2011年6月第27卷第6期
<RECORD 1> Accession number:20113114199452 Title:Influence of audio frequency mixing of music and cricket voice on growth of edible mushrooms Authors:Jiang, Shiren (1); Huang, Jun (1); Han, Xinghua (2); Zeng, Xianlin (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (2) Hangzhou Huadan Agricultural Products Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China Corresponding author:Jiang, S.(jsr001@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:300-305 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate audio frequency influence on the growth, yield and nutrient component of edible mushroom, the audio stimulating technology was applied to the mycelium of six kinds of edible mushroom (Agrocybe Cylindracea, high-temperature Pleurotu corucopiae, Pleurotus ap., Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotu cornucopiae and Pleurocybella poprrigens) and the fruiting body of three edible mushrooms (Pleurotu corucopiae, Pleurotus ap. and Pleurotu corucopiae 18). The audio was generated by mixing classical music and cricket voice with a self-developed audio player equipment. The results showed that the sound increased the mycelium growth of all the six mushrooms by 10.2%~21%, accelerated their fruiting, advanced the body fruiting harvest time by 1-5 days and extended the picking period by about 3-8 days. The audio treatment also increased the yields of edible mushrooms by 15.76%, 13.38%, 13.05% and 7.95% in four tests respectively. By comparison of fruiting body nutrient component, the mass fraction of fat, protein and polysaccharide of Pleurotu corucopiae 18 increased by 5.88%, 8.74% and 2.78%, respectively; the mass fraction of protein and polysaccharide of Pleurotus ap. fruiting body increased by 2.37% and 43.27%, respectively. The results can provide a scientific basis for audio stimulating technology applied to edible mushroom production. Number of references:15 Main heading:Audio acoustics Controlled terms:Audio frequency amplifiers - Fungi - Nutrients Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Classical music - Cricket voice - Edible mushroom - Fruiting bodies - Mycelium Classification code:461.9 Biology - 713.1 Amplifiers - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.053 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 2> Accession number:20113114199446 Title:Characteristics of acidification fermentation and biogas production for co-digestion of Spartina alterniflora and potato Authors:Li, Jihong (1); Yang, Shiguan (1); Zheng, Zheng (2) Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipments, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (2) School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Corresponding author:Li, J.(yzlijihong@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:262-268 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Influences of anaerobic co-digestion of Spartina alterniflora, a lignocellulosic material, and potato on acidification fermentation of S. alterniflora and its biogas production were investigated by anaerobic batch digestion experiments conducted at S. alterniflora to potato ratio of 6:1, 7:1 and 9:1 at 35°C. The results indicated that acidification fermentation for co-digestions was butyrate type compared with that of propionate type for mono-digestion of pure S. alterniflora, and the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations for co-digestion increased more than twice compared with that of mono-digestion of pure S. alterniflora. The results also indicated that the cumulative biogas yields for co-digestion at SC: P ratios of 6:1, 7:1 and 9:1, respectively amounted to 460, 431 and 415 mL/g VS, increased by 27.4%, 19.3% and 15.0% than the 361 mL/g VS obtained in mono-digestion of pure S. alterniflora. In addition, the average methane contents of biogas produced in co-digestion at SC: P ratios of 6:1, 7:1 and 9:1 were 60.3%, 62.4% and 62.7%, respectively, about 3%-5% higher than 57.4% in mono-digestion of pure S. alterniflora. It was concluded that great changes of VFAs were obtained for co-digestion compared with mono-digestion of pure S. alterniflora, and in general, these changes were beneficial to improve biogas production and biogas quality of S. alterniflora digestion. Number of references:32 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Acidification - Biogas - Fermentation - Methanation - Methane - Volatile fatty acids Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic co-digestion - Biogas production - Biogas quality - Codigestion - Lignocellulosic material - Methane content - Potato - Spartina alterniflora - Total volatile fatty acids Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.047 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 3> Accession number:20113114199460 Title:Model for identifying apple juice authenticity based on binary logistic regression Authors:Su, Guangming (1); Gao, Haiyan (3); Wang, Zhengfu (1); Liao, Xiaojun (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Zhang, Mingwei (4); Hu, Xiaosong (1); Wu, Jihong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, China; (2) Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Bioinformatics Center, College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (4) Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China Corresponding author:Wu, J.(wjhcau@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:349-356 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to explore the correlation between organic acids and adulterated apple juice and in turn to take control of apple juice quality to ensure food safety. A total of 340 apple samples from 14 different planting areas on 19 different varieties were collected throughout the main cultivation areas in China, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to detect organic acids profiles in apple juices. Adulterated juice samples at 75%, 50% and 25% (w/w) were prepared by adding water, L-malic acid and sucrose to adjust pH and total soluble solids (TSS) normal value. Binary logistic regression was adopted on the basis of organic acids in both authentic and adulterated apple juices to establish a predictive model to distinguish authentic and content-mislabeled apple juices. The accuracy and stability of the model were about 87.4% and 94.51% respectively. Statistic results indicate that the model works well and can be used as quality control guide. Therefore, apple juice has very distinct organic acids profiles that can be used as fingerprints for evaluating authenticity. Number of references:24 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Fruit juices - Health - High performance liquid chromatography - Organic acids - Quality control - Regression analysis - Sugar (sucrose) Uncontrolled terms:Adulteration - Apple juice - Binary logistic regression - L-Malic acid - Predictive models - Total soluble solids Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 914.3 Industrial Hygiene - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 822.3 Food Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801 Chemistry DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.061 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 4> Accession number:20113114199409 Title:Simulation of drainage process and nitrogen loss in paddy field using DrainMOD Authors:Gao, Xuerui (1); Dong, Bin (2); Qin, Dayong (1); Sun, Ningning (2); Zhang, Zhiyong (3) Author affiliation:(1) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (3) Engineering College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China Corresponding author:Gao, X.(gaoxuerui666@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:52-58 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Excessive nitrogen loss in drainage of paddy field is a main contributor of agricultural non-point source pollution (NPS). DrainMOD and DrainMOD-N are well-performed models to simulate farm drainage and nitrogen loss at a field scale. By applying this model in humid rice-growing areas, drainage process and nitrogen loss in experimental areas of Zhanghe Irrigation District, Hubei Province were simulated. Results showed that there was a good agreement between simulated and observed values of total drainage, nitrate nitrogen loss and ammonium nitrogen loss, with the relative errors of 4.6%, 16% and 2.8% (relative error of nitrate nitrogen was a little bigger), respectively. However, in terms of the different growing stages of paddy rice, there was large deviation between simulated and observed values. Preliminary analysis indicated that the parameters used in the model were not calibrated well due to limited observed data. On the whole, DrainMOD model can efficiently describe and predict drainage and nitrogen loss processes in paddy field, which plays an important role in improving efficiency of water and nitrogen use in farmland as well as reducing agricultural pollution. Number of references:15 Main heading:Agricultural runoff Controlled terms:Ammonium compounds - Computer simulation - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Pollution control Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural pollution - Ammonium nitrogen - Drainage process - DRAINMOD - DRAINMOD-N - Field scale - Hubei Province - Improving efficiency - Irrigation districts - Large deviations - Nitrate nitrogen - Nitrogen loss - Nitrogen use - Non-point source pollution - Observed data - Paddy fields - Paddy rice - Preliminary analysis - Relative errors - Zhanghe Irrigation District Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.010 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 5> Accession number:20113114199431 Title:Cotton yield estimation based on hyperspectral remote sensing in arid region of China Authors:Zhuang, Li (1); Wang, Jin (1); Bai, Li (1); Jiang, Guiying (1); Sun, Shujiang (1); Yang, Peng (1); Wang, Shaoming (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 830002, China; (2) Wulanwusu Agriculture Meteorological Bureau, Shihezi 830000, China Corresponding author:Wang, J.(apple6405@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:176-181 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The aim of this study was to reveal the correlation between cotton yield and the canopy spectral index, and to build yield estimation models based on hyperspectral imaging, so as to promote the application of the hyperspectral technique in monitoring cotton growth and estimating yield. Combined with growth and development characteristics of cotton, the spectral reflectivity of the cotton canopy at different growth stages was calculated. The hyperspectral vegetation index was defined according to spectral curve characteristics. The spectral reflectivity and yield were analyzed based on estimation of the ground spectrum and yield from the budding peak stage (BPS) to later boll opening stage (BOS). Statistical analysis showed that cotton yield was negatively correlated with spectral reflectivity in the visible light bands, positively correlated in the near-infrared (NIR) wavebands, and negatively correlated in the short-wave infrared bands during all growth stages. The normalized differences of the spectral index were determined with the following bands [560 nm, 670 nm], [670 nm, 890 nm], [890 nm, 980 nm], [920 nm, 980 nm], [857 nm, 1210 nm], [820 nm, 1650 nm] and [820 nm, 2200 nm] according to cotton canopy hyper-spectrum, which were significantly or especially significantly correlated with yield at all growth stages. At the same time, the VARI_700 ARVI spectral index was especially significantly correlated with cotton yield. Remote sensing models of cotton yield at different growth stages can provide a basis for monitoring cotton growth and forecasting production. Number of references:26 Main heading:Cotton Controlled terms:Arid regions - Estimation - Infrared devices - Reflection - Remote sensing Uncontrolled terms:Cotton growth - Cotton yield - Growth and development - Growth stages - Hyper-spectrum - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral Imaging - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Hyperspectral techniques - Near infra red - Normalized differences - Remote sensing models - Short wave infrared - Spectral curves - Spectral indices - Spectral reflectivity - Vegetation index - Visible light bands - Wavebands - Yield - Yield estimation Classification code:921 Mathematics - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.032 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 6> Accession number:20113114199414 Title:Uniform expression of variogram nested model and parameter estimation in spatial prediction of soil properties Authors:Yang, Yong (1); Li, Weidong (1); He, Liyuan (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, HuaZhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Corresponding author:Yang, Y.(yangyong@mail.hzau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:85-89 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the situation that the current theoretical variogram parameters estimation of the Geostatistics was mostly concentrated in single model parameter estimation, and was short of multi-scale nested model parameters estimation, a unified superimposed expression in computer was put forward based on characteristics of the nested multi-scale model. The model type and range of parameters were determined with the empirical semi-variance plot. Then parameters with genetic algorithm were estimated and the application software was developed using Matlab R2010a, and finally, the software was compared with the current popular statistical software by taking the soil nutrients (organic matter and potassium) as examples. The results showed that this method surpassed the traditional method in accuracy of the theoretical model parameters estimation(compared with R<sup>2</sup>, increased by 6.32% and 83.47% respectively), and the accuracy of the results of Kriging interpolation in later period was much better than that of the traditional ones, which proved that the method proposed in this paper had advantages in both accuracy and the support of nested structure. Number of references:18 Main heading:Parameter estimation Controlled terms:Estimation - Genetic algorithms - Geologic models - Interpolation - Potassium Uncontrolled terms:Application softwares - Geo-statistics - Kriging interpolation - Model parameter estimation - Model parameters estimation - Multiscale models - Multiscales - Nested structures - Parameters estimation - Semivariograms - Soil nutrients - Soil property - Spatial prediction - Statistical software - Theoretical models - Variograms Classification code:481.1 Geology - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 731.1 Control Systems - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.015 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 7> Accession number:20113114199438 Title:Visual simulation of underground modified roots of crops based on point clouds Authors:Guo, Hao (1); Ge, Zhenyang (1); Ge, Yong (1); Li, Ming (1); Li, Peng (1); Liu, Jing (1); Lin, Wenru (1) Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, China Corresponding author:Ge, Z.(ge.27@kmust.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:214-218 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to simulate the underground modified root of crops visually, taking fleshy tap root and tuberous root as the simulation objects, the point clouds of modified root were got with three-dimensional reconstruction method based on voxel coloring, and the preprocessing pipeline for filling the holes and eliminating acoustical noise and outlier in point clouds was put forward and implemented. The surface reconstruction was finished on the basis of point clouds that had been preprocessed. The architectural parameter of modified root was extracted from the reconstructed mesh model, and then the visual simulation of the reconstructed mesh was implemented. Carrot and potato were taken as the experimental subjects for visual simulation. The results indicate that the integral, uniform distributed and smooth point clouds model can be obtained by the preprocessing pipeline with the function of eliminating the noise and outlier in point clouds, and filling the holes. Error of volume extracted from the mesh model is less than 10%. The shape of the modified root can be visualized smoothly and vividly with the mesh model from surface reconstruction. The study can provide a new method for the research on simulating the plant modified root. Number of references:28 Main heading:Surface reconstruction Controlled terms:Clouds - Crops - Three dimensional - Visualization Uncontrolled terms:Architectural parameters - Mesh model - Modified root - Plant simulation - Point cloud - Tap root - Three-dimensional reconstruction - Tuberous roots - Visual simulation - Voxel coloring Classification code:443 Meteorology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.039 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 8> Accession number:20113114199453 Title:Zoning and consolidation strategy for rural residential land in the areas around Bohai gulf in China Authors:Liu, Yu (1); Liu, Yansui (1); Guo, Liying (3) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Corresponding author:Liu, Y.(liuy.08b@igsnrr.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:306-312 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to instruct new countryside construction, to remain the basic arable land at a safe level and to coordinate land use allocation between urban and rural areas, taking the 327 counties in the area around Bohai gulf as research units, a zoning model for the rural residential land was proposed based on the index discrimination method. First, according to the potential of land consolidation, the ability to adopt consolidation projects and the urgency for consolidation, 15 factors were selected to construct the evaluation index system and the conceptual model for zoning the rural residential land. Then, the entropy method and the index discrimination model were employed to attach the weights to the factors and to delineate the rural residential land respectively. Finally, five type zones, including the prior consolidation area, the key consolidation area, the optimal consolidation area, the moderate consolidation area and the preferred area were divided for "pothook project" based on the comprehensive assessment values and the division standards. For prior consolidation area with the highest urgency, its suitable consolidation model was the urbanization leading model. Population concentration, industrial agglomeration and scale land use was the suitable consolidation model for the key consolidation area, and intra-village intensification model was the main consolidation model for the optimal consolidation area. In the preferred area for the pilot project of linking urban and rural construction land change, agriculture was the top priority for consolidated land, and the main object for this type of area was to establish a new city-countryside relationship by restructuring rural space. In the moderate consolidation area, it was necessary to pay attention to ecological environment and ecological function. The study results revealed the current situation of rural residential land use. The optimization strategy is feasible to carry out consolidation projects, for it can contribute to protecting arable land, developing land consolidation plans, and implementing the pilot project of linking urban and rural construction land change. Number of references:22 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Agriculture - Construction - Ecology - Optimization - Regional planning - Rural areas - Zoning Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Area around Bohai gulf in China - Comprehensive assessment - Conceptual model - Consolidation model - Consolidation plan - Consolidation projects - Current situation - Discrimination model - Ecological environments - Ecological functions - Entropy methods - Evaluation index system - Index discrimination method - Land use allocation - Main objects - Optimization strategy - Pilot projects - Rural constructions - Urban and rural areas Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.054 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 9> Accession number:20113114199416 Title:Design of mesh roller-type separator for machine-harvested seed cotton and film remnant Authors:Kan, Za (1); Guo, Wensong (1); Zhang, Ruoyu (1); Li, Chengsong (1); An, Honglei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Machinery and Electricity Engineering College of Shihezi University, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Machinery of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, China Corresponding author:Guo, W.