2011年5月第27卷第5期
Accession number:20112614103343Title:Land use and ecosystem service value scenarios simulation in Danjiangkou reservoir area Authors:Li, Yiqiu (1); Deng, Ou (2); Zhang, Dongyou (3); Han, Deliang (5); Feng, Zhongke (3) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; (2) Department of Resource and Environment, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (3) Institute of GIS, RS and GPS, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (4) Department of Life and Environment, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150000, China; (5) Institute of Turf Grass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Feng, Z. (fengzhongke@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:329-335 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water soure of the middle route of south-to-north water diversion project. Not only water flooded area will increase after the normal storage level in 2015, but also land-use will change. Based on the analysis of gray forecast, 3 target situation including ecological security, economic development and integrated development were designed. Meanwhile, temporal and spatial simulations were conducted on the land use and its value of ecosystem services in the reservoir area with CLUE-S model. The results indicate that: the change of each ecosystem type, size and spatial distribution pattern which caused by land use change before and after raising the water level can directly affect the type and intensity of services provided by ecosystem. The maximum total value is the objectives scenario of ecological security, which is 16.19 billion Yuan and 16.72 billion Yuan respectively before and after raising the water level. The minimum total value is the economic development target scenarios, which is 15.903 billion Yuan to 15.373 billion Yuan corresponding. The total values of ecosystem services are improved in all scenarios. The value raises 525 million Yuan, 530 million Yuan, 530 million Yuan and 542 million Yuan respectively in gray prediction, ecological security and economic development target scenarios and integrated development goals scenarios. Number of references:18 Main heading:Ecosystems Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Economic and social effects - Economics - Flood control - Land use - Reservoirs (water) - Water levels - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Danjiangkou reservoir - Ecological security - Economic development - Ecosystem services - Ecosystem services value - Flooded areas - Gray prediction - Integrated development - Land-use change - Middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project - Normal storage levels - Reservoir area - Scenarios simulation - Spatial distribution patterns - Spatial simulation - Total values Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 971 Social Sciences - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 441.2 Reservoirs - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 446.1 Water Supply Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.057 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103316Title:Design of wireless sensor network node for data transmission in tea plantations Authors:Wang, Weixing (1); Luo, Xiwen (1); Sun, Daozong (1); Jiang, Sheng (2); Xiao, Guokun (3) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (3) Samsung Guangzhou Mobile R and D Center, Guangzhou 510663, China Corresponding author:Luo, X. (xwluo@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:169-173 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A wireless sensor network (WSN) node was developed for information collection in a tea plantation, aimed at boosting wireless penetrating power through communication barriers. The node uses the ATmega128 as the core, a nRF905 RF chip and its periphery circuits as the wireless communication module, SHT11 temperature and humidity sensors and TDR-3 soil moisture sensor as its sensor module. Communication protocol, application program and background management software were compiled and embedded into the node. Communication distance and energy consumption of the node were tested and analyzed. The effective communication distance was measured up to 150m in broad smooth areas. By comparison with Micaz node of Crossbow, the indoor and outdoor distances of the node increase by 200% and 150% respectively. A WSN of 7 nodes was established for measuring temperature, humidity and soil water content in a tea plantation. Experimental results show that the average packet loss rate is 0.84% and the measurement precision is not less than 98.2%. The node is suitable for and could meet the needs of data acquisition in a tea plantation. Number of references:14 Main heading:Sensor nodes Controlled terms:Communication - Embedded software - Energy utilization - Moisture control - Sensors - Soil moisture - Water content - Wireless networks - Wireless telecommunication systems Uncontrolled terms:Application programs - Communication barriers - Communication distance - Effective communication - Information collections - Management software - Measurement precision - Measuring temperature - Node design - Packet loss rates - Periphery circuits - Sensor modules - Soil moisture sensors - Soil water content - Tea cultivation - Tea plantations - Temperature and humidity sensor - Wireless communications - Wireless sensor Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 801 Chemistry - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.030 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103313Title:Research on optimal operation for multi-units with variable speed in one pumping station based on the theory of experimental and integer programming method Authors:Zhang, Lihua (1); Cheng, Jilin (1); Zhang, Rentian (1); Gong, Yi (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) Jiangsu Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225009, China Corresponding author:Cheng, J. (jlcheng@yzu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:156-159 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Taking No.4 Jiangdu Pumping Station as a study case, which is one of the source stations in Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, the optimal operation of single pumping station for multiple pump units with variable speed was studied. The non-linear model of optimal daily operation for multiple pump units with variable speed was constructed with consideration of peak-valley electricity price and tides variation. Keeping the blade angle of pump unit at designed value, this model took the minimal electricity cost of multiple pump units as objective function, the time period as stage variable, the pump speed and quantity of operation units as decision variables, and the quantity of daily water pumped as constrain condition. The method which took the pump speed for experimental optimization, the quantity of operation units for linear integer programming was proposed to solve the model. The optimization results showed that under the average daily head of 7.8-3.8m, considering peak-valley electricity price and with 100% loads, the cost saving of water pumping per unit was -3.58%~-2.14% compared with operation in rating state, which showed that the optimization effect could not counteract the energy loss carried out by frequency converter. While under 80% and 60% loads, the optimization effect was obvious and the cost saving was 11.38%-15.71% and 24.79%-29.17% respectively. Under the average daily head of 7.8~3.8m, without considering peak-valley electricity price, the optimal operation had some benefits only under the low heads and with small operation loads(such as 5.8 m and 60% loads; 4.8 m and 80% loads; 3.8 m and 60% loads). While under the other heads and loads, the optimization effect could not counteract the energy loss carried out by frequency converter. The results can provide a new way for optimal operation of large-scale pumping station influenced by tides for multiple pump units with variable speed. Number of references:15 Main heading:Integer programming Controlled terms:Costs - Electricity - Electron energy loss spectroscopy - Energy dissipation - Flood control - Frequency converters - Landforms - Optimization - Pumping plants - Pumps - Speed - Tides - Water distribution systems - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Experimental optimization - Linear integer programming - Peak-valley electricity price - Pumping stations - Variable speed Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 801 Chemistry - 705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 618.2 Pumps - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 481.1 Geology - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 446 Waterworks DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.027 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103301Title:Application of a combined model based on wavelet analysis for predicting crop water requirement Authors:Tong, Changfu (1); Shi, Haibin (1); Bao, Xiaoqing (2); Li, Heping (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Areas, Ministry of Water Resources, Huhhot 010020, China Corresponding author:Shi, H. (shi_haibin@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:93-98 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Wavelet analysis was used to reconstruct the time series of the crop water requirement into different scales in order to reduce the randomicity, and then the reconstructed time series was predicted using grey and time series prediction method to increase the prediction accuracy of agricultural water requirement (non-stationary time series). The space of prediction and application of non-stationary time series were expanded through the combined model of wavelet analysis, gray and time series prediction methods. The crop water requirement in Erdos was validate by the method, and the results showed that the prediction accuracy was high and relative error less than 3%(2009). It can provide a new method for prediction of agricultural water requirement and has great significance to Erdos for rational use of water resources, planning and management, promoting social and economic sustainable development. Number of references:15 Main heading:Water resources Controlled terms:Crops - Forecasting - Mathematical models - Planning - Time series - Time series analysis - Wavelet analysis Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water - ARMA model - Combined model - Crop water requirements - Different scale - Gray prediction models - Non-stationary time series - Prediction accuracy - Randomicity - Relative errors - Time series prediction Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.015 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103335Title:Rural hydropower electricity production optimal scheduling model under dynamic uncertain environment Authors:Zhang, Rengong (1); Wang, Wanliang (1); Zhao, Yanwei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Computer Science Department, Zhejian University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (2) Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311231, China Corresponding author:Wang, W. (wwl@zjut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:275-281 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:With the consideration of some uncertain factors such as fuzzy dynamic characteristics, instantaneous load and uncertainty maintenance scheduling, etc, an optimal scheduling program model cannot be adopted in such uncertain circumstance. A networking-management based on dynamic uncertainty optimal scheduling model was designed. This model was composed of environment prediction database, scrolling time windows, time window optimization modules, time windows drivers, and feedback correction. In accordance with the actual power generating process in rural hydropower station, this model was optimized as following, firstly, I/O scheduler triggers based on environment prediction database was designed; secondly, a hybrid certainty and uncertainty limited scrolling time window was developed; thirdly, a time window driver was set up which consists of timer and event driver and finally uncertain factor compensatory functional feedback compensator was launched. The comparison result of optimized operation and experience based on operation showed that this mode can solve the uncertainty issues in power generating process in rural hydropower stations and improve the efficiency in power generating effectively. Number of references:15 Main heading:Scheduling Controlled terms:Electric substations - Hydroelectric power - Hydroelectric power plants - Ice control - Model predictive control - Optimal control systems - Optimization - Predictive control systems - Uncertainty analysis - Vehicle routing Uncontrolled terms:Comparison result - Dynamic characteristics - Dynamic uncertain environments - Electricity production - Feed-back correction - Feedback compensators - Hydropower electricity - Hydropower stations - I/O scheduler - Maintenance scheduling - ON dynamics - Optimal scheduling - Optimization module - Optimized operations - Predictive control - Program models - Time windows - Uncertain analysis - Uncertain factors Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 912.2 Management - 732 Control Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 922.1 Probability Theory - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 611.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants - 443.3 Precipitation - 432.4 Highway Traffic Control - 706.1 Electric Power Systems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.049 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103299Title:Estimation of summer corn canopy conductance by scaling up leaf stomatal conductance Authors:Zhang, Baozhong (1); Liu, Yu (1); Xu, Di (1); Cai, Jiabing (1); Zhao, Nana (1) Author affiliation:(1) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China Corresponding author:Zhang, B. (zhangbaozhong333@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:80-86 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Simulation of leaf stomatal conductance (g s) and scaling it up to canopy conductance (g c) were very important for understanding the corn evapotranspiration scaling transformation. Measurements of leaf stomatal conductance (g s) and canopy conductance (g c) were made at a summer corn field. The effect of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the water vapor deficit (VPD) on g s were analyzed, and the variation of g s was simulated and a model of scaling up g s to g c was developed. Results indicated that g s showed typical diurnal pattern with peaks occurred around 10:00-14:00. The g s increased with the increase of PAR, but decreased with the increase of VPD. And the diurnal variation of g s could be better expressed by the developed g s model using PAR and VPD. The scaling model was developed by integrating to achieve scaling up from g s to g c. Number of references:28 Main heading:Computer simulation Controlled terms:Water supply - Water vapor Uncontrolled terms:Canopy conductance - Corn - Corn canopy - Corn fields - Diurnal pattern - Diurnal variation - Leaf stomatal conductance - Photosynthetically active radiation - Scaling model - Scaling transformation - Scaling-up Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 723.5 Computer Applications DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.013 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103328Title:Hail monitoring and evaluation by remote sensing based on HJ-1A/1B CCD Authors:Li, Na (1); Liu, Huanjun (1); Huang, Wenjiang (3); Song, Ge (2); Zhang, Xinle (2); Shang, Qianqian (2) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (3) Beijing Research Center For Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China Corresponding author:Liu, H. (huanjunliu@yeah.net) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:237-243 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Because of the burstiness of the hail and the significant spatial heterogeneity of post-disaster impact, there are relatively fewer studies about hail monitoring and post-disaster evaluation. The typical hail in Gannan county of Heilongjiang province was selected as the study area, remote sensing images of HJ-1A/1B CCD and ground-measured hyperspectral reflectance data were used to carry on hail monitoring and post-disaster evaluation. This paper analyzed the reflection spectral characteristics and vegetation index of crops in different hail disasters extends based on measured spectral data. Hail monitoring and evaluation were conducted by vegetation index classification and ground investigation, using remote sensing image data of two time phases, and then the validation was made with the data of another phase. The results showed that the spectral reflectance characteristics of crops with different disaster degrees were significantly different; It was feasible to carry on hail monitoring by vegetation index classification; The different hail degree range got by NDVI difference value drawings of the RVI appeared coincident with the actual situation; spatial distribution characteristics are analyzed according to remote sensing classification results. The results can provide theoretical and technical support for hail monitoring and evaluation. Number of references:18 Main heading:Precipitation (meteorology) Controlled terms:Crops - Image reconstruction - Monitoring - Reflection - Remote sensing - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Burstiness - Distribution characteristics - Gannan county - Ground investigation - Hyperspectral reflectance - Remote sensing classification - Remote sensing images - Spatial heterogeneity - Spectral characteristics - Spectral data - Spectral reflectances - Study areas - Technical support - Vegetation index Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 443.3 Precipitation - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.042 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103314Title:Robust optimization design of full hydraulic steering control unit based on bond graph Authors:Gu, Jie (1); Shi, Boqiang (1); Hou, Youshan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Civil and Environment Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Gu, J. Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:160-163 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to realize the robust design of full hydraulic Steering Control Unit (SCU), based on the bond graph, the dynamic model was established, and the state equation of the SCU was obtained. With the SCU valve core diameter, equivalent rotation inertia, internal total compression capacity as the design variables and the minimum overshoot of the SCU flow response as the design objective, the traditional optimal design of SCU was firstly done, and then with the traditional optimal design result as the initial value, the robust optimal design was done for the SCU. By contrasting and analyzing the dynamic response results based on traditional optimal design and robust optimal design respectively, the robustly optimized SCU structure parameters was more reasonable, dynamic response peak overshoots reduced 12.5% and the robust was improved. Taking the traditional optimal design results as the initial value, the robust design of SCU is practical and effective. Number of references:13 Main heading:Design Controlled terms:Dynamic response - Equations of state - Graph theory - Hydraulics - Optimal systems - Optimization Uncontrolled terms:Bond graph - Compression capacity - Control unit - Core diameters - Design objectives - Design variables - Flow response - Initial values - Optimal design - Robust designs - Robust Optimal Design - Robust optimization design - State equations - Steering control - Structure parameter Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 632.1 Hydraulics - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.028 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103294Title:Impacts of the loading rate on the performance of a multi-stage filtration system removing pollutants in agricultural runoff Authors:Huang, Lei (1); Gao, Xu (1); Xie, Weidan (1); Chen, Junhong (1); Ma, Xiaoxia (1) Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China Corresponding author:Gao, X. (gaoxu@cqu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:46-51 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A multi-stage filtration system was built to indicate the impact of the loading rate on its performance in removing pollutants in agricultural runoff, which was located next to Lushan river in Gaofeng Town of Chongqing. The system was adaptive to variation of inflow quality and quantity. The average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH 4 -N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 35%, 73%, 37% and 54%, respectively. The effluent concentration increased with the increase of influent loading linearly. There was a significant logarithmic correlation between removal loading per unit area of the system and influent loading. The system was stable at low influent loading, but at high influent loading, the removal rate varied more. The removal loading and the effluent loading decreased steadily with the increase of the stages. Characteristics of clarification, vegetative filter strips and biological contact oxidation pond were combined in the filtration system. Number of references:25 Main heading:River pollution Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Biofiltration - Chemical oxygen demand - Clarification - Loading - Nitrogen removal - Phosphorus - Pollution - Sewage lagoons Uncontrolled terms:Biological contact oxidation - Chongqing - Effluent concentrations - Filtration systems - Loading rate - Loads - Multi-stage - Per unit - Removal rate - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorus - Vegetative filter strips Classification code:822.2 Food Processing Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 672 Naval Vessels - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453.1 Water Pollution Sources - 453 Water Pollution - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.008 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103312Title:Optimal design and experiment on a high-head non-overload submersible sewage pump Authors:Shi, Weidong (1); Jiang, Ting (1); Cao, Weidong (1); Lu, Weigang (1); Zhang, Desheng (1); Chen, Bin (2) Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Nanjing Lanshen Pump Company Limited, Nanjing 211500, China Corresponding author:Jiang, T. (jiangtingdz@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:151-155 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to achieve the high-head, high-efficiency and non-overload performance in low specific speed submersible sewage pump, the WQS150-48-37 submersible sewage pump was designed with different design methods, and 3 optimization plans were obtained. The models were established using Pro/E software and Fluent program was applied to analyze the interior flow field and predict the performance of the pump under multiple loading conditions. The comparison between the predicted performance data and the tested results showed that a high efficiency, high-head, and non-overload design scheme can be obtained by increasing the blade wrap angle and diameter of the volute, reducing the blade outlet angle, controlling channel diffusion reasonably. The pump with new-type passage centrifugal impeller which broke through the traditional design had wider high efficiency area, steep head curve and better non-overload performance. This study can provide a certain reference for optimization design of high-lift non-overload sewage pump. Number of references:15 Main heading:Design Controlled terms:Centrifugation - Computational fluid dynamics - Efficiency - Optimization - Sewage - Sewage pumps - Submersibles Uncontrolled terms:High-head - Hydraulic design - Low specific speed - Non-overload - Performances Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.1 Production Engineering - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 452.1 Sewage - 408 Structural Design DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.026 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103336Title:Application of lifting wavelet in transient power quality disturbance detection and location Authors:Xu, Tongyu (1); Piao, Zailin (1); Chen, Chunling (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Information and Electric Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning 110866, China Corresponding author:Xu, T. (yatongmu@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:282-286 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to non-stationary and burst capability of the transient power system disturbing signals, this paper analyzed the characteristics of Lifting Scheme Wavelet in detecting transient disturbing signals, proposed a method to detect and locate the transient power quality disturbances by db4 lifting wavelet transform. This method is used for detection and location in the MATLAB environment on the voltage swells, voltage sags, voltage interruption, frequency deviation, transient oscillation, transient pulse and other transient power quality disturbing signals, simulation results indicated that the method had a millisecond level accuracy and can be implemented precisely positioning on starting and ending time of the disturbance signals. Number of references:15 Main heading:Power quality Controlled terms:MATLAB - Signal detection - Transients - Wavelet transforms Uncontrolled terms:Disturbance signals - Disturbing signals - Frequency deviation - Lifting schemes - Lifting wavelet - Lifting wavelet transforms - MATLAB environment - Nonstationary - Simulation result - Transient disturbances - Transient oscillations - Transient power quality - Transient pulse - Voltage interruptions - Voltage sags - Voltage swells Classification code:621 Nuclear Reactors - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.050 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103306Title:Design and experiment on electronic control system for plot seeder Authors:Gong, Linong (1); Yuan, Yuliang (1); Shang, Shuqi (1); Jiang, Jinlin (1); Zheng, Yuenan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Corresponding author:Shang, S. (sqshang@qau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:122-126 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the precision and efficiency of plot seeders, an electronic control system was developed, which conld increase the accuracy and scientificity, decrease cost of breeding experiment in the field. A stepping motor was applied to control the rotation angle of cone compartment tray of the metering device. The centrifuging distributor was controlled by a direct-current motor, and two speed sensors were used for monitoring working speed to reduce the influence of skidding which caused inaccuracy of seeding length. The indoor experiment results showed that the inaccuracy for the rotation angle of cone compartment tray was less than 0.24% at all kinds of rotating speed; according to different seeds, the best distributor rotating speed was different. The speed respectively was 1560 r/min for colza seeds, 1020 r/min for Chinese cabbage seeds, 1560 r/min for sesame seeds, 780-1020 r/min for green bean seeds. Seeding in such speed could make sure that the coefficient of variation between rows was minimal and the best coefficient in rows was achieved. When the working speed was higher than 2.5 km/h, the coefficient of variation in the same rows was less than 15.4%. When the working speed was lower, the coefficient of variation in the same rows was higher. Number of references:12 Main heading:Seed Controlled terms:Centrifugation - Control theory - Experiments - Industrial electronics - Remote control - Rotating machinery - Rotation - Servomechanisms - Speed Uncontrolled terms:Chinese cabbage seeds - Coefficient of variation - Direct-current - Distributor - Electronic control systems - Green beans - Indoor experiment - Metering device - Metering devices - Rotating speed - Rotation angles - Speed sensors - Working speed Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 731.1 Control Systems - 931.1 Mechanics - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 705 Electric Generators and Motors - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.020 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103344Title:Design and application of a mini all-weather solar dryer Authors:Li, Biansheng (1); Shen, Xiaoxi (1); Liu, Weitao (1); Ruan, Zheng (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China Corresponding author:Li, B. (febshli@scut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:336-341 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the problems in traditional drying technology of preserved fruits, a mini all-weather solar dryer was designed and manufactured based on characteristics and requirements of preserved fruits produced in Guangdong province. The solar dryer is composed of heat-collection plate, drying chamber and blower. It can collect sun radiation to heat air and water, store heat through hot water tank. It also has an assistant heating system in water tank. Forced air convective drying, natural convective drying and greenhouse drying can be reached by the designed dryer. The experiments of drying Ganshimei (intermediate moisture salted plum) were carried out to test the dryer's performance. The working efficiency of heat-collection plate and drying chamber, the material balance and energy consumption of the drying system were calculated. And the parameters of the dryer were determined. The total drying efficiency of the forced air convective drying reached to a high level of 63.40%.Comparing with the traditional open sun drying, the drying rate of the forced air convective drying was 9.99 g/(100 g·h), which was 201.2% of the open sun drying's. And the drying time of the forced air convective drying was 12 h, much less than 50 h of the open sun drying's. Meanwhile the sugar and acid content loss of the forced air convective drying samples were less than that of the open sun drying samples. Number of references:20 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Driers (materials) - Energy utilization - Fruits - Heat convection - Solar dryers - Solar energy - Solar radiation - Sugars - Water tanks Uncontrolled terms:Acid content - Convective drying - Design and application - Drying chambers - Drying efficiency - Drying rates - Drying systems - Drying technology - Drying time - Greenhouse drying - Guangdong Province - Heating system - Hot water tanks - Material balance - Open sun drying - Preserved fruit - Sun radiation - Working efficiency Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 642.1 Process Heating - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 641.2 Heat Transfer DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.058 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103326Title:Monitoring wheat main growth parameters at anthesis stage by Landsat TM Authors:Tan, Changwei (1); Wang, Jihua (2); Zhao, Chunjiang (2); Wang, Yan (1); Wang, Junchan (1); Tong, Lu (1); Zhu, Xinkai (1); Guo, Wenshan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China Corresponding author:Guo, W. (guows@yzu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:224-230 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to acquire detail information of a regional winter wheat within growth season to instruct the production, the experiment was carried out in wheat growth season during 2007-2009 in Jiangsu province to monitor main growth parameters with Landsat TM data. The relationships of main growth parameters, grain quality and yield parameters at anthesis stage were analyzed, as well as the relationships of main growth parameters with satellite remote sensing variables. And then the quantitative relationship models were established and evaluated to monitor SPAD, biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf nitrogen content(LNC) in winter wheat using remote sensing spectral variables derived from Landsat TM images. The results showed that at anthesis stage, it was feasible to monitor wheat SPAD, biomass, LAI and LNC using the satellite remote sensing variables of nitrogenous reflection index (NRI), B4 and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) respectively. Based on sensitive remote sensing variables, the models for monitoring SPAD, biomass, LAI and LNC at anthesis stage in winter wheat were established, which the root mean square error (RMSE) for SPAD, biomass, LAI and LNC were 3.12, 216.5 kg/hm2, 0.269 and 0.162, respectively. Based on the monitoring models, the thematic mapping of monitoring SPAD, biomass, LAI and LNC under different grades at anthesis stage can be got to realize the spatial quantization expression for monitoring main growth parameters. The technology to obtain large area information using satellite remote sensing data can overcome the shortcoming of point sampling technology, and provide timely informations for agricultural production management decisions. Number of references:21 Main heading:Ecology Controlled terms:Biomass - Forestry - Grain growth - Industrial management - Monitoring - Remote sensing - Satellites Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural production management - Grain quality - Growth parameters - Growth season - Jiangsu province - LANDSAT TM - Landsat TM data - Landsat TM images - Leaf area index - Leaf nitrogen content - Main growth parameters estimation - Monitoring model - Monitoring models - Normalized difference vegetation index - Point sampling - Reflection index - Relationship model - Root mean square errors - Satellite remote sensing - Satellite remote sensing data - Spatial quantization - Spectral variables - Thematic mapping - Winter wheat - Yield parameters Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 912.2 Management - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 731.1 Control Systems - 655.2 Satellites - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.040 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103352Title:Effects of tea tree oil fumigation on banana postharvest disease Colletotrichum musae Authors:Jing, Wei (1); Su, Zipeng (1); Zhu, Deming (1); Han, Zhiping (1) Author affiliation:(1) Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Processing, Agricultural Product Processing Research Inst. at Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (2) Center for Food Quality Supervision, Testing and Inspection of Agriculture, Agricultural Product Processing Research Inst. at Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China Corresponding author:Jing, W. (163email26@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:378-384 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The effects of natural plants extracts against banana postharvest disease Colletotrichum musae was evaluated. The antifungal activity of 0~40 μL TTO(tea tree oil) and its main components (Terpinenol-4, α-Terpineol, γ-Terpinene and 1, 8-Cineole) against colony growth of C. musae in vitro and their effects on disease intensity and defense-related enzymes of banana fruits inoculated with C. musae were determined at 25°C and 75% relative humidity. Results showed that fumigation of TTO, Terpinenol-4 and α-Terpineol could significantly inhibit C. musae growth in vitro. In addition, the antifungal activity of TTO and its main components could be greatly enhanced with higher levels. Compared with non-treated fruits, 1.25 g/L TTO fumigation reduced lesion diameter of inoculated banana fruits, but less than 0.32 g/L Terpinenol-4 or α-Terpineol. Moreover. 