Accession number:20111313882333Title:Dynamics optimization for pricking hole mechanism of deep-fertilization liquid fertilizer applicator
Authors:Wang, Jinwu (1); Wang, Jinfeng (1); Ju, Jinyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.
      (jinwuw@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:165-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to assure good reliability for liquid fertilizer applicator in high working speed, the pricking hole mechanism of liquid fertilizer applicator was taken as research object, and the maximum force and undulation force of x and y directions of sun gear were taken as objective function. Optimization results of kinematics was used as constraint conditions of objective function, and the dynamics optimization software was developed based on the improved "interspecies competition" genetic algorithm by using Visual Basic 6.0 software. Optimized parameters were obtained by this software, where the initial angle between the line connecting spraying-fertilizer needle-tip or planet wheel axle and planet frame is -42°, and the initial angular of planet frame is 45°, and the distance between spraying-fertilizer needle-tip and the planetary gear axle center is 285 mm. According to the dynamic optimization results, the pricking hole mechanism of liquid fertilizer applicator was designed and simulated by using Pro/E and ADAMS. The simulation results showed that the pricking hole mechanism with the optimized parameters can satisfy the operation requirements and has good mechanical properties.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Dynamics
Controlled terms:Applicators - Axles - Dynamic analysis - Fertilizers - Liquids - Mechanical properties - Mechanisms - Needles - Optimization - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Constraint conditions - Dynamic optimization - Initial angle - Liquid fertilizers - Objective functions - Optimization software - Optimized parameter - Planetary Gears - Pricking hole mechanism - Research object  - Simulation result - Visual Basic 6.0 - Working speed
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 819.6 Textile Mills, Machinery and Equipment - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 601 Mechanical Design - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882365Title:Compressive rod post-buckling method for straight rice vermicelli elastic modulus determination
Authors:Jiang, Song (1); Huang, Guangfeng (1); Liu, Ruixia (1); Jia, Yu (1); Zhao, Jiewen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, S.
      (jszhl@ujs.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:360-364
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore a new method for determining elastic modulus of straight dry rice vermicelli, a post-buckling calculating model of elastic modulus was developed by using the mechanical model of compressive rod post-buckling. 4 samples with different lengths were selected and their calculated values of elastic modulus were analyzed corresponding with 4 end bending angles,and were compared with tensile method and three point bending method using TA-XT2i physical property apparatus. The influence of moisture content of dry rice vermicelli on elastic modulus was discussed by using the compressive rod post-buckling method determining elastic modulus. Results showed that the method based on the compressive rod post-buckling theory was optimal and the condition with length of 100mm, end bending angle of 15° of dry rice vermicelli was the best for testing. Moisture content and elastic modulus had a negative liner relationship. The results showed that the compressive rod post-buckling method determining elastic modulus of dry rice vermicelli is accurate, practicable and reliable, and can provide a reference for mechanics texture evaluation of straight dry rice vermicelli.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Buckling
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Curing - Elastic moduli - Mechanics - Moisture - Moisture determination - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Bending angle - Calculated values - Calculating model - Compressive rod post-buckling - Determination method - Elastic modulus determination - Mechanical model - Moisture content - Moisture contents - Post-buckling theory  - Postbuckling - Straight dry rice vermicelli - Tensile method - Three point bending methods
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 933 Solid State Physics - 931.1 Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.058
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882370Title:Effects of drying conditions on Chinese jujube aroma components
Authors:Yan, Zhongxin (1); Lu, Zhoumin (2); Liu, Kun (1); Jiao, Wenyue (2); Zhao, Jiaqi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China; (2) College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Z.
      (lzm139@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:389-392
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the effects of drying technology on Chinese jujube aroma components. SPME/GC-MS (Solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry) techniques were applied to analyze aroma compounds of five treatments (50, 60, 70°C hot-air drying, natural drying and Tangxin jujube) qualitatively and quantitatively, and principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to investigate the seven main aroma compounds form Chinese jujube. The results showed that aroma quality was strongly affected by esters, aldehydes, acids and phenol. Hot-air drying method could improve aroma quality effectively, and aroma quality of natural drying was the worst. Integrative scores of hot-air drying at 60°C were the highest and aroma quality was better than that at 50°C and 70°C. Evaluation of aroma quality and distinction of drying conditions were achieved with PCA method.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Aldehydes - Chemical analysis - Curing - Drying - Esters - Extraction - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Phenols  - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Aroma components - Aroma compounds - Aroma quality - Chinese jujube - Drying condition - Drying technology - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - GC/MS analysis - Hot air drying - Natural drying  - PCA method - Solid-phase microextraction
Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.063
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882343Title:Monitoring plant nitrogen accumulation with different canopy spectrometers at early growth stages in rice
Authors:Chen, Qingchun (1); Tian, Yongchao (1); Gu, Kaijian (1); Wang, Wei (1); Yao, Xia (1); Cao, Weixing (1); Zhu, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Y.
      (yanzhu@njau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:223-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to quantify the relationship between plant nitrogen accumulation (PNA) and canopy spectral reflectance at early growth stages in rice, and provide a technical support for decision making on nitrogen dressing management. Based on seven field experiments with different rice cultivars and nitrogen rates in five different growing seasons, the canopy spectral reflectance during the stages of tillering and elongation were measured with three different canopy spectral sensors (Fieldspec FR 2500, MSR-16 and GreenSeeker RT 100), and the plants were sampled for PNA measurement simultaneously. Then the relationships beween PNA and vegetation indices were analyzed. The results showed that some vegetation indices were closely related to PNA, but there were significant differences among the estimation models based on different canopy sensors. For the hyperspectral sensor (Fieldspec FR 2500), DVI(760, 740) had a good performance on model development, with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.79, but the performance of model testing was poor, with R2 and RMSE of 0.15 and 2.11 g/m2, respectively. For the multispectral sensor (MSR-16), DVI(760, 710) could be used for PNA estimation, with R2 of 0.94 for model development, and with R2 and RMSE of 0.94 and 0.76 g/m2 for model testing, respectively. NDVI(770, 660) from the active spectral sensor (RT 100) gave the best estimation of PNA, with R2 of 0.97 for model development, and with R2 and RMSE of 0.97 and 0.62 g/m2 for model testing, respectively. These results would be helpful for selection of proper spectral sensors in PNA monitoring during early growth stages of rice.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Decision making - Estimation - Monitoring - Nitrogen - Reflection - Sensors - Spectrometers - Spectrometry
Uncontrolled terms:Canopy spectral reflectance - Determination coefficients - Early growth - Estimation models - Field experiment - Growing season - Growth - Hyperspectral sensors - Model development - Model testing  - Multispectral sensors - Nitrogen accumulation - Nitrogen rate - Rice cultivars - Spectral sensors - Technical support - Vegetation index
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 912.2 Management - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 711 Electromagnetic Waves
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882334Title:Correlation analysis and experimental investigation of jet noise and cavitation during high pressure jet homogenizing process
Authors:Wu, Xue (1); Zhang, Shaoying (2); Feng, Tao (1); Liu, Bin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, S.