(guowensong@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:95-99 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The plastic mulch culture of cotton in Xinjiang results in the mixing of plastic residual into cotton in the mechanical harvesting process. What's more, the presence of film remnant is one of the key factors reducing the quality level of mechanical harvested cotton. To clean the film remnant more efficiently, one kind of mesh roller-type cotton and film remnant separator was designed. The motion equations of separating objects in separation device were constituted, and the DPM model was used to analyze the separation principle of unginned cotton and film remnant. As a result, unginned cotton trajectories based on mathematical model and CFD simulation analysis explained the remnant membrane separation process. The effect of flow speed at the entrance of the separation equipment was tested, and the results showed that the best cotton inlet velocity was 4.5 m/s with acceptable separation effect. Number of references:16 Main heading:Cotton Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Equations of motion - Harvesting - Inlet flow - Mathematical models - Protective coatings - Rollers (machine components) - Separators Uncontrolled terms:CFD simulations - DPM - Flow speed - Gas-solid separation - Inlet velocity - Key factors - Membrane separation process - Plastic mulch - Quality levels - Seed cotton - Separation devices - Separation equipment - Separation principle - Unginned cotton - Xinjiang Classification code:921.2 Calculus - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 813.2 Coating Materials - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 601.2 Machine Components DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.017 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 10> Accession number:20113114199457 Title:Experiment on optimizing technical parameters of fish shearing machine Authors:Tan, Hequn (1); Gao, Xingxing (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Corresponding author:Tan, H.(thq@mail.hzau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:332-336 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the processing quality of the 6PYL-305 fish shearing machine developed, based on the experiments of the key parts and the technical parameters of the machine, the effects of the collision block of feeding structure, clip angle of fresh-water bream fixing, discharge chute height of the silver carp and cutter type on the processing quality were studied by using the silver carp and fresh-water bream as research objects. The results indicated that the optimal position of the feeding collision block was (225±5) mm from the hopper for silver carp and (160±5) mm for fresh-water bream, the optimal clip angle of fresh-water bream fixing was 16°; The optimal height of discharge chute for silver carp was 65 mm. Cutter with tooth of 3 mm height got a cutting rate of (83.90±2.31)% on silver carp fish while the losing rate of weight was (0.62±0.15)%, and a cutting rate of 100% on the fresh-water bream while the losing rate of weight was (0.85±0.28)%. In general, the cutting surface of both sheared fish was smooth, and the offal can be easily removed for convenience subsequent processing. After optimization, the performance and stability of the machine were improved. Number of references:19 Main heading:Fish Controlled terms:Experiments - Mechanical properties - Shearing - Shearing machines - Silver - Structural design - Structural optimization Uncontrolled terms:Clip angles - Cutting rate - Feeding structures - Fresh Water - Key parts - Optimal position - Processing quality - Research object - Silver carp Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 547.1 Precious Metals - 535.1 Metal Rolling - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 408.1 Structural Design, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.058 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 11> Accession number:20113114199456 Title:Comparison of spatial autoregressive models on multi-scale land use Authors:Chen, Xiwei (1); Dai, Erfu (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Research and Planning, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Chen, X.(chenxw.07b@igsnrr.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:324-331 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:As a case study on the Huadu district of Guangzhou city, this paper compared classical linear regression model, spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM) through the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests, in terms of their explanatory power and applicability on land use at different scales. The results showed: 1) The residuals of the classical linear regression models were proved its positive autocorrelation, which were weaker than those of the original land use data, this indicated that classical linear regression model could partially explain the spatial layout but could not capture all spatial dependency in the land use data; 2) With higher GOF, the SLMs and SEMs could better diminish the spatial autocorrelation than the linear regression model; 3) Land use at different scales required different optimal autoregressive models, i.e. the specific model had the character of scale dependency. Number of references:21 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Autocorrelation - Lagrange multipliers - Linear regression Uncontrolled terms:Auto regressive models - Different scale - Explanatory power - Goodness of fit - Guangzhou city - Huadu District - Linear regression models - Multiscales - Scale dependency - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial errors - Spatial lags - Spatial layout Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.057 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 12> Accession number:20113114199404 Title:Effects of degradable film on soil temperature, moisture and growth of maize Authors:Shen, Lixia (1); Wang, Pu (2); Zhang, Lili (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (2) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author:Wang, P.(wangpu@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:25-30 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, effect of degradable film on soil temperature, soil moisture, maize growth and development, maize yield and relevant characteristics were studied through comparing with the plastic film and open field. The results indicated that soil temperature at surface and 10 cm depth in two months after sowing, soil moisture in 0-20 and >20-40 cm profile from sowing to big trumpet stage, were all higher for degradable film covering than open field. Growth progress, seedling rate, root number during shooting stage, plant height, leaf area and dry weight of maize in different stages were all higher for degradable film covering. Kernel number, thousand-grain weight, and yield of maize under degradable film covering were increased by 9.6%, 20.9%, 35.1% respectively. Degradable film did not show significant difference with plastic film, and it could be applied to agriculture instead of plastic film. Number of references:23 Main heading:Film growth Controlled terms:Moisture determination - Plastic films - Pollution control - Protective coatings - Soil moisture - Temperature Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural pollution - Degradable film - Dry weight - Growth and development - Growth progress - Leaf area - Maize yield - Plant height - Root number - Soil temperature - Yield Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 817.1 Polymer Products - 813.2 Coating Materials - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.005 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 13> Accession number:20113114199407 Title:Characteristics of surface soil erosion of karst valley in different land use types at Nanping in Chongqing Authors:Wei, Xingping (1); Xie, Shiyou (2); Zhang, Zhiwei (2); Chen, Zuxue (2) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of GIS Application, College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China; (2) School of Geographical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Corresponding author:Wei, X.(xingpingwei@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:42-46 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The research on the characteristics of soil erosion in karst regions was carried out in order to prevent soil erosion better and prevent from rocky desertification. The characteristics of surface soil erosion in karst areas were obtained through nine runoff plots monitoring from January, 2008 to August, 2010. The conclusions were as follows: the enrichment of soil nutrients displayed differently: available K was the highest, total phosphorus was the lowest, and total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen and organic matter were between them. Enrichment levels of soil nutrients in different land use types were different: Sloping land was the most significant (natural slope farmland had stronger enrichment than that of farmland moving soil to build up fertility), followed by woodland, honeysuckle, and grass land. The correlation between the nutrient content and the rain intensity was significant and the correlation between the nutrient outflow and the rain flow was positive but weak. The total loss of soil nutrients was closely related to rainfall and its intensity as well. The modulus of soil erosion reflected differently in different land use types: the slope farming>the honey suckles>the lawn>the forest land. Runoff in karst regions took place only when big rain especially rainstorm occurred, which runoff coefficient was about 2.31%-14.72%. The characteristics of soil erosion can provide scientific basis for preventing soil erosion. Number of references:17 Main heading:Soils Controlled terms:Climatology - Erosion - Forestry - Land use - Landforms - Nutrients - Phosphorus - Rain - Runoff - Soil mechanics - Storms Uncontrolled terms:Chongqing - Different land use types - Forest land - Karst areas - Karst valley area - Nutrient contents - Nutrient outflow - Rain-intensity - Runoff coefficients - Sloping land - Soil erosion - Soil nutrients - Surface soil - Total loss - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorus Classification code:821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 444.1 Surface Water - 443.3 Precipitation - 443 Meteorology - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.008 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 14> Accession number:20113114199439 Title:3D-Visual simulation of soil diffusion-limited colloidal aggregation based on particle system Authors:Zheng, Hongbo (1); Wu, Jianping (2); Ding, Weilong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, College of Resources and Environment Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Corresponding author:Zheng, H.(zhb@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:219-224 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Three-dimensional visualization of soil colloidal aggregation would be helpful to better understand the dynamics of soil cohesion and aggregate formation. In this paper particle system was applied to simulate soil colloidal particles and realize visualization for dynamic evolution of soil colloidal rapid condensation. Firstly, the soil as a soil cube, soil colloidal particles as sphere, all particles were used for model construction. Secondly, under the action of Brownian motion colloidal particles moved random with diffusion coefficient and aggregated when collision occurred. A fixed center of the monomer cohesion and cluster cohesion were implemented and the simulation result was satisfactory. Three-dimensional fractal dimension was calculated and the values were consistent with the fractal theory and similar research. Fractal dimension increased with the particle concentration, gyration radius decreased with the particle concentration. The method implementes visualization of soil colloid aggregation dynamic process. Number of references:17 Main heading:Agglomeration Controlled terms:Adhesion - Brownian movement - Colloids - Fractal dimension - Geologic models - Partial discharges - Soils - Spheres - Three dimensional - Three dimensional computer graphics - Visualization Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate formation - Cluster cohesion - Colloidal aggregation - Colloidal particle - Colloidial particles - Diffusion limited - Dynamic evolution - Fast aggregation - Fractal theory - Gyration radii - Model construction - Particle concentrations - Particle system - Particle systems - Simulation result - Soil cohesion - Soil colloid - Three dimensional visualization - Visual simulation Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 723.5 Computer Applications - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 631 Fluid Flow - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.040 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 15> Accession number:20113114199422 Title:Design of automatic control device for ropeway tension adjustment in hilly orchard Authors:Wen, Tao (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Zhu, Yuqing (1); Su, Jian (1); Kong, Fanbo (2); Li, Zhen (1); Zhong, Zhixiang (2) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:128-131 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the problems that traditional manual or mechanical ropeway tension adjustment approaches were subjected to intensity limits and failed to detect real-time dynamic variations for driving-chain tensions, which causing corresponding hysteretic nature and poor self-adaption, a related device was designed to automatically adjust driving-chain tension by corresponding variation detection and PID control under different payloads for improving transportation security and reliability of fruits and agricultural products in mountain orchard. As a result, the detected mean values of driving-chain tension were ranging from 653.5944 N to 763.4059 N when ropeway system was running under no control, and ranging from 508.1988 N to 568.7609 N under PID control. In conclusion, this system could effectively achieve automatic driving-chain adjustment with maximum tracking error of 104 N and mean error of 13.6417 N. Number of references:10 Main heading:Orchards Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Automation - Automobile drivers - Control - Landforms - Proportional control systems - Three term control systems - Two term control systems Uncontrolled terms:Automatic adjustment - Driving-chain - Mountain orchard - Ropeway - Tension Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 732 Control Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 481.1 Geology - 432 Highway Transportation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.023 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 16> Accession number:20113114199462 Title:Determination of main fatty acid composition in fractionated olive oils by FTIR spectroscopy Authors:Wang, Mingyi (1); Hu, Lizhi (3); Guo, Jianying (1); Yu, Dianyu (2); Jiang, Lianzhou (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Measurement-Control Technology and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (2) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (3) Scientific Research Institute of Heilongjiang Grain and Oil, Harbin 150001, China Corresponding author:Jiang, L.(dyyu2000@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:365-369 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to estimate the fatty acid composition of low and high melting oils which were fractionated from virgin olive oil, the infrared spectra of 31 oil samples with different fatty acid composition were determined by FTIR spectroscopy in the region 4000-600 cm<sup>-1</sup> using single reflectance technique. Based on the analysis results, the partial least squares (PLS) calibration model was established. Cross-validated partial least squares calibration models were established between spectral variables and fatty acid composition variables. For the calibration content of oleic acid and linoleic acid, the whole spectral profile in the region 4000-600 cm<sup>-1</sup> by smoothing, second derivative, and normalization treatment gave the best cross-validated calibration model and the best prediction results. The predicted results of the PLS calibration models showed that the low melting olive oil had higher contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid (oleic, 77.46%; linoleic, 12.51%) than those of high melting olive oil (oleic, 72.29%; linoleic, 9.98%), which were better consistent with the results of gas chromatography (GC). The established PLS model can predict the main fatty acid composition in fractionated olive oils. This study can provide a simple and rapid analysis method for quality evaluation of fractionated oils. Number of references:15 Main heading:Linoleic acid Controlled terms:Calibration - Forecasting - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gas chromatography - Melting - Oleic acid - Quality control - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Unsaturated fatty acids - Vegetable oils Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Calibration model - Fatty acid composition - FTIR spectroscopy - High melting - Infrared spectrum - Linoleic - Low melting - Oil samples - Olive oil - Partial least squares - PLS - PLS calibration - PLS models - Quality evaluation - Rapid analysis - Second derivatives - Spectral profile - Spectral variables - Virgin olive oil Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801 Chemistry - 531.1 Metallurgy DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.063 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 17> Accession number:20113114199436 Title:Classification of agricultural pests based on compressed sensing theory Authors:Han, Antai (1); Guo, Xiaohua (2); Liao, Zhong (1); Chen, Zhiqiang (1); Han, Jianqiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (2) Fair Friend Institute of Electromechanics, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China Corresponding author:Han, A.