<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20122615179316
Title:Photocatalysis degradation of ethylene with &gamma;-ray irradiated modified silver-doped TiO<inf>2</inf>
Authors:Shen, Shengwen (1); Ye, Shengying (1); Song, Xianliang (1); Li, Mingbo (1); Fang, Yichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Ye, S.(yesy@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:236-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of TiO<inf>2</inf> irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-&gamma; ray and loaded by activated carbon fibers on photocatalytic degradation of ethylene in the environment of cold storage, the TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF photocatalytic materials deposited with nano-Ag (Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF) irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-&gamma; ray were prepared, and effects of three different films on the photocatalytic degradation rate of ethylene were investigated in the simulated cold storage environment for horticultural products. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM), Field Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to analyze the characterizations of the prepared Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF. Results showed that: ⁶⁰Co-&gamma; ray could make Ag load on the surface of TiO<inf>2</inf> well and TiO<inf>2</inf> could be dispersed on the ACF uniformly after adding the dispersant of polyethylene pyrrolidone, which could effectively prevent the aggregation of the nano-particles. The average particle size of TiO<inf>2</inf> became smaller, which could increase the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF. The apparent rate constant of photocatalytic degradation reaction of Ag-TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF film irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-&gamma; ray increased by 44% and 37% respectively compared to unirradiated TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF film and irradiated TiO<inf>2</inf>/ACF film. The research can provide a basis for the application of TiO<inf>2</inf> photocatalytic technology to degrade ethylene in fruit and vegetable cold storage.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Silver
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Cobalt - Cold storage - Degradation - Ethylene - Film preparation - Films - Heat radiation - Nanoparticles - Photocatalysis  - Photodegradation - Rate constants - Scanning electron microscopy - Titanium dioxide - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent rate constant - Average particle size - Dispersants - Environmental scanning electron microscopes - Fruit and vegetables - Horticultural products - Photo catalytic degradation - Photo-catalytic - Photocatalysis degradation - Photocatalytic materials  - Scanning Electron Microscope - TiO - X ray diffractometers
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 761 Nanotechnology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 741.1 Light/Optics - 708 Electric and Magnetic Materials - 694.4 Storage - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 547.1 Precious Metals - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20122615179297
Title:Modular design method of cotton image processing system based on Petri nets
Authors:Zheng, Bo (1); Zhao, Buhui (1); Bai, Xue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, B.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:119-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Image processing systems have been widely used in agricultural applications, but it is hard to realize the real-time processing of image and make low cost that can be accepted by users, therefore, it is necessary to reduce the costs of design and production. A modular design method of cotton image processing system based on Petri nets was proposed. Firstly, the image processing system was divided into functional modules, the top-level controller was modeled based on Petri nets; then the graphical model was transferred to the VHDL and the VHDL program was simulated and synthesized in the QuartusII software; Finally the image segmentation module was designed to introduce the parallel of the system. This design method of global asynchronous local synchronous (GALS) based on Petri nets can reduce the difficulty of design and debugging of image processing system, and decrease the timing requirement of the system.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Program debugging
Controlled terms:Cotton - Design - Image processing - Modular construction - Petri nets
Uncontrolled terms:Asynchronous system - Design method - Functional modules - GraphicaL model - Image processing system - Low costs - Modular-design method - Realtime processing - Timing requirements - VHDL programs
Classification code:405.2 Construction Methods - 408 Structural Design - 723.1 Computer Programming - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20122615179304
Title:Effect of spraying subacidic electrolyzed water on buckwheat sprouts growth
Authors:Cao, Wei (1); Zhang, Chunling (1); Li, Baoming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Structure and Environment in Agricultural Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, B.(libm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:159-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the problems of seeds and sprouts decay and food safety caused by microbial contamination in the production of buckwheat sprouts, weakly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) was applied in seed soaking and spaying in sprouts production. The effects of SAEW treatments on the properties of seeds germination, inhibition of microorganism and the quality of seed sprouts were determined. The results indicated that it was appropriate for buckwheat seeds to be soaked by SAEW with available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 40 mg/L and pH value of 5.0. Spraying SAEW with an ACC of 50 mg/L for buckwheat sprouts could reduce the population of bacteria and fungus on the sprouts and increase the height of buckwheat sprouts, reducing sugar content and rutin content, while had no negative effect on yield and dry weight of buckwheat sprouts.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Sugars
Controlled terms:Chlorine - Experiments - Image quality - pH - Sterilization (cleaning)
Uncontrolled terms:Acidic electrolyzed waters - Buckwheat sprouts - Chlorine concentration - Dry weight - Electrolyzed water - Microbial contamination - pH value - Reducing sugars
Classification code:741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20122615179300
Title:Detection of internal mechanical cracks in corn seeds based on data fusion technology
Authors:Zhang, Xinwei (1); Zhao, Xueguan (1); Zhang, Jiandong (1); Jiao, Weipeng (1); Shao, Zhigang (1); Gao, Lianxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Gao, L.(lianxing_gao@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:136-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to further study the mechanism and detection technology of internal cracks during threshing process and transportation of corn seeds, an edge detection method with data fusion based on stereomicroscope was proposed. The image edges of corn seeds with mechanical damage were respectively detected by mathematical morphology and Sobel, and fusion rules were set up accordingly. The two results from above methods were then processed by fusion based on wavelet transform to generation a new image. The feature information of inner mechanical damage from new image of corn seeds was extracted. Results showed that the proposed method had the advantages of two edge detection methods, which could improve the accuracy of edge detection and reduce noises while accurately extracting internal mechanical traits of corn seeds. The new method could obtain better effect than single traditional edge detection method.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Crack detection
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer vision - Cracks - Damage detection - Data fusion - Edge detection - Mathematical morphology
Uncontrolled terms:Corn seeds - Detection technology - Edge detection methods - Feature information - Fusion rule - Fusion technology - Image edge - Internal crack - Mechanical damages - Threshing process
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20122615179319
Title:Preparation and functional properties of whole cassava flour
Authors:Jiang, Xiaojing (1); L&#252;, Feijie (1); L&#252;, Xiaowen (3); Lu, Xiaojing (4); Zhang, Guozhi (2); Tai, Jianxiang (1); Li, Kaimian (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) College of Cereal and Food, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (3) Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China; (4) Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, K.(likaimian@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:257-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For increasing the value and promoting consumption of cassava, whole cassava flour was prepared as a fast food with good flavor. To improve the separation of cells in preparing the whole cassava flour, the parameters of heated treatment were investigated with response surface methodology. The whole cassava flour with optimum integrity of cell was obtained in this study. The results showed that the influencing factors on integrity of cassava cell followed as cook temperature, cook time, pre-cook time, and pre-cook temperature, and the optimum parameters were 95&deg;C, 16 min, 10 min, 66&deg;C, respectively. The free starch content of cassava flour was lower (8.4%) under above conditions. Meanwhile, the changing of hydrocyanic acid was determined during the process of whole cassava flour. Moreover, the viscosity property, thermal property, water and oil absorption properties, freeze-thaw stability of whole cassava flour were studied. The results can provide theoretical references for cassava application in food industry.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Water absorption
Controlled terms:Optimization - Processing - Surface properties - Thermodynamics
Uncontrolled terms:Cassava flour - Fast food - Food industries - Freeze-thaw stability - Functional properties - Hydrocyanic acid - Influencing factor - Oil absorption - Optimum parameters - Response surface methodology  - Starch contents - Viscosity properties
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.4 Manufacturing - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20122615179321
Title:Effects of processing techniques on propargite residues in orange juice and its by-products
Authors:Li, Yuncheng (1); Zhang, Yaohai (2); Chen, Weijun (1); Zhao, Qiyang (2); Shan, Weili (3); Liu, Guangxue (3); Wang, Chengqiu (2); Jiao, Bining (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (2) Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (3) Institute for Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
Corresponding author:Jiao, B.(bljiao@tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:270-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial processing techniques on propargite residues in orange juice and its by-products. In order to assess the persistence during juice processing, the field trials were carried out by spraying with the solution of 5-fold the concentration of the maximum recommended dosages. Propargite residues were determined by Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry based on QuEChERS extraction. The results indicated that the propargite was mainly distributed in orange peels, and the residual level in orange pulps was less than 5% compared to the raw materials. Propargite residues could be partially removed by washing, and the reduction was 32.5%. The residual levels in squeezed juice, filtrated juice, NFC juice and concentrated juice were 1.98%, 1.95%, 1.73%, and 1.37% of the raw material, respectively, and the processing factors of NFC juice and concentrated juice were 0.0173 and 0.0137, respectively. But the residues were enriched in pomace and orange essential oil, and the concentrated factors were 1.2822 and 18.4947, respectively. The research can provide a basis for optimization of processing technology as well as the dietary exposure assessment of propargite residues.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Fruit juices
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Essential oils - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Pesticides - Processing
Uncontrolled terms:Dietary exposure - Field trial - Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry - Juice processing - Orange juice - Orange peels - Orange pulp - Processing factors - Processing technique - Processing technologies  - Propargite - Residual levels - Residues
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20122615179320
Title:Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on lignification and anti-oxidation activity of postharvest green asparagus
Authors:Li, Pengxia (1); Hu, Huali (1); Wang, Yuning (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Nanjing 210014, China
