal methods - Optimal model - Optimal operation - Optimal results  - Optimal scheme - Percentage points - Pump efficiency - Pump station - Pumping discharge - Pumping station operation - Pumping stations - Research goals - Rotational speed - Running time  - Single pumps - Time varying - Transformation systems - Transmission facilities - Urban water supply - Water diversions - Water transmission
Classification code:618.2 Pumps - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 901 Engineering Profession - 901.3 Engineering Research - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 618 Compressors and Pumps - 446 Waterworks - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 452.1 Sewage - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20130315914973
Title:Process optimization for high maltose syrup preparation by extrusion of corn flour
Authors:Ye, Lingling (1); Xiao, Zhigang (1); Wang, Limin (1); Ma, Xiuting (1); Liu, Yuxin (1); Sun, Xu (1); Li, Jie (1); Ren, Yunhong (1); Zheng, Huanyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Xiao, Z.(zhigangx@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:277-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to save energy and shorten the production cycle of extreme high maltose syrup, the process of high malt syrup preparation by extrusion corn flour was experimentally studied, and the effects of barrel temperature, screw rotation speed, aperture diameter, and material moisture on maltose content and syrup yield were analyzed. Results showed that the barrel temperature was the biggest effect factor, and followed by material moisture, screw rotation speed and the aperture diameter. The optimized condition was that with barrel temperature 59&deg;C, material moisture 23%, screw rotation speed 200 r/min and aperture diameter 6 mm, the degermed corn extrudate was saccharified 8 h and liquefied 10 min. By high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the maltose content of syrup was 69.19% and the syrup yield was up to 100.62%. The results can be provide references for industrial production of maltose.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Maltose
Controlled terms:Extrusion - High performance liquid chromatography - Moisture - Optimization - Processing - Screws
Uncontrolled terms:Aperture diameter - Barrel temperature - Corn flour - Effect factors - Extreme high maltose syrup - Extrudates - Industrial production - Optimized conditions - Production cycle - Rotation speed  - Save energy - Syrup yield
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.4 Manufacturing - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 535.2.2 Metal Forming Practice
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20130315914942
Title:Optimal design on parameters of guide vane of radial diffusers in centrifugal pump
Authors:Kong, Fanyu (1); Su, Xianghui (1); Chen, Hao (1); Qu, Xiaoyun (1); Jiang, Wanming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Technical and Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Kong, F.(kongfy2918@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:40-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Segment multistage pumps are widely used in industry, and their radial diffusers are always low in matching the impellers. This paper borrows lessons from the area ratio theory and puts forward a new method to determine the parameters of the guide vane of radial diffusers through the mathematic relation. Based on FLUENT software, numerical investigation is carried on the pump with radial diffusers using the standard model and the SIMPLEC algorithm. The result shows the throat area influences the pump performance greatly, and the area ratio Anderson advised is bigger than it should be. The optimal design on the guide vane can increases the efficiency of the pumps, the best model designed in the paper is 2.3 m higher in head and 1.6% higher in efficiency than the ones designed in traditional ways. Therefore the optimal design is effective. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for hydraulic optimization of segment multistage pumps.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pumps
Controlled terms:Centrifugal pumps - Numerical analysis - Optimal systems - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Andersons - Area ratios - Best model - FLUENT software - Guide vane - Multistage pumps - Numerical investigations - Optimal design - Pump performance - Radial diffuser  - Research results - SIMPLEC algorithm - The standard model - Throat
Classification code:618.2 Pumps - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20130315914951
Title:Comparison of winter wheat LAI estimation methods based on hyperspectral dimensionality reduction and vegetation index
Authors:Fu, Yuanyuan (1); Yang, Guijun (2); Feng, Haikuan (2); Xu, Xingang (2); Song, Xiaoyu (2); Wang, Jihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(wangjh@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:107-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The actual number of samples is much less than the dimensionality of hyperspectrum. The LAI estimation model based on the whole spectrum is unstable. This paper presented a dimensionality reduction based LAI estimation method which was the combination of two band selection methods and principal component regression (PCR) or partial least squares regression (PLSR). The first band selection method is based on the correlation coefficient between original spectral reflectance and LAI, and the second band selection method is based on characteristic of spectral curve. Five representative vegetation indices including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI), Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) and Triangular Vegetation Index (TVI), were chosen. Using field measured winter wheat canopy hyperspectral data and LAI in 2009 and 2010, the proposed dimensionality reduction based LAI estimation methods and vegetation index based LAI estimation methods were compared. The experimental results indicated that the overall accuracy of dimensionality reduction based LAI estimation methods were higher than that of vegetation index based LAI estimation methods, generally. The model combing the proposed first band selection method and PLSR got the highest overall estimation accuracy with R²=0.818, RMSE=0.685 in cross-validation experiments. At the same time, the models combing the proposed two band selection methods with PCR respectively also reached high overall LAI estimation accuracy.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Crops - Estimation - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Band selection - Correlation coefficient - Cross validation - Dimensionality reduction - Enhanced vegetation index - Estimation methods - Estimation models - Hyper spectra - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral Data  - LAI - Normalized difference vegetation index - Number of samples - Overall estimation - Partial least-squares regression - Principal component regression - Spectral curves - Spectral reflectances - Vegetation index - Winter wheat
Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20130315914945
Title:Effect of DTBP on biodiesel combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with bio-diesel
Authors:Wang, Zhong (1); Qu, Lei (1); Li, Mingdi (1); Chen, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu University, School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Qu, L.(quleistone@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:60-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The ignition performance of biodiesel was redesigned by using cetane number improver-di-tert-butyl peroxide. The bench test was conducted to measure the cylinder pressure and emissions in a diesel engine at different loads at the speed of 2 900 r/min. The effects of DTBP proportion on combustion process and emissions of the diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel were also investigated. The results showed that compared with biodiesel, with the increase of DTBP content, the ignition delay and the maximum cylinder pressure were decreased. With the addition of 0.75% DTBP in biodiesel, the ignition delay was shortened by 1. 2&deg;CA, while the combustion duration was shortened by 3&deg;CA, the maximum cylinder pressure was reduced by 2.5%. The HC?CO and smoke emissions of diesel engine were improved significantly with the addition of DTBP. When the diesel engine fuelled with 0.25%DTBP, the emissions decreased most at rated speed and 25% load. Compared with biodiesel, HC emission decreased by 42.7%, CO emission decreased by 13.9%, NOx emission decreased by 15.7%. But with the increase of adding proportion of DTBP, the emissions would increase slightly. DTBP has no effects on the emission of biodiesel in calibration conditions.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Biodiesel - Combustion - Cylinders (shapes) - Exhaust gases - Ignition - Neutron emission
Uncontrolled terms:Bench tests - CO emissions - Combustion duration - Combustion pro-cess - Cylinder pressures - Di-tert butyl peroxide - Emission characteristics - HC emissions - Ignition delays - Maximum cylinder pressure  - NOx emissions - Smoke Emission
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 523 Liquid Fuels - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 932.1 High Energy Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20130315914958
Title:Algorithm of real time data fusion for greenhouse WSN system
Authors:Xiong, Yingjun (1); Shen, Mingxia (1); Lu, Mingzhou (1); Liu, Yonghua (1); Sun, Yuwen (1); Liu, Longshen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) Key Lab Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
Corresponding author:Shen, M.(mingxia@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:160-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to meet the request of data fusion for greenhouse wireless sensor networks (WSN) system, an algorithm of multi-sensors data fusion in real-time was put forward. First, sensor data sequence was checked for consistency and then exponentially smoothed three times on sensor nodes; Then, the smoothed data was sent to the router or gateway, fusion by a power mean square, which works based on the proposed new-model support function without operating exponent in this paper. Algorithm was tested in the glass greenhouse of Jiangsu Agriculture Expo Garden, experimental results showed that cubic exponential smoothing can significantly reduce data volatility; data fusion precision of new-model support function and Gaussian support function had no significant difference, while actual running time of new algorithm was less 83.6% than the latter, and the fusion effect was better than the arithmetic average operator.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Sensor data fusion
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Data fusion - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Sensor nodes - Sensors - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Average operator - Exponential smoothing - Gaussians - Mean square - Multi sensor - Real-time data fusion - Running time - Sensor data - Support degree - Support functions
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 732 Control Devices - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 451 Air Pollution - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20130315914968
Title:Study on different chilling factors influencing water-holding capacity of pork based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR)
Authors:Li, Chun (1); Zhang, Luda (2); Ren, Fazheng (1); Yao, Zhongfeng (3); Hu, Haitao (4); Li, Xingmin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; (3) College of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, College of Geophysics and Information Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Corresponding author:Li, X.(lixingmin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:243-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Obtaining water distribution information can help explain the water-holding capacity of pork. This study investigated water distribution and mobility of M. longissimus dorsi from 32 Duroc&times;Landrace&times; Large white pigs under different chilling methods by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). Multi-exponential fitting of the bulk NMR T<inf>2</inf> transverse relaxation time data demonstrated that four distinct water populations were T<inf>20</inf> (150-500 &mu;s), T<inf>21</inf> (1-3 ms), T<inf>22</inf> (40-50 ms) and T<inf>23</inf> (150-400 ms). Significant correlation was found between T<inf>22</inf>, T<inf>23</inf> time constant and drip loss, and between T<inf>22</inf>, T<inf>23</inf> time constant and cooking loss (P&lt;0.01), respectively. The strongest correlation was found between pT<inf>23</inf> and drip loss (r=0.858). Initial increase and following decrease were observed in the immobilized water (pT<inf>22</inf>) during the chilling period, but free water (pT<inf>23</inf>) showed minor decrease followed by moderate increase. Compared with conventional chilling, rapid chilling method resulted in reducing weight loss by 0.3%, and treatment of increasing humidity reduced weight loss by 0.5%. The NMR images showed more free water on the surface of muscle samples in the treatment of relative humidity 95% than the treatment of relative humidity 80%. The results are instructive and meaningful to optimizing chilling parameters in slaughter industry.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Nuclear magnetic resonance
Controlled terms:Food processing - Magnetic resonance imaging - Meats - Population statistics - Processing - Water distribution systems - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Drip loss - Free water - Longissimus - NMR images - Time constants - Transverse relaxation - Transverse relaxation time - Water distributions - Water holding capacity - Weight loss
