2012年1月第28卷第1期
<RECORD 1> Accession number:20120314688260 Title:Design and experiment of friction vertical plate precision seed-metering device Authors:Wang, Yecheng (1); Qiu, Lichun (1); Zhang, Wenjiao (2); Li, Qichao (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (2) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Qiu, L.(qlccn@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:22-26 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the problems of low dropping limit velocity and small filling power, a new type of friction plate precision seed-metering device was devised, and the force and movement mechanism of seeds were analyzed in the course of filling seeds space. The seeds were driven to flow by the friction on the friction plate, and the filling power increased as well as the efficiency was improved. The new device was tested on test bench and the result indicated that when the plant spacing was 10 cm, seedbed belt speed was 10.1 km/h, the limited speed of seed plate reached to 0.66m/s, and the qualification index was higher than 95%, overlapping seeding index was lower than 5% and missing seeding index was lower than 5%. It is shown that the seed meter is suitable for high-speed and accurate sowing. Number of references:15 Main heading:Seed Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Curricula - Experiments - Filling - Friction - Machine design - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Tribology Uncontrolled terms:Dropping frequent - Friction plate - High-speed - Limit velocity - Movement mechanism - New devices - Plant spacing - Seed-metering device - Test benches - Vertical plate Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 901.3 Engineering Research - 901.2 Education - 931.1 Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 601 Mechanical Design - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.005 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 2> Accession number:20120314688285 Title:Orthographic calibration of space-borne ALOS PALSAR microwave remote sensing image in mountain area Authors:Xu, Tianshu (1); Yue, Cairong (1); Zhang, Wangfei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Forest College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China Corresponding author:Xu, T. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:173-177 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The ortho-rectification of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) is difficult and a key step for its final application especially in mountain area. However, the method of the ortho-rectification of SAR is not available in the current remote sensing software. In this paper, the ortho-rectification of microwave remote sensing image was conducted based on GAMMA software platform and ALOS PALSAR basic data. Firstly, the simulated SAR image was generated by means of DEM (digital elevation model) and the satellite orbit parameter. Then, the registration offsets between the simulated SAR image and the real values were determined automatically using cross correlation analysis, and the polynomial models of these offsets were built accordingly. Finally, the true SAR image was resampled from the SAR with range and azimuth coordinates to one with the orthonormal map coordinates using a lookup table, which was generated by comparing the simulated and real SAR image and refined by the offsets registration polynomials. The accuracy of registration was tested by comparing with topographic map, and rectification errors were less than one pixel, which is less than 20 m. Number of references:19 Main heading:Synthetic aperture radar Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Electric rectifiers - Image processing - Image reconstruction - Maps - Remote sensing - Space optics - Surveying - Synthetic apertures - Table lookup Uncontrolled terms:ALOS PALSAR data - Cross-correlation analysis - Digital elevation model - Look up table - Microwave remote sensing - Ortho-rectification - Orthonormal - Polynomial models - Real values - SAR Images - SAR(synthetic aperture radar) - Satellite orbit - Software platforms - Space-borne - Topographic map Classification code:741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 723.1 Computer Programming - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 405.3 Surveying - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.031 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 3> Accession number:20120314688302 Title:Combined drying technology of tilapia fillets using heat pump and microwave Authors:Guan, Zhiqiang (1); Zheng, Lijing (2); Li, Min (2); Guo, Shenglan (2) Author affiliation:(1) Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (2) Engineering College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China Corresponding author:Guan, Z.(mmcgzq@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:270-275 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The technology of heat pump combined with microwave for drying Tilapia fillets was optimized by response surface method. Taking drying energy consumption and rehydration rate as dependent variable, the models were obtained by using response surface analysis of the three factors of temperature of heat pump drying, water content rate and power of microwave drying at three levels. The results of test and verification showed that all of the error between the value of models and the value of experiments was less than 5%. Base on the minimum of energy consumption, the optimized technology parameters were that the temperature of heat pump drying was 34.34°C, the water content rate at transformation point was 42.12% and the power of microwave drying was 131.69 W, respectively. Base on the maximum of rehydration rate, the optimized technology parameters were that the temperature of heat pump drying was 33.87°C, the water content rate at transformation point was 30% and the power of microwave drying was 201.43 W, respectively. Comparing the test result of heat pump combined with microwave at drying temperature of heat pump of 35°C, the water content rate at transformation point of 39% and microwave power of 252 W with that of heat pump drying test at same temperature and wind speed, it showed that the time of combination drying was shorter two-thirds than the heat pump drying. The rehydration rate of the optimized combination drying was 57.40%, and that of the heat pump drying was 39.16% at the same rehydration time of 40 min. The results also showed the rehydration rate of combined drying was increased by 46.5% compared with that of heat pump drying. The results can provide references for drying tilapia fillets of the combined heat pump with microwave drying technology. Number of references:16 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Energy storage - Energy utilization - Heat pump systems - Microwave heating - Microwaves - Optimization - Pumps - Surface analysis - Technology Uncontrolled terms:Combination drying - Combined heat - Dependent variables - Drying energy consumption - Drying technology - Drying temperature - Heat pump - Heat pump drying - Heat pumps - Microwave drying - Microwave power - Rehydration time - Response surface analysis - Response surface method - Technology parameters - Tilapia fillets - Wind speed Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901 Engineering Profession - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 642.1 Process Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 618.2 Pumps - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.048 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 4> Accession number:20120314688269 Title:Some problems of water flow pattern and compensation mechanism for micro-irrigation emitters Authors:Zhang, Guoxiang (1); Ding, Sujiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Hongke Water saving Equipment Manufacture Co-Operative Limited Company, Urumqi 830000, China Corresponding author:Zhang, G.(zhguox928@sina.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:78-81 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Hydraulic calculation of micro-irrigation emitters is important for pipeline engineering design. Classified basis of water flow pattern and the flow condition of pressure pipes, the differences of the operating head of drip emitters and frictional head loss flow modification, and water temperature modification of dripper discharge were studied. Then the reason for flow stance index x < 0.5 observed in hydraulic measured data of inelasticity elements was analyzed, and the method of area compensation was proposed. Results show that: 1) it's wrong that the water flow pattern in pressure pipes based on Nituradse's experimental results were applied in hydraulic calculation of micro-irrigation emitters except for microtubule drippers; 2) water temperature modification of drippers should be done for flow stance index x=1, not for x &le 0.5 not because flow state is at drag square area but because loss of pipes are presented as local loss and not for 1 > x > 0.5 respectively. The hydraulic relationship at different water temperature can be got by hydraulic experiments at corresponding water temperature for drippers of 1 > x > 0.5; 3) the way of classifying water flow pattern of drippers should be abandoned because this way just suitable for microtubule drippers cannot be applied for others; and 4) the reason for x < 0.5 of is area compensation effect, which means the area of passage decreased with water head increased, because of rapid changes for flow channel boundary and a positive correlation between the flow inertia and the water head. Number of references:5 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Compensation (personnel) - Flow of water - Flow patterns - Hydraulics - Pipe - Temperature Uncontrolled terms:Compensation effects - Compensation mechanism - Drip emitter - Flow - Flow channels - Flow condition - Flow inertia - Flow state - Frictional head loss - Hydraulic calculations - Local loss - Measured data - Microirrigation - Microtubules - Pipeline engineering design - Positive correlations - Pressure pipes - Rapid changes - Water flows - Water heads - Water temperature modification - Water temperatures Classification code:912.4 Personnel - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.015 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 5> Accession number:20120314688304 Title:Identification of senescence related protease in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) fruit Authors:Sun, Jing (1); Shen, Jin (1); Cheng, Qinyang (1); Jiang, Weibo (2); Liu, Qing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Sun, J.(cynthiasj@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:282-286 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to find out the relationship between proteases and senescence, modified sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gelatin-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was exploited to analyze proteases activities of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. 918) fruit. Three proteases, named as SP-1, SP-2 and SP-3, respectively, were detected in red-ripe tomato fruit. All activities of these three proteases were changed during ripening and senescence. Followed by ethylene treatment, the activity of SP-2 was enhanced and the activities of SP-1 and SP-3 were showed up earlier. The opposite effects were observed by 1-methylcycloprop treatment. These results suggested that all SP-1, SP-2 and SP-3, regulated either by nature ripening or ethylene treatment, were senescence related proteases. The study provides reference for the relationship between proteases and senescence. Number of references:19 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Electrophoresis - Energy storage - Enzymes - Ethylene - Proteins - Sodium - Sodium sulfate Uncontrolled terms:Ethylene treatment - Gel electrophoresis - Senescence - Sodium dodecyl sulfate - Tomato - Tomato fruits Classification code:549.1 Alkali Metals - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.050 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 6> Accession number:20120314688258 Title:Test and analysis of wheat entrainment loss for tangential-longitudinal-axial combine harvester Authors:Tang, Zhong (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Zhao, Zhan (1); Xu, Lizhang (1); Li, Hongchang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Li, Y.(ymli@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:11-16 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to timely acquire the situation of entrainment losses of the tangential-longitudinal-axial combine harvester when it harvest in a field, an tangential-longitudinal-axial threshing-separating test bed was built in the laboratory, which was made up of a knife-type teeth tangential-axial drum, assistant feeding wheel and spike teeth longitudinal-axial drum of the tangential-longitudinal-axial combine harvester. The threshing-separating performance test was conducted with the test bed at the wheat feeding rate of 7 kg/s, the components and the distribution regularity of the threshed mixture were measured, the threshing-separating coefficient matrix was established and then threshing-separating matrix equation of threshing-separating device on the tangential-longitudinal-axial combine harvester was solved. The array PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) piezoelectric-film sensor was applied to measure the grain number of the 11th materials boxes location under spike-tooth longitudinal-axial drum of the tangential-longitudinal-axial combine harvester, the measured results were compared with the entrainment losses which was calculated by the threshing -separating matrix equation. The result showed that the their difference between the measured entrainment losses in the field and calculated values was -4.82%--5.87%.It has real-time monitor for grain entrainment losses in the field. Number of references:21 Main heading:Harvesters Controlled terms:Agriculture - Equipment testing - Grain (agricultural product) - Losses - Matrix algebra - Sensors - Testing Uncontrolled terms:Calculated values - Coefficient matrix - Combine harvesters - Distribution regularities - Feeding rate - Grain numbers - Matrix equations - Measured results - Performance tests - Polyvinylidene fluorides - Real-time monitor - Test and analysis - Threshing-separating Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921.1 Algebra - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801 Chemistry - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.003 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 7> Accession number:20120314688297 Title:Evaluation for consolidation model of rural residential patches based on policy of linked change of rural-urban construction land Authors:Zhang, Xiaoping (1); Zhu, Daolin (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Faculty of Geomatics, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, China Corresponding author:Zhu, D.