      (cauzsy@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:170-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Cavitation is the important mechanism of high pressure homogenization. Based on fluid dynamics and cavitation theory, correlation of cavitation and jet noise change during high pressure jet homogenizing process were analyzed and estimated to evaluate cavitation. Experimental investigation of cavitation and jet noise was carried out by using different ratio ethyl alcohol-water mixture solution. Theoretical analysis indicated that cavitation could be strengthened through changing the constitutional ratio of solution. While mole fraction of ethyl alcohol xA in ethyl alcohol-water mixture solution changes from 0 close to 1, cavitation degree during ultra-high pressure jet homogenizing process increased at first and then decreased, and average sound pressure and frequency spectrum of jet noise changed correspondingly. Experimental results are basically consistent with theoretical analysis, so jet noise change can be used to evaluate cavitation conveniently and indirectly.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Cavitation
Controlled terms:Acoustic noise measurement - Ethanol - Experiments - Interferometry - Jets - Organic polymers - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Correlation of cavitations - Ethyl alcohols - Experimental investigations - Frequency spectra - High pressure - High pressure homogenization - Jet noise - Mole fraction - Sound pressures  - Ultrahigh pressure
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 801 Chemistry - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 523 Liquid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882362Title:Comparative study on composition of soil aggregates with different land use patterns and several kinds of soil aggregate stability index
Authors:Qi, Yingchun (1); Wang, Yiquan (1); Liu, Jun (1); Yu, Xiongsheng (1); Zhou, Caijing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Yanan Univerity, Yan'an 716000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Y.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:340-347
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To analyze and compare the quality of soil aggregate under various conditions, and find more sensitive status index and research method of the aggregation, and reveal the effect and influence of human activities on soil quality, an experiment on vegetable garden soil and the orchard soil with different planting histories was conducted. Mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), dimension and moment method parameter were used to analyze the characteristics of aggregates composition variation of the two kinds of soil in the process of vibration screening. The results showed that: MWD and GMD as aggregate status index could basically reflect the difference of the soil aggregate levels only in the appropriate scope of vibration screening time. The credibility of using dimension for index to display the level of soil aggregate was questionable. Moment method parameter was more sensitive to characterize the level of soil aggregate. At the same time, the level of soil aggregate of both garden soil and orchard soil increased at first and then decreased with the increase of using term.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Fractal dimension - Geometry - Land use - Method of moments - Orchards - Partial discharges - Vibration analysis - Well drilling
Uncontrolled terms:Bias coefficient - Comparative studies - Composition variation - Garden soils - Geometric mean - Geometric mean diameter (GMD) - Human activities - Land use pattern - Mean weight diameter - Moment methods  - Orchard soils - research methods - Soil aggregate - Soil aggregate stability - Soil quality
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 406 Highway Engineering - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.055
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882323Title:Effects of NMUrea on nitrogen runoff losses of surface water and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in paddy feild
Authors:Wang, Xiaoyan (1); Wang, Yi (1); Tian, Xiaohai (1); Ma, Guohui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center of Wetland Agriculture in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, 434025, China; (2) Agronomy College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; (3) China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center, Changsha, 410125, China
Corresponding author:Ma, G.
      (maguohui@hhrrc.ac.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:106-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To elucidate the effects of NMUrea on the N runoff losses characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency, the experiment was carried out and the nitrogen concentration, nitrogen runoff losses character, and grain yield were studied, with common Urea as control(CK). The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) concentration increased sharply after nitrogen fertilizer application. At the same nitrogen rate, the TN concentration in the NMUrea treatments decreased significantly faster than those of the normal Urea. Based on a logarithm model, the safe drainage time was 11.5-15.9 d after nitrogen application for NMUrea and 12.5-17.3 d after nitrogen application for Urea, respectively. The amount of N loss from drainage increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate. At the same N fertilizer rate, N loss in NMUrea treatment was less than that in the Urea treatment, and that was 70.6%-74.3% of Urea's. It was also indicated that grain yield and N agronomic efficiency of NMUrea treatment were higher than those of Urea treatments. On the above basis, it was concluded that NMUrea treatments gained higher grain yield and N agronomic efficiency, and lower N loss compared with the normal Urea treatments. The treatment with 225 kg/hm2 NMUrea-N was recommended as the best rate for achieving high-yield, high-N efficiency and safe cultivation technique in hybrid rice.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Urea fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Algebra - Fertilizers - Grain (agricultural product) - Metabolism - Nitrogen - Runoff - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Fertilizer applications - Fertilizer efficiency - Grain yield - Logarithm model - N fertilizers - Nano-carbon - Nitrogen concentrations - Nitrogen fertilizer rate - Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency - Nitrogen rate  - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Rice - Total nitrogen - Urea treatment
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 461.9 Biology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.1 Algebra
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882337Title:ACO algorithm and its application to optimization design of articulated vehicles
Authors:Dong, Jianjun (1); Shi, Boqiang (1); Zhang, Wenming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Dong, J.
      (dapeng2008jz@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:186-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to shorten the design period of engineering systems and improve product quality, and according to computational complexity, coordination disorder and other problems existing in collaborative optimization (CO) algorithm, some ameliorated studies were done in the paper. The Ameliorated Collaboration Optimization (ACO) algorithm was applied unconstrained system level which eliminated the potential for a singular Jacobian, and L1 norm which was used for improving subsystem consistency constraint. In addition, some optimization parameters and constraint models were added in the subsystem. The results from numerical simulation showed that computing efficiency of ACO algorithm was 2.6 times of CO algorithm, and the optimization result was more approximate to the real datum. Furthermore, ACO algorithm was applied to the design of articulated vehicles, fuel economy for vehicle could be improved by 2.596%, and the acceleration time of vehicle from zero to maximum velocity decreased by 6.051 seconds. The results show that the algorithm can help to improve calculation efficiency and accuracy in the optimization design of complex engineering system.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Algorithms
Controlled terms:Artificial intelligence - Computational complexity - Design - Fuel economy - Optimization - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration time - ACO algorithms - Articulated vehicle - Calculation efficiency - Collaboration - Collaboration optimization - Collaborative optimization - Complex engineering system - Computing efficiency - Consistency constraints  - Constraint model - Design period - Engineering systems - Jacobians - L1 norm - Maximum velocity - Numerical simulation - Optimization design - Optimization parameter - Product quality  - Unconstrained systems
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 432 Highway Transportation - 408 Structural Design - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882363Title:Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in reclaimed soils
Authors:Fan, Wenhua (1); Bai, Zhongke (2); Li, Huifeng (1); Qiao, Junyao (1); Xu, Jianwei (1); Li, Xia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (2) School of Land Science and Technique, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (3) College of Continued Education, Xian Yang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China
Corresponding author:Fan, W.