1.25 g/L TTO fumigation induced significant increase in peroxidase(POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), but decreased polyphenoloxidase(PPO) activity. The preliminary study suggests that TTO fumigation is feasible on fresh-keeping and increasing of disease resistance in postharvest banana fruits, meanwhile, Terpinenol-4 and α-Terpineol are primary antifungal activities of TTO. Number of references:33 Main heading:Fruits Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Amino acids - Fumigation - Fungi - Plant extracts - Principal component analysis Uncontrolled terms:1 ,8-cineole - Active components - Anti-fungal activity - Banana - Banana fruits - Colletotrichum musae - Colony growth - Disease intensity - Disease resistance - In-vitro - Lesion diameter - Main component - Natural plants - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase - Polyphenol oxidase - Postharvest - Postharvest disease - Tea tree oil - Terpinene Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.9 Biology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.066 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103324Title:Networked condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system for hydraulic turbine set Authors:Li, Ming (1); Sun, Tao (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; (2) School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Corresponding author:Li, M. (lettermail.lm@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:213-218 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The safe operation of the large-medium hydraulic turbine set has great influence on the hydropower station and the grid. With analysis of the principle of the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of hydraulic turbine, a monitoring and diagnosis system for hydraulic turbine set was developed based on novel networks. The system had three layers that were interconnected by the RS-485 bus and Ethernet. The field nodes were designed based on 8-bit AVR ATmega8515. The monitoring station used a high performance industry PC to monitor the status of the hydraulic turbine, and had the functions of fault diagnosis by wavelet analysis and neural network method. The internet based remote monitoring and diagnosis system for the turbine set was realized by the web server. The experiment results showed that the vibration signals were measured accurately, and the two common types of turbine faults could be recognized effectively. Number of references:14 Main heading:Condition monitoring Controlled terms:Ethers - Hydraulic motors - Hydraulic turbines - Hydraulics - Neural networks - User interfaces - Wavelet analysis Uncontrolled terms:AVR - Fault diagnosis systems - Hydropower stations - Industry PC - Internet based - Monitoring and diagnosis - Monitoring stations - Neural network method - Remote monitoring - RS-485 bus - Safe operation - Three-layer - Vibration signal - Wavelet - Web servers Classification code:921 Mathematics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 632.1 Hydraulics - 617.1 Hydraulic Turbines - 603 Machine Tools DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.038 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103353Title:Preparation and properties of granular resistant starch Authors:Li, Suling (1); Deng, Xiaocong (2); Gao, Qunyu (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (2) Department of Engineering and Quality, Orion Food Company, Guangzhou 510800, China Corresponding author:Gao, Q. (qygao@scut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:385-391 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to enhance resistant starch (RS) content, and obtain optimal preparation conditions, high-amylose (~70%) corn starch (Hylon VII) were modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT), enzymatic treatment, and enzymatic treatment combined with HMT. The resulted highest RS content of three modification methods was 51.5%, 42.5% and 55.1%, respectively. Enzymatic treatment combined with HMT could increase resistant starch content. The results showed that after three modification methods, the products remained birefringent and granular appearance, and therefore they were granular resistant starch (RS2). Compared to native starch, appropriate HMT and enzymatic treatment could obviously increase amylose content. X-ray diffraction indicated that HMT and enzymatic treatment did not change the crystalline type and remained "B" type diffraction pattern. The differential scanning calorimeter pattern showed that the temperatures of the onset, peak, conclusion and enthalpy of gelatinization were increased. HMT and enzymatic treatment could prepare granular resistant starch with thermal stability. Number of references:15 Main heading:Starch Controlled terms:Differential scanning calorimetry - Diffraction - Gelation - Moisture - X ray diffraction Uncontrolled terms:Corn starch - Heat-moisture treatment - Property - Pullulanase - Resistant starch Classification code:711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.067 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103295Title:Simulation of non-point source pollution in the Shahe Reservoir catchment in Beijing by using SWAT model Authors:Liu, Bo (1); Xu, Zongxue (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Corresponding author:Xu, Z. (zxxu@bnu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:52-61 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the river discharge and Non-Point Source (NPS) pollution processes in the Shahe Reservoir catchment in Beijing. The model was run with data of ten years period (1999-2008). The simulation results of monthly discharge, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) showed that the SWAT model performed satisfactorily in the study area (R2=0.77~0.85, E ns=0.60~0.64 for monthly discharge; R2=0.65~0.78, E ns=0.53~0.72 for TN and TP). The NPS pollution contribution increased with the precipitation, which accounted for 30%~50% of total pollution in different hydrologic years. Nanshahe sub-watershed was the critical area in the pollution. The sediment and TP accounted for 70% of the total volume in the flood period from June to September. In addition, seven scenarios ware set up to analyze the degree of NPS pollution within different hydrological conditions, landuses and management measures by using SWAT model. Results show that, if all point sources reach, the standard level, and all farmland is change into forest, discharge and pollutant loads will decrease by 45%~50%. Pollutant loads will decrease by nearly 20% with the decrease of fertilizer uses. Nitrogen load per unit area in ranks is: orchard> farmland> pasture> forest> urban land. This study provides important scientific basis for the planning and management of the water resources in the Shahe Reservoir catchment. Number of references:17 Main heading:River pollution Controlled terms:Anoxic sediments - Catchments - Computer simulation - Farms - Geologic models - Phosphorus - Planning - Pollution - Reservoir management - Reservoirs (water) - Runoff - Water resources Uncontrolled terms:Critical area - Fertilizer use - Flood periods - Hydrological condition - Management measures - Nitrogen loads - Non-point source pollution - NPS pollution - Per unit - Point sources - Pollutant loads - Reservoir catchments - River discharge - Shahe reservoir - Simulation result - Soil and water assessment tool - Study areas - SWAT model - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorus Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 723.5 Computer Applications - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 441.2 Reservoirs - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 453 Water Pollution DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.009 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103293Title:Effects of controlled drainage on soil water and nitrogen changes in greenhouse Authors:Sun, Huaiwei (1); Yang, Jinzhong (1); Wang, Xiugui (1); Chen, Lin (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Corresponding author:Yang, J. (jzyang@whu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:37-45 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The controlled drainage is beneficial to avoiding the secondary salinity in the greenhouse. In order to analysis the soil water and nitrogen dynamics in the greenhouse, the RZWQM (Root Zone Water Quality Model) model was calibrated and validated based on the field experiment and used to analyze the soil water and nitrogen distributions in greenhouse. The root mean standard errors (RMSE) of predicted soil water contents were within the range of 0.038 to 0.050 cm3/cm3 during the calibration and the range of 0.040 to 0.081 cm3/cm3 during the validation. The results indicated that the RZWQM model could be used for the study of water and nitrogen changes in greenhouse field. The controlled drainage had significant effect on the water table depth, the tile drainage volume, tile drainage nitrogen and the seepage nitrogen by the different spacing and depth of underground pipe, on the contrary, the crop uptake was not affected by the controlled drainage. Number of references:22 Main heading:Nitrogen Controlled terms:Cultivation - Geologic models - Greenhouses - Soil moisture - Water quality Uncontrolled terms:Controlled drainage - Crop uptake - Field experiment - Nitrogen distribution - Nitrogen dynamics - Root zone water quality models - RZWQM model - Soil water - Soil water content - Standard errors - Tile drainage - Underground pipes - Water table depths Classification code:453.2 Water Pollution Control - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.007 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103319Title:China's grain security warning based on multifactor information fusion Authors:Su, Xiaoyan (1); Zhang, Huijie (2); Li, Zhiqiang (2); Deng, Yong (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Electronics and Information Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Digital Agricultural Early-warning Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, China; (3) College of Computer and Information Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China Corresponding author:Deng, Y. (dengyong@sjtu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:183-189 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:China is the largest food consumption country in the world. With the social and economic development, China's food security has become a global attention. Grain security research involves many uncertain factors: as well as quantitative and qualitative information. In order to get the grain security status comprehensively, we proposed a method to evaluate risk in grain security based on multifactor information fusion. In the method, the quantitative and qualitative information were used to construct the basic probability assignment, and the attribute weights was got based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. After that, the multifactor fusion results were got based on the Dempster combination rule. The effectiveness of the method was verified with a numeric example that the data comes from the yearbook of China in 2007. The Results show that the method is effective and can correctly reflect the grain safety warning degrees. Number of references:19 Main heading:Information fusion Controlled terms:Agriculture - Analytic hierarchy process - Food supply - Hierarchical systems - Robot learning Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy - Attribute weight - Basic probability assignment - Combination rules - Dempster - DS evidence theory - Economic development - Food consumption - Food security - Grain security - Multi-factor - Qualitative information - Uncertain factors Classification code:404.2 Civil Defense - 731.5 Robotics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921 Mathematics - 961 Systems Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.033 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103345Title:Design and experiment of directional transport device of freshwater fish bodies Authors:Gao, Xingxing (1); Tan, Hequn (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Corresponding author:Tan, H. (thq@mail.hzau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:342-347 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to manufacture an automatic directional transport feeding device for 6PYL-305-type fish splitting machine, a device to set the freshwater fishes' heads and backs in the desired direction was designed, and silver carp was taken as the research object. Based on the friction properties of silver carp, the mechanism of using the tilt vibration plate to set the freshwater fishes' heads forward and the gradient slide to set the freshwater fishes' backs up were theoretically discussed, and the experiment of directional transport for fresh silver carp of 0.75-1.0 kg was carried out. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that this device could set the freshwater fishes' heads and backs in the desired direction. The factors affecting heads forward setting of fishes such as the original orientation of the fish on the vibration plate, vibration frequency, excitation force of the motor, and inclination angle of the plate surface, and the factors affecting backs up setting of fishes including the angle of the gradient slide, vibration frequency, excitation force of the motor and the inclination angle of the plate surface were studied. The results showed that each factors had a significant impact on the directional time-consuming. The total success rate of heads forward setting of fishes was 97.53%, and setting time was within 0.65-3.75s. The success rate of backs up setting of fishes was 97.2%, and the setting time was within 0.65-3.75 s. The results can provide technology references for designing of feeding machine which can be used in continuous processing of freshwater fishes. Number of references:16 Main heading:Fish Controlled terms:Experiments - Silver Uncontrolled terms:Backs up - Directional - Gradient slide - Heads forward - Silver carp Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 547.1 Precious Metals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822 Food Technology - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.059 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103322Title:Data accessing method based on storage strategy in reliability experiment of agricultural equipment Authors:Tian, Zhaofeng (1); Ye, Ge (1); Yan, Chuliang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Tian, Z. (tzf@caams.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:202-206 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In the course of data acquisition of reliability experiment on agricultural equipments, there were some problems in data accessing program in Kam-500 data acquisition system such as simple functions, only reading all data in the CF card, limited data format, low storage efficiency etc. To solve the problems above, data accessing method based on storage strategy was put forward. Data accessing software centering on data description file was developed to enable user access to experimental data. It read and stored experimental data to specified data file format from compact Flash Card according to users storage strategy and data format description file. The data accessing method based on storage strategy meet the needs of storage efficiency improvement and reading flexibility. Number of references:7 Main heading:Data storage equipment Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Data description - Experiments - Reliability Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - CF card - Compact flash card - Data accessing - Data acquisition system - Data file format - Data format - Data storage - Experimental data - Limited data - Low-storage - Reliability test - Storage efficiency - User access Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.3 Database Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.036 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103320Title:Analysis on region grain security warning based on fuzzy least squares support vector machines Authors:Wang, Hejun (1); Deng, Feiqi (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China Corresponding author:Wang, H. (wanghj1974@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:190-194 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to enhance beforehand alarm precision on region grain security, due to the fuzzy speciality of beforehand alarm analysis on region grain security, a new fuzzy least squares support vector machines beforehand alarm model of region grain security based on chaos genetic algorithm is developed, in which the fuzzy membership function is set by using of clear sets to construct a fuzzy set and its parameters is optimized by using of chaos genetic algorithm. The application results revealed that beforehand alarm relative errors of the beforehand alarm model were less than 2.0%, and the connection of capability index parameters for region grain security can be expressed as: weight coefficient a 1 of grain self-sufficiency rate > weight coefficient a 2 of per capita share of grain > weight coefficient a 3 of grain production levels > weight coefficient a 4 of per capita arable land > weight coefficient a 5 of fluctuation coefficient in grain production. Some theoretical evidence will be given for implementing beforehand alarm analysis on region grain security speedly and effectively by the research results. Number of references:16 Main heading:Genetic algorithms Controlled terms:Alarm systems - Fuzzy sets - Membership functions - Support vector machines Uncontrolled terms:Alarm analysis - Arable land - Based-on chaos - Capability indices - Chaos genetic algorithm - Fluctuation coefficient - Fuzzy - Fuzzy least-squares support vector machines - Fuzzy membership function - Grain production - Grain security - Per capita - Relative errors - Research results - Support vector - Weight coefficients Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 921 Mathematics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.034 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103330Title:Effect of sky radiation and leaf scattering on maize canopy light interception by 3D modeling Authors:Kong, Ya (1); Lao, Cailian (1); Cao, Suyun (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Kong, Y. (cau_kongya@sohu.