<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20125115818497
Title:Localization method of wireless sensor network for greenhouse based on genetic BP algorithm
Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Liu, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Vehicle and Motive Power Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
Corresponding author:Liu, G.(pac@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:156-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To meet the need of greenhouse mobile node location, a kind of greenhouse wireless sensor network localization method based on genetic BP (back propagation) algorithm was presented. The approach mainly included three stages: path loss index determination, localization model training and unknown nodes positioning. First of all, during the process of anchor nodes communication, path loss parameters could be determined by using minimum mean square error estimation method after applying the gauss correction model to enhance positioning information accuracy; Then, a mapping relationship model between the unknown node coordinate and the distance vector from unknown node to anchor nodes was established by using genetic BP algorithm; Finally, the received RSSI value from each anchor node to unknown node could be converted into distance vector, and then entered localization model to estimate the unknown node position. The experiment result showed that the greenhouse wireless sensor network localization method was fully considering the effect of environment on signal transmission model, the localization error rate below 2 m was 24%, the localization error rate below 3.5 m was 86% and the relative localization error was less than 4.8%. The method has high ability of stability and precision, and meets the practical need of greenhouse environment localization.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Backpropagation algorithms - Genetic algorithms - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Location - Sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Anchor nodes - BP (back propagation) algorithm - BP algorithm - BP networks - Correction models - Distance vector - Greenhouse environment - Index determination - Localization errors - Localization method  - Localization models - Mapping relationships - Minimum mean square error estimations - Mobile nodes - Node coordinates - Path loss - Positioning information - Relative localization - Signal transmission - Wireless sensor
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 732 Control Devices - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 451 Air Pollution - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20125115818495
Title:Segmentation of cucumber disease leaf image based on MDMP-LSM
Authors:Jiang, Haiyang (1); Zhang, Jian (2); Yuan, Yuan (2); He, Miantao (1); Zheng, Shouguo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (2) Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.(jzhang@iim.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:142-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is a crucial problem for crop disease diagnosing to effectively extract disease spots from crop pictures with complex background. To solve this problem, a new multiple domain multiple phase level set method is proposed. First, the spatial distribution characteristic that the disease spots to be segmented are statistically located in inner parts of crop leaves is adopted to build a multiple phase level set model with inner ordering. Then, to enhance segmentation effectivity for complex background cases, we adopt multiple spatial domains to the model for the first time so that inner and outer level set functions will evolve in different spatial domains. Experimental results show that this method can well extract disease spots for complex background cases with an accuracy rate of 93.3% and will be a good base for diagnoses.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Diagnosis
Controlled terms:Crops - Diseases - Drop breakup - Image segmentation - Level measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy rate - Complex background - Crop disease - Crop leaves - Cucumber disease - Distribution characteristics - Leaf images - Level set functions - Level Set method - Multiple domains  - Phase levels - Spatial domains
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20125115818483
Title:Mechanical properties of litchi stem for harvesting robots
Authors:Chen, Yan (1); Cai, Weiliang (1); Xiang, Heping (1); Zou, Xiangjun (1); Tan, Jianhao (1); Lin, Guichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Y.(cy123@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:53-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To provide a basis for the design and control in litchi harvesting robot clamping and cutting device, effect factors test of cutting and clamping properties and bending test were carried out. The results showed that: the peak cutting force and cutting intensity decreased with the increasing of cutting speed and decreasing of cutting degree; the peak cutting force and cutting intensity with concave and convex blades were smaller than that with flat blade; It is easy to see that, except the diameter of stem, the factors significant on peak cutting force and cutting intensity were followed by cutting angle, edge forms and cutting speed; When the cutting angle reduced one degree, the peak cutting force and cutting intensity would reduce 4.45 N and 0.16 MPa; Compared with the flat blade, the convex edge were reduced 166.90 N and 2.11 MPa in peak cutting force and cutting intensity while the concave edge were reduced 167.39 N and 4.21 MPa. The friction between litchi stem and gripping material would increase with the addition of clamping force. When the gripping material was rubber, the friction reached maximum. And the clamping force effect was greater than the clamping material; In the test range, the maximum friction can reach to 44.54 N. The litchi stem has strong anti-deformation ability, and its average elastic modulus was 867.15 MPa; in the test range, the average of the maximum bending force was 118.95 N while its bending strength was 56.03 MPa. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the optimized design and control in litchi harvesting robots clamping and cutting device.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Cutting
Controlled terms:Bending (deformation) - Clamping devices - Experiments - Friction - Harvesting - Machine design - Mechanical properties - Robots - Tribology
Uncontrolled terms:Bending force - Clamping Force - Clamping properties - Cutting angles - Cutting forces - Cutting intensity - Cutting speed - Design and control - Effect factors - Harvesting robot  - Litchi stems - Optimized designs - Test range - Theoretical basis
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 731.5 Robotics - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 601 Mechanical Design - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20125115818484
Title:Experiment on tensile and shearing characteristics of rind of corn stalk
Authors:Chen, Zhengguang (1); Wang, Defu (1); Li, Liqiao (1); Shan, Ruixia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) College of Information Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
Corresponding author:Wang, D.(dfwang640203@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:59-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To design and optimize the parameters of separation equipment for rind, pith and leaf of corn stalk, tensile and shearing characteristics of rind of corn stalk were studied via quadratic orthogonal rotatory combination design in this paper. General effects of moisture content, sampling height and shearing speed on the tensile/shear strength of rind of corn stalk were studied by experiments. The results of data analysis reveal that when the moisture content is about 30%, the tensile strength of rind of corn stalk at the bottom part close to the soil reaches the maximum value of 67.2 MPa. Within the two model factors, the impact of sampling height on the tensile strength is significant. Among the three factors, the shearing speed and moisture content are significant factors on the shear strength of rind of corn stalk, while the sampling height is not significant.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Shearing
Controlled terms:Experiments - Moisture determination - Shear strength - Tensile strength
Uncontrolled terms:Combination design - Corn stalk - Model factors - Sampling heights - Separation equipment
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 901.3 Engineering Research - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20125115818496
Title:Detecting early embryo development of chicken hatching eggs by hyperspectral transmittance imaging
Authors:Zhang, Wei (1); Pan, Leiqing (1); Tu, Kang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Tu, K.(kangtu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:149-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to detect chicken hatching egg incubation during the early period, a laboratory hyperspectral imaging system was setup to capture hyperspectral transmission images of 90 hatching eggs on the first three days at the spectral region of 400~1000 nm. Dimension reduction was implemented on hyperspectral data based on Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and 5 characteristic bands with 571, 614, 661, 691 and 716 nm. Next, spectral average and standard deviation were extracted from each band, thus 10 characteristic variables in total for 5 characteristic bands were acquired. To remove the correlation between variables, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on 10 characteristic variables, and 4 principal component variables were extracted as the input of the discrimination model constructed by Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) artificial neural network. Verification experiments showed that discrimination model had good stability (cv 1.7) and achieved prediction accuracies of 78.8% on 1^st day, 90.3% on 2^nd day and 98.6% on 3^rd day. This research demonstrates that the hyperspectral imaging technique is feasible for detecting hatching eggs incubation during the early hatching period.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Animals - Detectors - Imaging techniques - Independent component analysis - Neural networks - Spectrometry - Spectroscopy - Vector quantization
Uncontrolled terms:Dimension reduction - Discrimination model - Embryo development - Good stability - Hatching egg - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral Data - Hyperspectral Imaging - Hyperspectral imaging systems - Incubation  - Independent components - Learning Vector Quantization - Prediction accuracy - Principal Components - Spectral region - Standard deviation - Transmission images
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 914 Safety Engineering - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 801 Chemistry - 746 Imaging Techniques - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20125115818513
Title:Optimization of processing nutrient powder from blanching liquid of stropharia rugoso-annulata with spray drying technology
Authors:Chen, Junchen (1); Zhou, Xuehua (1); Lai, Pufu (1); Li, Yibin (1); Shen, Hengsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Product Processing Research Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China; (2) Research Institute of Agri-Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