(dlzhu@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:244-249 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Consolidation of rural residential land was propelled greatly by the policy of linked change of rural-urban construction land. For guiding the work of consolidation of rural residential land, an evaluation procedure was established to list the types of consolidation model and choose the unit, and match the model with the unit subsequently. Based on the procedure, Bashan, a normal town in Chongren county, Jiangxi province, was taken as a case with the methods of overlay-operation and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were four consolidation models of rural residential land in Bashan town, such as urban-rural integration model, ecological transfer model, relocation and merger model and inner optimization model. The areas under the models were 71.50, 2.67, 108.73 and 329.23 hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The patches of relocation and merger model were the main sources of reclamation, while the patches of urban-rural integration model and inner optimization model might be the resettled places for people lost their lands. The research on consolidation model of rural residential patch was connected with the policy of linked change of rural-urban construction land and would offer some decision support for the work of consolidation of rural residential land and the implementation of the policy. Number of references:16 Main heading:Merging Controlled terms:Consolidation - Decision support systems - Land use - Mathematical models - Models - Optimization - Relocation - Rural areas Uncontrolled terms:Bashan town - Comprehensive evaluation - Consolidation model - Construction land - Decision supports - Integration models - Jiangxi Province - Optimization models - Transfer models - Urban-rural Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.043 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 8> Accession number:20120314688294 Title:Change characteristics analysis of farmland in Northern Sanjiang Plain in 2000-2009 based on remote sensing Authors:Du, Guoming (1); Li, Yun (1); Yu, Fengrong (2); Zhang, Shuwen (3); Yang, Fenghai (1) Author affiliation:(1) Resources and Environmental Sciences School Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Region, Harbin 150036, China; (3) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China Corresponding author:Du, G.(nmgdgm@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:225-229 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on the remote sensing data, change characteristics of farmland at the Northern Sanjiang Plain in 2000-2009 was analyzed, aiming to provide the basis for land remediation, construction of farmland water conservancy, land resource development and utilization. The results showed that the area of farmland raised from 214.31 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 285.10 × 10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. The reclamation ratio rose to 67.3% and the new increased land was drought land mainly. 73.64 × 10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup> land was cultivated mainly from swamp, woodland and grassland, and the returning farmland area was only 2.84 × 10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. At the same period, 58.67 × 10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup> drought land changed to irrigated land and 9.06 × 10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup> irrigated land changed to drought land. Irrigated land showed a pattern of concentrated distribution and the proportion of irrigated land accounted for 30.10% of the total area of farmland. More farmland increased in the east and north countries and less farmland increased in the west and south countries in the study area. Allocation optimization of water and land resources should be paid more attention in the process of agricultural development especially water conservancy construction in the future. Increasing the effective cultivated land area should be through land remediation firstly. Number of references:19 Main heading:Landforms Controlled terms:Agriculture - Drought - Farms - Land reclamation - Land use - Optimization - Remediation - Remote sensing - Water resources Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Allocation optimization - Characteristics analysis - Cultivated land - Cultivated lands - Irrigated lands - Land remediation - Land resources - Remote sensing data - Sanjiang plain - Study areas - Water conservancy Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 481.1 Geology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 444 Water Resources - 442.2 Land Reclamation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.040 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 9> Accession number:20120314688273 Title:Evaluation of border irrigation performance based on spatial variability of infiltration parameters Authors:Nie, Weibo (1); Fei, Liangjun (1); Ma, Xiaoyi (2) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Nie, W.(nwbo2000@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:100-105 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Objective evaluation on border irrigation performance is an essential basis to set up a proper irrigation scheme. Assumed that the soil characteristics spatial variability can be directly reflected from the changes of infiltration coefficient, taken the border irrigation experiments conducted in Yangling District with the clay loam and sandy loam as study objects, the effects of the soil characteristics spatial variability to irrigation performance were analyzed and the changes of irrigation performance of border irrigation were revealed. Results showed that irrigation efficiency, distribution uniformity and storage efficiency decreased with the infiltration variation coefficient increased. The decrease range of the irrigation application efficiency and storage efficiency was smaller respectively compared with that of distribution uniformity. Therefore the spatial variability of soil infiltration coefficient has greater effect on distribution uniformity than the irrigation application efficiency and storage efficiency. The method proposed in this paper can much better reflect the actual irrigation performance of border irrigation and provide a proper irrigation scheme with theoretical foundation and technological support. Number of references:20 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Efficiency - Infiltration - Seepage - Soil surveys - Soils Uncontrolled terms:Border irrigation - Clay loams - Distribution uniformity - Evaluation of irrigation performance - Infiltration parameters - Irrigation efficiency - Irrigation performance - Irrigation schemes - Objective evaluation - Sandy loams - Soil characteristics - Soil infiltration - Spatial variability - Storage efficiency - Technological supports - Theoretical foundations - Variation coefficient Classification code:407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.019 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 10> Accession number:20120314688265 Title:Influence of flow velocity circulation at guide vane outlet of axial-flow pump on hydraulic loss in outlet conduit Authors:Liang, Jindong (1); Lu, Linguang (1); Xu, Lei (1); Chen, Wei (1); Wang, Gang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China Corresponding author:Lu, L.(yzlulg@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:55-60 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study influence of the velocity circulation at the guide vane outlet on the hydraulic performance of outlet conduit for a large pump system quantitatively, the methods to calculate velocity circulation and to measure the average angular velocity for the flow at the guide vane outlet of the pump system were put forward, the influence of circulation on the hydraulic losses of both siphon and straight outlet conduit were studied numerically and experimentally. The results indicated that the hydraulic loss of the outlet conduit was obviously influenced by the circulation at the guide vane outlet. There was an optimum circulation for the hydraulic loss of the outlet conduit to be minimized, the optimum circulation for siphon and straight outlet conduit was 0.972 and 1.308 m<sup>2</sup>/s respectively. The hydraulic losses calculated of the siphon and straight conduit under the condition of the optimal circulation were respectively lower 0.126 and 0.180 m than those under the condition of zero circulation. This study above could be helpful to optimal hydraulic design both for outlet conduit and guide vane of an axial-flow pump. Number of references:21 Main heading:Pumps Controlled terms:Boiler circulation - Numerical methods - Optimization - Siphons - Velocity Uncontrolled terms:Axial flow pump - Guide vane - Hydraulic designs - Hydraulic loss - Hydraulic performance - Outlet conduit - Pump system Classification code:614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 618.2 Pumps - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.011 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 11> Accession number:20120314688266 Title:Eddy current loss of containment shell of high-speed magnetic driving pump Authors:Kong, Fanyu (1); Zhang, Yong (1); Shao, Fei (1); Wang, Zhiqiang (2); Xue, Ling (1) Author affiliation:(1) Technical and Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Shanghai Kaiquan Pump (Group) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201804, China Corresponding author:Kong, F.(kongm@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:61-65 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to quickly and accurately study the effects of containment shell material on the eddy current loss of high-speed magnetic drive pump, containment shells using materials TC4 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti were simulated using ANSYS software. The numerical results of eddy current loss were compared with those of experiment. The comparison results showed that, the eddy current loss generated by 1Cr18Ni9Ti was 2.26 times more than that of TC4 when other parameters were the same. The numerical results were in agreement with that of experiment, thus the credibility of numerical simulation eddy current loss was proved. Besides, it was also proved that TC4 was an ideal material for containment shells of magnetic driving pump. Number of references:14 Main heading:Experiments Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Eddy currents - Finite element method - Pumps - Shells (structures) Uncontrolled terms:1Cr18Ni9Ti - ANSYS software - Comparison result - Containment shells - Eddy current-loss - Finite Element - High-speed - Magnetic drive pumps - Magnetic driving - Numerical results Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 618.2 Pumps - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723.5 Computer Applications - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.012 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 12> Accession number:20120314688288 Title:Optimization of rural biomass waste recycling patterns for biogas-oriented utilization Authors:Ren, Feng (1); Liu, Yingzong (2); Niu, Dongxiao (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Business and Administration, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (2) School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China Corresponding author:Ren, F.(renfeng2002@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:190-195 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Scientific recycling of rural biomass waste is the foundation of its biogas-oriented utilization. In the background of energy shortage in the world, the rural biogas company was proposed to establish to recycle the abundant biomass waste in rural areas efficiently and scientifically. Four recycling patterns were given in this paper. Each recycling pattern was studied from the perspectives of the recovery, recycling price and optimal profit, and the conclusion was drawn that the joint recycling pattern was the best pattern and the increasing fund support was the key factor for the healthy and sustainable development of rural biomass waste recycling industry. The study had an important reference value to establish a scientific rural energy system to meet rural energy needs and ease the pressure of energy shortage. Number of references:20 Main heading:Energy conversion Controlled terms:Biogas - Biomass - Energy conservation - Energy management - Optimization - Profitability - Recycling - Rural areas - Wastes Uncontrolled terms:Biomass wastes - Energy shortages - Key factors - Reference values - Rural energy Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 522 Gas Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.034 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 13> Accession number:20120314688291 Title:Design on LED flexible light system and its effect on growth of spinach Authors:Liu, Xiaoying (1); Xu, Zhigang (1); Jiao, Xuelei (1); Chen, Weiping (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author:Jiao, X.(jiaoxl@njau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:208-212 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to introduce effect of the light emitting diodes (LED) light system on growth and chlorophyll content of spinach, hardware and software of the flexible controlled LED light system were designed. The growth test of spinach under six different light quality LED and set fluorescence lamp as control was carried out. The result showed that light quality, light intensity, photoperiod and duty cycle the LED light system could be flexible controlled and were good light system for supplement light or researches of photobiology. The result of growth experiment in spinach under the light treatments showed that petiole length, leaf area, petiole and root length of the red, blue and yellow (RBY) LED treatment were significantly greater than those of other treatments, and more robust. Furthermore, photosynthetic pigment content of the RBY treatment was significantly higher than other treatments. Supplement yellow light on the basis of the red and blue composite light was benefit to synthesize photosynthetic pigments and significantly promote the growth of spinach. Number of references:20 Main heading:Light emitting diodes Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Flexible structures - Growth (materials) - Light - Plants (botany) - Quality control Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Duty cycles - Hardware and software - Leaf area - LED light system - LED lights - Light intensity - Light quality - Light systems - Light treatments - Photobiology - Photosynthetic pigments - Root length - Spinach - Yellow light Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 461.9 Biology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.037 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 14> Accession number:20120314688292 Title:Effect of cultivating years of vegetable field on soil heavy metal content and enzyme activity in plastic shed Authors:Chen, Bihua (1); Yang, Helian (1); Zhou, Junguo (1); Ren, Xiujuan (1); Ma, Jie (1); Sun, Li (1); Li, Xinzheng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China Corresponding author:Li, X.