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:248-252 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this study, we utilized Parallel Monte-Carlo Ray-tracing model to quantify the effect of sky radiation and leaf scattering on canopy light interception. The simulation showed that more light intercepted by canopy and more leaves irradiated by sky light in diffuse radiation than in direct radiation with equal total radiant flux. When solar elevation is lower than 60°, canopy got more irradiance in clear sky than in overcast, while there was at least 60% of leaves got more irradiance in overcast than in clear sky. It was also manifested that the influence of leaf scattering on canopy light distribution was related with the wavelength of light. We simulated the light distribution in red (650 nm), green (540 nm) and infrared (760 nm) and found that the influence of leaf scattering on canopy light interception was largest in infrared, smaller in red, the smallest in green. These results can provide basic references for the research of plant canopy photosynthetic productivity and light environment simulation. Number of references:18 Main heading:Scattering Controlled terms:Atmospheric radiation - Radiation - Three dimensional - Three dimensional computer graphics Uncontrolled terms:3-d modeling - Clear sky - Diffuse radiation - Direct radiations - Leaf scattering - Light distribution - Light environment - Light interception - Maize canopy - MONTE CARLO - Photosynthetic productivity - Plant canopies - Ray-tracing model - Sky radiation - Solar elevation - Total radiant flux - Wavelength of light Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 723.5 Computer Applications - 902.1 Engineering Graphics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.044 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103339Title:Preparation of mechanical activated starch acetate and performance research of the biodegradable plastic films Authors:Chen, Yuan (1); Huang, Zuqiang (2); Xie, Zufang (1); Zhu, Wanren (1); Wu, Nianrong (1) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Chemistry and Biology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China; (2) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China Corresponding author:Huang, Z. (huangzq@gxu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:298-304 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve properties of starch-based biodegradable plastic films, the mechanical activated starch acetate (MASA) was synthesized from mechanical activated maize starch (MAS) with activation time for 1.0 h. At the same time, the biodegradable plastic films were produced by thermal gelatinization of starch suspensions blending MASA with degree of substitution and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). By Fourier transform infrared spectrogram (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the microstructure, particle shape, thermal stability were studied. The mechanical properties and biodegrade ability of the MASA/PVA were investigated by comparing with those of native starch acetate (SA). The results indicated that the microstructure and particle shape changed greatly and thermal property of MASA increased compared with those of MAS and native starch. The properties of MASA/PVA were better than those of SA/PVA, and the tensile strength of the MASA/PVA with MASA (DS=0.1) was 3.56 MPa, the breaking elongation was 146.22% before soaking in water, and the absorption of water was 134.79% after 24 h. Hot water resistance properties was good, and the rate of biodegradation was 45.90% in the soil after 20 days. The mechanical activation pretreatment effectively improved the properties of biodegradable plastic films. Number of references:19 Main heading:Biodegradable polymers Controlled terms:Biodegradation - Blending - Degradation - Differential scanning calorimetry - Film preparation - Fourier transforms - Gelation - Mechanical properties - Microbiology - Microstructure - Plastic films - Polyvinyl acetates - Protective coatings - Scanning electron microscopy - Starch - Tensile strength - Thermodynamic properties - Volatile fatty acids - Water absorption Uncontrolled terms:Activation time - Biodegradable plastics - Breaking elongation - Degree of substitution - Fourier transform infrared - FTIR - Hot water - Maize starch - Mechanical activate - Mechanical activation - Native starch - Particle shape - Performance research - Pre-Treatment - Spectrograms - Starch acetates - Starch suspension - Starch-based - Structure properties Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 813.2 Coating Materials - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 454 Environmental Engineering - 461.9.2 Microbiology - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.053 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103304Title:Torque simulation of wind turbine based on brushless DC motor Authors:Guo, Tianyong (1); Zhao, Gengshen (1); Zhao, Yao (1); Cheng, Ruqi (1); Zhao, Ergang (1); Qi, Chao (1) Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China Corresponding author:Guo, T. (gty_0101@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:111-116 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to solve the problem that the study of wind power generation was restricted by nature conditions, this paper proposed a novel simulation scheme by using brushless DC motor instead of wind turbine, the torque imitation was implemented by controlling the DC side current, and the current loop adopted the control method of radial basis function neural network combined with PI control. A system simulation model was built by Matlab/Simulink, and a hardware platform based on brushless DC motor and permanent magnet generator was also established, which was controlled by DSP. Simulation and experimental results were consistent with theoretical torque, and the torque ripple of brushless DC motor was effectively reduced. This control method is simple with high control precision, and can provide a new idea for the design of the simulation system. Number of references:19 Main heading:Brushless DC motors Controlled terms:Computer simulation - DC power transmission - Electric motors - Electric power generation - Magnetic devices - Neural networks - Permanent magnets - Radial basis function networks - Torque - Wind power - Wind turbines Uncontrolled terms:Control methods - Control precision - Current loop - DC side - Hardware platform - MATLAB /simulink - Permanent magnet generator - PI control - Radial basis function neural networks - Radial basis functions - Simulation - Simulation systems - System simulation models - Torque ripple - Torque ripples - Torque simulation Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 705.3.2 DC Motors - 705.3 Electric Motors - 704.1 Electric Components - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.018 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103308Title:Design and experiment on portable shear tester for crop stalks Authors:Zhang, Hui (1); Hou, Jialin (1); Lang, Xuqiang (1); Wang, Huahua (1); Chen, Menglan (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271000, China Corresponding author:Hou, J. (jlhou@sdau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:131-135 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to determine the shearing properties of crop stalks conveniently and accurately, a portable manual/electricity controlled shear tester was developed. In this system, the AC motor or spring was used as actuators, an embedded system based on STM32 MCU was used as control platform, and a pull pressure transducer was used to collect pressure signal. The pressure curves or other experimental results can be displayed in terminal and stored in SD card in real time, the work and maximum values could also be calculated concurrently. The experimental results showed that this system was credible and stable, and the accuracy reached 0.84%. This system can meet the requirement of shearing force detection and is convenient to the study of mechanical characteristics for crop stalks. Number of references:16 Main heading:Crops Controlled terms:AC generator motors - Pressure transducers - Shearing Uncontrolled terms:Control platform - Maximum values - Mechanical characteristics - Pressure curve - Pressure signal - Real time - Shear tester - Shearing force - Shearing property - Shearing stress Classification code:604.1 Metal Cutting - 705.3.1 AC Motors - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.022 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103341Title:Biodiversity protection in land consolidation in Karst areas Authors:Xie, Miaomiao (1); Li, Chao (2); Liu, Xitao (2); Fu, Meichen (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, The Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China Corresponding author:Xie, M. (xmiaomiao@gmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:313-319 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A demonstration area for European Union-China Biodiversity Programme (ECBP) in Libo, Guizhou, China, as a representative karst area, was involved in this study. Firstly, the evaluation of ecological sensitivity was applied to regionalization for formulating the land consolidation strategies, including land consolidation zone, conservation zone of natural vegetation, conservation zone of forest edge, reconstruction zone of river ecosystem, and ecological corridor area. Secondly, by the 'least-cost' modeling, the ecological corridors for enhancing the connectivity for protective animals were chosed. The hot spots in landscape were defined by the importance in ecosystem to be protected as habitat patches. Following the optimization of landscape pattern, ecological engineering including irrigation and drain engineering, restoration of land productive, vegetation reconstruction, and road layout were designed for biodiversity conservation. The results showed that the interdependence of cultural landscapes, landscape pattern and ecological infrastructure optimization in land consolidation project planning could coordinate the social, economic, and ecological benefits. This study can supply a theoretical reference and practical approach for biodiversity conservation in land consolidation planning. Number of references:32 Main heading:Biodiversity Controlled terms:Animals - Conservation - Ecosystems - Environmental management - Environmental protection - Landforms - Optimization - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Agro-landscape - Biodiversity conservation - Biodiversity protection - Consolidation projects - Cultural landscape - Ecological benefits - Ecological engineering - Ecological sensitivity - Forest edge - Guizhou - Guizhou , China - Habitat patches - Hot spot - Karst - Karst areas - Land consolidation - Landscape pattern - Natural vegetation - River ecosystem Classification code:822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 481.1 Geology - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 454 Environmental Engineering - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.055 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103298Title:Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Xinjiang Authors:Zhang, Shanqing (1); Pu, Zongchao (1) Author affiliation:(1) Urumqi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830001, China Corresponding author:Pu, Z. (puzongchao@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:73-79 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Reference evapotranspiration(ETo) is an important index for reflecting atmospheric evapotranspiration ability, evaluating climate drought, vegetation water-consumption. Based on the climatic data of 101 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2008 in Xinjiang, the annual ETo was calculated with Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO in 1998, and the spatial and temporal variation characteristic of the annual ETo and its climatic causes were analyzed by using linear regression method, Mann-Kendall abrupt test and three-dimensional quadratic trend surface simulation and inverse-distance square weighting residual error revising based on GIS. The main results show that the spatial distribution of annual ETo was obviously different in the different regions of Xinjiang. Generally, the annual ETo was larger in southern than it in northern, eastern was larger than western, basin (valley) was larger than in mountain regions in Xinjiang. By the comprehensive influence of the significantly increasing tendency of the mean temperature and air relative humidity, and the significantly decreasing of the sunshine hour and the wind speed, the annual ETo was significantly decreasing and it had significantly sudden decrease in 1981, but the decrease rate and range of the annual ETo had distinct regional differences. In general, the decrease rate and range of the annual ETo was large in the area of the ETo stronger, and vice versa. It has important significance of annual ETo decrease to reducing the amount of crop water requirement and farmland irrigation, reducing surface dryness, and improving vulnerable ecological environment in Xinjiang. Number of references:26 Main heading:Evapotranspiration Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Crops - Geographic information systems - Landforms - Water supply Uncontrolled terms:Climatic causes - Geographic infovmation system - Penman-Monteith equations - Spatial temporals - Xinjiang Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 481.1 Geology - 723.3 Database Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.012 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103325Title:Layout optimization policy of soil moisture sensors with genetic algorithm Authors:Wu, Zhenyu (1); Sun, Jun (1); Wang, Yishou (2); Jin, Bo (1); Li, Li (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Innovation Experiment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (2) School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China Corresponding author:Jin, B. (jinbo@dlut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:219-223 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To optimize the layout of soil moisture sensors in water-saving irrigation system, we proposed an interactive policy which was combined with global optimization genetic algorithms and improved weighted round layout theory. This approach was designed based on constraints of sensors performance such as the accuracy of coverage and overlay restrictions. With the help of bringing expert knowledge into the interaction and adopting decimal codes within the genetic algorithm, this interactive policy was easy to be updated and transplanted in other areas by cooperating with other algorithms or by adding extra parameters. The experimental results indicated the optimal approach proposed in this paper decreased the cost by 17.5% than quadrangle layout approach and by 34.0% than hexagon layout approach. Number of references:14 Main heading:Moisture control Controlled terms:Genetic algorithms - Global optimization - Moisture determination - Moisture meters - Optimization - Sensors - Soil moisture - User interfaces - Water conservation Uncontrolled terms:Expert knowledge - Layout optimization - Optimal layout - Optimization genetic algorithms - Other algorithms - Soil moisture sensors - Water-saving irrigation Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 944.1 Moisture Measuring Instruments - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 801 Chemistry - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.039 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103337Title:Process optimization for producing 2, 3-butanediol by fermentation of cotton stalk hydrolysate after detoxification Authors:Zhang, Genlin (1); Jiang, Yinglan (2); Ban, Lili (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China Corresponding author:Jiang, Y. (shihz@sina.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:287-291 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:2, 3-Butanediol is an important chemical product. Utilization of cotton stalk hydrolysate instead of starch for 2, 3-butanediol production can ensure food security and reduce costs. Cotton stalk was hydrolyzed by dilute acid in this research. The detoxification of furfural and phenol from cotton stalk dilute acid hydrolysate was performed by microwave assistant heating-activated carbon adsorption method, the optimized technical conditions were determined as activated carbon 1%, microwave power 330 W and detoxification time 10 min. The detoxification ratio of furfural was 81.2% and 92.3% of phenol, and the loss of total sugar was only 10.6%. The batch cultures showed that the biomass of Klebsiella pneumoniae XJ-Li and the yield of 2, 3-butanediol reached to peak value when the total sugar concentration was 40 g/L in media. The results of research demonstrated that the inhibition effect of high concentration of cotton stalk hydrolysate on the growth and metabolic of microorganism could be reduced by fed-batch fermentation. The multiplexed regulation method of adding 60 mg/L of vitamin C into media and maintaining pH of broth at 5.5 was applied, and 45.1 g/L of 2, 3-butanediol was reached with the yield of 0.45 g/g. The cornhusk dilute acid hydrolysate after detoxification can be the substitution of glucose as a carbon source for producing succinic acid by anaerobic fermentation. Fermentation experiments showed that it is feasible to produce 2, 3-butanediol by fermentation using cotton stalks hydrolyzate detoxified as a carbon source. Number of references:16 Main heading:Cotton Controlled terms:Activated carbon - Adsorption - Aldehydes - Batch cell culture - Detoxification - Fermentation - Food supply - Furfural - Glucose - Hydrolysis - Optimization - Phenols Uncontrolled terms:2 - 2 ,3-butanediol - 3-Butanediol - A-carbon - Anaerobic fermentation - Batch culture - Carbon adsorption - Chemical products - Cotton stalk - Dilute acids - Dilute-acid hydrolysate - Fed-batch fermentation - Food security - High concentration - Inhibition effect - Klebsiella pneumoniae - Microwave power - Peak values - Succinic acids - Sugar concentration - Technical conditions - Vitamin C Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 404.2 Civil Defense DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.051 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103292Title:Effect of various tillage measures on cotton verticillium wilt in drip irrigation cotton field under film Authors:Wang, Lan (1); Feng, Hongzu (1); Gong, Mingfu (2); Zhou, Ligang (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China; (3) College of Agronomy and Biolechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China Corresponding author:Zhou, L. (lgzhu@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:31-36 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Drip irrigation technology under film is an integrated technique of advanced cultivation and irrigation in the cotton field. The effect of various tillage measures on cotton verticillium wilt and its antagonistic microorganisms was studied. The results showed that under drip irrigation conditions, with the extension of continuous cropping year, the disease severity (DS) of verticillium wilt became more and more serious, and the maximum was in continuous cropping 10 years then decreased, and the quantity change of microselerotia of Verticillium dahliae was basically identical with verticillium wilt disease index. Under continuous cropping conditions, the number of bacteria in soil presented the trend of decrease, but actinomycetes and fungi were opposite. The inhibition effect of rice-cotton rotation on Verticillium wilt was a gradual decay process in the serious disease fields, and the disease index for the fifth year after rotation restored to the level before rotation. The deep plowing (60 cm) could significantly reduce the number of microselerotia in 0-30 cm plough layer. Under the drip irrigation conditions, the antagonistic microorganisms existed in the whole cotton growth period, but the species and quantity of antagonistic microorganisms were constantly changing. Fifteen strains with high antagonistic effect were obtained by using confront culture, so as to lay a foundation for the further exploitation and application of biocontrol preparation against verticillium wilt. Number of references:16 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Bacteria - Biocontrol - Cotton - Microbiology - Rotation Uncontrolled terms:Antagonistic effects - Antagonistic microorganism - Cotton growth - Decay process - Disease index - Disease severity - Drip irrigation - Inhibition effect - Integrated techniques - Microselerotia - Verticillium dahliae - Verticillium wilt Classification code:461.9 Biology - 461.9.2 Microbiology - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.006 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103342Title:County-level ecological sustainability assessment based on improved ecological footprint model Authors:He, Feng (1); Zhang, Qingfeng (1); Wang, Li (1); Zhang, Kuanping (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Water Conservancy Bureau of Changwu County, Changwu 713600, China Corresponding author:Zhang, Q. (zhqf@nwsuaf.