2011年5月第27卷增刊1
<RECORD 1> Accession number:20112714124101Title:Effects of substrate type on electricity performance of microbial fuel cells Authors:Kong, Xiaoying (1); Sun, Yongming (1); Li, Lianhua (1); Li, Dong (1); Yang, Gaixiu (1) Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China Corresponding author:Kong, X. (kongxy@ms.giec.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:185-188 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The effects of complex compounds in the wastewater as substrate on the electricity generation performance of MFC were studied in this paper with the same concentration of sodium acetate, glucose, sucrose, D-xylose and soluble starch as substrates of MFC. Under the condition of the same concentration of 8 g/L, the MFC with sodium acetate had internal resistance 64 Ω, the maximum volume power density was 3.7 W/m<sup>3</sup>; The MFC with glucose had internal resistance of 84 Ω, the maximum volume power density was 2.67 W/m<sup>3</sup>, D-xylose voltage had the internal resistance of 167 Ω, maximum power density 1.37 W/m<sup>3</sup>; sucrose had internal resistance of 68.3 Ω, maximum power density of 2.4 W/m<sup>3</sup>; the resistance and maximum power density of MFC with starch were 236 Ω and 136 W/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The results showed that MFC could generate the electricity with different organic material. And at the same condition, the simpler the organic compound construction was, the smaller the internal resistance was, the higher the output power was. Number of references:15 Main heading:Microbial fuel cells Controlled terms:Electric generators - Electricity - Fuel cells - Glucose - Power quality - Sodium - Starch - Substrates - Sugar (sucrose) - Volatile fatty acids - Wastewater - Xylose Uncontrolled terms:Complex compounds - D-Xylose - Electricity generation - Internal resistance - Maximum power density - Organic materials - Output power - Performance - Power densities - Sodium acetate - Soluble starch - Substrate types Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 801 Chemistry - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 705.2 Electric Generators - 822.3 Food Products - 702.2 Fuel Cells - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.037 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 2> Accession number:20112714124071Title:Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic ananlysis of corn stalks by steam explosion Authors:Ren, Tianbao (1); Ma, Xiaoqin (1); Xu, Guizhuan (2); Song, Andong (2); Zhang, Bailiang (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002, China Corresponding author:Zhang, B. (hauzblo@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:32-36 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The front technology of biomass pyrolysis used for biomass energy research and development has been more widely appreciated. The pyrolysis characteristics and dynamics of corn stalks by steam explosion pretreatment were studied using the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) method under different heating rate, i.e., 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C and 50°C/min.The terminal temperature was 800°C and the high-purity N<inf>2</inf> was used as reacting and protecting gas. The results indecated that the pyrolysis characteristics and parameters of corn stalks by steam explosion were significantly changed, and maximum thermal decomposition rate increased by 34.57% under the same heating rate. Thermogravimetric dynamic parameters of samples were calculated by the methods of Coats-Redfern and Kissinger, respectively; activation energies of treated corn stalks reduced 24.13%-32.56% compared with corn stalks, and frequency factor improved 8%-10%. Number of references:19 Main heading:Pyrolysis Controlled terms:Activation energy - Biomass - Explosions - Gravimetric analysis - Heating - Heating rate - Steam - Steam cracking - Thermogravimetric analysis Uncontrolled terms:Bio-mass energy - Biomass pyrolysis - Coats-redfern - Corn stalk - Dynamic parameters - Frequency factors - High-purity - Kissinger - Pre-Treatment - Steam explosion - Thermal decompositions - Thermal gravimetric analysis Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 614 Steam Power Plants - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.007 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 3> Accession number:20112714124142Title:Predicting potential geographic distribution of Mikania micrantha planting based on ecological niche models in China Authors:Zhang, Haijuan (1); Chen, Yong (1); Huang, Liejian (2); Ni, Hanwen (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (3) College o f Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author:Chen, Y. (chenyong@sau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:413-418 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Mikania micrantha is a pernicious invasive weed in agriculture and forestry. In this paper, the potential geographic distribution of Mikania micrantha in China was predicted by genetic algorithm for rule-set production(GARP) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models, and determined better model by receiver operating characteristic curve. Meanwhile, environmental variables were analyzed with jackknife method to judge the influence on Mikania micrantha. The results showed that the areas under ROC curves with GARP model and MaxEnt model were 0.910 and 0.971 respectively. It meant that MaxEnt model was better than GARP model in predicting the potential geographic distribution of Mikania micrantha. The results from jackknife method indicated that attitude and the variance of seasonality precipitation had little influence on the distribution of the invasive weed, while the range of annual temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation in the wettest month, precipitation in the wettest quarter and the variance of temperature range had greater influence on the distribution of the weed. According the prediction of MaxEnt, the potential geographic distribution areas of Mikania micrantha were in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macao, Yunnan, Fujian, Tibet and Guizhou. Southeast and southwest of Tibet, southwest of Guizhou and south of Fujian were areas which should be strengthened in monitoring and early warning work. Number of references:29 Main heading:Geographical distribution Controlled terms:Forecasting - Forestry - Genetic algorithms Uncontrolled terms:GARP - Geographic distribution - MaxEent - Mikania micrantha - ROC curves Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.078 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 4> Accession number:20112714124133Title:Drought monitoring based on HJ-1A/1B CCD data Authors:Feng, Haixia (1); Qin, Qiming (1); Jiang, Hongbo (1); Dong, Heng (1); Zhang, Ning (1); Wang, Jinliang (1); Liu, Mingchao (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (2) Department of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250023, China Corresponding author:Qin, Q. (qmqin@pku.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:358-365 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:HJ-1A/1B is the first small satellite constellation in China for environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting. This paper is aimed to discuss the potential application of HJ-1A/1B CCD data in drought monitoring in southwestern Karst area in China. The Anshun area in Guizhou province which suffered greatly from drought disaster in 2010 was selected as study area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Perpendicular Drought Index (PDI) and Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI) were used in a time-series analysis based on multi-temporal HJ-1A/1B data to monitor the crop growth and drought status. The characteristic, suitability and influence factors of each model were also discussed. The results showed that PDI, MPDI performed well by utilizing HJ-1A/1B data in drought monitoring, in which MPDI presented a better performance than PDI, especially in densely vegetated area. Precipitation is a major influencing factor in drought monitoring, and it has more impact on MPDI than PDI. The combination of drought monitoring index and vegetation index (NDVI) in a time-series analysis could give a better description of crop growth and drought condition. This work is hoped to facilitate application of HJ-1A/1B data in crop and drought monitoring in western Karst area of China and contribute to the decision-making of Chinese government when confronting drought disasters. Number of references:26 Main heading:Monitoring Controlled terms:Crops - Decision making - Drought - Harmonic analysis - Landforms - Time series analysis - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Chinese Government - Crop growth - Disaster monitoring - Drought conditions - Drought indices - Drought monitoring - Guizhou Province - HJ-1 - Influence factors - Influencing factor - Karst areas - MPDI - Multi-temporal - Normalized difference vegetation index - PDI - Potential applications - Small satellite constellation - Study areas - Vegetation index Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 912.2 Management - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.069 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 5> Accession number:20112714124103Title:Bioethanol production from lodgepole pine by SO<inf>2</inf>-catalyzed steam explosion Authors:Zhong, Yuehua (1); Saddler, Jack N (2); Xiao, Zeyi (1); Shen, Fei (3) Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (2) Forest Products Biotechnology, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China Corresponding author:Shen, F. (fishensjtu@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:194-199 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this study, the beetle-killed lodgepole pine from the Province of British Columbia, Canada was used as the raw material for steam explosion to investigate the effects of the process of bioethanol production with enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation. The results indicated that the lower SO<inf>2</inf> absorption and the lower moisture content (dry basis) of the raw material affected the efficiency of the steam explosion; Water-washing on the pretreated substrate had no significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis. The cellulose-glucose conversions were kept as 42% without significant variation while the substrate consistency increased from 20 mg/mL to 150 mg/mL, which implied that increasing the substrate consistency had no significant influence on enzymatic hydrolysis. Additionally, the fermentation results showed that the exploded substrate without water-washing was beneficial for subsequent fermentation. The ethanol yield in SHF and SSF only could reach 66% and 55%, respectively, compared with the theoretical ethanol yield. As a result, applying SO<inf>2</inf>-catalyzed steam explosion for enzymatic hydrolysis with lower SO<inf>2</inf> absorption and lower moisture content of raw material is not very efficient and needs further optimization for the lodgepole pine. Number of references:22 Main heading:Enzymatic hydrolysis Controlled terms:Absorption - Agricultural wastes - Bioethanol - Catalysis - Ethanol - Explosions - Explosives - Fermentation - Glucose - Moisture - Moisture determination - Steam - Substrates - Sulfur dioxide - Washing Uncontrolled terms:Bio-ethanol production - British Columbia , Canada - Ethanol yield - Lodgepole pine - SO<inf>2</inf>-catalyzed steam explosion - Steam explosion Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 614 Steam Power Plants - 523 Liquid Fuels - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 801 Chemistry DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.039 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 6> Accession number:20112714124126Title:Effects of moisture content and compression frequency on straw open compression energy consumption Authors:Liao, Na (1); Han, Lujia (1); Huang, Guangqun (1); Chen, Longjian (1); He, Cheng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Han, L. (hanlj@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:318-322 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Wheat straw Nongda 211 and corn stalk Nongda 108 were chosen in order to decrease compress energy requirements and to optimize compression technology. Aimed to simulate the actual conditions of biomass straws baling, "open compression" were experimentally explored with wheat straws and corn stalks in the self-made cylinders by universal testing machine INSTRON 3367. Specific energy requirements for straws were taken into consideration under different moisture contents (15%, 35% and 55% for wheat straws, 25%, 45% and 65% for corn stalks) and frequencies (0.5/min, 0.75/min and 1/min). Study discovered that specific energy requirements of wheat straws were smallest at 55% moisture content and 0.5/min frequency, and ones of corn stalks were smallest at 65% moisture content and 0.5/min frequency under "open compression". Results shows that moisture content and frequency significantly affected specific energy requirements for wheat straws and corn stalks compression, and specific energy requirements decreased with an increase of moisture content and with a decrease of compression frequency. Number of references:20 Main heading:Moisture Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Moisture determination Uncontrolled terms:Compression energy - Compression technologies - Corn stalk - Energy requirements - Instron - Moisture contents - Specific energy requirement - Universal testing machines - Wheat straws Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 944.2 Moisture Measurements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.062 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 7> Accession number:20112714124112Title:Effect of exogenous glycine betaine on the physiological responses of cotton seedlings under salt stress Authors:Gao, Yan (1); Lou, Kai (2); Li, Chun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy/Key Lab. of Green Chemical Process of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China; (2) Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Urumqi 830091, China Corresponding author:Lou, K. (loukai02@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:244-248 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The effects of exogenous glycine betaine on the physiological responses of cotton seedings under salt stress were studied. No.18 cotton widely cultivated in Xinjiang was selected as study object under 200 mmol/L NaCL stress and spraying 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L glycine betaine respectively. The changes of physiological index were measured after 7 day. The results showed that under the condition of no salt stress, the content of proline and soluble sugar were improved significantly, while malonaldehyde (MDA) and antioxidative enzyme were not affected by spraying glycine betaine.The content of MDA increased significantly and proline, soluble sugar and antioxidative enzymes activity increased under salt stress. After spraying glycine betaine under salt stress, the production of MDA were inhibitted effectually, at the same time the content of proline, soluble sugar and antioxidative enzyme increased further more. Glycine betaine alleviated the damage of cotton seedings caused by salt tress, and 5 mmol/L glycine betaine had better effect. Number of references:16 Main heading:Amino acids Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Cotton - Enzymes - Hardwoods - Physiological models - Physiology - Sugars Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidative enzymes - Glycinebetaine - Malonaldehyde - Physiological characteristics - Physiological indices - Physiological response - Salt stresss - Soluble sugars - Xinjiang Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 819.1 Natural Fibers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.048 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 8> Accession number:20112714124078Title:Biogas production from peanut vine by anaerobic fermentation Authors:Liu, Liang (1); Liu, Shengyong (1); Zhou, Huifa (3); Hua, Lei (1); Li, Yongbin (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, He'nan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (3) 96401 People's Liberation Army Troops, Baoji 721100, China Corresponding author:Liu, S. (liushy@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:68-73 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Peanut vine was used as material to study its anaerobic fermentation biogas potential.The results showed that the potential of biogas fermentation of peanut vine was up to 0.349 m<sup>3</sup>/KgTS. By using orthogonal test method, its optimization of process parameters was studied. The results showed that fermentation temperature, total solids concentration, pH value had different impacts on the biogas fermentation. Among all the parameters, fermentation temperature and total solids concentration significantly influenced the biogas yield and methane production. The optimum process conditions were as follows: fermentation temperature was 35°C, the total solids concentration was 20%, pH was 7.5, proportion of inoculation was 1:1. Moreover, the rate of biogas was improved significantly by adding a certain percentage of cow dung. It provided important value for the biogas fermentation of peanut vine. Number of references:16 Main heading:Biogas Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Fermentation - Methane - Optimization Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas fermentation - Biogas production - Cow dung - Fermentation temperature - Important value - Methane production - Optimization of process parameters - Optimum process conditions - Orthogonal test method - Peanut vine - pH value - Process parameters - Total solids concentrations Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.014 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 9> Accession number:20112714124092Title:Saccharification and fuel ethanol production with turfgrass Authors:Yang, Peizhou (1); Jiang, Shaotong (1); Zheng, Zhi (1); Luo, Shuizhong (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 23009, China; (2) Food Science and Engineering Post-doctoral Research Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 23009, China; (3) Key Laboratory for Agriculture Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China Corresponding author:Jiang, S. (jiangshaotong@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:143-146 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to produce fuel-ethanol from the turfgrass, the mixing fermentation of hydrolysis was carried out by both the Pachysolen tannophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After the pretreatments of the powdering and soaking of alkaline oxide, the solid residues were decomposed by the mixing of both the cellulase and pectase. The results showed that the percentage of lignin removal reached 70% under the condition of solid-liquid rate 1:40 (w/w) of alkaline oxide, soaking time 48 h. The ethanol concentration reached 9.6 g/L and 11.7 g/L, respectively, after 30 h of fermentation. The conversion rates of sugar-ethanol were 25.7% and 38.1% (w/w), which had 61.2% and 74.7% of the theoretical value, respectively. Number of references:18 Main heading:Saccharification Controlled terms:Ethanol - Ethanol fuels - Fermentation - Fuels - Sugars - Yeast Uncontrolled terms:Conversion rates - Ethanol concentrations - Fuel ethanol - Lignin removal - Pachysolen tannophilus - Pre-treatments - Renewable energies - Soaking time - Solid residues - Solid-liquid - Theoretical values - Turfgrass Classification code:811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.028 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 10> Accession number:20112714124121Title:Intelligent testing technology of vehicle fuel consumption based on carbon balance method Authors:Fu, Baixue (1); Hu, Shenghai (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical, Harbin University of Engineering, Harbin 150001, China; (2) Automotive Engineering Department, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China Corresponding author:Fu, B. (fbxns@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:295-298 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the defect of vehicle fuel consumption directly testing method and the current problems existing in the carbon balance method, intelligent testing method