(anti.han@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:203-207 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the effectiveness of the existing classification methods of pests, a novel classification method of pests was presented by using compressed sensing theory. In the proposed method, a large number of the representative training samples of pests were used to construct the training samples matrix, and then the sparse decomposition representation of the testing samples of pests was obtained by solving the l<inf>1</inf>-norm optimization problem, which had distinct class information and could be used for the different species of pest classification directly. The 12 species of stored-grain pests and the 110 species of common pests were separately classified by the proposed method, and the classification precision reached around 92.9418%, 98.2877%, 78.8651% and 61.5938% respectively under 4 kinds of different experimental conditions. The experimental results indicated that the application of compressed sensing theory in the classification of pests was practical and feasible. Number of references:23 Main heading:Signal reconstruction Controlled terms:Feature extraction - Matrix algebra - Sampling Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural pests - Class information - Classification methods - Classification precision - Compressed sensing - Experimental conditions - matrix - Optimization problems - Pests - Sparse decomposition - Stored-grain pests - Testing samples - Training sample Classification code:716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 801 Chemistry - 921.1 Algebra DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.037 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 18> Accession number:20113114199430 Title:Integrated provincial crop monitoring system using remote sensing Authors:Meng, Jihua (1); Wu, Bingfang (1); Li, Qiangzi (1); Niu, Liming (1); Zhang, Feifei (1); Du, Xin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author:Wu, B.(wubf@irsa.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:169-175 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on "CropWatch-China", an integrated provincial crop monitoring system with remote sensing (CropWatch-Province) was developed. Taking remote sensing data as the major data source, the system can implement crop condition monitoring, crop yield prediction, crop acreage estimation, cropping index monitoring, agro-meteorological analysis and crop production prediction at the scale of county, main producing region and province. The methods, structure, function and major characteristics of the system were described in detail in the paper. The system passed the test of "Conformance Test Center for Information Technology Standards" in 2010. Three major characteristics were concluded from the system, which are high integration, flexible customization and the application of new satellite data. For flexible customization, the functions and the monitoring areas of the system can easily be customized according to users' requirement; For high integration, the total missions of data pre-processing, scientific computation, information extraction and result output can be implemented with the system; For application of new satellite data, new data like HJ-1 can be processed and used for crop monitoring in the system. Number of references:25 Main heading:Condition monitoring Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Data handling - Information technology - Integration - Remote sensing Uncontrolled terms:Conformance test - Crop condition - Crop monitoring - Crop production - Crop yield - Data preprocessing - Data source - Flexible customization - Index monitoring - Information Extraction - Integrated - New satellites - Remote sensing data - Scientific computation Classification code:903 Information Science - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.2 Calculus - 731.1 Control Systems - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 603 Machine Tools - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.031 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 19> Accession number:20113114199412 Title:Trend and impact factors of evaporation from shallow phreatic groundwater of bare soil on Huaibei Plain in China Authors:Hao, Zhenchun (1); Chen, Xi (1); Wang, Jiahu (1); Sun, Leqiang (1); Wang, Zhenlong (2) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Water Resources in Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, China Corresponding author:Hao, Z.(hzchun@hhu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:73-78 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To reveal the law and mechanism of the bare soil evaporation on Huaibei Plain, using observation data from hydrological station of Wudaogou in the area of Huaibei from 1991 to 2008. The paper analyzed the monthly distribution of evaporation from the shallow phreatic groundwater in bare soil and the trend changing with soil texture and depth, determined the seasonal time series trend of evaporation from the shallow phreatic groundwater in bare soil of this region using the cumulative departure curve method combined with the Mann-Kendall method. The forces of phreatic evaporation was also explored by investigating several hydro-meteorological elements on the two kinds of soil texture and the depth of the impact using statistical software SPSS. The results showed that the ratio of evaporation between fluvo-aquic soil and lime concretion black soil expanded with the increase of phreatic depth. The evaporation quantity of bare soil on Huaibei Plain over the years increased in Spring giving the greatest contribution; however, it did not meet the "evaporation paradox". For the lime concretion black soil depth at 0.4 m to shallow and fluvo-aquic soil at 1.0 m to shallow, it showed a significant correlation between phreatic groundwater evaporation and main meteorological factors. This indicated that the transfer process of geothermal heat in the vertical direction coincided with the evaporation distribution of the year. The results of the current study will be greatly beneficial to grasp the evaporation rules accurately and understand the hydrologic cycle better. Number of references:18 Main heading:Evaporation Controlled terms:Geothermal energy - Groundwater - Lime - Phase transitions - Soil moisture - Textures - Time series Uncontrolled terms:Huaibei Plain - Meteorological elements - Meterology - Phreatic - Trend Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 933 Solid State Physics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444.2 Groundwater - 412 Concrete - 481.3.1 Geothermal Phenomena DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.013 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 20> Accession number:20113114199440 Title:Unstructured road detection and obstacle recognition algorithm based on machine vision Authors:Song, Huaibo (1); He, Dongjian (1); Xin, Xiangjun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China Corresponding author:He, D.(hdj87091197@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:225-230 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To realize the unstructured road detection and obstacle recognition, a hybrid algorithm based on minimum error Bayesian decision theory and Hough transform was presented. The Otsu multi-threshold method was introduced into the minimum error Bayesian decision theory and the image was divided into road area and the other area. And then, Hough transform was used to detect the road and off-road borders, and the road area was re-segmented to detect the obstacles on the road. At last, the obstacles were located by outer rectangular bounds. Experimental results showed that the algorithm presented in this paper has good ability to detect the road borders and obstacles. Experiments also indicate that the method was robust when the negative influences such as shadows, changes in illumination, and water stains are slight. Number of references:18 Main heading:Roads and streets Controlled terms:Algorithms - Computer vision - Decision theory - Error detection - Hough transforms - Image segmentation Uncontrolled terms:Bayesian decision - Bayesian decision theory - Hybrid algorithms - Multithreshold - Negative influence - Obstacle recognition - On-machines - Road area - Road borders - Road detection - Unstructured road Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 961 Systems Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.041 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 21> Accession number:20113114199421 Title:Design and experiments of double-tube airflow drier for biomass powder drying Authors:Jiao, Youzhou (1); Pan, Xiaohui (1); Yang, Qunfa (1); Liu, Shengyong (1); Zhang, Quanguo (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China Corresponding author:Zhang, Q.(zquanguo@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:123-127 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to effectively solve the problems of drying biomass powder which was used for compression molding technology, a double-tube structure was used to extend the residence time and drying processes of the biomass powder in the high temperature tube. The sizes and the parameters of the main parts of the drier (the drying pipe) were designed and calculated respectively. The suitable models were selected, and the ancillary equipment of the drier (the cyclone, the fan and the stove) were selected as well. Finally, corn straw powder was taken as the testing object to carry out the experiments on heat balance and material balance on the prototype of this drier. The results showed that the main thermal performance parameters, such as the total heat input and output, the volume of water evaporation and the humidity of materials all met the design requirements. The humidity of dried material could reach 8%-12%, and the drying efficiency could be up to 28.1% as well. All these indices coincided with the national standards of driers, and the double-tube airflow drier was especially suitable for drying the biomass powder which was used for compression molding technology. Number of references:15 Main heading:Driers (materials) Controlled terms:Biomass - Compression molding - Design - Dryers (equipment) - Drying - Experiments - Storms - Thermal evaporation - Tubes (components) Uncontrolled terms:Airflow - Ancillary equipment - Compression molding technology - Corn straws - Design requirements - Double-tube - Driers - Drying efficiency - Drying process - Heat balance - Heat input - High temperature - Material balance - National standard - Residence time - Thermal Performance - Water evaporation Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 642.1 Process Heating - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 443.3 Precipitation - 408 Structural Design - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.022 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 22> Accession number:20113114199429 Title:Present status and prospects of mechanical weeding equipment and technology in paddy field Authors:Ma, Xu (1); Qi, Long (1); Liang, Bai (3); Tan, Zuting (1); Zuo, Yanjun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 501642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 501642, China; (3) Headmaster Office, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 501642, China Corresponding author:Qi, L. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:162-168 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The mechanical weeding technology is important in reducing the usage of herbicide and ensuring organic rice production in paddy field. The weakness of the existing paddy weeding machines was discussed and the types and characteristics of paddy weeding techniques were summarized in this study, based on reviewing the present status of paddy weeding equipment and technology at home and abroad. The paddy weeding technology should develop toward intellectualization, technicalization of mechanical biomimetics, and fusion of several weeding techniques to improve the precision weeding effects, so that weeding technology can play a more important role in rice production. Number of references:38 Main heading:Technology Controlled terms:Biomimetics - Equipment - Herbicides - Machinery - Weed control Uncontrolled terms:Intelligent recognition - Mechanical weeding - Paddy fields - Present status - Rice - Rice production - Technicalization - Weeding machines Classification code:461.9 Biology - 601 Mechanical Design - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 901 Engineering Profession DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.030 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 23> Accession number:20113114199424 Title:Mixture homogeneity in a high-viscous flow mixer Authors:Yang, Mingjin (1); Li, Xiwen (2); Shi, Tielin (2); Yang, Shuzi (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (2) School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China Corresponding author:Li, X.(xiwenli@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:137-142 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For promoting performance and optimizing parameters of planetary twin screw mixers that process a high-viscous flow, an approach for the impact of mixing parameters on mixture homogeneity of the mixing slurry was proposed in this study. Definition of density-based intensity of segregation (DBIOS) was presented to evaluate mixture homogeneity of the slurry. By means of orthogonal factorial experiment design technique and statistical analyses of range and variance, major parameters of the mixing process and their significance affecting the mixture homogeneity were obtained. Experimental and analysis results showed that the delta value of mean DBIOS of ingredient factor of the slurry was 138.275, much larger than that of other factors; Ingredient factor significantly contributed to the mixture homogeneity at a significance level of 0.10; Ingredient of coarse solid phase particle had bad performance of mixture homogeneity. A 3-D sampling model was presented for good representation of the samples being taken in this study as well. Number of references:14 Main heading:Mixtures Controlled terms:Design of experiments - Mixers (machinery) - Mixing - Screws - Three dimensional - Viscosity - Viscous flow Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Density-based - Factorial experiment - Intensity of segregation - Mixing parameters - Mixing process - Mixture homogeneity - Optimizing parameters - Sampling model - Solid phase particles - Twin-screw-mixers Classification code:605 Small Tools and Hardware - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 902.1 Engineering Graphics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.025 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 24> Accession number:20113114199437 Title:Zigbee-based information collection system for the environment of cold-chain logistics of fruits and vegetables Authors:Guo, Bin (1); Qian, Jianping (1); Zhang, Taihong (2); Yang, Xinting (1) Author affiliation:(1) China National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China Corresponding author:Yang, X.(yangxt@nercita.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:208-213 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Environment monitoring of cold-chain logistics for fruits and vegetables has the requirement of multi-point, multi-factor and convenience. The JN5139 based on Zigbee was selected as the core of information processing of wireless node, and the sensing node was designed combined with the temperature and humidity sensors. Then a wireless sensor network in the vehicle environment was constructed. Furthermore, the environmental information collecting software was designed with the embedded system and .net platform, which realized data collection and real-time monitoring. The tests of PRR (packet reception rate) were carried out under different positions of cold chain vehicle, with different temperatures (0, 5 and 12°C) at 90% relative humidity. The results showed that working performance of the system was stable and the functions of real-time data acquisition and transmission could meet the design requirements. The system can be easily applied in environmental information collection and monitoring during the cold-chain transportion. Number of references:18 Main heading:Wireless sensor networks Controlled terms:Cold storage - Data processing - Embedded software - Fruits - Sensors - Vegetables Uncontrolled terms:Cold chain - Data collection - Design requirements - Environment monitoring - Environmental information - Information collections - Multi-factor - NET platform - Packet Reception Rate - Real time monitoring - Real-time data acquisition - Sensing nodes - Temperature and humidity sensor - Wireless nodes - Wireless sensor - Zig-Bee Classification code:694.4 Storage - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 732 Control Devices - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.038 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 25> Accession number:20113114199450 Title:Poly-generation process for gasification of dairy manure with fixed beds Authors:Qin, Hengfei (1); Zhou, Jianbin (1); Wang, Junxiang (1); Zhang, Qisheng (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (2) Bamboo Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China Corresponding author:Zhang, Q.(zhangqs@njfu.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:288-293 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce greenhouse effect and environmental pollution caused by natural fermentation of cow dung and also to reduce the cost and increase benefits of the dairy farming, the dairy manure was gasified using homemade fixed bed SGL gasifier. The dairy manure gasification can get three products, such as flammable gas, dairy manure carbon and pyrolysis extract liquid. These three products were recycled to achieve the goals of emission reduction and pollution control. The influences of water content, gasification temperature and equivalence ratio were studied, and the results showed that the optimal gasification parameters were raw material 12%~18%, gasification temperature 850~900°C and equivalence ratio 0.25~0.30. When dairy manure moisture was 17.78%, gasification temperature was 850°C and equivalence ratio was 0.30, the yield of gas was 1.42 m<sup>3</sup>/kg' the inferior calorific value was 2.84 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>, the yield of dairy manure carbon was 23.82% and the yield of pyrolysis extract liquid was 24.17%. Dairy manure gasification of poly-generation process experiment can provide a theoretical basis for engineering implementation. Number of references:19 Main heading:Gasification Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Firedamp - Gas generators - Global warming - Greenhouse effect - Liquids - Manures - Pollution control - Pyrolysis - Solvent extraction - Water content Uncontrolled terms:Dairy manure carbon - Dairy manures - Fixed bed - Flammable gas - Poly-generation Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 522 Gas Fuels - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 451 Air Pollution - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.051 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 26> Accession number:20113114199428 Title:Self-adjustable fuzzy PID control for solution pressure of pipeline spray system in orchard Authors:Song, Shuran (1); Ruan, Yaocan (2); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Dai, Qiufang (2); Zhang, Cheng (2) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) National Citrus Industry Technology Research System Machinery Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Hong, T.