2011年4月第27卷第4期
<RECORD 1> Accession number:20112714112592Title:Electronic tongue detection for residual antibiotic in milk powder Authors:Tan, Guofeng (1); Tian, Shiyi (2); Shen, Zonggen (3); Zhang, Genhua (3); Deng, Shaoping (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Sensory Science Lab., Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China; (3) College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China Corresponding author:Deng, S. (spdeng@hzic.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:361-365 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To find the rapid method to detect residual antibiotic in dairy products, discrimination on the same concentration of six kinds of antibiotics in milk powder using smartongue and detection on the concentration of neomycin is researched in this paper. Platinum, gold, palladium, tungsten, titanium and silver electrodes as sensor array were used in this experiment and detected at different frequency of 1 Hz, 10 Hz and 100 Hz. Principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis and partial least square method were used to analysis the experiment data. The results showed that smartongue could well discriminate different antibiotic and different concentration of neomycin, qualitative analysis result could reach the national maximum residue limit standard basically. A optimal concentration range of neomycin about 300-1100 μg/L was obtained by quantitive model established by partial least square method. Smartongue provide a new method to detect adulterations in food by its special advantages. Number of references:17 Main heading:Principal component analysis Controlled terms:Antibiotics - Concentration (process) - Dairy products - Discriminant analysis - Electronic tongues - Experiments - Least squares approximations - Platinum - Quality control - Sensor arrays - Titanium - Tungsten Uncontrolled terms:Linear discriminant analysis - Neomycin - Partial least square methods - Principal Components - Smartongue Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 732 Control Devices - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 547.1 Precious Metals - 543.5 Tungsten and Alloys - 542.3 Titanium and Alloys - 801 Chemistry DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.063 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 2> Accession number:20112714112556Title:Simulation on heat transfer characteristics of vehicle wheel reductor Authors:Xu, Zhongming (1); Shi, Fangyuan (2); He, Yansong (1); Peng, Huadong (3); Zhou, Weilin (3) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Lab. of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (3) SAIC-IVECO HONGYAN Commercial Vehicle Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400900, China Corresponding author:Xu, Z. (xuzm@cqu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:158-163 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve explosion of the heavy-duty commercial vehicle tires under high speed conditions which was caused by the high temperature derived from the planetary wheel reductor, a disk fin was proposed. Firstly, heat transfer and aerodynamics characteristics of the rotating fin in still and crossflow air were studied by numerical simulation, and appropriate correlations were derived for Nusselt number as function of similarity numbers which could be served as the verification for accuracy of computation fluid dynamic model by comparing with correlations obtained in related literatures. Then, heat dissipating capacity of fin was also predicted in high speed conditions. Finally, temperature field of the wheel (rim and drum) was simulated with calculated applied heat and simulated heat transfer coefficient to be the boundary conditions, which shows that the temperature of rim surface was decreased after the installation of fin which verified the heat dissipating effect of the disk fin. Consequently, the heat dissipating solution was proved to be effective that heat transfer characteristic of wheel reductor was improved a lot by disk fin and the possibilities of tires explosion under high speed condition were reduced. Number of references:13 Main heading:Wheels Controlled terms:Air - Computer simulation - Fins (heat exchange) - Nusselt number - Taxicabs - Trucks - Vertical stabilizers Uncontrolled terms:Cross flows - Disk fin - Dissipating capacity - Heat transfer characteristics - Heavy-duty commercial vehicles - High temperature - High-speed conditions - Planetary wheel - Simulation analysis - Temperature field Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 601.2 Machine Components - 432.2 Passenger Highway Transportation - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.027 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 3> Accession number:20112714112585Title:Field scale slope position segmentation at agricultural landscape in hilly area Authors:Guo, Pengtao (1); Li, Maofen (1); Liu, Hongbin (1); Wu, Wei (2); Wang, Zhengyin (1); Yu, Mingxuan (5) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resourses and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (2) College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (3) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digital Agriculture, Chongqing 400716, China; (4) Eng. Res. Ctr. for Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (5) Agriculture Bureau of Kaijiang County, Kaijiang 636250, China Corresponding author:Liu, H. (lhbin@swu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:324-329 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Field scale slope positions segmentation was carried out by using similarity-based approach at agricultural landscape in a hilly area. Soil physical, chemical and pedogenic properties were applied to test reasonability of the slope positions segmented. Results indicated that slope positions generally followed the actual feature of the land form and it could well explain the variance of soil physical, chemical and pedogenic properties. Also the results verified the validity of similarity-based approach used in the complex terrain area. Number of references:18 Main heading:Soil testing Controlled terms:Fuzzy inference - Landforms Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural landscapes - Complex terrains - Field scale - Hilly areas - Reasonability - Similarity - Slope positions Classification code:481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.056 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 4> Accession number:20112714112583Title:Effects of terracing slope cropland on soil quality in Hilly Region of Loess Plateau Authors:Xue, Sha (1); Liu, Guobin (1); Zhang, Chao (1); Fan, Liangxin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Xue, S. (xuesha100@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:310-316 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Terraces at different years in loess hilly region were chosen as subject to reveal changes in soil phyico-chemical and biological properties after slope cropland was rebuild to terraces. The results showed that slope cropland had a low content of phyico-chemical and biological quality because of serious soil erosion and improper cultivation. Soil phyico-chemical and biological properties had no remarkable change or a little drop in the first year of terracing under the action of soil disturbance and the reduction of erosion. Soil qualities (including of soil physical properties and anti-erodibility, chemical properties, microbial biomass and activity) were improved significantly with the terracing age. Soil quality index (SQI), integral indicator to reflect soil phyico-chemical and biological properties, appeared linear increasing with years by regression analysis. In brief, when slope cropland was rebuilded to terrace, soil was managed scientifically and soil quality was significantly improved. Number of references:32 Main heading:Soils Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Chemical properties - Erosion - Indicators (chemical) - Landforms - Regression analysis Uncontrolled terms:Biological properties - First year - Land consolidation - Loess hilly region - Loess Plateau - Microbial biomass - Soil disturbances - Soil erosion - Soil physical property - Soil quality - Soil quality index - Terrace on slope cropland Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 481.1 Geology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.054 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 5> Accession number:20112714112597Title:Experiments on microwave vacuum drying of rose Authors:Song, Chunfang (1); Qin, Yonghong (1); Chen, Xi (1); Zhou, Li (1); Zhu, Feng (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Corresponding author:Song, C. (gracecf927@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:389-392 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The experiment on rose drying was conducted with microwave vacuum drying equipment to improve quality of dried rose and reduce the drying time. Effects of different microwave power and vacuum pressure on quality of dried rose were studied. The results showed that with vacuum pressure increasing, the drying rate of rose was increased by moisture transpiration, and temperature rising of rose was lower. Drying time was shortened greatly by increasing microwave power. Considering several indexes such as change of shape, color, drying time and temperature, and comparing with hot wind drying, the optimal drying parameters were gained that vacuum, microwave power, drying time were 0.10 MPa, 200 W and 80 min, respectively. The results can provide a new try for dried rose and theoretic basis for industrialized production of rose. Number of references:15 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Experiments - Microwave generation - Microwave power transmission - Vacuum - Vacuum technology Uncontrolled terms:Dried flowers - Drying parameters - Drying rates - Drying time - Industrialized production - Microwave power - Microwave-vacuum drying - Rose - Temperature rising - Vacuum pressure Classification code:633 Vacuum Technology - 642.1 Process Heating - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.068 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 6> Accession number:20112714112531Title:Experiment and evaluation on temperature sensitivities and tensile forces of anti-seepage geomembrane of farmland irrigation canal Authors:Xu, Sifa (1); Zhang, Hao (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China Corresponding author:Xu, S. (xusifa@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:7-11 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to understand the temperature sensitivity of anti-seepage geomembrane, the experimental study and analysis of the thermal stress and deformation were conducted for anti-seepage geomembrane of farmland irrigation canal. The tensile force at the fixed end of anti-seepage geomembrane was measured by loadcell, thermocouple, and displacement gauge with variation in temperature. Experimental results indicated that the temperature change had significant effect on the tensile force at the fixed end, especially for the HDPE anti-seepage geomembrane; The temperature of anti-seepage geomembrane could be effectively reduced when the non-woven geotextile was used between the anti-seepage geomembrane and the protective layer; The large deformation occured with variations in temperature, the max displacement could reach 60 mm. Based on limit equilibrium theory, evaluation methods on the tensile forces caused by variation in temperature of anti-seepage geomembrane was proposed, the evaluation results considering the relationship between elastic modulus and temperature were in agreement with the experiment. The method proposed can effectively estimates tensile force of anti-seepage geomembrane with temperature variation. The test results can provide a certain reference for the engineering practice. Number of references:17 Main heading:Seepage Controlled terms:Deformation - Embankment dams - Experiments - Finite element method - Geomembranes - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Irrigation canals - Thermal stress - Thermocouples - Thermoelasticity Uncontrolled terms:Anti-seepage - Anti-seepage geomembrane - Engineering practices - Evaluation Method - Evaluation results - Expansion coefficient - Experimental studies - Large deformations - Limit equilibrium theory - Nonwoven geotextiles - Protective layers - Stress and deformation - Temperature changes - Temperature sensitivity - Temperature variation - Tensile forces - Test results Classification code:944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 441.1 Dams - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.002 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 7> Accession number:20112714112590Title:Auto-grouping method of flue-cured tobacco leaves based on near infrared spectra technology Authors:Zhang, Ying (1); He, Liyuan (2) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Corresponding author:He, L. (heliyuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:350-354 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to explore the nondestructive testing technology of flue-cured tobacco leaf on purchasing quality, the new method of fast classify tobacco leaf's group (parts, color) was proposed based on near infrared spectral technology. The feasibility of applying near infrared spectral technology to evaluate the complete flue-cured tobacco leaves quality was analyzed.. The prediction performances of different band range, different principal component numbers and different preprocessing methods of the spectra (multiplicative signal correction, standard normal variation, and derivative spectra) together with discriminant analysis (DA) were also investigated, and the calibration model was respectively established to classify the different parts and color of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. The research results for the tobacco leaf classification showed that DA calibration model using the parameters of band range between 1101 and 2395 nm combined with original spectra was optimal, which the correct percentage of classification on part and color of tobacco leaf was 100% for calibration sets, and it was 98.6% and 97.1% respectively for validation set. It is proved that the new method proposed in this study is capable to discriminate the parts and color of tobacco leaves with high accuracy. In addition, it might provide a new method to discriminate tobacco leaves group. Number of references:13 Main heading:Tobacco Controlled terms:Calibration - Color - Curing - Discriminant analysis - Flues - Infrared devices - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Principal component analysis - Technology Uncontrolled terms:Calibration model - Derivative spectra - Flue-cured tobacco - Grouping - Leaf classification - Multiplicative signal correction - Near Infrared - Near infrared spectra - Non destructive testing - Pre-processing method - Prediction performance - Principal Components - Research results - Tobacco leave Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 922 Statistical Methods - 901 Engineering Profession - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 741.1 Light/Optics - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.061 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 8> Accession number:20112714112570Title:Comparison of reactive power optimization control between local and system on distribution lines Authors:Tan, Dongming (1); Piao, Zailin (1); Zheng, Weigang (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China Corresponding author:Piao, Z. (piaozl@china.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:235-240 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For the shortage of local control strategy, a systematic control strategy considering reactive power compensation effect of the whole line was proposed in this paper. In the case of the compensation capacity and location determined, the goal of optimal reactive power running by controlling the capacitor was achieved, and an optimal capacitor switching model established which aimed at a minimum network loss. The model was solved by an improved TS algorithm. Capacitor switching, power loss and voltage conditions were solved with the above two strategies programmed by. NET, and compared under reactive power load level of a 10 kV line in a given period of time on a certain day. The results showed that the systematic control strategy had a more pronounced effect of the energy conservation on distribution lines under the same compensation position and capacity. Number of references:18 Main heading:Reactive power Controlled terms:Algorithms - Capacitors - Electric load forecasting - Optimization Uncontrolled terms:Distribution lines - Improved TS algorithm - Local control strategies - Reactive power compensation - System control Classification code:704.1 Electric Components - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.041 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 9> Accession number:20112714112596Title:Effects of tea tree oil fumigation on disease and quality of postharvest strawberry fruits Authors:Cheng, Sai (1); Shao, Xingfeng (1); Guo, Annan (1); Song, Yuxing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China Corresponding author:Shao, X. (shaoxingfeng@nbu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:383-388 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of tea tree oil on the preservation of strawberry fruits, strawberries inoculated with Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer spores were fumigated by tea tree oil with different concentration and time, and then stored at 20°C to observe the decay development. In vitro experiment, it was investigated on the inhibition of spore germination and mycelia growth of both pathogens by fumigation treatment, and also the effects of tea tree oil treatment on the change of quality during storage. The results showed that tea tree oil fumigation treatment reduced the decay incidence and lesion diameter of gray mold or mildew root, inhibited the spores germination and hyphae growth of pathogens. It also reduced the weight loss and maintained higher hardness, soluble solid and titratable acid content of strawberry fruits. Therefore, tea tree oil fumigation treatment for fresh strawberries is feasible, and the treatment at 2000 mg/L with 3 h treatment time can prolong the shelf life of fresh fruits. Number of references:23 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Cultivation - Fumigation - Plant extracts Uncontrolled terms:Botrytis cinerea - Fresh fruits - Fumigation treatment - In-vitro - Lesion diameter - Mycelia growth - Postharvest - Shelf life - Soluble solids - Spore germination - Strawberry - Strawberry fruits - Tea tree oil - Titratable acid - Treatment time - Weight loss Classification code:461.9 Biology - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.067 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 10> Accession number:20112714112588Title:Research and implementation of recognition algorithm based on gray scale of watermelon seeds Authors:Zhao, Jiwen (1); Wei, Zhengcui (1); Wang, Yang (1); Gao, Shang (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230011, China Corresponding author:Zhao, J. (ustczjw@ustc.