(lxz2283@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:213-218 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to discuss effect of different cultivating years on soil heavy metal accumulation and enzyme activity in plastic shed vegetable field and the relationship between them, the 140 samples of soil were collected from plastic shed vegetable field of different cultivating years (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 a), and their heavy metal contents and enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that the contents of Zn, Pb and Cu were most significantly correlated with cultivating years respectively, the contents of Cd, Ni and Mn were significantly correlated with cultivating years respectively, the content of Cr was not correlated with cultivating years. The activities of soil peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and amylase were most significantly correlated with cultivating years respectively, the activities of soil phosphatase and saccharase were significantly correlated with cultivating years respectively, the activities of soil catalase, urease and protease were not correlated with cultivating years respectively. With cultivating years increasing, the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were inhibited the contents of Zn and Cu, the sensitivity order was sensitivity of peroxidase to Zn > sensitivity of polyphenol oxidase to Zn > sensitivity of peroxidase to Cu > sensitivity of polyphenol oxidase to Cu. The soil peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase could be regarded as the indicator enzyme of Zn pollution, the soil peroxidase could be regarded as the indicator enzyme of Cu pollution. The study provides a foundation for soil environmental quality evaluation in polluted protected field. Number of references:32 Main heading:Soil pollution Controlled terms:Bioaccumulation - Chromium - Copper - Enzyme activity - Greenhouses - Heavy metals - Lead - Manganese - Metals - Pollution - Soils - Vegetables - Zinc Uncontrolled terms:Cultivating years - Environmental quality - Heavy metal accumulation - Heavy metal contents - Pb and Cu - Polyphenol oxidase - Vegetable Field Classification code:821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 544.1 Copper - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 543.1 Chromium and Alloys - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.038 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 15> Accession number:20120314688305 Title:Effects of yogurt starters autolysis on quality of yogurt Authors:Sun, Jie (1); Shen, Jin (2); Wang, Xizhuo (2); Tian, Yazhou (2); Lü, Jiaping (1); Liu, Lu (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Lü, J.(lvjp586@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:287-292 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For developing new composite yogurt starters and finding new lactic acid bacteria strains for starters, the effects of yogurt starters autolysis on quality of yogurt, such as acid producing ability and curd ability of strains, yogurt viscosity, water-holding ratio, flavor compounds, acidification in shelf-life were studied. The results showed that coagulation time decreased significantly by using high autolysis rate lactic acid bacteria strains fermented yogurt, were positively related to acid producing ability of lactic acid bacteria starters. There was no relative correlation between autolysis rate of strains and water-holding ratio, viscosity and flavor compounds of yogurt. However, yogurt acidities were significant influenced by autolysis rate of lactic acid bacteria starters, especially in the simulated shelf life of 10-15°C storage conditions. High autolysis rate starters could decrease acidification level of yogurt. Number of references:12 Main heading:Dairy products Controlled terms:Acidification - Antigen-antibody reactions - Bacteria - Coagulation - Fermentation - Flavor compounds - Lactic acid - Starters - Viscosity Uncontrolled terms:Acid producing - Autolysis - Coagulation time - Lactic acid bacteria - Shelf life - Storage condition - Yogurt Classification code:822.3 Food Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 461 Bioengineering and Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.051 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 16> Accession number:20120314688277 Title:Performance of funnel-shaped plastic bottle for water saving cultivation in extreme arid region Authors:Cao, Lintao (1); Gao, Bin (1); Wang, Qiandao (2); Cao, Yibin (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering and Architecture, Xiangfan University, Xiangyang 441053, China; (2) Xiangyang Municipal Engineering General Corporation, Xiangyang 441000, China Corresponding author:Cao, L.(30caolintao@tongji.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:123-126 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to resolve the plants survival difficulty in high permeability or water-shortage area, the water-saving cultivation by funnel-shaped plastic bottle was studied through laboratory and field tests. Different water losing conditions were simulated in the laboratory to continuously test water content of sandy soil in the plastic bottle every day. Then, the regressive function was built to describe the relationship between remaining water content in sandy soil and time. Testing Results showed that the higher the environment temperature was, the greater the rate of water loss. From the saturated water content to the wilting water content, an interval of watering could be 9 days at room temperature ((22±1)°C).The funnel-shaped bottles could delay water loss compared to straight cylinder-shaped bottles. Sand particles combined with organic fertilizers were more facilitated to conserve water than clay soil, and they could be used to adjust the rate of water loss. Field planting tests (with bottles and without bottles) confirmed its water-saving effectiveness. Due to high efficiency of water accumulation and saving, funnel-shaped bottles can benefit plants cultivation in high permeability or water-shortage area. Number of references:16 Main heading:Bottles Controlled terms:Arid regions - Clay - Fertilizers - Permeation - Plastic bottles - Sand - Soil moisture - Water conservation Uncontrolled terms:Clay soil - Environment temperature - Field test - Funnel-shaped - High permeability - Organic fertilizers - Room temperature - Sand particles - Sandy soils - Saturated water - Testing results - Water accumulation - Water losing - Water loss - Water-saving Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.023 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 17> Accession number:20120314688268 Title:Wind tunnel test on vibration reduction of forest by spring damper in casing pipe Authors:Zhou, Jianzhong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Zhou, J.(zjzonline@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:72-77 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce wind-induced vibration damage of forest, four spring dampers in casing pipe were developed based on vibration reduction theory in this article, and wind-induced vibration reduction of four Populus alba var. pyramidalis specimens were carried out separately by them. In a self-made simple wind tunnel, contrast tests of vibration reduction with/without the action of damper were carried out by simulating natural wind environment; comparative characteristics curves of wind-induced dynamic strain, wind-induced dynamic displacement, wind-induced dynamic speed and wind-induced dynamic acceleration response were obtained. Results showed that wind-induced dynamic response of forest could be measured by strain gages pasting on forest and charge accelerometer installed on forest, and wind-induced dynamic peak response, such as strain, displacement, velocity and acceleration, could be reduced effectively by spring damper in casing pipe fixed on forest, and the effect of vibration reduction of forest equipped with spring damper in casing pipe was very good. Spring damper in casing pipe developed in this paper has features such as relative simple structure, low cost, and good weather resistance, and therefore it is suitable for popularization over large areas, especially suitable for wind disaster protection of forest in difficult stand conditions. Wind disaster protection of forest are carried out through the use of spring damper in casing pipe developed in this paper, and the methods in this paper give a new approach to wind disaster protection of forest. Number of references:15 Main heading:Forestry Controlled terms:Accelerometers - Dynamic response - Oil well casings - Pipe - Shock absorbers - Vibrations (mechanical) - Wind tunnels Uncontrolled terms:Casing pipe - Disaster protection - Dynamic acceleration - Dynamic displacements - Dynamic speed - Dynamic strain - Effect of vibration - Low costs - Natural wind - Peak response - Populus - Simple structures - Vibration reductions - Weather resistance - Wind induced vibrations - Wind tunnel tests Classification code:943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 931.1 Mechanics - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 408.1 Structural Design, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.014 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 18> Accession number:20120314688935 Title:Optimization of power matching on torque converter with diesel engine for wheel loader based on performance evaluation mesh figure Authors:Chang, Lü (1) Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China Corresponding author:Chang, L.(changlv7114@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:50-54 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The performance evaluation indexes for matching torque converter with diesel engine are so many that it is difficult to determine their index weights. In order to solve this problem. The optimization method on matching torque converter with diesel engine for wheel loader based on performance evaluation mesh figure was put forward in this paper. The performance evaluation indexes matching torque converter with diesel engine for wheel loader included five items, such as the rated conditions approach degree, the activation energy degree, the economic zone tolerance, the power delivery constant, and the fuel consumption coefficients. The five matching performance indexes were defined and calculated, respectively. According to the size of the calculated value, the performance evaluation mesh figure about matching torque converter with diesel engine for wheel loader was constructed. This figure aimed at optimizing the minimum area of the performance evaluation mesh figure, constructing the objective function, optimizing hydraulic torque converter effective diameter. The original size of hydraulic torque converter effective diameter was 0.360 m, the effective diameter of the optimized hydraulic torque converter on wheel loaders was 0.350 m. After optimization, the matching performance of engine and torque converter was increased by 5.7%. Based on performance evaluation mesh figure, the optimization method improves the performance of matching torque converter with diesel engine. Number of references:15 Main heading:Diesel engines Controlled terms:Activation energy - Construction equipment - Electric power transmission - Engines - Hydraulic torque converters - Loaders - Mining machinery - Optimization - Torque - Torque converters - Wheels Uncontrolled terms:Calculated values - Consumption coefficient - Economic zones - Effective diameter - Index weight - Matching performance - Mesh figure - Objective functions - Optimization method - Performance evaluation - Power delivery - Power matching - Rated condition - Wheel loader - Wheel loaders Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 612 Engines - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 601.2 Machine Components - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 405.1 Construction Equipment DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.010 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 19> Accession number:20120314688270 Title:Experiment on flow pattern in labyrinth emitter Authors:Li, Zhiqin (1); Ma, Jing (2) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China Corresponding author:Li, Z.(lzq_lzq@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:82-86 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to analyze the flow pattern and the critical Reynolds number of flow pattern conversion to each other in the runner of the labyrinth emitter, the tests of the water flow for the model with five different sizes of runner were conducted, the phenomena of water flow were observed and analyzed, the relationship between the head loss and average velocity in the labyrinth runner was analyzed, and the relationship between friction loss and average velocity along the straight runner that with the same section size as the labyrinth runner was analyzed. The results show that: The labyrinth path has great disturbance on the flow, making the laminar flow change into the transition region when Reynolds number is 41.5; the laminar flow may occur in the labyrinth units at the entrance section which accounts for 10%-12% of the whole labyrinth units. as a whole, the flow pattern can be regarded as turbulence or transition region; unlike the classical Reynolds test, the head loss in the labyrinth path is proportional to the 2.0-2.5th power of average velocity of section; the flow pattern index of labyrinth emitter can be 0.4-0.5; and the critical Reynolds number of flow state conversion between transition region and the turbulence ranges from 87.5 to 125.0 in the test. Number of references:21 Main heading:Flow patterns Controlled terms:Flow of water - Hydraulics - Laminar flow - Losses - Reynolds number - Turbulence Uncontrolled terms:Average velocity - Critical Reynolds number - Different sizes - Emitter - Flow state - Friction loss - Head loss - Labyrinth channel - Pattern index - Reynolds - Section size - Transition regions - Water flows Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 911.2 Industrial Economics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.016 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 20> Accession number:20120314688293 Title:Analysis of cultivated land consolidation potential in China Authors:Tang, Xiumei (1); Chen, Baiming (2); Zhang, Leina (3); Gu, Xiaokun (4) Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (3) Center for Management, Ministry of Land Resources, Beijing 100035, China; (4) College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China Corresponding author:Tang, X.