Classification code:932.2 Nuclear Physics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 913.4 Manufacturing - 822.3 Food Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 746 Imaging Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20130315914967
Title:Models of rural residential land consolidation based on rural households' willingness
Authors:Qu, Yanbo (1); Jiang, Guanghui (2); Zhang, Fengrong (4); Shang, Ran (5)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan 250014, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (3) College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (4) Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (5) Department of Modern Agricultural Technology, Shandong Agricultural Administrators College, Jinan 250100, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, G.(macrophage@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:232-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Safeguarding farmers' rights is widely understood as one of fundamental principles for carrying out rural residential land consolidation. Taking Pinggu district of Beijing as a case, the participatory rural appraisal and semi-structured interview method were used to survey the rural households' willingness on rural residential land consolidation in rural and farmers' scales, and 748 questionnaires were collected. On the basis of farmers classification and their characteristics analysis, the paper was trying to explore willingness and decision-making factors of different types of rural household on rural residential land consolidation, and synthetically consider the condition of farmers and their needs and preferences on consolidation to discriminate the models of rural residential land consolidation in Ping district, which aims to provide references for governments on how to find a proper way to transfer the rural residential land consolidation with the so-called people-rights-oriented principles. The results indicate that: 1) The farmers' concurrent business has become a common phenomenon in suburban areas of Beijing, and rural households' willingness on rural residential land consolidation is very strong, impacting factors have the common and specific characteristics. 2) From the point of view of rural households' rational choice, with degrees of concurrent business from low to high, the decision-making factors of rural households' willingness on rural residential land consolidation are diverting along the direction of subsistence to economy and then to society. Furthermore, the main factors influencing households' willingness are subsistence rationale, economic rationale, and socio-economic rationale in accordance with the different types of rural households, i.e., agriculture-oriented employee, agricultural-industrial integrated employee, and nonagricultural employee, respectively. 3) There are some remarkable differences about rural residential land consolidation models for different types of rural households, the central village merger model is suitable for agriculture-oriented employee, the intra-village intensification model is suitable for agricultural-industrial integrated employee, and the urbanization transferring model and industry leading model are suitable for nonagricultural employee.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Decision making - Economics - Factor analysis - Land use - Models - Rural areas - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristics analysis - Consolidation model - Fundamental principles - Impacting factor - Low-to-high - Participatory rural appraisals - Pinggu district - Rural households - Semi structured interviews - Socio-economics  - Suburban areas
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 912.2 Management - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 971 Social Sciences - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 405.3 Surveying - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20130315914946
Title:Multi-objective optimization analysis for soil nutrients sampling point layout in county range
Authors:Chen, Tian'en (1); Dong, Jing (1); Chen, Liping (1); Chen, Dong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA), Beijing 10097, China; (2) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, L.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:67-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is obvious that optimal design of crop soil sampling locations would significantly decrease the number and costs of sampling by the premise of satisfying sampling precision, or insure the sample having the best representativeness by the limitation of sampling quantity. A multi-object optimization analysis and decision-making model of regional crop soil densities sampling distribution was put forward by researching and screening the various factors which influence the distribution of crop soil nutrients sampling destinies, and the spatial effect of different soil nutrients. The model's solving process is analyzed according to the improved genetic algorithm. At last, the model was analyzed and verified separately from two views for finding the best sampling densities distribution under the condition of assigned number, and insuring the minimum quantity of sampling densities by the premise of satisfying sampling precision and representativeness based on the farmland spatial data and screened environmental data in Baoying, Yangzhou. The results show that this model is suitable for solving soil nutrients uniform sampling planning problems under the condition of a large number of dispersive arable lands in the range of county area, which can provide a quantitative method for optimization analysis.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Crops - Factor analysis - Genetic algorithms - Models - Multiobjective optimization - Nutrients - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Crop soils - Decision making models - Environmental data - Geo-statistics - Multi objective optimizations (MOO) - Multi-object optimization - Optimal design - Optimization analysis - Planning problem  - Quantitative method - Sampling densities - Sampling distribution - Sampling points - Soil nutrients - Spatial data - Spatial effect - Uniform sampling
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20130315914955
Title:Analysis on relationship between water level and water area of lake based on MODIS image
Authors:Huang, Jinlong (1); Tao, Hui (2); Wang, Yanjun (1); Bai, Yungang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (3) Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China