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:340-344 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to sort the normal watermelon seeds, according to the characteristics of watermelon seeds, a feature extraction algorithm based on the gray scale was proposed, and its verification tests was carried out on a CCD color sorter. In the seeds image pre-processing, the contrast adaptive histogram equalization of the seeds image was executed. Then, after the median filter of the histogram equalization images, the value of the gray scale of the watermelon seeds was extracted as the classification characteristic quantity. The classification characteristic quantity was trained on the CCD color sorter, and the normal seeds were picked out finally with 95% recognition rate. The algorithm can provide theoretical support and technical realization for the classification and recognition of watermelon seeds. Number of references:15 Main heading:Seed Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Electric filters - Feature extraction - Graphic methods - Image processing Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive histogram equalization - Classification and recognition - Feature extraction algorithms - Gray scale - Histogram equalizations - Image preprocessing - Median filter - Recognition algorithm - Recognition rates - Technical realization - Verification tests - Watermelon seeds Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 703.2 Electric Filters DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.059 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 11> Accession number:20112714112591Title:Inactivation mechanism of pulsed electric fields on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Authors:Li, Jing (1); Liao, Xiaojun (1); Zhong, Kui (1); Zhang, Yan (1) Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutrient Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Liao, X. (liaoxjun@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:355-360 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To explore the mechanism of inactivation of microorganisms exposed to pulsed electric fields (PEF), protein content, intracellular enzymes and DNA of PEF-treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were investigated by Lowry, SDS-PAGE, APIZYM kit and flow cytometry methods. Results showed that, after PEF treatment, the protein concentration in cells decreased significantly (p<0.05), and the protein bands pattern was smeared with disappearance of bands of both small molecular weight and molecular mass ≥60 kD. The activities of all the 13 selected enzymes of S. cerevisiae were reduced in various degrees by PEF treatment. Decreases in DNA content and DNA denaturation were also identified. Therefore, the inactivation of microorganisms treated by PEF was related to the inactivation of intracellular enzymes, the leakage or denaturation of cellular protein and DNA. Number of references:25 Main heading:Yeast Controlled terms:Catalysts - DNA - Electric fields - Enzymes - Flow cytometry - Microorganisms - Proteins Uncontrolled terms:Cellular proteins - DNA content - DNA denaturation - Inactivation - Inactivation mechanisms - Intracellular enzyme - Protein bands - Protein concentrations - Protein contents - Pulsed electric field - S.cerevisiae - Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells - SDS-PAGE Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 461.9 Biology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.062 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 12> Accession number:20112714112559Title:Measurement method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission of diesel engine Authors:Wang, Zhong (1); An, Yuguang (1); Xu, Guangju (1); Wang, Yucheng (1); Wang, Xiaozhe (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Wang, Z. (wangzhong@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:174-178 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of diesel engine exhaust were measured by a method of using Teflon filter and XAD-2 collection, as well as ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction and GC-MS analysis. The results showed that concentration of different component in PAHs and the peak area had a good linear relationship in the experimental concentration range, and the linear correlation coefficient was above 0.99. Linear range was wider with 0.0125-80 μg/mL. The method was more efficient for samples collection, and extraction efficiency was above 95%. The method had more repeatability, and relative standard deviation was less than 15%. Recoveries of filter samples were 70.1%-95.9%, the recoveries of adsorbent samples were 77.0%-102.6%. The method had higher sensitivity with minimum detection limit of 0.04 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, so it can be used for rapid analysis of PAHs content on diesel engine. Number of references:9 Main heading:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Controlled terms:Adsorption - Aromatic compounds - Aromatization - Diesel engines - Exhaust systems (engine) - Extraction - Hydrocarbons - Ultrasonic applications Uncontrolled terms:Concentration ranges - Detection limits - Diesel engine exhaust - Extraction efficiencies - Filter sample - GC/MS analysis - Linear correlation coefficient - Linear range - Linear relationships - Measurement methods - Peak area - Polycyclic aromatics - Rapid analysis - Relative standard deviations - Soxhlet extraction - Teflon filters - Ultrasonic extraction Classification code:612 Engines - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.030 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 13> Accession number:20112714112567Title:Monitoring rice growth stages based on time series HJ-1A/1B CCD images Authors:Yang, Hao (1); Huang, Wenjiang (1); Wang, Jihua (1); Yang, Guijun (1); Tu, Naimei (2); Yang, Xiaodong (1); Wang, Dacheng (1) Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China Corresponding author:Huang, W. (huangwj@nercita.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:219-224 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Crop growth stages information in large-scale is crucial to guide the management and decision-making in agriculture production. In order to obtain a precise information, a wavelet-based method for estimating rice growth stages was proposed based on 42 cloudless HJ-1A/1B CCD images in Hunan's double cropping rice growth period in 2009 and 2010. Firstly, a time-series EVI dataset at day frequency at pixel scale was built by linear interpolation. Then a profile, which reflects the rice growth process, was produced by filtering based on wavelet analysis. At last, the critical growth stages could be estimated according to the characteristics of the curve. As an example, 20 parcels in situ investigation for rice heading date in Yuanjiang City were used to verify the results, and the wavelet-based method was compared to those based on non-symmetrical Gaussian function and Savitzky-Golay filtering. The result showed that the proposed method, with an average error of 3 days which was less than the latter's errors, could accurately monitor heading date of double cropping rice. This method is available in monitoring rice crop growth stages. Number of references:15 Main heading:Time series analysis Controlled terms:Crops - Decision making - Time series - Wavelet analysis Uncontrolled terms:Average errors - CCD images - Critical growth - Crop growth - Data sets - Double cropping - Gaussian functions - Growth period - Growth process - Growth stages - Heading date - HJ-1A/1B CCD - In-situ - Linear Interpolation - Rice - Rice crops - Savitzky Golay Filtering - Wavelet analysis method - Wavelet-based methods Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.038 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 14> Accession number:20112714112581Title:Analysis on pattern changes and traits of rural residential areas during 30 years in Three Gorges Reservoir Area Authors:Zhou, Wei (1); Cao, Yingui (1); Wang, Jing (2); Yuan, Chun (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Land Key Laboratory of China Land Survey and Plan Institute, Beijing 100035, China Corresponding author:Zhou, W. (zhouw@cugb.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:294-300 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to analyze on pattern changes and traits of rural residential areas during 30 years in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and provide the basis for rational use of rural residential areas and potential mining. Apply of combining of the methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses, analyze on the changing rules from the whole to the local. The results are that, 1) Rural residential areas are located surrounding the urban areas, and distributed along the river bank, while rural residential areas are small in the middle and downstream area. 2) The increasing of rural residential areas is due to occupying cultivated land, forestry land and grassland, and rural residential areas occupying cultivated land is gradually reducing because of the policy of cultivated land protection. 3) Regional differences are relatively large about rural residential area changes, and the scale is enlarging from scattering to concentrating, the compact degree is relatively low, the potential of intensive use is large. The conclusion is that the research can understand the structure and changing traits of rural residential areas. Number of references:21 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Agriculture - Rivers - Rural areas - Spatial variables measurement Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Downstream areas - Pattern - Pattern change - Qualitative and quantitative analysis - Residential areas - River bank - Spatial variables - Three gorges reservoir area - Urban areas Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 407.2 Waterways - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.052 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 15> Accession number:20112714112536Title:Coupled model for conjunctive use of water resources in the Yellow River irrigation district Authors:Yue, Weifeng (1); Yang, Jinzhong (2); Zhan, Chesheng (3) Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing 100101, China Corresponding author:Yue, W. (yuewf@bnu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:35-40 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:As water resources becoming increasingly scarce, sustainable use of water resources is a key problem for development of Hetao Irrigation District, China. The coupled model for conjunctive use of water resources was established by dynamically coupling numerical simulated model for groundwater with optimal allocation model of water resources. In the coupled model, groundwater level was adopted as a constraint condition and the optimal conjunctive utilization quantity of surface water and groundwater was set as the objective function. Finally, the coupled model was applied for optimizing allocation of the water resources of Hetao Irrigation District in 2020 and 2030. The results showed that the water from the Yellow River in 2020 and 2030 would reach 3.915×10<sup>9</sup> and 3.854×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/a, respectively. Therefore, the surface water wonld be reduced to the national limited amount of 4.0×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/a by adjusting wellcanal-irrigated area and industry structure appropriately. The research result can offer a valuable reference for efficiently using water resources and preventing the salinization for other similar regions. Number of references:12 Main heading:Groundwater resources Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Groundwater - Irrigation - Optimization - Rivers Uncontrolled terms:Conjunctive use - Constraint conditions - Coupled models - Industry structures - Irrigation districts - Objective functions - Optimal allocation - Research results - Simulated model - Sustainable use - Yellow river Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.007 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 16> Accession number:20112714112541Title:Regional runoff study based on MODCYCLE distributed hydrology model Authors:Zhang, Jun'e (1); Lu, Chuiyu (1); Qin, Dayong (1); Guo, Yingxin (1); Ge, Huaifeng (1) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Water Resources in China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China Corresponding author:Zhang, J. (zh_june@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:65-71 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to analyze temporal and spatid variation law and distributed features of regional runoff on different underlaying surface, MODCYCLE model, which is a distributed hydrology model with physical mechanism and recently developed by department of water resources in IWHR, was used in a case of study of Tianjin. On the base of considering the soil, land use and precipitation characteristics, MODCYCLE model applied the revised Green-Ampt equation with pond water system to calculate runoff. Results showed that: 1) Average runoff coefficient was about 16% on whole region between 1997 and 2004 in Tianjin, but the coefficient on land area was less than 10%. 2) The runoff on land area was mainly focused on northern hilly, central urban area, and eastern coastal regions, but the runoff on water was mainly focused on central and southeast areas. 3) Between coefficients of some parts on land area, the coefficient of urban area was biggest, up to 44.1%, the coefficient of residential-low density area was also bigger, as 24.5%, but coefficients of forest and grass were less than 10%, the farm land had almost no runoff because of the field ridge. Number of references:21 Main heading:Runoff Controlled terms:Coastal zones - Geologic models - Hydrology - Lakes - Ternary systems - Water resources - Waterworks Uncontrolled terms:Green-Ampt - Hydrology models - MODCYCLE model - Pond water - Tianjin Classification code:531.1 Metallurgy - 481.1 Geology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 446 Waterworks - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.012 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 17> Accession number:20112714112576Title:Removal effects of Bidens frondosa on pollutants in swine wastewater Authors:Zhang, Caiying (1); Wang, Yanyan (1); Wang, Yan (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (2) School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China Corresponding author:Wang, Y. (wangyan371@zzu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:264-269 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate removal effects of Bidens frondosa on several pollutants in swine wastewater, experiments were carried out by aggregate culture to study the growth characteristics and removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of Bidens frondosa in swine wastewater. The results showed that the plant could grow normally in the wastewater with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 100 mg/L, and plant biomass dry weight was 245.8 g, its accumulated amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in individual plant was 5.63 and 0.42 g respectively. At the treatment capacity of 9 L and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) 7 d, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and COD were above 80% and the average removal rate of the total phosphorus was above 60% in the period vegetative growth and flower fruit of Bidens frondosa. Therefore, Bidens frondosa can be applied to constructed wetland, which had better bearing dirty ability and treatment performances on swine wastewater. Number of references:19 Main heading:Nitrogen removal Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Ammonia - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Pollution - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment - Wetlands Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate culture - Ammonia nitrogen - Bidens frondosa - Constructed wetlands - Dry weight - Growth characteristic - Hydraulic retention time - Plant biomass - Removal rate - Swine wastewater - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorus - Treatment capacity - Treatment performance - Vegetative growth Classification code:804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 442.2 Land Reclamation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.047 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 18> Accession number:20112714112557Title:Fuel economy and emissions of ethanol-diesel blends with different proportions Authors:Chen, Zhenbin (1); Ni, Jimin (1); Ye, Nianye (1); Yu, Feng (1); Xiao, Mingwei (2); He, Jinge (2) Author affiliation:(1) Automotive College, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China Corresponding author:Chen, Z. (ebin1208@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:164-169 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to research fuel economy and emissions of ethanol-diesel blends, based on engine bench test and chassis dynamometer test, the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of a 2-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine and a diesel passenger car in use were measured. The results indicated that without any modifications on the diesel engine, ethanol-diesel blends could proper improve fuel economy and reduce the emissions of smokes and NO<inf>X</inf>, but the emissions of HC increased. Besides, properly reducing the fuel supply advance angles was beneficial to improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. In the case of vehicle testing, which fueled with E10, the fuel consumption reduced at middle and high speeds, and also the emissions of PM and NO<inf>X</inf> reduced after the cold starting at normal temperature. Therefore, the research results can provide practical references for the improvement of fuel economy and characteristics of ethanol-diesel blends. Number of references:15 Main heading:Fuel economy Controlled terms:Automobiles - Diesel engines - Direct injection - Dynamometers - Engine cylinders - Ethanol - Fuels - Steel metallurgy Uncontrolled terms:Chassis dynamometer tests - Diesel passenger car - Direct injection diesel engines - Engine bench tests - Ethanol-diesel blend - Exhaust emission - Fuel supply advance angle - Research results - Vehicle testing Classification code:943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 662.1 Automobiles - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 545.3 Steel - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.028 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 19> Accession number:20112714112535Title:Experiments on hydraulic characteristics of roll wave for sheet flow with artificial rough bed Authors:Zhang, Kuandi (1); Wang, Guangqian (3); Wang, Zhanli (2); Liu, Jun'e (2); Lü, Hongxing (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Yangling 712100, China; (3) Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Corresponding author:Lü, H. (lvhongxing@tom.