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:320-328 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:According to the deficiencies of traditional EFM, in this paper, the improved EFM (IEFM) was discussed thoroughly. Changwu county of Shaanxi province was taken as the special region to validate the feasibility and usability of IEFM. The results showed that: 1) Ecological footprint per capita of Changwu county was 0.29 hm2, and ecological carrying capacity per capita was 1.23 hm2, thus the ecological surplus per capital was 0.94 hm2; 2) Ecological optimum population was 7.208 × 105, which the proportion to actual population was 0.24, Ecological efficiency (EE) was 1540 thousand yuan per hm2; 3) Arable land and fossil energy land of Changwu county made up 72% of ecological footprint per capita; Forestry and pasturage land made up 27% of ecological footprint per capita; Built-up land, electric power land, water area and other land make up 1.2% of ecological footprint per capita; 4) ecological footprint per capita and ecological carrying capacity per capita of the IEFM calculation were 0.515 and 5.467 times of EFM, and opposite conclusion was gained in the analysis of the ecological deficit/surplus. This showed that, pressure to natural ecosystems was within the ecological capacity, the ecological system of Changwu county was relatively safe and the whole economic development was in sustainable situation. Number of references:25 Main heading:Ecology Controlled terms:Agriculture - Sustainable development Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Changwu county. - Ecological capacity - Ecological carrying capacity - Ecological deficit - Ecological efficiency - Ecological footprint - Ecological sustainability - Ecological systems - Economic development - Electric power - Fossil energy - Natural ecosystem - Optimum population - Per capita - Water areas Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.056 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103334Title:Slagging characteristics of sawdust gasification in updraft gasifier Authors:Li, Bin (1); Chen, Hanping (1); Yang, Haiping (1); Wang, Xianhua (1); Zhang, Shihong (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China Corresponding author:Chen, H. (hp.chen@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:270-274 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To discuss the mechanism of sawdust slagging, slag was formed by controlling gasification conditions on a self-made updraft biomass gasifier, the slagging condition and location were analyzed, and slag samples were also characterized in detail. The results showed that, as air flow rate increasing, the oxidation temperature of the gasifier increased sharply, and the gasification intensity enhanced obviously. As air flow rate exceeded to 3.5 m3/h, the gasification intensity was higher than 112.7 kg/(m2·h), and the oxidation temperature was up to 1129°C, thus slagging was easy to generate inside the gasifier. The slagging in the updraft gasifier belongs to over-temperature slagging, and it was mainly formed in the oxidation zone at the bottom of the gasifier by the biomass ash melted and bonded, and finally condensed in the cooling process after shutdown the gasifier. The slag sample appeared block shape and gray-black color, with very low carbon content, hard texture and compact structure. High-temperature melting and cooling condensation caused its internal pore structure collapse and the surface pore occlusion, the specific surface area and pore volume were both very low. During the high temperature slagging process, the content of the low melting point and highly volatile elements such as alkali metal (K), alkaline earth metal (Mg, Ca), P, S, etc. decreased, while the high melting point and difficult volatile elements such as Al, Si, etc. were enriched. Compare with the biomass ash prepared at 550 and 815°C, high temperature melting changed the crystal form, and besides SiO 2, much silicate eutectic was also formed in the slag samples including Ca(Mg, Al, Fe)Si 2O 6, CaMg(SiO 3) 2, KAlSi 3O 8, K(Si 3Al)O 8 and Ca(Fe, Mg)(SiO 3) 2, etc. Number of references:15 Main heading:Gasification Controlled terms:Air - Aluminum - Biomass - Calcium - Flow rate - Melting point - Oxidation - Silicates - Silicon - Slags - Surface structure Uncontrolled terms:Air flow-rate - Biomass ashes - Biomass gasifier - Compact structures - Cooling process - Crystal forms - Gasifiers - High melting point - High temperature - High-temperature melting - Low carbon - Low melting point - Oxidation temperature - Oxidation zones - Pore volume - Slagging characteristics - Slagging process - Surface pores - Volatile elements Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 631 Fluid Flow - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 414 Masonry Materials - 413 Insulating Materials - 412 Concrete - 406 Highway Engineering - 541.1 Aluminum DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.048 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103340Title:Calculation of circulation potentials of the rural collective construction land in Chongqing city Authors:Lu, Chunyang (1); Wen, Feng (2); Yang, Qingyuan (3); Ni, Jing (3); Dai, Peiqi (3); Wang, Cheng (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment of South West University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) Suvery and Urban Spatial Information Department of Henan University of Urban Construction Henan, Pingdingshan 467001, China; (3) School of Geographical Sciences of South West University, Chongqing 400715, China Corresponding author:Yang, Q. (yizyang@swu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:305-312 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The calculation of circulation potentials of the rural collective construction land can provide the objective basis for its value quantization and financing in balancing urban and rural development, and also basis for the management of the rural collective construction land. The connotation definition of circulation potentials of the rural collective construction land is given in this paper, and then by taking Chongqing as an example, the theoretical reclamation potentials of rural collective construction land which then modified by the impact factor correction index system that is established with the help of AHP method was calculated by the per-capital standard method. On that basis, the introduction of calculation model of the circulation potentials and modification of the theoretical circulation potentials with the help of impact factor correction index system that established by principal component analysis, entropy method finally lead to realistic potentials of rural collective construction land circulation among the year 2009-2015 and 2009-2020 in Chongqing city; and according to its spatial-temporal differentiation the whole area are then divided into several categories. The results showed that the potential of rural collective construction land reclamation was the basis of potential circulation; by the year 2015 and 2020, realistic circulation potential respectively would be 30392.32 hm2 and 40591.49 hm2; circulation potentials was vast, but tspatial-temporal differentiation was significant with its different realization degree. And various realistic potentials in different areas should be taken into consideration in the circulation arrangement of time sequence and scale of the rural construction land. Number of references:21 Main heading:Land reclamation Controlled terms:Indexing (of information) - Principal component analysis - Reclamation - Regional planning - Rural areas Uncontrolled terms:AHP method - Calculation models - Chongqing - Chongqing cities - Construction land - Entropy methods - Impact factor - Index systems - Realistic potentials - Reclamation potential - Rural constructions - Rural development - Spatial temporals - Standard method - Time sequences Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.054 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103305Title:Numerical simulation and analysis of vibration screening based on EDEM Authors:Li, Hongchang (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Tang, Zhong (1); Xu, Lizhang (1); Zhao, Zhan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China Corresponding author:Li, Y. (ymli@ujs.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:117-121 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to find the best kinematical parameters (amplitude, frequency, vibrating direction angle), to improve efficiency and reduce the loss, vibration screening process simulation was carried out by EDEM software. Simulation results showed that, as amplitude and frequency increased, longitudinal moving speed of the material and efficiency of the material passing through screen increased; the screening loss occurred at amplitude 40 mm and frequency 6 Hz. Within 25° to 45° range, longitudinal moving speed of the material increased as vibration direction angle increased, the maximum velocity was occurred at 45°; When vibration direction angle exceeded 45°, longitudinal moving speed of the material gradually decreased; Efficiency of the material passing through screen was the highest at 35°, which then gradually reduced with the vibration direction angle increased after 35°. Comparison of measured value with simulated value demonstrated adequate agreement. The numerical simulation by using EDEM has correctness and feasibility. Number of references:13 Main heading:Vibration analysis Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Computer software - Efficiency - Materials - Numerical analysis Uncontrolled terms:Direction angle - Maximum velocity - Moving speed - Screening process - Simulation result - Vibrating direction Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.019 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103329Title:Prediction of chlorophyll content using spectral response characteristics of greenhouse tomato Authors:Ding, Yongjun (1); Li, Minzan (1); An, Dengkui (1); Li, Shuqiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Information Engineering College of Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730030, China Corresponding author:Li, M. (limz@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:244-247 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to estimate chlorophyll content of greenhouse tomato leaves fast and accurately and improve the precision management of tomato crop, this research studied the correlation of the chlorophyll content and spectral response at different growth stages of greenhouse tomato. Leaf spectral measurements from each treatment (4 N levels: 0%, 33.3%, 66.6%, 100%) were taken in the greenhouse using ASD FieldSpec HH. Chlorophyll content of tomato leaves were measured by alcoholic-acetone extraction in chemistry lab. It was found that Chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was increasing continuously to the maximum 50 days after the transplantation, while red edge moved to direction of NIR(long wave), green peak position moved to direction of blue light(short wave) and green peak amplitude decreased. The chlorophyll content would decrease after fruiting stage, while red edge, green peak position and its amplitude moved to the opposite direction. For quantitative analysis the relationship between chlorophyll content and spectral response, red edge parameters (S red(area of red edge), D red (amplitude of red edge) and P red (position of red edge )) in the first derivative reflectance curve were obtained at bands of 680 nm to 760 nm. Similarly, blue edge, green peak and red valley parameters were defined to reflect spectral character. Vegetation indices have been used extensively to estimate the vegetation growth status. So the following wavelength were used for developing RVI, NDVI and ARVI index: λ 440 nm, λ 500 nm, λ 550 nm, λ 680 nm, λ 770 nm, P blue (position of blue edge), P yellow (position of yellow edge), P red (position of red edge), P greenpeak (position of green peak), P redvalley (position of red valley). Seven optimal spectral characteristics parameters were chosen with the method of Karhunen-Loeve from the above-mentioned 68 self-defined feature parameters. At last, stepwise multiple regression (SMLR), principal component regression (PCR), ridge regression (RR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to develop the prediction models of the chlorophyll content of tomato leaf. The best model was obtained by RR. Root MSE was 0.406 and R-Square was 0.839. Number of references:15 Main heading:Chlorophyll Controlled terms:Acetone - Forecasting - Forestry - Fruits - Greenhouses - Infrared devices - Landforms - Mathematical models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Principal component analysis - Regression analysis - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Best model - Blue light - Chlorophyll contents - Feature parameters - First derivative - Greenhouse tomatoes - Growth stages - Karhunen-Loeve - Long waves - NIR spectroscopy - Partial least-squares regression - Peak amplitude - Peak position - Prediction model - Principal component regression - R square - Red edge - Red edge parameters - Reflectance curve - Ridge regression - Short waves - Spectral characteristics - Spectral characters - Spectral measurement - Spectral response - Spectral response characteristics - Stepwise multiple regression - Tomato - Tomato crops - Tomato leaf - Tomato leaves - Vegetation growth - Vegetation index Classification code:481.1 Geology - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.043 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103331Title:Application of brick wall with phase change rice husk in solar greenhouse Authors:Wang, Hongli (1); Li, Xiaoye (2); Zou, Zhirong (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China Corresponding author:Zou, Z. (zjzp@public.xa.sn.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:253-257 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The heat storage charatistics of solar greenhouse wall can affect the indoor temperature and crop growth environment. Parrafin and n-butyl stearate mixed with mass ratio 5:5 was chose as compound phase change material(PCM). The compound PCM was absorbed by rice husk to be stabilized PCM. Two greenhouses were built with the PCM bricks and normal bricks respectively. From differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the transition temperature was about from 15°C to 45°C, while the melting and freezing latent were 58.14 and 70.63 kJ/kg. The indoor temperature and wall surface temperatures were measured. The temperature fluctuation in PCM greenhouse was 4.1°C lower than that in normal greenhouse. The lowest temperature in PCM greenhouse was 1.7°C higher than that in normal greenhouse, while the highest temperature in PCM greenhouse was 2.4°C lower than that in normal greenhouse. The Chaoguan NO.1 tomato was cultivated in two test greenhouses. The growth status was better in PCM greenhouse. The conclusion is that the PCM wall has good effects on the indoor temperature and the crop growth. Number of references:15 Main heading:Greenhouses Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Brick - Crops - Differential scanning calorimetry - Fruits - Heat storage - Phase change materials - Phase transitions - Solar heating - Space heating - Walls (structural partitions) Uncontrolled terms:Brick wall - Compound phase - Crop growth - Highest temperature - Indoor temperature - Mass ratio - Phase Change - Rice husk - Solar greenhouse - Temperature fluctuation - Tomato growth - Wall surface temperature Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 616 Heat Exchangers - 615 Thermoelectric, Magnetohydrodynamic and Other Power Generators - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 414.2 Brick Materials - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 402 Buildings and Towers DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.045 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103310Title:Improvement of inverted pendulum test bench for inertial parameters measurement based on virtual prototype Authors:Chu, Zhigang (1); Jiang, Zhonghan (1); Wu, You (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (2) The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China Corresponding author:Chu, Z. (zgchu@cqu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:141-146 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A new measurement flow and data processing method for inertial parameters by using inverted pendulum test bench was proposed, which could efficiently identify the center of mass and inertial matrix of tested object. By utilizing ADAMS, the virtual prototype of inverted pendulum test bench for inertial parameters measurement was established and simulation was done. The results showed that the accuracy could be obviously improved by decreasing the shaft offset and the moment of inertia of the test bench. Furthermore, a non-bias axis inertial pendulum test bench was designed. Finally, the inertia parameters of a vehicle powertrain including mass center and inertia matrix were identified. The system can provide conditions to obtain the inertial parameters of complex components efficiently and accurately. Number of references:17 Main heading:Pendulums Controlled terms:Data handling - Flight dynamics - Testing Uncontrolled terms:Center of mass - Complex components - Data processing methods - Inertia matrix - Inertia parameters - Inertial matrix - Inertial parameters - Inertial pendulum - Inverted pendulum - Mass centers - Measurement-based - Moment of inertia - Test benches - Tested objects - Virtual prototype Classification code:423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.5 Gravitation, Relativity and String Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.024 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103290Title:Evaluation of drip emitter clogging with reclaimed wastewater irrigation Authors:Yan, Dazhuang (1); Yang, Peiling (1); Li, Yunkai (1); Ren, Shumei (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Yang, P. (yang-pl@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:19-24 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:With the growing utilization of drip irrigation with wastewater, emitter anti-clogging capability becomes a critical problem. Six representative type drip emitters were tested with 360 h reclaimed wastewater irrigation. The influence of emitter path dimensions in the clogging process was tested using statistics methods, and the sediments in the flow path were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM) after the whole irrigation. The results indicated that the different type of emitter showed the different discharge decline process and the range of discharges reduction in this experiment is 14.4%-72.2%. Hydraulic diameter, length, dentation space, dentation height of flow path had the influences on the clogging process and the hydraulic diameter showed the inverse relationship on the plugging process in the respective regions. The particles in the matrix of the bacteria (biofilm) coupling extracellular polysaccharides and forming flocculation were found in the emitter flow path and the clogging process started from microorganism sediment in this experiment. The results were helpful to the emitter anti-clogging