Corresponding author:Li, P.(jsnky203@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:264-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to elucidate the adjustment mechanism of nitric oxide(NO) on the lignification of postharvest green asparagus, using sodium nitroprusside(SNP) of 0.2 mmol/L as a nitric oxide donor, and green asparagus treated with distilled water as controls, the paper investigated the effects of nitric oxide treatment on total phenol and lignin content, the relevant enzymes of lignin synthesis including PAL, CAD, PPO and POD, the anti-oxidation activity including the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the superoxide radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and membrane permeability. The result showed that NO treatment could delay the increase of lignin content and membrane permeability, inhibit the activities of CAD and PPO, increase the anti-oxidation activity, induce a significant increase in POD activity. However, there was no significant effect on PAL activity and total phenol content compared to control. This proved that NO treatment can delay the lignification of postharvest green asparagus through inhibiting the acitivities of CAD and PPO and increasing the anti-oxidation activity. The results can provide a theoretical basis and technical method for application of NO in green asparagus storage.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Nitric oxide
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Lignin - Mechanisms - Oxygen - Phenols - Principal component analysis - Sodium
Uncontrolled terms:Adjustment mechanisms - Anti-oxidation - Distilled water - Green asparagus - Hydroxyl radicals - Lignification - Lignin contents - Lignin synthesis - Membrane permeability - Nitric oxide donor  - Postharvest - Radical scavenging activity - Sodium nitroprusside - Superoxide radical - Theoretical basis - Total phenols
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 601.3 Mechanisms - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 451 Air Pollution
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20122615179306
Title:Effects of different surface treatment for wheat straw on performances of wood-plastic composites
Authors:Yu, Min (1); He, Chunxia (1); Liu, Junjun (1); Hou, Renluan (1); Xue, Jiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing 210031, China
Corresponding author:He, C.(chunxiahe@tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:171-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the interfacial bonding strength of wheat straw fibers and polypropylene (PP), the wheat straw fibers were treated by combined treatment. The surfaces of fibers were pretreated by 5 methods, such as NaOH, acetic acid, hot water, steam explosion and microwave, and then compounded by coupling agent treatment. The wheat straw/PP wood-plastic composites were prepared by blending with PP and wheat straw through melt blending and molding. The mechanical properties, water absorption and moisture absorption performance of the PP wood-plastic composites filled with different surface treated wheat straw fibers were investigated. The tensile sections of the composites were observed by the stereo microscope. The results showed that the mechanical properties, water absorption and moisture absorption performance of PP composites filled with combined treated fibers were excellent that the composites filled with coupling agent treated fibers. It was found that the composites with wheat straw treated by NaOH and acetic acid had good mechanical properties and anti-water absorption and anti-moisture absorption performance, followed by the composites with wheat straw fibers treated by hydrothermal and steam explosion. After combined treatment, the surface of wheat straw became rough, so that the interfacial adhesion of straw fibers and PP matrix was improved. The results of this paper had great practical significance on improving the properties of wheat straw/waste PP wood-plastic composite by straw fiber surface treatment.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Fibers
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Blending - Composite materials - Coupling agents - Mechanical properties - pH - Polypropylenes - Straw - Surface treatment - Thermoplastics  - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption performance - Combined treatment - Combining treatment - Fiber surface treatments - Hot water - Interfacial adhesions - Interfacial bonding strength - Melt blending - Moisture absorption - PP matrix  - Steam explosion - Stereo-microscopes - Wheat straw fibers - Wheat straws - Wood plastic composite
Classification code:811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951 Materials Science - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 415 Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials - 539 Metals Corrosion and Protection; Metal Plating - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20122615179311
Title:Effects of Cu on hydrolytic enzyme activities and biogas production during anaerobic fermentation
Authors:Chen, Lin (1); Gu, Jie (2); Gao, Hua (2); Qin, Qingjun (2); Wang, Xiaojuan (2); Chen, Zhixue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Gu, J.(gujoyer@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:202-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to find out the potential influencing mechanism of heavy metal Cu on the biogas production during anaerobic fermentation, experiments were designed to study the effects of Cu content in the pig manure (as mass fraction of dry pig manure) on hydrolytic enzyme activities and gas production at mesophilic condition (37&deg;C) in the anaerobic fermentation process. The results indicated that the average cellulase activities and sucrase activities by CK treatment (the mass fraction of Cu was 49.70 mg/kg) were significantly higher than that by H treatment (the mass fraction of Cu was 949.70 mg/kg) during the whole fermentation process, and the average urease activities of CK treatment and L treatment (the mass fraction of Cu was 349.70 mg/kg) were significantly higher than that of M treatment (the mass fraction of Cu was 649.70 mg/kg) and H treatment (p&lt;0.05). Apparently, the copper of H treatment inhibited the gas production. Daily biogas yield of H treatment was below those of CK, L and M treatments within 34 days early in the process, and total biogas production of CK treatment was 9% higher than that of H treatment. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the activities of cellulase, sucrase and urease of the CK treatment, the urease activities of the L treatment and the sucrase activities of the M treatment were significantly positive related to the biogas production rate (p&lt;0.05), while these relativity of H treatment were not obvious. The results showed that copper might lead to the comprehensive effects of gas production rate through many factors, such as microbial activity, which made no significant correlation between hydrolytic enzyme activities and gas production rate. The results can provide a reference for improving the gas production efficiency of anaerobic fermentation and utilization efficiency of livestock and poultry manure resources.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Anaerobic digestion - Copper - Enzyme activity - Fermentation - Heavy metals - Manures - Process control
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Anaerobic fermentation process - Biogas production - Cellulase activity - Comprehensive effect - Correlation analysis - Effects of Cu content - Fermentation process - Gas productions - Hydrolytic enzyme  - Mass fraction - Mesophilic condition - Microbial activities - Pig manures - Poultry manure - Urease activity - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 544.1 Copper - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 461.9 Biology - 461.8 Biotechnology - 522 Gas Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20122615179318
Title:Extraction of hemicelluloses from bamboo with ultrasound-assisted alkaline
Authors:Peng, Hong (1); Hu, Zhengrong (1); Yu, Ziping (1); Ruan, Rongsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
Corresponding author:Peng, H.(penghpez@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:250-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction method was used to investigate the efficient extractability of hemicelluloses from bamboo obtained. The influences of KOH mass concentration, extraction temperature and ultrasonic irradiation time on yield of bamboo hemicelluloses were evaluated under the conditions of constant material/liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL and total extraction time of 120 min. On the basis of single factor experiments, the extraction conditions were optimized with Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface analysis. The results showed that the optimal conditions for bamboo hemicelluloses extraction by ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction method were KOH mass concentration of 3.1%, temperature of 54&deg;C, and ultrasonic treatment time of 56 min, under which the actually total yield of hemicelluloses was 19.28%. The extraction temperature and KOH mass concentration were the most significant factors affecting the total hemicelluloses yield, while ultrasonic irradiation time was the least significant factor. Compared with the alkaline extraction without ultrasound assistance, the hemicelluloses yield could be improved by 4.06% using ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction technology. The results can provide a reference for industrialization of bamboo hemicelluloses production.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Cellulose
Controlled terms:Bamboo - Irradiation - Optimization - Surface analysis - Ultrasonics
Uncontrolled terms:Alkaline extraction - Box-Behnken experimental design - Extractability - Extraction conditions - Extraction temperatures - Extraction time - Hemicelluloses - Hemicelluloses extractions - Mass concentration - Optimal conditions  - Response surface analysis - Total yield - Ultrasonic irradiation time - Ultrasonic treatments - Yield
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20122615179315
Title:Visual analysis of saline soil spatio-temporal variation using Geo-information TuPu
Authors:Zhang, Rongqun (1); Song, Naiping (2); Wang, Xiuni (1); Cai, Simin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, R.(zhangrq@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:230-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The visual analysis of saline soil dynamic change information is still not solved. The analysis method of Geo-information TuPu was used for visual analysis of saline soil dynamic change information in the paper. Spatio-temporal composite unit was put forward as the minimum mapping unit to express the dynamic change of saline soil types. The establishing method of Geo-information TuPu of saline soil dynamic change was studied in this paper. Yinchuan Plain was taken as a research area. Three years (2000, 2004 and 2009) satellite remote sensing images were used for soil salinization mapping. The two-period saline soil dynamic change information TuPus were obtained from 2000 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2009 using GIS superposition analysis. Dynamic change pattern were analyzed by Geo-information TuPu of saline soil dynamic change in Yinchuan Plain. The results can provide a new way for position analysis on the drive mechanism of saline soil evolution.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Soil mechanics
Controlled terms:Image reconstruction - Monitoring - Remote sensing - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis method - Drive mechanism - Dynamic changes - Geo-information Tupu - Position analysis - Saline soil - Satellite remote sensing - Soil salinization - Spatio-temporal - Spatio-temporal variation  - Superposition analysis - Visual analysis
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20122615179294
Title:Endmember abundance calibration method for paddy rice area extraction from MODIS data based on independent component analysis
Authors:Liu, Jianhong (1); Zhu, Wenquan (1); Sun, Guannan (1); Zhang, Junzhe (1); Jiang, Nan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, W.(zhuwq75@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:103-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:There is a large discrepancy between the actual abundance of land cover and the result derived from the endmember abundance calibration of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a new method for the endmember abundance calibration of ICA by combining regression analysis. The new method includes 3 steps: Firstly, decomposing the remote sensing time-series data to obtain the independent component of the object feature; Secondly, selecting a certain amount of samples with actual object feature abundance and then building the relationship between the actual abundance and derived independent component using regression analysis; Finally, using regression relationship to derive the abundance of object feature for each pixel. Based on the MODIS time-series data, the new method and the linear scaling method were applied in Xinghua county, Jiangsu province of China for the mapping of rice abundance. The results derived from these two methods were then compared with the actual rice abundance map of the study area. Results showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Bias of the rice map derived from the new method was all smaller than that by linear scaling method, where the determination coefficient (R²) was all higher than that by linear scaling method at different spatial scales. The new method can enhance the application of ICA model in crop acreage mapping and provide a basis for large-scale crop identification and area extraction.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Independent component analysis
Controlled terms:Calibration - Mean square error - Radiometers - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Statistics - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration method - Crop identification - Determination coefficients - Endmembers - Growth cycle - Independent components - Jiangsu province - Land cover - Linear scaling method - Paddy rice  - Regression - Regression relationship - Root mean square errors - Spatial scale - Study areas - Time-series data