(tshong@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:157-161 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Orchard pipeline spraying system has the characteristics of non-linear, apparent delay and a fluctuating pipeline solution pressure along with the changes of nozzle amount. For solving this problem, a self-adjustable fuzzy PID control strategy with differential preceding and gearshift integral was applied on the pipeline solution pressure control. Based on the difference between current pressure and target value, as well as the difference trend, controlling parameters for pipeline solution pressure control were achieved by adjusting the fuzzy PID parameters online and calculating the control variables with the PID algorithm of gearshift integral and differential preceding. Experimental results indicated that, compared with other strategies without the fuzzy PID algorithm, the responding time for pressure rise and adjustment were shortened by 18.42% and 12.56% respectively. The maximum overshoots and system error were reduced by 4.43% and 50% respectively. This method can meet the requirements of pressure control for orchard pipeline spraying system. Number of references:10 Main heading:Proportional control systems Controlled terms:Algorithms - Orchards - Pipelines - Pressure control - Spray nozzles - Three term control systems - Two term control systems Uncontrolled terms:Control variable - Controlling parameters - Differential preceding - Fuzzy PID algorithm - Fuzzy PID-control - Fuzzy-PID - Gearshift integral - Non-linear - PID Algorithm - Pressure rise - Responding time - Spray systems - Spraying system - System errors - Target values Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.029 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 27> Accession number:20113114199464 Title:Effects of postharvest sodium silicate treatment on quality and volatile flavor components of apricot fruit during storage Authors:Zhang, Bo (1); Han, Shunyu (1); Jiang, Yumei (1); Bi, Yang (1); Zhu, Xia (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China Corresponding author:Han, S.(lzhansy@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:375-381 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Silicates, generally regarded as safe substances, have been widely used to control postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables, but very little work has been done on their effects on fruit quality. The apricot fruit (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. cv. Lanzhou Dajie) was treated with 10 mmol/L sodium silicate for 10 min and stored at room temperature (22±2°C) to investigate the effect of silicon treatment on apricot fruit quality, especially the volatile compounds. The results indicated that treatments retarded flesh firmness decrease and alleviated decay. After 9 days of storage, the treated fruits showed 1.95 times for firmness and 58% for rotting rate of control fruits. The silicon treatments still remained higher content of soluble solids, vitamin C and delayed the decrease of titratable acidities, but there was no significant difference of content of total sugars between the two groups. More than 100 kinds of volatile compounds were identified with solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrum (SPME-GC-MS) from the fruits. Sodium silicate treatment significantly reduced the emission of total amount volatile compounds of apricot fruits during storage, and enhanced the amount of aldehydes, terpenoids and β-ionone and lowered amount esters throughout the investigation period in comparison with that of control. Compared with the control, the sodium silicate treatment can maintain postharvest quality of apricot fruit better and is a feasible way to keep apricot fruit fresh. Number of references:33 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Aldehydes - Disease control - Extraction - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Silicates - Sodium - Sugars - Volatile organic compounds Uncontrolled terms:Apricot - Apricot fruits - Fruit and vegetables - Fruit quality - Physicochemical property - Postharvest - Postharvest disease - Postharvest quality - Room temperature - Silicon treatment - Sodium silicate - Solid-phase - Soluble solids - SPME-GC-MS - Terpenoids - Titratable acidity - Vitamin C - Volatile compounds - Vulgaris Classification code:812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801 Chemistry - 461.7 Health Care - 414 Masonry Materials - 549.1 Alkali Metals DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.065 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 28> Accession number:20113114199418 Title:Research on elytron section microstructure of four species beetles and biomimetic models Authors:Zhang, Fu (1); Gao, Hang (1); Tong, Jin (2); Zhou, Jiang (2); Ma, Yunhai (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Vehicle and Motive Power Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University at Nanling Campus, Changchun 130025, China Corresponding author:Tong, J.(jtong@jlu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:105-109 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The microstructure of the elytron of four species beetles, Protaetia orentalis, Copris ochus, Anoplophora chinensis and Cytister bengalensis, were examined with SEM. The biomimetic schematic models were established based on the analysis results. The results showed that the elytron is composed of laminated composite materials and the structures of their fibers or fiber bundles have varied types, including T type structure, the branch fiber structure, the laminated structure, the helicoidal structure, the hole structure and the reticular structure. The laminated structure is important in the microstructures of the elytron. There are many types of fiber reinforced composite boards based on the different structures of biological composite materials. The structural feature of the insect elytron materials can provide some biomimetic models for the structural design of the biomimetic composite materials with light weight and high strength including the laminated composites and the fiber reinforced composites. Number of references:12 Main heading:Fiber reinforced materials Controlled terms:Biological materials - Biomimetic materials - Biomimetics - Delamination - Fiber reinforced plastics - Fibers - Laminating - Microstructure - Model structures - Structural design Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Beetle - Biological composites - Biomimetic composites - Biomimetic model - Different structure - Elytra - Fiber bundles - Fiber reinforced composites - Fiber structures - Helicoidal structure - High strength - Hole structures - Laminated structures - Light weight - Structural feature - Type structures Classification code:951 Materials Science - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 817.2 Polymer Applications - 933 Solid State Physics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 415.2 Plastics Structural Materials - 415 Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 408 Structural Design - 461 Bioengineering and Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.019 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 29> Accession number:20113114199461 Title:Thin layer drying characteristics and quality evaluation of steam blanched chrysanthemum Authors:Qin, Shan (1); Wen, Xuesen (1); Shen, Tao (1); Xiang, Lan (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Corresponding author:Wen, X.(x.s.wen@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:357-364 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:This article aimed to investigate the thin layer drying characteristics of the steam-blanched chrysanthemum and evaluate the quality of the resulting products. The drying was carried out at air temperatures of 60, 80, 100 and 120°C and an air velocity of 0.5 m/s. The results showed that it was a typical process with the characteristics of falling rate drying, and drying rate was markedly accelerated with increase of temperature. The process could be divided into three stages, the first, second and third falling rate stages, and about 84% of moisture was removed in the first falling rate stage. The effective diffusivities were calculated from the data of the first falling rate stage and ranged from 1.10 to 6.44×10<sup>-9</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s, and the activation energy was found to be 1829.5 kJ/kg. Midilli model better fit the drying behaviour of the first falling rate stage compared to the other eight models investigated. Steam blanching for 2 min combined with drying at 100°C or 120°C was recommended for the production of high quality chrysanthemum. Number of references:33 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Activation energy - Blanching - Plants (botany) - Quality control - Steam - Sugars Uncontrolled terms:Antioxidant activities - Caffeoylquinic acids - Chrysanthemum - Effective diffusivities - Flavonoid glycosides Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 642.1 Process Heating - 614 Steam Power Plants - 461.9 Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.062 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 30> Accession number:20113114199406 Title:Characteristics of soil and water loss of different slope land uses in small watershed on the Loess Plateau Authors:Jiang, Na (1); Shao, Ming'an (2) Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author:Shao, M.(mashao@ms.iswc.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:36-41 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The study on the relationship between land uses and soil and water loss was of great significance to the soil and water conservation and the ecosystem restoration of small watersheds on the Loess Plateau. In the Liudaogou catchment located in Shenmu County, north Shaanxi, China, five standard runoff plots were built on the five natural slopes with different land use patterns on them for observing the runoff and sediment yield produced under these slope land uses (caragana, soybean, millet, artificial grassland and de-farming grassland). The results showed that the runoff yields produced in millet, soybean, de-farming grassland, natural grassland and caragana runoff plots within the experiment duration were 2.1, 2.2, 1.5, 1.2 and 0.9 m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, the runoff coefficients in these five plots were 4.1%, 4.6%, 2.9%, 2.4% and 1.9%, respectively, and the order of the runoff yield in the five plots was soybean>millet>de-farming grassland>natural grassland>caragana, with the maximum runoff yield being 2.4 times greater than the minimum. The sediment yields produced in these five plots were 196.6, 228.6, 27.2, 23.3 and 10.4 kg, respectively, and the order of the sediment yields in the five plots was soybean>millet>de-farming grassland>natural grassland>caragana, with the maximum sediment yield being 2.4 times greater than the minimum. The results showed that the grass and shrubs had better effects on soil and water conservation than the cultivated slope land, and this can provide basic data references for evaluating the effects of vegetation construction and restoration. Number of references:22 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Anoxic sediments - Catchments - Landforms - Restoration - Runoff - Sedimentology - Soils - Water conservation - Watersheds Uncontrolled terms:Artificial grassland - Different slopes - Ecosystem restoration - Land use pattern - Loess Plateau - Natural grassland - Runoff coefficients - Runoff yield - Sediment yields - Slope land - Small watersheds - Soil and water conservation - Soil and water loss Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 402 Buildings and Towers - 409 Civil Engineering, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.007 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 31> Accession number:20113114199415 Title:Experiments on stripping header for harvesting lodging super rice Authors:Han, Bao (1); Jiang, Yiyuan (1); Wu, Wenfu (2) Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) Bio-Agriculture Engineering College, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China Corresponding author:Han, B.(hanbao2004@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:90-94 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Lodging is one of the common and serious problems in rice production, and especially leads to difficult for the mechanization harvesting and large threshing losses for pre-frost lodging super rice. To solve this kind of problems, a new stripping header with air suction was developed. With postharvest loss rate (scattering loss, loss of grain in straw and un-threshed loss) and recovery efficiency of grain as judging index and referential index respectively, single factor test and orthogonal test, which contained factors of feeding velocity, linear velocity of stripping rotor with triangle plate teeth, inlet opening size and air-flow velocity, were used to optimize the design and confirm the optimal combination of the key parameters of the header. Single factor test showed that the major factors affecting stripping header losses were the feeding velocity, linear velocity of stripping rotor, horizontal opening and air-flow velocity of feeding mouth. Furthermore, orthogonal experiment results showed that the best scheme was: the linear velocity of stripping rotor was 23 m/s, feeding speed was 0.9 m/s, inlet air-flow velocity was 14 m/s and inlet opening size was 100 mm, the postharvest loss rate was 1.52%. The experimental results indicate that the stripping header can meet the requirements of stripping harvest for lodging super rice, and can provide a basis for design of stripping header of stripper harvester for lodging super rice. Number of references:15 Main heading:Stripping (dyes) Controlled terms:Cold heading - Experiments - Feeding - Flow velocity - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Harvesting - Inlet flow - Machinery - Optimization - Rotors (windings) - Velocity Uncontrolled terms:Air flow - Air suction - Feeding speed - Key parameters - Linear velocity - Lodging super rice - Major factors - Opening sizes - Optimal combination - Orthogonal experiment - Orthogonal test - Post-harvest loss - Recovery efficiency - Rice production - Scattering loss Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 704.1 Electric Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631 Fluid Flow - 601 Mechanical Design - 545.3 Steel DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.016 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 32> Accession number:20113114199443 Title:Spatial regression analysis on influence factors of maize lodging stress Authors:Yang, Yang (1); Yang, Jianyu (1); Li, Shaoming (1); Zhang, Xiaodong (1); Zhu, Dehai (1); Liu, Zhe (1); Mi, Chunqiao (1); Xiao, Kaineng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Yang, J.(ycjyyang@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:244-249 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A regression model was applied to analyze the reason causing the spatial distribution of maize lodging in the main maize-growing areas, in order to guide the promotion of new maize varieties. Multivariate stepwise regression method was adopted in this study to select the decisive factors of maize lodging in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area. The aim was to figure out whether there was spatial nonstationarity and spatial dependence between the lodging stress and its relative determinants by comparing with the analysis results from the ordinary least squares linear regression model and geographically weighted regression model. The results demonstrated that geographically weighted regression model was better than the ordinary least squares linear regression model when analyzing the special heterogeneity of maize lodging; Daily precipitation was the main environmental determinant of maize lodging stress and it had a positive influence on maize lodging stress; The relationships of soil nitrogen content, planting density and daily average wind speed changed with space position positively and negatively; Therefore analyzing the causes of maize lodging stress according to the local conditions is necessary for providing an objective and effective guidance of plant production to farmers. Number of references:19 Main heading:Linear regression Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Environmental determinants - Geographically weighted regression - Geographically weighted regression models - Influence factors - Linear regression models - Local conditions - Lodging - Maize varieties - Multivariate stepwise regression method - Ordinary least squares - Plant production - Planting density - Regression model - Soil nitrogen content - Spatial dependence - Spatial non-stationarity - Summer maize - Wind speed Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.044 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 33> Accession number:20113114199403 Title:Characteristics of inferior variation of water environment and regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir in Jinghui Canal Irrigation District of China Authors:Liu, Yan (1); Zhu, Hongyan (2) Author affiliation:(1) Academe of Water and Development, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Liu, Y.(lydyh1437@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:19-24 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To ensure the safety of water environment and sustainable utilization of groundwater resource, the severity of inferior variation in Jinghui Canal Irrigation District was pointed out, and the necessity to carry out regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir was confirmed by analyzing characteristics of inferior variation of water environment since 1980s. Irrigation district was verified to possess ability for regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir by water intaking condition, groundwater reservoir, water source for reserve and reserve pattern. The regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir of each observation station was calculated through capacity drainage method, 6.46×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup> could be regarded as the maximal regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir, 0.281×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup> regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir per year. The results indicated that utilization of surface water should be intensified in Spring and Summer properly, Shiqiao and Jingyang stations should take precedence to reserve groundwater in view of larger regulating capacity of groundwater reservoir and water supply ability, and promote to realize "replenish channels by wells, conserve wells by channels". All of these can not only reserve local groundwater resource, but also contribute to sustainable utilization of water resource, and ultimately guarantee eco-environment and cereals safety in irrigation district. Number of references:21 Main heading:Groundwater resources Controlled terms:Groundwater - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Sustainable development - Underground reservoirs - Water supply - Wells Uncontrolled terms:Canal irrigation - Drainage methods - Eco-environments - Groundwater reserve ability - Inferior variation - Irrigation districts - Jinghui Canal Irrigation District - Sustainable utilization - Water environments - Water source Classification code:911.2 Industrial Economics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.2 Groundwater - 441.2 Reservoirs - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.004 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 34> Accession number:20113114199420 Title:Improved design and experiments of small-size vegetable transplanter Authors:Wan, Lin (1); Wang, Chun (1); Che, Gang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing 163319, China Corresponding author:Wang, C.