for vehicle fuel consumption was studied based on virtual instrument technology, which including sampling system, flow sensor and emission analyzer. The vehicle fuel consumption calculation model suitable for China's specific condition was established based on carbon balance method, and fuel consumption test system was designed according to the test system function requirements. Through the experiments, comparison with fuel consumption meter test results for the real car was conducted based on the data processing analysis. The fuel consumption mathematic calculation model was modified through the curve fitting and linear regression,. The consumption sampling testing system is convenient to collect samples, and can satisfy the various testing conditions with a precision of 3.5%. It can realize fast inspection of vehicle fuel consumption without disassembly testing. Number of references:15 Main heading:Fuels Controlled terms:Curve fitting - Data handling - Instrument testing - Steel metallurgy - Vehicles Uncontrolled terms:Calculation models - Carbon balance method - Consumption calculation - Flow-sensors - Sampling systems - Test results - Test systems - Testing conditions - Testing method - Testing systems - Testing technology - Virtual instrument technology Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 545.3 Steel - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 432 Highway Transportation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.057 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 11> Accession number:20112714124074Title:Effect of pig manure addition on biogas production of combined two- phase anaerobic digestion Authors:Dong, Baocheng (1); Chen, Ling (1); Zhang, Yuhua (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Wan, Xiaochun (1); Gao, Xinxing (1); Zhang, Xudong (1); Luo, Juan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Zhao, L. (zhaolixin5092@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:48-52 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Under mesothermal temperature, the effects of pig manure addition on two phase anaerobic digestion were investigated with different volume ratio of straw and pig manure (1:0, 5:1, and 1:1). After digestion, the materials in top, medium and bottom of CTP were taken out to determine the biogas potentials. The results demonstrated that the biogas production was elevated from 314 L to 500 L, while the stabilities of pH value, acid production were reduced. The volume addition of 20% could promote digestion performance. The biogas potential tests showed that the biogas production in medium of CTP was minimum, while it was maximum in the bottom. This indicated that acidogenic process was prominent in the medium, while methanogenic process was dominant in the bottom of CTP. The volume addition of 20% manure could promote the distribution of acidogenesis and methanogenesis, and strengthen the CTP advantages. Number of references:14 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Biogas - Mammals - Manures - Organic acids Uncontrolled terms:Acid production - Acidogenesis - Acidogenic - Biogas production - Mesothermal - Methanogenesis - pH value - Pig manures - Two phase - Two phase anaerobic digestion - Volume ratio Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 522 Gas Fuels - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.010 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 12> Accession number:20112714124093Title:Enzyme complexes hydrolyzing sweet sorghum bagasse pretreated by different ways Authors:Wang, Wen (1); Zhuang, Xinshu (1); Yu, Qiang (1); Yuan, Zhenhong (1); Qi, Wei (1); Xu, Huijuan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (2) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Corresponding author:Yuan, Z. (yuanzh@ms.giec.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:147-151 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the factors such as the ratio of liquid and solid (L/S), the ratio of pectinase, cellulase and hemicellulase, the pH and the temperature, which influenced the hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB). The optimum condition obtained from orthogonal test was applied to hydrolyze SSB pretreated by laccase or autoclaving. The results showed that the best condition for hydrolyzing samples within 72h was L/S=11:1, pH3.6, 30°C, pectinase:cellulase:hemicellulase=1:1:2, from which the hydrolyzing efficiency obtained was higher than solo cellulase, and enzymatic hydrolyzing efficiency could be enhanced by pretreatment. After autoclaving, SSB soaked in different solutions led to different yield of glucose. When KMnO<inf>4</inf> was added into solutions respectively, the yield of glucose could be improved higher. Number of references:12 Main heading:Hydrolysis Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Bagasse - Enzymes - Glucose Uncontrolled terms:Enzyme complexes - Hemicellulases - Laccases - Optimum conditions - Orthogonal test - Pectinases - Pre-Treatment - Sweet sorghum Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.029 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 13> Accession number:20112714124128Title:Root mechanical characteristics of different tree species Authors:Lü, Chunjuan (1); Chen, Lihua (1); Zhou, Shuo (1); Wang, Pinghua (1); Ji, Xiaodong (1); Zhang, Xinping (3) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification of Education Ministry, College of Water and Soil Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Shanxi Taigu 030801, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Chen, L. (c_lihua@bjfu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:329-335 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reveal the mechanism about root reinforcing soil, roots tensile property of five common tree species in North China, Pinus tabulaeformis, Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Quercus mongolica and Ulmus pumila, were measured by laboratory tests, Results showed that a significant power relationship existed between ultimate tensile force and root diameter for all the selected trees. The root tensile strength of Pinus tabulaeformis and Betula platyphylla decreased with diameter increasing according to a power function, but it decreased for the rest species according to a logarithmic function. During the roots stretching, the sensitivity of root to tension fluctuated within a certain range. Betula platyphylla showed the strongest sensitivity, followed by Larix gmelinii, Ulmus pumila and Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus mongolica had the lowest sensitivity on average. For the five trees species, the root stress-strain curve parameters were different with different diameters, but all of them showed the single-peak curves with elastic-plastic material characteristics. The parabolic function of third order can well reflect the basic characteristics of measured stress-strain curve. There are differences for the tensile property between different diameters and different species, but the underlying reason needs to be further investigated. Number of references:27 Main heading:Tensile strength Controlled terms:Mechanical properties - Plant extracts - Reinforcement - Soil testing - Stress-strain curves Uncontrolled terms:Elastic-plastic material - Laboratory test - Logarithmic functions - Mechanical characteristics - North China - Parabolic functions - Pinus tabulaeformis - Power functions - Quercus - Root diameters - Root tensile strength - Soil reinforcement - Tensile forces - Third order - Tree species - Trees Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 415 Metals, Plastics, Wood and Other Structural Materials DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.064 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 14> Accession number:20112714124073Title:Optimization analysis of anaerobic digestion technologies of biogas engineering in livestock and poultry farms Authors:Han, Fang (1); Lin, Cong (2) Author affiliation:(1) China Association of Rural Energy Industry, Beijing 100125, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Han, F. (hanf822@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:41-47 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to propel efficient operation of biogas engineering in livestock and poultry farms and enhance their anaerobic digestion efficiency, three biogas projects were chosed and their anaerobic digestion technology, engineering operation management and input-output efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that continuous stirred tank reactor, upflow solid reactor and plug flow reactor were suitable for energy-ecological biogas engineering which had high suspended solids and high solid content in the fermentation material; elements matching the anaerobic digestion technology were the key point in daily regulation of biogas engineering; the maximization benefit of biogas engineering could be achieved by co-production the biogas heat energy, electricity energy and organic fertilizer with digested sludge and slurry;and the use of solar heating and the reuse of digested slurry into anaerobic digestion may save energy and reduce engineering operation costs. Number of references:10 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Energy efficiency - Engineering - Fertilizers - Heating - Solar energy - Technology Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic digestion technology - Co-production - Continuous stirred tank reactor - Digestion efficiency - Engineering operation - Heat energy - High solid content - Input-output - Keypoints - Optimization analysis - Organic fertilizers - Plug flow reactor - Poultry farms - Save energy - Solid reactors - Suspended solids Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901 Engineering Profession - 643.1 Space Heating - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 615.2 Solar Power DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.009 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 15> Accession number:20112714124080Title:Effect of different factors on the performance of rice straw in two-phase anaerobic digestion Authors:Zhu, Jin (1); Ye, Xiaomei (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1); Xu, Zhi (1); Du, Jing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Research Center, Nanjing 210014, China Corresponding author:Chang, Z. (czhizhou@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:79-85 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Two-phase anaerobic digestion is one of the most important techniques for organic solid waste treatment. A series of experiments were carried out to determin the effect of innoculum, PH, aeration on the performance of rice straw in two-phase digestion and the biogas production of rice straw between single-phas and two-phase digestion was compared in this paper. The results showed that compared to single-phase system, the average methane content was improved from 50% to 66% in two-phase system, while it has no significant difference on the biogas production of rice straw under the laboratory conditions of 35°C and total solids (TS) content of 8%; Coprinus comatus and anaerobic sludge inoculation could increased the rate of hydrolysis of rice straw, the hemicellulose and cellulose degradations were increased by 2.11 times and 8.92 times respectively, compared to the normal treatment; Intermittent aeration resulted in falling of biogas production, and it had no effect on phase separation; adjusting pH value to 6.0 could effectively inhibit the biogas production in the hydrolysis phase, the ratio of biogas production in hydrolysis phase was reduced from 79.52% to 18.88%, while the ratio of biogas production in methanogenic reactor was increased from 20.48% to 81.12%. The study can provide references for the technology of two-phase anaerobic digestion. Number of references:22 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Biogas - Cellulose - Hydrolysis - Methanation - Methane - Phase separation - Solid wastes - Straw Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic sludge - Biogas production - Cellulose degradation - Inoculum - Intermittent aeration - Laboratory conditions - Methane content - Methanogenic reactor - Organic solid waste treatment - pH value - Rice straws - Single-phase systems - Total solids - Two phase anaerobic digestion - Two phase systems Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.016 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 16> Accession number:20112714124083Title:Effects of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion of food waste at room temperature Authors:Guo, Yanfeng (1); Kong, Xiaoying (1); Liu, Wanyu (1); Li, Dong (1); Wang, Dehan (3); Yuan, Zhenhong (1); Sun, Yongming (1) Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Sun, Y. (sunym@ms.giec.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:96-100 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate the characteristics of anaerobic digestion for food waste at the different organic load rate(OLR), a pilot scale (40 L) experiment based on anaerobic digestions of food waste was carried out in a fed-batch single phase reactor with increasing organic loading rate at normal temperature(27°C). When the organic loading rate was controlled between 3.89 kg/(m<sup>3</sup>·d) and 6.49 kg/(m<sup>3</sup>·d), the gas production rate was between 2.5 L/(L·d) and 4.5 L/(L·d), methane yields ranged from 300.59 L/kgVS to 488.52 L/kgVS, where average methane contents were between 54.05% and 56.04%, the VS removal rate was 55.12%-89.58%. The experimental results showed that during the anaerobic digestion of food waste at normal temperature, high methane yields and stable methanogenic process with controlling OLR between 3.89 kg/(m<sup>3</sup>·d) and 6.49 kg/(m<sup>3</sup>·d) can be obtained. Number of references:20 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Loading - Methanation - Methane - Waste utilization Uncontrolled terms:Fed batches - Food waste - Gas productions - Methane content - Methane Yield - Organic load rates - Organic loading rates - Pilot scale - Removal rate - Room temperature - Single phase Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 522 Gas Fuels - 672 Naval Vessels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.019 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 17> Accession number:20112714124104Title:Environmental effect and treatment measures of straw anaerobic fermentation project Authors:Li, Gang (1); Yue, Jianzhi (1); Guo, Qianhui (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China Corresponding author:Li, G. (energy789@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:200-204 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Harmful gas released from the fermented slurry during storage, water pollution caused by the fermented slurry discharged directly, heavy metal enrichment and groundwater pollution caused by overuse fermented slurry as fertilizer for a long time were the adverse effect of straw anaerobic fermentation project on the environment. Improving the fermented slurry tank to reduce and adsorb the harmful gas, constructing the equipment to decontaminate the excrescent fermented slurry, appyling fermented slurry as fertilizer with scientific guidance, and developing the new production from fermented slurry were important ways to avoid the adverse effect and promote straw anaerobic fermentation project evolution. Number of references:34 Main heading:Chemicals removal (water treatment) Controlled terms:Biogas - Environmental impact - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Heavy metals - Heavy water - Pollution Uncontrolled terms:Adverse effect - Anaerobic fermentation - Metal enrichment - New production - Pathway - Treatment measures Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 522 Gas Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.0x.040 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 18> Accession number:20112714124137Title:Air impingement drying characteristics and drying model of Hami melon flake Authors:Zhang, Qian (1); Xiao, Hongwei (1); Dai, Jianwu (1); Yang, Xuhai (2); Bai, Junwen (1); Lou, Zheng (1); Gao, Zhenjiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Shihezi University, Shihezi 832001, China Corresponding author:Gao, Z. (zjgao@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:382-388 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this paper air impingement drying technology was applied to drying Hami melon to improve the drying quality and decrease the drying time. The drying curves, moisture effective diffusivity and the activation energy of Hami melon drying were investigated under different drying temperatures (60, 65, 70, 75 and 80°C) and air velocities (5, 10, 15 and 20 m/s). The mathematical model of air impingement drying Hami melon flake was obtained. The Fick's second law of diffusion was used to calculate the moisture effective diffusivity, which increased from 2.38 × 10<sup>-9</sup> to 4.55 × 10<sup>-9</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s with increasing the drying temperature and air velocity. The activation energy was 29.44 kJ/mol, which was determined from Arrhenius equation. According to the statistical parameters as the correlation coefficient(R<sup>2</sup>), root mean square error(RMSE) and <sup>2</sup>, the modified Page model was best for predicting the moisture ratio change kinetics of Hami melon flakes during its drying process. The research can provide technical basis for industrial drying of Hami melon by air impingement drying technology. Number of references:20 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Activation energy - Diffusion - Food technology - Industrial research - Mathematical models - Moisture Uncontrolled terms:Air velocities - Arrhenius equation - Correlation coefficient - Drying characteristics - Drying curves - Drying model - Drying process - Drying quality - Drying technology - Drying temperature - Drying time - Effective diffusivities - Fick's second law - Hami melon - Moisture ratios - Page models - Root mean square errors - Statistical parameters Classification code:931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 822 Food Technology - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 642.1 Process Heating DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.073 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 19> Accession number:20112714124107Title:Recent advances in lignocellulosic ethanol Authors:Zhan, Hanhui (1); Huang, Lilin (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (2) Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China Corresponding author:Zhan, H. (zhanhhh@263.net) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:218-222 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Ethanol production from lignocellulosic material has a great potential for wide application. This review article summarized the lignocellulosic ethanol processes such as pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentative. Moreover, the efficiency of pretreatment methods and xylose fermentation were discussed. Besides, the recent progress of lignocellulosic ethanol, such as fermentative strains, genetic engineering, fermentative processes (e.g. SHF and CBP) and the integration of fermentation and separation were described. Finally, some suggestions for future works with the development of lignocellulosic ethanol were proposed. Number of references:36 Main heading:Ethanol Controlled terms:Fermentation - Genetic engineering Uncontrolled terms:Bio-energy - Ethanol production - Fermentative process - Lignocellulosic ethanol - Lignocellulosic material - Pre-Treatment - Pretreatment methods - Recent progress - Xylose fermentation Classification code:461.8 Biotechnology - 461.8.1 Genetic Engineering - 523 Liquid Fuels DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.043 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 20> Accession number:20112714124088Title:Gasification characteristics of three herb residues Authors:Guo, Feiqiang (1); Dong, Yuping (1); Dong, Lei (2); Jing, Yuanzhuo (2) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; (2) Shandong Baichuan Tongchuang Energy Company Ltd, Jinan 250101, China Corresponding author:Dong, Y. (dongyp@sdu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:125-128 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:By adapting gasification method, this paper conducts a gasification test on three kinds of herb residues, including Qiju Dihuang Wan, Liuwei Dihuang Wan, Xiangsha Yangwei Wan, of which the water contents were about 25 percent. Compared with corn stalk, the results showed that when the excess air coefficient was 1.1, all of the above three kinds of herb residues showed good gasification characters, with the calorific values above 5300 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>. The calorific value of Xiangsha Yangwei Wan residue was 5460 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>. Compared with corn stalk, herb residues produced more tar during the gasification process. When the excess air coefficient was 1.1, the tar content of the three herb residues was about 1000 mg/m<sup>3</sup> and it kept decreasing with the increase of excess air coefficient. This experiment proves that these three kinds of herb residues have good gasification characters, providing a new method to the resource recovery of herb residues. Number of references:17 Main heading:Gasification Controlled terms:Calorific value - Experiments - Pyrolysis - Tar Uncontrolled terms:Corn stalk - Excess air coefficient - Gasification characteristics - Gasification process - Herb residues - Resource recovery Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 513 Petroleum Refining - 411 Bituminous Materials DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.024 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 21> Accession number:20112714124084Title:Effect of microalgae culture on treatment of wastewater from anaerobic digested swine manure Authors:Li, Yan (1); Zhou, Wenguang (1); Zhang, Xiaodong (1); Sun, Li (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Biomass Gasification Technology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China; (2) Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China Corresponding author:Li, Y. (liyan8297@21cn.