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:28-34 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate hydraulic characteristics of slope shallow flow, changes in hydraulic parameters of slope shallow flow on the bed with uniform roughness (artificial roughness of 0.3850 mm in diameter) at 5 slope gradients and 17 unit width discharges were studied from the viewpoint of fluid mechanics and sediment transport mechanics. Results showed that indexes of flow regime for slope shallow flow varied from 0.33 to 0.43 and the indexes can be used to indicate some hydraulic relationships comprehensively. Velocity of rolling wave flow increased with discharge increase and was affected by gradient slightly. Wave length changed with discharge in the form of single peak, i. e., it increased with discharge increase at first and then decreased after the single peak. The peak was corresponding to the unit width discharge of 0.278 L/(s·m). The frequency of rolling wave decreased with increasing flow path length and the averaged attenuation coefficient of frequency raised with unit width discharge increase.. Under the experiment conditions, the critical Froude number for unstable laminar flow was about 0.64 and the critical Froude number for the unstable turbulent flow was about 2.13. Number of references:21 Main heading:Buoyancy Controlled terms:Anoxic sediments - Contacts (fluid mechanics) - Experiments - Froude number - Laminar flow - Mechanics - Sediment transport Uncontrolled terms:Artificial roughness - Attenuation coefficient - Experiment condition - Flow path - Flow regimes - Hydraulic characteristic - Hydraulic parameters - Overland flow - Roll waves - Rough bed - Sediment transport mechanics - Shallow flow - Sheetflows - Single peak - Slope gradients - Wave flow Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.1 Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.006 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 20> Accession number:20112714112530Title:Ecological landscaping strategy of rural land consolidation in China Authors:Yun, Wenju (1); Yu, Zhenrong (2) Author affiliation:(1) Centre of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing 100035, China; (2) Department of Ecology and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Corresponding author:Yun, W. (yunwenju@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:1-6 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The ecological and landscaping strategy and technologies of rural land consolidation in China were discussed aiming at providing solutions to the problems in China's rural land use and meeting the demands in rural landscape enhancement. The present land use problems in the rural area of China and the development of modern land consolidation were reviewed and the strategies, approaches and technical demands related to rural land consolidation were proposed. The landscape character should be assessed for the conservation and enhancement of the cultural and aesthetic value of rural landscape. Study on multifunctional land use should be strengthened to enhance the ecological services and landscape values, mainly including the construction of ecological network and green infrastructure in large scale, the enhancement and creation of the habitat and landscape quality in small scale. The eco-hydraulogical process of watershed should be studied for the control of non-point pollutions, mitigation and adaptation of climate change. The ecological and landscape engineering need to be studied for the improvement of land consolidation guideline, as well as the updating of land consolidation stewardship for the increase of the public participation. Number of references:31 Main heading:Ecology Controlled terms:Agriculture - Climate change - Climate control - Land use - Regional planning - Rural areas Uncontrolled terms:Aesthetic value - Ecological networks - Ecological services - Green infrastructure - Land consolidation - Land use problems - Nonpoint pollutions - Public participation - Rural development - Rural land use - Rural landscape - Rural landscapes - Small scale - Technical demands Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 451 Air Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.001 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 21> Accession number:20112714112534Title:Soil-water conservation effects of slope land use pattern changes Authors:She, Dongli (1); Shao, Ming'an (3); Xue, Yafeng (4); Yu, Shuang'en (1) Author affiliation:(1) Lab. of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing 100100, China; (4) Huaihe River Commission of Water Resources Ministry, Bengbu 233001, China Corresponding author:Shao, M. (shaoma@igshrr.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:22-27 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Objective of this study was to understand the soil-water conservation effects of slope land use pattern changes on the Loess Plateau. Korshinsk peashrub, plowland (mung bean) and alfalfa land were selected to develop mixed land use patterns by spatial arrangement. Through two years (2007-2008) field observations, the effects of land use patterns on soil moisture, soil bulk density and runoff-sediment yield were studied in plot scale. Kriging interpolation calculation showed that soil surface moisture and bulk density in mixed land-use pattern plots (including korshinsk peashrub-mung bean-alfalfa plot; alfalfa-mung bean-korshinsk peashrub plot; korshinsk peashrub-alfalfa-mung bean plot; mung bean-alfalfa-korshinsk peashrub plot) had apparent characteristics of plaque mosaic pattern, which were uniform with land-use structures and easy to form self-regulation system for runoff-erosion controlling. These land use patterns appeared good effect on absorbing the runoff and trapped sediments, compared to single plowland usage. Korshinsk peashrub-mung bean-alfalfa plot had the smallest annual erosion modulus, and the erosion reduction rate in the two years research reached to 98% and 94%, respectively. Creating a mosaic pattern by land use arrangement was one of the important measures in controlling soil erosion. Number of references:15 Main heading:Land use Controlled terms:Anoxic sediments - Erosion - Forestry - Interpolation - Runoff - Sedimentology - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Water conservation Uncontrolled terms:Bulk density - Erosion reduction - Field observations - Kriging interpolation - Land use pattern - Land-use patterns - Loess Plateau - Mosaic patterns - Mungbeans - Runoff-sediment yield - Soil bulk density - Soil erosion - Soil surfaces - Soil-water conservation - Spatial arrangements - Spatial variables - Wind-water erosion crisscross region Classification code:821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.005 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 22> Accession number:20112714112571Title:Capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage units in wind/solar generation system Authors:Wu, Hongbin (1); Chen, Bin (1); Guo, Caiyun (1) Author affiliation:(1) Photovoltaic System Research Center of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China Corresponding author:Wu, H. (hfwuhongbin@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:241-245 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Through allocating suitable capacity of battery-ultracapacitor hybrid storage unit, the continuity and reliability of wind-solar complementary generation system could be improved. Based on the steady-state models of wind power, solar power, battery and ultracapacitor, the capacity optimization model of the battery-ultracapacitor hybrid system was established in this paper. Considering various constraints, the multi-objective optimization functions of battery-ultracapacitor hybrid system were proposed and solved with the genetic algorithm. With the example system, it demonstrated the correctness and validity of the proposed models and algorithms. The method can provide a reference for the capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage units in wind/solar generation system. Number of references:15 Main heading:Capacitor storage Controlled terms:Capacitors - Energy storage - Flywheels - Genetic algorithms - Hybrid computers - Hybrid systems - Land vehicle propulsion - Multiobjective optimization - Solar energy - Wind power Uncontrolled terms:Battery - Capacity optimization - Generating system - Hybrid energy storage - Ultracapacitors Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 722.5 Analog and Hybrid Computers - 704.1 Electric Components - 702 Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 682.1.2 Locomotives - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 615.2 Solar Power - 601.1 Mechanical Devices DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.042 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 23> Accession number:20112714112575Title:Effect of solid-liquid separation on utilization of dairy manure Authors:Guan, Zhengjun (1); Li, Wenzhe (1); Zheng, Guoxiang (1); Bi, Lanping (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Li, W. (liwenzhe9@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:259-263 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Pretreatment may increase the effect of dairy manure utilization, In this paper, dairy manure with water was separated using screw solid-liquid separator, fiber content of solid matter and separated liquid, heat value of solid matter and viscosity coefficient and C/N ratio of separated liquid were investigated. Solid matters were pressed into block by press mounding machine, providing fuel for temperature raising and maintaining in biogas fermentation. Anaerobic fermentation tests were carried and contrasted by using separated liquid and integrated original dairy manure. Results showed that methane-producing rate could be improved and hydraulic retention time decreased for separated liquid fermentation. Gas-producing rate of separated liquid increased by 32.68% than that of original dairy manure when materials VS were 4.86% and 4.98% with 30% inoculums at (35±2)°C, respectively. The results can provide references for reclamation of dairy manure in high-cold areas. Number of references:20 Main heading:Liquids Controlled terms:Biogas - Fermentation - Hydraulic machinery - Liquid methane - Manures - Methane - Presses (machine tools) - Water content Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas fermentation - C/N ratio - Dairy manure - Dairy manures - Fiber contents - Heat value - Hydraulic retention time - Pre-Treatment - Press mounding - Solid matter - Solid-liquid separation - Solid-liquid separators - Viscosity coefficient Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 523 Liquid Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 444 Water Resources - 522 Gas Fuels DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.046 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 24> Accession number:20112714112558Title:Combustion and emission characteristics of thermal cracking biogas engine at idle speed Authors:Zhang, Qiang (1); Li, Na (2); Wang, Zhiming (1) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China; (2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jinan University, Ji'nan 250022, China Corresponding author:Zhang, Q. (sduzq01@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:170-173 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study the combustion characteristics of biogas engine and the method to control its emissions at idle speed, the low heat thermal cracking biogas was used as the fuel for the biogas engine. Heat release rate, combustion parameters and emission characteristics of the biogas engine at idle speed were analyzed by gathering the indicator diagram and emission index of the spark-ignition biogas engine. The experimental results showed that incomplete combustion and variety of combustion parameters were mainly caused by fluctuation of the charge in the cylinder and difference of the flame expansion. When the idle misfire or incomplete combustion happened, the exhaust of CO at idle speed could reach 4.07%-4.32%, the exhaust of HC could reach 350×10<sup>-6</sup>-400×10<sup>-6</sup> and the carbon exhaust could reach 0.2-0.4 BSU. The abnormal combustion and the emissions at idle speed can be improved effectively by reducing the fluctuation of the charge in the cylinder. Number of references:12 Main heading:Ignition Controlled terms:Biogas - Cracking (chemical) - Engines - Speed Uncontrolled terms:Abnormal combustion - Biogas engines - Combustion characteristics - Combustion parameters - Emission characteristics - Emission index - Flame expansion - Heat release rates - Idle speed - Incomplete combustion - Indicator diagram - Thermal cracking Classification code:521.1 Fuel Combustion - 522 Gas Fuels - 612 Engines - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 931.1 Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.029 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 25> Accession number:20112714112540Title:Confirmation of critical distance between hedgerows for non-point pollution control based on hydro-dynamics in purple soil area Authors:Ma, Yun (1); He, Binghui (1); He, Jianlin (1); Wu, Yong (3); Xiang, Minghui (4); Chen, Yun (1); Tang, Chunxia (1); Guo, Tian (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Soil and Water Conservation Office of Anju District of Suining City, Suining 629006, China; (4) Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station in Suining, Suining 629006, China Corresponding author:He, B. (hebinghui@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:60-64 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To confirm suitable distance between hedgerows for controlling non-point pollution in purple soil area, its control mechanism for the cropland under different distance between L. leucocephala hedgerows of 10° and 15° gradient cropland was analyzed based on hydro-dynamics and observed data of many years in Suining soil and water conservation experimental station. The results indicated that the hedgerows could effectively control soil erosion between hedgerows under the natural precipitation condition if runoff velocity was less than or equal to the start-up velocity of the soil particle(<0.02 mm) while rill erosion was occurring in purple soil area. Through studying the derivation of rill erosion process, it showed that the largest distance between hedgerows for 10° and 15° gradient sloping cropland was 13.73 and 9.00 m respectively. When runoff velocity and start-up velocity of soil particle (<0.02 mm) were in the critical starting condition at the time of rill erosion occurring, the smallest runoff velocity of 10° and 15° gradient slope was 0.183 and 0.190 m/s respectively. It was the main nutrient loss way through soil particle loss on the surface soil, controlling soil particle loss by hedgerow played an important role in the process of non-point pollution control. Number of references:19 Main heading:Soil pollution control Controlled terms:Erosion - Fluid dynamics - Pollution - Pollution induced corrosion - Precipitation (chemical) - Runoff - Soil conservation - Soils - Velocity - Water conservation Uncontrolled terms:Control mechanism - Critical distance - Distance between hedgerows - Experimental stations - Hedgerow - Nonpoint pollutions - Nutrient loss - Observed data - Rill erosion - Runoff velocity - Soil and water conservation - Soil erosion - Soil particles - Start-ups - Surface soil Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 931.1 Mechanics - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 444 Water Resources - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444.1 Surface Water DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.011 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 26> Accession number:20112714112563Title:Digital photo geocoding and indexing method for field data collection Authors:Meng, Zhijun (1); Zhao, Chunjiang (1); Liu, Hui (2); Chen, Jingping (1); Fu, Weiqiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China Corresponding author:Meng, Z. (mengzj@nercita.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:196-200 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A kind of automatic digital photo geocoding method based on time threshold, photo indexing and hotlink was developed for precision agriculture field data collection and management. By this method, field multimedia GIS software was developed with functions of digital photo collection, automatic synchronization and geocoding, indexing, hotlink and data conversion as an integrated flow. This software supports different data collection ways such as common digital cameras with hand-held GPS devices, digital cameras with built-in GPS module or smart hand-held PDA with GPS and video camera, which can achieve dynamic photo indexing and linking under GIS environment. Validity and practicality of the method and software were tested by application on field facilities distribution geo-referenced multimedia data collection and process. Number of references:16 Main heading:Data acquisition Controlled terms:Computer graphics - Data handling - Digital cameras - Digital devices - Indexing (of information) - Software testing - Video cameras Uncontrolled terms:Automatic synchronization - Data collection - Data conversion - Digital photo collections - Digital photos - Field data collection - Field facilities - Geo coding - Geo-referenced multimedia - GIS software - Hand-held GPS - Indexing methods - Photo indexing - Precision Agriculture - Software support - Time thresholds Classification code:721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.034 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 27> Accession number:20112714112533Title:Application of fuzzy control to automatic water-saving irrigation of rice Authors:Kuang, Yingchun (1); Shen, Yue (2); Duan, Jiannan (3); Yao, Bangsong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (2) College of Information Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China Corresponding author:Kuang, Y. (kyc7716@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:18-21 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Timely and moderate automatic irrigation based on the water requirement level of rice is a water-saving and energy-efficient way to increase the yield and improve the quality of rice. But water requirement level varies during the different period of rice growth and this makes it very difficult to implement automatic irrigation in rice field. This study took the field humidity and water requirement level obtained by using humidity sensor and stylus respectively as the automatic irrigation index, humidity and the change rate as inputs and the irrigation time as output to build a fuzzy control system. This system uses pump as control unit to achieve automatic irrigation. Simulation irrigations and pilot study show that the control process of the system is stable. Compared with artificial irrigation, this system can save water by 10%. The research work can provide a reference for timely, moderate and automatic irrigation of rice. Number of references:14 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Energy efficiency - Engineering research - Fuzzy control - Humidity control - Soil moisture - Water conservation - Water levels Uncontrolled terms:Automatic irrigation - Control process - Control unit - Energy efficient - Pilot studies - Rice - Rice fields - System use - Water requirements - Water-saving - Water-saving irrigation Classification code:921 Mathematics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources - 402 Buildings and Towers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.004 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 28> Accession number:20112714112546Title:Application of planetary gear train with eccentric gears and non-circular gear in backward rotary transplanting mechanism Authors:Yu, Gaohong (1); Zhang, Weiwei (1); Sun, Liang (1); Zhao, Yun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci.-Technol. University, Hangzhou 310018, China Corresponding author:Zhao, Y. (zhaoyun@zstu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:100-105 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to work requirements of walking-type rice transplanter, backward rotary transplanting mechanism with eccentric gears and non-circular gear was developed, in which planetary gear train with eccentric gears and non-circular gear were used. In this paper, the kinematic characteristics of planetary gear train with eccentric gears and non-circular gear were analyzed and kinematic models of the transplanting mechanism were established. Based on the optimization software, which was developed by the authors, parameters of the transplanting mechanism were optimized and the one which met the work requirements of walking-type rice transplanter was given by the method of man-machine conversation. Virtual prototype test was performed after finishing the 2D and 3D design of the transplanting mechanism, and the results showed that the transplanting mechanism can create static locus which looks like a 'dolphin' in shape and meet the work requirements of walking-type rice transplanter. Number of references:15 Main heading:Epicyclic gears Controlled terms:Kinematics - Optimization - Three dimensional Uncontrolled terms:3D design - Backward rotary transplanting mechanism - Eccentric gears - Kinematic characteristics - Kinematic model - Non-circular gears - Optimization software - Planetary gear train - Rice transplanter - Transplanters - Virtual prototype - Work requirements Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.017 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 29> Accession number:20112714112579Title:Optimization of technical parameters for preparing fiber from rice straw Authors:Han, Yongjun (1); Chen, Haitao (1); Liu, Lixue (1); Li, Hao (1) Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Han, Y. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:281-286 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A central composite rotatable orthogonal experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to find the optimum technical parameters combination for preparing fiber from rice straw by the straw extruder testbed. Obtainable fiber percentage, the ratio of length to width of the fiber and anti-tensile index were selected as responses, and five factors, such as the length of rice straw, soaking time of straw into water, initial temperature of extruding press, screw rotary speed and feed rate were selected as input variables with five levels respectively. The results indicated that under the condition of an optimum combination that the length of rice straw being 10~14 cm, soaking time being 12~24 h, initial temperature of extruding press being 25°C, screw rotary speed being 70 r/min and feed rate being 60 g/min, the ratio of length to width of the fiber was over 40, anti-tensile index was more than 10 N·m/g and obtainable fiber percentage attained was more than 85%. Number of references:17 Main heading:Fibers Controlled terms:Presses (machine tools) - Screws - Straw Uncontrolled terms:Central composite - Feed-rates - Input variables - Optimum combination - Orthogonal experimental design - Response Surface Methodology - Rice straws - Rotary speed - Soaking time Classification code:603.1 Machine Tools, General - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.050 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 30> Accession number:20112714112554Title:Unsteady flow pressure fluctuation of high-specific-speed mixed-flow pump Authors:Shi, Weidong (1); Zou, Pingping (1); Zhang, Desheng (1); Zhou, Ling (1) Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China Corresponding author:Zou, P. (zpp.87.08@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:147-152 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate the pressure fluctuation induced by the rotor-stator interactions of the mixed-flow pump, the standard turbulent k-Ε model and SIMPLEC algorithm were applied to simulate the unsteady flow in a high-specific-speed mixed-flow pump. The pressure fluctuations at four representative locations under multi-conditions were obtained, and the time-domain and frequency-domain of each monitoring point were analyzed. Comparison of calculated steady flow head and efficiency with the test results verified that the inner flow characteristic simulated by this calculation method was comparatively accurate. The numerical results showed that the maximum pressure fluctuation appeared at impeller inlet where the pressure coefficient amplitude increased gradually from hub to rim; the fluctuation at impeller inlet became stronger with the deviation of flow rate from design point and the relative fluctuation at 0.7Q<inf>opt</inf> was about 0.5 time stronger than that at the design flow rate. The frequency domain transformed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) showed that the dominant frequency was approximate to the blade passing frequency. The numerical results can provide certain theoretical references to reveal the pressure fluctuation in the mixed-flow pump. Number of references:16 Main heading:Inlet flow Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Fast Fourier transforms - Flow rate - Frequency domain analysis - Impellers - Numerical analysis - Pumps - Time domain analysis - Unsteady flow Uncontrolled terms:Blade passing frequency - Calculation methods - Design flow rate - Design points - Dominant frequency - Flow pressure - Frequency domains - High specific speed - Impeller inlets - Inner flow - Maximum pressure - Mixed flow pump - Monitoring points - Numerical results - Pressure coefficients - Pressure fluctuation - Rotor-stator interactions - SIMPLEC algorithm - Test results - Time domain Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.025 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 31> Accession number:20112714112551Title:Design of map-based indoor variable weed spraying system Authors:Yin, Dongfu (1); Chen, Shuren (1); Pei, Wenchao (1); Shen, Baoguo (2) Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Zhenjiang Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Chen, S. (srchen@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:131-134 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve herbicide efficiency, a map-based variable weed spraying system was designed. The core of this system was S3C2410 microprocessor. In the linux environment, the system could achieve different nozzles combinations and four spraying capacity according to weed distribution map. The map was created after MATLAB software processed weeds images which collected by machine vision system. Some key issues in prescription map production were discussed, such as weed identification, weed location and area calculation, meshing, weed location, the relationship between nozzle height and distance. The spraying system was tested on indoor test-bed, when the spraying system pressure was 0.1 MPa, the conveyor speed was 0.4 m/s. The results showed that over 90% of 50 weeds was sprayed. Compared with traditional spraying methods this system could save over 60% of the herbicide. The designed spraying system provided a reference for the study on real-time variable target spraying weed robot. Number of references:11 Main heading:Spray nozzles Controlled terms:Computer operating systems - Computer vision - Herbicides - Real variables - Weed control Uncontrolled terms:Area calculation - Linux environment - Machine vision systems - Matlab- software - Prescription map - Real-time variable - S3C2410 - Spraying system - Weed identification Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.022 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 32> Accession number:20112714112578Title:Effects of steam explosion and microbial fermentation on corn straw degradation Authors:Chang, Juan (1); Yin, Qingqiang (1); Ren, Tianbao (3); Zhang, Bailiang (3); Song, Andong (3); Zuo, Ruiyu (1); Lu, Min (1); Liu, Junxi (2) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (2) Henan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Feed Microbiology, Zhoukou 466000, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (4) Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China Corresponding author:Yin, Q. (QQZ22@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:277-280 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The effects of steam explosion (2.5 MPa, 200 s) and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation on corn straw degradation were evaluated according to the changes of compositions and enzyme activities in the fermented products. The results showed that the steam explosion pre-treatment for corn straw could make the degradation rates of cellose, hemicelluloses and lignin reach to 8.47%, 50.45% and 36.65%, respectively (P<0.05). After pretreated with steam explosion the corn straw was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae for 6 days, the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the fermented corn straw were decreased by 27.89% and 64.80% respectively, compared with the original corn straw (P<0.05). The filter paper cellulase, CMCase, amylase and protease activities in the fermented products were 335.10, 1138.92, 1954.20 and 201.99 U/g, respectively. Pre-treating with steam explosion and followed by Aspergillus oryzae fermentation seems to be a prospective method for corn straw degradation and application. Number of references:15 Main heading:Steam Controlled terms:Aspergillus - Cellulose - Degradation - Explosions - Explosives - Fermentation Uncontrolled terms:Aspergillus Oryzae - Corn straws - Degradation rate - Filter papers - Microbial fermentation - Pre-Treatment - Protease activities - Steam explosion Classification code:461.9 Biology - 614 Steam Power Plants - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.049 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 33> Accession number:20112714112582Title:Reclamation optimal design of high-speed railway temporary facilities prefabrication yard construction land Authors:Ding, Ning (1); Jin, Xiaobin (1); Hu, Jing (1); Zhou, Yinkang (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Corresponding author:Jin, X. (jinxb@nju.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:301-309 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Large temporary facilities in high-speed railway construction have the characteristics of large area and deep damage extent, which lead to the difficulties in reclamation. Its reclamation optimal design is the previous condition to determine the reclamation direction reasonably and improve the utilization efficiency of land. Based on the engineering division, reclamation partition setting, reclamation suitability assessment and reclamation input-output analysis of large temporary facilities construction land, by using DEA model to evaluate the efficiencies of different reclamation directions, the reclamation optimization plans were made and Jiangyin prefabrication yard of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was taken as an example to study. The results showed that the area of reclamation, adjusting and non-reclamation area of Jiangyin prefabrication yard respectively were 8.69, 5.54 and 1.49 hm<sup>2</sup>. For the adjusting area, the optimal reclamation directions for the beam making area, the steel processing area and the beam storage zone were agriculture facilities land while the optimal reclamation directions for other sub-zone were forestlands. Number of references:18 Main heading:Reclamation Controlled terms:Data envelopment analysis - Land reclamation - Optimal systems - Optimization - Railroad engineering - Railroad transportation - Railroads Uncontrolled terms:Construction land - Damage extent - DEA models - Forestlands - High-speed railway - High-speed railways - Input output analysis - Land consolidation - Optimal design - Steel processing - Storage zones - Temporary facilities - Utilization efficiency Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 682 Railroad Rolling Stock - 681 Railway Plant and Structures - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 433.1 Railroad Transportation, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.053 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 34> Accession number:20112714112542Title:Modeling preferential flow in unsaturated soil using active region model and its sensitivity analysis Authors:Sheng, Feng (1); Zhang, Renduo (3); Liu, Huihai (4) Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science and Water Hazard Prevention, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (3) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (4) Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States Corresponding author:Sheng, F. (shengf.china@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:72-80 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A total of 4 dye infiltration experiments, using iodine-starch staining method and Brilliant Blue dye staining method, were conducted in loam and sand with various initial and boundary conditions. The measured soil water content and solute concentration distributions resulted from preferential flow were simulated and predicted using active region model (ARM) and mobile-immobile region model (MIM), and were evaluated and compared using the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) analysis. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the impacts of ARM parameter (γ) on the predictions using ARM with various infiltration conditions. The model evaluation and comparison revealed that, ARM produced more accurate infiltration depth, and soil water content and solute concentration distributions predictions; the ARM captured the macroscopic behavior of preferential flow and transport. Sensitivity analysis revealed that, the predicted infiltration depth using ARM was more sensitive to ARM parameter (γ) when the ARM parameter (γ) was higher; while the predicted infiltration depth using ARM was less sensitive to the ARM parameter (γ) under higher infiltration amount and higher initial soil water content conditions. Number of references:22 Main heading:Sensitivity analysis Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Experiments - Forecasting - Geologic models - Groundwater flow - Iodine - Seepage - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Solute transport - Water content Uncontrolled terms:Active region model - Brilliant Blue - Macroscopic behaviors - Mobile-immobile region model - Model evaluation - Preferential flows - Root mean square errors - Soil water content - Solute concentrations - Staining method - Unsaturated soil Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 723.5 Computer Applications - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444.2 Groundwater DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.0013 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 35> Accession number:20112714112532Title:Experiments on effects of channel lining using fly ash-rice husk concrete on anti-permeability Authors:Zhang, Wenyu (1); Lou, Zongke (1); Li, Zhiyan (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Lou, Z. (zwyzll@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:12-17 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to meet the needs of canal lining for anti-permeability, the fly ash was incorporated into concrete to improve the anti-permeability of rice husk concrete. The influence of the content of fly ash, content of the rice husk and water-cement ration on the anti-permeability of rice husk concrete was analyzed. And the mix ratio of the rice husk concrete with the relative permeability coefficient less than 0.783×10<sup>-8</sup> cm/s were achieved by the experiment. The main effects in order were water-cement ratio>content of rice husk>content of fly ash. The relative coefficient of permeability of rice husk concrete showed the parabolic relationship that decreasing first then increasing with the increase of the content of fly ash and rice husk and a linear increase was observed with the water-cement ratio. The results proved that rice husk concrete with fly ash can improve anti-permeability without reduction in the thermal conductivity of concrete. Number of references:16 Main heading:Fly ash Controlled terms:Cements - Experiments - Hydraulic structures - Thermal conductivity - Water content Uncontrolled terms:Content of fly ash - Experimental - Impermeability - Relative permeability - Rice husk - Water-cement ratio Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 444 Water Resources - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 412.1 Cement DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.003 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 36> Accession number:20112714112544Title:Dynamic changes of pear jujube stem diameter and path analysis of MDS influencing factors with full irrigation Authors:Li, Xiaobin (1); Wang, Youke (1); Zhang, Ping (1) Author affiliation:(1) Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Graduate School of Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing 100049, China Corresponding author:Wang, Y. (gjzwyk@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:88-93 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To reveal the relationship between the variation of the maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) and the growth and development characteristics of pear jujube trees, field experiments were conducted to study the dynamic characteristics of trunk diameter for 3-year-old pear jujube with full irrigation. The path coefficients between MDS and meteorological factors (reference evapotranspiration ET<inf>0</inf>, daily mean temperature T<inf>m</inf>, temperature at midday T<inf>md</inf>, daily mean vapor press deficitVPD<inf>m</inf>, vapor press deficit at midday VPD<inf>md</inf> and net radiatio Rs) were analyzed and the main infuencing factors for precise irrigation schedule using MDS simulation equation were suggested. The results showed that the main reasons for trunk diameter changes were jujube's life activity and the volatility of