(Tangxm@nercita.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:219-224 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Land consolidation plays an important role in increasing cultivated land. Therefore, the paper proposed a method to measure the cultivated land consolidation potential in China. Meanwhile, based on survey data of land use changed in 2008, the farmland classification data and background information of typical project of cultivated land consolidation, the potentials of the cultivated land consolidation were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively at the county scale. The results proved the considerable and concentrated potential capacities in China. The counties with high quantitative potential mainly distributed in Heilongjiang and Jilin in northeast China, Henan, Anhui and Hubei in the east, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan in the southwest, Xinjiang in the northwest; Those with high qualitative potential were in Heilongjiang in the northeast, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia in the northwest, Shandong and Anhui in the east, Hubei and Hunan in central China, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan in the southwest. The study can facilitate recognition about distribution of the potentiality and designation of the key regions of cultivated land consolidation in China, and can provide data reference for planning national comprehensive land management. Number of references:20 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Consolidation - Measurements Uncontrolled terms:Background information - China - Cultivated lands - Evaluation - Guizhou - Inner Mongolia - Land managements - Northeast China - Potential - Potential capacity - Shandong - Sichuan - Survey data - Xinjiang Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.039 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 21> Accession number:20120314688261 Title:Design and experiment on furrowing and anti-blocking unit for no-till planter Authors:Wang, Qingjie (1); He, Jin (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Lu, Caiyun (1); Rasaily, Rabi G. (1); Su, Yanbo (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Li, H.(lhwen@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:27-31 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the problems of residue blocking and difficulty to open the furrow of no-till wheat planter in heavy corn residue cover fields in annual double cropping areas of the North China, a telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit was designed for no-till planter. Its key parameters were determined based on a band between orthogonal test and the structure analysis, and a telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit was used to conduct the field experiment. The field experiment showed that the telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit could solve the problem of straw blocking effectively and improve the seeding quality. Compared with the strip rotary-tilling anti-blocking unit, the telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit could reduce topsoil disturbance quantity by 21.5%; fuel consumption per unit area was reduced by 23.65% when the depth of furrow opening was 10 cm, which could reduce power consumption of tractor. Above all, the telescopic lever furrowing and anti-blocking unit has important value in extending no-tillage planter. Number of references:20 Main heading:Agricultural machinery Controlled terms:Agriculture - Expansion - Experiments - Machine design Uncontrolled terms:Anti-blocking - Furrow - No-till - Planter - Shifter lever Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 951 Materials Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.006 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 22> Accession number:20120314688301 Title:Temperature variation on Shanghaiqing surface during vacuum cooling process Authors:Song, Xiaoyan (1); Liu, Baolin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Food Freezing Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China Corresponding author:Liu, B.(blliuk@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:266-269 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on the characteristic of internal water passages of leafy vegetable, the disciplinarian of temperature variation of "Shanghaiqing" surface during the vacuum cooling process was studied. The temperature near main vein and the one near fine vein both dropped continuously during the vacuum process, while the one around the margin may rise after a fall. Temperature difference between main vein and fine nein and that between fine vein and the margin of leaves, both existed all the time and increased firstly and then decreased. With the increment of final pressure, the final temperature in margin increased, whereas the ones near the main vein and near the fine vein both decreased first and then increased, so the final pressure shouldn't be set too low. Number of references:19 Main heading:Vacuum Controlled terms:Cooling - Energy storage - Temperature distribution - Vacuum applications - Vacuum technology - Vegetables Uncontrolled terms:Final pressure - Leafy vegetables - Temperature differences - Temperature variation - Vacuum cooling - Vacuum process Classification code:633 Vacuum Technology - 633.1 Vacuum Applications - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.047 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 23> Accession number:20120314688282 Title:Detection and analysis of fish culture water by electronic tongue Authors:Zhao, Yu (1); Wei, Zhenbo (1); Wang, Jun (1) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Corresponding author:Wang, J.(jwang@zju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:153-160 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this research, an electronic tongue was employed to distinguish goldfish's cultured water. Three pattern recognition methods were used, which were principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and different cultured density and different cultured day were distinguished by data obtained by e-tongue and physico-chemical index. By results comparison of these three methods, different cultured density and different cultured day could be better distinguished by CDA, and could also be distinguished by PCA combined with physico-chemical index. However, different cultured water could not be distinguished by CA effectively. The results also showed that e-tongue can be employed to distinguish different cultured water by CDA and PCA. Number of references:20 Main heading:Electronic tongues Controlled terms:Chemical detection - Cluster analysis - Discriminant analysis - Error detection - Fish - Pattern recognition - Principal component analysis Uncontrolled terms:Canonical discriminant analysis - E-tongue - Fish cultures - Pattern recognition method - Physico-chemicals Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 801 Chemistry - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.028 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 24> Accession number:20120314688272 Title:Fuzzy evaluation and performance index of variable-rate sprinklers Authors:Liu, Junping (1); Yuan, Shouqi (1); Li, Hong (1); Zhu, Xingye (1) Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Yuan, S.(shouqiy@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:94-99 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The parameters of variable-rate sprinkler changed continuously when it is rotating, and the evaluation index of commonly sprinklers can not reflect the characteristics adequately. To overcome this problem, indexes of rotating time and the sprinkler evaluation index for variable spraying were proposed. The indexes mainly included the wetted radius reduced coefficient, the spraying shape coefficient, the uniformity coefficient, the variations of intensity coefficient and the variations of hit intensity coefficient. The fuzzy mathematics method was adopted, and the fluidic sprinkler typed BPXH20, BPY<inf>1</inf>20 and BPY<inf>2</inf>20 were evaluated with the five evaluation index factors. According to different applications of the sprinklers, the results of evaluation weights value changed by ±20% show that the evaluation weight values of the uniformity coefficient, the variations of intensity coefficient and the variations of hit intensity coefficient were very sensitive but would not impact results of the quality evaluation. It can be concluded that weight values were suitable for evaluating the variable-rate sprinklers in this paper, and the methods may be provided references for other variable-rate sprinklers. Number of references:19 Main heading:Quality control Controlled terms:Algorithms - Estimation - Fuzzy sets - Hose - Rotation Uncontrolled terms:Evaluation index - Fuzzy evaluation - Fuzzy mathematics - Performance indices - Quality evaluation - Rotating time - Shape coefficients - Sprinkler - Variable rate - Weight values Classification code:601.1 Mechanical Devices - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.018 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 25> Accession number:20120314688300 Title:Degradation of ethylene in fruit and vegetable cold storage using positive direct current corona discharge Authors:Lin, Yi (1); Ye, Shengying (1); Song, Xianliang (1); Luo, Shucan (1); Ou, Chunfeng (1); Shen, Shengwen (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Ye, S.(yesy@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:260-265 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to probe the feasibility of an innovative method of ethylene degradation in fruit and vegetable storage using a positive direct current corona, taking a multi-needle-to-cylinder type corona discharge reactor as research object, the impact of key parameters, including the discharge power per unit volume, the air flow rate and the air relative humidity, on the discharge characteristics and the degradation efficiency of ethylene were studied in this article. The results showed that the positive direct current corona discharge had an excellent effect on degradation of ethylene and the Weibull model could be used to describe the discharge degradation of ethylene. The corona threhold voltage decreased with an increasing of either the air relative humidity or the air flow rate, and the operating range of voltage increased as the air relative humidity raising, yet the difference of the operating range of voltage was not obvious for the air flow rate. A quadratic model was established using a central composite rotation experimental design plan and a least squares regression to describe the relationship between the degradation rate in term of t<inf>R</inf> value(the time needed to degrade 90% of the ethylene in a concentration) of the Weibull model and the affecting parameters, and the effectiveness of this model was verified. Using this model the impact of the discharge power per unit volume, the air flow rate and the air relative humidity were discussed. This paper could provide a basis for the application of this method to degrade ethylene in fruit and vegetable cold storage and for the further studying on the plasma-driven photocatalyst hybird system. Number of references:20 Main heading:Vegetables Controlled terms:Air - Atmospherics - Cold storage - Degradation - Discharge (fluid mechanics) - Electric corona - Ethylene - Flow rate - Fruits Uncontrolled terms:Air flow-rate - Central composite - Corona discharge reactors - Corona discharges - Degradation efficiency - Degradation rate - Direct current - Discharge characteristics - Discharge power - Fruit and vegetables - Innovative method - Key parameters - Least squares regression - Operating ranges - Per unit volume - Post-harvest storage - Quadratic models - Research object - Weibull models Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 706.2 Electric Power Lines and Equipment - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 631 Fluid Flow - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.046 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 26> Accession number:20120314688262 Title:Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler Authors:Li, Xia (1); Fu, Junfeng (1); Zhang, Dongxing (1); Cui, Tao (1); Zhang, Rui (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, ShiHeZi University, Shihezi 832003, China Corresponding author:Zhang, D.(zhangdx@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:32-36 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A vibration subsoiler model 1SZ-460 was developed based on vibration principle in order to reduce the traction resistance. Vibration was selected as the main factor for the experimental design, and field experiments were carried out in different stubble of crop. The results showed that the groove profile width was quite different for vibration and nonvibration operations. Subsoiling operation with vibration gave an help to form the rat way to store water, and reduce soil bulk density. Traction resistance with vibration was 6.9%-17% less than that of non-vibration, and the traction resistance was also affected by the differences of soil characteristics and land coverage conditions. The results provide a reference for further study on soil subsoiling as well as mechanical structure optimization. Number of references:17 Main heading:Vibration analysis Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design of experiments - Electric resistance - Electric traction - Experiments - Soils - Structural optimization - Traction (friction) Uncontrolled terms:Experiment analysis - Field experiment - Groove profile - Mechanical structures - Soil bulk density - Soil characteristics - Subsoiler - Traction resistance - Vibrations Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.007 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 27> Accession number:20120314688267 Title:Application of different turbulence models for predicting performance of axial flow pump Authors:Zhang, Desheng (1); Shi, Weidong (1); Zhang, Hua (1); Yao, Jie (1); Guan, Xingfan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Zhang, D.