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20122615179278
Title:Spatial distribution of China grain output based on land use and population density
Authors:Liu, Zhong (1); Li, Baoguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment China Agriculture University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Z.(lzh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Applying statistics in geo-ecological process researches is an important manifestation of the combination of human activities and the geo-ecological process. Spatialization of agricultural statistics is a means to restore and reconstruct the spatial features of agricultural statistics. The resulting raster maps can provide data support for a wide range of geo-ecological studies. In support of land use, a regression model was constructed by taking population density as the dependent variable and grain yield per unit of arable land as independent one. The model was then applied to spatially distribute provincial-level grain output statistics, resulting in a 1 km &times; 1 km grid for China's grain output in 2000. The validation of the resulting maps by using grain output statistics at provincial, municipal and county administrative units showed that the method can correctly map the spatial distribution of grain output, especially for the major grain producing areas, with a high accuracy of the data reproduction. The results can be used as a data source for geo-ecological studies in agricultural areas. The accuracy of gridded grain output was observed to decline with the downscaling of the administrative region. The paper concluded that a higher accuracy grid would be generated if more ancillary factors associated with grain outputs were incorporated.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Geographic information systems - Land use - Population distribution - Population dynamics - Population statistics - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural areas - Arable land - Data reproduction - Data source - Data support - Dependent variables - Down-scaling - Grain yield - Human activities - Output  - Per unit - Population - Population densities - Raster map - Regression model - RS - Spatial features - Spatialization
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences - 723.3 Database Systems - 405.3 Surveying - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20122615179317
Title:Clarification and concentration of red cabbage anthocyanins using integrated membrane process
Authors:Xu, Zhenzhen (1); Li, Yuan (1); Chen, Fang (1); Liao, Xiaojun (1); Sun, Zhijian (1); Hu, Xiaosong (1); Wu, Jihong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Key Lab. of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wu, J.(wjhcau@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:242-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The objective of this study was to develop a membrane process, involving ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), for clarification and concentration of the red cabbage anthocyanins extract. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and axial feed flow rate (Q<inf>f</inf>) was evaluated according to the total recycle mode (TRM). The integrated membrane process was studied according to the batch mode (TBM). The total anthocyanins content (T<inf>Acy</inf>), pH value, total soluble solid (TSS) and color characteristics (CIE L^* a^* b^*) were measured. The ceramic UF membrane showed better results than the polyether sulfone membrane in clarification. the optimal conditions were TMP=0.3 MPa and Q<inf>f</inf>=40 L/min using ceramic UF membrane module. NF membrane showed higher efficiency than RO membrane in concentration, the optimal conditions were TMP=1.0 MPa, Q<inf>f</inf>=25 L/min with NF membrane, and TMP=1.5 MPa, Q<inf>f</inf>=10 L/min with RO membrane. Both UF NF and UF RO membrane-based processes could be utilized to clarify and concentrate the anthocyanins extract. The research can provide a reference for non-thermal industrial production of clarified and concentrated natural bioactive compounds.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Clarification
Controlled terms:Anthocyanins - Ceramic materials - Clarifiers - Concentration (process) - Ethers - Industrial research - Membranes - Nanofiltration - Optimization - Reverse osmosis  - Thermomechanical pulping process - Ultrafiltration
Uncontrolled terms:Batch modes - Bioactive compounds - Color characteristics - Feed flow rate - Higher efficiency - Industrial production - Integrated membrane process - Membrane process - Membrane-based process - NF membranes  - Nonthermal - Optimal conditions - pH value - Polyether sulfone - Red cabbages - RO membrane - Total soluble solids - Transmembrane pressures - UF membranes
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 812.1 Ceramics - 951 Materials Science - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20122615179293
Title:Improving retrieval accuracy of apple tree canopy reflectance at blossom stage by combining 6S radiometric correction with pixel unmixing method
Authors:Wang, Ling (1); Zhao, Gengxing (1); Zhu, Xicun (1); Dong, Fang (2); Wang, Ruiyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (2) College of City Development, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, G.(zhaogx@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:96-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to obtain approximate true reflectance of apple tree canopy, taking Qixia city in Shandong province as the study area, the ground surface reflectance was retrieved from TM image through radiometric correction based on DEM and atmospheric parameters from 6S Model. And the reflectance of apple tree canopy at blossom stage in 26 sample orchards was further retrieved using pixel unmixing method. Then the retrieval accuracy was assessed by the comparison of retrieval reflectance with measured canopy reflectance at the same time, apparent reflectance, and apparent-unmixing reflectance of 26 samples. The results showed that this method could weaken the effects caused by atmosphere and topography effectively, recover the ground objects in the shadow of the hills. So the analytical ability of ground surface retrieval reflectance images was improved obviously. Errors between canopy retrieval reflectance and measured value were the least of the four types of reflectance, while correlation coefficient between them was the highest. Moreover, the display features of canopy retrieval reflectance among samples were more similar to measured reflectance than that of the other types. It could be concluded that this retrieval method was feasible, so this study will be served as a reliable reference to obtain the base data for the apple tree management, and other similar agriculture retrieval research.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Reflection
Controlled terms:Forestry - Fruits - Pixels - Radiometry - Remote sensing - Trees (mathematics)
Uncontrolled terms:Apple trees - Atmospheric parameters - Canopy reflectance - Correlation coefficient - Ground objects - Ground surfaces - Pixel unmixing - Reflectance images - Retrieval accuracy - Retrieval methods  - Shandong province - Study areas - TM image
Classification code:944.8 Radiation Measurements - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 711 Electromagnetic Waves
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20122615179322
Title:Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of fat-soluble components from Periploca sepium bunge
Authors:Jin, Shichao (1); Wang, Jianzhong (1); Zhang, Lirong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.(w62338221@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:276-281
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction technology of fat-soluble components from Periploca sepium Bunge, on the basis of single-factor experiments, ultrasonic power, solid-solvent ratio and ultrasonic time were selected as main influencing factors to analysis the effects on extraction results of fat-soluble components from Periploca sepium Bung by response surface analysis methodology. The main fat-soluble components extracted from Periploca sepium Bunge were detected by using GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of fat-soluble components from Periploca sepium Bunge were as follow: under the room temperature of 20&deg;C and ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz with petroleum ether as chemical reagent, ultrasonic assisted extraction time 70 min, ultrasonic power 730 W, material-solvent ratio 1:10 g/mL. Under these conditions, the actual extraction yield of fat-soluble components from Periploca sepium Bunge reached to 6.14%.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Factor analysis
Controlled terms:Biomass - Ethers - Extraction - Optimization - Surface analysis - Tungsten
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical reagents - Extraction technology - Extraction time - Extraction yield - Fat-soluble components - Influencing factor - Optimum conditions - Periploca sepium Bunge - Petroleum ether - Response surface analysis methodology  - Room temperature - Ultrasonic frequency - Ultrasonic power - Ultrasound-assisted extraction
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 543.5 Tungsten and Alloys
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20122615179279
Title:Kinematics analysis on wide-narrow row walking-type transplanting mechanism with eccentric and eccentric-modified planet gears
Authors:Zhao, Yun (1); Luo, Hua (1); Jiang, Pengpeng (1); Li, Dianbo (1); Zhang, Yunhui (1); Zhang, Guofeng (1); Dai, Li (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Y.(zhaoyun@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:9-15
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize wide-narrow row rice transplanting, the eccentric gears and eccentric-modified gears were used to the walking-type rice transplanting mechanism, and transmission case was designed to satisfy the seedlings needle track and pose of wide-narrow row rice transplanting mode in this paper. Its structural characteristics and working principle were illustrated and kinematical analysis models were set up. Computer aided analysis, simulation and optimization program were compiled, and structural parameters of the transplanting mechanism were optimized, which satisfied the working requirements of walking-type rice transplanter. 3D design of the transplanting mechanism was accomplished, and virtual prototype test was finished in ADAMS and physical prototype was developed, and then field test was accomplished. The results were as follow: wide row was 403 mm, and narrow row was 197 mm. The transplanting mechanism can meet the working requirements of wide-narrow row walking-type rice transplanter.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Gears
Controlled terms:Design - Mechanisms - Optimization - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:3D design - Eccentric gears - Field test - Kinematical analysis - Kinematics analysis - Rice transplanter - Simulation and optimization - Structural characteristics - Structural parameter - Virtual prototype  - Wide-narrow row - Working principles
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 462.4 Prosthetics - 601.2 Machine Components - 601.3 Mechanisms - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20122615179282
Title:Threshing effect of ripe rape by different methods
Authors:Zong, Wangyuan (1); Liao, Qingxi (1); Chen, Li (1); Li, Haitong (1); Huang, Peng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Q.(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:29-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The threshing method and power consumption are important influence factors for threshing rate and damage rate of rape seeds during threshing, which are the keys for design of threshing and separating system of rape combine harvester. The different threshing methods for rape seeds with rubbing, rolling and impact were tested. The relation of threshing rate and damage rate of rape seeds was studied and the threshing effect was analyzed. The test results showed that threshing rate appeared a logarithm relation with power consumption. The threshing effect of rubbing was better than the other methods when power consumption was more than 0.5 J/g. The rubbing method combined with impact method was recommended for rape seeds threshing mechanism. The research can provide a reference for selection of appropriate threshing method and structure design of rape combine harvester.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Combines - Electric power utilization - Experiments - Harvesters
Uncontrolled terms:Damage rate - Rape - Rape combine - Rape seed - Separating systems - Structure design - Thresh pods - Threshing methods
Classification code:706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20122615179309
Title:Modified method of energy carbon footprint and application based on regional land use change