the meteorological factors. In practice, the tree's invalid transpiration amount could be reduced and water use efficiency could be increased by pruning. Minimum daily trunk diameter (MNTD) increased significantly with fluctuation while maximum daily trunk diameter (MXTD) increased gently with time. The fluctuation intensity of MNTD was bigger than that of MXTD. T<inf>m</inf>, VPD<inf>m</inf> and R<inf>s</inf> had linear and positive influences on MDS as decision variables, and VPD<inf>m</inf> and Rs were the principal decision variables. ET<inf>0</inf>, T<inf>md</inf> and VPD<inf>md</inf> were the bound variables which had negative influences on MDS, but the effect was not significant. So pear jujube tree's growth and development could be improved by controlling temperature and sunshine, and VPD<inf>m</inf> and Rs should be given more consideration when establishing MDS simulation equations for precise irrigation. Some important factors that influenced MDS were not considered and these factors might include the other meteorological factors (such as relative humidity and daily temperature difference), the error of measuring and the phonological period and growth period of jujube, which were worth of further attention in further experiments. Number of references:17 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Decision making - Experiments - Fruits - Plant extracts - Presses (machine tools) - Regression analysis - Speech - Vapors - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Jujube - MDS - Meteorological factors - Path analysis - Stem diameter Classification code:912.2 Management - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 461.9 Biology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 751.5 Speech DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.015 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 37> Accession number:20112714112560Title:Compilation method of power train load spectrum of engineering vehicle Authors:Zhang, Yingshuang (1); Wang, Guoqiang (1); Wang, Jixin (1); Jia, Haibo (1); Zhang, Erping (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) Technology Center, Liugong Machinery Co. Ltd., Liuzhou 545007, China Corresponding author:Wang, J. (jxwang@jlu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:179-183 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To study the compilation method for load spectrum of engineering vehicle power transmission, the load signals of a wheel loader were collected in 5 typical cases. The operating cycle was divided into six operating sections for signal processing. The real load signals that reflect dynamic variation of torque loads, were obtained after signals pretreatment and characteristics analysis. The load signals of the rear drive flange were taken as an illustration. The measured load time histories were processed by means of rain flow counting method. After statistical analysis, it was found that the distributions of load amplitude and mean were independent and obeyed Weibull distribution with three-parameter and normal distribution respectively in shoveling section. The mean of the normal distribution was 1910 N·m, and the standard deviation was 537.8 N·m. According to the time proportion of typical cases, frequencies were extrapolated and synthesized. Two-dimensional load spectrum with 8×8 levels was established with joint probability distribution function. After two-dimensional load spectra were transformed into one-dimensional 8-level load spectra with Goodman method, the program loading spectrum of power transmission, which represent the factual load conditions, was compiled. This study can provide a foundation for accurate fatigue life prediction and fatigue test. Number of references:15 Main heading:Plasma diagnostics Controlled terms:Construction equipment - Distribution functions - Extrapolation - Fatigue of materials - Fatigue testing - Normal distribution - Power transmission - Signal processing - Spectrum analysis - Two dimensional - Vehicle transmissions - Weibull distribution Uncontrolled terms:Characteristics analysis - Compilation methods - Dynamic variations - Engineering vehicles - Fatigue life prediction - Fatigue tests - Goodman method - Joint probability - Load condition - Load signal - Load spectrum - Loading spectrum - Loads spectrum - Operating cycle - Power - Pre-Treatment - Rain flow counting method - Standard deviation - Time history - Torque loads - Wheel loaders Classification code:951 Materials Science - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 405.1 Construction Equipment DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.031 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 38> Accession number:20112714112593Title:Improving head rice rate with water cooling process Authors:Lan, Haipeng (1); Jia, Fuguo (1); Wang, Jitai (1); Zhang, Qiang (1); Fu, Qian (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Jia, F. (jfg204@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:366-369 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to reduce the formation and growth of cracks within milled rice kernel caused by air cooling before the further polishing process, a new technical process was explored. The influences of temperature of cooling water and cooling time on the final temperature of rice, and the effects of water cooling method on the head rice rate of polished rice were investigated on a self-design test-bed for the water-cooling rice. And the complex heat transfer coefficient of rice with water cooling method was determined. The head rice rate of rice after the polishing process was abtained with water and air cooling method respectively. Excel and SAS software were used to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that, the temperature of cooling water and cooling time had significant effects on the final temperature of rice; the complex heat transfer coefficient of rice of 181.13 kJ/(m<sup>2</sup>·°C·h) was determined; the head rice rate with water cooling was 4 to 9 percentage higher than that with air cooling method when the moisture content of the brown rice was 15%-16%. The results can provide a theoretical basis for water cooling method of rice and design of water cooling equipment. Number of references:11 Main heading:Cooling Controlled terms:Grain (agricultural product) - Heat transfer coefficients - Polishing - Water content - Water cooling systems Uncontrolled terms:Air cooling - Brown rice - Cooling time - Experimental data - Milled rice - Polished rice - Polishing processs - Rice - Self-design - Technical process - Theoretical basis - Water cooling Classification code:444 Water Resources - 604.2 Machining Operations - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.064 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 39> Accession number:20112714112573Title:Effect of ground-source heat pump applied to piggery on energy saving and emission reduction Authors:Wang, Meizhi (1); Liu, Jijun (1); Wu, Zhonghong (1); Liu, Guanghua (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Chengde Bente Eco-Energy Technology Co. Limited, Chengde 067000, China Corresponding author:Wang, M. (meizhiwang@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:251-254 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to find energy saving and emission reducing measures in environmental control of scaled pig farms, indices of energy saving and emission reduction were calculated and investment economical feasibility was analyzed based on an example of application of ground-source heat pump to scaled pig farm. The results showed that the investment of equipment of ground-source heat pump system was large than that of coal-fired boiler system; the static capital payback period was 6.4 years in present price system of coal and electricity. Ground-source heat pump system could save more energy than coal-fired boiler system, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the ground-source heat pump was more than 4.0, and the primary energy ratio was more than 1.28.In comparison with coal-fired boiler system, ground-source heat pump system could reduce CO<inf>2</inf> by 60% and save more water than traditional evaporative cooling system. Therefore, it is an energy saving and emission reducing mode of environmental control for scaled pig farms. Number of references:16 Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps Controlled terms:Boilers - Carbon dioxide - Coal - Energy conservation - Environmental engineering - Evaporative cooling systems - Farms - Gas emissions - Investments - Mammals - Pumps Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of performance - Economical feasibility - Emission reduction - Environmental control - Ground source heat pump systems - Ground-source heat pump - Payback periods - Price system - Primary energy ratios - Scaled pig farms Classification code:911.2 Industrial Economics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 618.2 Pumps - 614 Steam Power Plants - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 524 Solid Fuels - 454 Environmental Engineering - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.044 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 40> Accession number:20112714112538Title:Integrated allocation of water and land resources based on GLP model in Yanhe watershed Authors:Wang, Lixia (1); Ren, Zhiyuan (2); Ren, Zhaoxia (1); Ma, Chaoqun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; (2) College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China Corresponding author:Wang, L. (wlx333@sina.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:48-53 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Many researches on optimal allocation of water or land resource have been done at present, bnt few attention was paid to the combination of these two factors based on ecosystem. In this research, based on continuous 30-year weather condition report data, 10-year soil water content data and nearly 50-year hydrographic data in Yanhe watershed, and with remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis, the minimum, moderate and maximum ecological water requirement for land resource system were investigated. Additionally, with GLP (Gray Linear Programming) model, the allocation modes of water and land resources were put forward based on ecosystem which aimed at satisfying the ecological water requirement for land resource system and maximizing the ecosystem service value. The purpose of all above efforts was to offer a method for using water and land resources in effect, protecting ecosystem as well as developing social economy. By using GLP model, the constraints equations were established for satisfying ecological water requirement and the objective functions for realizing the coordinate and sustainable development in ecology and economic. The results showed that with the increase of water resources supply, the fruit industry was developing well, and the urbanization process was accelerating. It can be expected that from 2010 to 2030, the forests, shrubs and garden land will increase from 1264.49, 1201.51, 412.87 km<sup>2</sup> to 1 504.32, 1434.67, 589.24 km<sup>2</sup>, and the construction land will increase from 346.73 to 575.38 km<sup>2</sup>, when satisfying the minimal ecological water requirement. Number of references:20 Main heading:Water resources Controlled terms:Computer programming - Ecosystems - Geologic models - Landforms - Linear programming - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Water content - Watersheds Uncontrolled terms:Construction land - Ecological water requirements - Ecology-oriented - Ecosystem services - Fruit industry - Gray linear programming model - Hydrographic data - Land resources - Objective functions - Optimal allocation - Remote sensing and GIS - Social economy - Soil water content - Spatial analysis - Water-land resource integrated allocation - Weather conditions Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 723.1 Computer Programming - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.009 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 41> Accession number:20112714112595Title:Oil and protein simultaneously extracted from soybean using crude enzyme produced by microbial fermentation Authors:Wu, Haibo (1); Jiang, Lianzhou (1); Cheng, Jianjun (1); Yao, Gang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin 150030, China Corresponding author:Jiang, L. (jlzname@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:376-382 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) is an environmentally friendly alternative technology to hexane extraction of soybean oil, EAEP has significant challenges, however, that must be overcome before becoming practical: the high price of enzyme, activity is influenced significantly by conditions, which has discouraged industrial adoption of EAEP. In this study Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into the optimal medium and fermented for 42 h, it was found that the broth contained alkaline and neutral protease. Extruded full fat soybean flour was hydrolyzed by the crude enzyme obtained from fermentation liquid after condensation at alkaline protease activity of (2000±200) U/mL, neutral protease of (1500±200) U/mL. The total oil extraction yield reached the highest value of 94.2%, and 90.1% of total protein yield was obtained under conditions that were temperature 55°C, solid/liquid ratio 1:8 g/mL, the initial pH value 10, hydrolysis time 6 h. As compared to the commercial Alcalase protease, the total oil recovery enhanced by 1.9%, the protein recovery reduced by 2% with crude enzyme extraction, and the hydrolyzed protein molecular weights were smaller and distributed wider. The use of crude enzyme resulted in better oil quality as compared with solvent extraction, though no significant difference was observed between the treatments of crude enzyme and Alcalase protease. Number of references:28 Main heading:Enhanced recovery Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Bacteriology - Enzyme activity - Fermentation - Hexane - Hydrolysis - Optimization - Proteins - Solvent extraction - Solvents Uncontrolled terms:Alcalase - Alkaline protease - Aqueous extraction - Bacillus Subtilis - Crude enzymes - Environmentally friendly alternatives - Hexane extraction - High price - Industrial adoption - Initial pH value - Microbial fermentation - Neutral protease - Oil extraction - Oil quality - Optimal medium - Protein recovery - Solid/liquid ratios - Soybean flour - Soybean oil - Total oil - Total oil recovery - Total protein Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 461.9 Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.066 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 42> Accession number:20112714112587Title:Demarcating method of prime farmland based on land evaluation Authors:Dong, Xiuru (1); You, Mingying (1); Wang, Qiubing (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China Corresponding author:Dong, X. (xr_dong@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:336-339 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to achieve the destination that both quality and quantity of the prime farmland are important in the demarcation of prime farmland. Taking Donggang, Liaoning province as an example, with the help of GIS technology, considering the viewpoint of natural conditions and site conditions, this paper selected the slope of land, scale, traffic location, the conditions of irrigation, land types which are adjacent to its suitability as evaluation factors to establish a demarcation method for prime farmland with the principle of grading according to quality based on land evaluation. The results indicated that the cultivated lands in Donggang with evaluation scores above 90 points were less, which only accounted for 23.73% of total cultivated lands and scattered in the whole area irregularly. The farmlands with evaluation scores above 70 points were the ideal prime farmland protection areas, which could make protection ratio of basic farmland meet the national requirement indicators. The empirical research shows that the method can reduce disturbances of human factors in the demarcation of prime farmland and make the demarcation of prime farmland more scientific and reasonable. Number of references:12 Main heading:Quality control Controlled terms:Farms - Human engineering - Regional planning Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Empirical research - Evaluation factor - GIS technology - Land evaluation - Liaoning Province - Natural conditions - Prime farmland - Protection ratios - Site conditions Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.058 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 43> Accession number:20112714112580Title:Detecting and analysis of spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover in the Loess Plateau during 1982-2009 Authors:Zhang, Baoqing (1); Wu, Pute (1); Zhao, Xining (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid regions of China, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Wu, P. (gjzwpt@vip.sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:287-293 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Time-series GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI datasets, which served as an evaluation index of the vegetation cover, were used in this paper to detect and analyze the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover in the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2009.Results showed that before the large-scale implementations of vegetation construction (1982-1998), the annual mean NDVI of the Loess Plateau fluctuated in a narrow range yearly; most places indicated no significant changes in NDVI except for some improvement in a few places. However, since the large-scale implement of vegetation construction in 1999, the annual mean NDVI of the Loess Plateau has increased significantly. Most regions (covering 66.12% of the total area) on the Loess Plateau showed significant positive correlation between NDVI and time over the past decade, especially in the part traversed by the Loess Hilly-gully Region, where the achievements of vegetation construction were quite noticeable. Moreover, the vegetation cover in 15°~25° and 6°~15° slope areas experienced great improvement from 1999 to 2009, which may be helpful to control soil and water losses. The large-scale implementations of vegetation construction accelerated the vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau. Nevertheless, regions with sparse vegetation on the Loess Plateau still covered a great part by 2009, so it is necessary to further strengthen the ecological environment construction in the future. Number of references:26 Main heading:Vegetation Controlled terms:Geographic information systems - Spatial variables measurement - Time series analysis Uncontrolled terms:Annual mean - Data sets - Ecological environments - Evaluation index - Loess Plateau - NDVI - Positive correlations - Soil and water loss - Spatial and temporal variation - Spatial variables - SPOT VGT - Vegetation cover - Vegetation restoration Classification code:723.3 Database Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.051 