      (FWH012@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:348-354
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to research the potential pollution characteristics of heavy metals in reclaimed soil and to keep the ecological safety of the reclaimed soil, heavy metal elements Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr were quantitatively analyzed in the reclaimed soils at Antaibao opencast mine. The potential ecological risk and pollution degree of the heavy metals in reclaimed soil were evaluated using Hakanson ecological risk index. The results were summarized as follows: The entire research area was contaminated by Hg and Cu. The degree of contamination ranged from 8.29 to 16.90, with an average of 10.72, which was at medium level. The potential ecological risk index was between 131.43 and 331.03, most of them were at medium level; but the potential ecological risk index in 0~20cm layer of reclaimed soil of Southern 1420 deteriorated platform was 331.03, which was at higher level. The potential ecological risk indexes were at medium level in 0-40cm layer of reclaimed soil with different reclamation year and different reclamation patterns. Hg was the worst of the potential ecological risk genes in reclaimed soil at Antaibao opencast mine. Therefore, some measures should be adopted to control pollution of mercury. The results from this evaluation can be used as a complement reference to other study results.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Risk assessment
Controlled terms:Cadmium - Chromium - Ecology - Genes - Land reclamation - Mercury (metal) - Metals - Pollution control - Rating - Reclamation  - Risk perception - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological risk index - Ecological safety - Metal elements - Opencast mine - Pollution degree - Potential ecological risk - Reclaimed soil - Research areas
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 543.1 Chromium and Alloys - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.056
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882357Title:Effect of flora DF-1 on composting proceeding of brewery sludge and chicken manure
Authors:Pan, Fei (1); Zeng, Qingfu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Q.
      (qfzeng@wtu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:309-313
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the function of the agents on the process of composting and provide a theoretical basis of speeding up the brewery sludge composting and reducing odor production, flora DF-1 was inoculated to the brewery sludge and chicken manure pile. The parameters of composting and the dominant microbial of flora DF-1 were measured. The non-inoculated pile was taken as control. The results showed that the concentration of NH3 in two piles increased at initial and then declined in the trend. The concentration of H2S declined continually. The concentration of NH3 was still 0.39 mmol/m3 in composting maturity stage of no-inoculated pile, while it was 1.25 mmol/m3 in the composting section 10 d of inoculation pile, and then it could not be measured. The concentration of H2S was still 0.7 mg/L in the composting section 22 d of No-inoculated pile; it was 0.48 mg/L in the composting section 10 d of inoculation pile, and then it could not be measured. Flora DF-1 could reduce the pile moisture content, and its pile composting of TN were higher than that of no-inoculated pile, which indicated that flora DF-1 could not only reduce odor, but also make for the late dry granulation and compost product quality and efficient production of organic fertilizer. Lactococcus Lactis, Candida tropicalis and Trichoderma viride were the dominant bacterial of flora DF-1. It showed that there was an alternating process of evolution in the composting process of the dominant bacterial of flora DF-1.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Piles
Controlled terms:Animals - Bacteriology - Composting - Concentration (process) - Fertilizers - Manures - Odor control - Sludge disposal
Uncontrolled terms:Candida tropicalis - Chicken manure - Compost products - Composting process - Dry granulation - Efficient production - Lactococcus lactis - Maturity stages - Microbial community - Moisture contents  - Organic fertilizers - Process of evolution - Sludge composting - Theoretical basis - Trichoderma viride
Classification code:822 Food Technology - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461.9 Biology - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.050
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882345Title:Global sensitivity analysis of CERES-Wheat model parameters
Authors:Jiang, Zhiwei (1); Chen, Zhongxin (1); Zhou, Qingbo (1); Ren, Jianqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Z.
      (zxchen@mail.caas.net.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:236-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Crop growth models have been applied extensively in the regional crop yield prediction and estimation. It is very important to select the most sensitive model parameters for the model optimization and better model output. The Extend Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) was used to analyze the sensitivity of CERES-Wheat model parameters in a study region in Luoyang, Henan province. The sensitivity of crop and field management parameters were analyzed. The results show that these parameters including the interval between successive leaf tip appearances, days at optimum vernalizing temperature required to complete vernalization, percentage reduction in development rate in a photoperiod 10 hour shorter than the threshold relative to that at the threshold, standard kernel size under optimum conditions, kernel number per unit canopy weight at anthesis are the key sensitive parameters which should be firstly selected for the model localization. The optimal parameters selected for application of model in regional scale are planting date, planting density, fertilization date, planting depth and irrigation date. The research showed that the global sensitivity analysis in EFAST is effective for parameter selection in the crop growth model optimization to improve its performance at regional scale.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Sensitivity analysis
Controlled terms:Crops - Optimization - Plants (botany) - Standardization
Uncontrolled terms:CERES-Wheat - Crop growth model - Crop yield - Development rate - Field management - Fourier amplitude sensitivity tests - Global sensitivity analysis - Henan Province - Kernel size - Luoyang  - Model optimization - Model outputs - Model parameters - Optimal parameter - Optimum conditions - Parameter selection - Per unit - Planting date - Planting density - Regional scale  - Sensitive parameter
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882328Title:Design and test of one-step centralized type pneumatic seeding system
Authors:Chang, Jinli (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Lai Wu College of Profession and Technology, Lai Wu 271100, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, TaiAn 271018, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.