Authors:Han, Zhaoying (1); Meng, Yali (1); Liu, Liping (1); Liu, Nali (2); Zhou, Zhiguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) Xuanhua County Agriculture and Pasture Bureau, Zhangjiakou 075100, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Z.(giscott@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:190-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to better reflect the current state of regional actual ability to absorb carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption and avoid overestimating environment pressure, the calculation method of energy carbon footprint (ECF) was modified based on regional land use change and net primary productivity. The ECF of Jiangsu province during the period of 1999-2009 was analyzed by the modified method, and the relationship between the modified ECF and economic growth was evaluated using regression analysis and decoupling index. The results showed that during the last 11 years, the ECF per capita increased from 0.5184 hm² to 1.4626 hm² by Wackernagel method, while the ECF per capita increased from 0.1771 hm² to 0.4194 hm² by the modified method. Compared with Wackernagel's method, the ECF per capita by modified method reduced 68.5% per year on average. Relationship between GDP per capita and ECF did prove the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Also, the annual development speed of ECF was lower than that of GDP and both were in the state of relative decoupling. These reflect that the dependence of current economic growth on energy consumption gradually reduces and energy utilization efficiency gets improved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Economics
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Carbon footprint - Energy resources - Energy utilization - Environmental impact - Land use - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation methods - Carbon emissions - Decoupling index - Economic growths - Energy utilization efficiency - Environment pressure - Environmental kuznets curve hypothesis - GDP - Jiangsu province - Land-use change  - Net primary productivity - Per capita
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454 Environmental Engineering - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20122615179310
Title:Design and experiment of household biogas system in alpine region based on two-phase anaerobic fermentation
Authors:Sun, Yong (1); Li, Wenzhe (1); Zhang, Hongqiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Li, W.(liwenzhe9@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:196-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the problems of long fermentation period and low gas production in the alpine region, a two-phase anaerobic fermentation device was designed for rural household biogas production in the alpine region. The fermentation parameters such as acid production, temperature and pH value of feed and hydraulic retention time were controlled during two-phase anaerobic fermentation. The relationship between the quantity of produced biogas during fermentation and the quantity of consumed biogas to maintain the biogas slurry temperature in most cold season in Harbin was discussed. Results showed that the highest methan production was 1.35 m³/(m³&middotd) using the two-phase anaerobic fermentation process, which was four times higher than the traditional process of 0.35 m³/(m³&middotd). There was 4.08 m³ daily balance biogas to satisfy lighting and cooking for three people family in January of winter, which could operate in alpine region year-round. In addition, the equipment structure is reasonable and perfect, which might replace the traditional digester. The research can provide a technical support and reference for developing new pattern of domestic biogas production in alpine region.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Equipment - Fermentation - Hydraulic machinery
Uncontrolled terms:Acid production - Alpine regions - Anaerobic fermentation - Anaerobic fermentation process - Biogas production - Biogas slurry - Cold season - Gas productions - Household - Hydraulic retention time  - pH value - Rural households - Technical support - Two-phase
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 901 Engineering Profession
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20122615179307
Title:Effects of different pretreatments on analysis results of atomic absorption spectroscopy by metal elements in straw
Authors:Niu, Wenjuan (1); Yang, Zengling (1); Li, Qiong (1); Pu, Qiankun (1); Han, Lujia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Han, L.(hanlj@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:178-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Mental elements play important roles in the scientific utilization of crop straw. There is currently no standard method for determination of metal elements in straw. This article investigated the effects of different pretreatments on the determination of K, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mg in Astragalus mongholicus reference material (GBW10028), corn straw, wheat straw and cotton stalk by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that microwave digestion, dry ashing and wet digestion had significant differences (P&lt;0.05) on the content of metal elements in Astragalus mongholicus reference material (GBW10028). Microwave digestion had a higher precision and accuracy than dry ashing and wet digestion. Microwave digestion had the same effect on determination of metal elements of Astragalus mongholicus reference material (GBW10028), corn straw, wheat straw and cotton stalk. Microwave HNO<inf>3</inf> and microwave HNO<inf>3</inf>-H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> pretreatments had no significant difference (P&gt;0.05), microwave HNO3 pretreatment was more stable than microwave HNO<inf>3</inf>-H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> and microwave HNO<inf>3</inf>-H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> pretreatments. Microwave HNO<inf>3</inf> pretreatment was a more accurate and simple method for the determination of metal elements in straw.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Microwaves
Controlled terms:Cotton - Experiments - Metals - Straw - Trace elements
Uncontrolled terms:Dry ashing - Metal elements - Microwave digestion - Pre-Treatment - Wet digestion
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20122615179284
Title:Design of path following controllers based on performance index for agricultural vehicle
Authors:Zhang, Meina (1); Lin, Xiangze (1); Ding, Yongqian (1); Yin, Wenqing (1); Qian, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing 210031, China
Corresponding author:Yin, W.(yinwq@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:40-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on performance index, path following PID controllers for agricultural vehicle were designed. The optimal PID controller parameters were tuned respectively by performance indices including ISE, IAE, ITAE and ITSE. Taking overshoot and adjusting time as the evaluation criteria, simulation results showed that satisfactory dynamic and static performance can be achieved under the controllers designed by aforementioned four performance indices. Overshoot and adjusting time of PID controller closed-loop system tuned by ISE were 25.55% and 5.07 s respectively; which were 10.03% and 3.95 s tuned by IAE, ITAE and ITSE in the same system. The controller tuned by IAE, ITAE and ITSE were better than that of ISE in the aspect of control performance. The PID controller parameters could be regulated appropriately by the proposed method, which can provide a theoretical basis for design of agricultural vehicle controllers.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Vehicle performance
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Closed loop control systems - Electric control equipment - Navigation - Optimal systems - Three term control systems - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural vehicles - Control performance - Evaluation criteria - Path following - Path following controller - Performance indices - PID - PID controllers - Static performance - Theoretical basis  - Tracking controls
Classification code:432 Highway Transportation - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20122615179292
Title:Study on thermal stress of orifice structure of RCCD in construction period based on sub-model method
Authors:Meng, Fanshen (1); Chen, Shoukai (2); Guo, Lei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (2) College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China
Corresponding author:Chen, S.(man200177@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:90-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In view of the orifice structure which was much smaller than the dam, the sub-model method was introduced, the problem of cut boundary value was solved, and the method for reducing error of the time and space domain was put forward. Then the accurate simulation of the orifice structure of concrete dam was achieved. Based on the method and a RCCD project, the simulation of the temperature and stress field was carried out, and the variation and distribution of temperature and stress of a typical orifice structure were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the large tensile stress occurred at early age (10-30 d), and the maximum appeared in the first winter. In addition, the sub-model method can provide an effective way for studying the temperature and stress field of dam orifice structure.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Orifices
Controlled terms:Concrete dams - Dams - Hydraulic structures - Stresses - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Boundary values - Construction period - Distribution of temperature - Early age - RCCD - Space domain - Stress field - Sub-model method
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 441.1 Dams - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.1 Thermodynamics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20122615179286
Title:Optimal design method with time-varying uncertainty for wet multi-disc brakes
Authors:Jiang, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing 100070, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Y.(jiangyong23@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:52-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:As uncertainties inherent factors, such as temperature and wear, always exist during wet multi-disc brake's lifetime, a time-dependent model was established, which incorporating such uncertainties based on stochastic differential equation theory. The time-dependent design method for wet multi-disc brake under such external uncertainties factors was presented. This method takes the braking distance and temperature changes with time into account. It can evaluate dynamic security reliability for wet multi-disc brake products, which reflects the impact of time scale in the design. The brake that can meet the reliability requirements at any time can be designed by the new method, which can provide a reference for dynamic security assessment of brakes reliability.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Brakes
Controlled terms:Braking - Friction materials - Optimal systems - Product design - Reliability - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Braking distance - Design method - Dynamic security - Dynamic security assessment - Optimal design - Optimal design methods - Stochastic differential equations - Temperature changes - Time varying uncertainties - Time-dependent  - Time-dependent models - Time-scales - Uncertainty
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 432 Highway Transportation - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 913.1 Production Engineering - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20122615179295
Title:Simulation model of cucumber healthy indexes based on radiation and thermal effectiveness
Authors:Ming, Cunhao (1); Jiang, Fangling (1); Wang, Guanglong (1); Hu, Hongmin (1); Zhou, Xuechao (1); Wu, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (3) Chifeng Agricultural and Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia Academy of Sciences, Chifeng 024031, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Z.(zpzx@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:109-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the predicting ability of healthy degree of cucumber seedlings, the relationships of both temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with the root-shoot ratio, G value (the proportion of the total dry weight to the numbers of days of seedling) and healthy index of greenhouse cucumber was investigated. Using two different ecotypes of cucumber varieties 'Jinchun No. 4' and 'Deltastar' as tested materials, the models of cucumber healthy indexes based on thermal effectiveness and PAR (TEP) were developed through different sowing date test and regression analysis, and models were further verified by independent test data. The results showed that root-shoot ratio was poor fitting with TEP, and G value simulation model had low compliance between simulated and observed values, unsuitable for simulation taking photothermal product as a variable in this experiment. Healthy index simulation model was well fitting with TEP. The root mean squared error (RMSE) between the simulated and measured values of healthy index was 0.0040, showing a high predictive accuracy; and the determination coefficients (R²) between the simulations and measurements for the healthy indexes were 0.9854 (Jinchun No. 4) and 0.9761 (Deltastar) respectively. They all passed F test, and there were extremely significant level, showing an excellent conformity between simulated and measured values. Based on the results it is concluded that the healthy index simulation model can give a satisfactory prediction of healthy degree of cucumber seedlings. The model developed in this study is applicable with few parameters and can provide an effective method to predict the healthy degree of cucumber seedlings and decision support for the temperature and light and temperature management of greenhouse cucumber seedling cultivation.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Decision support systems - Experiments - Forecasting - Greenhouses - Models - Regression analysis - Statistics - Thermoelectric power