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 44> Accession number:20112714112552Title:Experiments on loss coefficient of complete fluidic sprinkler pressure regulation device Authors:Liu, Junping (1); Yuan, Shouqi (1); Luo, Yin (1); Tang, Yue (1); Li, Hong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Yuan, S. (shouqiy@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:135-140 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the shortage of resoarch work on pressure loss in pressure regulation device of complete fluidic sprinkler for variable irrigation, the pressure variation of system was analyzed by Bernoulli equation. Based on definition system characteristics the sprinkler changed when working. The loss pressure coefficient was put forward with the value that, plus of section area variable coefficient and shape coefficient and then minus axial clearance influence coefficient of the moving chips in relative motion. For the calculation, the maximum loss pressure coefficient value was 0.7414, the minimum value was 0.0204.Virtual instrument and LabVIEW software were adopt to measure the relationships between pressure value, the sprinkler running time, the working conditions of pressure regulation device. The results showed that when the flow rates decreased, the upstream pressure increased, and the downstream pressure decreased, the range of downstream pressure changed was larger relatively. With the flow rate decreased, the loss coefficient increased. The maximum loss coefficient value of pressure regulation device was 0.582, and the minimum value was 0.265.The study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of complete fluidic sprinkler pressure regulation device. Number of references:15 Main heading:Pressure regulation Controlled terms:Cascades (fluid mechanics) - Computer programming languages - Experiments - Flow rate - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) Uncontrolled terms:Axial clearance - Bernoulli equations - Complete fluidic sprinkler - Downstream pressure - Influence coefficient - Influencing factor - LabVIEW software - Loss coefficients - Minimum value - Pressure coefficients - Pressure loss - Pressure loss coefficient - Pressure values - Pressure variations - Relative motion - Running time - Shape coefficients - System characteristics - Theoretical basis - Upstream pressure - Variable coefficients - Working conditions Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.023 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 45> Accession number:20112714112562Title:Topic map-based description and representation of agricultural models Authors:Fu, Bing (1); Jiang, Haiyan (1); Zhang, Mei (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Cao, Weixing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Information Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author:Fu, B. (fubing@jsagri.gov.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:190-195 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the capability of model resource sharing and management for different agricultural disciplines, a new approach to description and representation of agricultural models was proposed, which used the description information of model components as meta-data to generate the topic maps at different levels. Firstly, the characteristics of agricultural models was analyzed, the mapping relationships between agricultural models and model components were established, and then information on the facets and relationship descriptions of agricultural model components was extracted and the Description Model for Agricultural Model Components (DM-AMC) was constructed. Further, the DM-AMC was represented as topic type, association type, occurrence type and association role. Finally, the Topic Maps for Agricultural Model Components (TM-AMC) was constructed by taking example and using matching and merging algorithms. With crop phasic development model as example, the XML documents of atomic topic maps with the characters of unified description and dynamic expansion were generated. The results indicated that a unified description on agricultural model information and generation of multi-level and easy-accessed TM-AMC based on DM-AMC could enhance capability of general sharing and management with agricultural model information. Number of references:18 Main heading:Models Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Image matching - Information dissemination - Information management - Model structures Uncontrolled terms:Description information - Description model - Development model - Dynamic expansion - Merging algorithms - Model components - Model management - Model representation - Multi-level - Resource sharing - Topic map(TM) - Topic Maps - Unified description Classification code:408 Structural Design - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 903.2 Information Dissemination DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.033 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 46> Accession number:20112714112586Title:Fractal analysis of land use in Zhujiang River Delta Authors:Ye, Changsheng (1); Dong, Yuxiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Center of Land Research, College of Geographic and Planning, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (2) Academy of Geosciences, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, China Corresponding author:Ye, C. (ycs519@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:330-335 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on dynamic data of land use in 1990, 2000, 2006, using GIS and fractal modeling, a rapid developed region of the Zhujiang River Delta was selected as study case, the quantitative changes of land use were analyzed, the fractal dimension and stability index of different land use types were calculated, and the region differences of fractal characters were discussed. Using grey relational analysis, the fractal mechanism was studied. Results showed that from 1990 to 2006, construction land was expanded intensively, area of cultivated land and forest was decreased evidently. The land use structure of the Zhujiang River Delta changed complex structures into simple structures, the stability increased constantly. The spatial structure of water bodies was most complex, unused land was most simple. The spatial structures of paddy-fields, town land and unused land became more complex, other land use types more simple. The fractal characters of different regions existed remarkable differences, the fractal changes had sensible differences. The fractal structures were mainly influenced by the geometric properties of spatial pattern of land use, the effect of population was weakening, the primary industry had considerable influence among three industries. Number of references:16 Main heading:Fractal dimension Controlled terms:Land use - Partial discharges - Rivers Uncontrolled terms:Complex structure - Construction land - Cultivated lands - Different land use types - Fractal analysis - Fractal character - Fractal mechanisms - Fractal modeling - Fractal structures - Geometric properties - Grey relational analysis - Land use type - ON dynamics - Quantitative changes - Region differences - River deltas - Simple structures - Spatial patterns - Spatial structure - Stability indices - Study case - Waterbodies - Zhujiang Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 407.2 Waterways - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.057 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 47> Accession number:20112714112539Title:Analysis on linkage between farm landscape and water quality in Jiulong River watershed Authors:Sun, Qinqin (1); Huang, Jinliang (1); Hong, Huasheng (1); Li, Qingsheng (1); Lin, Jie (1); Feng, Yuan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Corresponding author:Huang, J. (jlhuang@xmu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:54-59 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between COD<inf>Mn</inf>, NH<inf>4</inf><sup> </sup>-N, TP and farm landscape in the Jiulong River watershed. Linear regressions between water quality and farm land percents were also processed in flood season, dry season and average season. The results showed that the total proportion of farm lands located in the slopes less than 15 degrees and greater than 25 degrees were positively correlated with COD<inf>Mn</inf>, NH<inf>4</inf><sup> </sup>-N and TP concentrations in the water. Contagion index (CONTAG) of farm lands was positively correlated with TP concentrations, and Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) of farm lands was negatively correlated with TP concentrations. The determinate coefficients were 0.565 and-0.527, respectively. Water eutrophication was susceptible to farm land pollutions in flood season and dry season. The farm lands located in the slopes less than 15 degrees took up 74.3% in the 100 m-width riparian buffer. The farm lands located in the riparian buffer and in the deep slopes played a crucial role in water quality management, especially the non-point source pollution control in the Jiulong River watershed. Number of references:28 Main heading:River pollution Controlled terms:Drought - Environmental impact - Eutrophication - Farms - Landforms - Manganese - Manganese removal (water treatment) - Pollution - Quality management - River control - Water conservation - Water management - Water pollution control - Water quality - Water supply - Watersheds Uncontrolled terms:Contagion index - Correlation analysis - Dry seasons - Farm land - Flood season - Jiulong River - Landscape metrics - Non-point source pollution - Riparian buffers - Shannon diversity - Slope - Water eutrophication Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 481.1 Geology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 453 Water Pollution - 446 Waterworks - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.010 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 48> Accession number:20112714112584Title:Landscape extraction and corridor site assessment of farmland in urban fringe using SPOT5 remote sensing image Authors:Liu, Xiaona (1); Li, Xianhai (2); Sun, Danfeng (1); Li, Hong (3); Zhang, Weiwei (3); Zhou, Liandi (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Department of Planning, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, China; (3) Institute of System Comprehensive Development, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China Corresponding author:Sun, D. (sundf@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:317-323 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The characteristices of farmland site are complicated and versatile affected by many factors in urban fringe. Extract farmland and its corridor landscape types using high resolution remote sensing image is a superior way to detect farmland change. It is significant for farmland protection and delineation of basic farmland to analyze the relationship between farmland and its corridor landscape types. Taking Daxing district of Beijing as a case, object-oriented classification approach was adopted to extract farmland and other landscape types from SPOT5 remote sensing image in year of 2004 and 2007, including transport land, river, hydraulic construction land, irrigational land, farmland shelterbelt. The extracted road width was also evaluated. Finally, quantitative changes and spatial distribution changes of the 5 corridors during 4 years simply were analyzed through methods of corridor analysis of landscape ecology and GIS spatial analysis. The results showed that the classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient were more than 90% with visual interpretation, and the width of road was from 4 to 70 m; Farmland shelterbelt suffered the most obvious quantitative changes, and became scattered. Agricultural irrigational land distributed evenly. Secondary class road took greater changes, which mainly distributed in the northern study area affected greatly by urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, the object-oriented classification approach can take full advantage of class-related features, which fuses class site information at different levels. The spatial distribution of corridors and farmland shows a certain correlation, that is, the higher density of farmland shelterbelt and agricultural irrigational land, the smaller loss probability of farmland; the higher density of transport land, the higher loss probability of farmland. Number of references:23 Main heading:Farms Controlled terms:Ecology - Image reconstruction - Probability distributions - Rating - Remote sensing - Roads and streets - Spatial distribution - Surveys Uncontrolled terms:Corridor - Daxing district - Farmland - Landscape - Object oriented - Site assessment - SPOT5 - Urban fringe Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 921 Mathematics - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 405.3 Surveying DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.055 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 49> Accession number:20112714112572Title:Application of vacuum flat glass to box-type solar energy collectors group Authors:Zhao, Ying (1); Zhang, Ruihong (1); Kong, Youbin (2); Li, Guosheng (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Experimental Farm of Yang Zhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China Corresponding author:Zhao, Y. (zhaoying274211078@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:246-250 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The vacuum flat glass will improve the efficiency of box-type flat plate solar energy collectors group. The efficiency of the solar energy collectors group that respectively use the vacuum flat glass and ordinary hollow flat glass as its transparent cover was studied. Meanwhile, a lot of comparative experiments between them were conducted. The results showed that the efficiency of the box-type solar energy collectors that consisted of vacuum flat glass increased by 15% than that of the ordinary hollow flat glass. It demonstrates that vacuum flat glass can improve the efficiency of the box-type solar energy collector. So it has a good future in the application of box-type solar energy collectors group. Number of references:16 Main heading:Solar energy Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Collector efficiency - Energy efficiency - Glass - Solar radiation - Vacuum - Vacuum technology Uncontrolled terms:Comparative experiments - Flat glass - Flat plate - Solar energy collectors Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 633 Vacuum Technology - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 812.3 Glass - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.043 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 50> Accession number:20112714112553Title:Experiments on performance and internal flow of a vortex pump Authors:Sha, Yi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China Corresponding author:Sha, Y. (shayi01@sina.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:141-146 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to research the performances and internal flow characteristics of vortex pump, the vortex pump suction, head and cavitation principles were illustrated, and the fact that q<inf>v</inf>-NPSH performance curve is falling parabolic was obtained after experiment on the vortex pump (32WB8-12) prototype and measurement of flow field in chamber with 5-hole spherical probe. Based on the simulation of the three-dimensional internal flow within vortex pump utilizing RNG k-Ε turbulence model, the certain fidelity and accuracy of the numerical simulation results were verified by comparing between simulation and experiment. From these results, the conclusion is that the internal flow in vortex pump mainly consists of through flow, and the forced vortex is the main flow characteristics in the impeller region, and the flow in volute is similar to the combined vortex with backflow, circular flow and free vortex, which is non-axisymmetric unsteady flow with quite high turbulence intensity, and all these lead to the relative low efficiency of the vortex pump. Number of references:14 Main heading:Pumps Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Experiments - Flow fields - Probes - Three dimensional computer graphics - Turbulence models - Vortex flow Uncontrolled terms:Backflow - Circular flow - Flow characteristic - Free vortices - Internal flow characteristics - Internal flows - Net positive suction heads - Performance - Performance curve - Spherical probes - Turbulence intensity - Vortex pumps Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 901.3 Engineering Research - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 723.5 Computer Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.024 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 51> Accession number:20112714112547Title:Fatigue analysis of gears in combine harvester chassis gearbox Authors:Li, Yaoming (1); Tian, Jin (1); Zhao, Zhan (1); Xu, Lizhang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Edu. and Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) High-Tech. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligentization of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212013, China Corresponding author:Tian, J. (bluesky0121@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:106-110 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to predict the failure tocation and service life of gears in combine harvester chassis gearbox, the three-dimensional finite element model of input gears was established by using SolidWorks and the external load was added according to actual working situations. A surface contact mechanical model was applied to analyze the gears mechanical characteristics, and to calculate Von Mises stress, displacement and strain distribution on the teeth. The maximum Von Mises stress was about 394.16 MPa, which was less than the yield limit. Root of the teeth would not rapture. The probability of gear failure was predicted by the Weibull distribution, and the distribution curve was created based on the S-N curve defined inthe Simulation module. It predicted that the failure probability was about 93.96% when the gears worked 500 hours. The fatigue property experiment was carried out in the self-made gearbox fatigue test bed. The results indicated that serious pitting appeared on the surface of the teeth when the working time was over 500 hours. The input driving gear was completely failure, which basically coincided with the theory analysis results. Number of references:15 Main heading:Gear teeth Controlled terms:Chassis - Equipment testing - Experiments - Fatigue testing - Finite element method - Harvesters - Stresses - Three dimensional - Weibull distribution Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Combine harvesters - Distribution curves - External loads - Failure Probability - Fatigue analysis - Fatigue properties - Fatigue tests - Finite Element - Gear failure - Mechanical characteristics - Mechanical model - S-N curve - Simulation modules - SolidWorks - Strain distributions - Surface contact - Three dimensional finite element model - Von Mises stress - Working time - Yield limit Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 601.2 Machine Components - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.018 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 52> Accession number:20112714112564Title:Assessment of approaches for estimating fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by winter wheat canopy Authors:Li, Heli (1); Luo, Yi (1); Xue, Xiaoping (3); Zhao, Yujin (3); Zhao, Hong (3); Li, Feng (3) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing 100101, China; (2) Graduate School of the Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing 100039, China; (3) Research Centre of Climate, Shandong Bureau of Meteorology, Jinan 250031, China Corresponding author:Luo, Y. (luoyi.cas@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:201-206 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The approaches for estimating the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by crop canopy (f<inf>APAR</inf>) include the one using the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (f<inf>IPAR</inf>), the one by the leaf area index (LAI) and the Beer-Lambert law and the ones with the different linear or non-linear relationships between the f<inf>APAR</inf> and the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI. In this paper, all the above f<inf>APAR</inf> estimation methods were tested using the field data of the LAI, f<inf>IPAR</inf> and the spectral characteristics of winter wheat, with the aims to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of them and offer references for further study. The results showed that the f<inf>APAR</inf> was close to the f<inf>IPAR</inf> during the vegetative growth period with the green leaves dominated canopy, while a remarkable difference was found between them in the reproductive stage with the increasing leaf senescence. The approach using the f<inf>IPAR</inf> to estimate the f<inf>APAR</inf> gave a good estimation. The approach by the Beer-Lambert law and the LAI underestimated the f<inf>APAR</inf> from the heading to dough stages, which may be due to the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation by the green wheat stems and spikes not being included. The empirical f<inf>APAR</inf>-NDVI relationships vastly overestimated the f<inf>APAR</inf> during the vegetative growth period and the end of reproductive period. The correlation analysis of the f<inf>APAR</inf> to the NDVI, the ratio vegetation index (RVI), the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and the modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) of the wheat canopy was performed. It demonstrated that the correlation between the NDVI and the f<inf>APAR</inf> was the best, which makes it more useful in the f<inf>APAR</inf> estimation. Number of references:27 Main heading:Estimation Controlled terms:Crops - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Beer Lambert law - Correlation analysis - Crop canopy - Estimation methods - Evaluation - Field data - Field measurement - Fraction of photosynthetically active radiations - Intercepted photosynthetically active radiations - Leaf area index - Leaf senescence - Non-linear relationships - Normalized difference vegetation index - Photosynthetically active radiation - Ratio vegetation indices - Reproductive stage - Spectral characteristics - Vegetation index - Vegetative growth periods - Wheat canopy - Wheat stems - Winter wheat Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.035 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 53> Accession number:20112714112594Title:Extraction of phytic acid and preparation of protein isolates from rapeseed meal Authors:Pan, Lijun (1); Zhou, Jun (1); Jiang, Shaotong (1); Sun, Hanju (1); Luo, Shuizhong (1); Han, Zhihong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China Corresponding author:Pan, L. (panlijun1955@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:370-375 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Phytic acid and protein are two kinds of valuable components in rapeseed meal. To improve comprehensive utilization in this research, phytic acid was extracted with acetum from double-low coldpressed rapeseed meal, and protein was recovered from the crude extract of phytic acid by membrane separating technology. The meal residue was dried to extract protein, which was then purified by ultrafiltration to obtain high purity product. Extraction conditions of phytic acid were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) as follows: mass fraction of acetic acid 0.7%, extraction temperature 48°C, liquid-to-solid ratio 10 mL/g, extraction time 1.6 h. Under this condition, extraction yield was 1.865%. Protein recovered and phytic acid loss accounting for rapeseed meal were 3.63% and 0.395% respectively in crude extract of phytic acid. Purity of the protein refined by ultrafiltration was between 70% and 90%, in which the content of polyphenols was significantly reduced and no phytic acid and glucosinolates could be detected. Number of references:18 Main heading:Extraction Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Membrane technology - Oilseeds - Optimization - Phenols - Proteins - Ultrafiltration Uncontrolled terms:Crude extract - Extraction conditions - Extraction temperatures - Extraction time - Extraction yield - Glucosinolates - High-purity products - Mass fraction - Phytic acids - Polyphenols - Protein isolates - Rapeseed meals - Response Surface Methodology - Valuable component Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.065 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 54> Accession number:20112714112543Title:Movement of soil solute under simulated rainfall runoff Authors:Tian, Kun (1); Huang, Chihua (3); Wang, Guangqian (1); Tian, Peng (4); Fu, Xudong (1); Guo, Haidan (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2077, United States; (4) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Huang, C. (chihua@purdue.edu) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:81-87 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Raindrop impact can increase solute transport process from soil into surface runoff. A laboratory flow cell and experimental procedures to study chemical transport from soil to runoff as a diffusion process were developed. Different vertical hydraulic gradients were imposed by setting the flow cell to free drainage condition (-5 cm), saturation condition and artesian seepage conditions (5 cm) under 30, 60 and 90 mm/h simulated rainfall and 2, 4 and 10 times simulated flow rate to rainfall. The experimental data clearly demonstrated that all of rainfall intensity, total flow rate, and water table can accelerate diffusion process. There is an interaction between diffusion and convection to increase chemical loss from soil into runoff under artesian seepage conditions. Chemical transport has a significant relationship to rainfall intensity, surface runoff flow rate and groundwater table. Number of references:15 Main heading:Runoff Controlled terms:Diffusion - Flow rate - Groundwater - Rain - Seepage - Soils - Solute transport Uncontrolled terms:Artesian - Chemical loss - Chemical transport - Diffusion and convection - Diffusion process - Drainage condition - Experimental data - Experimental procedure - Flow cells - Ground water table - Hydraulic gradients - Raindrop impact - Rainfall intensity - Saturation conditions - Simulated rainfall - Soil solutes - Surface runoffs - Transport process - Water tables Classification code:631 Fluid Flow - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444.2 Groundwater - 931.1 Mechanics - 444.1 Surface Water - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 443.3 Precipitation DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.014 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 55> Accession number:20112714112589Title:Litchi image segmentation algorithm based on sparse field level set Authors:Mao, Liang (1); Xue, Yueju (1); Kong, Deyun (1); Liu, Guoying (1); Huang, Ke (1); Lu, Qifu (1); Wang, Kai (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Corresponding author:Mao, L. (maoliangscau@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:345-349 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to provide picking robot with complete contour of litchi, hue component of HSV color space was selected, and the rotation of hue was used as the feature for image segmentation. Then, fuzzy clustering algorithm was utilized to obtain the appropriate initial evolution curve contour automatically, the sparse field level set method was adopted to extract the target region precisely, and the segmentation regions were labeled. The label image could restore the original image of the segmented regions. Finally, the results show that the proposed algorithm can not only overcome the impact of random noise interference, but also maintain the integrity of the segmentation area, and the correct segmentation rate is up to 84.1%. Number of references:16 Main heading:Image segmentation Controlled terms:Clustering algorithms - Evolutionary algorithms - Fuzzy clustering - Fuzzy systems - Numerical methods Uncontrolled terms:Evolution curve - Field level - HSV color spaces - Image segmentation algorithm - Label images - Level Set - Litchi - Original images - Picking robot - Random noise - Segmented regions - Sparse field - Target regions Classification code:721 Computer Circuits and Logic Elements - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.060 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 56> Accession number:20112714112549Title:Study on corp yield stability in a typical region of rice-wheat rotation based on long-term fertilization experiment Authors:Ma, Li (1); Yang, Linzhang (1); Shen, Mingxing (2); Xia, Lizhong (1); Li, Yundong (1); Liu, Guohua (1); Yin, Shixue (3) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Nanjing 210008, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215155, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China Corresponding author:Yang, L. (lzyang@issas.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:117-124 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To investigate the ways of maintaining high and stable crop yield under long-term fertilization, a long-term field experiment was set up in 1980 in a typical rice-wheat rotation region-the Taihu Lake Region. The changes of rice and wheat yield and soil nutrient under term fertilization in different years, the crop yield stability and the relationship between crop yield and soil organic carbon and nitrogen were analyzed. Results showed that during the period of long-term experiment, the yields of rice and wheat in different treatment plot fluctuated and varied greatly among different years affected by climate and other factors. From statistic results of long-term experiment, increased trends of the yields of wheat and rice were found among different years. The increasing trend of rice yield was more significant than wheat, and yield of wheat fluctuated comparatively larger than rice. Effects of organic manure and crop straw treatments on increasing crop yield were more significant than chemical fertilizer treatments. Yield stability of rice was higher than that of wheat, CV of rice was lower and SYI of rice was higher than that of wheat respectively. The highest yield stability was found in treatment MPK (Manure and fertilizer P, K), but the lowest of that was found in treatment MNPK (Manure and fertilizer N, P, K). Amendments of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer may lead to decline of crop yield stability. Nitrogen fertilizer was the major factor of yield increasing, but may lead to lower stability of paddy ecosystem. Correlation between crop yield and level of soil nitrogen was more significant. Compared to dry season, yield stability and increasing of wheat was more significant in wheat season, indicated a higher sustainability of paddy soil ecosystem which may be improved with years of cultivation. Number of references:21 Main heading:Experiments Controlled terms:Chemical stability - Crops - Ecosystems - Manures - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic carbon - Rotation - Soils - Stability Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Crop yield - Dry seasons - Field experiment - Long-term experiments - Long-term fertilization - Major factors - Organic manure - Paddy soils - Rice - Rice and wheat yield - Rice yield - Rice-wheat rotations - Soil nitrogen - Soil nutrients - Soil organic carbon and nitrogen - Taihu lakes - Wheat - Yield - Yield stability Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.1 Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 961 Systems Science - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804.1 Organic Compounds DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.020 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 57> Accession number:20112714112548Title:Symmetrical multi-spiral arrangement of tillage blades on rotor Authors:Jia, Honglei (1); Huang, Dongyan (2); Liu, Xiaoliang (1); Wang, Zenghui (2); Liu, Zhaochen (3); Ma, Chenglin (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (2) Information Technology Collage of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (3) Jilin Province Academy of Agricultural Machinery, Changchun 130022, China Corresponding author:Jia, H. (jiahl@vip.163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:111-116 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to make the universal blade meet the requirements of ridge stubble-breaking or full-width rot tilling, reduce the power consumption and make the forces acting on the rotor more evenly, a symmetrical multi-spiral arrangement method for the tillage blade on the horizontal rotor was presented. The blade rotor was divided into two equal rotors, a right rotor and a left one, on which the blades were arranged in a multi-spiral way. The spirals on the two rotors were in opposite directions, but the lift angle of the spiral on two rotors were the same. The blades on the same spiral were in the same bending direction, and those arranged on adjacent spirals were in the opposite bending direction. The bending direction of the blades on the blade disc of the right rotor was opposite to that in the corresponding position on the symmetrical blade disc of the left rotor. Test results of several different rotary tillage machines adopting the arrangement method in rot tilling and stubble-breaking operations showed that the average soil-breaking rate was higher than 85.6% and the average stubble-breaking rate higher than 80%. The use of the arrangement method in the rotary tillage machines can reduce shock and vibration, prolong the service life of the transmission part and increase the operating stability of the machines. Number of references:15 Main heading:Rotors (windings) Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture Uncontrolled terms:Arrangement method - Bending directions - Blade rotors - Blade-discs - Horizontal rotor - Multi-spiral - Operating stability - Shock and vibration - Test results - Tillage blade - Transmission parts Classification code:704.1 Electric Components - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.019 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 58> Accession number:20112714112568Title:Light intensity real-time monitoring system for ginseng under forest Authors:Wu, Haiwei (1); Yu, Haiye (1); Zhang, Lei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132021, China Corresponding author:Yu, H. (haiye@jlu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:225-229 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to automatically real-time monitor and record light intensity, a monitoring system of light intensity for ginseng under forest was designed by using TSL2561 and ATMega16L. The system included one master and ten slavers micro-computers connected by system bus. The the second to the tenth slavers were used to get the light intensity in nine experimental sites, and more locations were measured through five monitoring systems. The real-time control system in the principal computer was designed by using MATLAB software. Through adjusting the sampling period of real-time control system in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes, the 30 minutes sampling period was thought as ideal sampling interval which had less measuring points and could better reflect the changes of the light intensity. The whole system has the database function for measuring light intensity of the region, and the results can provide convenience and guarantee for establishing the forecast models of forests light environment and analyzing the variability of ginseng photosynthesis rules. Number of references:17 Main heading:Monitoring Controlled terms:Computer control systems - Control systems - Real time control Uncontrolled terms:FORECAST model - Ginseng under forest - Light environment - Light intensity - Matlab- software - Measuring points - Monitoring system - Real-time monitor - Real-time monitoring systems - Sampling interval - Sampling period - System bus - Whole systems Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 732 Control Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.039 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 59> Accession number:20112714112545Title:Soil respiration flux of four land-use types in non-growing season in North Plain of Huai River Authors:Gao, Dong (1); Lu, Shaowei (1); Rao, Liangyi (1); Li, Jia (1); Zhang, Teng (1); Jin, Aliang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Edu., College of Soil and Water Conservation of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Corresponding author:Rao, L. (raoliangyi@bjfu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:94-99 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To probe the effects of four land-use types, i. e. wood land and wheat land of agro-forestry model, poplar plantation abandoned land and wheat land, on the increase and the flux of CO<inf>2</inf>, the licor-8100 Automated Soil CO<inf>2</inf> Flux System was used to monitor the change of carbon flux of soil from the four land-use types. The soil respiration (Rs) of them was studied systematically. The results showed that the monthly variation and diurnal variation of Rs of four land-use types were lower and had no significant change. The average soil respiration flux of wheat land of agro-forestry model was the smallest and the contribution rate of respiration flux of soil was 22.55%, which was 3.02% less than that of crop land, 6.00% less than that of wood land of agro-forestry model and 0.85% less than that of the plantation abandoned land. The soil respiration flux of agro-forestry model was 2.85% less than that of the plantation abandoned land and was the same with that of wheat land. The relationship of soil respiration and the factors was not significant in October, but became significant with temperature inereasing and other factors in January and February. Number of references:23 Main