(wangchun@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:117-122 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For developing vegetable transplanting mechanization, based on the indoor soil bin test, a vegetable transplanter with functions of trenching, seedlings delivery, righting, covering and compacting was designed. The design of seedling delivery mechanism, the curved runner furrow opener and the V-type compactor was completed for better transplanting effects by the virtual prototype technology and optimum design method. Structure parameters of the transplanter were optimized by orthogonal experiments, which included that the velocity was 0.25-0.30 m/s, the vertical angle of send seedlings tube was 12°, and the relative position of compactor was 10 mm. The field experiments showed that the machine had simple structure, good adaptability and its performance could better meet agriculture technique requirements. It can provide theoretical basis for the design of auto transplanters. Number of references:15 Main heading:Design Controlled terms:Experiments - Machinery - Vegetables Uncontrolled terms:Delivery mechanism - Field experiment - Furrow openers - Optimum designs - Orthogonal experiment - Relative positions - Simple structures - Structure parameter - Theoretical basis - Virtual Prototype Technology Classification code:408 Structural Design - 601 Mechanical Design - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.021 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 35> Accession number:20113114199419 Title:Influence of light and heating temperature coupling effect on phototactic gain of locusts Authors:Liu, Qihang (1); Zhou, Qiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Zhou, Q.(zq@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:110-116 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To confirm gain effect of heating temperature on phototactic response of locusts, and coupling effect of light and heating temperature inducing locusts effectively, influence of the same illumination of violet light and green-violet-blue light combined with different heating temperatures were investigated through the comparative test of locust's directional response to LED light and coupling of light and temperature by means of LED light source, heating device and locust's phototactic trial equipment. The coupling effect of light and heating temperature interacting with environmental temperature influenced on the principle of the locust's phototactic gain was discussed. Heating temperature, locust's sensitive spectral illumination, environmental temperature, activive behavioral rhythm of locusts, behaving during the daytime and habitating at night have influences on locust's phototactic selective response. The heating temperature of 65°C combined with different spectrum has better effect on locust's phototactic gain. Simultaneously, locust's phototactic selective response to the coupling effect of violet light and heating temperature of 65°C, comparing coupling effect of different spectral light and different heating temperature, is the best during the same time periods, and the gain effect of heating temperature on locust's phototactic response at 0:00-2:00 is the optimum. Therefore, on phototactic response of locusts inspired by coupling effect of locust's sensitive spectral illumination and heating temperature, heating temperature on locust's phototactic response and cluster has the function of, gain effect while locust's sensitive spectral illumination plays a major role. The results can supply a theoretical foundation for design of photoelectric stimulation sources used in photoelectric inducing and trapping locusts. Number of references:18 Main heading:Heating Controlled terms:Light emitting diodes - Light sources - Photoelectricity Uncontrolled terms:Coupling effect of light and heating temperature - Crop protection - Locusts - Phototactic gain - Spectral light Classification code:643.1 Space Heating - 741.1 Light/Optics - 744 Lasers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.020 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 36> Accession number:20113114199435 Title:Farmland environmental quality evaluation system for edible agricultural products based on WebGIS Authors:Li, Wenfeng (1); Li, Chao (2); Yang, Linnan (1); Li, Ming (3); Liu, Xiaolin (1) Author affiliation:(1) University Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Technology in Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; (2) Meteorological Observatory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China; (3) Personnel Division, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China Corresponding author:Yang, L. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:198-202 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to evaluate the farmland environmental quality for the edible agricultural product accurately and improve the edible agricultural product security. Agricultural environment of Jianshui county in Yunnan province was kept monitoring for consecutive years, six web-spatial databases were developed by WebGIS and database technology, including agricultural basic database, agrometeorology database, soil property database, atmospheric pollutant database, soil pollutant database, and irrigation water pollutant database. According to China national standard, farmland environmental quality evaluation standards for edible agricultural products, an evaluation model was developed to evaluate the environmental quality of atmosphere, soil, and irrigation water for edible agricultural product farmland. With the six databases and the evaluation model, an information service system based on WebGIS was developed by the tools SupMapGIS and Visual Studio 2005. The system can be used for the telematic of agricultural environment, spatial analysis of pollutant information, the evaluation of single pollutant in atmosphere, soil and irrigation water, and comprehensive evaluation of farmland environmental quality. This study can provide references for development of Decision Support System of non-pollution agricultural product planting and agricultural regionalization and decision-making in non-pollution agricultural production. Number of references:18 Main heading:Quality control Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Artificial intelligence - Database systems - Decision making - Decision support systems - Farms - Geologic models - Information services - Irrigation - Pollution - Soils - User interfaces - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural environments - Agricultural productions - Agrometeorology - Atmospheric pollutants - Comprehensive evaluation - Database technology - Edible agricultural product - Environment - Environmental quality - Evaluation models - Evaluation system - Irrigation waters - National standard - Service systems - Soil property - Spatial analysis - Telematics - Visual studios - Web-GIS - Yunnan province Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 912.2 Management - 903.4 Information Services - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723.3 Database Systems - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 446.1 Water Supply Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.036 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 37> Accession number:20113114199444 Title:CFD analysis of airflow distribution in greenhouse with pad and fan cooling system Authors:Wang, Rui (1); Xu, Hui (1); Ma, Jian (1); Li, Tianlai (1); Qu, Jia (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China Corresponding author:Wang, R.(Wang_rui80@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:250-255 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The air circulation and microclimate distribution in a forced ventilation greenhouse with pad and fan cooling system was analyzed by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the finite element method. The simulation concerned the distribution of temperature, airflow, humidity in the latitudinal cross-section in the greenhouse. Two cases in two operation conditions (1. only pad operation, 2. pad and fan operation) were investigated: in the first case there was no crop inside the greenhouse, while in the second greenhouse, the crop was simulated as porous material and was governed by the Darcy-Forcheimier equation in the model. The model simulations were validated with respect to temperature, airflow speed and relative humidity field measurement inside the experimental greenhouse. The simulation errors were 0.10% to 2.63%, 0.81% to 18.54% and 2.0%-12.64% for air velocity, air temperature and humidity respectively at the observation points. Number of references:15 Main heading:Greenhouses Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Cooling systems - Crops - Finite element method - Porous materials - Thermoelectric equipment Uncontrolled terms:Air circulation - Air temperature - Air velocities - Airflow - Airflow distribution - Airflow speed - CFD analysis - Distribution - Distribution of temperature - Field measurement - Forced ventilation - Model simulation - Observation point - Operation conditions - Pad and fan - Simulation error Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 723.5 Computer Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.045 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 38> Accession number:20113114199433 Title:Soil moisture information extraction based on integration of active and passive remote sensing data Authors:Yu, Fan (1); Zhao, Yingshi (2) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China; (2) Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China Corresponding author:Yu, F.(yufan021@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:187-192 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For improving the precision of soil moisture monitoring, a classifier based on integration of both active and passive remote sensing data and the Bayesian Networks for inversion of soil moisture was presented and tested in Heihe river basin, a semi-arid area in the north-west of China. In the algorithm the wavelet transform and IHS were combined to integrate TM3, TM4, TM5 and ASAR data. The method of maximum distance in local region was adopted as the fusion rule for prominent expression of the detailed information in the fusion image, and the spectral information of TM could be retained. Then the new R, G, B components in the fusion image and the TM6 were used as the input of the Bayesian network, and the outputs were five different categories corresponding to different levels of soil moisture values. The field measurement was carried out for validation of the method. A better result was acquired in vegetation coverage area, and the precision of classification could reach up to 76.1%, but ineffective in desert areas. So the method is applicable for reflecting the distribution of soil moisture in vegetation covered area. Number of references:19 Main heading:Moisture control Controlled terms:Arid regions - Bayesian networks - Distributed parameter networks - Image fusion - Inference engines - Intelligent networks - Metadata - Moisture determination - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Vegetation - Wavelet transforms Uncontrolled terms:ASAR data - Desert area - Field measurement - Fusion image - Fusion rule - Heihe river basin - Information Extraction - Local region - Maximum distance - Passive remote sensing - Semiarid area - Soil moisture monitoring - Spectral information - Vegetation coverage Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 717 Optical Communication - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 703.1 Electric Networks - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.034 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 39> Accession number:20113114199405 Title:Effects of irrigation threshold on growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber plug seedlings Authors:Zhao, Qingsong (1); Li, Pingping (1); Wang, Jizhang (1); Gao, Bei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Li, P.(lipingping@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:31-35 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to provide irrigation references for industry culture of cucumber plug seedings, with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety Jinyou 1 as test material, the effects of different irrigation threshold treatments on dry matter accumulation, root activity, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied by using vinegar residue as plug seedling substrate. The experiments were conducted with four treatments with the irrigation threshold at 65%, 55%, 45%, 35% of the relative water content of medium respectively. The results showed that when the irrigation threshold was 55% of the relative water content of medium, the accumulated dry matter, length of taproot, root activity of seedlings and photosynthetic capacity were greater than those of seedlings under other irrigation threshold, followed was the 45% treatment. So it was suggested that 45%-55% of the relative water content of medium can be the optimum irrigation threshold in cucumber plug-seedlings raising. Number of references:20 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Chlorophyll - Photosynthesis - Physiological models - Plants (botany) - Seed - Water content Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters - Cucumber - Cucumis sativus - Dry matter accumulation - Dry matters - Photosynthetic capacity - Physiological characteristics - Plug seeding - Plug seedling - Relative water content - Test materials Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 741.1 Light/Optics - 461.9 Biology - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.006 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 40> Accession number:20113114199448 Title:Effects of gas-gas heat exchanger on improving the performance of solar regenerator Authors:Song, Weitang (1); Yao, Longlu (1); Ding, Tao (1); Huang, Zhidong (2); Li, Baoming (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Song, W.(songchali@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:278-282 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The low energy efficiency of solar regenerator has been a common concern in the solar evaporation-dehumidification cooling system. In order to enhance the energy utilization efficiency, a gas-gas heat exchanger was used as an additional heat-recycle unit to capture residual heat from hot air. Two types of regenerators with(GGHEW) and without(GGHEN) gas-gas heat exchanger were studied and their performances were compared. The results showed that both dehumidification capability and efficiency of regenerator were enhanced with the increase of the temperature of water heated by solar energy. The basic performance of regenerator was significantly improved by adding gas-gas heat exchanger. Dehumidification capability of GGHEW was in a range from 40 to 55 g/kg, which was 35-45 g/kg more than that of GGHEN. The regeneration efficiency of GGHEW could reach up to 60% at 90°C of hot water, which was 30%-50% higher than that of GGHEN. It was concluded that installation of gas-gas heat exchanger on the solar regenerator can improve the solar energy utilization efficiency and the regeneration efficiency, which indicates that heat recycle is necessary for solar regenerator. Number of references:14 Main heading:Solar water heaters Controlled terms:Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Gases - Humidity control - Recycling - Regenerators - Solar energy - Solar radiation Uncontrolled terms:Dehumidification - Energy utilization efficiency - Gas-gas heat exchangers - Hot air - Hot water - Regeneration efficiency - Residual heat - Solar regenerators Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 402 Buildings and Towers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.049 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 41> Accession number:20113114199451 Title:Effects of ammonization pretreatment on anaerobic digestion performance of rice straw Authors:Ma, Shuqing (1); Yuan, Hairong (1); Zhu, Baoning (1); Liu, Yanping (1); Zou, Dexun (1); Dang, Feng (1); Pang, Yunzhi (1); Li, Xiujin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Center for Resources and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (2) Planting Industry Service Centre of Yanqing County of Beijing City, Beijing 102100, China Corresponding author:Li, X.(xjli@mail.buct.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:294-299 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to provide N for the growth of microorganisms, reduce operating costs, and maintain efficiency gas production, ammonic pretreatments of straw were used. Effects of ammonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion performance of rice straw were investigated. Four NH<inf>3</inf> doses (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%), and three loading rates (50, 65 and 80 g/L) were used. The rice straw was first pretreated by different doses of NH<inf>3</inf>. The results showed that pretreated rice straw achieved the best pretreatment results with the dose of 4%NH<inf>3</inf>. At the dose of 4% NH<inf>3</inf> and loading rate of 65 g/L, the total biogas productions was 37010 mL on anaerobic digestion for 70 d, 33920 mL yielded at the technical digestion time 90 d, which were 38.3%, 14.6% and 8.2% respectively more than the untreated, 2% NH<inf>3</inf> and 6% NH<inf>3</inf> pretreated rice straw at the same standard, and total methane production increased by 34.8%, 15.1% and 9.6%, respectively. Total biogas and total methane were 60.8% and 60.3% more than the untreated at the same time (45 d). Anaerobic digestion time was decreased by 10 days. Accordingly the reductions in total solids and volatile solids were increased from 41.6% and 46.6% to 46.4% and 58.6%, respectively. Compared to untreated rice straw, hemicellulose and lignin of NH<inf>3</inf> pretreated rice straw were decreased from 27.7% and 6.9% to 20.8% and 5.2%, the crude protein of rice straw was significantly improved from 4.0% to 10.1%. This experimental study can provide an effective way to improve gas production, and provide guideline for designing straw biogas plant. Number of references:16 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Biogas - Methane - Operating costs Uncontrolled terms:Biogas plants - Biogas production - Crude proteins - Digestion time - Experimental studies - Gas productions - Loading rate - Methane production - Pre-Treatment - Pre-treatments - Rice straws - Total solids - Volatile solid Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 522 Gas Fuels - 911.1 Cost Accounting DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.052 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 42> Accession number:20113114199425 Title:Experimental study on effect of slope angle on equivalent friction coefficient of agricultural V-belt Authors:Zhu, Lin (1); Wang, Jinwu (2); Zheng, Dayu (1); Wang, Xi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Light Industry, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China; (2) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Zhu, L.