Corresponding author:Chen, J.(junchencc@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:272-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to make an effective use of blanching liquid nutrients, the technology of spray drying for Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farlow was studied. With response surface analytic method, the hot air temperature, atomization pressure and total solid content were investigated in central composite design to optimize spray drying parameters. Results showed that the maximized drying efficiency obtained with processing parameters of hot air temperature 172&deg;C, atomization pressure 92 MPa and total solid content 15%, respectively, in addition to &beta;-CD adding amount 15%, injective flow 10 mL/min and feeding temperature 70&deg;C. Under these conditions, the spray dried powder yield efficiency was 60.26%, antioxidant retention rate was 83.92%, moisture content was 3.2% and powder dissolving time was 65 s. The results can provide practical information for the utilization of Stropharia rugoso-annulata blanching liquid in nutraceutical sources.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Liquids
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Atomization - Blanching - Nutrients - Optimization - Spray drying
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic method - Atomization pressure - Central composite designs - Drying efficiency - Drying parameters - Hot air temperature - Nutraceuticals - Processing parameters - Response surface - Retention rate  - Spray drying technology - Spray-dried powders - Stropharia rugoso-annulata - Total solid content
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20125115818506
Title:Detection of potato external defects based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors:Zhou, Zhu (1); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Tao, Hailong (1); Gao, Hailong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
Corresponding author:Li, X.(lixiaoyu@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:221-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize accurate and fast classification of potato, a novel detection method for potato external defects was proposed based on hyperspectral imaging technology. Potatoes with dry rot, normal and other six kinds of common defects were studied. First, region of interests spectral features of various defected areas were analyzed and principal component analysis method (PCA) was used to determined five characteristic bands (480, 676, 750, 800 and 960 nm). Next, PCA was performed again based on characteristic bands and the second principal component was used to classify defects of potatoes, the overall classification success rate was only 61.52%. In order to improve classification success rate, band ratio algorithm and the symmetrical second difference algorithm were combined to detect external defects of potatoes. Finally, the overall classification success rate was increased to 95.65%. It is concluded that hyperspectral imaging technology can be used to effectively detect common external defects of potato.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Defects - Image processing - Imaging techniques - Nondestructive examination - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Band ratios - Detection methods - Difference algorithms - Dry rot - Fast classification - Hyperspectral Imaging - Potato - Principal component analysis method - Principal Components - Region of interest  - Spectral feature
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 801 Chemistry - 746 Imaging Techniques - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20125115818504
Title:Distribution of nitrogen in liquid and solid fraction of pig and dairy manure in anaerobic digestion reactor
Authors:Jin, Hongmei (1); Fu, Guangqing (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1); Ye, Xiaomei (1); Chen, Guangyin (1); Du, Jing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Z.(czhizhou@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:208-214
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is important to understand the forms and distribution characteristics of nitrogen during the anaerobic digestion of animal manure slurry, which would provide theoretical principle and precondition for the treatment and utilization of digested slurry and solid residue. The objective of the study was to analyze the distribution of nitrogen in liquid and solid fraction in digested pig and dairy manure using the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at condition of medium temperature (37&plusmn;2)&deg;C. Results showed that the nitrogen loss rates were 12.2% and 11.5% in bioreactors digested with pig and dairy manure slurries, respectively. The percentages of nitrogen content in total solid fraction of digested pig manure and dairy slurries and residues remained in reactors were 61.9% and 72.7%, respectively at the end of experiment. The nitrogen content in liquid fraction of digested pig manure increased by 10.7% and decreased by 28.0% in solid fraction. However, the nitrogen content in liquid fraction of digested pig manure decreased by 8.7% and only increased by 2.8% in solid fraction. The increase rate of NH<inf>4</inf>-N reached to 162.2% and 90.0%, respectively after the digestion of pig and dairy manure, which were 43.3% and 30.5% of total nitrogen. The NO<inf>3</inf>^--N content was decreased by about 50.0% and 45.2%, respectively after the digestion of pig and dairy manure, which were less than 1% of total nitrogen. The dry weight in solid residue of pig manure was significantly higher than that in dairy manure, so regular residue handling was needed during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure compared to dairy manure.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Anaerobic digestion - Fertilizers - Liquids - Mammals - Nitrogen - Slurries
Uncontrolled terms:Animal manure - Continuous stirred tank reactor - Dairy manures - Dairy slurry - Distribution characteristics - Dry weight - Liquid fraction - Medium temperature - N content - Nitrogen content  - Nitrogen loss - Pig manures - Solid fraction - Solid residues - Total nitrogen - Total solids
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20125115818509
Title:Equipment and application for ozone degradation of aflatoxins in contaminated peanuts
Authors:Shan, Changpo (1); Diao, Enjie (1); Wang, Yuxiao (1); Dong, Haizhou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
Corresponding author:Dong, H.(haizhoudong@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:243-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to effectively degrade aflatoxins in peanuts, an equipment for detoxifying aflatoxins by ozone was designed. The effects of ozone treatment time and relative humidity on detoxification of aflatoxins in artificially contaminated peanuts were studied by using the designed equipment. The results showed that aflatoxins in peanuts could be degraded effectively by ozone, and exposure time and relative humidity of ozone could influence their degradation efficiency obviously (P&lt;0.05). The better conditions for degrading aflatoxins in peanuts were that the relative humidity of ozone was 50% and the exposure time was 30 minutes at the ozone concentration 89 mg/L, flow rate of ozone 1 L/min, and stirring speed 70 r/min. Under the conditions, the contents of aflatoxin B<inf>1</inf>, B<inf>2</inf>, G<inf>1</inf> and G<inf>2</inf> in peanuts were decomposed from 87.53, 21.99, 9.71 and 4.38 &mu;g/kg to 15.23, 8.31, 2.81 and 2.11 &mu;g/kg, respectively, and their degradation rates were 82.6%, 62.2%, 71.1% and 51.8%, respectively. The results provide technical references for peanut storage and processing enterprises to reduce aflatoxins in peanuts, and ensure the safety of peanuts to eat.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Ozone
Controlled terms:Aflatoxins - Degradation - Detoxification - Equipment
Uncontrolled terms:Aflatoxin B - Degradation efficiency - Degradation rate - Exposure-time - Ozone concentration - Ozone degradation - Ozone treatment - Stirring speed
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901 Engineering Profession
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20125115818493
Title:Detection of foreign materials on surface of ginned cotton by hyper-spectral imaging
Authors:Guo, Junxian (1); Ying, Yibin (1); Li, Junwei (2); Rao, Xiuqin (1); Kang, Yinxia (2); Shi, Zhai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (2) Mechanical and Traffic College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Corresponding author:Rao, X.(xqrao@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:126-134
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Different types of trash in ginned cotton lint seriously affect the grade of textile materials and the quality of the final woven product. In this work, hyper-spectral imaging operated in reflectance mode in a spectral region from 422 to 982 nm was studied to detect light color, white, colorless and fine foreign materials on the surface of the ginned cotton. The foreign materials include gray, white and transparent polypropylene fiber, black human hair, black and white pig hair, black and transparent PE mulching film. Traditional methods of dimension reduction of hyper-spectral image were applied to obtain the potential images. Image enhancement of medial filter and edge detection based on Sobel operator were initially selected for segmentation of the potential images. Subsequently, 'dilation' and 'erosion' morphological operation were carried out to separate the targets from the background. An area filter was finally used to remove noise and small components of suspected non-target in binary images. The overall recognition accuracies for all foreign materials in the training and independent test sets were up to 73.2% and 75.3%, respectively. More than 93% of recognition rate for gray polypropylene fiber and black hairs were achieved. No fewer than 80% of white polypropylene fibers were accurately segmented. Although the recognition rate for transparent polypropylene fibers, transparent PE mulching film, and white pig hair were relatively low, our work starts a new attempt to detect these foreign materials of ginned cotton. The study has shown that the hyper-spectral imaging system can provide more subtle spatial and spectral information for segmentation and recognition of some foreign materials of ginned cotton, like white polypropylene fibers.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Polypropylenes
Controlled terms:Cotton - Edge detection - Error detection - Fibers - Image segmentation - Mathematical morphology - Plastic products - Spectroscopy - Thermoplastics - Weaving
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton lints - Dimension reduction - Foreign materials - Human hair - Hyper-spectral images - Hyperspectral Imaging - Light color - Morphological operations - Polypropylene fiber - Recognition accuracy  - Recognition rates - REmove noise - Small components - Sobel operator - Spectral information - Spectral region - Test sets - Textile materials - Woven products
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 801 Chemistry - 741.1 Light/Optics - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20125115818511
Title:Optimization on drum drying processing technology of sweet corn powder