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:101-104 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce the environmental pollutions of wastewater (biogas slurry) from anaerobic digested swine manure, the effects of microalgae culture on the treatment of biogas slurry were investigated. Two different ways as sterilization and non-sterilization were adopted to the pretreatment of biogas slurry. The algal growth status after inoculations and the decreases of main water quality indicators such as COD, NH<inf>3</inf>-N, TN and TP were determined. The results showed that there were significant drops in all indicators, of which the two most important ones of COD and NH<inf>3</inf>-N decreased by 85% and 55%, respectively. Therefore it is concluded that cultivation of microalgae using biogas slurry can effectively remove wastewater pollutants, and can also obtain commercially valuable microalgae cells. Number of references:11 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Algae - Biogas - Cell culture - Manures - Microorganisms - Pollution - Sterilization (cleaning) - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment - Water quality Uncontrolled terms:Algal growth - Biogas slurry - COD - Environmental pollutions - Micro-algae - Microalgae culture - Pretreatment of biogas - Swine manure - Wastewater pollutants - Water quality indicators Classification code:822.2 Food Processing Operations - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 522 Gas Fuels - 461.9 Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452.3 Industrial Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.020 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 22> Accession number:20112714124113Title:Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass amount and soil enzymes activity of desert grassland in Xinjiang Authors:Guo, Yongsheng (1); Li, Luhua (1); Wei, Changzhou (1); Chu, Guixin (1); Dong, Peng (1); Li, Junhua (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Construction Crops/College of Agricture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China Corresponding author:Li, J. (ljh630703@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:249-256 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to understand the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass amount and soil enzymes activity of desert grassland, field experiments about nitrogen(N) fertilization on three different precipitation desert grasslands were carried out in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. Grass biomass amount and soil enzyme activity of urease, proteasse, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase were explored. Results showed that grass biomass amount and soil enzyme activities of treatments with the application of N fertilizer increased. The grass biomass amount increased by 21.8%-78%, 21.7%-39.3% and 26.3%-31.4% in higher, middle and lower precipitation areas, respectively. Soil enzyme activities of urease, proteasse, invertase and alkaline phosphatase with the application of N treatments increased at the beginning then decreased with days after the fertilizer applied, but polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities increased. Polyphenol oxidase activities increased at the beginning and then decreased with soil depth increasing, while other 5 enzyme activities decreased. Soil enzyme activities of urease, proteasse, invertase and alkaline phosphatase decreased with the decrease of precipitation, but polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities were maximum in middle precipitation area. Number of references:27 Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers Controlled terms:Biomass - Catalysts - Enzyme activity - Landforms - Nitrogen - Phosphatases - Soils Uncontrolled terms:ALkaline phosphatase - Catalase activity - Desert grassland - Field experiment - Grass biomass - N fertilizers - Polyphenol oxidase - Precipitation areas - Soil depth - Soil enzyme activity - Soil enzymes activity - Xinjiang Classification code:461.9 Biology - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 804 Chemical Products Generally DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.049 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 23> Accession number:20112714124072Title:Fast pyrolysis of algae biomass in by fluidized-bed Authors:Wang, Na (1); Chen, Guanyi (1); Li, Junfei (2); Yan, Beibei (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental Science and Technology/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (2) China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Company of Limited Liability Metro Design and Research Inst., Chengdu 610031, China Corresponding author:Chen, G. (chen@tju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:37-40 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To achieve comprehensive utilization algae biomass, pyrolysis process and fast pyrolysis experiment of sargassum, a kind of algae biomass, were performed in thermogravimetric analyzer and self-designed fluidized bed reactor, respectively. The thermogravimetric experiments results showed that pyrolysis process consisted of three stages: pre-pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis. Because of the difference of thermal stability between polysaccharide and protein, two weight loss peaks were observed in the stage of fast pyrolysis. 450, 500, 550 and 600°C were adopted in the fast pyrolysis experiments. The influence of reaction temperature on the collection rate of pyrolysis production was specially investigated. The results showed that char yield decreased steadily with rising of temperature, which was opposite to the gas product yield. The yield of bio-oil increased to a maximum value and then went down as temperature increased. The highest liquid yield of 30.5% was achieved at 500°C. Number of references:15 Main heading:Pyrolysis Controlled terms:Algae - Biomass - Chemical reactors - Experiments - Fluid catalytic cracking - Fluidization - Fluidized bed process - Fluidized beds Uncontrolled terms:Bio oil - Char yield - Fast pyrolysis - Fluidized bed reactors - Gas product - Liquid yield - Maximum values - Pyrolysis process - Reaction temperature - Sargassum - Slow pyrolysis - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Thermogravimetric experiments - Three stages - Weight loss Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.008 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 24> Accession number:20112714124069Title:Mechanism of surface morphology of biomass pellet Authors:Huo, Lili (1); Tian, Yishui (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1) Author affiliation:(1) The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) The College of Engineer, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Meng, H. (newmhb7209@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:21-25 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Raw material and kibbling material and biomass pellet were observed by microscopy in order to study the surface morphology mechanism in this paper. The biomass pellets which the raw material were corn straw and sawdust were densified by pellet mill, and the combination style of micro morphology and particles of different raw material and material at diverse stages was studied. The results showed that pellet mill was intermittent compression during production process, and surface morphology mechanism of biomass pellet was layered compressed where the layer spacing was from 25 to 40 μm. The pellet was divided into three layers from the cross section, including the center layer particles as "flat" and the transition layer particles as deformed, and the surface particles as "vertical." Compared to sawdust pellets, the particle density of corn straw pellets was smaller under the same extrusion pressure. So this study will provide important theory basis to design the biomass molding equipment. Number of references:11 Main heading:Surface morphology Controlled terms:Biomass - Materials - Morphology - Ore pellets - Pelletizing - Surfaces Uncontrolled terms:Biomass pellets - Corn straws - Cross section - Densified mechanisms - Extrusion pressure - Layer spacings - Micromorphologies - Molding equipment - Particle densities - Pellet - Production process - Surface particles - Three-layer - Transition layers Classification code:525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 951 Materials Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.005 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 25> Accession number:20112714124110Title:Risk analysis on construction of agricultural water conservancy projects Authors:Wei, Minghua (1); Lu, Shibao (2); Zheng, Zhihong (1) Author affiliation:(1) North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; (2) Shenzhen Government Investment Project Evaluation Center, Shenzhen 518036, China Corresponding author:Lu, S. (lu5111284@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:233-237 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Project of agricultural water conservancy construction is an open and complex system with huge investment, long construction period, complex internal structure and many participants, and which is restrained by time, resources, environment, and so on. The paper aimed to establish a 3-layer structure system of the risks of agricultural water conservancy construction by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process and analyze risks of the construction of a water conservancy project by using Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that the main risks of the project are the deformation and leakage of the dam, leakage and penetration objects of the dam foundation. Therefore, for the agricultural water conservancy projects that are mainly used for social and ecological benefits, more strategies should be applied to avoid dam leakage and deformation of engineering so as to reduce the risks of the project. Number of references:15 Main heading:Risk assessment Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Computer simulation - Dams - Deformation - Hierarchical systems - Monte Carlo methods - Risk analysis - Water resources Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water - Analytical Hierarchy Process - Construction period - Dam foundation - Ecological benefits - Internal structure - Monte Carlo Simulation - Structure systems - Water conservancy projects Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 914 Safety Engineering - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 961 Systems Science - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 444 Water Resources - 441.1 Dams - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 723.5 Computer Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.046 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 26> Accession number:20112714124134Title:3D image monitoring and modeling for corn plants growth in field condition Authors:Chen, Bingqi (1); He, Chun (1); Ma, Yanping (2); Bai, Youlu (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Resources, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Corresponding author:Chen, B. (cbq93@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:366-372 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Some growth parameters of corn plants were measured in field based on binocular stereovision technology, and a 3D structure model of corn plants was established. The average height of corn plants measured in previous period was established as the base plane of measure area, which binarized by Ostu method. The measure region was divided into grids. The plant area and the average color were measured by matching these grids on left and right visions. The point cloud consisted of grid's core was established by the 3D reconstructing of these grids. The average height of corn plant was calculated by using the point cloud, and validated by measuring the labeled pole. The 3D structure model of corn plant was established with above data by OpenGL. This study established a base work to real time measure the plant value without scathe, and to model the 3D plant more accurately. Number of references:15 Main heading:Three dimensional Controlled terms:Binoculars - Color matching - Monitoring - Plants (botany) - Splines - Stereo vision Uncontrolled terms:3-D image - 3D reconstruction - 3D Structure - Average height - Base plane - Binocular stereovision - Corn plant - Growth parameters - In-field - NURBS surface - Ostu method - Point cloud - Real time measure Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 801 Chemistry - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 741.2 Vision - 601.2 Machine Components - 461.9 Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.070 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 27> Accession number:20112714124090Title:Trasformation of waste oil to biodiesel using Biopro equipments Authors:Guo, Pingmei (1); Huang, Fenghong (1); Huang, Qingde (1); Zheng, Mingming (1); Zheng, Chang (2) Author affiliation:(1) Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (2) Hubei Research Center of Energy Oil Crops and Bio-Diesel, Wuhan 430062, China Corresponding author:Guo, P. (pmguo06@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:133-137 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to develop biodiesle technology and equipment for Chinese waste oil, biodiesel production conditions based on the four typical Chinese waste oils and Biopro 380 equipment from United States (US) were studied systematically. The results showed that under the optimum esterification conditions of methanol reflux temperature, reaction time 2.5 h, concentrated sulfuric acid 0.5%, methanol/free fatty acid (FFA) molar ratio 2.7:1, the acid value of esterification mixture was decreased to 1-2 mg/g. Under the optimum transesterification conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio 6:1, the catalyst (NaOH) amount 1.0%, reaction time 60 min, the transesterification efficiency was the best. The verification tests results in the Biopro 380 equipment under the above reaction conditions showed that most of the resultant waste oil biodiesel parameters complied with the limits established by China specifications for biodiesel (GB/T 20828-2007). Number of references:18 Main heading:Biodiesel Controlled terms:Equipment - Esterification - Esters - Fatty acids - Methanol - Sulfuric acid - Transesterification Uncontrolled terms:Acid value - Biodiesel production - Molar ratio - Reaction conditions - Reflux temperature - Verification tests - Waste oil Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901 Engineering Profession DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.026 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 28> Accession number:20112714124066Title:Carbon emission accounting from rural energy consumption in China Authors:Wang, Changbo (1); Zhang, Lixiao (1); Li, Guangsheng (2) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (2) Binnan Oil Recovery Factory of Shengli Branch of Sinopec Group, Binzhou 256600, China Corresponding author:Zhang, L. (zhanglixiao@bnu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:6-11 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Rural energy related carbon emissions have not been considered sufficiently so far. Based on the interpretation of relationship between rural energy system and the national energy system, the carbon emission associated with rural energy consumption was calculated and analyzed with regard to their historical variances of total amount, structure and proportion of national energy related emission. The results showed that the CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in rural China have constantly increased from 8.89(10<sup>8</sup> tons in 1979 to 28.74(10<sup>8</sup> tons in 2007. Commercial energy has become the dominant force of CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in rural China, most of which is mainly derived from the consumption of coal and electricity. The proportion of carbon emissions from rural areas to nationwide has maintained a great high proportion from 40%-60%, declined since 2002 but still up to 40.99% in 2007. Even though the carbon emission from biomass consumption was excluded, the proportion was still 25%-48%, and underwent an inverted U-curve trend, with a peak at 47.40% in 2000. Therefore, measures of energy-saving and emission-reduction in rural areas should be incorporated into the overall national strategy and the carbon contribution of rural energy should not be ignored. Number of references:31 Main heading:Rural areas Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Energy utilization Uncontrolled terms:Biomass consumption - Carbon emissions - Commercial energy - Energy systems - Energy-related emissions - National strategies - Rural energy Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.002 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 29> Accession number:20112714124139Title:Process optimization of extraction and separation of water-soluble crude polysaccharide in yacon Authors:Zhu, Zhenyuan (1); Lian, Hongyu (1); Chen, Jing (1); Ding, Lina (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China Corresponding author:Zhu, Z. (zhyuanzhu@tust.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:397-401 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The optimum conditions for the extraction and separation of crude polysaccharide from yacon were studied in the paper. The crude polysaccharide was extracted by water. With extraction temperature, the ratio of material to solvent, extraction time, different concentrations of ethanol as influence factors, on the basis of single factor test, the orthogonal test was taken to study the optimum extraction and separation process of crude polysaccharide from yacon. Among the four single factors, extraction temperature had the greatest impact on the experimental results, followed by different concentrations of ethanol, the ratio of material to solvent, and the extraction time. The better conditions for the extraction and separation of crude polysaccharide from yacon were that the extraction temperature was 90°C, the final concentration of ethanol was 80%(v/v), the ratio of material to solvent was 1:20 g/L, and the extraction time was 2 h. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was 5.11%, and polysaccharide content of crude polysaccharide was 46.2%. Number of references:15 Main heading:Solvent extraction Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Ethanol - Optimization - Organic solvents - Solvents Uncontrolled terms:Crude polysaccharides - Extraction rate - Extraction temperatures - Extraction time - Influence factors - Optimum conditions - Orthogonal test - Polysaccharide contents - Separation process - Water-soluble crude - Yacon Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.075 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 30> Accession number:20112714124141Title:Improvement of fiber palatability of bean curd residue mixed with apple marc by solid state fermentation Authors:Luo, Yongquan (1); Zhang, Hong (1); Xu, Yang (1); Huang, Zhibing (1); Chu, Jinshen (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China Corresponding author:Zhang, H. (zhang.h07@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:407-412 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the dietary fiber palatability of fermented bean curd residue, some amount of the apple marc in which the sugar was utilized for improving the efficiency of fermentation was mixed with the bean curd residue fermented by inoculating Saccharomyces cerevisiaewas, and the solid state fermentation conditions were optimized. The more appropriate fermentation condition optimized by single factor and the orthogonal test method was adopted with the condition of substrate pH 8, the fermentation temperature 22°C, the bean curd residue and apple marc quanlity ratio 2:1, inoculum 8% and fermentation time 48 h. Under the optimized fermentation condition, the crude fiber mass fraction in the mixture of bean curd residue and the apple marc decreased from 107.8 mg/g before the fermentation to 64.2 mg/g after the fermentation, and the degeneration rate of crude fiber was 40.45%. The solid state fermentation by adding the apple marc can enormously improve the palatability of bean curd residue, which can be widely used as raw material of health foods. Number of references:17 Main heading:Fermentation Controlled terms:Fibers - Fruits - Optimization - Solid state reactions - Sugars - Yeast Uncontrolled terms:Crude fibers - Dietary fibers - Fermentation temperature - Health foods - Mass fraction - Orthogonal test method - Saccharomyces - Solid-state fermentation Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.077 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 31> Accession number:20112714124118Title:End-loss and compensation of linear fresnel collectors Authors:Pu, Shaoxuan (1); Xia, Chaofeng (2) Author affiliation:(1) Collage of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China Corresponding author:Pu, S. (sxpu2004@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:282-285 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The end-effect of a linear Fresnel collector is very important to its optical performance. Based on a north-south mirror field, the equation for estimating the end losses was derived from analyzing the angle between incident sunlight and the tacking axis of a reflecting mirror. For latitude of 25°01'N, as an example, variations of the end losses on monthly average days, solstices and equinoxes were calculated and plotted as a function of the mirror-receiver distances, horizontal distances from the mirror to the receiver and solar time. The calculated results were verified by ray-tracing simulation and the end-effect compensation was discussed. The theory and results of this study are of actual significant on how to reduce end losses of linear Fresnel collectors. Number of references:12 Main heading:Mirrors Uncontrolled terms:End effects - End loss - Fresnel - Mirror field - Optical performance - Ray tracing simulation - Reflecting mirrors - Solar thermal collector - Solar time Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.054 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 32> Accession number:20112714124098Title:Reliability evaluation index of distribution system based on entropy-weight TOPSIS method Authors:Cui, Herui (1); Liang, Lihua (1); Wang, Lihong (2) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (2) North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100120, China Corresponding author:Cui, H. (cuiherui1967@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:172-175 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Distribution network of power system reliability is an integral part of the reliability of the three power system reliability, as opposed to the study of power generation and transmission system reliability, it has always been weak, especially the complex distribution network reliability. The paper started with the analysis of the mechanism of distribution network reliability by choosing proper index, introduced entropy weight of the TOPSIS method to the reliability assessment, established the application model on a distribution network. The results obtained can help for decision-making of the distribution network reliability of power system. Number of references:13 Main heading:Reliability analysis Controlled terms:Decision making - Electric power transmission - Entropy - Power transmission Uncontrolled terms:Application models - Distribution network - Distribution systems - Entropy weight - Entropy weights - Evaluation index - Integral part - Power generation and transmission - Power system reliability - Reliability assessments - Reliability Evaluation - TOPSIS - TOPSIS method Classification code:602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 912.2 Management - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.034 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 33> Accession number:20112714124116Title:Design of highly efficient solar van drying room Authors:Liu, Yu (1); Wang, Hai (1); Zhang, Huiyuan (1); Guo, Xuexia (1); Su, Haiquan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Produce Processing, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Wang, H. (wanghai948@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:272-276 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To solve the low dry efficiency and bad product quality of traditional drying way, using solar energy as heat, according to the drying character and hot air drying mechanism of agricultural product, a highly active production configuration solar energy van drying room was designed and made. This new solar energy drying room has van structure, force-nature air ventilation technology and reentry double heat transfer technology. Study results showed that solar drying room in the daily maximum temperature was 12.5°C, the daily average temperature was 6.6°C, its internal temperature was uniform, grape drying time reduced to 20 d, the rate of green-class products increased 48.43% more than traditional methods. The new solar energy drying room can be used in fruit and vegetable, Chinese crude drug and other agricultural product drying fields. Number of references:16 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Fruits - Solar dryers - Solar energy - Solar radiation Uncontrolled terms:Air ventilation - Average temperature - Chinese crude drugs - Fruit and vegetables - Grape drying - Hot air drying - Internal temperature - Maximum temperature - Product quality - Solar drying Classification code:642.1 Process Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.052 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 34> Accession number:20112714124068Title:Fuel cost analysis of biomass power generation Authors:Wang, Aijun (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Zhang, Xiaotao (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electric Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China Corresponding author:Wang, A. (wangaijun@ncwu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:17-20 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to analyze the biomass power generation cost, several main ways of biomass power generation, such as biomass direct combustion, co-combustion and biomass gasification combined cycle, were discussed. The fuel consumption mass flow calculation models and fuel cost models were established. Based on the same power generation capacity (15 MW), annual fuel consumption mass flow, biomass purchase price, transportation price and fuel cost were calculated. The results show that power generation efficiency has greater influence on fuel cost and biomass direct power generation fuel cost is 2 times of the others. Number of references:11 Main heading:Cost benefit analysis Controlled terms:Biomass - Combustion - Cost accounting - Costs - Fuels - Gasification - Mass transfer - Mass transportation - Steel metallurgy Uncontrolled terms:Biomass Gasification - Calculation model - Cocombustion - Combined cycle - Direct combustion - Fuel cost - Fuel cost analysis - Fuel price - Generation capacity - Mass flow - Power generation efficiency - Purchase price Classification code:911.1 Cost Accounting - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 545.3 Steel - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 431.2 Passenger Air Transportation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.004 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 35> Accession number:20112714124100Title:Isolation and electricity-producing characteristics of strain Dysgonomonas mossii Authors:Li, Ying (1); Sun, Yongming (1); Kong, Xiaoying (1); Li, Lianhua (1); Yang, Gaixiu (1); Yuan, Zhenhong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China Corresponding author:Sun, Y. (sunym@ms.giec.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:181-184 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to obtain an electrochemically active bacterium and research its electricity-producing performance, strain LY-2 was isolated from microbial fuel cell. According to its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of 16S rDNA, it shared the highest similarity to Dysgonomonas mossii and was identified as Dysgonomonas mossii LY-2. Results of cyclic voltammetry experiment showed that strain LY-2 was electrochemically active bacterium. The preliminary current generation experiment showed that LY-2 could use beef extract for electricity production. When beef extract was used as a fuel, MFC had the highest voltage (0.61 V) and power density (104.3 mW/m<sup>2</sup>). Based on these results, strain LY-2 seems to promise on research and application in MFC. Number of references:22 Main heading:Power quality Controlled terms:Bacteria - Cyclic voltammetry - Electricity - Experiments - Fuel cells - Microbial fuel cells Uncontrolled terms:16s rDNA - Beef extracts - Biochemical characteristics - Current generation - Electricity production - Electrochemically active - Electrochemically active bacteria - Phylogenetic analysis - Phylogenetic trees - Power densities - Research and application Classification code:461.9 Biology - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 702.2 Fuel Cells - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 901.3 Engineering Research - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.036 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 36> Accession number:20112714124091Title:Assessment of three Armeniaca species seed oils for biodiesel traits Authors:Wang, Libing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Corresponding author:Wang, L. (wlibing@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:138-142 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Rate of almond, oil content of almond, oil content of kernel, fatty acid composition and biodiesel traits analyses of almond oils were performed for 27 superior trees representing three widely distributed Armeniaca species in China. The oil contents of the kernels of Armeniaca sibirica (Linn.) Lam., Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.) Skv. and Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu (Maxim.) Yu¨ et Lu were 50.18%, 47.16% and 53.20%, respectively. However, A. sibirica oil content of kernel was comparably higher, i.e., 21.14%. A. sibirica superior tree AS-80 has been identified as the ideal biodiesel germplasm resource while A. sibirica superior trees AS-17 and AS-27 and A. vulgaris var.ansu superior trees AV-45, AV-48 and AV-62 were found to be the most promising and potential biodiesel germplasm resources. The establishment of promising genotypes plantations through clonal means can result in increased productivity. Number of references:24 Main heading:Biodiesel Controlled terms:Conservation - Fatty acids - Plant extracts Uncontrolled terms:Almond oil - Armeniaca - Fatty acid composition - Germplasms - Increased productivity - Oil contents - Species seeds - Superior trees - Vulgaris Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 523 Liquid Fuels - 804.1 Organic Compounds DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.027 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 37> Accession number:20112714124138Title:Technology of ultrasonic-assisted extracting active substance from cassava peel Authors:Chen, Xiaoming (1); Li, Kaimian (3); Tai, Jianxiang (2); Ye, Jianqiu (3); Lu, Xiaojing (3); Lü, Feijie (2) Author affiliation:(1) The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) The Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (3) Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Inst. of Chinese Acad. of Tropical Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan 571737, China Corresponding author:Lü, F. (lvfeijie@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:389-396 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this paper, anticholinesterase activity of cassava peel was researched in vitro internationally, including the activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibitor and butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE) inhibitor. The optimal technological condition of anticholinesterase activity ethanol extraction from cassava peels by ultrasonic was determined by the single factor experiment and Box-Behnken Design test. The results indicate that the optimal extraction conditions are as follows: ethanol concentration 95%, ultrasonic power 550 W, ultrasonic extraction time 90min, ultrasonic extraction temperature 60°C, liquid/solid ratio 12 mL/g. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the average yield of avtive extraction was 8.97%, and the obtained extraction had 54.62% AChE inhibition rate and 45.7% BuChE inhibition rate at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. The effect sequence of four main factors for the yield are as follows: ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, extraction time, liquid/solid ratio. Compared with traditional solvent extraction, ultrasonic extraction had obvious advantages including the higher yield, faster extraction speed, good extraction activity, less solvent. Number of references:15 Main heading:Ultrasonics Controlled terms:Ethanol - Optimization - Solvent extraction - Solvents - Sonochemistry Uncontrolled terms:Acetylcholinesterase - Butyrylcholinesterase - Cassava peel - Inhibitor - Response Surface Methodology Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 753 Ultrasonics and Applications - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.074 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 38> Accession number:20112714124127Title:Development of soil bin test dynamic parameters measurement system Authors:Yu, Yan (1); Gong, Linong (2); Shang, Shuqi (2) Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China; (2) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Corresponding author:Shang, S. (sqingnong@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:323-328 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the accuracy, efficiency and conveniency of the soil bin for test research of agricultural machinery, a new soil bin dynamic parameters measurement system was developed. The five-bar force measurement device was introduced to the system, which was consisted of pull-pressure sensor, angle sensor and three-point suspension and the test platform was carried out based on LABVIEW to realize real time measurement of forward speed, power take-off shaft speed and torque, output power, the frontal resistance of test object etc. Practical application demonstrated that the test system can work reliably and can improve working efficiency considerably. Number of references:22 Main heading:Soil testing Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Measurements - Power takeoffs - Sensors - Soils Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization testing - Angle sensors - Dynamic parameters - Five-bar dynamometer - Forward speed - LabViEW - Measurement device - Measurement system - Output power - PXI - Real time measurements - Shaft speed - Soil-bin - Test object - Test platforms - Test research - Test systems - Working efficiency Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.063 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 39> Accession number:20112714124095Title:Quality characteristics of bamboo charcoal briquette based on corn and cassava starch adhesive Authors:Qian, Xiangqun (1); Chen, Tengjiao (1); Sheng, Kuichuan (1); Shen, Yingying (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Corresponding author:Sheng, K. (kcsheng@zju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:157-161 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to prepare bio-char briquette with easier storage and transportation and better combustion performances, both modified corn and cassava starch adhesives were employed and the effects of adhesive contents on the compression resistance, shatter resistance, calorific value, and ash content of bamboo charcoal briquettes were investigated. Results showed that the compression resistance and shatter resistance were significantly improved with starch adhesive content in the range of 10%-30%. However, the influence of adhesive content on the calorific value and ash content was not obvious. The compression resistance and shatter resistance of cassava starch based briquette were larger than that based on corn starch under the same adhesive ratio. Bio-char briquette with optimal performances was obtained using 25% cassava starch adhesives. Number of references:16 Main heading:Starch Controlled terms:Adhesives - Agricultural wastes - Bamboo - Briquets - Briquetting - Calorific value - Charcoal - Waste incineration Uncontrolled terms:Ash contents - Bamboo charcoal - Briquette - Cassava starch - Combustion performance - Compression resistance - Corn starch - Optimal performance - Quality characteristic - Quality characteristics - Starch adhesive - Starch adhesives Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 524 Solid Fuels - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 818.5 Rubber Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.031 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 40> Accession number:20112714124105Title:Development and improvement of household updraft biomass gasifier Authors:Li, Bin (1); Chen, Hanping (1); Yang, Haiping (1); Wang, Xianhua (1); Zhang, Shihong (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China Corresponding author:Chen, H. (hp.chen@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:205-209 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:With advantage of simple configuration, flexible use, easy operation and low cost, household updraft biomass gasifier appears a wide application prospect in wide rural areas in China. However, there are still many technical problems need to be solved in the actual application currently, such as poor material adaptability, lower heating value of product gas, high content of tar and moisture and instability of gasification reaction, etc. In this paper, the working principle of updraft gasifier was briefly introduced firstly, and then the research and application status of household updraft gasifier in China was summarized, the existing problems and the reasons were analyzed comprehensively. Finally, some feasible solutions including strict raw material specification, structure and operation condition optimization of the gasifier, tar removal device addition and gasification mechanism innovation were also put forward, which could provide a guidance for its further development and improvement. Number of references:36 Main heading:Gasification Controlled terms:Biomass - Calorific value - Heating - Problem solving - Rural areas - Tar Uncontrolled terms:Application prospect - Biomass gasifier - Existing problems - Feasible solution - Further development - Gasification reaction - Gasifiers - Guides - High-content - Household - Low costs - Lower heating value - Material specification - Operation conditions - Product gas - Research and application - Status - Tar removal - Technical problem - Updraft biomass gasifier - Working principles Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 643.1 Space Heating - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 513 Petroleum Refining - 411 Bituminous Materials DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.041 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 41> Accession number:20112714124082Title:Anaerobic digestion performances of fruit and vegetable waste and kitchen waste Authors:Lü, Chen (1); Yuan, Hairong (1); Wang, Kuisheng (1); Zhu, Baoning (1); Liu, Yanping (1); Li, Xiujin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Center for Resources and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (2) Planting Industry Service Centre of Yanqing County of Beijing City, Beijing 102100, China Corresponding author:Li, X. (xjli@mail.buct.