(zds@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:66-71 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to evaluate the performance prediction accuracy of axial flow pump under different turbulence models, the axial flow model used in South-to-North Water Diversion Project was study object, the standard k-Ε, RNG k-Ε (renormalization group k-Ε) and RSM (reynolds stress model) are used to predict the performance of axial flow pump and numerically simulate its flow field based on SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) algorithm and structured hexahedral mesh. The simulated head and efficiency error compared with experimental results which are tested by ministry of water resources in Tianjin were analyzed. The results showed that simulation results were affected by the mesh density, and the head and efficiency prediction errors were increased by the sparse grid in the large flow rata and small flow rata conditions, which would reach 3% or more; Predictive errors of the head for Standard k-Ε, RNG k-Ε and RSM turbulence model were 0.97%, 1.12% and 1.24% respectively, and the efficiency of errors were 2.93%, 2.49% and 2.97% under the optimal conditions, which could meet the needs of engineering applications. However, the flow field is complex because the secondary flow and cavitations exist under off-design conditions. The head maximum predictive error range of three turbulence models was 9.40%-14.30%, the efficiency was 4.48%-8.30%. The conclusions in this paper will provide a reliable performance prediction data and practice for the axial flow pump. Number of references:20 Main heading:Axial flow Controlled terms:Efficiency - Error analysis - Flood control - Flow fields - Forecasting - Pumps - Reynolds number - Statistical mechanics - Turbulence models - Water resources - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Axial flow pump - Engineering applications - Grid - Hexahedral mesh - Mesh density - Off design condition - Optimal conditions - Performance prediction - Prediction errors - Predictive error - Reliable performance - Renormalization group - Reynolds stress models - Semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations - Simulated heads - South-to-North water diversion project - Sparse grid - Tianjin Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.013 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 28> Accession number:20120314688296 Title:Early warning of cultivated land requisition-compensation balance in Karst mountainous county area Authors:He, Tengbing (1); Jin, Lei (2); Deng, Dongdong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (2) College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China; (3) Land Resources Bureau of Qingzhen City, Guiyang 551400, China Corresponding author:He, T.(hetengbing@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:238-243 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To realize sustainable utilization of cultivated land and ensure dynamic balance of the cultivated land resource, it is necessary to analyze cultivated land requisition-compensation balance in Karst mountainous county area. With objective properties analysis included general planning of land utilization, cultivated requisition-compensation balance, relationships between human and land, environment, cultivated utilization effect, this study put forward the early warning index system of cultivated land requisition-compensation balance in Karst Mountainous area. Based on the index and regression analysis, the early warning of cultivated land requisition-compensation balance in Qianxi county of Guizhou province was analyzed. The results showed that the fluctuation of integrated index of the early warning of cultivated land requisition-compensation balance in Qianxi county of Guizhou province was intensive during 1996 to 2008. The intensity of early warning could be divided into five levels: no warning, light warning, medium warning, serious warning and severe warning. From 2009 to 2020, the integrated index of the early warning showed continuous reduce, and the cultivated land requisition-compensation balance would be in no warning level from 2009 to 2015, light warning level in 2016 and medium warning level from 2017 to 2020. This research could provide scientific basis for analyzing cultivated land requisition-compensation balance and guaranteeing food security in the region. Number of references:22 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Estimation - Food supply - Landforms - Regression analysis Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated land - Cultivated lands - Dynamic balance - Early warning - Food security - Guizhou Province - Land utilization - Mountainous area - Requisition-compensation balance - Sustainable utilization Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 404.2 Civil Defense - 481.1 Geology - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.042 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 29> Accession number:20120314688279 Title:Classification of cotton blind stinkbug based on Gabor wavelet and color moments Authors:Zhang, Jianhua (1); Qi, Lijun (1); Ji, Ronghua (2); Yuan, Xue (1); Li, Hui (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Optimize The Design of Modern Agricultural Equipment Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Qi, L.(qilijun@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:133-138 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The method of classifying cotton blind stinkbugs based on Gabor wavelet and color moments was developed for improving the forecasting and warning of blind stinkbug disaster under field conditions. In this method, Gabor wavelet and color moments were used to extract texture features and color features from cotton blind stinkbugs, in order to detect cotton blind stinkbug with principal component analysis and support vector machine. The results of feature extraction and optimization showed that cumulative contribution rate of first three principal components was 87.3%, and first three principal components obtained better clustering results. Cotton blind stinkbug classification results found combination of first three principal components and radial basis function support vector machine better than others. Training time and accuracy rate of the methods were 89 ms and 91%, respectively. The study results showed that the proposed classification method could be used to accurately classify the five kind of blind stinkbugs. Number of references:19 Main heading:Principal component analysis Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Clustering algorithms - Color - Cotton - Feature extraction - Machine components - Radial basis function networks - Support vector machines Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy rate - Blind stinkbug - Classification methods - Classification results - Clustering results - Color features - Color moments - Contribution rate - Field conditions - Gabor wavelets - Principal Components - Radial basis functions - Support vector - Texture features - Training time Classification code:819.1 Natural Fibers - 741.1 Light/Optics - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 601.2 Machine Components - 721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.025 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 30> Accession number:20120314688259 Title:Simulation on cotton dragout mechanism of mesh roller-type cotton and film remnant separator Authors:Zhang, Ruoyu (1); Kan, Za (1); Guo, Wensong (1); Zhang, Haijun (1); An, Honglei (1); Guo, Shuxia (1); Cong, Tengda (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Machinery of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Machinery and Electricity Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Corresponding author:Kan, Z.(kz-shz@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:17-21 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce the loss of cotton in the separation process, the suspending velocity 2.6 and 0.8 m/s of the two kinds of materials were obtained through calculating and experiment. The velocity distribution in the key region was analysed using the Fluent software, as the inlet wind velocity set at 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 m/s, respectively. The result indicated that under the condition of 4.0 m/s inlet wind velocity, the velocity content was 85%-86% during 0.8-2.6 m/s, which was the most according with the demand. The result indicated that both the experimental results and the simulative results were very similar. This study provides reference for further focusing on optimizing and designing the separator. Number of references:21 Main heading:Cotton Controlled terms:Separation - Separators - Velocity - Velocity distribution Uncontrolled terms:FLUENT software - Mesh roller-type - Separation process - Simulation - Suspension velocity - Wind velocities Classification code:802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.004 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 31> Accession number:20120314688281 Title:Quantitative modeling method of soil organic matter content based on near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy Authors:Tian, Yongchao (1); Zhang, Juanjuan (1); Yao, Xia (1); Cao, Weixing (1); Zhu, Yan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) College of Information and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China Corresponding author:Zhu, Y.(yanzhu@njau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:145-152 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Near-infrared reflectance photoacoustic spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to fast determination of soil organic matter (SOM) by different quantitative methods. The dried samples of five different soil types in the middle and eastern China were selected to assess the quantitative estimation of SOM based on different modeling methods. First derivative, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and smoothing algorithms were used to preprocess the original spectra before the calibration models were developed. The results showed that different pre-processing algorithms markedly affected the accuracy of SOM calibration models. The sequence of SOM models with different pre-processing algorithms was MSC Norris-gap first derivative smoothing filter (NGFD) > MSC > Norris first derivative smoothing filter > standard normal variate (SNV) > Norris-gap second derivative smoothing filter (NGSD) > LOG > Savitzky-Golay first derivative (SGFD) > Savitzky-Golay second derivative (SGSD). The spectra processed with the combination of MSC and NGFD performed the best among all the pre-processing algorithms. In addition, the calibration model based on PLS-BPNN displayed the highest estimation accuracy with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.97 and RMSEP of 1.88, followed by PLS, SMLR and PCR, while the validation model with independent data gave R<sup>2</sup> of 0.97 and RMSEP of 1.72, respectively. These results indicated that PLS-BPNN based on MSC-NGFD spectra was a potentially optimal method for SOM estimation. Number of references:27 Main heading:Photoacoustic spectroscopy Controlled terms:Algorithms - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Calibration - Estimation - Infrared devices - Neural networks - Organic compounds - Photoacoustic effect - Soils Uncontrolled terms:BP - Calibration model - Eastern China - First derivative - Modeling method - Multiplicative scatter correction - Near Infrared - Near infrared reflectance - Norris smoothing - Optimal methods - Pre-processing algorithms - Preprocess - Quantitative estimation - Quantitative method - Quantitative modeling - Savitzky-Golay - Second derivatives - Smoothing algorithms - Smoothing filters - Soil organic matter contents - Soil organic matters - Soil types - Standard normal variates - Validation model Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 741.1 Light/Optics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.027 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 32> Accession number:20120314688286 Title:Greenhouse gas emission of sweet sorghum ethanol in life-cycle Authors:Gao, Hui (1); Hu, Shanying (1); Li, Yourun (1); Chen, Dingjiang (1); Zhu, Bing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Center for Industrial Ecology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Corresponding author:Hu, S.(hxr-dce@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:178-183 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Sweet sorghum acts as one of the most promising crops for non-food bioethanol industry in China. In this study, four regions around China, namely East Heilongjiang, Central Xinjiang, North Shandong and Hainan are chosen to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of sweet sorghum ethanol production and identify the main factors of the emission. Three scenarios for the sorghum bagasse byproduct re-use are designed for the calculation. The results show that 1) life cycle GHG emission of the four regions in the baseline scenario was 66%-77% that of 90# gasoline with the same heat value; 2) crop planting was a most important secsion affecting the life cycle GHG emission and the utilizations of diesel, electricity and N fertilizer in agricultural production were the main emission factors; 3) the utilization of bagasse byproduct can reduce life cycle GHG emission of sweet sorghum ethanol by 50%-64%. It can provide a reference for establishment of relative policy of sweet sorghum ethanol mass procluctim. Number of references:15 Main heading:Greenhouse gases Controlled terms:Bagasse - Crops - Energy policy - Ethanol - Ethanol fuels - Fuels - Gas emissions - Life cycle Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Bioethanol industry - Emission factors - Ethanol production - GHG emission - Heat value - N fertilizers - Shandong - Sweat sorghum - Sweet sorghum - Xinjiang Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 525.6 Energy Policy - 913.1 Production Engineering - 524 Solid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 523 Liquid Fuels DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.032 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 33> Accession number:20120314688256 Title:Industrial layout and development countermeasures of agricultural products processing in producing areas of China Authors:Zhu, Ming (1); Shen, Jin (1); Sun, Jie (1); Nie, Yuyan (1); Yang, Qin (1); Wang, Xizhuo (1) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Zhu, M. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:1-6 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The main producing area distribution of bulk agricultural products and industrial layout of bulk agricultural products processing industry were analyzed. It is showed that the basic layout of preliminary processing of bulk agricultural produce in producing areas has formed. Small-scale enterprises, blind investment, disorderly competition, low level of deep processing and low products added value are the main problems of agricultural produce processing industry in China. So it is urgent for China to realize the conversion from preliminary processing to advanced, high value-added, deep processing mode of bulk agricultural products processing in producing areas, promote internationally compatible standard system and quality control system for agricultural produce processing industry, and form a preliminary popularization system for appropriate technology with Production, Teaching and Research combined developing mechanism, so as to lay a better foundation for rapid and healthy development of agricultural produce producing industry in China. Number of references:22 Main heading:Competition Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Industry - Processing - Teaching Uncontrolled terms:Added values - Appropriate technologies - Deep processing - Development - Industrial layout - Low level - Preliminary processing - Processing industry - Standard system Classification code:913.4 Manufacturing - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 901.2 Education - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.001 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 34> Accession number:20120314688278 Title:Application and decisions of resource use based on agricultural resources and economic data platform Authors:Dong, Shiwei (1); Sun, Danfeng (2); Zhang, Weiwei (1); Li, Hong (1); Yu, Jun (1); Zhou, Liandi (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of System Comprehensive Development, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author:Li, H.(lihsdf@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:127-132 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Professional decision-making models and technology methods were developed to solve practical problems in agricultural resources and environment based on Beijing suburban natural resources and socio-economic information management platform, and they were completed the initial integration with the platform, and a space integrated management which combined Beijing agricultural resources qualitative analysis, quantitative calculation with visual display was achieved. Firstly, structure and decision application interactive implementation of decision application system module were introduced. Secondly, Beijing agricultural resource use decision-making models and technology and its preliminary application results were elaborated based on synthetic management platform. Finally, synthetic management platform future works were pointed out from professional decision model integrated methods, normalization and standardization, and security system. After four years of construction and operation, decision-making module based on platform system has been initially applied in Beijing agricultural and rural related businesses supporting management, and it is very great significant for Beijing new socialist countryside construction and rural three agricultural development. Number of references:30 Main heading:Decision making Controlled terms:Agriculture - Data fusion - Integration - Knowledge management - Models - Natural resources management Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Agricultural resources - Application systems - Decision making models - Decision models - Economic data - Integrated management - Integrated method - Interactive implementation - Management information - Management platforms - Module-based - Platform systems - Practical problems - Qualitative analysis - Quantitative calculation - Resource use - Socio-economics - Synthetic integration - Visual display Classification code:912.2 Management - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.2 Calculus - 723.5 Computer Applications - 454 Environmental Engineering - 444 Water Resources - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.024 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 35> Accession number:20120314688257 Title:Present situation and suggestion on preliminary processing of agricultural products in China Authors:Li, Lite (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Li, L.(llt@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:7-10 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on the research of agriculture and food production in China, the urgent problems of the preliminary processing of agricultural products were pointed out: such as distribution, cleaning, drying, preservation, storage, transportation of agricultural products and marketing information etc. The preliminary processing of agricultural products is a system engineering. Learning experiences from the other countries, specific recommendations were given: it needed long-term stability government-funded. Through the support of government, mechanical equipment, storage facilities were completed by research institutions and enterprises. Modernization of the agricultural business as a carrier, efforts should be made to train farmers operators, organize agricultural cooperatives, create agricultural products processing industry clusters, focusing on the origin conditions and products advantage, establish local standards, facing market needs, based on independent business and innovation, create local brand. It points direction for the preliminary processing of agricultural products in China. Number of references:6 Main heading:Cleaning Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Food storage - Processing - Societies and institutions - Thermal processing (foods) Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural business - Agriculturee - As distribution - China - Food production - Learning experiences - Long term stability - Market needs - Marketing information - Mechanical equipment - Preliminary processing - Present situation - Processing industry - Research institutions - Storage facilities - Urgent problems Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.1.1 Societies and Institutions - 913.4 Manufacturing DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.002 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 36> Accession number:20120314688287 Title:Current status, incentives and constraints for future development of biogas industry in China Authors:Wang, Fei (1); Cai, Yaqing (2); Qiu, Huanguang (2) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author:Qiu, H.(hgqiu.ccap@igsnrr.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:184-189 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The growing demand for oil imports and the pressure to tackle environmental degradation have given rise to mounting attentions on biogas development in China. A comprehensive overview of biogas development in China, technology improvement, and related government policies were provided. The potential driving forces and constraints for its future development were also systematically analyzed. Based on the results of this study, policy suggestions were recommended for the sustainable development of China's biogas industry. The results showed that, with the development in the last 60 years, China's biogas had increased rapidly, several models in sustainable use of biogas had emerged, and the government support had largely promoted biogas development in China. Although the concerns for energy shortage and environmental protection would still drive the expansion of China's biogas in the future, the decline of backyard farming system, the shortage of household capacity in raising capital for biogas investment, and the incompleteness of biogas support policies would constrain the future development of biogas in China. Based on the results of this analysis, policy suggestions for sustainable development of China's biogas in the future were provided. Number of references:28 Main heading:Biogas Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Environmental protection - International trade - Investments - Planning - Sustainable development Uncontrolled terms:Constraint - Current status - Driving forces - Energy shortages - Farming system - Growing demand - Oil import - Policy suggestion - Policy suggestions - Support policy - Sustainable use - Technology improvement Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 522 Gas Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 911.4 Marketing DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.033 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 37> Accession number:20120314688299 Title:Design and experiment of controlled atmosphere system based on liquid nitrogen injection for fresh-keeping transportation Authors:Wang, Guanghai (1); Lü, Enli (1); Lu, Huazhong (1); Han, Xiaoteng (1); Zhang, Mingbang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Automotive, Guangdong Jidian Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510515, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Lü, E.(enlilv@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:255-259 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A test platform of controlled atmosphere system based on liquid nitrogen injection was established, so as to control the oxygen and carbon dioxide level automatically in the container. A control scheme prior controlling the temperature was designed with double limited values. Bananas were used as experiment materials for controlled atmosphere system based on liquid nitrogen injection. The results indicated that the change of oxygen level was affected significantly by container tightness. Low container tightness would increase the operation frequency of the actuator and waste liquid nitrogen. The decreased rate of oxygen level was found not distinctly affected by different packages of bananas, whether plastic crate or carton, but mainly affected by different initial temperature. High initial temperature ensured constant liquid nitrogen injection and reduced consumed time, while low intial temperature caused intermittent nitrogen injection and required extra time. This temperature prior strategy was proved stable and could serve as reference for further development of fresh-keeping transportation equipment. Number of references:20 Main heading:Atmospheric temperature Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Containers - Experiments - Fruits - Global warming - Liquid nitrogen - Liquids - Nitrogen - Oxygen - Protective atmospheres - Transportation Uncontrolled terms:Banana - Control schemes - Controlled atmosphere - Controlled atmosphere systems - Controlled system - Further development - Nitrogen injection - Operation frequency - Oxygen levels - Plastic crates - Test platforms - Transportation equipments Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 694 Packaging - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 691 Bulk Handling and Unit Loads - 434 Waterway Transportation - 433 Railroad Transportation - 432 Highway Transportation - 431 Air Transportation - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.045 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 38> Accession number:20120314688263 Title:Simulation analysis and experiment on influence of road spectrum of cane field on cutting quality Authors:Fan, Zhida (1); Li, Shangping (2); Ma, Fanglan (1); Li, Wan (3); Lai, Xiao (1); Xue, Bin (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (2) Physics and Materials Department, Qinzhou College, Qinzhou 535000, China; (3) Hoisting Machinery Branch Company, Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China Corresponding author:Fan, Z.(fanzhida@324@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:37-41 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:When a mini-type sugarcane harvester moves on the sloping field, its' cutter suffers from violent vibration, which affects the cutting quality. The field roughness was measured by using the field spectrum with the method of measuring acceleration. The influence of the field roughness on vibration of cutter was analyzed and verified by simulation analysis of the virtual prototype. The results showed that the best cutting quality could be obtained when the blade speed was 600 or 1000 r/min after experimental analysis. The results can provide a reference for the development of prototype. Number of references:18 Main heading:Quality control Controlled terms:Cutting - Harvesters - Roads and streets - Spectrum analysis - Vibration analysis Uncontrolled terms:Blade speed - Cutting quality - Experimental analysis - Field spectra - Road spectrum - Simulation - Simulation analysis - Vibrations - Virtual prototype Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.008 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 39> Accession number:20120314688274 Title:Parameters simplification of Green-Ampt infiltration models and relationships between infiltration and soil physical parameters Authors:Liu, Shanshan (1); Bai, Meijian (1); Xu, Di (1); Li, Yinong (1); Hu, Weidong (3) Author affiliation:(1) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing 100048, China; (2) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; (3) Water Conservation Office of Xinjiang Corps Water Conservancy Bureau, Urumqi 830002, China Corresponding author:Bai, M.(baimj@iwhr.