Authors:Li, Chunmei (1); Chi, Yujie (2); Wang, Dan (1); Zhang, Wei (1); Fang, Jingquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Heilongjiang Dairy Industry Technical Development Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150086, China; (2) Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Chi, Y.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:256-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the problems of imbibition and poor sensory state of the sweet corn flour by the drum drying from enzymolysis sweet corn, the processing technology of modified sweet corn powder made by sweet corn pulp was studied. Based on water injectivity index and sensory evaluation, the waxy maize starch was used as cross-linking agent with optimal dosage of 25%. According to gelatinization degree and effect of drum drying, the optimum gelatinization temperature was 85&deg;C and the gelatinization time was 30 min. On the basis of the results of single factor experiment, response surface experiment of three factors and three levels was designed. Concentration of modified sweet corn pulp, steam pressure, rotate speed of the drum were investigated, and taking water absorption index and sensory evaluation as indexes, a regression equation was derived from the data obtained and the results were analyzed by statistic methods. The optimum drum drying conditions were as following: concentration of modified sweet corn syrup was 17%; steam pressure was 0.5 MPa; rotate speed of the drum was 2.5 r/min. Under these conditions, sensory score of drum drying product was 8.75, water absorption index was 5.3. Verification tests showed that all values were within 95% confidence limits. The results are in conformity with the anticipation, which can provide a guidance for industrialized production of sweet corn flour for infants.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Crosslinking - Experiments - Gelation - Optimization - Processing - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Confidence limit - Cross linking agents - Drying condition - Drying products - Enzymolysis - Gelatinization temperature - Industrialized production - Injectivity index - Optimal dosage - Processing technologies  - Regression equation - Response surface - Rotate speed - Sensory evaluation - Sensory scores - Sensory state - Statistic method - Steam pressures - Sweet corns - Verification tests  - Water absorption index - Waxy maize starch
Classification code:453.2 Water Pollution Control - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.4 Manufacturing - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20125115818480
Title:Effects of impeller cutting methods on performance of middle specific speed centrifugal pump
Authors:Yu, Xiaoming (1); Gu, Boqin (1); Shao, Chunlei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Process Enhancement and New Energy Equipment Technology, Nanjing 211816, China
Corresponding author:Gu, B.(bqgu@njut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:29-36
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For researching the influence of impeller and blade two cutting methods at different cutting angles on the external characteristics of centrifugal pump, the flow in middle specific speed pump was simulated by using FLUENT software after impeller cut, and the external characteristics were also predicted. The existing cutting formulas were revised considering the influence of cutting angle, cutting value and specific speed. The predicted external characteristics show that the head reducing quantity after cutting impeller is significantly greater than that after cutting blade in the same cutting value. When the cutting angle is in the range of 0&deg; to 10&deg;, the efficiency in the forward skew cut is higher than that in the straight cut and the backward skew cut. The shaft power in the impeller cut is obviously lower than that in blade cut. When the cutting angle is in the range of -10&deg; to 10&deg;, the shaft power in the skew cut is lower than that in the straight cut. The results of the inner flow analysis indicate that in the same cutting value the forward skew cut significantly weakens the vortex phenomenon in the straight cut with the increase of the cutting angle. No matter the straight cut or the skew cut is conducted, the effect of blade cut is better than that of impeller cut in the same cutting value. The research results can provide reference for the impeller cut of middle specific speed centrifugal pump.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Impellers
Controlled terms:Centrifugal pumps - Computer simulation - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Blade cut - Cutting angles - Cutting blades - External characteristic - FLUENT - FLUENT software - Inner flow - Research results - Shaft power - Specific speed
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 723.5 Computer Applications - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20125115818479
Title:Analysis and test of forward film removing mechanism for polythene film collector
Authors:Li, Bin (1); Wang, Jikui (1); Hu, Kai (1); Jiang, Bei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(shzwjk@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:23-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Film removing is one essential important link in waste plastics film collecting, but the existing removing devices are less reliability or could not clean film up ideally. For the problem, according to SMS-1500 type waste plastics film collector, this paper proposed a new type forward film removing device based on cleaning leaf. Through the analysis on removing mechanism of the device, employing central composite design method, the quadratic regression model between film removing ratio and leaf speed, leaf length, leaf shape was built. The optimal structure parameter of forward removing device was obtained by response surface analysis. Field test indicated that film removing ratio reached 96.3% which proved the feasibility of the device and underlied the following research of related device.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Polyethylenes
Controlled terms:Elastomers - Models - Optimization - Regression analysis - Structural optimization - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis - Central composite designs - Field test - Forward film removing device - Leaf length - Leaf shape - Optimal structures - Polythene film - Quadratic regression - Response surface analysis  - Test - Waste plastic
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 818.2 Elastomers - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20125115818489
Title:Method of determining locations of branch pipe on slope with paired capillaries in micro-irrigation system
Authors:Zhang, Guoxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Hongke Water Saving Equipment Manufacture Co-Operative Limited Company, Urumqi 830000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, G.(zhguox928@sina.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:98-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Arrangement mode that both sides of the branch pipe of micro-irrigation system with paired capillaries has advantages of investment-saving, energy-saving and high quality of irrigation. Based on hydraulics with limited holes in capillary, methods of determining locations of branch pipe on slope with paired capillaries was discussed: four cases in calculations; the corresponding analytical formula; trial calculation of formula on reasonable holes; length of entrance region; improved formula of enlargement coefficient of total loss in entrance region of capillaries. The basic principle of determining locations of branch pipe or length of capillaries is the equality of entrance water head in paired capillaries on the basis of average discharge of emitters in paired capillaries equaling design discharge. Two steps should be followed: 1) choosing the proper algorithm and determining holes by trial calculation; 2) calculating water head of the first hole in upper reaches of paired capillaries and the corresponding length of entrance region. If two water head of the first hole are approximately equal, the corresponding entrance region could be considered as the same length. Numerical examples shows methods proposed in this paper can be applied in micro-irrigation system design and have references in main pipe arrangement of spray irrigation.
Number of references:5
Main heading:Pipe
Controlled terms:Capillarity - Hydraulics - Investments - Irrigation
Uncontrolled terms:Branch pipes - Capillaries - Flow - Microirrigation systems - Uniform slope
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 911.2 Industrial Economics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20125115818481
Title:Fault diagnosis of diesel engine based on energy and time frequency domain characteristics of vibration signals IMF
Authors:Li, Mintong (1); Yang, Qing (1); Song, Meng (1); Yang, Fuzeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Q.(yangtin@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:37-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is a more convenient way to use vibration signals for the fault diagnosis of diesel engine since such signals contain a lot of useful information which can reflect the status of the diesel engine. In view of the non-stationary characteristics of the vibration signals, the empirical mode decomposition was used to decompose the signals obtained, the three main IMFs of signals were selected approximately to replace the original signals, and their energy percentage, gravity frequency, center of gravity amplitude, skewness and kurtosis were used as the feature vector of the status of the diesel engine. Based on support vector machines, the diesel engine fault diagnosis was conducted applying vectors obtained in the method presented in this paper. Diagnostic accuracy rate reached above 92%, which verified the feasibility of the method. The research can provide a reference for other mechanical equipment fault diagnosis.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Failure analysis - Feature extraction - Higher order statistics - Image retrieval - Signal processing - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Center of gravity - Diagnostic accuracy - Diesel engine fault diagnosis - Empirical Mode Decomposition - Feature vectors - Gravity frequencies - Mechanical equipment fault - Nonstationary - Original signal - Time-frequency domain characteristics  - Vibration signal
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20125115818502
Title:Hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol as lignin model compound for alkanes preparation with palladium-carbon catalysts
Authors:Tan, Xuesong (1); Zhuang, Xinshu (1); L&#252;, Shuangliang (1); Qi, Wei (1); Yu, Qiang (1); Wang, Qiong (1); Yuan, Zhenhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Z.(yuanzh@ms.giec.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:193-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As a model reaction for catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to produce hydrocarbon fuels, the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol was studied over Pd, Pt, Ru and Rh catalysts on carbon. Pd/C was found to be effective for the formation of alkanes including cyclohexane and methyl cyclopentane, the yield of which was over 78% (at temperature 225&deg;C, 0.5% mass fraction of H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>, H<inf>2</inf> pressure 5 MPa, 1 h). Moreover, the serial reaction model of guaiacol conversion was proposed and the kinetics equations were also established. Based on the kinetic experiments, the reaction rate constants and apparent activation energies of each reaction steps in guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation were obtained. The apparent activation energies were 60.1 kJ/mol for partial hydrodeoxygenation to phenols and 73.6 kJ/mol for the following exhaustive hydrodeoxygenation to alkanes. The kinetic models and some general rules on the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol can provide important basic data for efficient utilization of lignin.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Alcohols
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Carbon - Catalysts - Kinetic theory - Kinetics - Lignin - Models - Paraffins - Phenols - Platinum  - Rate constants - Rhodium
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent activation energy - Guaiacol - Hydrocarbon fuel - Hydrodeoxygenation - Kinetic experiment - Kinetic models - Kinetics equation - Lignin model compound - Mass fraction - Model reactions  - Reaction model - Reaction steps - Rh catalysts
Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 547.1 Precious Metals
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20125115818514