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:91-95 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Anaerobic digestion performances of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and kitchen waste (KW) were investigated with different mix ratios and organic loading rates (OLR). FVW and KW from campus restaurant were used as feedstocks. Five different mix ratios (0:8, 2:8, 5:8, 8:8 and 8:0) and three OLR(2%, 4%, and 6%(TS)) were used. The results showed that FVW and KW with 5:8 of mix ratio achieved the best performance results with 2% of OLR. The total methane yield was 600 mL/g (TS), which were 5.4% and 10% higher than 4% and 6% of OLR with the same mix ratio, respectively, and which were 4.5%-18% higher than KW with 2%-6% of OLR, and which were 7.1%-510% higher than FVW with 2%-6% of OLR. The anaerobic digestion time was less than 50 days. The peak value of daily biogas yield was 95 mL/g (TS) in the first 20 days. Cumulating propionic acid of VFA and ammonia were avoided effectively at low OLR. Propionic acid of VFA and ammonia affected the stabilities of anaerobic digestion system with increasing OLR and mix ratios of FVW. This study would provide the parameters for effective operation and optimal design of anaerobic digestion facilities of municipal organic solid waste. Number of references:16 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biogas - Digestive system - Fruits - Kitchens - Methane - Municipal solid waste - Saturated fatty acids - Vegetables - Volatile fatty acids Uncontrolled terms:Fruit and vegetable waste - Kitchen waste - Methane Yield - Optimal design - Organic loading rates - Organic solid wastes - Peak values - Propionic acids Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 522 Gas Fuels - 461.9 Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 402 Buildings and Towers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.018 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 42> Accession number:20112714124123Title:Experiment on diesel engine emissions with tea seed oil fuel Authors:Ma, Rongchao (1); Wu, Weixiong (1); Qin, Wen (2); Lei, Xiaolong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; (2) College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 62501, China Corresponding author:Ma, R. (marongcao@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:304-307 Language:English ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Vegetable energy has become the essence fuel of farming diesel engine. On the basis of burning tea seed oil in the S195-diesel engine for burning performance, exhaust experiments burning degreased tea seed oil were taken on the smoke, HC, NO<inf>x</inf>, and CO. Electronic microscope was employed to determine the microstructure of carbon particle. Results showed that it was feasible to combust the preprocessed tea seed oil, or mixture of tea seed oil with diesel oil on the diesel engine. The burning performance was good, which the exhaust was less than that of diesel oil, and the carbon accumulated on the fuel jet reduced. So the combustion was more qualified. Number of references:10 Main heading:Seed Controlled terms:Combustion - Diesel engines - Diesel fuels - Engines - Experiments - Fuels - Oils and fats Uncontrolled terms:Carbon particle - Carbon particle measurement - Combustion exhaust - Diesel engine emissions - Diesel oil - Electronic microscopes - Exhaust experiment - Fuel jet - Seed oil - Tea seed oil Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 612 Engines - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521.1 Fuel Combustion DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.059 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 43> Accession number:20112714124081Title:Degradation of rice straw without chemical pretreatment by a composite microbial system XDC-2 Authors:Wang, Hui (1); Liu, Xiaoping (4); Guo, Peng (2); Gao, Ruifang (1); Wang, Xiaofen (1); Cui, Zongjun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agriculture Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (3) National Research and Development Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Wuhan 430064, China; (4) Agricultural Bureau Plant Protecting Station, Jining 272200, China Corresponding author:Cui, Z. (acuizj@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:86-90 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The degradation of rice straw without any chemical method pretreated by a lignocellulose degradation composite microbial system XDC-2 was studied. After 6 days cultivation, exocellular xylanase activity was 335 U/mL. After 12 days, the rice straw lost 39.71% of its weight, and the weight loss of hemicellulose and cellulose were 78.27% and 14.08% respectively. The total amount of the volatile products came to a maximum in the sixth day. Four major kinds of the volatile products were determined in fermentation broth, they were acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid and glycerin, which could be utilized in industrial production. The composite microbial system XDC-2 became stable in degradation process of rice straw without any chemical method pretreated according to PCR-DGGE analysis. Accordingly, it has the potential for further development and application of composite microbial system XDC-2 due to its effective ability to degrade rice straw without any chemical pretreatment. Number of references:22 Main heading:Degradation Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Cellulose - Chemical analysis - Cultivation - Fermentation - Glycerol - Polymerase chain reaction - Straw Uncontrolled terms:Chemical method - Chemical pre-treatment - Degradation process - Fermentation broths - Further development - Industrial production - Lignocellulose degradation - Microbial system - PCR-DGGE - Propionic acids - Rice straws - Volatile products - Weight loss - Xylanase activity - Xylanases Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.017 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 44> Accession number:20112714124135Title:Analysis on performance parameters of heat pump drying system Authors:Jiang, Xiaoqiang (1); Guan, Zhiqiang (3); Xie, Jing (2); Huang, Zhongzhou (1) Author affiliation:(1) Guangdong Ocean University, Engineering College, Zhanjiang 524025, China; (2) College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (3) Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China Corresponding author:Guan, Z. (mmcgzq@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:373-376 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Taking energy efficiency and specific moisture evaporation rate(SMER) as indicators, the performance parameter of heat pump drying system was investigated in order to reduce energy consumption of aquatic product drying process. The energy efficiency of opened heat pump drying system was compared with that of the closed heat pump drying system according to drying characteristics of aquatic product and climate characteristics of subtropical region, and the SMER of closed heat pump drying system was analyzed. The results showed the energy efficiency of opened and closed heat pump systems had little difference with the energy efficiency of 2.39 and 2.52 respectively. Both evaporation temperature and condensing temperature had obvious influence on the SMER, and the former influence was more significant than the latter one. In order to improve the SMER and ensure the productivity, the condensing temperature should be dropped while the evaporation temperature should be increased. Number of references:13 Main heading:Energy efficiency Controlled terms:Drying - Energy utilization - Evaporation - Heat pump systems - Parameter estimation - Phase transitions - Pumps - Refrigerating machinery Uncontrolled terms:Aquatic products - Climate characteristics - Condensing temperature - Drying characteristics - Drying process - Evaporation temperature - Heat pump drying - Heat pumps - Moisture evaporation - Performance parameters - SMER - Subtropical regions Classification code:801.4 Physical Chemistry - 731.1 Control Systems - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 618.2 Pumps DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.071 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 45> Accession number:20112714124067Title:Comparative analysis on energy consumption of typical residence in rural areas of northern China Authors:Lai, Yanping (1); Zhang, Zhigang (1); Wei, Fan (1); Zhang, Lilu (1) Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction, Tianjin 300384, China Corresponding author:Lai, Y. (kdlaiyanping@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:12-16 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to carry out design of energy-efficient houses in rural areas, and analysis on building energy consumption in cold rural areas of northern China. The typical residence was selected in rural areas in Lanzhou, and the impacts of different forms of doors and windows, and wall materials on the building energy consumption were analyzed; 24 different typical cold areas in northern China were selected, and the typical residence design heat load, the average heat load, and cumulative heat load in heating season were calculated. The main factors affecting the energy consumption were get, and the largest energy consumption and cumulative energy consumption in cold rural areas in northern Chins were further identified, so as to provide basis for the research of energy saving structure and materials of rural residence. Number of references:15 Main heading:Energy efficiency Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Rural areas - Thermal load Uncontrolled terms:Building energy consumption - Cold area - Comparative analysis - Cumulative energy consumption - Cumulative heat - Energy efficient - Heating season - Northern China - Wall materials Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 643.1 Space Heating - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.003 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 46> Accession number:20112714124087Title:Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic modeling of rice straw with additives of Mg<sup>2 </sup> Authors:Huang, Chengjie (1); Ji, Dengxiang (1); Yu, Ping (1); Yu, Fengwen (1); Ai, Ning (1); Ji, Jianbing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Biofuel, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China Corresponding author:Yu, F. (yufw@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:118-124 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To investigate the effect of Mg<sup>2 </sup> on pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of rice straw, MgO, MgCl<inf>2</inf>, KCl, NaCl, MgCl<inf>2</inf>-KCl, MgCl<inf>2</inf>-NaCl and KCl-MgCl<inf>2</inf>-NaCl were added into rice straw in a mass ratio of 0.3 to 1, respectively. The non-isothermal pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates such as 10, 30 and 50°C/min. The results indicated that there was only a weight loss peak during the pyrolysis processes under the roles of NaCl and KCl at three heating rates. A shoulder peak was observed at all pyrolysis processes with Mg<sup>2 </sup> additives. Residual of rice straw pyrolysis with MgCl<inf>2</inf> was the minimum, it was about 11%. Salts of binary and ternary systems salts can reduce the initial release temperature of volatiles, which indicated that these salts can promote the pyrolysis of rice straw obviously. The comprehensive indexes of pyrolysis under the additives were larger than that of pure rice straw, and there was an appreciable elevation under the roles of mixed salts. In terms of the modeling results, the first step reactions were almost three-dimensional diffusion according to the Jander equation, and the second step reactions were n-order reaction (Fn). The order of activity for the three kinds of molten salts systems was as follow: ternary> binary> single. It was especially suited for the rice straw pyrolysis process under the roles of molten salts to be described with a two-step reactions model. This research can provide a scientific reference for rice straw pyrolysis in molten salts to produce bio-fuels. Number of references:20 Main heading:Pyrolysis Controlled terms:Fused salts - Heating - Heating rate - Igneous rocks - Kinetic theory - Kinetics - Sodium chloride - Ternary systems - Thermogravimetric analysis - Three dimensional Uncontrolled terms:Jander equations - Kinetic modeling - Mass ratio - Mixed salts - Modeling results - Molten salt - Nonisothermal - Pyrolysis process - Rice straws - Shoulder peaks - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Two-step reactions - Weight loss Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 931.1 Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 531.1 Metallurgy - 481.1 Geology - 643.1 Space Heating DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.023 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 47> Accession number:20112714124102Title:Review on progress of hydrogen production based on synthetic enzymatic catalysts system Authors:Yang, Peizhou (1); Jiang, Shaotong (1); Zheng, Zhi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (2) Food Science and Engineering Post-doctoral Research Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (3) Key Laboratory for Agriculture Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China Corresponding author:Jiang, S. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:189-193 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Hydrogen is a clean fuel with high combustion value. With carbohydrates and water as the substrate by joint catalysis of 13 enzymes, the products of both hydrogen and carbon dioxide were generated using the processes of cell-free synthetic enzymatic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB). In theory, twelve mols of hydrogen was produced by consumption of one mol glucose, which was triple in comparison with that by the fermentation of anaerobic microorganisms. This paper introduces the development process of SyPaB, enzymatic characteristic and steps of enzyme-catalyzed. In the end, the advantages and disadvantages of SyPaB and industrial applications are discussed. Number of references:35 Main heading:Hydrogen Controlled terms:Bioconversion - Carbohydrates - Carbon dioxide - Catalysis - Catalysts - Enzymes - Fuels - Glucose - Hydrogen production - Industrial applications Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic microorganisms - Biotransformation - Catalysts system - Cell-free - Clean fuel - Development process - Enzymatic pathways - Pentose phosphate pathway Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.038 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 48> Accession number:20112714124130Title:Progress and prospect of ecological environment impact of land consolidation Authors:Wang, Jun (1); Li, Zheng (2); Bai, Zhongke (1); Ju, Zhengshan (1); Wang, Guoru (3) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, MLR, Beijing 100035, China; (2) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Zhengzhou Management Office of Greening Project, Zhengzhou 450000, China Corresponding author:Wang, J. (wangjun@lcrc.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:340-345 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Land consolidation was officially put forward and operated in China in the late 1990s. Land consolidation has played an important role on improving land quality and increasing farmland area and land revenue in last decade. With the overall progress of land consolidation, its influence on the ecological environment is paid more attention by experts and scholars. This paper analyzed the impacts of land consolidation on soil environment, water environment, vegetation, biological resources, microclimate, landscape pattern etc, summarized the assessment index and methods of environmental impact of land consolidation. Using and absorbing the advanced concepts of foreign land consolidation and ecological protection, combined with the practice of land consolidation in China, the research trends of the impact of land consolidation on ecological environment are put forward, i.e. strengthen the research on change process of land consolidation and ecological environment; enhance the study on ecological environment effects of multi-regional and multi-scale of land consolidation, establishing the relationship of "land consolidation-ecological environment impact-time-degree-range"; establishing the science methods and techniques to assess the impact of land consolidation on ecological environment. Number of references:51 Main heading:Consolidation Controlled terms:Environmental impact - Environmental impact assessments Uncontrolled terms:Assessment index - Biological resources - Change process - Ecological environments - Ecological protection - Land consolidation - Land quality - Landscape pattern - Multiscales - Research trends - Science methods - Soil environment - Water environments Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.066 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 49> Accession number:20112714124079Title:Effects of bacterial protein and urea addition on straw anaerobic fermentation Authors:Wang, Yang (1); Lin, Cong (1); Hou, Jin (1); Hou, Yu (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Lin, C. (lincong@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:74-78 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is one of the inhibitive factors to straw anaerobic fermentation. To study the appropriate C/N of corn straw, bacterial protein and urea were added into the fermentation broth until the C/N reached 25/1 and 35/1, respectively. The whole fermentation experiment was carried out for 30 days, and the results indicated that the additions of bacterial protein and urea accelerated the degradation of straw and inhibited the straw volume expansion. Under the condition of the same load of straw, the test group which C/N was 35/1 degraded straw with faster rate than the group which C/N was 25/1. Compared with R0 (no additive), the gas yield of R2 (adding bacterial protein) and R4 (adding urea) which C/N was 35/1 increased by 31.43% and 2.69%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of bacterial protein and urea displayed acid and alkaline buffer action to fermentation broth. Number of references:17 Main heading:Straw Controlled terms:Bacteriology - Fermentation - Metabolism - Proteins - Urea Uncontrolled terms:Alkaline buffer - Anaerobic fermentation - Bacterial protein - Carbon-nitrogen ratio - Corn straws - Faster rates - Fermentation broths - Gas yields - Volume expansion Classification code:461.9 Biology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.015 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 50> Accession number:20112714124106Title:Advances on technology of high density and high lipid microalgae culture Authors:Liu, Zhenqiang (1); Lu, Xianghong (1); Yan, Rongjun (1); Ao, Hui (1); Mei, Xiaodong (1); Gao, Ting (1); Ji, Jianbing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China Corresponding author:Lu, X. (luxh@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:210-217 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Microalgae has become one of the most potential raw materials for production of biodiesel due to its short growth cycle and low soil demand for its growth. However, production of biodiesel from microalgae has currently not been commercialized all over the world. The reason is mainly high production cost resulting from low cell density and lipid content of microalgae. The recent advances on technology of micro-algal high-density culture and high-lipid (triglycerides) production was reviewed on the paper, discussed the effects of culture methods, culture systems and photobioreactor styles on yield and cost of micro-algal biomass and lipid. Finally, the intensified microalgal culture