Uncontrolled terms:Cucumber - Decision supports - Determination coefficients - Dry weight - G-values - Greenhouse cucumbers - Healthy indexes - Photo-thermal - Photosynthetically active radiation - Predictive accuracy  - Root mean squared errors - Root-shoot ratio - Satisfactory predictions - Seedlings - Simulation model - Simulations and measurements - Sowing date - Temperature management - Test data - Thermal effectiveness
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20122615179303
Title:Design of energy self-sufficient wireless sensor network node for orchard information acquisition
Authors:Jiang, Sheng (1); Wang, Weixing (1); Sun, Daozong (1); Li, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Wang, W.(weixing@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:153-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A type of wireless sensor network (WSN) node suitable for orchard information acquisition was designed to solve the existing problems as wireless communication obstruction and battery replacement difficulties. The node uses a MSP430F149 as the processing core, a nRF905 RF chip and its peripheral circuits was used as wireless communication module, power management chips CN3058 and HT6292 as well as their peripheral circuits were used as the solar charging module, motor driver chip uln2003 and vertical, horizontal motors were used as the solar tracing module, DHT22 air temperature and humidity sensor and TDR-3 soil moisture sensor and their peripheral circuits were used as the sensing module. The communication protocol, application program and time synchronization algorithm were designed based on the hardware platform. Power consumption, communication distance and charging time of one node were tested and analyzed, the maximum effective communication distance of the designed nodes reached 202 m in unoccupied regions. In the test of charging time, 580 minutes were needed for charging one lithium battery from 3V to 3.6 V, and 283 minutes were needed for charging two tandem lithium batteries from 5.6 V to 8.4 V. With no solar charging and a working cycle of 30 min, the theoretical life cycles of the main circuit and sensor circuit is 497 d and 187 d, respectively. A WSN was established for measuring temperature, humidity and soil water content in a citrus orchard, the experimental results indicated that the network packet loss rate is 1.5%.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Energy management - Lithium batteries - Mergers and acquisitions - Orchards - Soil moisture - Solar energy - Wireless sensor networks - Wireless telecommunication systems
Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature - Application programs - Battery replacements - Charging time - Communication distance - Effective communication - Energy self-sufficient - Existing problems - Hardware platform - Information acquisitions  - Low-power consumption - Main circuit - Measuring temperature - Motor driver - MSP430F149 - Network packets - Peripheral circuits - Power managements - Processing core - Sensor circuit  - Soil moisture sensors - Soil water content - Time synchronization - Wireless communications - Wireless sensor - Working cycle
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 732 Control Devices - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 615.2 Solar Power
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20122615179308
Title:Modelling nitrogen pollution from livestock breeding using Manure-DNDC model
Authors:Gao, Maofang (1); Qiu, Jianjun (1); Li, Changsheng (2); Wang, Ligang (1); Li, Hu (1); Gao, Chunyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH 03824, United States
Corresponding author:Qiu, J.(qiujj@caas.net.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:183-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Livestock and poultry breeding is one of the most important sources for agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution. After application of manure fertilizer, the intensity of nitrogen losses through soil erosion and leaching in arable land will increase dramatically. Livestock breeding and manure management is a complicate process including nutrient cycling in animal body and transportation of waste from manure to environment through different routes. Discharge coefficient method was widely used for the evaluation of nitrogen pollution loads from animal breeding. The newest Manure-DNDC model was used for the modelling of biogeochemistry process in animal breeding and manure management, with a case study of Xiaoqinghe watershed in Shandong province. Nitrogen transportation and transfer in animal body, manure and agricultural land, main ways of nitrogen losses as well as spatial and temporal distribution of pollution were analyzed in the paper. The results indicated that nitrogen loss in the process of animal breeding and manure fertilizer application was 46.6 million kg N in Xiaoqinghe watershed in 2008. Nitrogen losses from soil erosion and leaching in arable land caused by manure application were 1 million kg and 5.1 million kg, respectively.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Erosion - Land use - Leaching - Models - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Pollution - Transportation routes  - Waste management - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural land - Animal body - Arable land - Discharge coefficients - Fertilizer applications - Livestock breeding - Manure applications - Manure management - Manure-DNDC - Nitrogen loss  - Nitrogen pollution - Non-point source - Non-point source pollution - Nutrient cycling - Shandong province - Soil erosion - Spatial and temporal distribution
Classification code:902.1 Engineering Graphics - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 444.1 Surface Water - 433 Railroad Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 431 Air Transportation - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 434 Waterway Transportation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20122615179313
Title:Early warning model of farming sustainability in counties based on improved artificial neural network
Authors:Zhang, Jinping (1); Qin, Yaochen (1); Ai, Shaowei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; (2) College of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Y.(qinyc@henu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:213-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Vulnerable to the fluctuations of economy, resource and environment, the development of regional agricultural system may deviate from the normal orbit and result in a variety of warning conditions. In this paper, scientific early-warning model system for short-term county-scale sustainability of farming measure was established with the improved artificial neural network model as a core by combining skillfully with the "yellow" warning method and the traditional systematic approach. The BP neural network model was improved by the weighted principal component analysis method to optimize the initial weights of network. In the downstream region along Yellow River, two typical counties, Kenli and Fengqiu, were selected as the main study areas to complete the four key steps of early-warning. The results showed that, primarily, the county-scale early-warning model system for measure of farming sustainability based on the IANN method had good operability. Secondly, the improved BP algorithm can not only reflect the preferences of decision makers on the indicators, but also obtain a fast convergent and highly accurate neural network model. Finally, the empirical analysis of early-warning for the sustainability of farming measure in the county scale achieved the desired goals and was in line with reality. The warning degrees in two counties from 2010 to 2014 were mainly light and moderate, on which abnormal fluctuations of warning signs from resource and environment subsystems, especially those having greater weights, had a more direct impact.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Neural networks
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agriculture - Algorithms - Models
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural system - Artificial neural network models - BP neural network model - Decision makers - Direct impact - Downstream region - Early warning - Empirical analysis - Improved BP algorithms - In-line  - Initial weights - Model system - Neural network model - Resource and environment - Study areas - Warning conditions - Warning signs - Weighted principal component analysis - Yellow river - Yellow warning method
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20122615179281
Title:Multi-objective optimization design of rotary transplanting mechanism based on satisfactory degree theory
Authors:Zhang, Guofeng (1); Hu, Qunwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Q.(husir.1@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:22-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Aiming at the multi-objective, nonlinearity and fuzziness of optimization of the rotary transplanting mechanism with planetary gear system, multi-objective optimization model of kinematics parameter was established based on satisfactory theory. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to quantify the kinematics performance of the transplanting mechanism. BP neural network was trained to build the mapping relationship of satisfactory degree and satisfactory function. Optimal solution and its evaluation were obtained by real-code genetic elitism strategy algorithms as follows: semi-major axis of the elliptic gear a was 18.10 mm; the ratio of semi-minor axis to semi-major axis of the elliptical gear k was 0.988; initial settling angle of the planting arm &alpha;<inf>0</inf> was -42.56&deg;; initial settling angle of the planet gear &delta;<inf>0</inf> was11.56&deg;; initial settling angle of the planet carrier &psi;<inf>0</inf> was 31.02&deg;; the distance between the planet gear and the seedling needle tip S was 153.79 mm; and satisfactory degree was 93.11. The results show that the method can improve the efficiency and quality of design and meet the demand of designers and users further.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Multiobjective optimization
Controlled terms:Design - Fuzzy set theory - Gears - Kinematics - Mechanisms - Neural networks - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:BP neural networks - Elitism strategy - Elliptic gears - Elliptical gears - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation - ITS evaluation - Kinematics parameters - Kinematics performance - Mapping relationships - Multi objective  - Multi objective optimizations (MOO) - Multi-objective optimization models - Non-Linearity - Optimal solutions - Planet carriers - Planetary gear systems - Quality of design - Satisfactory - Satisfactory degree - Semimajor axis
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 601.3 Mechanisms - 601.2 Machine Components - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20122615179289
Title:Effects of slope forest and grass vegetation on reducing rainfall-runoff erosivity in Three Gorges Reservoir Region
Authors:Huang, Ru (1); Huang, Lin (2); He, Binghui (1); Zhou, Lijiang (3); Wang, Feng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Key-Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400715, China; (2) School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (3) Sichuan Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Chengdu 610081, China
Corresponding author:He, B.(hebinghui@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:70-76
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The study on the relationship between biological regulating measures and soil and water losses, is of great significance to the soil and water conservation and the ecological reconstruction of the environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Seven standard runoff plots were built on the seven natural slopes with different biological regulating measures for observing the runoff and sediment yield produced under these slope biological regulating measures (Koelreuteria bipinnata Cassia suffruticasa, traditional planting, hedgerows, closed forest, natural restoration, economic forest and control plot). The results showed that the treatments of biological regulating measures affected runoff and sediment generation significantly. Runoff and sediment yield reduced rapidly with the biological regulating measures, the values in control plot were higher, but lower in Koelreuteria bipinnata Cassia suffruticasa plot and hedgerows plot. Runoff erosion power was positively related with sediment yield. It was suggested that runoff erosion power can be used to better simulate erosion dynamics. The presentation of the effect of different biological regulating measures on erosion by the ratio of runoff erosion power/erosion volume reflects the existence of critical biological regulating measures, which can be used to evaluate regulatory effects of biological regulating measures on soil erosion dynamics.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Dynamics - Erosion - Forestry - Rain - Sedimentology - Sediments - Soils - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Biological regulating measures - Ecological reconstruction - Erosion dynamics - Erosivity - In-control - Natural restoration - Rainfall runoff - Regulatory effects - Runoff and sediment generation - Sediment yields  - Soil and water conservation - Soil and water loss - Soil erosion dynamics - Three gorges reservoir area - Three Gorges Reservoir region
Classification code:821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 931.1 Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20122615179301
Title:Information acquisition method for mechanical intra-row weeding robot