design for the reclaimed wastewater application on drip irrigation. Number of references:14 Main heading:Wastewater reclamation Controlled terms:Anoxic sediments - Electron microscopes - Experiments - Flocculation - Hydraulics - Irrigation - Scanning electron microscopy - Sedimentology - Sewage - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment Uncontrolled terms:Clogging - Drip emitter - Environmental - Hydraulic diameter - Scanning electron microscope (SEM) waste water Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 932 High Energy Physics; Nuclear Physics; Plasma Physics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 632.1 Hydraulics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.004 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103315Title:Effect of tillage managements, sowing depth and soil-covering on the seedlings quality of mechanical sowing wheat under intercropping condition Authors:Zheng, Ting (1); Fan, Gaoqiong (1); Wang, Xiufang (1); Wu, Zhongwei (1); Yang, Wenyu (1); Mao, Shuming (2); Sun, Wanjun (2); Song, Zongqi (2) Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural College of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; (2) Renshou Agricultural Bureau, Renshou 620500, China Corresponding author:Fan, G. (fangao20056@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:164-168 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to research the agricultural measures that can improve the mechanical sowing quality of intercropping wheat in hilly area, three sowing depth (2, 5, 8 cm) and soil-covering (no-covering was as CK) were designed to study the seedlings quality under no-tillage and tillage cultivation condition. The results indicated that the sowing depth was the most important factor, and the optimum depth was 5 cm. On the contrary, seedling number, emergence rate, root activity, dry matter and green leaf area decreased significantly with the treatment of 2 cm sowing depth. Besides, at 8 cm, the longest subcrown internode leaded to lower emergence rate, moreover, tillers number, the maximum tillers number, dry matters and green leaf area decreased highly significant by the treatment. Under tillage cultivation condition, wheat seedlings tillered strongly, according to tillering node was buried more deeply, but subcrown internode became longer and emergence rate became lower. The growth amount, plant height and green leaf area increased with the treatment of no-tillage cultivation. Tillers number, the maximum tillers number and root activity were significantly enhanced by the treatment of soil-covering. Agricultural measures of no-tillage cultivation with 5 cm sowing depth and soil-covering are recommended in hilly area. Number of references:25 Main heading:Cultivation Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Plants (botany) - Seed - Soils Uncontrolled terms:Intercropping wheat - Mechanical sowing - Plants - Seedlings quality - Soil-covering - Sowing depth Classification code:461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.029 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103297Title:Determination and calculation of soil permeability coefficient Authors:Hu, Shunjun (1); Tian, Changyan (1); Song, Yudong (2); Gan, Yongde (2) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830011, China; (2) Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (3) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Corresponding author:Hu, S. (xjhushunjun@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:68-72 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to measure the soil permeability coefficient accurately in term of energy, the distribution law of pressure potential in saturated soil was analyzed based on two-ring infiltration method and cutting ring method, and the two calculation methods were researched on the basis of Darcy's Law. The results showed that the permeability coefficient was larger than the stable infiltration rate determined by using two-ring infiltration method. The distribution law of pressure potential in saturated soil using two-ring infiltration method to determine the permeability coefficient was different to that using cutting ring method. So the calculation equations of permeability coefficient that correspond to the two kinds of determination methods were different. Number of references:21 Main heading:Soils Controlled terms:Seepage - Soil mechanics Uncontrolled terms:Calculation methods - Darcy's law - Distribution law - Infiltration rate - Ring method - Saturated soils - Soil permeability - Stable infiltration rate - Two-ring infiltration method Classification code:407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.011 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103338Title:Influence of operating parameters of fluidized bed on bio-oil yields Authors:Zhang, Chunmei (1); Zhao, Fengqin (1); Liu, Qingyu (1); Yi, Weiming (2); Sun, Qing (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China; (2) Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255012, China Corresponding author:Zhao, F. (fqinzhao@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:292-297 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to investigate the effects factors on the bio-oil yield, orthogonal experiments on the pyrolysis of corn stalk in a fludized bed reactor heated by Ar plasma which was made in Shandong University of Technology were carried out. With the input power, Ar flow rare, reactor pressure and feeding rate as input factors, the bio-oil yield as the output, the square combination experiments of four factors and five levels with orthogonal rotation were conducted. The results showed that when the input power was 38.5 kW, Ar flow rate was 2.0 m3/h, pressure was 200 mm water column, feeding rate was 0.87 kg/h, the highest bio-oil yield was 58.45%. The pressure in the reactor and feeding rate were the main factors to the bio-oil yields, while the input power and Ar flow rate were the second factors. Number of references:9 Main heading:Fluidization Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Experiments - Feeding - Flow rate - Fluidized beds - Pyrolysis Uncontrolled terms:Ar plasmas - Bed reactors - Bio oil - Bio-oil yield - Corn stalk - Feeding rate - Input factors - Input power - Operating parameters - Orthogonal experiment - Reactor pressures - Shandong - University of Technology - Water columns Classification code:631 Fluid Flow - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.052 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103349Title:Rapid identification of dried sea cucumber products from different geographical areas by near-infrared spectroscopy Authors:Tao, Lin (1); Wu, Zhongchen (1); Zhang, Pengyan (1); Li, Lianghong (1); Liu, Chang (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China Corresponding author:Tao, L. (taolin@sdu.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:364-366 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and principal components class analysis (PCCA) were performed on the classification of dried sea cucumber samples of the same species from four geographical areas. A set of 96 individual dried sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus selenka) were analyzed and successfully differentiated into 4 classes according to the distribution of geographical areas. The result showed that the NIR spectrum (from 5000 to 4000 cm-1) indicated the main spectral characteristics of sea cucumbers which were affected by the different growing environmental factors. This study demonstrat that NIR is a convenient tool for fast differentiation of seafoods of animal origin from different geographical areas, such as dried sea cucumber products. Number of references:10 Main heading:Principal component analysis Controlled terms:Infrared devices - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Spectrum analysis Uncontrolled terms:Apostichopus japonicus - Class analysis - Environmental factors - Geographical area - Near Infrared - NIR spectrum - Principal Components - Rapid identification - Sea cucumber - Spectral characteristics Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.063 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103327Title:Application of the vegetation temperature condition index to drought monitoring in Yunnan province Authors:Chen, Yang (1); Fan, Jianrong (1); Guo, Fenfen (1); Liu, Hanhu (3) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, China; (2) Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (3) State Key Laboratory Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu 610059, China; (4) Technology and Application Institute of RS and GIS, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China Corresponding author:Fan, J. (fjrong@imde.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:231-236 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Drought monitoring can help government acquire drought information in time at various levels, take positive and effective measure to drought prevention and fighting, promote the construction and rational distribution of water conservancy facilities, ensure the development of agricultural production and food security. In this paper, MODIS multi-temporal images, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) were used to analyze NDVI-LST feature space and calculate vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI) which was used to monitor droughts in Yunnan province from September in 2009 to March in 2010. Based on the results of drought monitoring, temporal attribute and spatial distributions of droughts in the study area were briefly discussed. The results indicated that the drought occurrences had some little fluctuations, but in a developing trend; The drought widely distributed in Yunnan province, covered more than 70% of whole province, the serious drought mainly in eastern, central and southern during the monitoring period. The drought monitoring results were validated by relative study results. The monitoring results are authentic and can provide supportable information to the prevention and reduction department. Number of references:18 Main heading:Drought Controlled terms:Agriculture - Atmospheric temperature - Atmospherics - Condition monitoring - Food supply - Remote sensing - Surface measurement - Surface properties - Vegetation Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Developing trend - Distribution of water - Drought monitoring - Effective measures - Feature space - Food security - Land surface temperature - Monitoring periods - Multi-temporal image - Normalized difference vegetation index - Study areas - Temporal attributes - Vegetation temperature condition index - Yunnan province Classification code:951 Materials Science - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 731.1 Control Systems - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 603 Machine Tools - 444 Water Resources - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 404.2 Civil Defense DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.041 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103291Title:Leaching salinity effect of drip irrigation on soil of oasis shelter forests in arid area Authors:Zhang, Peng (1); Zhao, Xinfeng (1); Zhang, Tao (2); Zhang, Guanfeng (3); Li, Bailin (2); Xu, Hailiang (1); Ye, Mao (6) Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (2) Station of Forestry Management, Korla 841507, China; (3) Tieganlike Weather Station in Korla, Xinjiang 842506, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang 830011, China; (5) Water Balancing Test Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aral 843300, China; (6) College of Earth Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China Corresponding author:Xu, H. (xuhl@ms.xjb.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:25-30 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:For clarifying the effect of irrigation on distribution characteristics of soil water and salinity and extending scope of root in condition of different distance of emitter, different irrigated years and different forest age, open country monitoring method, was used this paper carried out the comparison test in Kalamiji oasis in the lower reaches of Tarim River, northwest of China. The results showed that: the growth of forestry root was not hampered under the present irrigation schedule, but the root distribution moved up under the drip irrigation. This paper proposed that: production in the future, narrow distance of emitter could been use in most recent several years planter which may leach salinity apparently; Although the effect depth of drip irrigation in previous three years basically has not hindered the root growth of Elaeagnus angustifolia and the more years of irrigation the deeper of leaching depth following the age of forest, the leaching scope where the shelter forest root extending is partial, the suggestion spate flooding irrigation once a year. Number of references:16 Main heading:Irrigation Controlled terms:Arid regions - Forestry - Leaching - Salinity measurement - Soil moisture - Timber Uncontrolled terms:Arid area - Comparison test - Distribution characteristics - Drip irrigation - Effect of leaching salinity - Forest age - Irrigation schedule - Lower reaches of Tarim River - Monitoring methods - Root distribution - Root growth - Salinity effects - Soil water - Tarim river Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 415.3 Wood Structural Materials DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.005 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103318Title:Information collection system of wheat production risk based on Android smartphone Authors:Shang, Minghua (1); Qin, Leilei (1); Wang, Fengyun (1); Liu, Shuyun (1); Zhang, Xiaoyan (1) Author affiliation:(1) Information Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China Corresponding author:Shang, M. (smh@saas.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:178-182 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to gather the production risk information of wheat conveniently and efficiently, this paper proposes a set of information collection system based on intelligent mobile terminal. The system gives detailed introduce of its overall frame, main function and operation process. At the same time, it expounds some of the key technology points in general information collecting, farmland around information collecting and disaster information collecting, such as the local store, data submission, spatial information acquisition, image information collection, video information collection and transmission, etc. With the result of preliminary application, we can see that the features and superiorities are all obvious. Number of references:17 Main heading:Cultivation Controlled terms:Computer terminals - Mobile phones - Risk management - Signal encoding Uncontrolled terms:Android - Information collections - Mobile terminal - Smart phones - Wheat cultivation Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.032 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103350Title:Effects of heat treatment on production cycle and quality of pidan Authors:Sun, Jing (1); Ma, Meihu (1); Wu, Ling (1); Yue, Liqiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) Subsidiary Research Center of National Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Corresponding author:Ma, M. (mameihuhn@yahoo.com.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:367-372 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The aim of this research was to shorten production cycle and keep quality of pidan. The effect of different heat treatments on quality of pidan which were pickled by a zinc-copper salt was investigated. The L 9(34) orthogonal tests were conducted in this study and three factors of heat treatment as follows: heat time (15, 20, 25 d), heat duration (14, 22, 30 h) and heat temperature (35, 42, 49°C) were investigated. The moisture content, hardening rate, free alkalinity and color of pidan were used for the evaluating indicator.The results showed that heat treatments make pidan have lower moisture content, faster solidification, more hardening rate, lower free alkalinity, great color, and improved taste and favor. Analysis of variance from combination score of hardening rate and free alkalinity of pidan obtained by fuzzy weighted transformation, showed that the degree of the influence factors decrease in the following order: heat time, heat temperature, heat duration, and the optimal processing condition was that samples were treated at the temperature of 42°C for 22 h after being preserved for 20 days. This method can shorten production cycle of pidan to 21 days, which is 40%-50% less than the traditional method. Number of references:25 Main heading:Heat treatment Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Hardening - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization - pH - Quality control Uncontrolled terms:Duck egg - Effects of heat treatment - Heat time - Influence factors - Optimal processing - Orthogonal test - Production cycle - Production cycle time Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.064 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103307Title:Design and experiment of the chain type jujube kernel removing machine Authors:Ma, Chaofeng (1); Liu, Kai (1); Zhou, Chunguo (1); Fu, Huaqiang (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Wind Energy Research Center of Dong Fang Steam Turbine Co. Ltd, De'Yang 618014, China Corresponding author:Liu, K. (kliu@mail.xaut.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:127-130 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to eliminate the defects such as complex mechanism, inaccurate locating, low adaptability and high kernel residue proportion and etc in the existing jujube kernel removing machines, based on the comprehensive analysis of the existing machines and mechanisms, a novel mechanism for jujube kernel removing was proposed in this paper, the feeding mechanism and locating mechanism were designed. Also the key parameters of the main transmission and the executive mechanisms were presented and calculated. Finally, the prototype was manufactured and the experiments were carried out. The results indicated that this machine was suitable for jujube with diameter in the range of 10-24 mm, which had advantages of no sorting, good adaptability and low proportion of kernel residual (less than 2%). Number of references:15 Main heading:Agricultural machinery Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Cams - Experiments Uncontrolled terms:Chain-type - Complex mechanisms - Comprehensive analysis - Executive mechanism - Feeding mechanism - Geneva mechanisms - Jujube kernel removing - Key parameters - Linkage mechanism - Swing cam mechanism Classification code:601.3 Mechanisms - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.021 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103300Title:Spatial and temporal variability of droughts in the Lancang River basin Authors:Li, Bin (1); Li, Lijuan (1); Li, Haibin (3); Liang, Liqiao (1); Li, Jiuyi (1); Liu, Yumei (1); Zeng, Hongwei (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; (2) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (3) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States Corresponding author:Li, L. (lilj@igsnrr.