Corresponding author:Huang, J.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:140-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on the water areas extracted by MODIS data and monthly water level monitoring data in May to October during 2001-2010, the relationship between water area and water level of Bosten Lake was analyzed by using statistical method in this study. The verification of the model shows that the model works well as to predict the water coverage area with water level data and the errors are all less or equal to 7%. According to the relationship between water level and water area, curve of the relationship between water area and water level of Bosten Lake (exclude the small lakes) in May to October during 2001-2010 were established. The results show that MODIS data can capture the changes of the water area. The water areas and water level of Bosten Lake decreased during 2001 to 2010. The Bosten Lake (exclude the small lakes) water areas and water level show a good cubic polynomial relationship. So the research provides a useful method to calculate water area of Bosten Lake (exclude the small lakes) when remote sensing data is influenced by clouds.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Lakes
Controlled terms:Monitoring - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Coverage area - Cubic polynomials - MODIS - Remote sensing data - Water areas - Water level monitoring - Water-level data
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 407.2 Waterways - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 731.1 Control Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20130315914939
Title:Case search and adaptation based on feature parameters of products
Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Wu, Fenghe (1); Zhang, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(jun64@ysu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:19-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:By extracting the feature parameters and setting up the relation model between technical parameters and structure parameters with artificial neural network, the new feature parameters were mapped. Then this new feature parameters were regarded as the attribution of the new problem, Lance and William distance were chose as similarity measure to realize the similar case search, so the physical structure similarity searching was turned into parameter vector similarity searching and the new feature parameters were also used to modify the similar case obtained. The working principle, feature parameter extracting, ANN model and Lance and William similarity measure were discussed. The workflow and modules of the prototype for bucket elevator deign were also presented to test the feasibility of the new approach, and this research can provide technical support for rapid and intelligent design of complex products.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Product design
Controlled terms:Conveyors - Design - Neural networks - Production
Uncontrolled terms:Bucket elevators - Case adaptation - Case based design - Complex products - Feature parameters - Intelligent designs - Parameter vectors - Physical structures - Relation models - Similar case  - Similarity measure - Structure parameter - Technical support - Working principles
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 692.1 Conveyors - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20130315914949
Title:Porous medium resistance model and simulation on effect of wave dissipation of mangrove forest
Authors:Wu, Yanyou (1); Guo, Xiaojun (1); Fu, Weiguo (1); Chen, Yujun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; (3) Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Y.(yanyouwu@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:91-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Wind and wave dissipation of tidal flat vegetation plays an important role in the embankment protection. The flow resistance mathematical models for mangrove porous media were built based on the momentum conservation equation and exponent equation using porous media source of speed. The effects of different factors on the flow resistance of mangrove were analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics software, Fluent. The results showed that the dissipation effect was involved in the porosity, the width of shelterbelt, and the depth of wave. Of which, the effect of water depth on wave dissipation was most obvious. With the increase in the porosity, the wave velocity increased sharply at first, and then increased slightly as the porosity was more than 0.4. With increase in the forest belt width, the wave velocity decreased at different degree. The fitting results of Logistic equation based on 4 parameters showed that wave velocity presented a decrease tendency of anti-S-Shape with increase of the forest belt width. Based on above results, a new approach was put forward for evaluation of the effect of mangroves on wave dissipation.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Acoustic wave velocity - Computational fluid dynamics - Forestry - Mathematical models - Models - Porosity - Porous materials
Uncontrolled terms:Computational Fluid Dynamics software - Dissipation effects - Effect of water - Fitting results - Flow resistance - Logistic equations - Mangrove forest - Mangroves - Momentum conservation equations - Porous medium  - Resistance models - Tidal flat - Wave dissipation - Wave velocity
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 723.5 Computer Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20130315914962
Title:Garden slow percolation system for processing rural distributed wastewater
Authors:Duan, Zengqiang (1); Duan, Jingjing (1); Geng, Chenguang (1); Li, Xun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Corresponding author:Duan, Z.(zqduan@issas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:192-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the problems of non-point source pollutions resulted from decentralized rural domestic wastewater in China, on the basis of self-purification capability of soil, garden land infiltration system was constructed in a garden land at Caohuang village of Xinghua city in Jiangsu province, which combined the techniques of traditional slow rate land treatment system and the Australian land filter system. Hydraulic loading rates were calculated based on the growth characteristics of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), meteorological conditions and land capacity of the site. Water distribution and drainage system were also optimized in the present study for improving treatment capability. The garden land infiltration system had run for six months since June, 2010. The results showed that the average removal rates of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonium nitrogen (NH<inf>4</inf>-N) were 80.7%, 89.2%, 89.5%, 60.2% and 85.7%, respectively. The concentration of pollutants in the outflow met the requirements of the first standard (A level) of National Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002). No significant difference was found after the experiments between the groundwater qualities in the experiment plot and the control plot. The treatment efficiency of this garden land system has preferably reached the design requirements. According to the calculation, the construction cost of the system was only 36 000 Yuan with the treatment capacity of 14.7 m³/d, which was much lower than other wastewater treatment techniques. The garden land infiltration system has the advantages of technique-feasible, cost-effective and maintenance-convenient, and can also provide a viable alternative for decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas of China.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Wastewater treatment