Title:Optimizing of ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction process of L-carnitine from bovine liver
Authors:Sun, Na (1); Yu, Qunli (1); Cao, Hui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (2) Limited Liability Company of Qin Bao Animal Husbandry in Shanxi Province, Baoji 721000, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Q.(Yuqunli@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:280-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The effects of ultrasonication on L-carnitine extraction were studied, and the technological parameters were optimized. Bovine livers were treated by perchloric acid method assisted with ultrasonic to extract L-carnitine. Based on the single factor tests for ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and solid-liquid ratio, a three-variable quadratic general rotary unitized experimental design was applied to optimize the parameters for ultrasonic extraction of L-carnitine. The results indicated that the influencing factors were ultrasonic power, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasonic time in order. The optimum extraction parameters are as follows: ultrasonic power 437 W, ultrasonic time 15 min and solid-liquid ratio 1:5 g/mL. Under these conditions, the L-carnitine yield was 38.37 mg/kg. The study show that ultrasonic technology in the extraction process is applicable for L-carnitine preparation.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Ultrasonics
Controlled terms:Extraction - Inorganic acids - Mammals - Optimization - Ultrasonic waves
Uncontrolled terms:Bovine liver - Extraction process - L-carnitine - Perchloric acids - Solid-liquid ratio - Technological parameters - Ultra-sonication - Ultrasonic extraction - Ultrasonic power - Ultrasonic technology
Classification code:753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20125115818499
Title:Design of three-segment SVPWM algorithm for multilevel inverter
Authors:Zheng, Hong (1); Kuang, Wenming (1); Zhao, Wei (1); Sun, Yukun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Kuang, W.(ybhyygy@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:170-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A novel optimal switching systems algorithm, referred to as 3-segment space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), was developed to solve the problem that the traditional 7-segment SVPWM is limited largely in high-level electric inverters application. The optimal algorithm adopts a novel triangular dividing method and 60&deg; coordinate system. The cause and minimization principle of additional switching were analyzed. The design steps of 3-segment switching sequence were given detailedly with some examples. In contrast to that of 7-segment SVPWM, the switching sequence design of the proposed 3-segment SVPWM is more flexible, and it could minimize the switching frequency, decreasing switching loss. The proposed modulation strategy was simulated on a 5-level cascaded H-bridge inverter. Simulation results verified its validity and superiority.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pulse width modulation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Bridge circuits - Design - Electric inverters - Modulation - Optimization - Switching frequency - Switching systems
Uncontrolled terms:5-level - Cascaded H-bridge inverters - Co-ordinate system - Design steps - Modulation strategy - Multilevel inverter - Optimal algorithm - Optimal switching - Space vector pulse width modulation - Switching loss  - Switching sequence
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 704.2 Electric Equipment - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 703.1 Electric Networks - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20125115818486
Title:Comparative study on thermal properties of intact and repacked soil samples
Authors:Di, Jiaying (1); Liu, Xiaona (2); Ren, Tusheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) College of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China
Corresponding author:Ren, T.(tsren@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:74-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soil thermal properties are essential for studying energy transport in the Soil-Plant- Atmosphere-Continuum. Many laboratory studies have been conducted to investigate the influences of water content, texture, temperature and bulk density on soil thermal properties using repacked soil columns. There are few reports about soil structure effects on thermal properties of intact soil samples. The objective of this study is to examine the influences of soil structure on thermal properties at different water content ranges by comparing thermal properties of intact and repacked soil samples for sandy loam soil and loam soil. Intact soil samples were collected from field and volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity were measured with the heat pulse technique. Subsequently the intact samples were air-dried, crushed, sieved through a 2 mm screen, and repacked into the same cores with identical water content and bulk density. Thermal properties of the repacked samples were then measured following the same procedure. Finally soil water content and bulk density were determined using the gravimetric method. Similar heat capacity values were obtained for repacked and intact soils. For the repacked samples, thermal conductivity of the sandy loam and loam was 9.7% and 9.8%, lower than that of their intact counterparts at intermediate water contents (0.07-0.24 m³/m³ for sandy loam, 0.15-0.31 m³/m³ for loam). Soil thermal diffusivity was increased by the formation of soil structure at intermediate water contents. At the water content near saturation, the intact and repacked samples had similar thermal diffusivity values. In summary, soil structure formation does not significantly affect heat capacity, but increases thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, especially at intermediate water contents.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Thermal conductivity
Controlled terms:Moisture - Soil conditioners - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Soils - Specific heat - Textures - Thermal diffusivity - Thermodynamic properties - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Bulk density - Capacity value - Comparative studies - Energy transport - Gravimetric methods - Heat pulse - Laboratory studies - Loam soils - Sandy loam soils - Sandy loams  - Soil column - Soil sample - Soil structure - Soil thermal diffusivity - Soil thermal properties - Soil water content - Volumetric heat capacity
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 616 Heat Exchangers - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20125115818487
Title:Single point infiltration characteristics for different opening ways of irrigator of deep pit irrigation
Authors:Zhang, Jianfeng (1); Yang, Xiao (2); Tie, Xining (1); Wu, Shuying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Xi'an University of Technology, The Faculty of Water Resources and Hydraulic Power, Northwest Water Resource and Ecological Environment Key Laboratory, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Shaanxi Water Engineering Reconnaissance Design Research Institute, Xi'an 710003, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.(jfzhang@mail.xaut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:80-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different opening ways of irrigator of deep pit irrigation on the wetting body, designing three kinds of irrigators which are bottom opening, side opening, the bottom and sides at the same time opening, the indoor mechanism experiments about infiltration characteristics under the sandy loam soil condition were done. The results showed that: the opening ways of irrigator has great impact for the cumulative infiltration, wetting front migration distance of three spatial and soil moisture. The power function was used to fit the relationship between the migration distance for every direction of the wetting front and time. On the basis of analyzing the shape of wetting body for three kinds of irrigators, the wetting body volume calculation model was built, and the accuracy of the model was verified. It is concluded that in the actual application process, the irrigator of side opening is suit for shallow root distribution crops, and the irrigator of bottom opening is suit for deeper root distribution crops.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Crops - Irrigation - Soil moisture - Soils - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Application process - Deep pit - Infiltration characteristic - Migration distance - Opening ways - Power functions - Root distribution - Sandy loam soils - Single point - Volume calculation  - Wetting fronts
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20125115818490
Title:Prediction of slope erosion in quaternary red soil region of northern Jiangxi province under future climate change scenarios
Authors:Ma, Liang (1); Zuo, Changqing (2); Qiu, Guoyu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment of Shandong Province, Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China; (2) Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044, China; (3) School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School of Beijing University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Corresponding author:Ma, L.(maleung@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:105-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Predictions of slope erosion from 2012-2099 were made in typical case of quaternary red soil region using the downscaled future precipitation from 17 global climate models (GCMs) under SRES B1, A1B and A2 emission scenarios in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) and the physically based model WEPP. The model was calibrated and validated with the satisfied results by the observed data. The ensemble method was applied in the erosion prediction, and the probabilities of changes of rainfall amount, surface runoff and erosion in different of scenarios and GCMs were tested and analyzed. The prediction results from different GCMs were remarkable divergence. Compared with the current situation, the virtually certain increasing precipitation will very likely increase surface runoff and will likely increase erosion in the future. Furthermore, three time series of annual rainfall amount, runoff and erosion modulus have the rise tendency until the end of this century. The averages of soil erosion modulus of the predictive period under all three scenarios are obviously higher than that of the present. And SRES A2 scenario which represents the highest concentrations of greenhouse gases has a biggest increment among the three scenarios. Slope erosion in quaternary red soil region of Northern Jiangxi province will reach the peak in the late period of this century with a continuous increasing tendency.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Climate change - Forecasting - Geologic models - Greenhouse gases - Rain - Runoff - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Annual rainfall - Current situation - Emission scenario - Ensemble methods - Erosion predictions - Future climate - Global climate model - Intergovernmental panel on climate changes - Jiangxi Province - Observed data  - Physically based models - Red soils - Slope erosion - Soil erosion - Surface runoffs
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 921 Mathematics - 451 Air Pollution - 443.3 Precipitation - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20125115818512
Title:Combined drying technology of black edamame using microwave and explosion puffing
Authors:Li, Dajing (1); Liu, Xia (1); Jiang, Ning (1); Liu, Chunquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (2) College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (3) Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Processing, National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center in East China, Nanjing 210014, China