Authors:Zhang, Chunlong (1); Huang, Xiaolong (1); Liu, Weidong (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Li, Nan (1); Zhang, Junxiong (1); Li, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, W.(liww@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:142-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the information acquisition method of intra-row weeding robot for transplanted vegetables, an algorithm was developed based on fast operation speed and most accredited accuracy. Green plants could be segmented from background directly using the advantage of G component in RGB color space. As the crop seedlings grow in order and have different shape and distribution from weeds, individual crop plants could be located in the robot's moving direction through the histogram analysis of plant-pixels vertical to the crop rows. According to the experiment, when the robot moved with a speed from 0 to 3 km/h, the average error of the locating algorithm was &plusmn;5 mm and the average processing time was less than 20 ms. The developed method can meet the technical requirement of the weeding robot, and lay a foundation for the field work of weeding robot.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Computer vision
Controlled terms:Crops - Mergers and acquisitions - Robots - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Average errors - Crop plants - Crop rows - Crop seedlings - Different shapes - Fast operation - Field works - Green plants - Histogram analysis - Information acquisitions  - Locating algorithm - Mechanical weeding - Moving direction - Processing time - RGB color space - Technical requirement
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 731.5 Robotics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20122615179291
Title:Effect of subsurface drain spacing on elution desalination for coastal saline soil
Authors:Zhang, Jinlong (1); Zhang, Qing (1); Wang, Zhenyu (1); Wang, Pengshan (1); Dai, Jihang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin TEDA Landscape Construction Limited Company, Tianjin 300457, China; (2) College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Q.(localplant@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:85-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to design reasonably irrigation and drainage engineering and improve saline soil effectively, and investigate effect of the drain spacing on desalination of soils, leaching experiments were carried out on drained coastal saline soils laid 3, 6 and 9 m spaced subsurface drains respectively. The results showed that, during the leaching stage the drainage discharges in three experimental plots were great early, then decreased and kept stable roughly several days later. The drain spacing was smaller, the greater the stable drainage discharge among three plots, and the drainage water salinity was greater also at the early stage of three times leaching. The same leaching water column, desalinization of soils in the plot with 3 m spaced subsurface drains was more uniform, and was not very uniform with 9 m spaced subsurface drains. After three times leaching, the desalinization rates of 0~1 m soil layer in the plots with 3, 6 and 9 m spaced drains were 70.93%~73.40%, 64.68%~77.47% and 56.54%~78.78% respectively. The equation was applicable to estimate soil salinity variation in the flooded and pipe-drained field, and the prediction error was a little more at the sites above drains, but was 10% or so at the other sites between drains.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Desalination - Drainage - Durability - Leaching - Wastewater disposal - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Coastal saline soils - Drain spacings - Drainage discharge - Drainage engineering - Drainage water salinity - Investigate effects - Leaching experiments - Leaching waters - Prediction errors - Saline soil  - Soil layer - Soil salinity - Spacing - Subsurface drains
Classification code:533.1 Ore Treatment - 502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 442 Flood Control; Land Reclamation - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 406 Highway Engineering - 401 Bridges and Tunnels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20122615179298
Title:Image segmentation algorithm for Phalaenopsis amabilis based on watershed algorithm and gradient
Authors:Ren, Shougang (1); Ma, Chao (1); Xie, Zhonghong (1); Xu, Huanliang (1); Chen, Fadi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Xu, H.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:125-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It is an important method to improve the planting profit of Phalaenopsis ababilis by the control of its anthesis through image identification technology to acquire the growing parameters of greenhouse Phalaenopsis ababilis. How to segment and extract the image of Phalaenopsis amabilis from the background image is the key point of image identification. This paper firstly uses color gradient algorithm to extract the Phalaenopsis amabilis natural images gradient image. It adopts the threshold value to find out the significant part of gradient image (e.g. the significant edge in the image), and the watershed segmentation method to segment the source image. It uses the significant edge image to determine the watershed segmentation image so as to remove the insignificant "dam" and make its both sides converge, to restrain over-segmentation effect. Finally, the target image of Phaleaenopsis amabilis will be obtained through merging the similar areas according to area merging standards. By comparing the segmentation effect with artificial method of the 20 Phalaenopsis ababilis images, it proves that the segmentation algorithm based on gradient and watershed method has good effect to extract the Phalaenopsis amabilis image from its natural background and the segmentation rate is up to 93.6%.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Gradient methods - Image understanding - Merging - Profitability
Uncontrolled terms:Background image - Color gradients - Common edge - Edge image - Gradient images - Image identification - Image segmentation algorithm - Keypoints - Natural backgrounds - Natural images  - Over segmentation - Phalaenopsis - Segmentation algorithms - Source images - Target images - Water-shed algorithm - Watershed methods - Watershed segmentation
Classification code:723.1 Computer Programming - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 741.1 Light/Optics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20122615179290
Title:Research on nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and precision fertilizing model for flue-cured tobacco
Authors:Wang, Wei (1); Chen, Jianjun (1); L&#252;, Yonghua (2); Li, Maojun (3); He, Guangsheng (2); Guo, Hongyan (3); Cao, Ning (1); Deng, Shiyuan (1); Wang, Jun (2); Wang, Xiaojian (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Tobacco Laboratory, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Guangdong Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Guangzhou 510610, China; (3) Shaoguan Branch of Guangdong Tobacco Company, Shaoguan 512000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, J.(chenjianjun@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:77-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in tobacco production is well known to increased yield. However, low fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency (FNUE) and inferior quality of cured-tobacco leaves is a serious problem in tobacco production in China. According to this problem, taking variety K326 as study object, field experiments were conducted in production area of Shaoguan, Guangdong province from 2008 to 2010. Different N levels were designed to study the relation between SPAD value with chlorophyll contents, the change characteristics of N contents and their influences on yield and quality at different leaf orders and different detecting position. The effects of different SPAD values on yield and quality and FNUE of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by the SPAD-based N-treatment. The results showed that, the third fully-expanded leaf from the top was more suitable for SPAD detection, which could obtain good relativity of SPAD with chlorophyll content and N content. The greater yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were gained with SPAD value from 38.3 to 47.2 at root extending stage and fast growing stage. In the SPAS-based N-treatment, the high yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco could be achieved when the SPAD threshold was designed within 40.5-43 (N rate was 75-110 kg/hm²), and were 2844.09 kg/hm² and 26989.24 yuan/hm² respectively. Moreover, compared to the conventional application of fertilizer by farmer, the fertilizer-N agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency were increased by 53.0% and 46.5% respectively, and the output value increased by 7.4% when SPAD value was 43 in the SPAS-based N-treatment (N rate was 110 kg/hm²). The starch, total nitrogen, tobacco nicotine contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves were decreased significantly. When compared to the conventional application of fertilizer by farmer, the chemical components and intrinsic quality in flue-cured tobacco were also improved under real-time nitrogen management.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Tobacco
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Chlorophyll - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nutrition
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical component - Chlorophyll contents - Field experiment - Flue-cured tobacco - Guangdong Province - High yield - Inferior quality - N content - Nicotine content - Nitrogen management  - Nitrogen nutrition - Nutrition diagnosis - Output values - Production area - Recovery efficiency - SPAD - Tobacco production - Total nitrogen - Use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20122615179312
Title:Oxygenation effect of wave aerator on shrimp culture
Authors:Guan, Chongwu (1); Liu, Huang (1); Song, Hongqiao (1); Zhang, Chenglin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
Corresponding author:Liu, H.(liuhuang@fmiri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:208-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Dissolved oxygen is necessary for growth and metabolism of shrimps. In order to find a more efficient aeration way for intensive shrimp farming, the effects of different aeration methods using one 0.75 kW wave aerator and one 0.75 kW paddlewheel aerator under different weather conditions were compared. The experiment was conducted in a concrete pond with film bottom, with Litopenaeus vannamei culture density of 10000 kg/hm². The results showed that under fine weather conditions, the aeration effect of wave aerator was better than paddlewheel aerator, which could make the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture pond higher to 1.24 mg/L. However, in the rainy days or at night, the difference was not very obvious. Therefore, for commercial intensive shrimp farming, it is suggested to use wave aerator combined with other aeration method to ensure the dissolved oxygen demand.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Shellfish
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Dissolved oxygen - Lakes - Meteorology - Oxygenation - Water aeration
Uncontrolled terms:Aeration effect - Aeration methods - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Litopenaeus - Paddle wheels - Rainy days - Shrimp - Shrimp culture - Shrimp farming - Weather conditions
Classification code:407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 443 Meteorology - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 461.9 Biology - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20122615179305
Title:Pilot process and combustion characteristics of sludge-straw derived solid biofuel
Authors:Zhao, Peitao (1); Ge, Shifu (1); Zhang, Changfei (1); Li, Yang (1); Yan, Weiwei (1); Chen, Zhenqian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Corresponding author:Ge, S.(ge1962@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:165-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To realize the harmless treatment and recycling of sludge, the influences of operation conditions (the ratio of Fe³ to Ca², dewatering time and size of straws) on physical properties of sludge-straw derived solid biofuel were experimentally studied on a pilot experimental device with a capacity of 24 t/d. The results showed that the optimal ratio of Fe³ to Ca² and dewatering time were 1:4~1:2 and 6 h respectively, and there was a dewatering limit for chemical conditioning to produce sludge-straw derived fuel. The values of moisture content was about 40%~50% under the condition that the dewatering pressure and ratio of sludge to straw were 1.2 MPa and 10:1 respectively. The biofuel produced with longer straw had lower moisture content. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the biofuel had good combustion performance with low ignition point (about 500 K), narrow range of combustion temperature, and could be used as substituted fuel. This study can provide theoretical and practical references for realizing the recycling and innocuous treatment of sewage sludge cost-effectively.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Waste incineration
Controlled terms:Biofuels - Combustion - Dewatering - Ignition - Moisture determination - Recycling - Sewage sludge - Sludge disposal - Straw - Thermogravimetric analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical conditioning - Combustion characteristics - Combustion performance - Combustion temperatures - Dewatering pressure - Experimental devices - Ignition points - Operation conditions - Solid bio-fuels - Solid fuels
Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801 Chemistry - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 524 Solid Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 523 Liquid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20122615179314
Title:Chinese rangeland CSCS classification based on optimal simulation for spatial distribution of meteorological factors
Authors:Liu, Xiaoni (1); Guo, Jing (1); Ren, Zhengchao (1); Hu, Zizhi (1); Chen, Quangong (4); Zhang, Degang (1); Zhu, Huazhong (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology System, Lanzhou 730070, China; (2) Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China; (3) College of Economics and Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (4) College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (5) Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author:Liu, X.(liuxiaoni4035@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:222-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System of Rangeland (CSCS) and ArcGIS platform, an improved interpolation method named analytic method based on multiple regression and residues (AMMRR), and 3 traditional interpolation methods, in conjunction with 1 km resolution DEM and meteorological data from 1961 to 2004 in China as main data sources, were applied in simulating the spatial distribution pattern of annual accumulative temperature (&gt;0&deg;C &sum;&theta;) and annual precipitation (r), and carrying out classification for Chinese rangeland with AMMRR after the comparison among 4 interpolation methods. The results showed that: 1) The correlation coefficients between simulative and observational value of &sum;&theta; and r were 0.976 and 0.974 with highly significant correlation (p&lt;0.01) based on AMMRR, respectively. Its relative mean error (RME), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were entirely lower than traditional interpolation methods. 2) AMMRR method can remedy the shortcoming and heterogeneous distribution of meteorological stations, and fully reflect the vertical variation of meteorological factors in the regions of big net height via modifying residual errors between observational and simulative value and implementing multiple regression among meteorological factors and longitude, latitude, elevation. In the region with densely meteorological stations, the simulative effects of 4 simulative methods were highly agreement with each other, and the spatial distribution pattern of &sum;&theta; and r were similar with their actual geographical conditions. Compared to the region of sparsely and heterogeneously meteorological stations, only AMMRR method with ideal interpolation effect can reflect the spatial heterogeneity of topography on the spatial distribution pattern of &sum;&theta; and r in the small scale regions. 3) Associate with CSCS, Chinese rangeland could be classified into 41 classes exception of Tropical-extrarid tropical desert (VII A7). Subsequently Tropical-perhumid rain forest (VII F42), Sub-tropical perhumid evergreen broad leaved forest (VI F41), Warm-perhumid deciduous-evergreen broad leaved forest (V F40), Warm temperate perhumid deciduous broad leaved forest (IV F39) and Cool temperate perhumid mixed coniferous broad leaved forest (III F38), Cool temperate-humid forest steppe, deciduous broad leaved forest (III E31), Cool temperate-subhumid meadow steppe (III D24), Cool temperate semiarid temperate typical steppe (III C17) distributed with the decreasing &sum;&theta; and r from south to north and from east to west, which indicated significantly zonality patterns.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Computer simulation - Geographic information systems - Interpolation - Meteorology - Spatial distribution - Tropics
Uncontrolled terms:AMMRR - Analytic method - Annual precipitation - Broad-leaved forests - Classification system - Correlation coefficient - CSCS - Data source - Evergreen broad-leaved forests - Geographical conditions  - Grassland - Heterogeneous distributions - Interpolation method - Mean absolute error - Mean errors - Meteorological data - Meteorological factors - Meteorological station - Multiple regressions - Rain forests  - Residual error - Root-mean-square errors - Small scale - South-to-North - Spatial distribution patterns - Spatial heterogeneity - Vertical variation
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.3 Database Systems - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20122615179324
Title:Preparation and properties of wheat straw fibers for composites
Authors:Pan, Gangwei (1); Hou, Xiuliang (1); Zhu, Shu (1); Wang, Nan (1); Zhao, Zhan (1); Huang, Dan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Corresponding author:Hou, X.(houxiuliang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:287-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to make effective utilization of wheat straw and reduce environment pollution from the burning of wheat straw, this paper investigated the pretreatment method with the dilute alkali for wheat straw as raw material in composites. The effects of the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, liquid-solid ratio, processing temperature and time on the weight loss rate of wheat straw were studied. The mechanical properties, surface structures and contact angles of the treated wheat straws were tested. The results showed that the optimized processing parameters with dilute alkali were as follow: liquid-solid ratio was 30, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was 4%, processing temperature was 100&deg;C and processing time was 60 min. The mechanical properties of wheat straw fibers prepared with above processing parameters had no significant changes. Compared with untreated wheat straw, the inner and outer surface structures of the treated wheat straws were looser, their specific surface area increased and contact angle decreased. The above structure changes would improve the infiltration property of polylactic acid to the wheat straw fibers and the interfacial bondability. The research can provide a reference for further research on new eco-friendly composites based on wheat straw fibers and polylactic acid.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Fibers
Controlled terms:Composite materials - Contact angle - Liquids - Mechanical properties - Microstructure - Sodium - Straw - Surface structure - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Alkali treatment - Bondability - Eco-friendly - Environment pollution - Liquid solids - Poly lactic acid - Preparation and properties - Pretreatment methods - Processing parameters - Processing temperature  - Processing time - Sodium hydroxide solutions - Structure change - Weight loss rates - Wheat straw fibers - Wheat straws
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 951 Materials Science - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 415 Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.047
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20122615179288
Title:Design and experiment on carrot micro-comminution cutters
Authors:Gong, Yuanjuan (1); Tong, Linlin (1); Qin, Junwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Corresponding author:Gong, Y.(yuanjuangong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:64-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the smashing efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of the micro-comminution muller for carrot, based on the mechanical properties of dried carrot, the better smashing method, the shearing grinding method was determined with carrot piece moisture content of 5%. Based on above research, three kinds of smashing cutters (the single edge smashing cutter, the double edge smashing cutter and the teeth-formula smashing cutter) were designed. The stress analysis of material and the smashing cutters showed that the biggest stress was smaller than the yield stress, and the cutters worked stable and was not easily ruptured. The smashing cutter type, the rotor speed and the cutter bottom gap were taken as influence factors, and the energy consumption per unit powder output was taken as experimental target. The test results indicated that the energy consumption per unit powder output comminuted by the teeth-formula smashing cutter was the highest, followed by the double edge smashing cutter and single edge smashing cutter. The optimum technique and parameters of the micro-comminution for carrot were that using teeth-formula smashing cutter, the rotor speed was 1455 r/min, the cutter bottom gap was 7 mm, under which the maxmum output per unit energy consumption could obtained with 120 mesh carrot powder. The research can provide a reference for design of carrot micro-comminution equipment.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Grinding (comminution)
Controlled terms:Comminution - Cutting machines (mining) - Design - Energy utilization - Mechanical properties - Stress analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Carrot - Optimum technique - Per unit - Rotor speed
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 504 Mines and Mining, Metal - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20122615179287
Title:Experimental study on performance of double-wall jet combustion system
Authors:Guo, Pengjiang (1); Gao, Xiyan (1); Yu, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Internal Combustion Engine Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Corresponding author:Gao, X.(gaoxiyan@dlut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:57-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A new "double wall jet" combustion system was designed for improving the emissions and fuel economy performance of DI diesel engine. Effects of such operating condition as structure parameters of combustion chamber and injector, speed, load and injection timing on the combustion process of "double wall jet" were investigated by experimental method. The results showed: with the increasing of engine speed, the SOC was lagged off, the peak of combustion pressure showed a trendy of increasing firstly and reducing subsequently; the transient ROHR, meaning temperature of combustion and accumulated heat release, were reduced. With the increasing of load, the SOC was advanced; the angle of peak pressure was lagged off; the peak pressure, mean temperature of combustion and accumulated heat release were increased, while the indicated thermal efficiency was reduced. At engine speed of 2100 r/min, the combustion duration of double-wall-jet combustion system was mainly affected by compression ratio at lower load, but mainly affected by the amount of pre-mixed combustion at higher load. The indicated thermal efficiency was mainly affected by compression ratio and fuel film of the wall of combustion chamber. Emission of NOx and smoke were affected by the amount of pre-mixed combustion and injection through. The static fuel supply timing was increased to 18&deg;CA BTDC, which leads to 0.21 BSU smoke emission at the operating point of rate power and maximum torque.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Jets
Controlled terms:Combustion - Combustion chambers - Compression ratio (machinery) - Diesel engines - Emission control - Fuel economy - Fuel systems - Ignition - Nitrogen oxides
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion duration - Combustion pressure - Combustion pro-cess - Combustion systems - DI diesel engine - Double wall - Economy performance - Emission of NOx - Engine speed - Experimental methods  - Experimental studies - Fuel film - Fuel supply - Heat release - Higher loads - Indicated thermal efficiency - Injection timing - Maximum torque - Mean temperature - NOx  - Operating condition - Operating points - Peak pressure - Smoke Emission - Structure parameter
Classification code:804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 451.2 Air Pollution Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 41>

Accession number:20122615179302
Title:Pork color grading based on LLE manifold learning and support vector machine
Authors:Jia, Yuan (1); Li, Zhenjiang (1); Peng, Zengqi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (2) College of Food Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Jia, Y.(jiayanli1225@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:147-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Pork color grading is an important task of nondestructive detection of meat quality. With analyzing the color feature of pork image and combining its color component value of red, green and blue and its luminance and saturation values converted by RGB color format, a new color feature value was created for the purpose of better expression of pork color. Then, 1070 collected pork samples were graded and marked by experts, and the color feature values of each pork image with special grade mark was obtained after image processing. A series of experiments were conducted to test the pork color grading accuracy rate based on support vector machine. The results showed that along with the increment of training sample number, the pork color grading accuracy rate increased. When all samples were selected as training set, the accuracy reached up to 96.5%. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of SVM (about 37%), locally liner embedding (LLE), a manifold learning method, was applied to reduce or increase the dimensions of pork color feature. The results showed that the prediction accuracy rate of the grading procedure based on LLE and SVM was nearly twice as high as that of the procedure only relying on SVM. Hence, combining the LLE manifold learning method and SVM, pork color grading accuracy will be improved. This method can provide a reference for study and application of nondestructive detection of pork quality.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Color