modes using solar energy, CO<inf>2</inf> integrated with sugar wastes were introduced. The integrated technology will improve the yield of microalgal lipid, and reduce the cost of microalgal biodiesel production, and make the process to be more competitive. Number of references:62 Main heading:Cell culture Controlled terms:Algae - Biodiesel - Carbon dioxide - Costs - Energy conversion - Growth (materials) - Microorganisms - Solar energy - Sugars Uncontrolled terms:Biodiesel production - Cell density - Cost-effective - Culture methods - Culture systems - Growth cycle - High density - High-density cultures - Integrated technologies - Lipid content - Micro-algae - Microalgae cultivation - Microalgae culture - Microalgal cultures - Photobiore-actor - Production cost Classification code:911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science - 615.2 Solar Power - 523 Liquid Fuels - 461.9 Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.042 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 51> Accession number:20112714124108Title:Ammonifying bacteria in plant floating island of constructed wetland for strengthening decomposition of organic nitrogen Authors:Zhao, Tingting (1); Fan, Peicheng (1); Yao, Lirong (1); Yan, Gang (1); Li, Dinglong (1); Zhang, Wenyi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Chang Zhou University, Changzhou 213164, China Corresponding author:Zhang, W. (zwy@jpu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:223-226 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the problem of low ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency in traditional constructed wetland of plant floating island, an engineering bacteria strain with high ammonifying ablity was isolated from the laboratory to strengthen organic nitrogen decomposition in the system. The dynamic test of the ammonifying bacteria strain showed that the organic nitrogen decomposition reaction followed zero-level reaction, with degradation rate was 0.76 mg/(L·h) and organic nitrogen decomposition rate was 81.80%. The simulation ecosystem of plant floating island in wastewater treatment was constructed by the Cymbidium faberi Rolfe (Evergreen plant), and control test group was designed without adding the strain agent. The results showed that at 48 h, the organic nitrogen decomposition rate was up to 86.50% by adding the strain agent while it was 75.66% without them in the control test group in plant floating island, being increased by 11.16% after adding agent. Similarly, the organic nitrogen was 4.40 mg/L by adding the strain agent while it was 8.23 mg/L in the control group reduced by 3.83mg/L. At 72 h, the effluent ammonia nitrogen was 6.74 mg/L by adding the strain agent while at 72h it had not been degraded and at 144 h it was 9.86 mg/L in the control group. It was significant to strengthen organic nitrogen decomposition and removal efficiency by adding ammonifying bacteria because it supplies sufficient oxygen for the microorganisms adhering to the plant roots to nitrification, and it was more convenient for plants roots to absorb ammonia nitrogen as well. This study could provide reference for improving nitrogen removal effect in constructed wetland. Number of references:16 Main heading:Effluents Controlled terms:Ammonia - Bacteria - Bacteriology - Decay (organic) - Degradation - Nitrogen - Nitrogen removal - Testing - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment - Wetlands Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia nitrogen - Ammonia nitrogen removal - Bacteria strain - Constructed wetlands - Control groups - Control tests - Cymbidium faberi - Decomposition rate - Decomposition reaction - Degradation rate - Dynamic tests - Engineering bacteria - Evergreen plants - Floating islands - Organic nitrogen - Plant roots - Removal efficiencies Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 461.9 Biology - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 452.3 Industrial Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.044 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 52> Accession number:20112714124065Title:Technical-economic assessment on rural bio-energy utilization technologies in China Authors:Tian, Yishui (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Sun, Liying (1) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, MOA, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Tian, Y. (yishuit@yahoo.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:1-5 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:There are many kinds of bio-energy technologies in rural area, and it's propitious to choose the right technologies and promote the development of bio-energy utilization technology in rural area through determining the application range and economic of various technologies. The paper brought forward the concepts and calculation method of per household living energy cost to finish technical-economic assessment on the rural household biogas, biogas engineering, biomass densified biofuel, crop straw biogas, straw gasification and other technologies. The research results showed that household biogas technology has best economic; the second is biomass densified biofuel technology, while straw gasification technology is the worst. Along with the socio-economic development in rural area, biomass densified biofuel technology will be the leading technology gradually, and straw biogas technology could fill the gap caused by shortage of livestock manure. Number of references:18 Main heading:Economic and social effects Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biofuels - Biogas - Biomass - Economics - Energy utilization - Gasification - Manures - Rural areas - Technology Uncontrolled terms:Application range - Bio-energy - Bio-energy utilization - Calculation methods - Cost of living energy per household - Densified biofuel - Energy cost - Gasification technologies - Leading technology - Livestock manure - Research results - Rural households - Socio-economic development Classification code:901 Engineering Profession - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 971 Social Sciences - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.001 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 53> Accession number:20112714124122Title:Analysis on spray characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel Authors:Li, Lilin (1); Wang, Zhong (1); Xu, Guangju (1); Li, Mingdi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Henan institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou 450000, China Corresponding author:Li, L. (liluogong@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:299-303 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The fuel spray characteristics are key factors that affect engine combustion and emission. The spray characteristics of diesel and biodiesel were contrasted and analyzed. The factors such as density, viscosity, molecular structure, blend ratio, speed of injection pump and fuel temperature which have influence on spray characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the spray characteristics could be improved by decreasing the density, reducing viscosity and interrupting the double bonds. The penetration length of diesel and biodiesel reached maximum at 0-0.9 ms and 0.5-0.7 ms, respectively, when the speed of injection pump was 1100 r/min. The SMD (Sauter mean diameter) of biodiesel reached maximum around 5°CA when the temperature was 380 K and the load was 100%. Number of references:15 Main heading:Biodiesel Controlled terms:Diesel engines - Pumps - Viscosity Uncontrolled terms:Blend ratios - Diesel - Double bonds - Fuel sprays - Fuel temperature - Injection pump - Key factors - Penetration length - Sauter mean diameters - Spay characteristics - Spray characteristics Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.058 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 54> Accession number:20112714124094Title:Fermentation and preservation of cellulose-degrading microbial community Authors:Li, Peipei (1); Zhang, Dongdong (1); Wang, Hui (1); Wang, Xiaojuan (1); Wang, Xiaofen (1); Cui, Zongjun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author:Cui, Z. (acuizj@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:152-156 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To explore easy and effective methods for fermentation and preservation of a cellulose-degrading microbial community (ADS-3) with high capacity of straw degradation, two experiments for selecting effective culture medium and preservation method were carried out. Five culture mediums were used for the fermentation experiment, and the best culture medium was determined by DNA based method of PCR-DGGE (Polymerase Chain Reaction Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis). Three preservations of freeze-directly, absorb-drying and absorb-freezing were carried out, and pH value, wheat straw degrading capacity to assess the effect of six months preservation were tested. In addition, the method of DGGE was also used to analyze the microbial component of the cellulose-degrading microbial community. The results showed that the modified Czapek's medium was superior to other mediums, after cultivation the fermentation with the most similarity microbial component compared with control of the initial ADS-3; preservation method of absorb-freezing had similar pH changes, degrading capacity for wheat straw after rejuvenation and microbial component compared with control of the initial ADS-3. Furthermore, it had cost advantage over the other methods. This study supports technical parameters for the further use of the straw-degrading microbial community. Number of references:18 Main heading:Polymerase chain reaction Controlled terms:Cellulose - Electrophoresis - Experiments - Fermentation - Freezing - Microorganisms - pH effects Uncontrolled terms:Cost advantages - Culture medium - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis - High capacity - Medium - Microbial communities - Microbial components - PCR-DGGE - pH change - pH value - Wheat straws Classification code:801 Chemistry - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.030 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 55> Accession number:20112714124099Title:Risk evaluation of the solar photovoltaic energy project Authors:Li, Wei (1); Li, Shichao (1); Wang, Dan (1) Author affiliation:(1) North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China Corresponding author:Li, S. (120592117@qq.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:176-180 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For the advantages of zero emissions, long life and never-dried up, solar photovoltaic (pv) grid power generation has, become one of recently emerging industries at home and abroad, and the risk evaluation of pv grid power industry is the focus. According to the specific characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation project, a risk evaluation index system was constructed, and an empirical analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation project was conducted by rough sets and fuzzy AHP. The results show that the stability and investment cost of pv grid generation play an important role in the project construction. So, pv grid power industry should keep in its own advantages, and in the meanwhile, improve the stability, lower cost, develop domestic product materials, improve their technology and product quality. Number of references:15 Main heading:Solar power generation Controlled terms:Fuzzy logic - Industrial management - Industry - Investments - Photovoltaic effects - Risk assessment - Rough set theory - Solar concentrators - Solar energy Uncontrolled terms:Domestic product - Empirical analysis - Fuzzy AHP - Grid generation - Grid power - Grid-power-generation - Investment costs - Long life - Lower cost - Product quality - Project construction - Risk evaluation - Rough set - Solar photovoltaic power - Solar photovoltaics - Zero emission Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912.2 Management - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 702.3 Solar Cells - 615.2 Solar Power DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.035 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 56> Accession number:20112714124131Title:Monitoring winter wheat GPP in Huabei Plain using remote sensing and flux tower Authors:Zhao, Jingjing (1); Liu, Liangyun (1); Xu, Ziwei (2); Jiao, Quanjun (1); Peng, Dailiang (1); Hu, Yong (1); Liu, Shaomin (2) Author affiliation:(1) Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Corresponding author:Liu, L. (lyliu@ceode.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:346-351 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Aim of this paper is to study the validation of gross primary product (GPP) from MODIS in monitoring winter wheat ecosystem of Huabei Plain, which is characteristic of heterogeneity, and the carbon source/sink function of this crop ecosystem. Firstly, based on the phenological curve of winter wheat, a decision tree was designed to extract the winter wheat area from the MODIS-NDVI product. The classification map was also cross-validated by the high resolution classification map from the multi-temporal Landsat TM images, with an user's precision of 90.6% and an overall precision of 87.2%. Then, combined with MODIS-GPP product, the whole growth seasonal GPP of winter wheat of Huabei Plain in 2010 was calculated. The MODIS-GPP product was validated by the observed eddy covariance data, with a determination coefficient of 0.9227; The winter wheat's GPP in Huabei Plain is 6.24(10<sup>8</sup> kgC, which is about 21.3% of the total GPP in Huabei Plain; Finally, according to the respiration of ecosystem (RE) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) calculated from eddy covariance flux measurements, the winter wheat in Huabei Plain holds high capability to fix carbon, the ratio of NEP to GPP is 58.7%. Number of references:29 Main heading:Ecosystems Controlled terms:Crops - Decision trees - Monitoring - Productivity - Radiometers - Remote sensing Uncontrolled terms:Carbon source - Determination coefficients - Eddy covariance - Eddy covariance data - Flux measurements - Gross primary productivity - High resolution - Landsat TM images - MODIS - Multi-temporal - Net ecosystem productivities - Winter wheat Classification code:961 Systems Science - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922 Statistical Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 731.1 Control Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.067 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 57> Accession number:20112714124096Title:Effects of moisture content on turfgrass forming at room-temperature Authors:Yan, Wengang (1); Yu, Guosheng (1); Zhang, Haiying (1); Jiang, Chenlong (1); Liu, Xiaohu (1); Zhao, Xuesong (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China Corresponding author:Yu, G. (sgyzh@bjfu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:162-165 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study the influence of moisture content on biomass room-temperature forming, forming tests on turfgrass were done in different moisture content and taper with forming bench. The results indicated that density of block varies from small to big firstly, and then to small, accompanying with the increase of moisture content in the same taper; Under a certain moisture content, the density decreases with taper increasing; when moisture content was at 11% and mold taper was at 25°, the density of block reached max-1.10 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; When raw material moisture content was at 20% or above, the density of lawn grass was smaller than 0.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The results showed that the density and pressure of biomass had the same trend which was from small to peak and then to bottom with the increase of water content. Number of references:12 Main heading:Water content Controlled terms:Biomass - Moisture determination Uncontrolled terms:Room temperature - Turfgrass Classification code:444 Water Resources - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 944.2 Moisture Measurements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.032 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 58> Accession number:20112714124114Title:Simulation of sustainable use of soil water in dry land for alfalfa-grain rotation system at Changwu arid-plateau of China Authors:Wang, Xuechun (1); Li, Jun (1); Hao, Mingde (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Corresponding author:Li, J. (junli@nwsuaf.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:257-266 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to find out a grain-crop system for sustainable usage of soil water, effects of different alfalfa-grain rotation systems on soil water restoration were simulated and investigated, based on long-term experiment at Changwu arid-plateau, by combining on-spot investigation and computer simulation methods. Validation results showed that correlation coefficient between simulated and observed values of soil water storage in 0-2m soil for alfalfa-grain rotation system (4-years-old-alfalfa, potato, winter-wheat, winter-wheat and winter-wheat) was 0.97(a<0.01). The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed value of soil moisture in 0-5m soil for alfalfa land, winter-wheat field and potato field was 0.94(a<0.01), 0.93(a<0.01) and 0.87(a<0.01) respectively. Simulation results showed that the cultivation of potato and broomcorn millet was benefit to recover soil desiccation. When spring maize or winter wheat cultivated, soil water varied with soil desiccation grade. When soil desiccation grade was serious, soil water restored slowly; when soil desiccation was slight, soil water reduced. Grain crop rotation system with annual sequence of potato, broomcorn millet, spring maize, potato, broomcorn millet and winter wheat was benefit to restore soil water after alfalfa plantation. At Changwu arid-plateau, alfalfa could be replanted after its cultivation years reached to 9-12 years. Number of references:28 Main heading:Soil moisture Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Crops - Driers (materials) - Food storage - Grain (agricultural product) - Restoration - Rotation Uncontrolled terms:Alfalfa-grain rotation system - Changwu arid-plateau - Correlation coefficient - Dry land - Grain crops - Long-term experiments - Simulation result - Soil water - Soil water storage - Spring maize - Sustainable use - Validation results - Winter wheat Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 723.5 Computer Applications - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 402 Buildings and Towers - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.050 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 59> Accession number:20112714124075Title:Virosome distribution in different mechanically ventilated swine pens by numerical method analysis Authors:Mu, Yu (1); Wang, Meizhi (1); Liu, Jijun (1); Ma, Zonghu (3); Xu, Xin (4) Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nuitrion, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (3) China HUADIAN Engineering CO., LTD., Beijing 100035, China; (4) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Liu, J. (liujijun@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:53-58 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to research on virosome distribution in different ventilated swine pens, the air flow movement and virosome concentration and deposition in two kinds ventilation of swine pens were studied by numerical simulation in this paper. Virosomes trajectory was simulated by discrete trajectory model based on standard k-Ε turbulence model. The results showed that in the same air supply and pressure conditions and particle properties, compared with the vertical ventilation, the horizontal ventilation could better control the virus particle diffusion. Although the vertical ventilation enabled better contaminant removal effectiveness, more particles escape and fewer suspended particles, there were more particle deposition which could cause secondary pollution. The two ways have their own advantages in different perspectives. From the standpoint of controlling the virus spread and cross-infection, horizontal ventilation is better than vertical ventilation since virus particles can be better controlled in horizontal ventilation and it is easy to form a more uniform flow. Vertical ventilation will make the virus particles