Corresponding author:Liu, C.(liuchunquan2009@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:265-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Microwave and explosion puffing combination drying were used to improve quality of black edamame puffed product. Microwave drying characteristics of black edamame at different microwave power per unit mass were studied. The effects of the water content rate at transformation point, pressure difference, puffing temperature, dwell time and vacuum drying time on the water content, hardness, brittleness and color of puffed product were investigated. The results showed that when microwave power per unit mass were 5 W/g, the high drying rate and relative short drying time were obtained. The water content rate at transformation point, puffing temperature and vacuum drying time had significant effects on the quality indexes of puffed product, while pressure difference and dwell time had little effects. The optimal processing parameters during combination drying were microwave power per unit mass of 5 W/g, the water content rate of 31% at transformation point, pressure difference of 0.124 MPa, puffing temperature of 100&deg;C, dwell time of 10 min and vacuum drying time of 90 min. The results can provide references for industrialized production of black edamame drying.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Fracture mechanics - Microwave generation - Microwave power transmission - Microwaves - Technology - Vacuum
Uncontrolled terms:Black edamame - Combination drying - Drying rates - Drying technology - Drying time - Dwell time - Industrialized production - Microwave drying - Microwave power - Optimal processing  - Per unit - Pressure differences - Quality indices - Vacuum drying
Classification code:901 Engineering Profession - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 642.1 Process Heating - 633 Vacuum Technology - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20125115818476
Title:Spatial-temporal variation of cultivated land and its effects on grain production capacity of northeast grain main production area
Authors:Xu, Shan (1); Song, Ge (1); Li, Dan (1); Wang, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) Villages Development Research Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Song, G.(songgelaoshi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To reveal the effect of spatial-temporal variation of cultivated land on grain production capacity, taking northeast grain main production area Bayan county as study area, land detailed survey database in 1991, land use changes database in 2006 and SPOT5 image in 2009 as the basic information source, and the grain yield per hectare and other statistics as the basic data source were used to analyze in the study. Based on RS and GIS technologies, land comprehensive index evaluation method was used to analyze temporal and spatial variation of the quantity and quality of cultivated land in study area, and its effect on grain production capacity was also studied. The results showed that the quantity of cultivated land in study area increased from 1991 to 2009. The conversion from cultivated land to non-cultivated land mainly occurred in forest land and other land. In 1991-2006, the third grade of cultivated land area were the most increased, the first grade was least increased; For the reduction of cultivated land area, the second grade and the third grade were most reduced, the first grade was least reduced. In 2006-2009, the second grade of cultivated land area were the most for increase, the first grade was least increased; For the reduction of cultivated land area, the third grade was most reduced, the first grade was least reduced. The second grade cultivated land which is located in the northern hills plain agricultural area had the largest effect on grain production capacity, and although the third and fourth grade cultivated land were 50% of the total cultivated land area, grain production capacity was restricted by the natural and soil factors.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Geographic information systems - Grain (agricultural product)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural areas - Cultivated lands - Forest land - Grain production - Grain yield - Information sources - Land-use change - Other statistics - Production area - RS and GIS  - Soil factors - Spatial temporals - Study areas - Temporal and spatial variation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723.3 Database Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20125115818515
Title:Optimization of resin based technology for purification of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Huizao
Authors:Wang, Na (1); Fan, Huiping (1); Sun, Xiaorui (2); Pan, Zhili (1); Shi, Juling (2); Ai, Zhilu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (2) Haoxiangni Jujube Industry Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 451100, China
Corresponding author:Ai, Z.(zhila@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:287-282
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Xinzheng Huizao is rich in kinds of nutrients, especially polysaccharides, which possess many biological effects on human bodies. However, the purification of polysaccharides from jujube after a primarily extraction step is still a difficult technology. In present research, enzyme combined with ultrasonic wave extraction, ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltration membrane filtration were employed to extract and preliminarily purify the polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Xinzheng Huizao. The obtained raw polysaccharides were employed for further purification. Through the investigation of static adsorption and desorption of resins, the most suitable macroporous resin for the purification of jujube polysaccharides was selected and its dynamic adsorption and desorption behavior was studied. Furthermore, response surface experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of multifactor on the adsorption properties of macroporous resin for purification of jujube polysaccharide. The optimum adsorption conditions were 1.5 mL/min of in-flux rate, 2.2 mg/mL of concentration of the feed liquid, 5.6 of pH value. Under this condition, the maximum dynamic adsorption rate of 19.52 mg/g could be obtained in theory. The optimized technical condition for dynamic desorption was obtained with 0.4 mol/L of NaCl, 60% of ethanol, 0.2 mol/L of HCl and 1.5 mL/min of flow rate. Under this condition, maximum dynamic desorption rate of 85.21% was achieved, and the purity of yield polysaccharides was 88.87%. Taken together, the present optimized technology is a highly effective method for the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from jujube, and has a great application and market potential in the medical and health care industries.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Polysaccharides
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Desorption - Ethanol - Health care - Microfiltration - Optimization - Purification - Resins - Sodium chloride - Ultrafiltration
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption properties - Biological effects - Desorption behavior - Desorption rate - Dynamic adsorption - Ethanol precipitation - Healthcare industry - Human bodies - Macroporous resin - Market potential  - Multi-factor - pH value - Response surface - Static adsorption - Technical conditions - Ultra-filtration membranes - Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Xinzheng Huizao
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 523 Liquid Fuels - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20125115818510
Title:Optimization of spray drying technology in processing chicken plasma protein
Authors:Li, Weifeng (1); Wang, Peng (1); Xu, Xinglian (1); Zhou, Guanghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Xu, X.(xlxu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:248-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to utilize chicken plasma protein resources, the technique and optimal parameters for separation and spray drying process of chicken plasma protein was investigated in the paper. First, the effects of centrifugal speed and time on the separation process were studied. Using SD-BASIC spray dryer (Labplant, UK), different inlet air temperatures and feeding rates on the physicochemical properties of chicken plasma protein powder were determined, including yield, moisture content, protein content, nitrogen solution index and the color. The results indicated that centrifugal speed and time have significant influence on the separation of chicken plasma (p&lt;0.05) and the optimal centrifugal operation parameters were that chicken blood was centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 15 min. The spray drying inlet air temperature, feeding rate and the interaction between them had significant influence on quality of chicken plasma protein powder (p&lt;0.05). The yield, moisture content, protein content and nitrogen soluble index of chicken plasma protein powder were 64.289%, 4.514%, 72.644% and 97.295% respectively under the optimal processing parameters of the airflow pressure 0.3 MPa, introduction temperature 25&deg;C, inlet air temperature 150&deg;C and feeding rate 0.167 mL/s, and the qualities of product were good. The results are expected to provide some fundamental data for the industrial production of chicken plasma protein.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Nitrogen plasma
Controlled terms:Animals - Centrifugation - Feeding - Moisture determination - Optimization - Proteins - Spray drying - Thermal load
Uncontrolled terms:Centrifugal time - Chicken plasma - Chicken plasma proteins - Feeding rate - Industrial production - Inlet air temperatures - Operation parameters - Optimal parameter - Optimal processing - Physicochemical property  - Protein contents - Separation process - Spray dryers - Spray drying process - Spray drying technology
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 643.1 Space Heating - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20125115818508
Title:Mass-transfer modeling and simulation of tilapia fillet drying by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors:Liu, Shucheng (1); Zhang, Changsong (1); Zhang, Liang (1); Ji, Hongwu (1); Zhang, Chaohua (1); Hong, Pengzhi (1); Gao, Jialong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Corresponding author:Liu, S.(Lsc771017@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:236-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Supercritical carbon dioxide drying has been previously explored as an alternative to other techniques (e.g. air drying), which can retain the products original (micro) structure. It has been widely used in the production of inorganic and organic aerogels, for which preservation of the porous network during drying is essential to protect function. Drying by supercritical carbon dioxide just begins in the utilization of food processing. In order to probe into the mechanism of tilapia fillet drying by supercritical carbon dioxide, the conservation law of mass based on differential drying beds was used to establish the mass-transfer mathematic model of tilapia fillet drying by supercritical carbon dioxide. The model was simulated by software. It was analyzed that the content (mass fraction) of solute in supercritical carbon dioxide and in tilapia fillet changed with drying time and height of drying chamber. The mass-transfer model of solute in the process of drying by supercritical carbon dioxide was revealed. The results show that convective diffusion of solute was primary and axial diffusion was minor during the drying process of tilapia fillet by supercritical carbon dioxide. The results of numerical simulation with the experiment values were in good agreement (R²=0.97) and the absolute value of the relative deviation was less than 10%, which showed that the mass-transfer mathematic model could well simulate the process of tilapia fillet drying by supercritical carbon dioxide. The results can provide some helpful information for the industrial process control of tilapia fillet drying by supercritical CO<inf>2</inf>.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Computer simulation - Food processing - Mass transfer - Mathematical models - Models - Supercritical fluid extraction