Controlled terms:Ammonium compounds - Chemical oxygen demand - Experiments - Groundwater - Land reclamation - Nitrogen removal - Pollution control - Reclamation - Rural areas - Solvents  - Water quality - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonium nitrogen - Construction costs - Decentralized wastewater - Design requirements - Domestic wastewater - Drainage systems - Filter system - Garden land - Ground-water qualities - Growth characteristic  - Hydraulic loading rates - Jiangsu province - Land Systems - Land treatment systems - Meteorological condition - Municipal wastewater treatment plants - Non-point source pollution - Percolation systems - Removal rate - Self-purification  - Total nitrogen - Total Organic Carbon - Total phosphorus - Treatment capacity - Treatment efficiency - Water distributions
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.2 Groundwater - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20130315914954
Title:Estimation of fluvo-aquic soil organic matter content from hyperspectral reflectance based on continuous wavelet transformation
Authors:Liao, Qinhong (1); Gu, Xiaohe (2); Li, Cunjun (2); Chen, Liping (2); Huang, Wenjiang (2); Du, Shizhou (3); Fu, Yuanyuan (1); Wang, Jihua (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technique, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (2) Beijing Agriculture Information Technology Research Center, Beijing 100097, China; (3) An hui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui 230031, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:132-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Hyperspectral remote sensing technology had been widely used in the estimation of soil organic matter due to its non-destructive, rapid, and high spectral resolution characteristics. The 64 fluvo-aquic soil organic matter (SOM) obtained from Beijing Shunyi district had been estimated successfully by using the hyperspectral reflectance based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT), the results had also been compared with four common spectral transformation methods, it showed that the fluvo-aquic soil had the same spectral curves with other types soils, and the absorption peaks appeared in the visible and near infrared bands after the spectral curves removed by hull curve. The sensitive bands for estimating the SOM were 1194nm, 486nm, and 866nm, and the corresponding wavelet decomposition scales were 2, 3, and 4. The R²of multiple linear regression model built between the wavelet energy coefficients and SOM was 0.67 by using the CWT, the R²and RMSE between the measured value and predicted value were 0.75 and 0.21, respectively, while the highest R² of estimation model built by the four common spectral transformation methods was 0.09, which showed that the CWT is more suitable for estimating the fluvo-aquic soil organic matter content. Through the interpolation analysis of Kringing, the more sampling points should be increased in the southeast of Shunyi district for improving the precision of models.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Estimation - Linear regression - Organic compounds - Reflection - Remote sensing - Spectrum analysis - Wavelet decomposition
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption peaks - Continuous Wavelet Transform - Continuous wavelet transformation - Continuous wavelet transforms - Estimation models - High spectral resolution - Hyperspectral reflectance - Hyperspectral remote sensing technology - Interpolation analysis - Kringing  - Multiple linear regression models - Non destructive - Sampling points - Shunyi District - Soil organic matter contents - Soil organic matters - Spectral curves - Spectral transformations - Visible and near infrared - Wavelet energy
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 921 Mathematics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 731.1 Control Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.2 Geochemistry - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20130315914952
Title:Winter wheat area estimation based on structure and scale using remote sensing
Authors:Tan, Jianguang (1); Zhang, Jinshui (1); Gao, Chenxue (1); Bao, Yuyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Resources and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.(zhangjsh@bdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:114-122
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Because of the effects of mixed pixels and plants with the same spectral character as winter wheat, the traditional way of sampling which is stratified by planting scale can not guarantee the estimation accuracy when estimating wheat areas with complicated planting structure by remote sensing. To solve this problem, a comprehensive structural index in sampling was defined which considered the two effects. The experimental data were the TM and QuickBird images of the same area acquired at nearly the same time. The area of winter wheat was estimated in different sampling methods and the standard error, degree of accuracy as well as coefficient of variation of the result were calculated to compare among random sampling, stratified sampling stratified by planting scale and stratified sampling stratified by structure. The results shows that no matter which estimate method is taken or how many samples are chosen, taking planting structure into account can always improve the quality of samples and raise the accuracy, especially when the sample size is small (on which occasion standard error is reduced by 2.0&times;10⁵m² and degree of accuracy is increased by 1%). In this way, this research provided theoretical basis for monitoring the area of winter wheat by using remote sensing images in large scale.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Estimation - Image reconstruction - Indexing (materials working) - Remote sensing - Sampling
Uncontrolled terms:Area estimation - Coefficient of variation - Degree of accuracy - Mixed pixel - QuickBird images - Random sampling - Remote sensing images - Sample sizes - Sampling method - Spectral characters  - Standard errors - Stratified sampling - Structural indices - Structural scale - Theoretical basis - Winter wheat