(lintus_cn@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:143-147 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The existed equation of equivalent friction coefficient of V belt has drawback due to the neglect to the deviation of the circumferential friction from the tension of the belt. It's an effective way to calculate the equivalent friction coefficient by taking the slope angle into account. By adopting the displacement fiber optic sensors in the experiment to measure the radial displacement of V belt, the trajectory of the belt and the value of the slope angle were acquired, and then the equivalent friction coefficient of V belt was obtained. The results showed that from the entry to the exit point when the belt contacted the driving pulley, the slope angle firstly decreased gradually and then increased backward, the absolute value of the slope angle was less than 4.5° when the angular velocity of the pulley was smaller or equal to 1500 r/min; the equivalent coefficient of friction increased from 0.9594 to 1.0596 when the angular velocity of the pulley was 600 r/min, which increased from 0.9529 to 1.0601 when the angular velocity was 1500 r/min. To calculate the equivalent friction coefficient of V belt accurately can make the foundation of evaluating the capacity and service life and reasonable selection of V belt used in the agricultural machinery. Number of references:15 Main heading:Friction Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Angular velocity - Belt drives - Belts - Experiments - Fiber optic sensors - Tribology Uncontrolled terms:Absolute values - Coefficient of frictions - Equivalent coefficient of friction - Experimental studies - Friction coefficients - Radial displacements - Slope angles Classification code:602.1 Mechanical Drives - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1 Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.026 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 43> Accession number:20113114199458 Title:Effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing on quality of yellow peaches in pouch Authors:Zhang, Fusheng (1); Zhao, Jun (1); Chen, Fang (1); Liao, Xiaojun (1); Wang, Zhengfu (1); Wu, Jihong (1); Hu, Xiaosong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Wu, J.(wjhcau@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:337-343 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to expand the application of non-thermal processing in canned fruits industry, the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing on qualities of yellow peaches in pouch (YPP) was investigated, and subsequently texture, microstructure, color, pH value, titratable acidity(TA), and total soluble solid (TSS) of HHP processed YPP were evaluated and compared to thermal processed one. The results showed that texture, microstructure, color, pH value, TA, and TSS of YPP treated by HHP processing (600 MPa, >5 min) were preserved, while texture and microstructure of YPP treated by thermal processing (90±2°C, 20 min) were severe damaged and TSS increased. Sensory evaluation of HHP processed YPP showed no significant differences from unprocessed samples in sensory attributes except for taste and freshness, while thermal processing had significant effect on sensory attributes except for color and aroma. The result can provide a reference for industrial production of HHP processed canned fruits. Number of references:32 Main heading:pH effects Controlled terms:Color - Fruits - Hydraulics - Hydrodynamics - Hydrostatic pressure - Rapid thermal annealing - Textures Uncontrolled terms:High hydrostatic pressure - Industrial production - Non-thermal processing - pH value - Sensory attributes - Sensory evaluation - Titratable acidity - Total soluble solids - Yellow peach Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 741.1 Light/Optics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.059 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 44> Accession number:20113114199465 Title:Effects of different pressing processingses on the quality of sesame oil and cakes Authors:Liu, Yulan (1); Chen, Liuyang (1); Wang, Xuede (1); Hu, Xiaodong (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, He Nan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (2) Kang Bo Hui Xin oil Co., Ltd., Zhumadian 463000, China Corresponding author:Liu, Y.(liuyl7447@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:382-386 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to compare the effects of different press processings on the quality of sesame oil and cakes, whole sesame and dehulled sesame were taken as raw materials to prepare sesame oil by cold press. The quality of the cold pressed sesame oil and cake was analyzed, and compared with that of hot pressed sesame oil and cake and the national standard of fragrant sesame oil. Results showed that the color, acid value and peroxide value of the cold pressed dehulled sesame oil were better than that of hot pressed oil and the national standard requirements of fragrant sesame oil. Though the acid value of cold-pressed dehulled sesame oil was lower than that of the hot pressed sesame oil, the peroxide value was higher than that of the hot pressed sesame oil. The hot pressed oil was rich in V<inf>E</inf> and sesamol, while the cold-pressed oil was rich in sesamin and the oxidation induction time was decreased obviously. The dehulled sesame oil had little tocopherol, but was rich in sesamin and sesamol and had a longer induction time. The plumpness of the whole and dehulled sesame seeds was lowered after pressing, however the figures of them were kept well. The residual oil, protein content and NSI of the cold-pressed dehulled cake were 16.63%, 54.09% and 23.50% respectively. Not only the cold pressed sesame oil had a light color, but also the cold pressed cake had a high protein content and good protein functionality. Number of references:15 Main heading:Vegetable oils Controlled terms:Oxidation - Presses (machine tools) - Proteins Uncontrolled terms:Acid value - Agriculture products - Induction time - Light color - National standard - Oxidation induction time - Peroxide value - Protein contents - Residual oil - Sesame cake - Sesame oil - Sesamin - Sesamol Classification code:603.1 Machine Tools, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.066 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 45> Accession number:20113114199427 Title:Optimal control of gearshift on wet dual-clutch automatic transmission Authors:Liu, Xi (1); Cheng, Xiusheng (1); Feng, Wei (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Automobile Dynamic Simulation, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China Corresponding author:Cheng, X.(xiusheng_cheng@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:152-156 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the gearshift quality of vehicles equipped with wet dual-clutch automatic transmission, the gearshift strategy for different stages of gearshift process was proposed and a dynamic model of gearshift process was established. Optimal control trajectory of clutch pressure at every gearshift stage was obtained by optimal control algorithm in which longitudinal jerk and friction work were chosen to form quadratic performance index function, and the optimal control of clutch pressure in the gearshift process was realized by using optimal control trajectories. In order to verify the validity of optimal gearshift control, real vehicle gearshift tests were conducted, which showed that jerk and friction work could be well equilibrated, and the optimal gearshift control could meet the requirements of ride and rapidness in the gearshift process. This study can provide an effective gearshift control strategy for wet dual-clutch automatic transmission. Number of references:15 Main heading:Longitudinal control Controlled terms:Algorithms - Clutches - Control - Friction - Optimization - Vehicle transmissions Uncontrolled terms:Automatic transmission - Clutch pressure - Friction work - Gearshift control - Gearshift quality - Optimal control algorithm - Optimal controls - Performance indices - Real vehicles Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 732 Control Devices - 931.1 Mechanics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.028 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 46> Accession number:20113114199401 Title:Investigation on performance of evapotranspiration temporal upscaling methods based on eddy covariance measurements Authors:Liu, Guoshui (1); Liu, Yu (1); Xu, Di (1) Author affiliation:(1) National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing 100048, China; (2) Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China Corresponding author:Liu, Y.(liuyu@iwhr.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:7-12 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Evapotranspiration (ET) temporal upscaling method plays an essential role in ET remote sensing. In order to compare the performance of evaporative fraction method, crop coefficient method and canopy resistance method to upscale daily ET from daytime measurements, the daytime variation of evaporative fraction, crop coefficient and canopy resistance were investigated and the performance of three methods were assessed. The field work was carried out in Daxing district under winter wheat surface from March to June and the ET data was measured by eddy covariance. The results showed that the crop coefficient was more constant during daytime than evaporative fraction and canopy resistance, and the closeness of daily value and hourly value for crop coefficient was better than other two parameters. Meanwhile, the crop coefficient method performed better to upscale daily ET than other two methods. It is recommended to choose crop coefficient method to upscale daily ET data for the areas with similar climate, underlying surface conditions and data with similar spatial scale in Daxing district. Number of references:18 Main heading:Crops Controlled terms:Evapotranspiration - Remote sensing - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Canopy resistance - Crop coefficient - Daytime variation - Eddy covariance - Eddy covariance measurements - Evaporative fraction - Field works - Spatial scale - Temporal scale - Two parameter - Underlying surface - Upscaling methods - Winter wheat Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.002 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 47> Accession number:20113114199432 Title:Decomposition of mixed pixel for cotton identification using remote sensing data Authors:Liu, Jiaodi (1); Cao, Weibin (1); Liu, Xue (1); Li, Hua (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Machine and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China Corresponding author:Cao, W.(wbc828@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:182-186 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve cotton identifying accuracy, taking Manas county in Xinjiang province as study area, the linear spectral mixture model (LSMM) was applied to the study of pixel unmixing technique based on TM remote sensing data. Four typical endmember spectrum values were put into the linear model, including spectrums of cotton, corn, tomato and soil. Under unconstrained condition, the mixed coefficient was derived by the least square method, together with the abundance of each surface feature and RMS error chart. The results of pixel unmixing were tested with ground measurement of the cotton field in the study area, which showed that the LSMM modeling was simple with less calculation, and the precision of the decomposition of mixed pixels exceeded 90% that's enough for cotton identification with remote sensing data in Xinjiang province. Number of references:15 Main heading:Pixels Controlled terms:Cotton - Geologic models - Least squares approximations - Remote sensing Uncontrolled terms:Decomposition of mixed pixels - Endmembers - Ground measurements - Least square methods - Linear model - Linear spectral mixture model - Pixel unmixing - Remote sensing data - RMS errors - Study areas - Surface feature - Unconstrained condition - Xinjiang Classification code:481.1 Geology - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.033 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 48> Accession number:20113114199400 Title:Relationship between agricultural energy consumption and economic growth based on panel data model in China Authors:Hu, Lili (1); Niu, Shuwen (1); Ma, Li (1); Zhang, Xin (1); Ding, Yongxia (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth and Environment Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China Corresponding author:Niu, S.(shuwenn@lzu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:1-6 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:It is of great practical significance to reveal the differences of agricultural energy consumption and economic growth in regions of China. By taking three regions in China as the research object, the paper built the panel data model to analyze the relationship between agricultural energy consumption and economic growth based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 1990 to 2008. The results showed that Granger causality existed in each region and made different changes along with the level of economic development. Meanwhile, the bidirectional and long-term Granger causality existed in western region. The differences of the relationship between agricultural energy consumption and economic growth were revealed quantitatively by model analysis for three regions of China and also for provinces of each region. The close degree of the relationship between agricultural energy consumption and economic growth was analyzed in detail, and the difference in agricultural output of different regions caused by increasing energy input was also take into account. Finally, some suggestions were put forward in the paper which can provide references for study of sustainable development of agricultural economy and energy policy making in different regions of China. Number of references:18 Main heading:Economic and social effects Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Economics - Energy policy - Energy utilization - Models Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural economy - Agricultural output - Close degree - Economic development - Economic growths - Energy inputs - Granger Causality - Model analysis - Panel data - Panel data models - Region - Relation - Research object - Western region Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.6 Energy Policy - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 971 Social Sciences DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.001 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 49> Accession number:20113114199442 Title:Comparison of distributed parallel scheduling schemes for crop growth model Authors:Jiang, Haiyan (1); Yin, Yan (1); Peng, Chuanyang (1); Tang, Liang (2); Cao, Weixing (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) Key Lab. of Information Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author:Cao, W.(caow@njau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:237-243 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the computing speed of crop growth models, multi-distributed parallel scheduling schemes were proposed. The data dependency relationships and calculation process for sub-model and sub-model's internal components in field scale were analyzed. Based on the pipeline technology and the separate handling strategy, different distributed parallel scheduling schemes for sub-model components layer, sub-models layer and driver data layer were designed respectively. The parallel simulation scheduling schemes were realized by using programming models of OpenMP, MPI and OpenMP mixed, or MPI in the Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003 (WCCS2003) cluster environment. The results of parallel speedup experiment indicated that the optimized parallel scheme of sub-models layer could achieve average speedup to 8.2 in a PC cluster with six dual-core CPUs, which was close to the predicted value of parallel computing speedup for crop growth model. The medium granularity parallel scheduling schemes in sub-models layer based on MPI has a faster computing speed, and it is more suitable for crop growth simulation system in distributed cluster environment. Number of references:21 Main heading:Computer simulation Controlled terms:Application programming interfaces (API) - Cluster computing - Crops - Message passing - Parallel architectures - Parallel programming - Program processors - Windows operating system Uncontrolled terms:Calculation process - Cluster - Cluster environments - Cluster server - Computing speed - Crop growth - Crop growth model - Data dependencies - Distributed clusters - Driver data - Dual core CPU - Growth simulation model - In-field - Parallel scheduling - Parallel scheme - Parallel simulations - Parallel speedups - PC clusters - Pipeline technology - Programming models - Sharing memories - Submodels Classification code:722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.043 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 50> Accession number:20113114199408 Title:Soil water regulation effect of interval coverage on Lou soil slope Authors:Hao, Chunhong (1); Pan, Yinghua (1); He, Hua (2); Chen, Xi (1); Cui, Sufang (1); Wang, Fenping (4) Author affiliation:(1) College of Geography and Planning, Lu Dong University, Yantai 264025, China; (2) College of Recourse and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (3) Weifang Middle School, Weifang 261031, China; (4) Zhouzhi County Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Xi'an 710400, China Corresponding author:Pan, Y.(panxingxing@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:47-51 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Using indoor artificial rainfall simulation, spatial soil water distribution, storage and rain water use efficiency were investigated under alternative coverage on Lou soil slope. The results showed that there was no significant difference in wetting front shape of different treatments with different area ratios, but there were big differences in wetting front depths. The shape of wetting front in the upper part of infiltration area embodied characteristics of alternative coverage. The soil water content in surface layer had little difference at different locations along the slope, and soil water content difference decreased as catching area increased. The soil profile water distribution of each treatment decreased gradually from soil surface to deeper layers. Area ratio and rainfall intensity were important factors to influence available rainwater use efficiency. Although available rainwater use efficiency decreased with catching area increasing, its infiltration, acceptable rainfall, storage volume per area increased, which is effective for vegetation growth on infiltration area and resisting drought. But these indices decreased with rainfall intensity. Alternative coverage method showed better effect under lower rainfall intensity. Then, how to determine the appropriate catching area ratio to improve available rainwater use efficiency under different conditions and its effects for different soil slope and rainfall conditions still need further investigation. Number of references:13 Main heading:Water content Controlled terms:Efficiency - Rain - Seepage - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Water supply - Water supply systems - Water treatment - Wetting Uncontrolled terms:Alternative coverage method - Area ration - Area ratios - Artificial rainfall - Rainfall condition - Rainfall intensity - Rainwater - Soil profiles - Soil slopes - Soil surfaces - Soil water - Soil water content - Soil-water distribution - Storage volumes - Surface layers - Use efficiency - Vegetation growth - Water distributions - Wetting front - Wetting fronts Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 913.1 Production Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 444 Water Resources - 443.3 Precipitation - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.009 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 51> Accession number:20113114199423 Title:Optimization design and robust analysis of accumulator in hydraulic brake system Authors:Yu, Miao (1); Shi, Boqiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Yu, M.