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute values - Air drying - Axial diffusion - Conservation law - Convective diffusion - Drying bed - Drying chambers - Drying process - Drying time - Experiment values  - Industrial process control - Mass fraction - Mass transfer models - Mathematic model - Modeling and simulation - Organic aerogels - Porous networks - Relative deviations - Supercritical carbon dioxides - Supercritical CO  - Tilapia fillet
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 723.5 Computer Applications - 641.3 Mass Transfer
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20125115818500
Title:Simulation of hail effects on crop yield losses for corn-belt states in USA
Authors:Wang, Erda (1); Little, Bertis B. (2); Williams, Jimmy R. (3); Yu, Yang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (2) Tarleton State University, Texas 76402, United States; (3) Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University System, Texas 76502, United States; (4) University of International Economics and Business Department of Finance, Dalian 116023, China
Corresponding author:Wang, E.(edwang@dlut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:177-185
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In this study, a computer simulation model was used for predictive analysis of hail effect on crop yield losses. A pre-existed environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) model was modified by introducing the hail weather module using an embedded stochastic probability function. This study focuses on estimating effects of the three important weather factors (hail, dry and cold) which make the most important contribution to the crop yield losses in U.S. corn-belt states of Iowa, Illinois and Indiana. Data sources, model development, calibration, and validation were described in detail, the model performance was tested, and statistical comparisons of simulated losses of crop yields against observed hail-induced crop yield losses were made. The results showed that the crop yield predictions reach 95% or higher accuracy and hail damage simulation also achieve a reasonable level of reliability (R² was above 0.7). These suggest that using the hail-integrated EPIC model can properly provide a reliable method for hail-related crop yield loss estimation. The model can be utilized to simulate hailstorm events and their damages to various field crops.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Economic analysis - Precipitation (meteorology) - Stochastic models - Storms
Uncontrolled terms:Computer simulation model - Crop yield - Data-sources - Environmental policy integrated climate models - EPIC - EPIC model - Field crops - Hail damage - Illinois - Indiana  - Model development - Model performance - Predictive analysis - Probability functions - Simulation model - Soil types - Statistical comparisons - Weather factors
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922.1 Probability Theory
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20125115818482
Title:Optimization of low-frequency vibration isolation for cab ride comfort of construction machineries
Authors:Sun, Xiaojuan (1); Zhang, Jianrun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.(zhangjr@seu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:44-52
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To improve the ride comfort of construction machineries, a 6-degree-of-freedom model of cab isolation system was established where rubber mounts were modeled as three-dimensional isolators and an optimal design approach to taking into account the control of cab shaking in low frequency range was proposed in this article. The vibration total value of weighted r.m.s acceleration response in the cab mass center, defined as the optimization objective, was calculated under the excitations at principal frequencies in 1/3 octaves from the frequency range 1 to 80 Hz where the human body was sensitive. And the optimization model which defined stiffness values as design variables was developed. Finally, a finite element model of a loader cab isolation system was built for the optimization design example, and the results showed that the vertical response at the center of the seat decreased significantly and the coupling between bouncing and pitching modes became weak. The test results showed that the isolation properties of the cab in three directions were all improved and the proposed optimization model was reasonable.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Three dimensional
Controlled terms:Construction equipment - Finite element method - Mathematical models - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration response - Construction machinery - Design variables - Finite element models - Frequency ranges - Human bodies - Isolation systems - Low frequency range - Low-frequency vibration - Mass centers  - Optimal design - Optimization design - Optimization models - Ride comforts - Stiffness values - Total values - Vertical response - Vibrations
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20125115818505
Title:Geometry modeling reconstruction of agricultural products by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors:Zhang, Jianfeng (1); He, Yong (1); Wang, Nanfei (1); Wu, Di (1); Gong, Xiangyang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (2) Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (3) Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (4) Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
Corresponding author:He, Y.(yhe@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:215-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Modeling and simulation of agricultural products during harvesting, storage, and transportation process are very important issues in agricultural postharvest engineering field. Considering transport phenomena principles involved in the model formulation, a geometry representing the real object is needed to be defined. However, since agricultural products are usually naturally irregular in shape, accurate acquisition of their geometric model becomes essential. In this research, the model reconstruction process which consists of magnetic resonance imaging, image processing and reconstruction method allows obtaining accurate geometric models even for agricultural products with very irregular shapes. Some typical agricultural products with irregular shapes, such as mango, banana and apple, were selected as the experimental samples to reconstruct their geometry models from magnetic resonance imaging data. All NMR data were acquired from a GE whole-body magnetic resonance imaging system with a static magnetic field of 3.0 Tesla. Samples were fixed on a plastic holder and then manually focused to obtain the images. MR images were generated using a fast spin echo sequence with effective echo time of 65 ms, repetition time of 1800 ms, slice thickness of 2 mm, and field of view of 512&times;512 pixels. In order to better acquire the irregular contour curves of each MR image, several image preprocessing steps implemented in MATLAB were applied to all original the MR images, the steps are as follows: (1) gray level transformation of the original gray level images; (2) median filtering for noise reduction and image quality enhancement; (3) segmentation through an adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm; (4) image filling and ensure each image only has a single contour curve. A procedure to obtain geometric models of irregular agricultural products was developed by the computer image graphics technology. The whole model reconstruction process was implemented in Visualization Toolkit 5.4. The contour curves approximating the real boundaries of cross section were correctly assembled by means of a reconstruction technique Marching Cubes algorithm. And then Laplacian mesh smoothing and Quadric Error Metric (QEM) edge folding simplified algorithm were used to enhance the practicality of the reconstruction model. In order to verify the reliability of the reconstructed methods, the obtained geometric models were converted to STL format, and then transformed to a 3D solid object. Then we imported them into a computer aided design software Pro/E to calculate their geometric parameters. Similarly, actual geometric parameters of the samples were measured by a vernier caliper and the water displacement method. Comparing the geometric model of agricultural products with the physical object, it was found that the obtained geometric models were well consistent with real samples, they showed very good agreement in shape, volume and other morphological parameters, and the errors between them were less than 3%. The presented methodology can avoid making great efforts in experimental measurements and consequently development of the geometric models, decreasing error generated from manual data extraction. The method has the significant advantages of producing geometric models of agricultural products that are easy to use in computer aided design software for numerical simulation, finite element analysis and quality detection, etc. This work is expected to be a useful contribution for modeling and simulation of agricultural products in postharvest engineering processes.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Geometry
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Computer aided design - Computer simulation - Digital storage - Finite element method - Fruits - Image segmentation - Magnetic resonance imaging - MATLAB - Median filters  - Noise abatement - Nondestructive examination
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive threshold segmentation - Computer images - Computer-aided design software - Data extraction - Echo time - Engineering fields - Engineering process - Experimental measurements - Fast spin echos - Field of views  - Geometric modeling - Geometric models - Geometric parameter - Geometry model - Geometry modeling - Graphics technology - Gray level image - Gray-level transformation - Image preprocessing - Irregular shape  - Laplacians - Marching Cubes algorithm - Median filtering - Mesh smoothing - Model formulation - Model reconstruction - Modeling and simulation - Morphological parameters - MR images - NMR data  - Physical objects - Postharvest - Quadric error metrics - Quality detection - Quality enhancement - Real objects - Real samples - Reconstruction method - Reconstruction techniques - Repetition time  - Simplified algorithms - Slice thickness - Static magnetic fields - Transport phenomena - Transportation process - Vernier caliper - Visualization toolkits - Water displacement - Whole-body
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 746 Imaging Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 703.2 Electric Filters - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20125115818492
Title:Explicit solution for normal depth in parabolic-shape channel
Authors:Zhang, Xinyan (1); L&#252;, Hongxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:L&#252;, H.(lvhongxing@tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:121-125