Classification code:603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20130315914948
Title:Relationship between volume-based and number-based fractal dimensions of soil particle size distributions
Authors:Li, Yi (1); Li, Min (1); Si, Bingcheng (2); He, Chansheng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry Sci-Tech University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (3) Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Research School of Arid Environment and Climate Change, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.(liyikitty@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:82-90
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A volumetric soil particle size distribution (PSD) can be used to determine volume- (D<inf>V</inf>) and number (D<inf>N</inf>)-based fractal dimensions simultaneously. Direct comparisons between D<inf>V</inf> and D<inf>N</inf> were not available before by theoretical and experimental methods. To present the theoretical relationship between D<inf>V</inf> and D<inf>N</inf> and analyze the sensitivity of parameters, twelve soil samples representing different soil textures were taken at different locations in China and analyzed by laser diffractometry. The theoretical relationship between D<inf>V</inf> and D<inf>N</inf> was developed with 3 parameters including R<inf>upper</inf> (upper limit of particle radius), R<inf>i</inf> (the ith radius) and R<inf>lower</inf> (lower limit). The relationship can be used to explain why D<inf>N</inf> can be greater than 3. The estimated D<inf>V</inf> values (2.18 to 2.69) were smaller than the D<inf>N</inf>values (2.38 and 3.19) within unadjusted power-law ranges (PLR) which ranged from 38.6 to 85.8 &mu;m for D<inf>V</inf> and 53.2 to 358 &mu;m for D<inf>N</inf>. The adjusted PLR for estimating D<inf>V</inf>and D<inf>N</inf> were narrower than the unadjusted PLRs. Within the adjusted PLRs, the estimated D<inf>V</inf> values were from 2.11 to 2.56 and the D<inf>N</inf> values were from 2.28 to 3.02. The difference between D<inf>V</inf>and D<inf>N</inf> values estimated from adjusted and unadjusted PLRs implied that R<inf>upper</inf>, R<inf>lower</inf>, R<inf>i</inf> and R<inf>lower</inf>/R<inf>upper</inf>can affect the D<inf>V</inf>and D<inf>N</inf> relationship, and sensitivity analysis of parameters is essential. Sensitivity analysis can distinguish the relative variations of the parameters in D<inf>V</inf>-D<inf>N</inf> relationship using coefficients of sensitivity (C), through which the most important parameter that affects D<inf>V</inf>-D<inf>N</inf> relationship can be determined. Based on the C values at different circumstances, R<inf>upper</inf> was found to be the most important factor that influenced the estimation of D<inf>N</inf> values. A relatively small R<inf>upper</inf> may result in a less accurate estimation of D<inf>N</inf>. Larger PLR can result in more accurate estimation of D<inf>N</inf>. The relatively small absolute values of relative errors (lt;12%) between calculated D<inf>N</inf> and observed D<inf>V</inf> implied the correctness of relationship between D<inf>V</inf>and D<inf>N</inf>. The research can provide a reference for estimating number-based fractal dimension based on volume-based fractal dimension calculated from soil particle size distributions.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Fractal dimension
Controlled terms:Diffraction - Estimation - Lasers - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Sensitivity analysis - Size distribution - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute values - Accurate estimation - Experimental methods - Laser diffractometry - Lower limits - Particle radii - Power-law - Relative errors - Sensitivity of parameters - Soil particle size  - Soil sample - Soil textures - Upper limits
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 744.1 Lasers, General - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20130315914947
Title:Mechanical properties of saltating soil particles in steady-state wind field
Authors:Yue, Gaowei (1); Jia, Huina (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, He'nan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
Corresponding author:Yue, G.(mxlygw@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:74-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Acted force on saltating soil particles is a key problem to study micro-mechanism in wind erosion disaster. In this paper, steady-state two phase flow model is suggested with the coupling interaction between air and particles, and the different force acted on saltating soil particles is theoretically calculated and analyzed. The numerical results show that ratio of the drag force to gravitation is between 2 and 20, but the ratio of Magnus force, Saffman force and electrostatic force to gravitation are only between 0 and 0.5. In the same wind field, and with the same lifting-off velocity, from the ratio of the different force to gravitation and the effect of the different force for saltating soil particles trajectories, it can be seen that the drag force and gravitation play dominant roles in soil particles movement, the effect of Magnus and electrostatic force are smaller, and Saffman force is the smallest and can be neglected. The soil particle motion trajectories show that the simulation results of this model is agreement to the experimental results. Acted by different force, the difference of soil particles trajectories is obvious, but acted by gravity, drag force and Magnus force, soil particles trajectories has minimum error, which fully shows that the model is reasonable. The study can provide a theoretical basis for farmland protection measures.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Drag - Electrostatic devices - Electrostatic force - Gravitation - Mechanical properties - Models - Soils - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Coupling interaction - Drag forces - Magnus forces - Micro mechanisms - Numerical results - Protection measures - Saffman force - Soil particles - Theoretical basis - Two phase flow model  - Wind erosions - Wind field
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.5 Gravitation, Relativity and String Theory - 931.1 Mechanics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 404.1 Military Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20130315914957
Title:Method for detecting pesticide concentration on leaf using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors:Yin, Lei (1); Qiu, Baijing (1); Deng, Bin (1); Cai, Chengcheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Qiu, B.(qbj@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:154-159
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In this paper, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was applied to detect and research the pesticide concentration on the surface of leaves. The optimal hands for 350~1 900 nm were obtained, the normalization of standard deviation, the average filtering of three slides and the first derivative combination were selected as combination pretreatment method, five kinds of mathematical models with the applications of stepwise regression analysis, principal component, principal components combined with the artificial neural network, partial least squares, partial least squares combined with the artificial neural network were established. The results indicate that the root mean square error of cross-validation of the prediction of five algorithms were 0.067, 0.061, 0.059, 0.039, 0.056 respectively. The partial least squares method has high prediction precision. Considering the effects of different crop types to the leaves prediction precision, three kinds of plant leaves for object:fatsia japonica, brassica napus and green vegetables were selected by using the partial least squares method, the correlation coefficient between the prediction values and the truth values in the prediction set were 0.994, 0.974, 0.929 and the root mean square error of cross-validation of the prediction set were 0.039, 0.050, 0.075. The results indicate that different kinds of crop leaves have less influence on the measurement of solution concentration and it is feasible to test the pesticide concentration with diffuse spectroscopy technology.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Crops - Detectors - Forecasting - Mathematical models - Mean square error - Neural networks - Pesticides - Plants (botany) - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Brassica napus - Correlation coefficient - Crop leaves - Cross validation - Diffuse reflectance - Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy - Diffuse spectroscopy - First derivative - Leaf surfaces - Partial least square (PLS)  - Partial least-squares method - Plant leaves - Prediction precision - Pretreatment methods - Principal Components - Root mean square errors - Solution concentration - Standard deviation - Stepwise regression analysis - Truth values
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 914 Safety Engineering - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 461.9 Biology - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20130315914960
Title:Effect of nonionic surfactant PEG on lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton stalk
Authors:Xi, Linqiao (1); Wu, Shuqi (2); Ma, Chunhui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Arael 843300, China; (3) Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Key Lab. of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Arael 843300, China
Corresponding author:Ma, C.(chunhuima@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:176-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the cellulose hydrolysis, reducing the amount of enzyme, the effect of different degree ploymerization poly ethylene glycol (PEG, with various amount of ethylene oxide) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton stalk was investigated, especially with regard to soluble reducing sugar, enzyme activity, enzyme protein adsorption, degradation rate, and enzyme kinetics parameters. The results showed that addition 2.5 g/L of PEG2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 binded to lignin by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding, reduced the unproductive binding of enzymes, in which PEG6000 was the best. Addition of 3.0 g/L of PEG6000 to enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulose increased the conversion rate from 28.13% to 58.12% with 24 h hydrolysis time. Adsorption of enzyme protein content decreased from78.72% to 45.17%. By addition of PEG6000 it was possible to perform hydrolysis in 3 h. FPA (filter paper activity) decreased from 0.1245 to 0.012 FPU/mL, and descended by 90.37% without PEG6000. FPA was recovered from 0.012 to 0.041 FPU/mL with PEG6000. With 48 h hydrolysis, conversion rate with and without PEG6000 addition reached 65.71% and 54.68%, respectively, which was improved by 18%. PEG6000 addition can improve the cotton stalk lignocellulose hydrolysis rate, and the results can provide a reference for the industrial production of cotton stalk.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Enzymatic hydrolysis
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Cellulose - Cotton - Degradation - Enzyme kinetics - Enzymes - Ethylene glycol - Hydrogen bonds - Hydrolysis - Lignin  - Nonionic surfactants - Polyethylene glycols - Straw - Surface active agents
Uncontrolled terms:Cellulose hydrolysis - Conversion rates - Cotton stalk - Degradation rate - Enzyme hydrolysis - Ethylene oxides - Filter paper activity - Hydrolysis rate - Hydrophobic interactions - Industrial production  - Kinetics parameter - PEG6000 - Protein adsorption - Protein contents - Reducing sugars
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20130315914969
Title:Evaluation for fresh juice of strawberries with different storage period using electronic tongue
Authors:Gao, Liping (1); Wang, Jun (1); Cui, Shaoqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(jwang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:250-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to discuss the change rules of fresh juice quality of strawberry with different cold storage time, the electronic tongue was used to evaluate the physicochemical properties and qualities of fresh juice of strawberries quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), it was concluded that fresh juice of strawberries stored for different time could be described by electronic tongue well. In early storage of strawberries, quality of the fresh juice decreased rapidly. With middle storage period of strawberries, quality of the fresh juice decreased slowly. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) was also employed to predict the storage time of the samples. The result show that BPNN can get 94.9% training accuracy and 85.71% prediction accuracy. Partial least-square (PLS) regression and diverse line regression were employed to predict the component of fresh juice. PLS regression was more capable of building models with good prediction accuracy (R² gt;0.9) than multiple line regression, which showed the good predictive validity on the quality of fresh juice of strawberries.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Electronic tongues - Forecasting - Fruits - Least squares approximations - Models - Neural networks - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Back-propagation neural networks - Building model - Linear discriminant analysis - Partial least-square regression - Physicochemical property - PLS regression - Prediction accuracy - Storage periods - Storage time - Strawberry juice  - Training accuracy
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 694.4 Storage - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20130315914959