(ym-820610@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:132-136 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For improving the dynamic characteristic of accumulator and ensuring its robustness, the model of hydraulic braking system was developed by using AMESim. The brake number was taken as the optimization target, and the optimization tool was applied. The gas precharge pressure of accumulator was optimized using the genetic algorithms. The best inflation pressure was 6MPa, and the robustness of accumulator was verified. The research results provided the methodological and theoretic basis for match design of accumulator, which offers an important reference for improvement and optimization design of the accumulator. Number of references:16 Main heading:Hydraulic accumulators Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Design - Genetic algorithms - Hydraulic brakes - Hydraulics - Optimization Uncontrolled terms:Accumulator - AMESim simulation - Braking system - Dynamic characteristics - Hydraulic brake systems - Inflation pressures - Optimization design - Optimization tools - Precharge pressure - Research results - Robust analysis Classification code:921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 408 Structural Design - 632.1 Hydraulics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.024 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 52> Accession number:20113114199449 Title:Composting equipment design and technology for rural refuse disposal Authors:Wen, Guolai (1); Wang, Dehan (1); Li, Junfei (2); Zou, Xuan (1); Sun, Yanjun (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Nature Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Environment Research Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou 511400, China Corresponding author:Wang, D.(dehanwang@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:283-287 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The environmental risk caused by the rural refuse increasingly is proved to be a big issue because there is not enough place for landfill. A new kind of composting equipment and technology was studied for dealing with such a problem in this paper. The composting equipment, which is composed of 4 bins with 1.56 m<sup>3</sup> volume of each bin, was tested for 2 months at the municipal solid waste transfer station at Mengyong village, Panyu district in Guangzhou. The power of exhaust fan was 1.1 kW/h, the operation frequency was 10 times per day, 30 minutes per time, so the total operation time was 5 hours a day, the energy cost of the whole compost was 5.5 kW. Through 12 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 24 days of bag fermentation, the temperature could be up to 60°C for at least 5 days, the volume reduction rate of the rural refuse could reach up to 40% after 12 days, and there was no secondary pollution in the whole compost. The results showed that the composting equipment and technology was a feasible way to realize quantitative reduction, harmlessness and resources recovery of the rural refuse. Number of references:18 Main heading:Refuse composting Controlled terms:Bins - Equipment - Fermentation - Municipal solid waste - Refuse disposal - Street cleaning - Technology - Waste treatment Uncontrolled terms:Energy cost - Environmental risks - Equipment design - Guangzhou - High temperature - Operation frequency - Operation time - Secondary pollution - Volume reductions - Waste transfer stations Classification code:452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 694.4 Storage - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 901 Engineering Profession DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.050 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 53> Accession number:20113114199455 Title:Early warning of agricultural ecological security based on the emergy analysis in Wu'an city Authors:Jiang, Yong (1); Fu, Meichen (1); Wang, Zeng (1); Ru, Jie (1); Zhang, Zhongya (1); Zhang, Hongjie (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Bureau of Land and Resources Wu'an, Hebei 056300, China Corresponding author:Fu, M.(fumeichen@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:319-323 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Forecasting changes in agricultural ecology is important for the maintenance of agricultural ecological security and control of agricultural ecosystem deterioration. Based on emergy analysis of agricultural ecosystem, early warning study of regional ecological security identified warning condition and the importance of agricultural ecological security, so that people can make warning and alarming as early as possible and take measures to inhibit, mitigate, control and regulate it effectively before the agricultural ecosystem degradation and qualitative change, which can make agricultural ecosystem step into a vicious cycle. In this thesis, the emergy input-output and emergy based indices of farmland in Wu'an city, Hebei province from 1997 to 2008 were studied through the emergy analysis to dynamically evaluate and identify the farmland sustainability. The early warning system of Wu'an farmland with Grey Model was established for early warning of farmland use. The results indicated that Wu'an city Hebei province had more reliance on the local non-renewable resources input, more environmental pressure and lower sustainability. It changed from no warning condition in 1997 to warning condition in 2008, and it would be consistent in warning condition in 2015, 2020 with Grey Model. In addition, the index of agricultural ecological security of each town is presented. Meanwhile, the countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development are pointed out, which can provide a basis and example for ecological regulation and control of sustainable agricultural development. Number of references:24 Main heading:Ecosystems Controlled terms:Farms - Sustainable development Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural ecology - Early warning - Emergy analysis - Security - Wu'an city Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.056 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 54> Accession number:20113114199434 Title:Prediction of Songhua River flood economic losses in Harbin based on GIS and RS Authors:Zhang, Hui (1); Lei, Guoping (1); Song, Ge (1); Xu, Xiaojia (1); Tian, Nan (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Lei, G.(guopinglei@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:193-197 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Prediction of inundation loss can provide important reference for flood control planning. Base on GIS, the digital elevation model was built, and the the submerged area of Harbin city was simulated under condition that the water level of Songhua River reached to 120.89 m by plane simulation method. The spatial information of urban land use and the spatial distribution of the socio-economic information in Harbin city were acquired by combining GIS with RS technology, and the direct and indirect economic losses were forecasted on agriculture, industry, tertiary industry, rural and urban housing and family wealth in the submerged area. The results showed that when the water level of Songhua River reached 120.89 m, the submerged area which including the Songbei area, Hulan area, Daowai area, Daoli area, Xiangfang area in Harbin would be 1402 km<sup>2</sup>, and the total economic loss was 6.82 billion Yuan. Songbei was the most severe submerged area with biggest total economic loss especially on agriculture, industry, tertiary industry and rural residential family wealth. Daoli area and Daowai area had the most severe loss area with urban housing and family wealth, and their economic loss rate per unit area was also higher, so they were the focus of Harbin city for flood control. Hulan area and the Songbei area had the lowest rate of economic loss per unit area, so it could be considered as flood zoon. Spatial layout of parts of industrial land in Songbei area, Hulan area and Daowai area and parts of urban residential land in Daowai area, Daoli area and Xiangfang area was unreasonable. Number of references:22 Main heading:Losses Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer simulation - Economics - Flood control - Forecasting - Geographic information systems - Housing - Land use - Remote sensing - River control - Spatial distribution - Water levels Uncontrolled terms:Control planning - Digital elevation model - Direct and indirect economic loss - Economic loss - Geographic information - Industrial land - Per unit - Simulation methods - Socio-economics - Songhua River - Spatial informations - Spatial layout - The model of spatial distribution - Urban housing - Urban land use Classification code:921 Mathematics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.3 Database Systems - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.035 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 55> Accession number:20113114199413 Title:Spatial heterogeneity of mineral compositions in surface soil in Mulun National Nature Reserve karst areas Authors:Du, Hu (1); Song, Tongqing (1); Peng, Wanxia (1); Wang, Kelin (1); Liu, Lu (1); Lu, Shiyang (1); Zeng, Fuping (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (2) Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 547100, China; (3) Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Corresponding author:Zeng, F.(fpzeng@isa.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:79-84 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to explore the distribution pattern of the main soil mineral components in karst cluster-peak depression area and to guide vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in the area, the spatial heterogeneity of mineral components (SiO<inf>2</inf>, Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, CaO, MgO, Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, and MnO) in surface soil (0-20 cm) in Mulun National Nature Reserve was studied by the methods of classical statistics and geostatistics. The soil samples were collected with grid method based on a dynamic monitoring plot (200 m × 100 m) in Mulun National Nature Reserve karst cluster-peak depression area. The results showed that the content differences of the six mineral components were large, and the sum of SiO<inf>2</inf> and Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> accounted for 89.53% of the total six mineral components. The variance coefficients of all the six mineral compositions were large. The spatial patterns of the six mineral components were quite different from each other, and fit to different models of mineral components. Both SiO<inf>2</inf> and MnO had medium spatial autocorrelation with long range and well spatial continuum. Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, CaO, and MgO were characterized by strong spatial autocorrelation with short ranges. The Kriging contour maps indicated that the distribution pattern of CaO and MgO were similar, but opposite to that of SiO<inf>2</inf>. And the distribution pattern of Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> was similar with that of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, while MnO was in a relative homogeneous distribution status. The results indicated that topography, micro-physiognomy, precipitation, the history of human disturbance, and especially vegetation were the most important factors that affecting the spatial patterns of soil mineral components in karst cluster-peak depression region. Therefore, increasing plant diversity and vegetation coverage would be of great importance for effective improvement and rational utilization of soil mineral resources. Number of references:26 Main heading:Soil surveys Controlled terms:Aluminum - Autocorrelation - Diseases - Landforms - Manganese oxide - Mineral resources - Silicate minerals - Silicon compounds - Soils - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Contour map - Distribution patterns - Dynamic monitoring - Ecological reconstruction - Geo-statistics - Grid methods - Homogeneous distribution - Human disturbances - Karst areas - Kriging - Long range - Mineral component - Mineral composition - Nature reserves - Plant diversity - Soil minerals - Soil sample - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial heterogeneity - Spatial patterns - Surface soil - Vegetation coverage - Vegetation restoration Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 541.1 Aluminum - 922 Statistical Methods - 501 Exploration and Prospecting - 482.2 Minerals - 481.1 Geology - 461.7 Health Care - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.014 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 56> Accession number:20113114199410 Title:Assessment of phosphorus loss under different tillage methods in Hetao Agricultural Irrigation Areas Authors:Zhang, Xuan (1); Hao, Fanghua (1); Wang, Xiao (1); Wang, Yunhui (1); Ouyang, Wei (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory for Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (2) Shool of PublicPolicy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Corresponding author:Hao, F.(fanghua@bnu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:59-65 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To assess the phosphorus loss under different crops cultivations in farmland, soil samplings were taken in four typical crop types' fields in five layers of 0-100 cm. Based on the isothermal methane-adsorbing experiments, SPSS software was applied to analyze the results statistically. The phosphorus loss potential was evaluated and the influence factors were discussed in this paper. The results revealed that the sorption characteristics of all the soil samples in the study area could be described by Langmiur and Freundich equations, and the Langmiur equation fit better. The soil in wheat field showed better sorption of phosphorus than that of other crops. The soil samples of intercropping field demonstrated poor sorption capacity. The phosphorus sorption of the top soil in the different crop fields showed few variations. Compared with the phosphorus sorption of the deeper layers, the top soil was prone to lose along with farmland drainage except in the intercropping field, where the phosphorus loss with seepage vertically into groundwater was the preferential way. Phosphorus sorption index (PSI) was another effective parameter to assess the phosphorus loss potential except for the theoretically maximum sorption capacity Q<inf>m</inf> and the equilibrium phosphorus concentration at zero sorption(EPC<inf>0</inf>). The conclusions of this paper can provide scientific references for appropriate scheduling on efficient fertilization, irrigation, and non-point source pollution control. Number of references:22 Main heading:Agricultural runoff Controlled terms:Adsorption - Crops - Cultivation - Farms - Groundwater - Irrigation - Methane - Phosphorus - Pollution control - Rating - Soil surveys - Soils Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Crop fields - Effective parameters - Farmland - Farmland drainage - Influence factors - Irrigation area - Isothermal adsorption - Non-point source pollution - Phosphorus concentration - Phosphorus loss - Phosphorus sorption - Soil sample - Soil sampling - Sorption capacities - Sorption characteristics - Study areas - Tillage methods - Top soils - Wheat fields Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 522 Gas Fuels - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.011 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 57> Accession number:20113114199447 Title:Resource-environmental cost of grain production in the gully areas of Loess Plateau Authors:Zhang, Yinglong (1); Xie, Yongsheng (1); Wen, Man (1); Jiang, Qinglong (1); Li, Xiao (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Corresponding author:Xie, Y.(ysxie@ms.iswc.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:269-277 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For the resource depletion and environmental degradation in grain production, environmental economic methods were applied to investigate the resource-environmental cost of grain production in the gully area of Loess Plateau. In the study area in 2008, the resource-environmental loss due to grain production was 19.05% of the total agricultural output, and the resource-environmental cost reached to 2.02 Yuan/kg for wheat and 1.19 Yuan/kg for corn, the total cost was 4.08 Yuan/kg and 2.23 Yuan/kg respectively. However, the procurement price was only 1.72 Yuan/kg for wheat and 1.28 Yuan/kg for corn. The situation of high production cost and low income affected food security and the sustainable development of local ecological economy. The factor analysis on the various factors among the total cost of wheat and corn indicated that agricultural chemical fertilizer cost and resource-environmental cost were the important factors affecting the total cost of grain production. Under current production conditions, the resource-environmental cost of grain production in the area could be reduced by raising the level of scientific and technical inputs, improving the utilizing efficiency of the means of production, and evolving ecological agriculture, so that the sustainable development of the area can be maintained. Number of references:33 Main heading:Cost benefit analysis Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Costs - Ecology - Fertilizers - Food supply - Grain (agricultural product) - Planning - Sustainable development Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural output - Current production - Ecological economy - Environmental economics - Factor analysis - Food security - Grain production - Loess Plateau - Production cost - Resource depletion - Resource-environmental - Study areas - Total costs Classification code:911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 801 Chemistry - 404.2 Civil Defense - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.048 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 58> Accession number:20113114199459 Title:Fast extraction of chitosan from shrimp shell by high intensity pulsed electric fields Authors:He, Guidan (1); Yin, Yongguang (1); Yan, Linna (1); Yu, Qingyu (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China Corresponding author:Yin, Y.(biofood@jlu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:344-348 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the comprehensive utilization of shrimp shells, chitosan of shrimp shell was extracted by the high intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF). Optimal processing parameters were acquired by the single-factor experiment and quadratic regression rotation design, which were also compared with that of heating method and microwave method. It was found that the PEF method has the features of non-thermal, fast response and high deacetylation compared with traditional methods. The mathematical model of the field strength, pulse number and the concentration of sodium hydroxide on the degree of deacetylation was established, and the optimum condition was that: pulse number 10, field strength 20.48 kV/cm, the concentration of sodium hydroxide 48.64%. Under the optimum condition, the degree of deacetylation reached up to 92.32%. So PEF could be a quick method to prepare chitosan from shrimp shell. Number of references:16 Main heading:Shellfish Controlled terms:Acetylation - Chitosan - Electric fields - Heating - Mathematical models - Optimization - Shells (structures) - Sodium Uncontrolled terms:Deacetylation - Degree of deacetylation - Fast extraction - Fast response - Field strengths - Heating method - High-intensity pulsed electric fields - Microwave methods - Nonthermal - Optimal processing - Optimum conditions - Pulse number - Quadratic regression - Shrimp shells - Sodium hydroxides Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 643.1 Space Heating - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 461.9 Biology - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.060 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 59> Accession number:20113114199402 Title:Irrigation canal running status analysis and leakage detection method based on unsteady flow simulation Authors:Li, Kangbin (1); Shen, Bing (1); Li, Zhilu (1); Sun, Nan (2) Author affiliation:(1) Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Ningxia Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering Project Quality Controlpost, Yinchuan 750001, China Corresponding author:Li, K.