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:87-92 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Drought is one of the outstanding natural disasters of the Lancang River basin, studying on the variation characteristic of drought in the basin under the context of climate change is of great importance for scientific research and society. Using 46-year (1960-2005) daily precipitation records from 35 meteorological stations in and around the Langcang River basin, Southwest China, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to analyze the drought characteristics in the basin. By means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering (KMC) methods the study area was divided into 4 sub-regions, each sub-region had its own distinctive temporal evolution patterns of droughts. The wavelet analysis further revealed that there was a 3-6 year period of drought events for the entire basin. The results can be referenced by the decision-makers of government in future. Number of references:15 Main heading:Principal component analysis Controlled terms:Climate change - Disasters - Drought - Rivers - Stream flow - Time series - Time series analysis - Watersheds - Wavelet analysis Uncontrolled terms:Decision makers - K-means - K-means clustering - Lancang River - Meteorological station - Natural disasters - River basins - Scientific researches - Southwest China - Spatial and temporal variability - Standardized precipitation index - Study areas - Sub-regions - Temporal evolution - Variation characteristics Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 484 Seismology - 451 Air Pollution - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.014 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103289Title:Finite element substructure method for calculation of pipe cooling concrete thermal field and stress field Authors:Xie, Zhiqiang (1); Qiang, Sheng (1); Xu, Pu (2); Wang, Haibo (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai 200092, China Corresponding author:Qiang, S. (sqiang2118@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:13-18 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:As the discrete cooling pipe model applied to calculation of large concrete structure's temperature field and stress field, subdivision for cooling pipe will cause the rank of finite element equation increase obviously. It limits the wide application of the methods in practical engineering. Based on the substructure finite element theory, the formula of temperature filed for concrete structure with cooling pipe was derived. In order to get the exact stress field distribution surrounding cooling pipe, the substructure formula for stress filed considering creep and autogenous volume deformation was derived as well. Detailed steps of the algorithm were presented. Corresponding finite element program was coded. The accuracy of the method was proved by comparing numerical results with the site experiment results of a project. And the efficiency of the algorithm was verified with a large model. Number of references:17 Main heading:Finite element method Controlled terms:Algorithms - Cooling - Numerical methods - Pipe - Stress concentration Uncontrolled terms:Cooling pipes - Finite Element - Finite element equations - Finite element programs - Numerical results - Practical engineering - Stress field - Stress field distribution - Substructure method - Temperature field - Temperature filed - Thermal field - Volume deformation Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.003 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103347Title:Experiments and optimization of performance parameters on rubber roll husker Authors:Ruan, Jinglan (1); Xiang, Guangbo (1); Cheng, Xiangfa (1) Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China Corresponding author:Ruan, J. (ruanjl@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:353-357 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To improve the process performance of the rubber roll husker and determine the optimum technical parameters, optimization on the technical parameters and the experiments on the process effect were carried out. The results indicated that the process parameters were all optimal, such as husked rice ratio (93.35%), output(146.41 kg/cm·h), rubber consumption (4.63 g) and percentage of raw broken (4.66%) when the roll pressure of rubber roll husker was 7.0 kg/cm on the condition that feeding, fast linear speed and difference of linear speed were all invariable. By the same ruler, when the fast linear speed was 18.47m/s, the process parameters of percentage of raw broken, output and rubber consumption were optimal, which were 5.29%, 142.16 kg/cm·h and 148.36 kg/cm·h respectiuely. When the feeding was 172.31 kg/cm·h, the optimal results were achieved which were 148.36 kg/cm·h in output, 4.63% in percentage of raw broken, and 3.62 g in rubber consumption; And when the difference of linear speed was 3.16 m/s, the optimal results were obtained, which were 90.83% in husked rice ratio, 4.51 g in rubber consumption and 4.41% in percentage of raw broken. The research results can offer references for the design of rubber roll huskers. Number of references:16 Main heading:Rubber products Controlled terms:Experiments - Optimization - Speed Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Flow - Line speed - Roller pressure - Rubber roll husker Classification code:818.5 Rubber Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.061 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103309Title:Design and performance test of a counter flow gas-gas heat exchanger Authors:Song, Weitang (1); Yao, Longlu (1); Ding, Tao (1); Huang, Zhidong (1); Li, Baoming (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Song, W. (songchali@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:136-140 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:A gas-gas heat exchanger (GGHE) was designed and its working process was introduced in this paper. Based on the numerical method, a commercial prototype of GGHE was worked out and manufactured, and its performance was tested. Polypropylene (PP) plastic material was used to make the heat transfer fins and the counter flow of hot and cold gases in GGHE was achieved. The calculation results showed that there was a positive correlation between the quantity of heat-transfer and air volumes, and the efficiency of heat-transfer increased with rise of hot air volume as well. The calculated heat-transfer efficiency was 0.55-0.75, 0.6-0.8 when hot air volume was 4475, 7800 m3/h, respectively. Meanwhile the efficiency of measured heat-transfer was 0.45-0.7, 0.65-0.9 while hot air volume was 4475, 7800 m3/h, respectively. The experimental values matched with calculated ones, this indicated that the PP GGHE had good heat-transfer performance and the design of GGHE was reasonable. Number of references:17 Main heading:Heat exchangers Controlled terms:Efficiency - Gases - Numerical methods - Waste heat Uncontrolled terms:Air volumes - Counter-flows - Experimental values - Gas-gas heat exchangers - Hot air - Performance - Performance tests - Plastic materials - Positive correlations - Working process Classification code:616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 643.1 Space Heating - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.023 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103346Title:Design and experiment of top-pouring machine for sealing wax on preserved eggs Authors:Yang, Zhen (1); Wang, Shucai (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China Corresponding author:Wang, S. (wsc01@mail.hzau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:348-352 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to improve the quality of sealing wax by hand, reduce the intensity of labor productivity, a new top-pouring wax technique for preserved eggs was designed. According to the manufacturing standards, a top-pouring machine for sealing wax on preserved eggs was developed. By designing and analyzing the machine, it was proposed that the wax content was closely related to the temperature of liquid paraffin and the speed of conveyor. The top-pouring wax experiment showed the wax content reduced as the temperature went up and increased as the conveyor speeded up. Based on the experiment results and production requirement, the optimal working condition for the machine was that the heating temperature was 105°C in top-pouring box; motor frequency was up to 40 Hz. It can meet the production requirement. Number of references:17 Main heading:Experiments Controlled terms:Conveyors - Machine design - Paraffin waxes - Paraffins - Productivity Uncontrolled terms:Heating temperatures - Labor productivity - Liquid paraffins - Manufacturing standard - Preserved eggs - Production requirements - Top-pouring machine - Wax content - Working conditions Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 692.1 Conveyors - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.060 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103288Title:Sensitivity analysis of temperature control for concrete structure of inverted siphon underground culvert Authors:Chen, Shoukai (1); Ding, Bingyong (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; (2) Hydro China Huadong Engineering Corporation, Hangzhou 310014, China Corresponding author:Chen, S. (man200177@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:7-12 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In view of the character of concrete structure of inverted siphon underground culvert and the problem of concrete crack in the period of construction, this paper introduced the main factors which influence the temperature and stress of concrete structure, and the main cause of crack is closely related to placing delaminating, interval time, cold wave strike, diurnal amplitude, superficial thermal insulation and cooling pipe. A case is presented where the 3D FEM simulation of thermal field and stress field of concrete and the numerical algorithm of pipe cooling are adopted to study the sensitivity degree of these factors. It is considered that placing delaminating and interval time greatly Influence the Integrity Deformation Compatibility of concrete structure, and cold wave strike and diurnal amplitude induce adverse effects to crack prevention of surface, and suitable thermal Insulation and cooling pipe greatly improve anti-crack performance of concrete structure. Finally, the paper put forward temperature control measures for crack prevention based on the research results. Number of references:9 Main heading:Concrete placing Controlled terms:Algorithms - Bridges - Cooling - Cracks - Culverts - Finite element method - Pipe - Sensitivity analysis - Siphons - Structural health monitoring - Temperature control - Thermal insulation - Three dimensional computer graphics Uncontrolled terms:Adverse effect - Anti-crack performance - Cold waves - Concrete cracks - Cooling pipes - Crack prevention - Deformation compatibility - FEM simulations - Influencing factor - Interval time - Inverted siphons - Numerical algorithms - Research results - Stress field - Thermal field - Underground culverts Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 412 Concrete - 406 Highway Engineering - 401.1 Bridges DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.002 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103323Title:Rendering plants with dual-scale automaton model based on GPU Authors:Dong, Yingying (1); Zhao, Xing (3); Wang, Jihua (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China; (3) Laboratory of Computer Tomography, School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China Corresponding author:Zhao, X. (zhaoxing_1999@yahoo.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:207-212 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to accelerate plants rendering of dual-scale automaton model, a method based on GPU was proposed for model realization. In this method, the 3D structure of plant was constructed by combining with topological structure and normalized plant organs. Firstly, topological structure was constructed in vertex shader, then geometrical structure was built in geometry shader, and finally geometrical structure was transferred to frame buffer for displaying. The GPU-based method was tested by rendering a poplar tree. In the experiment, as the point number multiplied, the speed-up ratio of GPU rendering relative to CPU rendering could increase several-fold and even ten times. The results not only adequately showed the effectiveness of this GPU-based rendering method, but also fully represented its remarkable improvement in computation. Moreover, rendering plants with dual-scale automaton model based on GPU can be applied to natural scenery rendering, virtual agriculture, computer-aided design etc, which involves enormous data. Number of references:15 Main heading:Topology Controlled terms:Computer aided design - Data visualization - Visualization Uncontrolled terms:3D Structure - Automaton model - Frame buffer - Geometrical structure - Geometry shader - GPU - GPU rendering - GPU-based rendering - Morphological structures - Natural scenery - Plant organs - Point numbers - Poplar trees - Speed-ups - Topological structure - Vertex shader Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.037 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103302Title:Optimization and micro-mechanism of liquefied corncob for sand stabilization Authors:Guo, Junying (1); Liu, Yanhong (1); Yang, Baoling (1); Li, Dong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Yang, B. (yangbaoling@hotmail.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:99-105 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to optimize the liquefaction process of corncob and improve the sand stabilization effect of liquefied corncob, the guadra-rotation orthogonal experiment with four factors was employed. The effects of the liquefaction temperature, liquefaction time, corncob content and catalyst content on the threshold wind velocity of liquefied corncob was studied. Functional model between the threshold wind velocity and the four factors were proved to be significantly correlated. The mathematical model was established and analyzed by regression method. When the spraying quantity of liquefied corncob on sand was 167 g/m2, the optimal liquefaction effect of corncob, accordingly, the largest threshold wind velocity of 20.18 m/s was obtained under the condition that the liquefaction temperature was 125°C. The liquefaction duration was 29 min and the corncob content and catalyst content were 30% and 2.8%, respectively. The sand crusts fixed with different amounts of liquefied products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared radiometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the application of liquefied corncob enhanced the sand cementation so as to improve its resistance capability to wind erosion. Number of references:23 Main heading:Sand Controlled terms:Catalysts - Fourier transforms - Liquefaction - Mathematical models - Optimization - Scanning electron microscopy - Stabilization - Velocity Uncontrolled terms:Corncob - Fourier transform infrared - FTIR - Functional model - Liquefaction effects - Liquefaction process - Micro mechanisms - Orthogonal experiment - Regression method - Stabilization effects - Wind erosions - Wind velocities Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.1 Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 505 Mines and Mining, Nonmetallic - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.016 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103311Title:Contact analysis and experimental study of the joint interfaces bolted connection Authors:Xie, Jianhua (1); Cui, Xinwei (2); Ma, Weibin (1); Yue, Yong (1) Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Traffic, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (2) College of Mechanical science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China Corresponding author:Cui, X. (cuixinwei@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:147-150 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Based on contact fractal theory, a fractal model of contact stiffness was discussed. The stress concentration on the hole edges was found with a finite element analysis about stress distributing of the low-speed heavy-duty equipment shaft and flange. The experiments which can validate the reliability of the FEM simulation analysis and avoid collapsed phenomena on the hole edges were done. The results of the experiments are consistent with the FEM simulation analysis, and they provide reliable basis for the design of the low-speed heavy-duty equipment. Number of references:12 Main heading:Finite element method Controlled terms:Bolted joints - Experiments - Fractals - Hole concentration - Reliability analysis - Stress concentration Uncontrolled terms:Bolted connections - Contact analysis - Contact stiffness - Experimental studies - FEM simulations - Finite element - Fractal model - Fractal theory - Heavy-duty equipment - Hole edge - Joint interfaces Classification code:921 Mathematics - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.025 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103303Title:Simulation and experiments of two-stage spiral sugarcane picking-up mechanism Authors:Song, Chunhua (1); Ou, Yinggang (1); Liu, Qingting (1); Xie, Fuxing (1) Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agriculture Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Guangdong Communication Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510800, China Corresponding author:Ou, Y. (ouying@scau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:106-110 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:To improve the picking-up ratio of sugarcane in hillside area, design of two-stage spiral sugarcane picking-up machine was brought up in this paper. Computer model was established and applied for simulation of the virtual prototype. Further more, the structure of the picking-up section was confirmed, and the athletics and speed equations of the two-stage spiral sugarcane picking-up machine were constructed, and the athletics condition of lifting sugarcane was established. The results of the sample machine showed that, the ratio of success picking-up was 20%, 90% and 100% respectively when the lodging angle was less than 30%, between 30° and 60° and at 90° side lodging. It was 50%, 10% and 0 respectively when the lodging angle was between 90° and 120°, between 120° and 150° and between 150° and 180°. Number of references:17 Main heading:Computer simulation Controlled terms:Sugar cane - Sugars Uncontrolled terms:Computer models - Speed equation - Spiral - Two stage - Virtual prototype Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.017 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103317Title:An agricultural knowledge acquisition method based on the coupling of Call center and expert system Authors:Li, Xinxing (1); Zhang, Lingxian (2); Fu, Zetian (1); Wen, Haojie (2) Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Fu, Z. (fzt@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:174-177 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to help the farmers to acquire the agricultural knowledge by telephones, this paper presents an agricultural knowledge acquisition method based on the coupling of Call center and expert system. This method adopts the implementation plan of call center database trigger technology and expert system event monitor technology, achieves the call center IVR flow to transfer the expert system knowledge base automatically, so as to reduce the massive system development workload by not redesigning diagnosis algorithm and knowledge base for call center. This method also coordinates the call center CTI server and traditional database server and web server, to help farmers to acquire agricultural knowledge their need with the aid of the telephone network. Number of references:11 Main heading:Expert systems Controlled terms:Agriculture - Knowledge acquisition - Mergers and acquisitions - Telephone - Telephone circuits - Telephone sets - User interfaces Uncontrolled terms:Call centers - Computer-telephony integrations - Data-base servers - Diagnosis algorithms - Expert system knowledge - Knowledge base - Massive systems - Telephone networks - Web servers Classification code:718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723.4.1 Expert Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.031 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103296Title:Applicability of four infiltration models to infiltration characteristics of water repellent soils Authors:Liu, Chuncheng (1); Li, Yi (1); Ren, Xin (1); Ma, Xiaoyi (1) Author affiliation:(1) The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering, College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 71200, China Corresponding author:Li, Y. (liyikitty@126.