Title:Dissolved oxygen prediction model of eriocheir sinensis culture based on least squares support vector regression optimized by ant colony algorithm
Authors:Liu, Shuangyin (1); Xu, Longqin (1); Li, Daoliang (2); Zeng, Lihua (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
Corresponding author:Li, D.(dliangl@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:167-175
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The dissolved oxygen in aquaculture ponds is crucial to the survival of eriocheir sinensis. Grasping the trend of the dissolved oxygen concentration timely and accurately is the key for the high-density healthy eriocheir sinensis culture. In order to solve the low prediction accuracy and bad robustness of the traditional methods in dissolved oxygen content prediction, the combined ant colony algorithm (ACA) was combined with least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) algorithm to construct a non-linear prediction model for predictin the dissolved oxygen content changing in intensive aquaculture eriocheir sinensis cultures. The hybrid ACA-LSSVR algorithm inherits from advantages of this regression model support vector machine and applies linear least squares criteria to the loss function instead of traditional quadratic programming method. Thus it effectively increases the training speed. But it restricts the prediction accuracy and performance whether the kernel function and parameter calibration are appropriate. Therefore, we choose the Gauss RBF kernel function as the kernel function of the least squares support vector regression model, which needs few parameters to set and can well process high dimensional space nonlinear relationship. Moreover, the global heuristic search ant colony optimization method was used to seek the optimal hyper parameters needed in the least squares support vector regression model, which overcoming the blindness and the impact of human factors of the trial-and-error method in parameter selection of support vector regression model and accelerating model convergence rate. The combinations of the best parameters were obtained automatically after the optimization, from which the nonlinear prediction model between the dissolved oxygen and the impact factors was constructed. Based on the prediction model, the dissolved oxygen changing was predicted for a high-density aquaculture pond during July 20, 2010 to July 28, 2010 in Yixing city, Jiangsu province. Experimental results show that the proposed prediction model of ACO-LSSVR has good prediction effect than the support vector regression machine and BP neural network method. Under the same experimental conditions, the relative RMSE, MSRE, MAE, R² and the running time differences between the ACA-LSSVR and standard SVR models are 56.1%, 36%%, 30.8%, 0.9% and 1.5651 s respectively. It is clear that ACA optimization is better than the trial-and-error method to get the LSSVR parameters. The relative RMSE, MSRE, MAE, R² and the running time differences between the ACA-LSSVR and BPNN models are 67.9%, 60%, 50.8%, 4.7% and 2.3464 s respectively. It is obvious that ACA-LSSVR is more accurate than BPNN. The prediction model has low computational complexity, fast convergence rate, high forecast accuracy and generalization ability. It can meet the actual demand for the dissolved oxygen controlling in the high density eriocheir sinensis culture and provide a reference for other areas of water quality predictions.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Least squares approximations
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Aquaculture - Forecasting - Heuristic algorithms - Lakes - Mathematical models - Models - Neural networks - Optimization - Quadratic programming  - Regression analysis - Vectors - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Ant colony algorithms - Ant colony optimization methods - BP neural networks - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Dissolved oxygen contents - Experimental conditions - Fast convergence rate - Forecast accuracy - Generalization ability - Heuristic search  - High density - High dimensional spaces - Hyper-parameter - Impact factor - Intensive aquacultures - Jiangsu province - Kernel function - Least squares support vector regression - Linear least squares - Loss functions  - Low computational complexity - Model convergence - Non-linear relationships - Nonlinear prediction model - Parameter calibration - Parameter selection - Prediction accuracy - Prediction model - Quadratic programming method - Quality prediction  - RBF kernel function - Regression model - Running time - Support vector regression machines - Support vector regression models - Training speed - Trial-and-error method
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 723.1 Computer Programming
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20130315914950
Title:Dynamic of exposed bare soils and its impact on local thermal environment
Authors:Xu, Hanqiu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Institute of Remote Sensing Information Engineering, Fuzhou 350108, China
Corresponding author:Xu, H.(hxu@fzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:98-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Large area exposure of bare soils caused by soil erosion has serious impact on the regional ecological environment, such as the rise of land surface temperature. As a typical reddish soil erosion region in southern China, the hilly areas in Changting county of Fujian province have been called flame hill areas, due to extensively exposed reddish soils and resultant hot weather in the areas. This study utilizes remote sensing technique to investigate dynamic of bare-soil exposure intensity and accompanied soil heat flux and land surface temperature (LST) changes during the period from 1988 to 2010 in main soil loss areas of the county. Results show that owing to the 22 yeas of treatment of soil loss, the bare-soil exposure intensity in the main soil loss areas has declined by 20.26%, the area of high exposure intensity has decreased by 81.95%, and the soil heat flux has reduced by 33.28%. All of these have contributed to the decrease in LST differences between exposed and vegetated areas by 20.8% during the study period. This indicates an improvement of thermal environment in the areas once severely exposed. Regression analysis suggests that each 10% decrement of bare-soil exposure intensity would reduce LST difference by 0.72-0.94&deg;C.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Erosion - Heat flux - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Bare soils - Changting - Ecological environments - Exposure intensity - Fujian Province - High exposures - Hilly areas - Hot weather - Land surface temperature - Large-area exposure  - Remote sensing techniques - Soil erosion - Soil heat flux - Soil loss - Southern China - Thermal environment
Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.23.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.