Controlled terms:Computer vision - Grading - Meats - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy rate - Color component - Color features - Color grading - Locally liner embedding - Manifold learning - Meat quality - Nondestructive detection - Prediction accuracy - Red , green and blues  - Saturation values - Study and applications - Training sample - Training sets
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 42>

Accession number:20122615179283
Title:Characteristics analysis of high-speed trapped-oil in external gear pump based on low-speed trapped-oil model
Authors:Li, Yulong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Industrial Manufacturing College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.(leo-world@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:35-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To better predict the degree of trapping oil in external gear pump under high-speed, and the influence of high speed centrifugal effect on the trapped oil, the static and dynamic models used for trapped oil pressure simulation were reviewed. The iterative operation based on Runge-Kutta method was used for simulation on trapped oil pressure and gear vibration in a trapped oil cycle under higher speed, and the coupling of both trapped oil pressure and gear dynamics was analyzed. The results showed that trapped oil pressure was severe under higher speed. The greater the trapped oil pressure, the more intense the gear vibration. The effect of high-speed centrifugation to alleviate trapped oil pressure was significant. The combined unloading effect of unloading relief and backlash could reduce trapped oil pressure, and innovative structure design of unloading relief might be necessary to reduce trapped oil pressure and slow down gear vibration. The research can provide a theoretical guidance for development of higher speed external gear pumps.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Pressure effects
Controlled terms:Centrifugation - Dynamic analysis - Gear pumps - Models - Runge Kutta methods - Speed - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Centrifugal effect - Characteristics analysis - External gear pumps - Gear dynamics - Gear vibration - High-speed - Innovative structures - Iterative operation - Oil pressures - Static and dynamic  - Trapped oil
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 618.2 Pumps - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 43>

Accession number:20122615179323
Title:Extraction of Chinese fir wood oil and refinement of pyroligneous oil
Authors:Zhu, Kai (1); Cao, Shaoyuan (2); Chen, Ke (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (2) Forestry Department of Dexing, Dexing 334200, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, K.(zhukai53@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:282-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the steam distillation method, high quality of Chinese fir oil could be obtained, but low yield of 1.7%. With the retorting method, yield of the crude pyroligneous oil was as high as 9.6%, but its quality was poor and the oil could not be directly used in the perfumery.In order to improve the quality and yield of Chinese fir oil, the Chinese fir oil was extracted from Chinese fir root by the steam distilling and retorting methods. The purification process of the crude pyroligneous oil was also studied, which focusing on the radical substitution reaction in the presence of the peroxide and the fatty alcohol and the influence of the reacting condition on the smell of the pyrolysis oil, and suitable technological conditions of reaction temperature and time (140&deg;C and 1 h) were obtained. The chemical constituents and relative contents of the steam distillation oil, the crude pyroligneous oil and the refined pyroligneous essential oil were characterized by GC-MS with 26, 50 and 34 compounds respectively. Among all of the chemical constituents, the main components contained &alpha;-Cedrene, &beta;-Cedrene, Cedro, Thujopsene, etc., which were the characteristic aroma constituent for cedarwood oil. The composition among the crude pyroligneous oil was complex, and many carboxylic acids, phenols and &alpha;, &beta;-unsaturated carbonyl compounds which influenced the the pyroligneous oil aroma were removed by refining process. The result showed that the refined pyroligneous essential oil had light color, soft wood and tree fragrance, which may be used as a perfume raw material in the perfume industry.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Petroleum refining
Controlled terms:Alcohols - Carboxylic acids - Chemical compounds - Distillation - Essential oils - Free radical polymerization - Phenols - Refining - Substitution reactions
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical constituents - Chinese fir - Fatty alcohols - High quality - Light color - Low-yield - Purification process - Pyroligneous oil - Pyrolysis oil - Reaction temperature  - Refining process - Steam distillation - Technological conditions - Unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Classification code:513.1 Petroleum Refining, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.2 Polymerization
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 44>

Accession number:20122615179299
Title:Development of mobile soil moisture monitoring system integrated with GPRS, GPS and ZigBee
Authors:Deng, Xiaolei (1); Li, Minzan (1); Wu, Jia (1); Che, Yanshuang (1); Zheng, Lihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, M.(limz@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:130-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to real-time measure, process, visualize and upload soil moisture data, a mobile soil moisture monitoring system was developed. The system consisted of a PDA integrated with ZigBee coordinator, GPS module, GPRS module and mobile soil moisture sensor nodes based on ZigBee. The ZigBee module is mainly used for wireless communication between PDA and mobile sensor nodes, so that the PDA is able to obtain sensor information, and control the sensor's power supply. The GPS module is used to obtain latitude and longitude information so that the spatial map of the field soil moisture can be drawn. The GPRS module is used to upload the binding information of the node number, latitude and longitude information, soil moisture information to the remote PC through TCP/IP protocol. The data can be stored in the PDA or upload to the website. It has good portability and visibility.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Global positioning system - Microwave measurement - Monitoring - Sensor nodes - Sensors - Wireless telecommunication systems - Zigbee
Uncontrolled terms:GPRS - GPRS module - Mobile sensor node - Monitoring system - Node number - Power supply - Precision irrigation - Remote PC - Sensor informations - Soil moisture monitoring  - Soil moisture sensors - TCP/IP protocol - Wireless communications - Zigbee coordinators
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 801 Chemistry - 722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 45>

Accession number:20122615179285
Title:Analysis on vibration reduction characteristics of viscoelastic suspension system based on nonlinear behavior
Authors:Zhang, Xin (1); Sun, Dagang (1); Song, Yong (1); Yan, Bijuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Mechanical Instrumental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Corresponding author:Sun, D.(sundgbox@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:47-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To study the vibration reduction charaterstics of viscoelastic suspension system of crawler-type vehicle, the model of suspension system was built for two-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear osciliation according to its structural feature and nonlinear behavior. The approximate analytic solution of movement system was derived using the averaging method in the natuaral frequency section. Taking a 300 kW tracked tractor mounted with viscoelastic suspensions for instance, the nonlinear resonance characteristics and the performance of vibration damping reduction were investigated in the natuaral frequency section of vehicle system. The relationship between the nonlinear resonance charaterstics and system parameters, including the excitation amplitude, the stiffness and damping coefficients of viscoelastic suspension, the ground stiffness and the mass of vehicle body and suspension, were numerically analyzed. And the suggestion were given to improve the performance of vibration reduction. The model and analysis method are applicable to the matching design and optimization of viscoelastic suspension system.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Suspensions (components)
Controlled terms:Automobile suspensions - Damping - Stiffness - Suspensions (fluids) - Vehicles - Vibration control - Viscoelasticity
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis method - Approximate analytic solutions - Averaging method - Damping coefficients - Design and optimization - Excitation amplitudes - Ground stiffness - Nonlinear - Nonlinear behavior - Nonlinear resonance  - Structural feature - Suspension system - Vehicle body - Vehicle system - Vibration reductions - Vibration-damping
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.1 Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 632.1 Hydraulics - 601.2 Machine Components - 432 Highway Transportation - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 46>

Accession number:20122615179296
Title:Apple stem/calyx and defect discrimination using DT-CWT and LS-SVM
Authors:Song, Yihuan (1); Rao, Xiuqin (1); Ying, Yibin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Corresponding author:Rao, X.(xqrao@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:114-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This paper proposed a method for apple stem/calyx and defects discrimination by integrating the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) and Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) method. The DT-CWT was used to decompose the apple images, and the feature vectors were generated by computing mean and standard deviation from the coefficients of individual wavelet subbands and the LS-SVM was used for classification. 85 apple images were tested, in which there were 25 stem and calyx images respectively and 35 defect images. Moreover, the influence of the DT-CWT decomposition levels on the classification rate was analyzed. The result showed that with 3-level DT-CWT the best classification result could be obtained, and an overall detection rate of 97.1% was achieved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Computer vision - Defects - Feature extraction - Forestry - Fruits
Uncontrolled terms:3 levels - Apple - Classification rates - Classification results - Decomposition level - Defect images - Detection rates - Dual-tree complex wavelet transform - Feature vectors - Least squares support vector machines  - Standard deviation - Wavelet subbands
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 723.5 Computer Applications - 951 Materials Science - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 47>

Accession number:20122615179280
Title:Design and characteristics analysis of variable spraying control system for knapsack sprayer
Authors:Liu, Wei (1); Wang, Xiaochan (1); Ding, Weimin (1); Qiu, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing 210031, China
Corresponding author:Wang, X.(wangxiaochan@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:28
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2012
Publication year:2012
Pages:16-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize variable-rate spraying of knapsack sprayer, frequency of 8 kHz square wave and adjustable duty ratio were evaluated to control micro electric diaphragm pump. By changing the on and off time of DC Motor, the application rates of knapsack sprayer based on the PWM could be controlled, and the spray characteristics were analyzed also. Results showed that the volume of spraying increased with increasing of the duty ratio, but the rate of volume decreased gradually, and the maximum and minimum volumes of spraying were 1.13 and 0.66 L/min respectively. With the increase of duty ratio and spraying volume, spraying area spread to both sides and the spray angle increased gently, and the lowest and the highest value were 41.53&deg; and 61.78&deg; respectively. The diameter of spray droplets were between 100 and 135 &mu;m, and decreased with increasing of duty ratio. The droplets velocity increased with increasing of the duty ratio, and the velocity in the middle was higher than that in both sides obviously. The variable-rate spraying control system is stable which can be effectively applied to agricultural production.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Optical pumping
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Control equipment - Control systems - DC motors - Design - Diaphragms - Drops - Pulse width modulation - Spraying
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Application rates - Characteristics analysis - Diaphragm pumps - Duty ratios - Knapsack - OFF time - Spray angle - Spray characteristics - Spray droplet  - Square waves - Variable-rate spraying
Classification code:813.1 Coating Techniques - 741.1 Light/Optics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 601.2 Machine Components - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 408 Structural Design - 705.3.2 DC Motors
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.09.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc.