<RECORD 1> Accession number:20120314688936 Title:Mathematical model and influencing factors analysis for windrow quality of 4SY-2 rape windrower Authors:Jin, Chengqian (1); Yin, Wenqing (2); Wu, Chongyou (2) Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China Corresponding author:Yin, W. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:45-48 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The rape windrower was a dynamic system that including many input and output variables. Windrow quality mathematical model was used to describe the correlation of windrowing and transporting. An analysis on the relationship of biological morphology, the maturity when rape windrowing, the structure parameters of transporting mechanism and windrowing mechanism were given. The effect degree of exhaust straw port on windrow quality during the winding was analyzed. The correlations of windrow quality with the velocity of machine moving, transportin device parameter and exhaust straw port parameters were made. The results of field test showed that rape in the height of 1.3-1.7 meters, and in the yellow ripe stage was much suitable for cutting. The ratio of reel pad peripheral speed and machine moving speed should be chosen in the range of 1.1-1.5. The ratio of conveyor belt speed and machine moving speed should be chosen in the range of 3.2-5.0. The working rhythm and speed of stalk on the conveyor belt controlled by the transverse stir device must be coordination with transporting speed of the conveyor belt. Under those conditions that mentioned above, the windrower could get the total loss of windrowing was less than 1%, the windrowing angle of rape stalk was less than 30°, the windrowing angle difference was less than 15°, and the windrowing quality could meet the requirements of the agronomy. Number of references:16 Main heading:Mathematical models Controlled terms:Agriculture - Belt conveyors - Factorization - Harvesting - Machine tools - Mathematical morphology - Quality control - Speed Uncontrolled terms:Angle difference - Conveyor belts - Device parameters - Field test - Influencing factors analysis - Input and outputs - Machine moving - Peripheral speed - Rape windrower - Ripe stage - Structure parameter - Total loss Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 692.1 Conveyors - 603.1 Machine Tools, General Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 2> Accession number:20120314688354 Title:Experiment on aerodynamic characteristics of threshed mixtures of peanut shelling machine Authors:Gao, Lianxing (1); Zhang, Wen (1); Du, Xin (1); Liu, Xin (1); Yang, Jing (1); Liu, Mingguo (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (2) Liaoning Province Farm Machinery Quality Supervise Administration, Shenyang 110034, China Corresponding author:Gao, L.(lianxing_gao@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:289-292 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to design pneumatic classifier and pneumatic conveying equipment of peanut sheller, based on main peanut varieties which were planted in Liaoning province as the research object, aerodynamic characteristics of shelled peanut mixtures were tested and floating coefficients of broken peanut pod, no-shelled and smaller peanut pod, peanut kernel, peanut shells and small stone were separately gotten for 0.168-0.246, 0.102-0.146, 0.080-0.186, 3.287-6.037, 0.031-0.045 m<sup>-1</sup>. The results showed that: the floating speeds of broken peanut pod, no-shelled and smaller peanut pod, peanut kernel, peanut shells and small stone were obviously different and more suitable for air separation. The test conclusion has important significant for improvement of pneumatic classifier and pneumatic conveying equipment of peanut sheller. Number of references:13 Main heading:Oilseeds Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Agriculture - Classifiers - Design - Mixtures - Pneumatic conveyors - Pneumatics Uncontrolled terms:Aerodynamic characteristics - Air separation - Liaoning Province - Peanut - Peanut shells - Pneumatic conveying - Research object - Sheller Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 632.3 Pneumatics - 408 Structural Design - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.050 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 3> Accession number:20120314688348 Title:Effects of low temperature liquid nitrogen on quality of green tea grinding Authors:Du, Bing (1); Jiao, Yanli (1); Jiang, Dongwen (2); Fan, Yuanyuan (1); Liu, Jiangtao (1); Yang, Gongming (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Nanhai Standardized Research and Promoting Center, Nanhai 528200, China; (3) Shunde Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shunde 528303, China; (4) Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510230, China Corresponding author:Yang, G.(ygm@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:256-261 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce the loss of thermal sensitive materials, a new method to grind green tea with low temperature liquid nitrogen was studied. Liquid nitrogen was added in the pulverizing green tea which as the research object in this study. The qualities of green tea pulverized by the liquid nitrogen pulverizing and conventional crushing method were compared. The results showed that, compared with the traditional crushing, the rate of powder pulverized with liquid nitrogen was higher and the qualities of color, taste and sense of the tea were higher. The hydrosoluble materials including the tea polyphenol, caffeine, the free amino acids, soluble protein, soluble sugar contents were respectively improved by 25.12%, 10.12%, 9.50%, 6.75%, 12.63%, 9.05% after liquid nitrogen pulverizing. GC-MS analysis showed that the most aroma compositions of tea powder processed by the two kinds of crashing method were almost the same, but the contents of farnesene, nerolidol, 1H-indole, hexanoicacid-3-hexene ester, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6-Pentamethyl heptanes, amygdalin and 3-methyl butyric acid/2-methyl propyl ester were higher by 10.88%, 13.70%, 14.06%, 5.61%, 2.08%, 24.39%, 5.68% respectively for the liquid nitrogen pulverizing. This study results indicate that grinding with liquid nitrogen can maintain good quality of tea, and can provide a reference for green tea processing with liquid nitrogen pulverizing. Number of references:27 Main heading:Liquid sugar Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Amino acids - Crushing - Esterification - Esters - Fatty acids - Grinding (machining) - Liquid nitrogen - Nitrogen - Solvent extraction - Sugars Uncontrolled terms:Aroma compositions - Farnesene - Free amino acids - GC-MS analysis - Green tea - Lab value - Low temperatures - Nerolidol - Polyphenols - Propyl esters - Research object - Soluble proteins - Soluble sugars - Tea powder - Thermal sensitive material Classification code:606.2 Abrasive Devices and Processes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.044 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 4> Accession number:20120314688317 Title:Temporal-spatial variations of reference crop evapotranspiration in eastern plateau agricultural region of Qinghai province Authors:Yu, Dongping (1); Zhang, Xin (1); He, Yi (2); Shi, Xin (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, North Agriculture and Forestry University, Yang Ling 712100, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yang Ling 712100, China Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(zhxin@nwsuaf.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:66-71 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to determine reasonable crop irrigation system under changing climate in the eastern plateau agricultural region of Qinghai province, reference crop evapotranspiration was analyzed through temporal-spatial variations. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai province from 1960 to 2006 was calculated by Penman-Monteith formula based on meteorological data of twelve meteorological observation stations. The Temporal-spatial variations of ET<inf>0</inf> were analyzed by the methods of Morlet wavelet analysis, Mann-Kendall test and GIS technology. The results showed that the regional average ET<inf>0</inf> appeared a trend of "marked-decrease" temporally. The abrupt change of ET<inf>0</inf> happened in 1974 approximately. The temporal variability of regional average ET<inf>0</inf> had a quasi-periodicity of about 25 years, which experienced three alternating stages (high &rarr low &rarr high). Spatially, there was a marked geographical difference in ET<inf>0</inf>, which decreased from the Southeast to the Northwest. The ET<inf>0</inf> distribution in summer influenced the distribution of the ET<inf>0</inf> throughout the year. Sunshine hours and wind speed were the main meteorological factors which affect the ET<inf>0</inf> most. The ET<inf>0</inf> was negatively interrelated with the altitude of the area, which also caused significant differences of the ET<inf>0</inf> in different areas. Number of references:18 Main heading:Evapotranspiration Controlled terms:Agriculture - Climate change - Crops - Geographic information systems - Meteorology - Water supply - Wavelet analysis Uncontrolled terms:Changing climate - Crop evapotranspiration - GIS technology - Irrigation systems - Mann-Kendall test - Meteorological data - Meteorological factors - Meteorological observation stations - Penman-Monteith formula - Qinghai Province - Quasi-periodicities - Sunshine Hour - Temporal variability - Temporal-spatial characteristics - Wind speed Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723.3 Database Systems - 921 Mathematics - 451 Air Pollution - 444.1 Surface Water - 443 Meteorology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.013 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 5> Accession number:20120314688320 Title:Comprehensive evaluation of regulated deficit irrigation using projection pursuit model based on improved double chains quantum genetic algorithm Authors:Wang, Bai (1); Zhang, Zhongxue (1); Li, Fanghua (2); Sun, Yanling (2); Ding, Hong (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Institute, Harbin 150080, China Corresponding author:Zhang, Z.(zhangzhongxue@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:84-89 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Due to the incompatibility of irrigation results for single evaluation index and difficulty in evaluating the comprehensive benefit objectively during the process of optimization choice of irrigation schemes, the project pursuit model based on improved double chains quantum genetic algorithm was proposed and applied to the comprehensive evaluation of regulated deficit irrigation. Double chains quantum genetic algorithm was introduced to optimize the projection index function and seek the optimum projection vector, and it was improved by selecting out quantum chromosomes in the search space through the vector distance concentration, gradually optimizing and compressing the search space during the process of evolution. The improved projection pursuit model was applied to comprehensively evaluate deficit irrigation schemes for maize. The results showed that maintaining the level of water deficit 50%-60% of the field capacity at the seedling stage of maize was the best irrigation scheme. Compared with the normal irrigation treatment, the yield was increased by 6.4% and the water use efficiency was increased by 10.8%. Both the global search capability and optimization efficiency of the improved projection pursuit model were significantly improved. Number of references:19 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Algorithms - Chains - Genetic algorithms - Models - Optimization - Plants (botany) - Vector spaces - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive benefit - Comprehensive evaluation - Deficit irrigation - Double chain - Evaluation index - Field capacity - Global search capability - Irrigation schemes - Irrigation treatments - Model-based OPC - Optimization efficiency - Process of evolution - Projection indices - Projection pursuits - Projection vectors - Quantum chromosomes - Quantum genetic algorithm - Real-coding - Regulated deficit irrigation - Search spaces - Vector distance - Water deficits - Water use efficiency Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 461.9 Biology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.016 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 6> Accession number:20120314688344 Title:Consolidation area delimitation for supplemental prime farmland based on GIS and combined quality assessment model Authors:Tu, Jianjun (1); Lu, Debin (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Corresponding author:Tu, J.(tujianjun81@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:234-238 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The Consolidation Area for Supplemental Prime Farmland (CASPF) is a new concept in the current round of revising general land use planning, which is the concentrated cultivated land area where ordinary farmland can be adjusted to and can supplement basic farmland during the implementation of land use planning. Delimitation of the CASPF is very important for achieving the goal of protecting prime farmland. According to the features of CASPF, this paper established a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for choosing ordinary farmland as CASPF, which consists of 16 indicators. Considering the multiple requirements of quality, quantity and space distribution for basic farmland delimitation as CASPF, there are two steps in the ordinary farmland screening procedure, namely sorting and selecting the farmland plots by their quality order and locating the selected plots. In this study, according to the characteristics of these two steps, GIS technology was used to extract the quality data of farmland plots, and Fuzzy Optimization Model and Hierarchical Attribute Model were used in the screening of candidate plots for prime farmland. The average values of plots evaluation results calculated with the two models were taken as the basis for quality ordering. Finally, taking Meijiang town, Xiushan county, Chongqing city as examples, the specific locations of CASPF were determined with the help of GIS spatial analysis function. This combined assessment model can avoid the limitations of single evaluation method and obtain more scientific results. Number of references:19 Main heading:Farms Controlled terms:Geographic information systems - Land use - Models - Quality control Uncontrolled terms:Assessment models - Average values - Chongqing cities - Comprehensive evaluation - Cultivated lands - Evaluation Method - Evaluation results - Fuzzy optimization model - GIS technology - Land Use Planning - Prime farmland - Quality assessment model - Quality data - Scientific results - Screening procedures - Space distribution - Spatial analysis - Specific location Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723.3 Database Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.040 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 7> Accession number:20120314688318 Title:Characteristics of rice leaf photosynthetic light response curve with different water and nitrogen regulation Authors:Xu, Junzeng (1); Peng, Shizhang (1); Wei, Zheng (2); Hou, Huijing (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China Corresponding author:Peng, S.(szpeng@hhu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:72-76 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reveal the influence of soil moisture and nitrogen regulation on characteristics of rice leaf photosynthetic light response pots experiments were carried out. Leaf photosynthetic light response curves were measured in later tillering stage and booting-jointing stages, under different soil moisture conditions with two nitrogen levels. With soil moisture depletion, photosynthetic light response curves reduced, especially when the photosynthetic photon flux density was higher than 400 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup> · s). Parameters derived from photosynthetic light response model indicated maximum photosynthesis rate P<inf>nmax</inf> and light saturation points LSP reduced with decrease in soil moisture, and recovered after rewetting. Reduced nitrogen inputs were likely aggravating the reduction in photosynthetic light response curves, P<inf>nmax</inf> and LSP. It can be concluded that water stress leads to inhibition on adaptive capacity of rice leaf photosynthesis to strong light, which would be recovered after rewetting. High nitrogen inputs, within the range of 200-300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, can be helpful to improve leaf photosynthetic light response characteristics, and enhance the recovery and compensation effects. Criteria of soil moisture regulation for rice water saving irrigation should be determined according to different nitrogen levels in rice paddy. Number of references:30 Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers Controlled terms:Forestry - Geologic models - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany) - Recovery - Soil moisture - Water conservation Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive capacity - Compensation effects - High-nitrogen - Light saturation - Moisture conditions - Moisture depletion - Nitrogen levels - Nitrogen regulation - Photosynthesis rate - Photosynthetic light - Photosynthetic photon flux densities - Re-wetting - Reduced nitrogen - Rice - Rice leaf - Rice paddy - Water stress - Water-saving irrigation Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 741.1 Light/Optics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 461.9 Biology - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.014 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 8> Accession number:20120314688315 Title:Design of NK-1 type movable wind erosion tunnel body Authors:Wu, Liping (1); Ji, Yaqin (1); Xu, Rangshu (3); Bai, Zhipeng (1); Jin, Taosheng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (2) Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Urban Construction Institute, Tianjin 300384, China; (3) Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China Corresponding author:Ji, Y.(jiyaqin@nankai.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:55-60 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Aimed at the study on soil wind erosion, the movable wind erosion tunnel called NK-1 was designed based on the aerodynamic theory. It is composed of inlet section, drive section, transition section, turning segment, setting chamber, contractive segment, test section and diffusion section. It's total length and height are 15900 and 2456 mm. The energy ratio is 0.41. The wind tunnel has some features which are expressed as the following aspects: the inlet lip curve is involute; there is a windward elevation angle of 20° in the turning segment; the setting chamber is embedded a steel hexagon honeycomb assembly and two steel sieves. The wind speed of the test section can be adjusted smoothly by a frequency actiyator within the speed range of 0.3-20 m/s. Divergence angle of 20° was designed for diffusion section. The fluid simulation software-Fluent 6.3 was applied to simulate static pressure and velocity distribution along longitudinal section in whole test section. The results indicate that the velocity and static pressure distribution of air current in test section can meet design requirements. Number of references:20 Main heading:Erosion Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Computer simulation - Design - Honeycomb structures - Pressure distribution - Software testing Uncontrolled terms:Aerodynamic theory - Air currents - Design requirements - Divergence angle - Elevation angle - Energy ratio - Fluid simulations - Longitudinal section - Soil wind erosion - Speed range - Static pressure - Static pressure distributions - Test sections - Total length - Wind erosions - Wind speed Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 408 Structural Design - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.011 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 9> Accession number:20120314688313 Title:Population characteristics of super high yield formation of mechanical transplanted japonica hybrid rice Authors:Zhang, Hongcheng (1); Zhao, Pinheng (2); Sun, Juying (2); Wu, Guicheng (1); Xu, Jun (1); Duan, Mu Yinxi (2); Dai, Qigen (1); Huo, Zhongyang (1); Xu, Ke (1); Wei, Haiyan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Jiangsu Engineering Technology Center for Hybrid Japonica Rice, Changshu 215500, China Corresponding author:Zhang, H.(hczhang@yzu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:39-44 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:By studying the differences of rice yield and its components, development of culm and tiller number, development of leaf area and its composition, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate in super high yield population and high yield population, the population characteristics of super high yield formation of mechanical transplanted japonica hybrid rice were illustrated as follows: 1) The enough number of total spikelets in the population (more than 50000 × 10<sup>4</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>) was resulted from enough panicle number and large panicle size, meanwhile the seed setting and the 1000-grain weight should be normal (the seed setting was above 85%; the 1000-grain weight was about 27 g). 2) The percentage of productive tiller (more than 75%) and the ratio of effective and high effective leaf area (The ratio of effective leaf area was about 95% and the ratio of high effective leaf area was more than 75% at heading stage) were increased on the basis of proper development of culm and tiller number (The expected number of panicle was achieved at critical leaf-age for productive tillers, and the max number of stems and tillers was appropriate, about 1.3 times as much as expected number of panicle ) and the leaf area index (The LAI was 7.8-8.0 in booting stage and then decreased smoothly after heading. At maturity, the LAI remained 3.0) in order to achieve the target productivity at different growth stages. (3) The dry matter weight at maturity stage (more than 20400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) was increased with focus on increasing the dry matter production and accumulation from jointing to heading (the crop growth rate was about 22.5 g/(m<sup>-2</sup> · d) and the accumulation of dry matter was more than 9000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> accounting for 45% of the total weigh of dry matter) and with increasing the dry matter production and accumulation from heading to maturity effectively (the crop growth rate was about 13.5 g/(m<sup>-2</sup> · d) and the accumulation of dry matter was more than 8000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> accounting for 45% of the total weigh of dry matter). And the super high yield would be obtained if the rules above are followed in the production of mechanical transplanted japonica hybrid rice. Number of references:22 Main heading:Population statistics Controlled terms:Agriculture - Characterization - Crops - Grain (agricultural product) - Growth rate - Transplants Uncontrolled terms:Crop growth - Dry matter accumulation - Dry matter production - Dry matters - Growth stages - High yield - Japonica hybrid rice - Leaf area - Leaf Area Index - Maturity stages - Panicle number - Panicle size - Population characteristics - Rice yield - Seed-setting - Tiller number Classification code:462.4 Prosthetics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 951 Materials Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.008 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 10> Accession number:20120314688323 Title:Effects of straw amendment fertilizers on water use efficiency, yield and quality of potato Authors:Feng, Ruiyun (1); Yang, Wude (1); Wang, Huijie (3); Nan, Jianfu (3); Zhang, Zhijun (4) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Dryland Farming Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (2) Institute of Crop Sciences, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China; (3) Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng 044000, China; (4) College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China Corresponding author:Yang, W.(sxauywd@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:100-105 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the retention capacity of soil, soil structure, and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, three types of straw amendment fertilizers made from corn, wheat and soybean straw treated with physicochemical methods and combined with poly-acrylamide (PAM) respectively were applied to potato cultivation in the field. Meanwhile, their effects on the physical properties, physiological characteristics, yield, quality and water use efficiency were studied, taking no fertilizer and single potash fertilizer for comparison. The results indicated that three types of straw amendment fertilizers all had better water preserving ability, and not only increased significantly the water content of the 0-20 cm surface soil but improved the water content of plough layer and 20-70 cm soil during the seedlings, tuber growth and starch accumulation stage. They decreased effectively the soil bulk density, raised the non-capillary porosity rate and soil porosity, at the full-bloom stage of potato, and also increased dramatically the leaf photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance and transpiration rate. Meanwhile the plant height, crown breadth area and leaf area of the potato were raised. As compared with control groups, the starch content, the rate of big and middle tuber, the potato productivity, and the utilization efficiency of water in the soil increased 12.3%-13.6%, 37.9%-42.8%, 39.3%-50.4% and 35.6%-45.4% respectively on the treatments of three fertilizers. Therefore, straw amendment fertilizers had significant effect on the soil water utilization and potato growth. This study provides theoretical basis for the extension of straw amendment fertilizers. Number of references:23 Main heading:Agricultural chemicals Controlled terms:Amides - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Porosity - Potassium fertilizers - Soil moisture - Starch - Straw - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Control groups - Leaf area - Photosynthetic rate - Physicochemical methods - Physiological characteristics - Plant height - Porosity rate - Potash fertilizer - Potato - Retention capacity - Soil bulk density - Soil Porosity - Soil structure - Soil water - Soybean straw - Starch accumulation - Starch contents - Surface soil - Theoretical basis - Transpiration rates - Utilization efficiency - Water use efficiency Classification code:913.1 Production Engineering - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.019 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 11> Accession number:20120314688328 Title:Crops planting information extraction based on multi-temporal remote sensing images Authors:Zhang, Jiankang (1); Cheng, Yanpei (1); Zhang, Fawang (1); Yue, Depeng (2); Guo, Xiaoxiao (2); Dong, Hua (1); Wang, Jiping (3); Tang, Hongcai (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Corresponding author:Cheng, Y.(yanpeicheng@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:134-141 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The multi-temporal remote sensing data were used to extract crops planting information quickly and accurately from TM/ETM remote sensing images and thirteen MODIS time series remote sensing images, together with the supervised classification and decision tree classification system to interpret major crops in the Heilonggang area. Overall, classification accuracy was up to 91.3%. Compared with one simple supervised classification of TM images, the relative errors of cotton, maize, wheat and vegetables reduced by 1.3%, 20.5%, 2.0% and 13.8% respectively. It proved that this method has high accuracy and it is a good index for the crop planting distribution. The data can provide important scientific information for the adjustment of the major crops planting structure in Heilonggang area and application references for crops classification and crop planting extraction in other area. Number of references:19 Main heading:Crops Controlled terms:Decision trees - Forestry - Image analysis - Image reconstruction - Information analysis - Information technology - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Time series - Trees (mathematics) Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Decision tree classification - EVI - Information Extraction - MODIS - Multi-temporal remote sensing - Relative errors - Remote sensing images - Scientific information - Supervised classification - TM image Classification code:944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 903 Information Science - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.024 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 12> Accession number:20120314688339 Title:Impact assessment and tolerable threshold value of CO<inf>2</inf> leakage from geological storage on agro-ecosystem Authors:Wu, Yang (1); Ma, Xin (1); Li, Yu'e (1); Wan, Yunfan (1); Zhang, Jiutian (3); Zhong, Ping (3); Jia, Li (3) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory For Agro-Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (3) The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21, Beijing 100038, China Corresponding author:Ma, X.(max@ami.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:196-205 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology plays an important role in reducing global carbon emission. However, CCS project is facing many obstacles, particularly the leakage from carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) storage sites severely threatens ground ecological systems. In this study, a manual control device was designed and constructed, on an agricultural ecological system threatened by leakage from CO<inf>2</inf> storage sites, to simulate the scenarios of geologically stored CO<inf>2</inf> leaking from underground to ground. The changes of several important parameters of an agricultural ecological system (AES) were observed and recorded so as to evaluate impacts of underground stored CO<inf>2</inf> leaking on an AES, and then to establish the tolerable threshold value. The results showed that maize growth was negatively affected under different CO<inf>2</inf> leakage amounts. In general, maize grew worse when CO<inf>2</inf> leaking flux increased. For example, seedling of maize was severely hampered, both plant height and leaf amount decreased with increasing of CO<inf>2</inf> leaking flux. Biomass for both underground and above ground with CO<inf>2</inf> leaking was significantly less than that of control, photosynthesis of maize was affected, and soil pH value droped. As a result, the tolerable threshold value of CO<inf>2</inf> leakage from geologically stored sites is 500-2000 g/(m<sup>2</sup> · d). Number of references:44 Main heading:Carbon dioxide Controlled terms:Carbon - Ecosystems - Geology - pH - Rating Uncontrolled terms:Agro ecosystems - Carbon capture and storage - Impact assessments - pH value - Tolerable threshold value Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 902.2 Codes and Standards DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.035 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 13> Accession number:20120314688308 Title:Experiment on reciprocating cutting of eulaliopsis binata stem Authors:Luo, Haifeng (1); Tang, Chuzhou (1); Zou, Dongsheng (3); Li, Shunchun (4); Wu, Wangang (3); Zou, Yunmei (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha 410128, China; (3) College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (4) Eulaliopsis Binata Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hengyang 421000, China Corresponding author:Tang, C.(chzhtang2002@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:13-17 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the problems of harvesting eulaliopsis binata by reciprocating cutter, the single factor test was carried out with the stem of eulaliopsis binata, which include the factors of cutting gap, cutting speed, cutting blade combination, the position and the number of stem cutting etc. Factors and levels of the orthogonal experiment were selected based on the single-factor test, then the stem maximum shear force orthogonal experiment was carried out. The results showed that the cutting gap and the cutting blade combination had greater effect on the shear force, while the cutting speed had less effect. Finally the field comparison tests were completed between the helical tooth-helical smoothing tool combination and the helical smoothing tool-helical smoothing tool traditional combination. The results showed that the helical tooth-helical smoothing tool combination increased 23% cuting rate and reduced 94% wrapping grass rate, which greatly improved the operation quality and efficiency of the eulaliopsis binata cutting.The results indicated that the helical tooth-helical smoothing tool combination for eulaliopsis binata harvest was feasible. Number of references:15 Main heading:Experiments Controlled terms:Cutting - Shear flow - Shear stress - Tensile strength Uncontrolled terms:Comparison test - Cutting blades - Cutting speed - Eulaliopsis binata - Maximum shears - Operation quality - Orthogonal experiment - Shear force - Stem cuttings Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.003 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 14> Accession number:20120314688325 Title:Quantitative remote sensing of water deficit index based on evapotranspiration Authors:Liu, Zhenhua (1); Zhao, Yingshi (2); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Hu, Yueming (1) Author affiliation:(1) Information of College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Corresponding author:Hu, Y.(ymhu163@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:114-120 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Water shortage is already a serious problem in arid North-west China. As an indicator of water shortage, a new surface water deficit index to estimate soil moisture content from optical and thermal spectral information of ASTER imagery based on the surface energy balance was presented in this paper. Compared to models published previously, two improvements have been made: 1) In the vegetation area, to strip effectively the impact of surface soil, the series two-layer was applied to acquiring vegetation latent heat flux parameter in the surface water deficit index model; 2) Because most pixels in the ASTER image are mixed and consist of different types of land cover, to meet the practical needs of a quantitative remote sensing study, genetic inverse algorithm (GIA) was used to realize retrieval of component temperature parameter in the surface water deficit index model. Taking Yingke green land in China for example, field experiments were carried out to validate the developed model. Comparing simulated soil water retrieved by surface water deficit index model with field measured data, the experimental results show that the new method is feasible, which can provide a new way of thinking for retrieval of soil moisture. Number of references:20 Main heading:Soil surveys Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Evapotranspiration - Geologic models - Heat flux - Models - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Surface chemistry - Surface waters - Vegetation - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:ASTER image - Component temperatures - Developed model - Field experiment - Field-measured data - Green land - Inverse algorithm - Land cover - Quantitative remote sensing - Soil water - Spectral information - Surface soil - Two layers - Water deficit index - Water shortages Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 481.1 Geology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.021 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 15> Accession number:20120314688326 Title:Drought monitoring based on TRMM data and its reliability validation in Shandong province Authors:Du, Lingtong (1); Tian, Qingjiu (1); Huang, Yan (1); Liu, Jun (1) Author affiliation:(1) International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China Corresponding author:Tian, Q.(tianqj@nju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:121-126 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to give consideration to the high spatial and temporal observation ability of remotely sensed drought monitoring method and the universality of meteorological station based drought monitoring method, this paper constructed TRMM-Z index using 3B43 monthly precipitation data of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and single station based Z index drought monitoring method to study the regional drought. Taking Shandong Province in the winter wheat main production area Huang-huai-hai plain as an example, monthly drought situation was monitored during the period from January 1998 to December 2010 and standardized precipitation index (SPI) calculated from station meteorological data over the same period was taken as validation of TRMM-Z. The results showed that TRMM-Z index could well reflect the occurring and developing process of regional drought and the monitoring results were accorded well with actual situation. The correlation coefficient of the average value of TRMM-Z index with the corresponding station based SPI value was 0.83, with a very significant level. The new method can be wildly used in regional drought monitoring and it has a good applicability and accuracy, which can provide a new approach to monitoring meteorological and agricultural drought. Number of references:21 Main heading:Monitoring Controlled terms:Drought - Meteorology - Rain - Rain gages - Remote sensing - Stream flow Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drought - Average values - Correlation coefficient - Developing process - Drought monitoring - Meteorological data - Meteorological station - Precipitation data - Production area - Shandong province - Standardized precipitation index - TRMM - Tropical rainfall measuring missions - Winter wheat - Z-index Classification code:943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 443 Meteorology - 731.1 Control Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.022 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 16> Accession number:20120314688336 Title:Regional crop growth model based on GIS Authors:Tang, Tianjun (1); Lei, Yuping (2) Author affiliation:(1) Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen 518001, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS, Shijiazhuang 050021, China Corresponding author:Lei, Y.(leiyp@sjziam.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:180-185 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:SUCROS crop growth model was rewritten into a modular model using VB programming language, and its calculation of water balance and function of crop coefficient were improved. With parameter calibration by crop field experimental data, the model may accurately simulate the major crop growth variables and yield. A regional crop growth simulation model, RCGM, was developed using ArcGIS Engine components by a tightly integrated method to combined GIS and simulation module, and it can be used to simulate crop growth and predict crop yield in a regional scale. The spatial database was established to manage spatial data for the regional model. RCGM was applied to simulate winter wheat growth and estimate crop yield at a county scale in Luancheng county, Hebei province. The simulating results were reliable with an average relative error of 12.51% between measured and estimated yields. Number of references:22 Main heading:Crops Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Geographic information systems - Models Uncontrolled terms:ArcGIS engine - Average relative error - Crop coefficient - Crop fields - Crop growth - Crop growth model - Crop yield - Experimental data - Geodatabase - Hebei Province - Integrated method - Parameter calibration - Programming language - Regional model - Regional scale - Simulation modules - Spatial data - Spatial database - Water balance - Winter wheat - Yield estimation Classification code:723.3 Database Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.032 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 17> Accession number:20120314688332 Title:Design and experiment of crop structural parameters automatic measurement system Authors:Qu, Yonghua (1); Wang, Jindi (1); Dong, Jian (1); Jiang, Fubin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Corresponding author:Qu, Y.(qyh@bnu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:160-165 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The presented work aims to develop an automatic measurement system to collect crop parameters. In this paper, the structure parameters of land surface crops are considered. Crop structural parameters, such as leaf area index (LAI) and average leaf angle (ALA), are the main factors that can effect the solar energy re-assignment in the canopy. The traditional method to measure such parameters for crops, e.g. maize and wheat, is relied on the handy instrument, so it is difficulty to carry out the measurement on the large spatial region and on the long time series. An automatic measuring system which is designed on the basis of wireless sensors network (WSN) is present in this paper. The system is comprised of three types of node, i.e. two solar irradiance measurement nodes which are deployed beneath and above the canopy respectively, a sink node which is used to collect data from the measurement nodes, and the last type is a route node which is acted as a repeater of wireless communication. Canopy structural parameters can be calculated from the direct transmittance which is the ratio of sun radiation captured by the measurement node beneath and above the canopy on different sun altitude angles. Numeric simulation and the field preliminary validation results showed that the designed system could detect the directional canopy transmittance which is the basis to calculate the target parameters. And the further validation results revealed that the measured LAI values between LAI2000 instrument and our propose measurement system had high correlation coefficient and the calculated average leaf angles were very proximity to the theoretical values. So it is promising in the agriculture application to utilize the proposed system in measuring the crop structural parameters, and it can be an efficient way to measure such parameters in the large spatial region and on the long time series automatically. Number of references:19 Main heading:Measurements Controlled terms:Crops - Sensors - Solar energy - Solar radiation - Surface structure - Time series - Wireless sensor networks - Wireless telecommunication systems Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture applications - Automatic measurement system - Automatic measuring system - Canopy - Correlation coefficient - Directional canopy - Land surface - Leaf angle - Leaf area index - Long time series - Measurement nodes - Measurement system - Numeric simulation - Sink nodes - Solar irradiance measurement - Spatial regions - Structural parameter - Structure parameter - Sun radiation - Target parameter - Theoretical values - Validation results - Wireless communications - Wireless sensor - Wireless sensors networks Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 732 Control Devices - 717 Optical Communication - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 801 Chemistry DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.028 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 18> Accession number:20120314688346 Title:Resource distribution and processing quality of commercial wheat germ in China Authors:Xu, Bin (1); Miao, Wenjuan (1); Dong, Ying (1); Li, Bo (1); Xu, Shanyuan (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Fada Flour Group Limited Company, Xiajin 253216, China Corresponding author:Dong, Y.(ydong@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:244-249 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to get a clear picture of resource distribution and processing quality of the commercial wheat germ in China, wheat germ samples were collected from domestic large-scale wheat flour enterprises based on an elaborate survey of China's wheat germ resource distribution. Nutritional composition and quality difference were analyzed, microbial contamination of wheat germ was determined as well. The results show that the amount of annual usable wheat germ is about 0.2 million tons actually, which are mainly concentrated in Shandong, Henan and Hebei province. The average acid value of commercial wheat germ is 22.80 mg/g, while the highest is up to 60.4 mg/g in summer. The average water content of wheat germ is 12.10%, protein content is 33.07% (in which the average lysine content is 2.10%), crude fat is 11.12% (in which the content of linoleic acid is 58.34%), α-tocopherol content is 0.23%, total colonies is 2.65 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/g. The scientific investigation and assessment of wheat germ resources can provide a reference for the development of national food industry and grain process enterprises. Number of references:15 Main heading:Linoleic acid Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Amino acids - Industry - Nutrition - Quality control Uncontrolled terms:Acid value - Crude fat - Difference - Hebei Province - Investigation - Microbial contamination - National Foods - Nutritional compositions - Processing quality - Protein contents - Resource distribution - Scientific investigation - Shandong - Tocopherol contents - Wheat flours - Wheat germ Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 461.7 Health Care DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.042 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 19> Accession number:20120314688334 Title:Rapid detection of malondialdehyde in herbicide-stressed barley leaves using spectroscopic techniques Authors:Kong, Wenwen (1); Liu, Fei (1); Fang, Hui (1); He, Yong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Corresponding author:He, Y.(yhe@zju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:171-175 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an important indicator for research of plant senescence and resistance. Traditional detection method is complex and time-consuming. In this study, near infrared spectroscopy was used to detect the malondialdehyde (MDA) in herbicide-stressed barley leaves as a convenient, non-invasive and rapid method. A total of 75 barley leave samples were collected for near infrared spectral scanning. Seven spectral preprocessing methods were compared for a better prediction performance, including Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and so on. The optimal partial least squares (PLS) model was obtained for the detection of MDA in barley leaves. The latent variables (LVs) extracted by PLS were also applied as input variables to develop leas squares-support vector machine (LV-LS-SVM) model. PLS, MLR and LS-SVM models were developed using EWs selected by regression coefficient. The correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were applied as the indices of model assessment. The results indicated that LV-LS-SVM mode was better than PLS model, and the LV-LS-SVM model by SNV and MSC preprocessing methods achieved the same prediction performance with higher correlation, which r and RMSEP were 0.9383 and 10.4598. An excellent prediction precision was achieved. The results demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy was successfully applied for the rapid and high accurate detection of MDA in herbicide-stressed barley leaves, and this supplied a new approach for on field monitoring and resistance detection of biological information of barley. Number of references:17 Main heading:Support vector machines Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Forecasting - Herbicides - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Weed control Uncontrolled terms:Barley - Least Square - MDA - Near Infrared - Support vector Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.030 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 20> Accession number:20120314688310 Title:Dynamic simulation and high-speed camera analysis on materials moving along throwing impellers Authors:Zhai, Zhiping (1); Wu, Yamei (2); Wang, Chunguang (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot 010051, China; (2) Huhhot Branch of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Huhhot 010020, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China Corresponding author:Zhai, Z.(zhaizhp@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:23-28 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reveal the relationship between the motion pattern of the materials and power consumption and throwing efficiency of an impeller blower, and further reduce its power consumption and improve its throwing efficiency, the motion pattern of the materials moving along the throwing impeller was studied based on the high-speed camera technology combining with the theory analysis and virtual prototyping. Its dynamic equation was established and the moving pattern of the materials was numerically simulated in ADAMS. They can be applied to various mounting angle of the throwing impeller. Moreover, the equivalent friction coefficient obtained through regression analysis on the data acquired by the high speed camera was used to correct the dynamic equation and ADAMS simulation model for the sake of considering the interaction between the air flow and the materials as well as the interaction among the materials comprehensively. In addition, the optimal range of the material-throwing angle was established to be 60°-130°. All the results will play a significant role in carrying out the parametric optimization of the impeller blower in the future. Number of references:16 Main heading:Computer simulation Controlled terms:Blowers - Data flow analysis - Electric network parameters - Friction - High speed cameras - Impellers - Kinematics - Materials - Optimization - Regression analysis - Time and motion study Uncontrolled terms:Adams simulation - Air flow - Dynamic equations - Equivalent friction coefficient - Friction coefficients - Impeller-blower - Motion pattern - Mounting angles - Optimal ranges - Parametric optimization - Virtual prototyping Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.1 Mechanics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.1 Computer Programming - 703.1 Electric Networks - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 601.2 Machine Components - 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.005 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 21> Accession number:20120314688322 Title:Inhibiting water evaporation of ground surface by clay-based sand-fixing and grass-planting materials Authors:Wang, Botao (1); Zhang, Zengzhi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute of Ecological and Functional Materials, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Wang, B.(wangbotao0309@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:95-99 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the problem of available water conservation in sand consolidation, the sand-fixing and grass-planting materials were prepared with clay modified by emulsifying vegetable waxes and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (Span-80). The water retention property was studied in simulated desertification environmental climate and the materials were characterized by means of UV-Vis, SEM, FTIR, XRD and TA measurements. The results showed that the materials had excellent water retention properties, which owning to that vegetable waxes adhering evenly to clay particle surfaces, making the clay pores changing from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and so inhibiting the water evaporation. Grass-planting experiment showed that with reasonable mass ratio of vegetable waxes, clay and surfactant at 1:6:24, the materials not only inhibited water evaporation but also maintained sound air permeability so that the germination rate of grass seed was significantly improved from 5% to 45%. Number of references:20 Main heading:Thermal processing (foods) Controlled terms:Climatology - Emulsification - Ethers - Evaporation - Moisture - Phase transitions - Polyethylene oxides - Sand - Surface active agents - Textile blends - Vegetables - Water conservation - Waxes Uncontrolled terms:Clay particles - FTIR - Germination rates - Grass seeds - Ground surfaces - Mass ratio - Octylphenols - Polyoxyethylene ether - Sand-fixing and grass-planting - Span-80 - Water evaporation - Water retention - Water retention properties - XRD Classification code:822.2 Food Processing Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 505 Mines and Mining, Nonmetallic - 444 Water Resources - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443 Meteorology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.018 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 22> Accession number:20120314688319 Title:Method and system for measuring hill-slope shallow water flow velocity with realistic boundary condition of electrolyte tracer Authors:Chuo, Ruiyuan (1); Lei, Tingwu (1); Shi, Xiaonan (2); Liu, Lin (1); Zhao, Jun (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Lei, T.(ddragon@public3.bta.net.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:77-83 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The measurement of shallow water flow velocity is significant to hydrological process. A pulse function was used as boundary condition for the analytical solution so as to estimate shallow water flow velocity with relatively high errors. In this study, an additional sensor was added at the location close to the salt injection to register the actual boundary function. The measured boundary condition data were used to estimate the parameters of the boundary condition. Then the shallow water flow velocity was determined by using the least square method. The experimental results indicated that the velocities computed by the two realistic boundary condition methods showed no significant difference, and they agreed also with those measured by the volumetric method. Especially, at short distance, the realistic boundary condition methods had higher accuracy than the pulse method. Thus the realistic boundary condition method and system could be a feasible way to measure water flow velocity. Number of references:18 Main heading:Least squares approximations Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Electrolytes - Flow of water - Flow velocity - Hydraulics - Measurements - Velocity Uncontrolled terms:Analytical solutions - Boundary function - Hydrological process - Least square methods - Pulse methods - Shallow water flow - Shallow waters - Short distances - Volumetric methods Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 931.1 Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 632.1 Hydraulics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631 Fluid Flow DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.015 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 23> Accession number:20120314688342 Title:Heat release property of paraffin phase change heat storage system Authors:Gan, Xuefei (1); He, Zhengbin (1); Yi, Songlin (1); Zhang, Biguang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Yi, S.(ysonglin@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:222-225 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Phase change heat storage is one of the most important energy-saving technologies. The research of heat transfer coefficient and heat release rate is helpful to improve the thermal efficiency and it also play a significant role in applying of phase change heat storage system. Focused on the heat release property of the staggered tube bank with paraffin thermal storage system, we measured the heat transfer coefficient and the heat release rate, and then analyzed influencing factors in terms of the number of tube rows, wind speed and other factors. The results showed that under the conditions that the wind speed was less than 3 m/s, and the temperatures varied from 20°C to 55°C, the testing results of heat transfer coefficient were in good correspondence with the theoretical values; The heat release rate reduced with higher wind speed, and increased with the rise of the number of tube rows, which could reach up to 83%. The heat efficiency could be improved by 62% at most by prolonging heat exchange time. Number of references:14 Main heading:Energy efficiency Controlled terms:Heat storage - Heat transfer coefficients - Paraffin waxes - Paraffins - Wind effects Uncontrolled terms:Energy-saving technologies - Heat efficiency - Heat exchange - Heat release - Heat release rates - Heat storage systems - Influencing factor - Number of tube rows - Phase Change - Testing results - Theoretical values - Thermal efficiency - Thermal storage system - Tube banks - Wind speed Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 804.1 Organic Compounds DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.038 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 24> Accession number:20120314688327 Title:Sampling method of meso-scale crop growth information monitoring based on multi-temporal remote sensing images Authors:Zhu, Shoudong (1); Liu, Huiping (1); Feng, Huihui (1); Bai, Mu (2); Xue, Xiaojuan (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (2) Shaanxi Geomatic Center of SBSM, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China Corresponding author:Liu, H.(hpliu@bnu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:127-133 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:At present the application effect of Precision Agriculture which is developing rapidly is highly affected by the distribution and quantity of monitoring sensor equipment. The typicalness of the monitoring location was determined by the distribution of monitoring sensor equipment, and the level of capital investment was determined by the quantity of the monitoring sensor equipment. How to design an efficient and economical monitoring method is the key issue to get typical monitoring results. Firstly several existing agricultural monitoring methods were evaluated, then a monitoring method which based on the Vegetation Index and Proportional Probability Sampling (PPS) was proposed. At last, a case study was carried out in Yanqing county, Beijing. The results showed that: 1) By the remote sensing theoretical support, the effect of the method could be verified well by reference data; 2) The method was easy, convenient and repeatable to implement; 3) The method can be used not only for monitoring points program design, but also for monitoring points program validation. After validation, the overall accuracy of the new method in this paper achieved 85%. The method can meet the requirements of representativeness, typicalness and stability for agricultural monitoring applications. Number of references:21 Main heading:Monitoring Controlled terms:Equipment - Image reconstruction - Investments - Remote sensing - Sampling - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural monitoring - Application effect - Capital investment - Crop growth - Economical monitoring - Mesoscale - Monitoring locations - Monitoring methods - Monitoring points - Monitoring sensors - Multi-temporal remote sensing - Precision Agriculture - Probability sampling - Program design - Program validation - Proportional probability sampling (PPS) - Reference data - Sampling method - Vegetation index Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 901 Engineering Profession - 801 Chemistry - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.023 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 25> Accession number:20120314688352 Title:Specific heat of tomato leaf and fruit with heat balance method Authors:Chen, Jingling (1); Wang, Qian (1); Zhu, Xiuhong (1); Zhao, Yong (1); Wu, Mingzuo (1); Yang, Xitian (1); Zhang, Jun (1) Author affiliation:(1) Forestry Department, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China Corresponding author:Wang, Q.(wangqianhau@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:279-283 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For the demand of heat exchange research between plant and its environment, especially the need of organic Thermophysical parameters in the analysis of ecology, the paper studied the specific heat of plant organs using the heat balance method. Tomato leaves and fruits were selected for measurement. The pioneer tree of ecological recovery, arborvitae, and the fleshy plant, aloe, were also taken as the objects in this study. The results showed that the specific heat of tomato leaf was (3253.7±97.10) J/(kg°C), which was approximate with those of the arborvitae and aloe. The specific heat of tomato fruit was (3517.4±68.50) J/(kg°C). The specific heats of plant organs mentioned above could be measured by heat balance method, and all the specific heats measured in this study were lower than the specific heat of water. This paper also consummated the heat balance method in organic specific heat measurement. The research can provide a new method for specific heat measurement and a basis for plant heat exchange research also. Number of references:17 Main heading:Specific heat Controlled terms:Ecology - Fruits - Heat exchangers - Measurements - Research - Thermal variables measurement Uncontrolled terms:Heat balance - Heat balance method - Heat exchange - Leaf - Plant organs - Thermophysical parameters - Tomato - Tomato fruits - Tomato leaf - Tomato leaves Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 901.3 Engineering Research - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.048 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 26> Accession number:20120314688353 Title:Grading method of apple by maximum cross-sectional diameter based on computer vision Authors:Chen, Yanjun (1); Zhang, Junxiong (1); Li, Wei (1); Ren, Yongxin (2); Tan, Yuzhi (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Advanced Manufacture Technology Center, China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Tan, Y.(yztan@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:284-288 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Given the issued GB/T 10651-2008 "Apples", an apple sorting system based on machine vision technology was designed according to the realistic condition that the commodity value was devalued because of the low rate and accuracy of sorting. For Fuji apple, the process of pretreatment was conducted with threshold segmentation of apple image by using R-B channels under the RGB color model and mean filter. And then the contour of the apple was extracted by line scanning. Two theoretical models were established for the classification of apple size: model one took the maximum distance between two points of the contour line as the grading standards, while model two took the diameter of apple maximum cross-section which was obtained by curve fitting. The two algorithms of classification were programmed by using VC 6.0. The test of forty apple samples indicated that the classification accuracy of model one was 93.3% while model two was 87.1%. The highest classification efficiency of two channels was 12 apples per second which satisfied the online commercial application requirement. It can provide references for the automatic sorting industry of the nearly spherical fruit and vegetable according to the industry standard. Number of references:20 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Algorithms - Classification (of information) - Computer vision - Curve fitting - Image segmentation - Models Uncontrolled terms:Apple - Automatic sorting - Classification accuracy - Classification efficiency - Commercial applications - Contour line - Fruit and vegetables - Fuji apple - Industry standards - Linescanning - Low rates - Maximum distance - Mean filter - On-machines - Pre-Treatment - Realistic conditions - RGB Color Model - Sorting system - Theoretical models - Threshold segmentation - Two channel - Two-point Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.049 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 27> Accession number:20120314688324 Title:Effects of different mulching patterns on soil temperature, moisture water and yield of spring maize in Weibei Highland Authors:Li, Rong (1); Wang, Min (4); Jia, Zhikuan (1); Hou, Xianqing (1); Yang, Baoping (1); Han, Qingfang (1); Nie, Junfeng (1); Zhang, Rui (3) Author affiliation:(1) The Chinese Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Ecology, Minister of Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (4) Agro-Technique Extension Center, Baoji 721001, China Corresponding author:Jia, Z.(zhikuan@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:106-113 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve rainfall utilization efficiency and increase water availability for crops in dry farming area, a field experiment was conducted in 2007-2010 at Heyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in Shaanxi province of China to determine the effect of different ridge and furrow with mulching cultivation patterns on soil water, soil temperature, yield of spring maize, and economic returns. The ridges were covered with common plastic film in all treatments, while different furrows were mulched with common plastic film, biodegradable film, corn straw, liquid film and uncovering, respectively. The flat plot without mulch was used as the control. The results obtained in a four-year experiment showed that, at the seedling stage of maize, the average temperature in 5-25 cm soil layer under common plastic film and biodegradable film were 2.4°C and 2.1°C higher than that of the control respectively. In contrast, the temperature under corn straw covering was 1.7°C lower than that of the control. Besides, the different rainwater harvesting treatments could improve soil moisture in the early growth of maize. There was no difference in the soil moisture level between corn straw, liquid film, uncovering and the control during the middle and late growth of maize. However, the soil moisture of common plastic film and biodegradable film in deep soil layer were lower than that of the control. Compared with the control, the 4-year average maize yield with biodegradable film, common plastic film, and corn straw mulching significantly increased by 35.2%, 34.7% and 33.6%, and the average water use efficiency increased by 30.6%, 30.2% and 28.6%, respectively. The total net income with corn straw mulching was the highest, followed by biodegradable film mulching, and the total net income increased by 3299 and 2752 Yuan/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively, compared to the control. It was concluded that when the ridges were covered with common plastic film, the furrows was mulched with biodegradable film or straw, not only the soil water and temperature conditions were improved, but also the maize yield and net income were increased. Therefore, these two treatments are considered as efficient for maize production in Weibei Highland area. Number of references:29 Main heading:Film growth Controlled terms:Biodegradable polymers - Cultivation - Experiments - Liquid films - Moisture - Plastic films - Rain - Soil moisture - Soils - Temperature - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Average temperature - Biodegradable film - Corn straws - Deep soil layer - Dry farming - Dryland farming - Early growth - Economic returns - Experimental stations - Field experiment - Maize production - Maize yield - Moisture level - Mulching cultivation - Net incomes - Rain water harvesting - Ridge and furrow - Soil layer - Soil temperature - Soil water - Spring maize - Temperature conditions - Utilization efficiency - Water availability - Water use efficiency - Weibei Highland - Yield Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 817.1 Polymer Products - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 454 Environmental Engineering - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 443.3 Precipitation - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.020 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 28> Accession number:20120314688350 Title:Physical and antimicrobial properties of cinnamon oil/alginate film Authors:Lü, Fei (1); Ding, Yicheng (1); Ye, Xingqian (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (2) Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Corresponding author:Ye, X.(psu@zju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:268-272 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study new biodegradable antimicrobial packaging materials, the antimicrobial films were prepared by incorporated different volume fraction cinnamon oil into alginate solution, and then the physical properties of film thickness, transparency (T), color, water vapor permeability (WVP) and antimicrobial properties were studied. The film thickness had nearly not changed when the volume fraction of cinnamon oil in the film forming solution increased from 0 to 1.0%, but increased significantly when the volume fraction of cinnamon oil reached to 1.2%. The film transparency decreased significantly but WVP increased with the increase of cinnamon oil. Cinnamon oil had an obviously effect on the film color, with the significant increase of a and b values. The film displayed obvious antimicrobial efficiency, when the volume fraction of cinnamon oil in the film forming solution arrived at 0.8%. In conclusion, the film made by alginate film forming solution with the volume fraction of cinnamon oil of 0.8% was of better antimicrobial efficiency and better physical properties. The study can provide a reference for the processing of biodegradable antimicrobial cinnamon oil/alginate film. Number of references:19 Main heading:Microorganisms Controlled terms:Alginate - Films - Mechanical permeability - Packaging - Packaging materials - Physical properties - Transparency - Volume fraction - Water vapor Uncontrolled terms:Alginate solutions - Antimicrobial - Antimicrobial films - Antimicrobial packaging - Antimicrobial property - B value - Cinnamon oil - Film color - Film forming solution - Film transparency - Water vapor permeability Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 741.1 Light/Optics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 694.1 Packaging, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 461.9 Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.046 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 29> Accession number:20120314688338 Title:Modeling and application of livestock supporting capacity estimation of cropland based on nitrogen cycling in southwest China Authors:Chen, Tianbao (1); Wan, Zhaojun (1); Fu, Maozhong (1); Zhang, Hong (1); Zhang, Jinling (1); Yang, Chaowu (1); Jiang, Xiaosong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China Corresponding author:Jiang, X.(xsjiang@sasa.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:191-195 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Livestock waste poses a great pollution to the cropland and even results in eutrophication of environment if agricultural farming-animal husbandry ecosystem is not soundly planned. In this study, a mathematic model to estimate livestock supporting capacity of cropland was built based on nitrogen cycling in form of agricultural farming-animal husbandry ecosystem (N-LSCM). The parameters necessary to this model are pig feed protein equivalent, nitrogen excretion equivalent and nitrogen consumption per unit yield of crops. In order to test this model, the actual data of Sichuan province of southwest China were used as a representative situation, and the calculation results showed that in 2006, the agricultural scale of livestock and poultry was reasonable, it did not pose a threat to the environment, and there was still an increase potential in livestock of 22419574 pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, slaughtering weight 100 kg). The model can also be used for risk assessment of livestock-environment. Number of references:23 Main heading:Agriculture Controlled terms:Ecosystems - Eutrophication - Mammals - Models - Nitrogen - Risk assessment - Sustainable development Uncontrolled terms:Capacity estimation - Ecological security - Livestock supporting capacity of cropland - Livestock wastes - Mathematic model - Nitrogen cycling - Nitrogen excretion - Per unit - Pig equivalent - Pig feed - Sichuan province - Southwest China - Yorkshires Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922.1 Probability Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.034 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 30> Accession number:20120314688306 Title:Regional difference for newly increased cultivated land area through land consolidation in China Authors:Hu, Yecui (1); Zheng, Xinqi (1); Xu, Jinyuan (1); Zheng, Yunmei (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technique, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Hu, Y.(huyc@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:1-6 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The influencing factors and implementation effect analysis are main points for study of land consolidation, which have important theoretical and practical value to enrich relevant land consolidation evaluation technology system, improve the overall efficiency of land consolidation promote, and land consolidation scientific decision-making. Land consolidation played an important role in achieving and maintaining the dynamic balance between demand and supply of the arable land in China. From this perspective, this article took the increased rate of arable land through land consolidation as an important indicator, and conducted the effect evaluation of the land consolidation in China on national, provincial (regional and municipal), and municipal scales. Results showed that land consolidation projects were still the main type of land reclamation at national level in China, and while the land development projects were the main type below the provincial level; the increased rate of arable land from land development projects showed high percentage on the whole country, and there were few differences on national, province and municipal scale; the increased rate of arable land from land consolidation and reclamation reflected larger differences on the nation, province, and municipal scale, and the differences could be reflected on municipal scale even more. Number of references:20 Main heading:Land reclamation Controlled terms:Agriculture - Consolidation - Cultivation - Land use Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - China - Consolidation projects - Cultivated lands - Demand and supply - Dynamic balance - Effect analysis - Effect evaluation - Influencing factor - Land development - National level - Overall efficiency - Regional difference - Technology system Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.001 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 31> Accession number:20120314688343 Title:Estimation of farmland quality after rural residential land consolidation and its application Authors:Qu, Yanbo (1); Zhang, Fengrong (1); Guo, Li'na (2); Xu, Yueqing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) College of Mining Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, China Corresponding author:Zhang, F. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:226-233 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Rural residential land consolidation is recognized as an important way of farmland requisition-compensation balance, so the quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land using the above way should be taken into account comprehensively. With the spatial analysis function of GIS and neighborhood replacement method, this paper took Pinggu district, Beijing as a case, to estimated the quality grade of restored farmland after rural residential land consolidation by using the method and data of farmland gradation. In order to optimize the current program of rural residential land consolidation planning (RRLCP) in Pinggu district, on the basis of the results researched above, the production capacity of supplementary farmland in RRLCP was calculated, the goal setting, spatiotemporal arrangement and key engineering projects in the process of making RRLCP and implementation of this program were discussed. The results showed that: the natural quality score of farmland after rural residential land consolidation was from 0.3910 to 0.9745, which was classified into five grades, and the floating range of realizable yield per-unit was 5769 to 12758 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in Pinggu district. In RRLCP, the demolition area of rural residential land was 2442.60 hm<sup>2</sup>, and the suitable area of restored cultivated land after rural residential land consolidation was 1922.07 hm<sup>2</sup>, including five grades with proportions of 12.75%, 21.69%, 40.54%, 15.36% and 9.66%, respectively. Accordingly, in RRLCP the first-grade regions should be the priority areas in the near future, to promote farmland quality with the large-scale management and combination of utilization and nurturing. The second-grade regions should be the key region in medium term, to fertilize the soil and strengthen the irrigation-water conservation project construction. And the third-grade and the fourth-grade regions should be the suitable region in long term, to develop the neat project of land mainly and the ecological protection project chronically in mountainous area. This paper tried to apply the theory and results of farmland gradation to rural residential land consolidation research, in order to provide scientific instructions for practice and management in "double balance" of cultivated land requisition-compensation. Number of references:27 Main heading:Farms Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Land use - Planning - Restoration - Rural areas - Water conservation - Zoning Uncontrolled terms:Conservation projects - Cultivated lands - Ecological protection - Engineering project - Goal setting - Medium term - Mountainous area - Pinggu District - Production capacity - Quality grade - Replacement methods - Spatial analysis Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 444 Water Resources - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.039 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 32> Accession number:20120314688311 Title:Experimental investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with ethanol/diesel blends Authors:Li, Mingdi (1); Wang, Zhong (1); Xu, Guangju (1); Chen, Lin (1); Li, Lilin (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Wang, Z.(wangzhong@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:29-34 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Experiments were carried out on YZ4DB3 diesel engine. The indicator diagram and emission of diesel engine fueled with ethanol/diesel blends were measured. The combustion process and emission of ethanol/diesel blends were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of ethanol ratios, the ignition delay periods were delayed, the combustion endings were advanced and the combustion durations were shortened. At low load, the peak in-cylinder pressure of E10 and E20 were 0.2 and 0.4 MPa lower than that of diesel, the peak heat release rate of diffusion combustion increased. At full load, the peak in-cylinder pressure of ethanol/diesel blends were almost the same as that of diesel, the peak heat release rate of premixed combustion increased. Compared with diesel, smoke of ethanol/diesel blends reduced significantly. Ethanol ratios had little effect on NOx emission. With the increase of ethanol ratios HC and CO emission increased, especially at low load. The fuel consumption of ethanol/diesel blends and diesel were almost the same. Number of references:17 Main heading:Diesel engines Controlled terms:Ethanol - Experiments - Ignition - Neutron emission Uncontrolled terms:CO emissions - Combustion duration - Combustion pro-cess - Diffusion combustion - Emission characteristics - Experimental investigations - Full-load - Ignition delays - Indicator diagram - Low load - NOx Emissions - Peak heat release rates - Peak in-cylinder pressures - Premixed combustion Classification code:521.1 Fuel Combustion - 523 Liquid Fuels - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 901.3 Engineering Research - 932.1 High Energy Physics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.006 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 33> Accession number:20120314688314 Title:Development and application of pulsed electric field instrument with extremely low frequency and high-voltage for biological effects Authors:Yang, Yunjing (1); Xi, Gang (2); Zhang, Sheqi (1); Liu, Kai (2); Zhang, Xiaohui (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (3) College of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China Corresponding author:Yang, Y.(xnyy001@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:49-54 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to carry out the study of biological effects on extremely low frequency high-voltage pulsed electric field, a pulsed electric field generator based on potential fluctuation in plant was designed. The system can produce high-voltage pulse with extremely low frequency, wide pulse width and steep front. The amplitude of voltage is adjustable from 6 to 20 kV and the pulse frequency is adjustable from 0.1 to 15 Hz. Using the pulsed electric field with 100 kV/m, 1 Hz and 80 ms pulse width to treat germinating mung beans and maize seeds, the results indicated that the shoot length, root length and root number of mung beans and maize were significantly promoted. It was illustrated that the extremely low frequency high-voltage pulsed electric field based on potential fluctuations in plant had a significant biological effects. This paper laid the foundation for further study of biological effect on extremely low-frequency high-voltage pulsed electric field. Number of references:24 Main heading:Electric fields Controlled terms:Design - Electric potential - Instruments Uncontrolled terms:Biological effects - Extremely low frequencies - High voltage pulse - High-voltage pulsed electric field - High-voltages - Maize seeds - Mungbeans - Plants - Potential fluctuations - Pulse frequencies - Pulse width - Pulsed electric field - Root length - Root number - Shoot length - Wide pulse Classification code:408 Structural Design - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.010 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 34> Accession number:20120314688333 Title:Transient response of pico-hydro power generation system with automatic excitation units under fault conditions Authors:Sun, Haibo (1); Ye, Lin (1); Li, Licheng (1); Song, Xuri (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Ye, L.(YL@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:166-170 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:It is important to improve voltage stability of hybrid generation system based on renewable energies by using automatic excitation units in pico-hydro generation system. Based on the mathematical model, an equivalent dynamic model of a pico-hydro power generation system including hydro turbine, synchronous generator, automatic excitation system was created in ElectroMagnetic Transient Program/Alternative Transient Program (EMTP/ATP) software package. Case study was carried out to investigate the operational characteristics of pico-hydro system under fault conditions in a micro grid. Simulation results showed that the automatic excitation regulation and control system could improve the voltage stability by increasing excitation current rapidly as low voltage occurs during fault conditions. Number of references:17 Main heading:Control system stability Controlled terms:Automatic programming - Computer simulation - Electric excitation - Electric generators - Electromagnetism - Fault detection - Hydroelectric power - Mathematical models - Power quality - Standby power systems - Synchronous generators - Transients - Voltage stabilizing circuits Uncontrolled terms:Electro-magnetic transient - Electromagnetic transient program - Excitation currents - Excitation system - Fault conditions - Generation systems - Hybrid generation system - Hydroturbines - Low voltages - Micro grid - Operational characteristics - Power generation systems - Regulation and control - Renewable energies Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 921 Mathematics - 713.5 Electronic Circuits Other Than Amplifiers, Oscillators, Modulators, Limiters, Discriminators or Mixers - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.4 System Stability - 723.1 Computer Programming - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 621 Nuclear Reactors - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 611.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants - 613 Nuclear Power Plants - 614 Steam Power Plants - 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.029 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 35> Accession number:20120314688347 Title:Preparation and morphology properties of nano-silicon dioxide from rice straw Authors:Pan, Mingzhu (1); Zhou, Xiaoyan (1); Chen, Cheng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Wood Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Engineering Research Center of Fast-Growing Trees and Agri-Fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China Corresponding author:Pan, M.(panmingzhu@yahoo.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:250-255 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The utilization of rice straw can protect the environment and contribute to sustainable development. The distribution and morphology of silicon dioxide from rice straw was investigated with SEM-EDXA, and the nano-silicon dioxide was prepared from rice straw with pyrolysis processing. The results showed that, the silicon was distributed in granular zone of the surface of rice straw in the form of silicon dioxide, and the content was 12.8%. After thermomechanical refining, the silicon dioxide content was remained above 8%, and the dimension of silicon dioxide in the surface of fiber decreased. The dimension of silicon dioxide increased with increasing the pyrolysis time from 2 to 4 h, as while as increasing pyrolysis temperature from 575 to 775°C. After ball milling processing, the granule dimension of silicon dioxide was reduced from 18.94 to 6 μm. Furthermore, the proportion of granule dimension under 100 nm was increased. The processing parameters with pyrolysis temperature of 575°C, time of 2 h and ball milling time of 10 min were suggested for nano silicon dioxide production. Number of references:21 Main heading:Silica Controlled terms:Ball milling - Environmental protection - Granulation - Milling (machining) - Milling machines - Morphology - Pyrolysis - Straw - Sustainable development Uncontrolled terms:Ball milling time - Nano silicon dioxide - Nano-silicon - Processing parameters - Pyrolysis processing - Pyrolysis temperature - Pyrolysis time - Rice straws - SEM-EDXA - Thermo-mechanical Classification code:951 Materials Science - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 604.2 Machining Operations - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.043 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 36> Accession number:20120314688321 Title:Experimental study on effect of corn residue management on soil water content during freezing-thawing period Authors:Xing, Shuyan (1); Zheng, Xiuqing (1); Chen, Junfeng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China Corresponding author:Zheng, X.(zxq6818@sina.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:90-94 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study the influences of corn residue management on soil water content during freezing-thawing period, water transfer experiment was conducted in a freezing-thawing period under four surface treatments of bare land, corn residue mulching lands with the thickness of 5, 10 and 15 cm. The results showed that the corn residue cover altered the soils frozen states. The land mulched by 15cm thickness straw did not freeze; the initial frozen time of the lands mulched by 5 and 10 cm thickness straw were 16d and 25d later than that of bare land, and the frozen depths of the lands decreased by 29 cm and 42 cm than that of the bare land. Affected by the processes of freezing and thawing, the higher moisture content area occurred at 40 cm depth in the bare land and occurred at top soil and 30-50 cm depth in the straw mulch lands. During the freezing-thawing period the water content fluctuation of 5, 10 and 15 cm straw mulched lands were lower than bare land by 1.12, 6.46 and 8.7 percent respectively, and the average water content at 0-10 cm soil of the straw mulched lands were higher than that of bare land by 9.45, 9.04 and 8.99 percent respectively when soil thawed entirely. The results will provide a basis for taking measure of corn residue cover in seasonal freezing-thawing regions. Number of references:16 Main heading:Thawing Controlled terms:Freezing - Frozen soils - Moisture - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw - Water content Uncontrolled terms:Bare lands - Corn residues - Experimental studies - Freezing and thawing - Freezing-thawing - Frozen state - Period of freezing and thawing - Soil water content - Straw mulch - Top soils - Water transfers Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.2 Food Processing Operations DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.02.017 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 37> Accession number:20120314688335 Title:Analysis of soil nutrient content based on near infrared reflectance spectroscopy in Beijing region Authors:Li, Jie (1); Zhang, Xiaochao (1); Yuan, Yanwei (1); Zhang, Junning (1) Author affiliation:(1) National Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant-Machine System, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Zhang, X.(zxc@caams.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:2 Issue date:January 15, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:176-179 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To study the distribution of soil nutrients, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to predict total nitrogen, organic matter, total potassium and pH values of soil. With 72 soil samples collected from the experimental field in the suburbs of Beijing, the models were constructed using partial least-squares (PLS) regression based on the spectral data and measured soil nutrient. The model accuracy was evaluated using determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>), adjusted standard deviation (RMSECV), standard deviation of prediction (RMSEP), and residual prediction deviation (RPD). The results showed that, good consistency can be found between the prediction models and the spectral data of total nitrogen, total potassium, organic matter and pH value, the results and the measured data has, the highest coefficient of determination is R<sup>2</sup>=0.9544. Nutrient prediction model established by PLS could predict total nitrogen, organic matter, and total potassium and pH values accurately. Number of references:15 Main heading:Nutrients Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Forecasting - Forestry - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Fourier transforms - Geologic models - Infrared devices - Mathematical models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nitrogen - Organic compounds - pH - Potassium - Soil surveys - Soils - Statistics Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Determination coefficients - Measured data - Model accuracy - Near Infrared - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - Partial least squares - Partial least-squares regression - pH