      (zhangxh@sdau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:136-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To explore the performance factors of centralized air-seed metering system, according to the technical requirements for centralized planting device, the one-step centralized 2BQ-10 type pneumatic seeding system was developed. The test results indicated that the core part divider with the convex lid structure can save more energy than other two kinds of structures. The uniform variation coefficient of each line was decreased with the increase of the rotation speed of the metering device and the seeding rate. With the length of fold-shaped pressurized tube increasing little by little from 0, the trend of variation coefficient of each line increased at initial, and then decreased. When the seed metering speed was 38 r/min, sowing rate was 277 kg/hm2, fold-shaped pressurized tube length was 260 mm, the uniform variation coefficient of each line was 2.75%. The design and experiment can provide a reference for further research of centralized type pneumatic seeding system.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Experiments - Pneumatics
Uncontrolled terms:Centralized type pneumatic seeding system - Core part - Design and tests - Dividers - Metering devices - Performance factors - Rotation speed - Seed metering - Seeding - Seeding rate  - Technical requirement - Test results - Tube length - Variation coefficient
Classification code:632.3 Pneumatics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882341Title:Design and simulation of hybrid controller of active suspension and multi-axle steering
Authors:Wang, Huan (1); Gao, Xiuhua (1); Yang, Ming (1); Yang, Shengyin (1); Chen, Jiankai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Corresponding author:Gao, X.
      (xhgao@jlu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:208-214
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the handling stability and the ride performance of multi-axle vehicle, through building a 5 2n degree of freedom multi-axle vehicle dynamic model, a LQG controller was designed. According to the simulation test, the responses of active suspension vehicle and passive suspension vehicle to the performance index of the step signal at low and high speed were analyzed and compared. Results of the analysis indicated that the peak side angle decreased by 0.03 rad, the peak vehicle yaw rate, by 0.1 rad/s, the peak rolling angle, by 0.015 rad, the peak pitching angle, by 0.015 rad, the peak vehicle vertical acceleration, by 0.3 m/s2 and the peak tire dynamic displacement, by 0.009 m, comparing active suspension vehicle with passive suspension vehicle at low-speed. At high-speed, the peak of performance indexes above respectively decreased by 0.095 rad, 0.4 rad/s, 0.075 rad, 0.09 rad, 2.1 m/s2 and 0.018 m. The handling stability and the ride performance of active suspension vehicle are improved significantly comparing with passive suspension vehicle.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Suspensions (components)
Controlled terms:Automobile steering equipment - Automobile suspensions - Axles - Controllers - Design - Flight dynamics - Integrated control - Steering - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Active suspension - Design and simulation - High-speed - Hybrid controller - LQG controller - Multi-axle - Multi-axle steering - N degree of freedom - Passive suspension - Performance indices  - Pitching angle - Ride performance - Simulation tests - Step signal - Tire dynamics - Vehicle dynamic model - Vertical accelerations - Yaw rate - Zero sideslip angle proportional control
Classification code:732.1 Control Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 931.1 Mechanics - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 601.2 Machine Components - 408 Structural Design - 632.1 Hydraulics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882346Title:Improvement and comparative analysis of indices of crop growth condition monitoring by remote sensing
Authors:Zhao, Hu (1); Yang, Zhengwei (2); Li, Lin (3); Di, Liping (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, VA 22030, United States; (3) School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (4) Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems, GMU, MD 20770, United States
Corresponding author:Zhao, H.
      (jhaohu@gmail.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:243-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For improving Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), the limitation of NDVI when it was employed as the indicator of crop growth condition monitoring by remote sensing was analyzed in this paper. GRNDVI was promoted as the substitution of NDVI by just using red and near infrared bands. The pixel-level and image-level comparisons between the new index and other four counterparts (NDVI, SR, TDVI and RNDVI) illuminated that GRNDVI could cover the NDVI deficiencies, which meant that NDVI was sensitive to soil background at low vegetation canopy and easy to saturate at highly covered canopy. The results show the potential of using GRNDVI as the indicator of crop growth condition monitoring by remote sensing.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Condition monitoring
Controlled terms:Crops - Remote sensing - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative analysis - Crop growth condition - GRNDVI - Index - NDVI - Near infrared band - New indices - Normalized differential vegetation indices - Vegetation canopy
Classification code:603 Machine Tools - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882347Title:Optimal approach on renewing framework for rural power network upgrading
Authors:Piao, Zailin (1); Meng, Xiaofang (1); Xie, Dongguang (2); Wang, Jue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electric Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (2) College of Electric Engineering, Northeast Danli University, Jilin 132012, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.
      (Kellay_wang@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:250-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The annual increase of electric load in rural distribution makes it necessary to renew framework during upgrading rural power network. Model for load forecasting was given, and adaptability of power network was defined in this paper. According to the minimum and maximum load increasing rate, the minimum and maximum load were forecasted in the end of planning period, and adaptabilities of network were analyzed, and paths with bad adaptability were found subsequently. On the basis of satisfied voltage quality, minimum investment, and lowest power loss, the renewal schemes of network were determined. The method proposed was applied to a real grid example. By calculation, analysis and comparison, the results showed that the method can be used for confirming weak part of rural network, and determining the renewal scheme of frameworks. And also the results showed that the loss was significantly reduced, and the node voltage was greatly improved. The method can adapt to the renewal needs of multi-voltage level and multi-line rural network under the structure of radial grid.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Electric network analysis
Controlled terms:Electric lines - Electric load distribution - Electric load forecasting - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptability - Electric networks - Increasing rate - Loads - Renewing framework
Classification code:703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882309Title:Estimating theory and method of irrigation water-saving potential based on irrigation district scale
Authors:Lei, Bo (1); Liu, Yu (1); Xu, Di (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; (2) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing 100048, China
Corresponding author:Lei, B.
      (leibo@iwhr.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:10-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to estimate irrigation water-saving potential, this paper proposed a new theory and method based on irrigation district scale. According to this theory, the conception of "gross water-saving" and "net water-saving" were introduced to avoid the argument of opinions between engineering-type water-saving and real water-saving. Furthermore, the assessment indicators of irrigation water-saving was conducted and the calculating model of water-saving potential was proposed. To verify this theory and method, a case study on Tuhaimajiahe river basin was made to estimate water saving of irrigation engineering measures with two scenarios at 20% and 40% water-saving rate seperately. The estimate result showed that the water-saving irrigation projects had good effect on gross water-saving water than on net water-saving.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Water conservation
Controlled terms:Estimation - Irrigation - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Assessment indicator - Calculating model - Indicators - Irrigation districts - Irrigation waters - New theory - River basins - Theory and methods - Water-saving - Water-saving irrigation  - Water-saving potential
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882344Title:Virtual realization of tobacco leaves based on ball B-spline function
Authors:Wang, Yunyun (1); Wen, Weiliang (1); Guo, Xinyu (1); Zhao, Guohui (2); Lu, Shenglian (1); Xiao, Boxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Information Technology in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Corresponding author:Guo, X.