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Normal depth is the important hydraulic element for the design and operation of channel. But its analytic expression is a complex implicit function and can not be solved directly. Based on the economic practical section and uniform flow theory, this paper presents a new and explicit solution for normal depth in parabolic-shape channel through optimizing the model parameters by using R software and Marquardt method. The practical example and error analysis show that the maximum relative error of the established explicit equation is smaller than 0.55%, which is among the scope of engineering application. The proposed equation has clear physical concepts, convenient calculation and strong generality. It can provide a useful reference for the engineering design and operation management.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Error analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agriculture - Calculations - Design - Hydraulics
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic expressions - Design and operations - Engineering applications - Engineering design - Explicit equations - Explicit solutions - Implicit function - Marquardt method - Maximum relative errors - Model parameters  - Normal depths - Parabolic-shape section - Uniform flow
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 632.1 Hydraulics - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20125115818485
Title:Research on soil evaporation of summer maize by field measurement and model simulation
Authors:Zhao, Nana (1); Liu, Yu (1); Cai, Jiabing (1); Yu, Fuliang (1); Li, Chuanzhe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China; (2) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Y.(liuyu@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:66-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As a main component of the crop evapotranspiration, soil evaporation is usually useless water consumption at agriculture water use. So, it is necessary to reduce the soil evaporation as far as possible to improve the agriculture water use efficiency. In this paper, the observed field data of summer maize for two consecutive years were used to calibrate and validate the dual crop coefficients model-SIMDual_Kc model, and the observed soil evaporations measured by micro-lysimeter were also compared with simulated results of the SIMDual_Kc model. The ratio of the soil evaporation on the crop evapotranspiration was calculated and analyzed. Results show that the SIMDual_Kc model can be well applied to this region for simulating and calculating the soil water content and crop evapotranspiration of the summer maize, which has higher correlation and lower error between the simulated and observed ones. Thus the simulated values can be used for interpolation of the missing observed data and verification of the precision. It also revealed that precipitation during the initial period had a great influence on the soil evaporation, and the ratio of the soil evaporation of summer maize on actual crop evapotranspiration ranging from 37% to 45%.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Crops - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Lysimeters - Models - Phase transitions - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Soils  - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Crop coefficient - Crop evapotranspiration - Field data - Field measurement - Miro-lysimeter - Model simulation - Observed data - Simulated results - Soil evaporations - Soil water content  - Summer maize - Water consumption - Water use - Water use efficiency
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 723.5 Computer Applications - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20125115818488
Title:Effects of reclaimed water irrigation on soil water repellency
Authors:Shang, Yanling (1); Li, Yi (1); Zhu, Delan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.(liyikitty@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:89-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Performing further research on soil water and solute distributions as well as the variations of soil water repellency under reclaimed water irrigation for different soils can offer some referential information on the causes of soil water repellency using reclaimed water and the possible factors influencing the soil water repellency. Sandy soil, Shajiang black soil, Lou soil and saline-alkaline soils were selected to do column infiltration experiments with reclaimed water. Soil samples along vertical profiles were taken to measure soil potential water repellency, soil water content, Cl^- mass concentration, organic matter (OM) mass fraction and electrical conductivity (EC) under different irrigation quotas. The results showed that, after reclaimed water irrigation, Lou soil and saline-alkaline soil indicated repellency of 0-2 and 1-3 degrees, respectively; whereas both sand soil and Shajiang black soil displayed repellency of degree 0. Water repellency of all four types of soil on surface was stronger than the subsoils. Soil water repellency increased with the increase of reclaimed water irrigation quantity and irrigation time dramatically, and the larger the irrigation quota, the more notable the differences of soil water repellency. &Delta;OM of the all four types of soil had positive correlations with soil difference of water droplet penetration time &Delta;T<inf>R</inf>, while &Delta;Cl^- and &Delta;EC presented negative correlation with soil difference of water droplet penetration time &Delta;T<inf>R</inf>. Compared with the three other types of soil, sand soil is more suitable for irrigating with reclaimed water.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Drops - Electric conductivity - Irrigation - Moisture - Reclamation - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Black soil - Electrical conductivity - Influenced factor - Irrigation quotas - Mass concentration - Mass fraction - Negative correlation - Positive correlations - Re-claimed water - Sand soils  - Sandy soils - Soil potential - Soil sample - Soil water - Soil water content - Soil water repellency - Solute distribution - Vertical profile - Water droplets - Water repellency
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 444 Water Resources - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20125115818491
Title:Study on annual variation of rainfall erosivity in southwest China using gravity center model
Authors:Liu, Bintao (1); Tao, Heping (1); Song, Chunfeng (1); Guo, Bing (1); Shi, Zhan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (2) Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Corresponding author:Liu, B.(lbt609@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:113-120
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The correlation between rainfall time-series and vegetation time-series is one of the key factor that determining the soil erosion. So, study on the annual variation of rainfall erosivity has very important significance for revealing the characteristics of the correlation between rainfall time-series and vegetation time-series and determining the dangerous period of the soil erosion. 439 meteorological stations and hydrological stations were used in this study to estimate the rainfall erosivity in the southwest China. The annual variation of rainfall erosivity was discussed based on the gravity center model. The results showed that the rainfall erosivity changed significantly in a year, which was the highest in summer and was the lowest in winter. The spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity has the decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest regions of the southwest China. The spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity is similar to that of precipitation. The annual variation of the monthly mean rainfall erosivity in southwest China can be divided into two patterns. One is single peak pattern for the most areas, with peak values occurring in June, July or August. The other one is two peaks pattern for the east part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with peak values occurring in June and September respectively. The peak values are postponed form the southeast of the study area to the northwest of the study area. The gravity center of the rainfall erosivity in the southwest China moves northward firstly, and then moves southward during a year. This shows the annual variations of rainfall erosivity during the year under the influence of monsoon climate in the southwest China.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Erosion - Models - Spatial distribution - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Annual variation - Gravity centers - Key factors - Meteorological station - Monsoon climate - Peak values - Qinghai Tibet plateau - Rainfall erosivity - Single peak - Soil erosion  - Southwest China - Study areas
Classification code:407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 443.3 Precipitation - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

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Accession number:20125115818477
Title:Detection and control system of seed-layers thickness for vibration-flow precision seeder
Authors:Tan, Zuting (1); Ma, Xu (1); Qi, Long (1); Xie, Junfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guang Zhou 501642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guang Zhou 501642, China
Corresponding author:Ma, X.(maxu1959@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:10-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve sowing qualified rate and stability of vibration-flow precision seeder, and reduce the effect of sowing qualified rate with the difference of seeds fluidity, a detection and control system of seed-layers thickness based on ultrasonic sensor was designed. With the system, seed-flow in the process of sowing was whole detected and automatic controlled. The results showed that the system could effectively detect the change of seed-layers thickness on the screening plate, and adjust the vibration amplitude and frequence of seeds-supply device based on different seeds fluidity to make sure that seed-layers thickness was kept in the setting range, and adjusting time was about 4.32 s after correction; When the difference of seeds fluidity was too large, alarm system was started; After the system was installed, sowing qualified rate of hybrid rice (2-5 grain per point) was improved from 80.1% to 87.3%. The research laid a foundation for further study of hybrid rice precision seeding apparatus.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Vibrations (mechanical)
Controlled terms:Alarm systems - Control systems - Detectors - Flowmeters - Fluidity - Ultrasonic sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Hybrid rice - Screening plate - Seed-layers thickness - Vibration amplitude
Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 753.2 Ultrasonic Devices - 914 Safety Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20125115818507
Title:On-line monitoring of moisture ratio for apple during vacuum freeze-drying based on image texture analysis
Authors:Li, Xiaobin (1); Guo, Yuming (1); Fu, Lihong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (2) College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tanggu 300457, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Y.(guoyuming99@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:229-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on image texture analysis, this paper provides a new experimental method on real-time monitoring of moisture content. The images of original apple slice sample and sample dyed by CuSO<inf>4</inf> solution were captured by high-speed CCD and annular light source with polariscope during vacuum freeze-drying process. Mean value, standard deviation, smoothness, the third moment, uniformity and entropy were analyzed statistically by principal component analysis method, and the relationship between PC1 and moisture ratio W<inf>1</inf> of original apple slice, PC1 and moisture ratio W<inf>2</inf> of dyed apple slice were analyzed using non-linear regression method. In addition, the relationship between W<inf>1</inf> and moisture ratio W<inf>2</inf> of dyed apple slice was carried out the same computation with non-linear regression method. The results indicate that the p values of models are both &lt;0.0001, whose coefficient of determination are 0.9376, 0.9289 and 0.9930, respectively. In addition, most relative errors to the moisture ratio are limited 3%. Therefore, the mentioned models not only provide a new monitoring method of moisture ratio, but also give foundation of monitoring moisture ratio for other drying processes.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Moisture control