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:62-67 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:Soil water repellency has great influence on soil infiltration, thereby affecting crop yields. Foreign scholars have conducted some related researches before, but the research is still limited in China. This work discussed the adaptability of four infiltration models in infiltration characteristics of water repellent soils based on laboratory experiment data. Indoor soil column experiments were used to carry out the experiment of ponding infiltration to compare infiltration laws of soils in different ponding depths and repellency degree. Four models were used to analyze the characteristics of the soil infiltration rates. Results showed that the change of cumulative infiltration volume with the change of time can be expressed by power function, the amount of cumulative infiltration of wettable soil was obviously more than that of the water repellent soil. There was good linear relationship between the amount of cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance. Green-Ampt model, Philip model, Kostiakov equation were used to simulate infiltration rate. Kostiakov equation had the best results and other models had different results for infiltration rates of different repellency soils. The infiltration ability of repel soil was obviously slower than that of the wettable soil. Number of references:23 Main heading:Soil mechanics Controlled terms:Agriculture - Experiments - Geologic models - Ponding - Seepage - Soil moisture - Waterproofing Uncontrolled terms:Change of time - Crop yield - Cumulative infiltration - Green-Ampt model - Infiltration characteristic - Infiltration models - Infiltration rate - Kostiakov equations - Laboratory experiments - Linear relationships - Ponding depths - Power functions - Soil infiltration - Soil water repellency - Soil-column experiment - Water repellency - Water repellent soils - Wetting fronts Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 481.1 Geology - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 402 Buildings and Towers - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.010 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103351Title:Effects of different drying methods on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of instant scallop Authors:Li, Shuhong (1); Wang, Jie (1); Song, Chunfeng (2); Liu, Yaqiong (1); Guo, Xuexia (3) Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (2) University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan; (3) Academy of Planning and Designing of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China Corresponding author:Wang, J. (wj591010@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:373-377 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:The effects of different drying methods (i.e. microwave drying, vacuum freeze drying, natural drying and oven drying) on the quality of instant scallop were investigated. The bay scallop was chosen as the raw material, furthermore, two significant parameters, the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics were tested in detail. The results showed that water activity, pH value, hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness of product have significant variation with different drying methods. The statistics results of the color and springiness have no remarkable differences. The sensory score of oven drying product was 8.82. The total amino acids was the highest by oven drying and lowest by microwave drying. The essential amino acids and flavor amino acids were the highest by vacuum freeze drying and lowest by natural drying. It is noteworthy that the sensory score and total amino acids with oven drying were the highest among the methods. The optimal drying method for instant scallop was oven drying. The optimal drying process parameters were as follows: drying temperature was 80°C and drying time was 2 h. The results can provide references for industrial production of instant scallop. Number of references:20 Main heading:Drying Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Amino acids - Microwave heating - Optimization - Ovens - Shellfish - Stoves - Vacuum Uncontrolled terms:Drying methods - Drying process - Drying temperature - Drying time - Essential amino acids - Industrial production - Instant scallop - Microwave drying - Natural drying - Oven drying - pH value - Physicochemical property - Sensory characteristics - Sensory scores - Vacuum-freeze drying - Water activity Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 642.1 Process Heating - 633 Vacuum Technology - 461.9 Biology - 461 Bioengineering and Biology DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.065 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103348Title:Recognition of yak meat, beef and pork by electronic nose Authors:Jia, Hongfeng (1); Lu, Yi (1); He, Jianghong (1); Pan, Tao (1); Xiao, Lan (1); Zhang, Zhenyu (1); Zhu, Limin (3) Author affiliation:(1) Department of Food Science, Sichuan Higher Institute of Cuisine, Chengdu 610100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Cuisine Science, Sichuan Higher Education Institution, Chengdu 610100, China; (3) Alpha M O S, Toulouse, France 31400 Asia Pacific, Shanghai 200336, China Corresponding author:Jia, H. (jiahongfeng_cq@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:358-363 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In order to discuss the feasibility of meat adulteration recognition based on electronic nose, an electronic nose was used to analyze yak meat, beef and pork. The response signals were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant factor analysis (DFA) and partial least-squares analysis (PLS). The results indicated that yak meat, beef and pork samples had different characteristic response signals. Electronic nose could recognize yak meat, beef and pork, and also could recognize yak meat and beef samples at different growing locations, but this recognition was not suitable for pork at different growing locations. And it could also identify minced beef added with different ratio of minced pork. Coefficient of determination between sensors response signals and the ratio of minced pork of PLS model was 0.9762. The prediction error of PLS model was within 7.00%. It was proved that electronic nose could be applied in meat recognition. Number of references:14 Main heading:Meats Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Artificial organs - Principal component analysis - Sensors Uncontrolled terms:Adulteration - Coefficient of determination - Electronic nose - Factor analysis - Minced beef - Minced pork - Partial least squares - PLS models - Pork - Prediction errors - Response signal - Yak meat Classification code:462.4 Prosthetics - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.062 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103333Title:Characteristics of carbon dioxide emission from pig house liquid manure stored in winter Authors:Ye, Zhangying (1); Wei, Xiaoming (2); Zhang, Guoqiang (3); Zhu, Songming (1); Wang, Kaiying (1); Li, Baoming (4) Author affiliation:(1) School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (2) Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (3) Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (4) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Li, B. (libm@cau.edu.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:264-269 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:CO 2 emissions from liquid pig manure stored in under-floor pits were investigated using an empty full-scale pig house in Denmark in winter time. The experiment designs were of three manure depths of 0.15, 0.40 and 0.65m, three ventilation rates of 211, 650 and 1852 m3/h, and with or without pit curtains. The three parameters that explained most of the variability of the CO 2 emissions were ventilation rate, manure temperature, and pit curtain. CO 2 emission rate increased as room ventilation rate increased with diffuse ceiling inlet. There were significant differences in CO 2 emission rates among three ventilation rates. CO 2 emission rate and air exchage rate could be reduced significantly by using manure pit curtains. No significant differences in CO 2 emission rates were found among three manure depths. The emission rates were more sensitive to manure temperature than to ventilation rate due to higher sensitivity percentages. At the lower ventilation rate ranges, the emission rates were more sensitive to ventilation rate change compared to the higher ones. However, the contrary sensitivity responses for different manure temperature ranges were obtained. Increasing ventilation rate could reduce the temperature of room and pit air as well as manure temperature, therefore, the effects of ventilation rate and temperature on gas emissions should be considered comprehensively. Number of references:18 Main heading:Manures Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Emission control - Gas emissions - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Houses - Liquids - Mammals - Particulate emissions - Ventilation Uncontrolled terms:Carbon dioxide emissions - Denmark - Emission rates - Experiment design - Liquid manure - Liquid pig - Pig house - Temperature range - Three parameters - Ventilation rate - Winter time Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 643.5 Ventilation - 451 Air Pollution - 402.3 Residences DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.047 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103332Title:Experiment of temperature rising effect by heat release and storage with shallow water in solar greenhouse Authors:Fang, Hui (1); Yang, Qichang (1); Liang, Hao (3); Wang, Shuo (1) Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China Corresponding author:Yang, Q. (yangq@ieda.org.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:258-263 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In this study, the solar energy was used as heat source, the water was used as heat storage medium and the shallow soil in greenhouse was used for heat storage. The heat was collected and stored in shallow soil through water circulation during daytime, and the greenhouse temperature increased at night due to the soil heat releasing. The results showed that this method could increase the heat storage of greenhouse. The temperature difference of the experiment greenhouse and normal greenhouse began to increase after covered the insulation. The average air temperature in experiment greenhouse is 4.0°C higher than in normal greenhouse. The soil temperature at 0, 30, 60 cm in the experiment greenhouse was 3.0°C, 3.0°C, 5.0°C higher than in the normal greenhouse respectively. Therefore the method can not only increase the air temperature, but also increase the temperature of soil around crops. Number of references:17 Main heading:Greenhouses Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Experiments - Greenhouse effect - Heat storage - Soils - Solar energy Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature - Average air temperature - Greenhouse temperature - Heat release - Heat release and storage with water - Heat sources - Shallow soils - Shallow waters - Soil temperature - Solar greenhouse - Storage medium - Temperature differences - Temperature rising - Water circulation Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 615.2 Solar Power - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 901.3 Engineering Research DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.046 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103321Title:Design and application of emergency command platform for animal epidemic disease in Beijing based on GIS Authors:Bai, Weisheng (1); Zhang, Ruixia (1); Shi, Mingchang (1); Wang, Weirui (3); Wang, Yu (1) Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Datum Science and Technology Development CO., LTD., Beijing 100084, China; (2) National Rorest Breed Key Laboratory, Beijing Fordstry University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Information Center of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Beijing 100029, China Corresponding author:Zhang, R. (zrx1976@163.com) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:195-201 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:In the light of the characteristics of information management of emergency prevention and control for severe epidemic disease, an emergency commanding platform for animal disease in Beijing was established, including overall layout, structure of technical system, function, database, and design and exploitation. In the paper, a series of critical techniques including operation flow pattern, logical frame for emergency disposal, and comprehensive decision-making model were researched. Application of seamless bonding technology for Flex controls and ArcObjects components in the system was proposed; some key issues including analysis of epidemic focus, determination of epidemic spot, epidemic area, threatened area, intersection blocking, epidemic monitoring, harmless disposal, disinfection, slaughter, emergency immunization and lifting of the blockade were resolved. Based on the platform, the aim of information and integration of emergency command for major animal disease in Beijing was achieved. The platform can provide timely and accurate information for comprehensive judgment of actual prevention and control situation and scientific decision-making, as well as fast and great support to emergency command for severe animal epidemic disease for Beijing. Number of references:16 Main heading:Disease control Controlled terms:Animals - Decision making - Design - Diseases - Flow patterns - Geographic information systems - Information management - Transfer cases (vehicles) Uncontrolled terms:Decision making models - Emergency command platform - Flex - Geographic information - Operation flow Classification code:822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 723.3 Database Systems - 912.2 Management - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 408 Structural Design - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.035 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:20112614103287Title:Strategies for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution: reduce-retain-restoration (3R) theory and its practice Authors:Wu, Yonghong (1); Hu, Zhengyi (2); Yang, Linzhang (1) Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; (2) School of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Corresponding author:Yang, L. (lzyang@issas.ac.cn) Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao Volume:27 Issue:5 Issue date:May 2011 Publication year:2011 Pages:1-6 Language:Chinese ISSN:10026819 CODEN:NGOXEO Document type:Journal article (JA) Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China Abstract:After point pollution was effectively controlled, the nonpoint source pollution has become more and more seuere. The increasing nonpoint source pollution has already affected the healthy and benign development of ecology and environment, and even limited the sustained development of China's economy at a certain extent. In this study, based on the practice of more than 30 years in studying nonpoint source pollution, the total status of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in China was analyzed. Combined with the produce, development and occurrence characterization of agricultural nonpoint source pollution, the strategy for controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution - "Reduce-retain-restore" theory (3R theory), was proposed according to the economic mode of Chinese agriculture. The 3R theory was explained in this study, and testified using two typical examples of controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution in Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake watersheds, respectively. The 3R theory is prospected to provide a valuable guidance for construction of the engineering of controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution in China or some areas of similar agricultural economic modes. Number of references:12 Main heading:Pollution control Controlled terms:Agriculture - Lakes - Restoration Uncontrolled terms:''reduce-retain-restoration(3R)'' theory - Agricultural nonpoint source pollutions - Economic modes - Environmental proctection - Non-point source pollution - Point pollution - Taihu lakes Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.05.001 Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普