heading:Landforms Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Forestry - Geologic models - Land use - Physiology - Soils - Timber Uncontrolled terms:Agro-forestry model - Land-use type - North plain of huai river - Respiration flux of soil - Winter wheat Classification code:821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 461.9 Biology - 415.3 Wood Structural Materials - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.016 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 60> Accession number:20112714112574Title:PIV measurement of char powders motion in laminar entrained flow reactor Authors:Wang, Nana (1); Yi, Weiming (1); Liu, Zhuwei (1); Bai, Xueyuan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China Corresponding author:Yi, W. (yiweiming@sdut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:255-258 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study the movements of char powders in laminar entrained flow reactor, a transparent experimental apparatus was designed for Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) measurement of flow field. The velocities of char powders whose mesh size was between 100 to 120 were investigated by PIV at the different flow rates of 1.0-2.5 m<sup>3</sup>/h. The results indicated that the axial velocity of char powers in the pipe center was very small near the outlet, subsequently rapidly reached the maximum and then decreased. The axial velocity at the center of pipe reached a maximum in the region within 1.8-123.8 mm. The axial velocity distribution was a parabola-like curve along the radius. The relationship between Re and the dimensionless residential time of char powders was obtained finally. Number of references:14 Main heading:Powders Controlled terms:Flow visualization - Pipe - Velocimeters - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Velocity measurement Uncontrolled terms:Axial velocity - Axial-velocity distribution - Experimental apparatus - Laminar entrained flow reactor - Laminar entrained flow rector - Mesh size - Particle image velocimetries - Particle image velocimetry(PIV) - PIV measurements Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 536 Powder Metallurgy - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.045 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 61> Accession number:20112714112566Title:Plant nutrition indices using leaf spectral transmittance for nitrogen detection Authors:He, Dongxian (1); Hu, Juanxiu (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agriculture Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:He, D. (he_dongxian@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:214-218 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Spectral transmittances in wavelength ranged from 300 to 1100 nm of rice and cucumber leaves treated with culture solution in five different nitrogen levels were measured in this study. The correlated relationships between the above spectral transmittances and their chlorophyll contents and nitrogen contents indicated that the 560, 650, and 720 nm as feature wavelength and 940 nm as reference wavelength were useful for plant nutrient diagnosis. Correlation analysis and their regression examination between 21 spectral feature parameters composed by the transmittances at above wavelength, and the leaf chlorophyll contents and nitrogen contents showed that spectral feature parameters of (T<inf>940</inf>-T<inf>560</inf>)/(T<inf>940</inf> T<inf>560</inf>), log(T<inf>940</inf>/T<inf>560</inf>) and log(T<inf>940</inf>/T<inf>650</inf>) were available for plant nutrient diagnosis with less than 8% relative error in measurement tests of rice and cucumber leaves. Therefore, the above spectral feature parameters as plant nitrogen indices can be used to estimate the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content and thus support for nondestructive plant nutrient detection. Number of references:22 Main heading:Nitrogen Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Content based retrieval - Nutrients Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Nitrogen content - Nondestructive detection - Spectral feature - Spectral transmittance Classification code:741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.037 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 62> Accession number:20112714112569Title:Monitoring system of soil water content based on ZigBee wireless sensor network Authors:Hu, Peijin (1); Jiang, Ting (1); Zhao, Yandong (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Zhao, Y. (peijin1984@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:230-234 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The main objective of this research is to improve the utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water with a soil moisture monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless network and CC2430 MCU. Unlike the complex wiring and costly wired network, ZigBee is a new mesh networking standard, which has the advantages of self-network-forming, self-healing and ultra-low power consumption. This solar-powered system realized real-time monitoring and recording of soil moisture information, which could provide data supports for further water-saving irrigation strategy planning as well. The system has been developed and tested with the ZigBee mesh network topology. Results showed that the system has high stability and low packet loss rates. This system could record the soil moisture of irrigated areas timely and accurately and keep the moisture among the scope which is suitable for the plant growth. The research results can provide references for further development of precise irrigation. Number of references:13 Main heading:Monitoring Controlled terms:Electric network topology - Hand held computers - Irrigation - Low power electronics - MESH networking - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Soil moisture - Water conservation - Water content - Water supply - Wireless sensor networks Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation water - CC2430 - Data support - Further development - High stability - Mesh network topology - Monitoring and control system - Monitoring system - Packet loss rates - Plant growth - Real time monitoring - Research results - Self-healing - Soil moisture monitoring - Soil water content - Solar-powered system - Strategy planning - Ultra-low power consumption - Utilization rates - Water-saving irrigation - Wired networks - Zig-Bee - ZigBee wireless networks Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 717 Optical Communication - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 703.1 Electric Networks - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial - 713 Electronic Circuits DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.040 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 63> Accession number:20112714112561Title:Calculation method for kinematical accuracy reliability of main drive mechanism of diesel engine Authors:Wang, Xizhen (1); Li, Yan (1); Cheng, Ganghu (2) Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering College, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Printing and Packaging Engineering College, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China Corresponding author:Wang, X. (lgdx2517@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:184-189 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the geometrical meaning of the kinematics accuracy reliability index, a method for kinematical accuracy reliability of main drive mechanism of diesel engine was presented by means of the combination of the improved PSO which has a lot of advantages such as less parameters, swift convergence rate and higher precision. The proposed method avoided the complicated partial derivatives in traditional method, and the computation was effectively reduced. It was shown by instances that the method was simple, practical and satisfied the requirements of calculated precision, thus a new valid method was provided for the solution of kinematical accuracy reliability of mechanism. Number of references:17 Main heading:Reliability Controlled terms:Diesel engines Uncontrolled terms:Calculation methods - Convergence rates - Improved PSO - Inertia weight - Kinematical accuracy reliability - Main drive - Partial derivatives - Reliability Index Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 612.2 Diesel Engines DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.032 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 64> Accession number:20112714112555Title:Impact analysis of composite stiffness in gear pair of external gear pump Authors:Li, Yulong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Industrial Manufacturing College of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China Corresponding author:Li, Y. (leo-world@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:153-157 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For purposes of calculating composite stiffness for dynamic model of gear pair in external gear pump, with the periodic changes of backlash location and meshing position, from definition of bulk modulus of elasticity, a model of calculating composite stiffness with contact stiffness and trapped-oil stiffness was derived, and then a simulation was executed in a trapped-oil cycle. The results showed that gear pair of external gear pump was different from normal gear pair; trapped-oil stiffness was a main factor in composite stiffness. It was concluded that trapped-oil made vibration slow down and the results can provide references for the future dynamic analysis of gear pair in external gear pump. Number of references:15 Main heading:Stiffness Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Dynamic analysis - Elastic moduli - Gear pumps - Pumps - Vibration analysis Uncontrolled terms:Composite stiffness - Contact stiffness - External gear pumps - Phenomenon of trapped oil - Trapped-oil stiffness Classification code:951 Materials Science - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 723.5 Computer Applications - 618.2 Pumps - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.026 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 65> Accession number:20112714112550Title:Intelligent fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on EMD and MLEM2 Authors:Dou, Dongyang (1); Yang, Jianguo (1); Li, Lijuan (2); Zhao, Yingkai (2) Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (2) School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China Corresponding author:Dou, D. (ddy41@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:125-130 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To solve the problems of automatic fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, an intelligent method based on EMD and MLEM2 was presented. EMD was used to preprocess the original vibration signal, after that, six time-domain characteristic indices and five frequency-domain indices were calculated on the most appropriate IMF to form the dimensionless fault eigenvector of rolling bearings. According to the characteristic vector, fault decision table could be acquired by the data collected from the running machine. The MLEM2 algorithm was then applied to mine diagnostic rules from the data table. By these rules and an improved rule matching strategy, the final fault classification was carried out. EMD could discover the fault essence of the signal, and enhance the signal-to-noise rate of the selected IMF, while MLEM2 algorithm could be operated without attribute discretization, so the result rules were more complete and accurate. It was proved by the experiment of SKF6203 rolling bearings that the accuracy of this method reached 93.75%. It works like an expert system with the ability of acquiring knowledge itself, and does not need any artificial interference once the initialization is made. It is a valid method for intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Number of references:15 Main heading:Fault detection Controlled terms:Algorithms - Bearings (machine parts) - Bearings (structural) - Decision tables - Electric fault currents - Expert systems - Machinery - Time domain analysis Uncontrolled terms:Attribute discretization - Automatic fault diagnosis - Characteristic vectors - Data tables - EMD - Fault classification - Frequency domains - Intelligent fault diagnosis - Intelligent method - MLEM2 algorithm - Preprocess - Rolling bearings - Rule induction - Signal to noise - Time domain - Vibration signal Classification code:921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 706.2 Electric Power Lines and Equipment - 601.2 Machine Components - 601 Mechanical Design - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.021 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 66> Accession number:20112714112565Title:Inversion of leaf area index based on small-footprint waveform airborne LIDAR Authors:Zhou, Mengwei (1); Liu, Qinhuo (1); Liu, Qiang (1); Xiao, Qing (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China; (2) Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Corresponding author:Liu, Q. (qhliu@irsa.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:207-213 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to study the detection of vertical structure information of vegetation, a simulation of LIDAR return waveform based on the single scattering of crown reflectance model and the Gaussian character of incidence and return waveform was proposed. The corresponding inversed method was established to calculate the crop leaf area density and leaf area index. The sensitivity analysis illustrated G function had a larger impact on inversed results than soil and leaf reflectivity. Finally, the data of Water (Watershed Airborne Telemetry Experimental Research) was used to validate this method. The results showed that the inversed leaf area density was consistent with the field measurement data, and the relative error of the inversed LAI was 12.5%. Therefore, this method can provide a new way to detect the vegetation structural parameters. Number of references:17 Main heading:Optical radar Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Crops - Reflection - Sensitivity analysis - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Airborne LiDAR - Experimental research - Field measurement data - G function - Gaussians - Leaf area - Leaf Area Index - Reflectance model - Relative errors - Single scattering - Structural parameter - Vertical structures - Wave forms Classification code:711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.036 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 67> Accession number:20112714112537Title:Agricultural drought early warning models in Southern Ningxia Authors:Zhang, Xiaoyu (1); Yang, Xiaoguang (1); Han, Yingjuan (2); Wei, Jianguo (2); Cao, Ning (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100894, China; (2) Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, China Corresponding author:Yang, X. (yangxg@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:41-47 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to establish grid scale model of agricultural drought early warning, according to the theory of natural disaster system, integrating features of dry pregnant disaster environment, hazards factors and disaster bodies, selecting the DEM, slope, aspect, soil type, history of drought risk index, agricultural inputs as influence factors of the geo-hazards stability, selecting the pre-drought, crop water satisfaction rate as hazard risk factors, selecting crop type, crop development of water sensitive coefficient, irrigation, crop yields as vulnerability factors in the drought system, the agricultural drought early warning model for Ningxia region was established by the AHP method with quantization influence coefficient based on GIS and spatial interpolation. Test results showed that compared with the measured values, more than 90% of model output levels of drought were consistent. The early warning model could accurately predict future trends and distribution of droughts. Compared with current climatic drought index prediction model, the spatial resolution of agricultural drought early warning model was significantly improved, and could better reflect the occurrence of agricultural drought and its development process. It can be used for regional drought early warning and drought trend forecast. Number of references:26 Main heading:Drought Controlled terms:Crops - Disasters - Forecasting - Geologic models - Mathematical models - Slope stability Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drought - AHP method - Crop development - Crop yield - Development process - Drought indices - Early warning - Future trends - Grid scale - Influence coefficient - Influence factors - Model outputs - Natural disasters - Prediction model - Risk factors - Risk indices - Soil types - Southern Ningxia - Spatial interpolation - Spatial resolution - Test results - Trend forecast - Water sensitive Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 484 Seismology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.008 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. <RECORD 68> Accession number:20112714112577Title:Earth pressure on pool wall and stress analysis on pool cover of underground biogas digester Authors:Gong, Wanting (1); Ding, Min (1); Xu, Qinglei (1); Jiang, Xiugen (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Jiang, X. (jiangxiugen@tsinghua.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:4 Issue date:April 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:270-276 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to ensure the security of underground biogas digester structure, the static, active and passive earth pressure of three kinds of soil were compared based on Rankine earth pressure theory, and earth pressure value on pool wall of underground biogas digester was determined. According to linear elastic finite-element analysis, the mechanical behavior of three different pool covers, such as slab, shell and truncated cone, were analyzed. The results showed that the earth pressure on pool wall could be considered as static earth pressure, and ring beam can make the maximum stress of truncated cone pool cover with circular opening decrease by 40%. It is necessary to set ring beam with it. Number of references:20 Main heading:Lakes Controlled terms:Biogas - Finite element method - Pressure distribution - Retaining walls - Stress analysis Uncontrolled terms:Biogas digesters - Circular opening - Earth pressure - Linear elastic - Maximum stress - Mechanical behavior - Passive earth pressure - Pool cover - Pool wall - Rankine earth pressure theory - Ring beams - Truncated cone Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 522 Gas Fuels - 951 Materials Science - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 406 Highway Engineering - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.04.048 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.
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- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
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