Controlled terms:Fruits - Image analysis - Light sources - Linear regression - Low temperature drying - Moisture - Monitoring - Principal component analysis - Textures - Vacuum
Uncontrolled terms:Apple - Apple slices - Coefficient of determination - Drying process - Freeze-drying process - High-speed CCD - Image texture analysis - Mean values - Moisture ratios - Monitoring methods  - New experimental method - Non-linear regression method - Online monitoring - P-values - Principal component analysis method - Real time monitoring - Relative errors - Standard deviation
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 933 Solid State Physics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 744 Lasers - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 633 Vacuum Technology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20125115818498
Title:Autonomous navigation control system of agricultural mini-unmaned aerial vehicles based on DSP
Authors:Chen, Tianhua (1); Lu, Sihan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer and Information Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Corresponding author:Chen, T.(cth188@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:164-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to enhance agricultural informatization, and according to the requirements of mini-unmaned aerial vehicles (UAV) for agriculture use with features of small size, light weight, stable, reliable, low speed and low altitude, a mini-UAV which using a respective DSP for navigation control and data collection was developed to reduce the complexity of navigation control system. The UAV uses TMS320F2812 as a core chip which integrates GPS, infrared sensor and electronic compass. The chip also expands the F2812 chip asynchronous communication interface. All of these designs ensure the real-time, integrity and reliability of data communication, and can achieve the independent autonomous navigation of UAV. The flying experiments of the UAV showed that the design had high reliability. The research can provide a reference for the design and application of agriculture-used UAV.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Navigation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Altitude control - Asynchronous sequential logic - Control systems - Design - Digital signal processors - Flight control systems - Infrared detectors - Signal processing
Uncontrolled terms:Aerial vehicle - Autonomous navigation - Chip-asynchronous - Data collection - Data-communication - Design and application - Electronic compass - High reliability - Informatization - Infra-red sensor  - Light weight - Low altitudes - Low speed - Mini-UAV - Navigation control systems - Navigation controls - TMS320F2812 - Unmaned aerial vehicle
Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 408 Structural Design - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20125115818503
Title:Analysis of influence factors on co-combustion characteristics of bituminous coal with herbal biomass
Authors:Liu, Xiang (1); Chen, Meiqian (1); Yu, Dong (1); Lu, Taijin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Corresponding author:Chen, M.(mqchen@bjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:200-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For investigating the co-combustion characteristics of herbal biomasses with bituminous coal, the co-combustion characteristics of beet and switchgrass, with bituminous coal were studied by thermogravimetric experiments. The influences of samples kinds, heating rates and blend ratios on the co-combustion characteristics under air atmosphere were analyzed and compared with those of bituminous coal and biomasses. The results showed that the initial release temperatures of volatile for all samples decreased with the increase of blend ratio and heating rates. The ignition temperatures of blend fuels were much lower than that of bituminous coal, but slightly higher than that of pure biomasses. The heating rates and blend ratios had little influence on ignition temperature. Volatile matter release index and comprehensive characteristic index of samples only above mass percentage of 20% for biomasses presented an upward trend with the increasing of heating rates, and these indexes improved as blend ratio increased. The better co-combustion characteristics can be obtained at mass percentage of 80% for biomass with heating rate of 50&deg;C/min. These indexes for blend fuels of switchgrass with bituminous coal were higher than that for blend fuels of beet and bituminous coal between heating rates of 10 to 90&deg;C/min. The research can provide a reference for efficient utilization of biomass.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Coal combustion
Controlled terms:Biomass - Bituminous coal - Coal - Heating rate - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Air atmosphere - Blend fuels - Blend ratios - Cocombustion - Combustion characteristics - Ignition temperatures - Mass percentage - Switchgrass - Thermogravimetric experiments - Upward trend  - Volatile matters
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 641.2 Heat Transfer
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20125115818501
Title:Experimental study and numerical simulation on flow field of venturi scrubber purifying biomass gas
Authors:Chang, Jiafu (1); Dong, Yuping (1); Liu, Qinglei (1); Guo, Feiqiang (1); Zhang, Tonghui (1); Zhang, Wenkang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering and Key Lab. of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China; (2) Shandong Baichuan Tongchuang Energy Company Ltd, Ji'nan 250101, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Y.(dongyp@sdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:186-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to settle the problem of tar droplets from biomass gasification gas by venturi scrubber, CFD software Fluent was employed to simulate the internal flow field in venturi tube. The static pressure field and axial velocity field inside venturi tube were obtained, and the variation of internal flow field was analyzed from the perspective of energy conversion. The results indicated that the pressure of throat pipe dropped significantly, and the static pressure energy was converted into kinetic energy so as to create larger turbulence, which improved purification efficiency. The total pressure drop and purification decoking efficiency of venturi scrubber were experimentally studied. The test results of total pressure drop of venturi scrubber were compared with simulated data, which showed that the test results matched well with simulation results when throat flow speed was between 70 and 120 m/s. The decoking efficiency could be effectively estimated using empirical formula based on the actual total pressure drop of venturi scrubber. Besides, the test data showed that decoking efficiency could reach to above 90% when throat speed was over 90 m/s and liquid-gas ratio was over 2 L/m³. The research laid a foundation for the application and expansion of venturi scrubber purifying biomass gas.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Purification
Controlled terms:Biomass - Computer simulation - Energy conversion - Flow fields - Hydraulics - Kinetics - Nozzles - Pressure drop - Scrubbers - Tar  - Tubes (components) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Axial velocity fields - Biomass gas - Biomass Gasification - CFD softwares - Decoking - Empirical formulas - Experimental studies - Flow speed - Internal flow field - Purification efficiency  - Static pressure - Static pressure fields - Test data - Total pressure drop - Venturi scrubber - Venturi tube
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 632.1 Hydraulics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 524 Solid Fuels - 513 Petroleum Refining - 411 Bituminous Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20125115818478
Title:Design and experiment for driving double coulters anti-blockage device of no-till planter
Authors:Jiang, Jinlin (1); Gong, Linong (1); Wang, Dongwei (1); Wang, Gongpu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, J.(gcdzz@qau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:17-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the problem of straw blocking when using domestic no-till planters to sow corn in the fields with wheat straw-covered and residues, To overcome this problem, an attachment was developed to allow no-till planter to handle large amounts of straw and residue and improve planter performance. The device is consisted of a passive and a power driven coulter. The passive coulter is a ground-driven notched one. It penetrated into no-tillage soil and cut residue. The rotation direction of the power driven coulter is reversed. It cuts the covered straw on the soil surface together with the passive coulter. The key parameters were analyzed and determined. The field experiment showed that the device could cut off about 96.2% wheat straw on the seedbed and nearly 98.7% residues in the seedbed. It was effective in solving straw blocking and ensuring the passing ability of no-tillage planter in the fields with wheat straw-covered and residues. The research can provides a reference for developing no-tillage planter.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Experiments - Soil conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-blockage - Conservation tillage - Double coulter - Field experiment - Key parameters - No tillage - No-till planters - No-tillage planter - Passing ability - Soil surfaces  - Wheat straws
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20125115818494
Title:Vision-based detection of tomato main stem in greenhouse with red rope
Authors:Wang, Xinzhong (1); Han, Xu (1); Mao, Hanping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) High-Tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligentization of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, X.(wangxinzhong@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:135-141
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to identify tomato plants for target spraying, an algorithm was presented to detect main stem of tomato relative to the rope which was used to fix main stem. The distribution characteristics of tomato images due to HSI color space were analyzed, and the images were then binarized using Otsu segmentation method based on H histogram and the rope region was extracted. The rope line was fit with least square method based on the set of discrete points extracted by thinning methodologies. Experiment results indicated that the average processing time for each image of 640&times;480 pixels was 0.16 s, the recognition accuracy of 100 images was 93%, and the maximum deviation between the rope and tomato main stem was 48 pixels. The algorithm can detect the main stem accurately with strong robust.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Computer vision - Image segmentation - Least squares approximations - MATLAB - Pixels - Rope
Uncontrolled terms:Discrete points - Distribution characteristics - HSI color space - Least square methods - Main stem - Processing time - Recognition accuracy - Segmentation methods - Tomato - Tomato plants  - Vision-based detection
Classification code:535 Rolling, Forging and Forming - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.21.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.