      (guoxy@nercita.org.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:230-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Reconstruction of three-dimensional plant morphological structure is the basis for digital plant research. In this paper, ball B-spline curve and interpolation of B-spline surface were combined to realize geometric modeling of tobacco leaves with venation skeleton structure. In modeling process, 3D scanner and other measurement tools were firstly used to get 3D coordinates and thickness of veins according to principal morphological structure of tobacco leaves. And then veins models were generated with ball B-spline curve to get the morphological skeleton, through synthesis with leaves surface which was described with interpolation of B-spline surface. The final models were completed to realize 3D reconstruction and reality exhibition of tobacco leaves. The results show that the leaves models generated by this method are more realistic, and the method can provide a new technique for explicit modeling of plant leaves.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Three dimensional
Controlled terms:Curve fitting - Geometry - Interpolation - Spheres - Splines - Tobacco
Uncontrolled terms:3-D scanner - 3D coordinates - 3D reconstruction - B-spline surface - Ball B-spline - Explicit modeling - Geometric modeling - Leaves - Measurement tools - Modeling process  - Morphological skeleton - Morphological structures - Plant leaves - Skeleton structure - Tobacco leave - Virtual realization
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882369Title:Effects of controlled atmosphere storage on postharvest physiology and storage quality of Xinjiang Jiashi muskmelon
Authors:Zhang, Yang (1); Zhang, Runguang (1); Zhang, Youlin (1); Gong, Wenxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.
      (youlinzh@snnu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:383-388
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Xinjiang Jiashi muskmelon is considered a precious fruit, but it is not easy for storage. In order to extend the storage period of Jiashi muskmelon, effects of 8 different gas components on physiological changes and storage quality of Xinjiang Jiashi muskmelon postharvest were studied in this paper. The results showed that when Jiashi muskmelon was stored under the condition of 7%CO2 5%O2 88%N2, its titratable acid content, reducing sugar content and fruit firmness could be maintained; the activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and polygalacturonase (PG) were inhibited; catalase (CAT) activity was kept at a relative high level. After 80 d of storage, the rotten index was 0.3 and the commodity fruit rate was 90%; the fruit had a luscious flavor with fresh green color and the effect of fresh-keeping was better. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical method for Xinjiang Jiashi muskmelon storage.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Fruits - Physiology - Principal component analysis - Sugars
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled atmosphere storage - Fruit firmness - Gas component - Green color - Physiological change - Polygalacturonase - Polyphenol oxidase - Postharvest - Reducing sugars - Storage  - Storage periods - Storage quality - Theoretical basis - Titratable acid - Xinjiang
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.062
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882366Title:Dynamics of thin layer hot-air drying of lagenaria leucantha rusby
Authors:Zhu, Aishi (1); Xia, Kai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, A.
      (zhuai86@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:365-369
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to master the thin layer hot-air drying character of lagenaria leucantha rusby, the influences of the wind temperature and speed on the drying process of thin layer hot-air drying of the lagenaria leucantha rusby under certain condition were studied. The equations of drying curve were fitted, and the dynamics parameters such as convective heat-transfer coefficient α, and quality transmission coefficient kH, were calculated. The results showed that the wind temperature and speed had greater influence on the dehydrating rate, and 75°C, 1.04 m/s were suitable parameters. The drying procedure could accurately be described by the Page model. With the wind speed rising, α and kH increased, but the wind temperature had a little effect on the two coefficients. The results can provide a theoretical basis for industrialization production and control of drying lagenaria leucantha rusby.
Number of references:11
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Curing - Dynamics - Heat convection - Thin films
Uncontrolled terms:Air drying - Coefficient - Convective heat transfer - Drying curves - Drying process - Hot air drying - Lagenaria leucantha rusby - Page models - Quality transmission - Theoretical basis  - Thin layers - Wind speed - Wind temperature
Classification code:641.2 Heat Transfer - 642.1 Process Heating - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.059
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882358Title:Change of three-dimentional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of manure dissolved organic matter after composting and influence on its complexation with Cu
Authors:Zhang, Fengsong (1); Li, Yanxia (2); Yang, Ming (2); Feng, Chenghong (2); Li, Wei (1); Yan, Weijin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (3) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.
      (liyxbnu@bnu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:314-319
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in animal manure may complex with Cu and facilitate its transmission to the soil solution and groundwater. The aim was to investigate the spectroscopic characterization of DOM isolated from pig, cattle manure and their composts using 3DEEM technology (the three-dimentional excitation emission matrix fluorescence), and to reveal the influence of composting process on DOM complexation with Cu by fluorescence quenching titration. The results showed that protein-like fluorescence peaks, including tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like peaks, were present in all DOM of pig and cattle manure. In addition to protein-like fluorescence peaks, humic-like fluorescence peak was also observed in cattle manure DOM. The fluorescence of tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like peak in DOM extracted from pig manure declined significantly after composting, at the same time, the humic-like fluorescence peak was observed in the compost although it did not exist in fresh pig manure. Similar to the pig manure, tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like peaks of cattle manure were not distinguishable after composting, meanwhile, the intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak stimulated by UV excitation had significantly increased. Moreover, subtle decrease in fluorescence of humic-like peak stimulated by visible excitation and a red shift of peak position were observed in comparison with the fresh cattle manure. Fluorescence quenching experiment indicated that the manure composts were characterized by the smaller binding capacities compared to the fresh manure. It was suggested that composting process may change compositions of manure DOM, with an elevated concentration of humic acid and fulvic acid, therefore may decrease the mobility and availability of DOM-Cu in animal manure.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Animals - Biogeochemistry - Composting - Dissolution - Fertilizers - Fluorescence - Groundwater - Organic acids - Quenching  - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:3DEEM - Animal manure - Binding capacities - Cattle manures - Composting process - Dissolved organic matter - Dissolved organic matters - Elevated concentrations - Excitation-emission matrix fluorescences - Fluorescence peak  - Fluorescence quenching - Fulvic acids - Humic acid - Peak position - Pig manures - Red shift - Soil solutions - Spectroscopic characterization - UV excitation
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822 Food Technology - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 814 Leather and Tanning - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444.2 Groundwater - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 481.2 Geochemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.051
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882336Title:Investigation of the effect mechanism of dislocations on natural fibres mechanical properties
Authors:Dai, Dasong (1); Fan, Mizi (2); Huang, Biao (1); Chen, Xuerong (1); Tang, Lirong (1); Li, Suqiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (2) Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
Corresponding author:Fan, M.