widespread diffusion, easy to cross-infection. Number of references:23 Main heading:Ventilation Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Numerical methods - Turbulence models - Viruses Uncontrolled terms:Air flow - Air supply - Contaminant removal - Cross-infection - Discrete trajectory models - Particle depositions - Particle diffusion - Particle properties - Pressure conditions - Secondary pollution - Suspended particles - Swine pen - Uniform flow - Vertical ventilation - Virosome Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.9 Biology - 643.5 Ventilation - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.6 Numerical Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.011 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 60> Accession number:20112714124097Title:Effects of solar two-stage heating on temperature rising for biogas fermentation Authors:Qiu, Ling (1); Liang, Yong (2); Deng, Yuanfang (2); Luo, Tao (2) Author affiliation:(1) Northwest A and F University College of Agronomy, Yangling 712100, China; (2) The Northwest Station of Biogas Products and Equipment Quality Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Qiu, L. (QL2871@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:166-171 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Temperature is the key factor to restrict efficiency of gas production in biogas fermentation especially in winter. Improving and stabilizing the biogas fermentation temperature are the technical problems for low cost system of small and medium-sized methane project. In order to solve the problems, the experiments of two-stage solar heating technology were conducted in rural ecological campus biogas system. The results showed that the two-stage solar heating system could achieve good heating effects: 1) The temperature of biogas fermentation system in greenhouse averagely increased 11°C or 4.8°C than that ouside in a sunny day or cloudy day; 2) The temperature of biogas fermentation system heat collection chamber increased 11.8°Caveragely than that ouside the collector in a sunny day, and 4.6°C in a cloudy day; 3) The average temperature of liquid materials in the two-stage solar heating biogas ferment tank was 10±0.5°C, which was (6±1.0)°C higher than that without heating. Number of references:12 Main heading:Heating Controlled terms:Biogas - Fermentation - Greenhouses - Methane - Solar heating Uncontrolled terms:Average temperature - Biogas fermentation - Gas productions - Heat collection - Heating effect - Heating technology - Key factors - Liquid materials - Low-cost systems - Solar heating system - Technical problem - Temperature rising - Two stage Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 522 Gas Fuels - 643.1 Space Heating - 802.2 Chemical Reactions DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.033 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 61> Accession number:20112714124132Title:Estimation of winter wheat residue cover with HJ-1B Data Authors:Zhang, Miao (1); Meng, Jihua (1); Li, Qiangzi (1); Wu, Bingfang (1); Du, Xin (1); Zhang, Feifei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author:Meng, J. (mengjh@irsa.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:352-357 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Crop residue, as an important element of Agro-ecosystem, can influence the flow of nutrients, carbon, water, and energy in Agro-ecosystem. To provide technical support for crop residue cover estimation with remote sensing data, relationships between winter wheat residue cover and reflectance of HJ-1B and three normalized difference indices were analyzed and discussed. Normalized difference index of HJ-1B IRS was selected to establish winter wheat residue cover estimation model. The model was validated using independent field observation data. Among all the 11 validation sites, the maximum relative error was 24.96% and the average relative error was 9.28%. Validation results indicated that an acceptable accuracy was achieved in winter wheat residue cover estimation. Number of references:25 Main heading:Estimation Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Crops - Ecosystems - Remote sensing Uncontrolled terms:Agro ecosystems - Average relative error - Crop residue - Estimation models - Field observation data - HJ-1B - Maximum relative errors - Normalized difference indices - Remote sensing data - Residue cover - Technical support - Validation results - Winter wheat Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.068 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 62> Accession number:20112714124085Title:Natural hematite oxygen carriers for chemical-looping gasification of biomass Authors:Huang, Zhen (1); He, Fang (1); Zhao, Kun (1); Zhao, Guangjie (3); Shi, Huabiao (3); Li, Haibin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (2) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (3) China United Engineering Corporation, Hangzhou 310022, China Corresponding author:He, F. (hefang@ms.giec.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:105-111 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The feasibility of using natural hematite as an oxygen carrier in chemical-looping gasification (CLG) of biomass has been investigated. The experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and in a fluidized bed reactor using argon as fluidizing gas. The reactivity of the hematite particles as a function of the reactor temperature, reaction time was discussed. TGA experiments showed that hematite can not release the lattice oxygen in inert atmosphere, however, can provide its lattice oxygen in reducing atmosphere. It was observed that the reactivity of hematite with biomass and pyrolysis intermediate products was enhanced as temperature increased. The CO and H<inf>2</inf> concentrations increased slightly, while CO<inf>2</inf> and CH<inf>4</inf> concentration declined slightly with increasing temperature during biomass gasification. The reactivity of oxygen carriers was gradually decreased as the reactions proceed in the reactor due to depletion of the active oxygen in the hematite particles in a batch test. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the hematite particles exhibited obvious agglomeration when the reaction temperature was above 850°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments showed that the hematite particles occurred a transformation of Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>&rarrFeO providing the oxygen element for biomass gasification reactions. The natural hematite is a promising candidate of oxygen carriers for chemical-looping gasification of biomass. Number of references:18 Main heading:Gasification Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Argon - Atmospheric composition - Biomass - Carbon dioxide - Carbon monoxide - Chemical reactors - Experiments - Fluid catalytic cracking - Fluidization - Fluidized beds - Hematite - Ionization of gases - Iron ores - Oxygen - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Synthesis (chemical) - Synthesis gas - X ray diffraction Uncontrolled terms:Active oxygen - Batch tests - Biomass Gasification - Chemical looping - Fluidized bed reactors - Hematite particles - Inert atmospheres - Intermediate product - Lattice oxygen - Natural hematite - Oxygen Carrier - Oxygen carriers - Reaction temperature - Reactor temperatures - Reducing atmosphere - Thermogravimetric analyzers Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 801 Chemistry - 545.1 Iron - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 482.2 Minerals - 741.1 Light/Optics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.021 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 63> Accession number:20112714124119Title:Design of biomass briquette stove for cooling and cooking Authors:Liu, Shengyong (1); Lian, Ruirui (1); Wang, Xiaodong (2); Zhang, Lei (1); Liang, Pan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Henan Agncultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (2) People's Goverment of Liuzhai Xinmi, Xinmi 452370, China Corresponding author:Liu, S. (liushy@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:286-290 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the energy shortage problem in rural area of China, biomass briquette stove was designed according to the general cooking habits of the current rural life and the strict computation. The results indicate that the thermal efficiency was 40.6%, it was 15 minutes form fire point to the combustion, and intense combustion sustained 62 minutes. The stove can conform the current rural life. The combustion of the biomass briquette stove was stable, fewer pollutants, which would provide stable energy in cooling system. Number of references:15 Main heading:Biomass Controlled terms:Briquets - Briquetting - Combustion - Rural areas Uncontrolled terms:Cooking habits - Energy shortages - Fire point - Rural energy - Rural life - Thermal efficiency Classification code:521.1 Fuel Combustion - 524 Solid Fuels - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.055 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 64> Accession number:20112714124076Title:Effects of different concentrations of NaOH pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of rice straw for biogas production Authors:Qin, Guodong (1); Liu, Ronghou (1); Sun, Chen (1) Author affiliation:(1) Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China Corresponding author:Liu, R. (liurhou@sjtu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:59-63 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The effects of different concentrations of NaOH pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of rice straw for biogas production were investigated. The tests were carried out in self-made anaerobic digestion equipment with rice straw as raw material. The results showed that the components of rice straw were damaged after NaOH pretreatment, and the component of hemicellulose was obviously degraded. Gas yield of pretreatment groups increased significantly compared with the control group. In addition, the fermentation time was shortened. The pretreatment group with NaOH concentration of 6% had the largest gas production yield which was 246.6 mL/g dry material, and the methane content was up to 50%. On the whole, the best concentration of NaOH pretreatment for rice straw was 6%. Number of references:25 Main heading:Anaerobic digestion Controlled terms:Biogas - Fermentation - Methanation - Methane Uncontrolled terms:Biogas production - Control groups - Dry materials - Gas productions - Gas yields - Methane content - NaOH concentration - NaOH pretreatment - Pre-Treatment - Rice straws Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.012 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 65> Accession number:20112714124070Title:Thermal balance analysis of northern large-scale biogas generating system based on system dynamics Authors:Wang, Lili (1); Wang, Zhongjiang (1); Lu, Huawei (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150030, China; (2) Harbin Liangda Industry Co., Ltd, Haerbin 150090, China Corresponding author:Wang, Z. (neauwzj@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:26-31 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Aiming at a large-scale biogas generating system in Heilongjiang Province, the energy balance of demand and supply was studied by the methods of system dynamics and finite element analysis of thermal balance, and some key parameters in course of operation were determined. The results showed that the heat loss proportion of the transfer heat of the digester, the evaporation of water, the extracted biogas and the pipelines were 85.59%-90.22%, 2.05%-8.42%, 3.93%-4.78%, 2.06%-2.96%, respectively. The temperatures of mixing hot water were 53°C from June to August and 65°C at other months by the heat requirement calculation of heating fermentative materials. The heat requirement of heating fermentative materials made up 73.13%-87.91% of the total heat requirement. The mean heating time of maintaining 35°C of digester was determined by the heat loss analysis of pipelines. It was determined by the energy balance analysis of demand and supply of the total fermentative system that the system could realize yearly continuous running using the recovery surplus heat of biogas generation. The research laid the theoretic foundation for the application and expansion of large-scale biogas project in northern high-cold region. Number of references:17 Main heading:Biogas Controlled terms:Energy balance - Fermentation - Finite element method - Heat losses - Heating - Optical losses - Solvent extraction - System theory Uncontrolled terms:Biogas generation - Demand and supply - Energy balance analysis - Generating system - Heat requirements - Heating time - Hot water - Key parameters - Loss analysis - Surplus heat - System Dynamics - Thermal balance Classification code:961 Systems Science - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 522 Gas Fuels DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.006 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 66> Accession number:20112714124115Title:Design of wood-biomass grinder Authors:Yao, Zonglu (1); Tian, Yishui (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Zhao, Lixin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100025, China Corresponding author:Meng, H. (newmhb7209@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:267-271 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A new wood-biomass grinder had been developed and designed to solve the problem of higher power consumption and lower productivity during the wood raw material was shattered. The cutter-disc was designed based on the principle of cutter and shatter, the test of different diameters branch was completed after this grinder was made. The results showed, for the branch of diameter was less than 10 cm, the grinder work well, the productivity was 2.1 m<sup>3</sup>/h and the material size met the requirement of forming. The power consumption was increased with the branch diameter increase, for the branch of diameter was between from 10 cm to 15 cm, the power consumption was 15.7 kw · h/m<sup>3</sup>, and the grinder was close to normal work. But for the branch of diameter was more than 15 cm, the power consumption was increased by 55.8% and the grinder can't work well. Number of references:15 Main heading:Grinding (machining) Controlled terms:Biomass - Grinding machines - Grinding mills - Productivity Uncontrolled terms:Branch diameter - Wood raw material Classification code:525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 606.2 Abrasive Devices and Processes - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 913.1 Production Engineering DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.051 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 67> Accession number:20112714124136Title:Optimization of the vacuum drying process for Spirulina platensis Authors:Zhang, Kun (1); Lu, Jun (1); Guo, Meng (1); Guo, Yao (1); Ren, Difeng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100027, China Corresponding author:Ren, D. (rendifeng@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:377-381 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To improve the concentration of the bioactive component phycocyanin in drying Spirulina products, the vacuum drying process of Spirulina platensis was optimized by the method of response surface analysis based on three major drying factors, including material thickness, drying temperature and vacuum pressure. A polynomial regression analysis was performed on the experimental data by using Design-Expert software, and a mathematical model between the three primary factors and the concentration of phycocyanin was established. According to response surface analysis, the optimal vacuum drying condition of Spirulina platensis was determined as follows: material thickness 3 mm, drying temperature 45°C and vacuum pressure 0.08 MPa, of which the phycocyanin concentration in Spirulina platensis reached up to 12.500 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mg/mL. The research provided a great potential for improving the drying quality of Spirulina powder. Number of references:14 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Mathematical models - Optimization - Regression analysis - Surface analysis - Surfaces - Vacuum - Vacuum technology Uncontrolled terms:Bioactive components - Design-expert - Drying quality - Drying temperature - Experimental data - Material thickness - Phycocyanin - Polynomial regression - Primary factors - Response surface analysis - Spirulina - Spirulina platensis - Vacuum drying - Vacuum drying process - Vacuum pressure Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 633 Vacuum Technology - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 642.1 Process Heating DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.072 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 68> Accession number:20112714124120Title:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project mitigation benefits of small and medium-sized biomass gasifiers Authors:Zhang, Jianbo (1); Li, Jianxin (2); Zheng, Jiao (2); Wang, Yongchuan (2); Yuan, Zhenfu (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (2) Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China Corresponding author:Li, J. (li-jx@nit.zju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:291-294 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to promote the small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve clean development mechanism(CDM) and spread biomass gasifier, four tons of coal boiler transform improvement was studied as an example. Greenhouse gas emission reductions of biomass gasifier were calculated by using methodology AM0036 approved by CDM-EB, IPCC emission coefficient and related references. The results showed that CDM could play a good role in spreading biomass gasifier. Some suggestions on how to implement biomass gasifier were made for enterprises. Number of references:19 Main heading:Biomass Controlled terms:Emission control - Gas emissions - Global warming - Greenhouse gases Uncontrolled terms:Benefits - Biomass gasifier - CDM - Clean Development Mechanism - Emission coefficient - Gasifiers - Greenhouse gas emission reduction - Small and medium-sized enterprise Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.056 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 69> Accession number:20112714124089Title:Synthesis of biodiesel by carbon nanotubes doped Fe(II)-Zn double metal cyanide catalysts Authors:Yang, Lingmei (1); Lü, Pengmei (1); Luo, Wen (1); Li, Huiwen (1); Wang, Zhongming (1); Yuan, Zhenghong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China Corresponding author:Lü, P. (lvpm@ms.giec.