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:106-110 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Simplifying the Green-Ampt infiltration model type and reducing its number of parameters have important significance for the practical application of the model. Based on the derivation of the relationship between the average matrix potential suction of the wetting front and the soil sorptivity of Philip model, the simplified Green-Ampt infiltration model was proposed. Using the field observed data obtained from two loam soil fields of 222 corps in Xinjiang province, the relationships between parameters of simplified Green-Ampt model and soil physical parameters were analyzed and then the quantitative experience conversion function was constructed. Results showed that infiltration parameter A was logarithm negative correlated with initial water content, and the correlation coefficient was 0.77. A was exponential negative correlated with soil compaction and clay content, and the coefficient was 0.70 and 0.74 respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity K<inf>s</inf> was exponential negative correlation with soil compaction and clay content, and the coefficient was 0.74 and 0.73 respectively. High multiple linear correlation was found between A and soil physical parameters, and the correlation coefficient was 0.90. There was medium multiple linear correlation between K<inf>s</inf> and soil physical parameters, and the correlation coefficient was 0.79. The average relative error between observed data and infiltration parameters obtained by experience conversion function was about 10%. The results indicated that the simplified Green-Ampt model has certain precision in simulating the soil infiltration process. Number of references:18 Main heading:Geologic models Controlled terms:Codes (symbols) - Compaction - Correlation methods - Hydraulic conductivity - Infiltration - Models - Seepage - Soil mechanics - Soils Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Clay content - Conversion function - Correlation coefficient - Green-Ampt infiltration - Green-Ampt infiltration model - Green-Ampt model - Infiltration parameters - Linear correlation - Loam soils - matrix - Negative correlation - Observed data - Physical parameters - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil compaction - Soil infiltration - Sorptivity - Wetting fronts - Xinjiang Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 632.1 Hydraulics - 536.1 Powder Metallurgy Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.020 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 40> Accession number:20120314688275 Title:Numerical simulation of soil nitrogen transformation for water storage single pit irrigation Authors:Li, Jingling (1); Ma, Juanjuan (1); Sun, Xihuan (1); Li, Jianwen (1); Shen, Xing (1); Liu, Qiuli (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China Corresponding author:Ma, J.(majuanjuan@tyut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:111-117 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency under water storage pit irrigation condition, a mathematical model on soil nitrogen transformation was proposed with characteristics of single water storage pit and was solved by finite volume method, which was verified by the measured data of soil water content and nitrogen transport under indoor experiment conditions with urea fertigation. The results showed that for single water storage pit irrigating with urea application of 1700 mg/L, soil ammonium nitrogen were mainly distributed within the range of 20-70 cm depth, the ammonium content increased gradually during 1-3days and decreased after the seventh day. The soil nitrate aggregated near the water front, the nitrification increased gradually during 1-7days after irrigating and the nitrate content increased gradually within 20-70 cm depth. The simulated results of soil water content, wetting front, ammonium and nitrate content are in proper accord with those corresponding measured data, which indicates that the soil nitrogen transformation model is accurate, and numerical solution with finite volume method is acceptable. The proposed model can be used to simulate the soil nitrogen transformation processes. Number of references:18 Main heading:Geologic models Controlled terms:Ammonium compounds - Computer simulation - Finite volume method - Irrigation - Mathematical models - Mathematical transformations - Metabolism - Metadata - Models - Nitrogen - Numerical methods - Soil moisture - Soils - Urea Uncontrolled terms:Ammonium nitrogen - Fertigations - Indoor experiment - Measured data - Nitrogen transport - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Numerical solution - Simulated results - Soil nitrogen transformations - Soil water content - Under water - Water front - Water storage - Wetting fronts Classification code:921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 461.9 Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.021 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 41> Accession number:20120314688290 Title:Numerical simulation on damage behavior of greenhouse glass under hail impact Authors:Ding, Min (1); Shi, Xudong (1); Zhou, Rui (1); Deng, Xiaohuan (1); Jiang, Xiugen (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Jiang, X.(jiangxiugen@tsinghua.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:202-207 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to analyze hail resistant behavior of greenhouse glass, the numerical simulation on the overall process of random hail impacting greenhouse glass were carried out by using finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA with consideration of hail randomness. The failure modes of greenhouse glass under the impact of hail with different diameter were obtained. And also the failure modes of greenhouse glass with different thickness, different plane size and different constraints under the impact of hail were discussed respectively. At the same time, hail resistant behavior of greenhouse glass was evaluated. The results showed that the effects due to hail flock impacting glass plate was not equal to that due to single hail impacting glass plate. Glass plate 4 mm in thickness could nearly meet the hail resistant requirements of most glass greenhouse. It's suggested that ratio of glass plate length to its width were about 1.5. It was not reliable to improve the hail resistant behavior of greenhouse glass by regulating glass plate constraints. It should be the main aim of hail resistant design of glass greenhouse to ensure the global stability of glass plate under the impact of hail and no large cracks or debris. The fruits were useful to the hail resistant design of greenhouse. Number of references:21 Main heading:Glass Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Computer software - Damage tolerance - Debris - Finite element method - Greenhouses - Impact testing - Precipitation (meteorology) Uncontrolled terms:Damage behavior - Different planes - Different thickness - Finite element analysis software - Glass plate - Global stability - Hail impact Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 812.3 Glass - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 443.3 Precipitation - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.036 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 42> Accession number:20120314688295 Title:Analysis on spatial-temporal change of cultivated land intensive use in Changsha city Authors:Deng, Chuxiong (1); Xie, Binggeng (1); Li, Xiaoqing (1); He, Qufu (2); Zhu, Dongguo (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (2) Business School, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China Corresponding author:Xie, B.(xbgyb@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:230-237 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To understand the time serial change law and spatial variation characteristics of cultivated land intensive use in a certain region, according to the statistical and survey data of land use change in Changsha city from 2001 to 2009, aimed at the cultivated land intensive use, the evaluation index system of cultivated land intensive use was tried to be established, which included 3 layers and 12 specific indicators. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the time serial change law of cultivated land use in each county in Changsha city, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was adopted to appraise the spatial variation characteristics of cultivated land use in Changsha city. The results showed that the degree of cultivated land intensive use advanced in a wave-like form in municipal districts and Liuyang city from 2001 to 2009; degree of cultivated land intensive use increased rapidly year by year after the early period (2001-2004) of first rising and last falling in Changsha county; degree of cultivated land intensive use continued to increase steadily on the whole in Wangcheng and Ningxiang county. In 2009, the cultivated land in municipal districts and Wangcheng county were in the status of high intensive use, and the comprehensive evaluation value of cultivated land intensive use were 0.8638, 0.8456 respectively; cultivated land in Changsha county was in the status of moderate intensive use, and comprehensive evaluation value of cultivated land intensive use was 0.7643; cultivated land in Ningxiang county and Liuyang city were in status of general intensive use, and comprehensive evaluation value of cultivated land intensive use were 0.6902, 0.6645 respectively. The integrated using of two methods provides a good reference to study on cultivated land intensive use in similar regions, research results provides decision support for increase the level of cultivated land intensive use in the process of economic fast development in Changsha city. Number of references:19 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Decision support systems - Indicators (instruments) - Principal component analysis - Spatial variables measurement Uncontrolled terms:Changsha city - Comprehensive evaluation - Cultivated land intensive use - Cultivated lands - Decision supports - Evaluation index system - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation - Land-use change - Principal Components - Research results - Spatial variations - Spatial-temporal changes - Survey data Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.041 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 43> Accession number:20120314688264 Title:Braking energy recuperation characteristics of hydraulic hybrid powertrain with dual-planetary gear sets Authors:Du, Jiuyu (1); Huang, Haiyan (1); Wang, Hewu (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Corresponding author:Du, J.(dujiuyu@tsinghua.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:42-49 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Hydraulic hybrid powertrain has more energy saving potential than that of hybrid electric powertrain under urban driving cycle characterized as higher braking energy ratio and frequent stop-and-start operation. A new type of compound power split hybrid powertrain scheme with dual-planetary was developed in the paper. The characteristics of system power flow under braking condition were analyzed and basis control strategy was proposed. Power flow modes of hydraulic units were analyzed. The dynamic mathematic model was set up to simulate performance of the hydraulic hybrid vehicle under UDDS based on the basic control strategy. The results showed that 28% energy saving on average could be achieved. Number of references:18 Main heading:Braking Controlled terms:Brakes - Energy efficiency - Fuel economy - Hybrid powertrains - Models Uncontrolled terms:Braking conditions - Braking energy - Control strategies - Driving cycle - Energy saving potential - Fuel saving ratio - Gear set - Hybrid scheme - Hybrid-electric powertrain - Hydraulic hybrid vehicles - Hydraulic hybrids - Hydraulic units - Mathematic model - Power flows - Power splits - Regenerative braking Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 902.1 Engineering Graphics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.009 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 44> Accession number:20120314688276 Title:Intelligent micro-irrigation system based on internet of things in arid area Authors:Wu, Qiuming (1); Jiao, Xiyun (2); Pan, Yu (3); He, Shengrong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Automation Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydrology, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210012, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (3) Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China Corresponding author:Jiao, X.(xyjiao@hhu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:118-122 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The intelligent micro-irrigation system based on internet of things technology, an efficient way to agriculture sustainable development in arid area, can realize precision irrigation. With internet of things technique and according to the exact demands of irrigation decision-making and management, the cotton intelligent micro-irrigation system was designed and implemented. This system was applied in the cotton demonstration zone with the technology of drip irrigation under plastic film in Kuala, Xinjiang. The results indicated that the system can solve the difficulties of the layout of soil moisture monitoring points, high price of key hardware products. The intelligent micro-irrigation system cost reduced by 44.8% compared to the foreign similar products, and the system increased WUE by 22.6% compared to the traditional irrigation method. Number of references:17 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Arid regions - Cotton - Decision making - Intelligent systems - Internet - Moisture control - Soil moisture - Wireless networks Uncontrolled terms:Arid area - Drip irrigation - Hardware products - High price - Internet of Things - Microirrigation systems - Precision irrigation - Soil moisture monitoring - Traditional irrigation - Xinjiang - Zig-Bee Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 912.2 Management - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 717 Optical Communication - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.022 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 45> Accession number:20120314688283 Title:Retrieval of plant and soil component temperature under different light conditions based on genetic algorithm Authors:Liu, Zhenhua (1); Zhao, Yingshi (2) Author affiliation:(1) Information of College South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100038, China Corresponding author:Liu, Z.