      (mizi.fan@brunel.ac.uk)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:180-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Dislocations are thought the weakest link in natural fibres which have negative effects on the tensile strength of the fibres. With the aim to investigate the effect of dislocations on the mechanical properties of natural fibres (hemp), this paper presented a systematic approach to examine the dislocations in natural fibres firstly by optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) for the morphologies of the dislocations and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for the crystallinity index. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was mainly employed for the examination of hydrogen bonds, removal of hemicellulose and lignin in the dislocation regions of natural fibres. The results showed that the effects of dislocations on the mechanical properties of fibres by the following three ways: 1) debonding of hydrogen bonds in cellulose especially the O(3)H-O(5) hydrogen bonds, which could reduce the crystallinity index and strain energy; 2) removal of hemicellolose, which could separate the different layers in cell wall, intensify amorphous features of natural fibres and reduce transfer of shear stress between cellulose microfibrils and lignin; 3) removal of S-lignin, which could reduce the strength of lignin network and the shear stress transferred from cellulose microfibrils.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Tensile strength
Controlled terms:Cellulose - Cellulose derivatives - Electromagnetic wave reflection - Field emission - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Hydrodesulfurization - Hydrogen - Hydrogen bonds - Lignin - Mechanical properties  - Natural fibers - Optical emission spectroscopy - Scanning electron microscopy - Shear flow - Shear stress - Strain - Strength of materials - X ray diffraction - X ray diffraction analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Dislocation - FTIR spectra - G-lignin - Natural fibre - S-lignin
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 932 High Energy Physics; Nuclear Physics; Plasma Physics - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801 Chemistry - 741.1 Light/Optics - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882322Title:Evapotranspiration simulation with different scenarios analysises of Fangshan District by SWAT model
Authors:Qian, Kun (1); Ye, Shuigen (1); Zhu, Qin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Zhejiang Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric, Hangzhou 310002, China
Corresponding author:Ye, S.
      (yeshuigen@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:99-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Fangshan district of Beijing belongs to Haihe river basin where the water resource is shortage and the regional underground water is over-extracted. On the basis of the information of the district and joining the SWAT model database, the relative attribute database for the district was made up and the SWAT model was constructed eventually. The SWAT model was applied to simulate evapotranspiration(ET) and water environment of the study area under different controls in the year 2020 and 2030, and the results showed that among the eight scenarios, simulation ET under consideration of the three factors was close to the target ET well. The first considering factor was the agriculture irrigating management with moderate water saving practice, the second was the optimization of plant structure including the decrease of high water consumption crops and vegetable field, increase of forest land, installment agriculture and fruits cultivation, and the third one was the control of the overexploitation of groundwater. Under the water resources planning management program in the scenario, the excessive water exploitation in Fangshan district will be constrained, the over-exploitation of groundwater will be terminated, and the goal of sustainable development of river basin will be achieve ultimately. The analysis report will provide an important basis for integrated management in the study area.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Solvent extraction
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Cultivation - Evapotranspiration - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Land use - Planning - Plant management - Structural optimization - Water conservation  - Water supply - Watersheds - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Attribute database - Forest land - Haihe River basin - High water - Integrated management - Overexploitation - Plant structures - River basins - Scenario analysis - Study areas  - SWAT model - Underground water - Vegetable Field - Water environments - Water resources planning - Water saving
Classification code:912.2 Management - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 444 Water Resources - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882339Title:Identifying maize cultivars by single characteristics of ears using image analysis
Authors:Yang, Jinzhong (1); Zhang, Hongsheng (1); Hao, Jianping (2); Du, Tianqing (2); Cui, Fuzhu (2); Li, Nana (2); Liang, Gaimei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (2) Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (3) Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China
Corresponding author:Yang, J.
      (jzyang@qau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:196-200
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Definitions and screens of novel organ characteristics are among main concerns in differentiation of similar cultivars in maize (Zea mays L.) DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) test. To screen image features of ears in maize for potential traits of DUS testing, RGB images for fifty well-developed upper ears of 4 maize cultivars were photographed. Features of 145 ear traits were exacted using image analysis from into 4 categories of size, shape, color and texture. The correct identification rate (CIR) derived from statistical discrimination analysis using single image features was taken as the identifaction power. CIR&apos;s of 145 extracted ear traits varied from 0.244 to 0.634 with the mode of 0.35. The 17 traits out of 145 ones performed well with over 0.5 correct rate in discriminating cultivars, and could be promising candidate traits for DUS test. They consisted of 6 shape features of ear length to width ratio, compactness, shape factor, eccentricity, surface sphericity and body sphericity, and 8 textures of the first, second and sixth invariant moments, uniformity, and 4 mean or variance statistics of Fourier Transform, and 3 colors of ear green skewness, kernel crown red mean and row gap proportion. One of these 17 traits is in the list of the National Guide, but none of them belong to size category. The generalized heritability (GH) of tested traits ranged from 0.00 to 0.66. Robust regression analysis revealed a highly positive relationship between CIR and GH (CIR = 0.29   0.44*GH, r = 0.897, P < 0.01). Conclusions are that novel image features of maize ears may be promising candidate characteristics for DUS test, and that potentials of 4 categories for variety identification power rank as shape > texture > color > size.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Color - Fourier transforms - Image analysis - Imaging systems - Regression analysis - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:DUS testing - Ear morph - Image process - Maize (Zea mays L.) - Variety identification
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 746 Imaging Techniques - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882316Title:Impact of climate change on cotton production and water consumption in Shiyang River Basin
Authors:Chen, Chao (1); Pan, Xuebiao (1); Zhang, Lizhen (1); Pang, Yanmei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Sichuan Climate Center, Chengdu 610071, China; (3) Beijing Mentougou Meteorological Administration, Beijing 102308, China
Corresponding author:Pan, X.