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:129-132 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A series of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped Fe(II)-Zn double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts was prepared for biodiesel synthesis. The structure and performance of the catalysts were studied by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the catalyst with 5 wt% of the CNTs showed the optimum transesterification activity. A high yield (95.8%) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was obtained with methanol/oil molar ratio of 16:1, catalyst amount of 2 wt%, reaction temperature at 160°C and reaction time 7 h. The analysis results show that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped Fe(II)-Zn DMC catalysts did not change the composition of Fe(II)-Zn catalysts, while it improves particle dispersion, decreases particle size and increases more pore. This is the main reason that carbon nanotubes doped DMC catalysts have good transesterification activity. Number of references:17 Main heading:Catalyst activity Controlled terms:Biodiesel - Carbon nanotubes - Cyanides - Fatty acids - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Particle size analysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Synthesis (chemical) - Synthetic fuels - X ray diffraction - Zinc Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Biodiesel synthesis - DMC catalysts - Double metal cyanide catalysts - Double metal cyanides - Fatty acid methyl ester - High yield - Molar ratio - Particle dispersion - Reaction temperature - Scanning Electron Microscope - Solid acid catalyst - Structure and performance - Transesterification activity Classification code:931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 951 Materials Science - 801 Chemistry - 741.1 Light/Optics - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 523 Liquid Fuels - 761 Nanotechnology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.025 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 70> Accession number:20112714124086Title:Influence of feedstock pretreatment on biomass pyrolysis kinetics Authors:Ji, Dengxiang (1); Huang, Chengjie (1); Yu, Ping (1); Yu, Fengwen (1); Ai, Ning (1); Ji, Jianbing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China Corresponding author:Ji, J. (jjb@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:112-117 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of pretreatment methods such as water and acid wash on biomass pyrolysis kinetics, rice straw was selected as biomass feedstock, deionized water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, whose weight fraction were 3%, 7% and 10%, respectively, and deionized water were used to wash rice straw, and the thermal decomposition behaviors and comprehensive index of rice straw pyrolysis were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis method. The thermo-kinetics software and multiple non-linear curve fitting method were adopted to calculate the kinetic parameters, and the model of pyrolysis kinetics was speculated. The results showed that water and acid wash can make TG and DTG curves of rice straw pyrolysis shift to higher temperature section, and the maximum weight loss rate and temperature increased. The impacts of the concentration of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid were negligible, but that of sulfuric acid was significant which became obvious with the increasing concentration. Acid wash was in favor of the emission of volatile matters contained in rice straw, and can eliminate the K salt, the ability order of three acid was as follows: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The thermal comprehensive characteristic index of pyrolysis decreased after rice straw was pretreated, and changed with the acid concentration. The two-step continuous model can descript the pyrolysis process of pretreated rice straw. Rice straw washed by deionized water and phosphoric acid tended to occur an n-dimensional nucleation/nucleus growth reaction according to Avrami/Erofeev, and that washed by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid washing tended to occur an n-order reaction. Number of references:16 Main heading:Phosphoric acid Controlled terms:Biomass - Curve fitting - Deionized water - Feedstocks - Hydrochloric acid - Kinetics - Pyrolysis - Sulfuric acid - Thermogravimetric analysis Uncontrolled terms:Acid concentrations - Biomass feedstock - Biomass pyrolysis - Continuous models - Curve fitting methods - Growth reactions - Higher temperatures - Kinetics parameters - Non-linear - Pre-Treatment - Pretreatment methods - Pyrolysis kinetics - Pyrolysis process - Rice straws - Thermal decomposition behavior - Thermokinetics - Volatile matters - Weight fractions - Weight loss rates Classification code:931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801 Chemistry - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.022 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 71> Accession number:20112714124077Title:Effects of disinfectants on biogas fermentation of formalin Authors:Zhang, Jingjing (1); Su, Youyong (1); Kong, Lin (1); Chen, Fei (1); Li, Hao (1) Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, China Corresponding author:Su, Y. (youyongsu@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:64-67 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Using pig dung as material, the effect of formalin on biogas fermentation were studied in this paper. The experimental results showed that the formalin disinfectant had restraint effect on biogas fermentation. After adding formalin, the content of total volatile acid and lipase activity increased, but amylase activity, cellulase activity and gas yield decreased. With increasing of dosage, the change became strengthening. When the addition of formalin reached to 0.05%, the content of total volatile acid increased by 18.78%, lipase activity increased by 135.13%, and amylase activity and lipase activity decreased by 78.57% and 83.65%, respectively. The results of research explained why gas yield decreased when the faeces of livestock farms was handled with for biogas fermentation. The results can provide a certain theoretic reference for biogas fermentation of faece from livestock farms. Number of references:16 Main heading:Fermentation Controlled terms:Agriculture - Amylases - Biogas - Disinfectants - Formaldehyde Uncontrolled terms:Amylase activity - Biogas fermentation - Cellulase activity - Enzymatic activities - Gas yields - Lipase activity - Restraint - Volatile acids Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.013 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 72> Accession number:20112714124117Title:Design and structural optimization of flat-plate solar air collector Authors:Ban, Ting (1); Zhu, Ming (1); Wang, Hai (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Wang, H. (wanghai948@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:277-281 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to utilize solar energy in agriculture products dehydrating drying via solar-thermal transformation, a kind of flat-plate solar air collector was designed. The optimum structures of collector were presented through series of contrast tests. After performance test on the collector, the equation between air temperature at inlet and outlet and irradiance was obtained. The efficiency of this collector was as high as 84.53%, while the absorber was lateral corrugated, the rate of flow was 0.06 kg/s, the average inlet temperature was 22.16°C, and the average irradiance was 870.60 W/m<sup>2</sup>; When the average daily environment temperature was 17°C, and the top and bottom passageway spacing ratio was 2:1, the highest temperature in the collector was 87.6°C, risen by 66.4°C compared with the ambient temperature. The collector has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and simple structure, which can be used in fields of agricultural products drying dehumidifying. With the benefits of low cost, environment protection and easy to install, the collector has a good potential for future market. Number of references:16 Main heading:Collector efficiency Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Drying - Humidity control - Inlet flow - Plates (structural components) - Solar energy - Solar equipment - Structural design - Structural optimization Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Air temperature - Environment protection - Environment temperature - Flat plate - High efficiency - Highest temperature - In-field - Inlet temperature - Low costs - Performance tests - Simple structures - Solar air collector - Spacing ratio Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 702.3 Solar Cells - 642.1 Process Heating - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 615.2 Solar Power - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 402 Buildings and Towers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.053 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 73> Accession number:20112714124124Title:Performance and emission characteristics of common rail engine fueled with jatropha based biodiesel blends Authors:Hu, Zhiyuan (1); Sun, Xiaoqing (1); Tan, Piqiang (1); Lou, Diming (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China Corresponding author:Hu, Z. (huzhiyuan@tongji.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:308-312 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to evaluate the performance of diesel engine fueled by Jatropha based biodiesel, this paper carried out power performance, fuel economy and emission characteristics of a common rail diesel engine fueled with jatropha biodiesel blends. The studying indicators include the engine power, torque, fuel consumption, HC, CO, NO<inf>X</inf>, smoke, and CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. According to the bench test results, the engine power, torque, HC, CO, somke and CO<inf>2</inf> emissions decreased with the biodiesel blend ratio increasing, whereas, the fuel consumption and NO<inf>X</inf> emission of jatropha biodiesel blends fueled engine increased with the biodiesel blend ratio increasing. Number of references:12 Main heading:Biodiesel Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Diesel engines - Engines - Fuel economy - Fuels - Steel metallurgy Uncontrolled terms:Bench tests - Biodiesel blends - Common rail diesel engines - Common-rail engines - Emission characteristics - Engine power - Jatropha - Jatropha-based biodiesels - Performance and emissions - Power performance Classification code:521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 523 Liquid Fuels - 545.3 Steel - 612 Engines - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.060 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 74> Accession number:20112714124129Title:Determinationmethod of the height of tractors gravity center based on mass-response Authors:Nie, Xintian (1); Shi, Lixin (1); Gu, Hao (1); Zhu, Sihong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China Corresponding author:Zhu, S. (zhusihong@njau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:336-339 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on the characteristic that tractor front wheel and rear wheel have generally different diameters, a determination method of the height of tractor mass center on the basis of mass-response method was brought out and the corresponding theoretic calculating model was developed. By comparing with national standard of road vehicles with two axles, it was found that the theoretic calculating model given in the standard was only a special case of the model presented in this paper. This method was used for determining the mass center of the CF650 tractor produced by Jiangsu Changfa Groups and the maximum relative error was 0.34%. The result showed that this method for determining the height of mass center of tractor could satisfy the precision requirement of engineering. Number of references:12 Main heading:Gravitation Controlled terms:Measurement errors - Precision engineering - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Wheels Uncontrolled terms:Calculating model - Front wheels - Gravity centers - Mass centers - Maximum relative errors - National standard - Rear wheels - Road vehicles Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 761 Nanotechnology - 922 Statistical Methods - 931.5 Gravitation, Relativity and String Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.065 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 75> Accession number:20112714124140Title:Optimization of homogenate extraction of theasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel. meal Authors:Zhu, Xingyi (1); Lin, Haimin (1); Chen, Xiu (1); Xie, Jie (1); Wang, Ping (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China Corresponding author:Wang, P. (wangping45@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:402-406 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study the homogenate extraction of theasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel. meal, effects of three independent variables, namely ethanol concentration, extraction time and liquid/solid ratio, on the yield of theasaponin were investigated by means of response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken experimental design based on the single factor experiments. Results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the ethanol concentration was 78%, the extraction time was 40 s, and the liquid/solid ratio was 20 mL/g. Under these conditions, the yield of theasaponin was 21.09% ± 0.26%, which agreed with the predicted value. Compared with the traditional heat refluxing extraction method, the yield of theasaponin obtained from the homogenate extraction method had a bit of increase, the extraction time was shorter (6 h and 40 s, respectively), and the extraction temperature was lower (70°C and 20~25°C, respectively). The homogenate extraction is an ideal method to extract theasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel. meal. Number of references:14 Main heading:Extraction Controlled terms:Design of experiments - Ethanol - Optimization Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Box-Behnken experimental design - Ethanol concentrations - Extraction conditions - Extraction method - Extraction temperatures - Extraction time - Independent variables - Oleifera - Refluxing - Response Surface Methodology - Theasaponin Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.076 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 76> Accession number:20112714124111Title:Effects of different straw mulch rates on soil water conservation and water-saving benefits in spring maize field Authors:Cai, Taiyi (1); Jia, Zhikuan (1); Huang, Yaowei (3); Huang, Huijuan (2); Meng, Lei (4); Yang, Baoping (1); Li, Han (1) Author affiliation:(1) The Chinese Research Institute of Water-saving Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (3) The Agriculture Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (4) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100026, China Corresponding author:Jia, Z. (Zhikuan@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:238-243 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A field experiment (2007-2009) was conducted at the Heyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in Shaanxi Province of China to determine the effects of straw mulch rates on soil moisture conservation and water-saving benefits of spring maize field. Maize straw at rates of 0 (CK), 4500 (S1), 9000 (S2) and 13500 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (S3) was placed on field plots. The results showed that 2-year average soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layers during of S1, S2 and S3 were 13.9, 22.6 and 33.5 mm, respectively, higher than that of CK at the end of winter fallow, and which were 20.2, 32.6 and 42.1 mm during Sowing and Jointing periods, and which were 15.6, 19.1and 21.0 mm. All treatments with straw mulch delayed the development of maize, however, accelerated the speed of growth from the late-mid period. Grain yield of S1, S2, S3 were 7.65%, 16.19% and 17.84% respectively, significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of CK in 2008, and which were similar to in 2009, while the latter overall less than the former. Comparing with CK, 2-year average net return of S1, S2, S3 increased by 6.53%, 16.89% and 15.95% respectively, and water-saving rates of unit grain produce increased by 5.14%, 8.35% and 7.44% respectively, and water-saving benefits increased by 50.07, 81.31 and 72.30 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Results of this study indicated that synthetically performance of S2, with 9000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of straw mulch, was better than other treatments, which is preferable for Weibei highland area in China and similar ecological region, as the precipitation was below than 390 mm during the spring maize growing season. Number of references:16 Main heading:Water conservation Controlled terms:Moisture control - Moisture determination - Soil moisture Uncontrolled terms:Mulch rates - Spring maize - Water-saving - Weibei Highland area - Yield Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.047 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 77> Accession number:20112714124125Title:Application of biosensor in determination of cellulosic ethanol by fermentation Authors:Feng, Dong (1); Wang, Binglian (1); Liang, Xiaohui (3); Li, Xuemei (1); Li, Dahai (1); Liu, Zhonghui (1) Author affiliation:(1) Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China; (3) Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China Corresponding author:Feng, D. (shenghua@keylab.net) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:313-317 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to estimate the application in the cellulose ethanol production by fermentation, an ethanol biosensor was used for cellulose ethanol in the broth during the ethanol fermentation process and the characteristics and patterns were investigated in this study. It was found that the results detected by the biosensor showed good linear relationship within the scope of 0.2-20.0 mg/100 mL, and the regression equation was y=5.00225x 0.72273 (R=0.99976). The detector could detect the ethanol rapidly and accurately, and the response time was 20s, recovery ratio was of 99.3%-100.4%. The results showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between the detector and the traditional methods (i.e. gas chromatography and alcoholmeter). And the detector also showed some good merits such as high specificity, good repeatability, high precision (the detection lower limit of 0.2 mg/ml), high speed and stable. In this study, it could be concluded that the ethanol biosensor could be used for cellulosic ethanol determination, and it might replace the main methods (gas chromatography and alcoholmeter) for ethanol detection and would become the novel method for cellulosic ethanol estimation. Number of references:23 Main heading:Cellulosic ethanol Controlled terms:Biosensors - Cellulose - Detectors - Ethanol - Fermentation - Gas chromatography Uncontrolled terms:Ethanol fermentation - Ethanol production - High precision - High specificity - Linear relationships - Lower limits - Novel methods - Recovery ratio - Regression equation Classification code:523 Liquid Fuels - 732 Control Devices - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 914 Safety Engineering DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.061 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 78> Accession number:20112714124109Title:Effects of microbial inoculants on actinomycetes communities diversity during municipal solid waste composting Authors:Xi, Beidou (1); Dang, Qiuling (1); Wei, Zimin (2); Li, Mingxiao (2); Xia, Xunfeng (1); Yang, Tianxue (1); Chen, Fengxian (1) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China; (2) Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Wei, Z. (weizm691120@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:SUPPL. 1 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:227-232 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of microbial enhanced composting on the composting process and actinomycetes communities, the bacterial mixture and fungal compound agents was inoculated to the municipal solid waste pile. The non-inoculated pile was taken as control. The parameters of temperature and wood degradation efficiency of cellulose was measured, a method of PCR-DGGE was used to study the community dynamics and diversity of actinobacteria. The results showed that it could reduce the heating time of composting strengthened by microbe inoculants, and could improve the temperature of the cooling and the secondary fermentation period. Compared to natural composting the degradation rate of hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin were increased by 8.95%, 12.72% and 10.13%. DGGE profiles showed that the diversity index of the two composting showed significant differences, composting strengthened by microbe inoculants could improve the type and number of dominant microorganisms, and could improve the actinobacteria community diversity during maturity period, which conducive to compost maturity. The results of DNA sequenced were that: Corynebacterium sp, Mycobacterium sp, Streptomyces sp, Thermotoga sp, Dietzia sp, Saccharothrix sp and Actinomyces sp were detected during inoculated compost, they all involved in actinobacteria phylum. Number of references:23 Main heading:Municipal solid waste Controlled terms:Bacteria - Cellulose - Composting - Degradation - Microbiology - Piles - Polymerase chain reaction - Waste treatment - Wood Uncontrolled terms:Actinobacteria - Actinomyces - Community diversity - Community dynamics - Compost maturity - Composting process - Compound agents - Corynebacterium - Degradation rate - Diversity index - Heating time - PCR-DGGE - Streptomyces sp - Wood degradation Classification code:811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.z1.045 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
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- 主编 朱明
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