(grassmountain@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:161-166 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve component temperature retrieval precision, the component ratio of pixel was acquired by reflectance spectrum data of ASTER (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer). Because the histogram method was introduced to the genetic algorithm, the optical ranges of parameters research were reduced. And the improved genetic algorithm was used to retrieve three component temperatures: vegetation, sunlit soil and shade soil temperature in the YingKe study area and three temperatures were simulated. To provide a good test data, the retrieval of component temperatures by genetic algorithm under condition of only considering thermal radiation was validated. The results showed that comparing simultaneous field data, the error range of simulated temperature under condition of considering thermal radiation and reflectance data was 0.763%-8.867%, and the error range of simulated temperature under condition of only considering thermal radiation was 8.955%-11.832%, the study results show that the new method is feasible and provide a new way of thinking for retrieval of land surface component temperature. Number of references:20 Main heading:Genetic algorithms Controlled terms:Graphic methods - Heat radiation - Reflection - Remote sensing - Soils Uncontrolled terms:Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer - Component temperatures - Error range - Field data - Histogram - Histogram method - Improved genetic algorithms - Land surface - Light conditions - Optical range - Reflectance data - Reflectance spectrum - Soil components - Soil temperature - Study areas - Test data - Three component - Three temperature Classification code:921 Mathematics - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.029 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 46> Accession number:20120314688303 Title:Effects of pretreatment on air impingement drying characteristics and product color for line pepper Authors:Zhang, Qian (1); Xiao, Hongwei (1); Yang, Xuhai (2); Bai, Junwen (1); Lou, Zheng (1); Gao, Zhenjiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Corresponding author:Gao, Z.(zjgao@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:276-281 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of different pre-treatments on air impingement drying characteristics and product color of line pepper. The experimental results demonstrated that pre-treatments had important effects on drying characteristics and color. It was found that the drilling hole pre-treatment could significantly decrease the drying time, improve drying rate and reduce red pigment loss as well as browning. Color protection was achieved by blanching line peppers at 90°C for 3 min in hot water. It was discovered that hot water blanching pre-treatment could extend drying time. Application of 110°C superheated steam blanching for 3 min could prevent browning. For all pre-drying treatments, the total drying occurred in the deceleration period. Number of references:26 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Blanching - Color - Water - Water treatment Uncontrolled terms:Drilling holes - Drying characteristics - Drying rates - Drying time - Hot water - Line pepper - Pre-drying - Pre-Treatment - Pre-treatments - Product color - Red pigments - Superheated steam Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 642.1 Process Heating - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.049 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 47> Accession number:20120314688298 Title:Contact pressure distribution characteristics of Korla pear fruit at moment of drop impact Authors:Wu, Jie (1); Guo, Kangquan (4); Ge, Yun (1); Wang, Yanyun (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (2) Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi 832003, China; (3) College of Hydraulic and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (4) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Wu, J.(wjshz@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:250-254 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to understand the impact damage mechanism of Korla pear fruit, the contact pressure characteristics of Korla pear impacts against four counterfaces at varied drop heights were measured using prescale<sup>®</sup> pressure sensitive film, the distribution was analyzed and then the relationship between bruising area of Korla pare fruit and contact pressure distributions was determined. The results showed that the peak of contact pressure was 0.5-0.6 MPa for Korla pear impacting against four counterfaces. For Korla pears against steel and plywood surfaces, the pressures tended to a normal distribution with relative small pressure area which approximated to bruising area. Additional, the 0.2-0.3 MPa pressure covered largest area and the average pressure was 0.25-0.28 MPa. In the case of pear dropping onto expanded polyethylene (EPE) and corrugated board at low impact level, the pressures did not conformed to normal distribution and the pressure area was much larger than bruise area of pear. Also, it was founded that the pressure below 0.2 MPa was in larger area and the average pressure was 0.18-0.25 MPa for pear contacts with these cushion materials. With the increasing of the impact level, the pressure area increased linearly. The average pressure changed insignificantly for pear dropped onto rigid materials but tended to increase for impacts against cushion materials when impact level was increased. The linear regress models fitted by the production of pressure area and average pressure can exactly predicate and assess Korla pear bruise area. It provides a reference for designing the mechanized and automated equipment to reduce likelihood of pear bruising occurring. Number of references:17 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Contacts (fluid mechanics) - Corrugated paperboard - Drops - Normal distribution - Pressure distribution - Pressure sensors Uncontrolled terms:Automated equipment - Contact pressure distribution - Contact pressures - Corrugated boards - Drop height - Drop Impact - Impact - Impact damages - Linear regress - Pear fruit - Pressure area - Pressure sensitive films - Rigid material Classification code:694.2 Packaging Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.1 Mechanics - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.044 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 48> Accession number:20120314688280 Title:Early detection of soybean pod anthracnose based on spectrum technology Authors:Feng, Lei (1); Chen, Shuangshuang (1); Feng, Bin (2); Liu, Fei (1); He, Yong (1); Lou, Binggan (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (2) National Agriculture Exhibition Center, Beijing 100026, China; (3) Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Corresponding author:Lou, B.(bglou@zju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:139-144 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to predict soybean pods anthracnose early and effectively, Visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectra technology combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) and least square support vector machines (LS-SVM) was investigated for the rapid and non-destructive discrimination of such soybean disease. Total 194 samples were collected, the best partial least squares (PLS) model was established comparing with the different pretreatment methods. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the best principal components (PCs), and the SPA was used to extract the effective wavelengths. The best PCs and the effective wavelengths were respectively used as input variables for the PCA-LS-SVM and SPA-LS-SVM disease detection models. The validation set indicated that both models had acceptable accuracy rate, especially SPA-LS-SVM model has an accuracy rate of 95.45% in predicting fungal infections. According to the results, SPA was a powerful way for the effective wavelengths selection, and Vis/NIR spectroscopy was feasible for the identification of colletotrichum truncatum on soybean pods. There is a potential to establish an online field application of early plant disease detection based on visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Number of references:22 Main heading:Principal component analysis Controlled terms:Discriminant analysis - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Near infrared spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines Uncontrolled terms:Colletotrichum truncatum - Least Square - Near Infrared - Principal Components - Support vector Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.026 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 49> Accession number:20120314688284 Title:Estimation of winter wheat LAI using hotspot-signature vegetation indices Authors:Chen, Hanyue (1); Niu, Zheng (1); Huang, Wenjiang (3); Huang, Ni (1); Zhang, Ying (1) Author affiliation:(1) The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (4) Center for National Spacebore Demonstration, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author:Niu, Z.(niuz@irsa.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:167-172 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Leaf area index (LAI) is often retrieved from mono-angle remote sensing, the main weaknesses of which are the saturation limits at intermediate values of LAI and lacking structure information. Given the above deficiencies, two new vegetation indices, Soil Adjusted Hotspot-signature Vegetation Index (SAHVI) and Enhanced Hotspot-signature Vegetation Index (EHVI), were proposed for a better quantitative estimation of LAI. To obtain the new indices, we adjusted at-nadir Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Soil Adujsted Vegetation Index (SAVI) to incorporate Hot-Dark Spot (HDS) index respectively that represents spatial distribution pattern of leaves. Next, the red, near-infrared, blue and green bands were exploited to calculate the respective HDS indices. Four HDS indices were compared for correlation with increasing LAI and those relatively more sensitive to LAI variability were then selected to construct SAHVI and EHVI. At last, the linear relationships between the new indices and LAI were investigated based on in-situ measurements of bi-directional reflectance and LAI from winter wheat. It was found stronger correlations between SAHVI, EHVI, NHVI and LAI than between EVI, SAVI, NDVI and LAI. Better resistance to saturation limits were both observed for SAHVI and EHVI. Number of references:26 Main heading:Vegetation Controlled terms:Crops - Reflection - Remote sensing - Spectrum analysis Uncontrolled terms:Bidirectional reflectance - Enhanced vegetation index - Green band - Hot-spot-dark-spot index - In-situ measurement - Leaf Area Index - Linear relationships - Near Infrared - New indices - Quantitative estimation - Spatial distribution patterns - Structure information - Vegetation index - Winter wheat Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.030 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 50> Accession number:20120314688289 Title:Test and simulation of solar silicon battery tracking algorithm based on maximum power point Authors:Wen, Tao (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Li, Zhen (1); Ou'yang, Yuping (1); Liang, Jianlong (3); Zhen, Xin (3) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Machinery Laboratory of China Agriculture (Citrus) Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:196-201 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:China Nowadays, solar photovoltaic energy applications has been penetrated into all areas of industrial and agricultural manufacturing in China. Due to fluctuation and randomness of solar radiation, solar efficiency was not fully utilized and operation devices were vulnerable to damages because of unstable power supplies. In this paper, regular silicon solar batteries were studied and the intelligent detection technology based on perturbation and observation was employed to track maximum power point of silicon solar battery and applied to the solar power equipment. By comparing the traditional method and the (maximum power point tracking) MPPT method, the experiment indicated that power outputs using MPPT method improved 11% compared with that by traditional method and suppressed power supply fluctuation effectively. Number of references:21 Main heading:Solar energy Controlled terms:Industrial applications - Silicon batteries - Solar cells - Solar power generation - Solar radiation - Sun - Surface discharges - Testing - Thermoelectricity Uncontrolled terms:Intelligent detection - Maximum power point - Maximum Power Point Tracking - Power out put - Power supply - Power-supply fluctuations - Solar battery - Solar photovoltaics - Tracking algorithm Classification code:913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 702.3 Solar Cells - 702.1 Electric Batteries - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.035 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 51> Accession number:20120314688271 Title:Influence of sediment particle size on clogging performance of labyrinth path emitters Authors:Liu, Lu (1); Niu, Wenquan (2); Zhou, Bob (3) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; (4) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Corresponding author:Niu, W.(nwq@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:28 Issue:1 Issue date:January 1, 2012 Publication year:2012 Pages:87-93 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of small sediment particles containing in muddy water on anti-clogging performance of oblique dental labyrinth channel drip emitters. A total of 8 types of muddy water with different particle size distribution (all less than 0.1 mm) were tested by short-term clogging tests. Based on these trials, the effect of two factors (sediments' diameter and muddy water concentration) on emitter's clogging were analyzed, and then the range of sensitive particle diameters and the level of sediment concentration were discussed. The results showed that the performance of emitters was greatly impacted by the sediment concentration in muddy water with sediment particle size <0.1 mm, especially when sediment concentration was greater than 1.25 g/L. This finding indicated the positive relationship between sediment concentration and the clogging process. On the other hand, the sediment particle diameter neither monotonically increased nor decreased the clogging. Emitters are prone to being clogged when particle size ranges between 0.03 and 0.04 mm. The findings from the study will be beneficial for the practical application of muddy water in drip irrigation. Number of references:24 Main heading:Anoxic sediments Controlled terms:Concentration (process) - Irrigation - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Sedimentation - Sedimentology - Sediments Uncontrolled terms:Drip emitter - Drip irrigation - Emitter - Fine sand - Labyrinth path - Particle diameters - Particle size ranges - Sediment concentration - Sediment particle size - Sediment particles - Water concentrations Classification code:481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.017 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.
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