      (panxb@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:57-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on the COSIM cotton model associated with the climate change scenario produced by the UK Hadley Centre regional climate model-PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), the cotton production and water consumption were simulated in Shiyang River Basin under A2 (concentration on the economic development) and B2 (concentration on the sustainable development) emission scenarios, and the potential of enlarging cotton cultivation scope in SRB was discussed. Finally, the impact of future climate change on cotton production in SRB was analyzed based on the proposed adaptation measures such as adjusting sowing date, breeding the new cotton variety and adopting different irrigation amount. The results showed that the cotton growth stages would prolong and the yield would obvious increase by 2080s(2071-2100) in Minqin under future emission climate change scenarios, and the yield under A2 scenario would be higher than that under B2 scenario, but the increase rate under B2 scenario would be faster than that under A2 scenario. The risk of cultivating cotton would reduce with the decrease of variation coefficient of cotton yield. The reference crop evapotranspiration, water consumption and water use efficiency would obvious increase by 2080 in Minqin, which demonstrated water requirement of cotton tended to rise and water productivity per unit would increase. The risk of cotton drought would rise with the increase of variation coefficient of reference crop evapotranspiration and water consumption.WUE of cotton tended to more stable with the decrease of variation coefficient of WUE. The cotton could natural grow in Wuwei under future A2 and B2 emission scenarios, and cotton would obtain high yield under A2 scenario, which demonstrated the cotton cultivation scope would be expanded and there was a certain potential for cotton production in future SRB when only climate change was considered. If keeping other managements unchanged, the sowing date was delayed under A2 scenario or advanced under B2 scenario, the cotton yield would increase. Breeding the early-mid maturing cotton variety into SBR, the cotton yield would obvious increase under A2 scenario but decrease under B2 scenario, which indicated that there could be some risks on breeding the new variety in the future climate scenarios. If irrigation amount decreased under A2 and B2 emission scenarios, the cotton yield would obvious decrease, which demonstrated the risk of cotton production would rise if irrigation amount was insufficient and production water use gave place to ecological water use in future SRB.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Climate models - Computer simulation - Cotton - Crops - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Risk perception - Water management - Water supply - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Climate change scenarios - Cotton cultivation - Cotton growth - Cotton production - Cotton yield - Crop evapotranspiration - Economic development - Emission scenario - Future climate - Growth period  - High yield - Per unit - Regional climate - Regional climate models - River basins - Sowing date - Variation coefficient - Water consumption - Water productivity - Water requirements  - Water use - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 451 Air Pollution - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 446 Waterworks - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882331Title:Effect of fan power supply frequency on deposition of air-assisted sprayer
Authors:Song, Shuran (1); Hong, Tiansheng (1); Sun, Daozong (1); Zhu, Yuqing (1); Luo, Chengyang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Hong, T.
      (tshong@scau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:153-159
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The distribution of droplet deposition and spraying swath is affected by the fan speed of air-assisted sprayer. Taking the D400 air-assisted sprayer as the experiment platform, the spraying experiment was carried out by using 1 g/L concentration solution with colorant Rhodamine-B, instead of pesticide. The droplet deposition on sampling points under variable fan frequency was calculated by using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. Test results showed that the three deposition peak areas in axial direction of the spray tube were formed due to variable nozzle locations relative to different height of the spout. Along with fan power supply frequency declined, droplet deposition quantity peak areas shifted towards the spout. Meanwhile, the function of wind power transmission weakened, the number of deposition peak areas and the distances between the adjacent deposition peak areas were becoming small. It was found in spray breadth tests (44.5-49.5 Hz) that deposition quantity on sampling points which were distributed within ± 2 m of the tube axis reached up to 97.11% of total deposition quantity in sampling areas. The far away deviated from the axis, the little droplet quantity deposited. The results demonstrate that air-assisted spraying can possess fine directivity and prevent droplet drift, and the features will not change with frequency variation. The droplet deposition beyond 8m of the spout is affected obviously by natural wind. In actual spraying operation, power supply frequency can be regulated, according to the distance between the sprayer and target, to keep the droplet to deposit mostly in the target area and thus increase the utilization of pesticides. The spraying effect can be improved by weakening the height differences between the nozzle positions.
Number of references:8
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Deposition - Drops - Experiments - Pesticides - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:Air-assisted sprayer - Air-assisted spraying - Axial direction - Different heights - Directivity - Droplet deposition - Fan power - Fan speed - Fluorescence spectrophotometer - Frequency variation  - Natural wind - Peak area - Power supply frequency - Rhodamine-B - Sampling points - Test results
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 813.1 Coating Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882349Title:Model and analytic framework for fuel project development under constraint conditions
Authors:Wu, Yanjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Business School of Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Y.
      (wyj138@gmail.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:261-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:There will be a big pressure on the emission reduction of liquid fossil fuel. Developing the liquid biomass can accelerate the process of emission reduction and ease food security crisis in China. A theoretical model and analytic framework exampled by fuel ethanol was established to analyze the possible effects of biomass development on the Chinese emission reduction methods and food security in the cases of both short-term and long-term dynamic equilibrium. The results showed that to achieve emission reduction targets, the Chinese government should take the initiative to assume the costs of energy structure adjustment and support the sustainable development in fuel ethanol industry by subsidizing non-food energy crops planting, fuel ethanol producing and fuel ethanol consuming for the purpose of easing emission reduction resistance and food security threat.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Food storage
Controlled terms:Crops - Emission control - Ethanol - Food supply - Fossil fuels - Fuel storage - Liquids
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese Government - Constraint conditions - Emission reduction - Energy crops - Energy structures - Food security - Fuel ethanol - Long term dynamics - Project development - Theoretical models
Classification code:822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 524 Solid Fuels - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 523 Liquid Fuels - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 404.2 Civil Defense - 522 Gas Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882355Title:Construction of an ecological ditch based on periphyton reactor
Authors:Tao, Ling (1); Li, Gu (2); Li, Xiaoli (2); Lin, Yuliang (3); Zhang, Shiyang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (2) Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jingzhou 434000, China; (3) Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Li, G.
      (ligu667@yahoo.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:297-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To make the effluent of constructed wetlands in a pond recirculating aquaculture system satisfy aquaculture requirent, a 150m in length, 0.5m in width and 0.6m in depth ecological ditch was constructed on the basis of the periphyton reactor theory. The reoxygenation and deep purification effect of the ditch on the effluent of constructed wetlands was explored in this study. The results showed that the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the effluent of constructed wetlands increased to a range of 4.41-7.91 mg/L and pH value increased significantly by flowing though the ecological ditch (P < 0.05). DO level in the water of ecological ditch increased linearly with the length of the ditch within the range of 150 m (P < 0.05). The ecological ditch deeply purified NH4 -N, IMn and PO43--P in the effluent of the constructed wetlands with removal rate of 19.46%, 13.38% and 31.09%, respectively. The total coliform group was also eliminated with removal rate fluctuating between 12.5% and 78.13%. These results indicated that the ecological ditch based on periphyton reactor could increase DO level and further reduce N, P content of the effluent from the constructed wetlands. The ecological ditch can be used as a matching water reuse system of constructed wetlands.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Wetlands
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Dissolution - Dissolved oxygen - Ecology - Effluents - Fish ponds - Lakes - Manganese - Purification - Wastewater reclamation  - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Coliform group - Constructed wetlands - Periphyton - Periphytons - pH value - Pond aquaculture - Purification effect - Reactor theory - Recirculating aquaculture system - Removal rate  - Reoxygenation - Water reuse
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453 Water Pollution - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 452.3 Industrial Wastes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.048
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882352Title:Effect on biogas yield of straw with twin-screw extruder physical-chemical combination pretreatment
Authors:Cui, Qijia (1); Zhu, Hongguang (1); Wang, Danyi (1); Xiong, Feilong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Bio-energy Research Center, Modern Agricultural Science and Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, H.