(winer891@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:13-18 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the water use coefficient and understand the irrigation canal running status and to improve irrigation management level, the channel unsteady flow simulation method was used to analyze the water flow change characteristics in several different cases and the feasibility of irrigation canal leakage detection. The front 10 km irrigation canal of the Stone River Reservoir Irrigation District east main canal was taken as study object. The results showed that unsteady flow simulation method can timely understand the irrigation canal running status, and also can detect the leakage position of irrigation canal by combining with the water level measurement, so as to provide references for ensuring the irrigation canal safe operation and optimizing management. Number of references:18 Main heading:Irrigation canals Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Fiber optic sensors - Flow of water - Flow simulation - Hydraulics - Irrigation - Leak detection - Reservoirs (water) - Unsteady flow - Water levels - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Irrigation district - Irrigation districts - Irrigation management - Leakage detection - River reservoirs - Safe operation - Saint Venant equation - Water flow simulation - Water flows - Water use Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 441.2 Reservoirs DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.003 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 60> Accession number:20113114199463 Title:Optimization of combined treatment condition of hot air and methyl jasmonate for postharvest loquat fruit preservation Authors:Duan, Yangfeng (1); Kong, Fanyuan (1); Zhao, Jing (1); Shen, Jie (1); Wu, Xin (1); Jin, Peng (1); Zheng, Yonghua (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author:Zheng, Y.(zhengyh@njau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:370-374 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to determine the optimum condition of hot air combined with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for preservation of postharvest loquat fruit, the effects of different combined treatment conditions on fruit quality were investigated by using the response surface methodology (RSM). Fresh harvested loquat fruit were pretreated with different concentrations of MeJA (10-30 μmol/L) in hot air at different temperatures (35-45°C) for different treatment times (3-7 h), and then stored at 1°C for 35 days. Fruit internal browning, firmness and extractable juice were measured after the storage. Three second-order quadratic equations of fruit internal browning, firmness and extractable juice were established, and the fitting degree were analyzed through RSM. The key factors and their interactions affecting the loquat quality were also discussed through RSM. The results indicated that the optimum condition for combined treatment of hot air and MeJA was that temperature was 38.5°C, treatment time was 5.8 h, MeJA concentration was 16 μmol/L. The optimized combined treatment was more effective in inhibiting flesh leatheriness and maintaining quality than applying hot air or MeJA alone. The data obtained can provide a foundation for application of the combined treatment in loquat fruit preservation. Number of references:14 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Catalyst deactivation - Optimization Uncontrolled terms:Combined treatment - Fitting degree - Fruit quality - Hot air - Key factors - Loquat fruit - Methyl jasmonate - Optimum conditions - Postharvest - Quadratic equations - Response Surface Methodology - Second orders - Treatment time Classification code:803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.064 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 61> Accession number:20113114199441 Title:Monitoring and controlling system for delivery sow house environment based on configuration software and fuzzy control Authors:Li, Lifeng (1); Wu, Pei (1); Ma, Shuoshi (1); Lu, Shanshan (2); Xuan, Chuanzhong (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Technical College of Mechanics and Electrics, Hohhot 010017, China Corresponding author:Wu, P.(jdwp@imau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:231-236 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to satisfy the living requirements of lactation sows in north cold area of China, an automatic monitoring and controlling system of piggery interior environment was developed. By synthetically considering the variables, temperature, humidity, NH<inf>3</inf> concentration, and their mutual influences, the system realized the intelligent control for piggery interior environment, in which the mechanical ventilation and hot-water heating systems based on the technologies of configuration, fuzzy control as well as decoupling control were used. The test results showed that the environmental monitoring and controlling system was feasible and applicable, the temperature in pig house could be maintained at the needed level while the relative humidity and ammonia concentration could be controlled within the suitable scope as well. Number of references:16 Main heading:Humidity control Controlled terms:Environmental engineering - Fuzzy control - Heating - Heating equipment - Monitoring - Temperature control - Ventilation Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia concentrations - Automatic monitoring - Cold area - Configuration - Configuration software - Decoupling controls - Environmental Monitoring - Hot-water heating systems - Interior environments - Mechanical ventilation - Monitoring and controlling System - Pig house - Piggery - Test results Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 454 Environmental Engineering - 402 Buildings and Towers - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.042 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 62> Accession number:20113114199454 Title:Design and implementation of land use change analysis and decision system Authors:Wan, Yuan (1); Li, Lin (1); Ying, Shen (1); Li, Quan (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Digital Mapping and Land Information Application Engineering, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430079, China Corresponding author:Li, L.(lilin@whu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:313-318 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to quickly and accurately extract the change information of land use data, this paper provides the incremental extraction method to detect change information about land use between two different temporal versions of land use data, and automatically extracts spatial change information and attribute change information. We design and implement a system of Land Use Change Detection and Analysis (LUCDA) which could automatic extract all sorts of change information and make quantitative analysis of the change information. A practical application is used as the case to prove the ability of "timing, locating and quantifying" analysis of the system for land use planning. Number of references:19 Main heading:Information use Controlled terms:Land use - Signal detection Uncontrolled terms:Change detection - Decision systems - Extraction method - Land use change analysis - Land use database - Land Use Planning - Land-use change - Spatial changes Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.055 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 63> Accession number:20113114199411 Title:Effects of N application and simulated rainfall pH value on NO<inf>3</inf>-N leaching loss from canopy of maize Authors:Wang, Limei (1); Li, Shiqing (1); Shao, Ming'an (2) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Li, S.(sqli@ms.iswc.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:66-72 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to find out the effect of acid rain on corn canopy, a simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of N application and rainfall pH on nitrate leaching loss from the potted maize canopy as well as its changes over the growing season. The results showed that the amount of nitrate (NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N) leaching from maize canopy was mainly influenced by canopy N content which closely related with N application when rainfall pH was above 5.0. N application significantly increased the amount of canopy NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching loss, nevertheless, when rainfall pH was 4.0, both rainfall pH and canopy N content had significant influence on NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching loss. The change characteristics of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching loss with decreasing rainfall pH varied at different growth stages, rainfall pH had more significant influence on NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching in early growth stage than in later growth stage. Under the same pH rainfall condition, the amount of canopy NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching loss decreased with maize growing: 11-leaf period > spinning period > grain-filling period, and the amount of leaching loss in early growth stage was obviously higher than in later stage. In conclusion, both canopy N content and rainfall pH could influence NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching loss, but the canopy N content was the comparatively main factor, the maize canopy NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N could be significantly leached by simulated rainfall, especially in early growth stage, thus the amount of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching from canopy should be taken into account in study of canopy N cycle, flux and losses. Number of references:19 Main heading:Precipitation (meteorology) Controlled terms:Acid rain - Forestry - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Leaching - pH effects Uncontrolled terms:Corn canopy - Early growth - Grain-filling periods - Growing season - Growth stages - Leaching loss - Maize - Maize canopy - N content - Nitrate leaching loss - pH value - Rainfall condition - Simulated rainfall Classification code:933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 443.3 Precipitation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.012 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 64> Accession number:20113114199466 Title:Reducing energy consumption of carrot slices dehydration by combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying Authors:Qian, Gelan (1); Zhang, Qi (1); Cui, Zhengwei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Food Engineering and Machinery Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Corresponding author:Cui, Z.(cuizhengwei.sytu@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:387-392 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce the energy consumption during freeze drying (FD) of vegetables, vacuum microwave drying (VMWD) was introduced and applied before or after FD, which is referd to combination I and combination II respectively. For combination I, the optimized microwave power density, moisture content removed during VMWD, sublimation drying time and desorption drying time during FD were 1.6 W/g, 40%, 4 h, and 3 h, respectively. For combination II, the optimized sublimation drying time and microwave power density of VMWD were 7 h, and 1.0 W/g respectively; and temperature control mode was adopted for VMWD. Moreover, the color, the retention of β-carotene and rehydrated ratio of carrot slices by combined drying were very close to those of FD, but the volume retention ratio was slightly less than that of FD while still maintaining an acceptable appearance. Compared with FD, energy consumption of the two combined drying methods was saved by 47.0% and 54.2% respectively, and the drying time was saved by 50%. Number of references:15 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Desorption - Energy utilization - Finite difference method - Microwave generation - Microwave power transmission - Optimization - Phase transitions - Sublimation - Vacuum Uncontrolled terms:Carrot slice - Combined drying - Combined vacuum - Drying methods - Drying time - Freeze drying - Microwave power density - Reducing energy consumption - Retention ratio - Vacuum microwave drying Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 633 Vacuum Technology - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.067 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 65> Accession number:20113114199417 Title:Investigation on the two-phase flow of air-fuel mixture and low emissions for small gasoline engines Authors:Liu, Shengji (1); Tian, Jing (2); Wang, Jian (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City 212013, China; (2) College of Electro Mechanical Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou City 221008, China Corresponding author:Liu, S.(liusj@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:100-104 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:168F spark ignition engine was discussed to reduce the exhaust emissions for meeting the EPA emission standard in this paper. The two-phase flow model of the air-fuel mixture inside the intake system was built by FLUENT. The laws between the structure parameters of carburetor and the excess air ratio were calculated under different working conditions of the engine. According to the testing cycles of the emission standard set by EU and EPA, the formation mechanism of the exhaust emissions was discussed, the characteristic of the excess air ratio for the low-emission S.I. engine was derived, and the air-fuel mixture concentration gradually leant with the engine load reducing. The carburetor parameters for the low emissions S.I. engine were obtained based on the simulation results. The sample engine matching the optimized carburetor was tested. The testing results showed that the NO<inf>X</inf> and HC emissions decreased by 35.4% and 20.3% respectively compared to the original engine. The optimized sample engine can meet the requirements of the emission standard of EPA which is planned to implement in 2012. Number of references:16 Main heading:Two phase flow Controlled terms:Air engines - Air intakes - Air pollution control - Emission control - Engines - Fuels - Load testing - Mixtures - Optimization - Standards Uncontrolled terms:Air fuel mixtures - Emission standard - Engine load - Excess air ratios - Exhaust emission - Formation mechanism - Gasoline engines - HC emissions - Low emission - Matching - Simulation result - Structure parameter - Testing cycles - Testing results - Two phase flow model - Working conditions Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 612 Engines - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 451.2 Air Pollution Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.018 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 66> Accession number:20113114199426 Title:Bayesian method for determination of load sample size in engineering vehicles Authors:Wang, Jixin (1); Ji, Jingfang (1); Hu, Jiyong (1); Wang, Naixiang (1); Zhang, Yingshuang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.(yingshuangz@jlu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:148-151 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The determination of the load sample size, as a critical step of compiling load spectrum, directly affects the accuracy of fatigue life estimation. In order to provide an effective method to determine the load sample size for engineering vehicles, the wheel loader was taken as an example and the load characteristics under the loading cycle condition were analyzed. Under the assumption that both the mean of time-history load and the prior distribution of the mean following the normal distribution, Bayesian method and quadratic loss function with weighting were adopted to calculate the sample size. When the posterior loss expectation reached the minimum value, the estimated values of posterior parameters were acquired, which included the prior information, the sample information and the general information. Finally, based on t distribution theory, the load sample size was obtained, which could meet a given confidence level and the error limit. Number of references:17 Main heading:Normal distribution Controlled terms:Bayesian networks - Construction equipment Uncontrolled terms:Bayesian methods - Confidence levels - Critical steps - Engineering vehicles - Error limits - Fatigue life estimation - General information - Load characteristics - Load spectrum - Loading cycles - Loads - Minimum value - Prior distribution - Prior information - Quadratic loss function with weighting - Quadratic loss functions - Sample information - Sample sizes - T distribution - Wheel loaders Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.1 Probability Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.06.027 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 67> Accession number:20113114199445 Title:Solar water heating model with sun tracking system for increasing biogas production Authors:Hassanein, A.A.M. (1); Zhang, Duo (1); Qiu, Ling (1) Author affiliation:(1) Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Qiu, L.(ql2871@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:6 Issue date:June 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:256-261 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:This study focuses on using solar energy to enhance biogas production. In this research one digester under the ground was used as study object, which is located at Runzhen middle school in Chunhua county, Shannxi province, and its volume is 100 m<sup>3</sup>. The raw material was human manure, which was fed to the system every day. The average temperature in January was -1.6°C, the lowest temperature was -15°C and the average of solar radiation in Runzhen area was 4.5 kwh/m<sup>2</sup>. Because in the winter the biogas yield without heating system will almost stop, the objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using solar energy for increasing biogas production. The system includes a 120 m<sup>2</sup> greenhouse and 8 flat solar thermotube heaters with total surface area of 20 m<sup>2</sup> to reach optimum temperature. Results show that in the winter the solar system can increase biogas yield by 12 m<sup>3</sup> per day with cost 1.5 Yuan/m<sup>3</sup>, all the gas yield can be used in school kitchen by the designed pipe for cooking. In addition, the parabolic trough solar concentrator (PTC) with tracking system was developed for the heating system, which is expected for higher gas production per day without daily additional cost. Number of references:16 Main heading:Solar energy Controlled terms:Biogas - Economic analysis - Heating - Heating equipment - Manures - Navigation - Platinum compounds - Solar radiation - Sun - Tracking (position) Uncontrolled terms:Additional costs - Average temperature - Biogas production - Gas productions - Gas yields - Heating system - Middle school - Optimum temperature - Parabolic trough - PTC - Solar water heating - Sun tracking systems - Total surface area - Tracking system Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 522 Gas Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 643.1 Space Heating DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.000 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普