      (zhuhg@tongji.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:280-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of straw pretreatment in biogas engineering, this study proposed a physical-chemical combination pretreatment of the straw based on twin-screw extruder for biogas production. Taking rice straw as the material, the experiments were divided into twin-screw physical-chemical combination pretreatment group, unique twin-screw physical pretreatment group, unique chemical pretreatment group and no pretreatment group, and the feeding amount above was 20 g by dry weight. The results of the experiments showed that: (1) the cumulative biogas yield of the four groups were 2340.5, 1750, 2025.5 and 1868.5 mL respectively; (2) the results of analysis of variance (p < 0.05) on the biogas yield per gram of total solid (TS) were that: for chemical method p=0.0158, for physical method p=0.4828, for physical-chemical interaction method p=0.0422; this showed the physical-chemical combination pretreatment was significance to biogas yield; (3) after twin-screw pretreatment, the length of the material was 5-10 mm and the width was 1-2 mm. The results showed that the physical-chemical pretreatment with twin-screw extruder is one of the potential pretreatment, and the transformation in the form of the straw can meet the need of accessing and discharge for CSTR and change the flow field in the CSTR when stirring.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Chemical analysis
Controlled terms:Biogas - Experiments - Extruders - Regression analysis - Screws
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas production - Chemical interactions - Chemical method - Chemical pre-treatment - Dry weight - Feeding amount - Four-group - Physical methods - Physical pre-treatment - Physical-chemical combination pretreatment  - Pre-Treatment - Rice straws - Total solids - Twin screw extruders
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 816.2 Plants and Machinery for Plastics and Other Polymers - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801 Chemistry - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 522 Gas Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882348Title:Biomass power plant site selection modeling and decision optimization
Authors:Chen, Cong (1); Li, Wei (1); Li, Yanfeng (2); Zhu, Ying (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory of Biomass Power Generation Equipment, Beijing 102206, China; (2) MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, S-C Energy and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Corresponding author:Li, W.
      (weili819@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:255-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:During the operation of biomass power plant, the transport costs of straw and other transportation fuels account for a large proportion of the cost of the operation of biomass power plant. It is significant to optimize the biomass power plant site. Interval linear programming model was proposed for the biomass power plant site selection. The uncertainty of the information was fully taken into account which included the quantity of biomass, transportation prices and so on. And the number of biomass power plants, optimum site and transportation schemes were obtained with minimum cost, minimum energy consumption and lowest effect on environment. Taking a hypothetical biomass power plant with installed capacity of 45000 kw for example, the calculation results with the model for the hypothetical example were that: the number of biomass power plant was 1; minimum cost for biomass power plant construction and operation was 0.184 and 0.277 billion respectively; and the coordinate of optimum biomass power plant site was from [(258.70, 232.99) to (254.54, 225.89)] km. Additional, transportation schemes were also determined, which can provide a scientific basis for decision-makers.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Site selection
Controlled terms:Biomass - Costs - Energy utilization - Linear programming - Modular construction - Optimization - Power plants
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass power plants - Decision makers - Installed capacity - Linear programming models - Minimum cost - Minimum energy - Transport costs - Transportation fuels
Classification code:911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 402 Buildings and Towers - 405.2 Construction Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882321Title:Effect of different irrigation thresholds on growth and yield of garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) in greenhouse
Authors:Yang, Wenbin (1); Hao, Zhongyong (2); Wang, Fengxin (1); Su, Limao (3); Yao, Jinfeng (3); Ma, Jun (3); Hu, Jialin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Beijing Hydraulic Research Institute, Beijing 100048, China; (3) Yanqing Water Resources Bureau, Beijing 102100, China
Corresponding author:Hao, Z.
      (hzy@bwsti.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:94-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different irrigation thresholds on yield and growth of garland chrysanthemum under simulated micro-spray irrigation in greenhouse. The experiment included six treatments, which controlled soil water potential (SWP) at 15cm depth with -10 kPa (T1), -15 kPa (T2), -20 kPa (T3), -25 kPa (T4), -30 kPa (T5) and -40 kPa (T6), respectively. The results showed that effect of different irrigation threshold on the crop yield was significant. Treatment T2 had the highest yield and compared with T1, T3, T4, T5 and T6, its yield increased by 0.5%, 18.7%, 62.6%, 73.4%, 71.7%, respectively. Irrigation amount of T2 was 195 mm throughout the growth period, saving 56.4% than that of T1. The plant height and growth rate of T2 had no difference from T1. When the irrigation threshold was lower than -25 kPa in SWP, garland chrysanthemum would be under severe water stress, negatively affecting seedling emergence and restraining its growth. The SWP of -15 kPa was recommended as the best irrigation threshold for garland chrysanthemum, because of both high-yield and water-saving.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Experiments - Forestry - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Soil moisture - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Crop yield - Garland chrysanthemum - Growth and yield - Growth period - Plant height - Seedling emergence - Soil water potential - Spray irrigation - Water stress - Water-saving  - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 451 Air Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882319Title:Restoration of soil water in alfalfa-grain crop rotation fields on semi-arid region
Authors:Wang, Xuechun (1); Li, Jun (1); Fang, Xinyu (1); Wang, Meiyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.
      (junli@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:81-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Restoration of soil water in alfalfa-grain crop rotation fields was observed and simulated in the semi-arid region of southern Ningxia by the combination of field investigation and crop model simulation. Results showed that: a high soil desiccation rate and soil water restoration rate appeared both in the earlier stage and a low rate appeared in the later stage in the process of formation of desiccation layer during alfalfa growth period and soil water restoration during alfalfa-grain crop rotation period. It was difficult to restore soil water in the 8-10 m layer soil. Considering the sustainable soil water use of alfalfa-grain crop system, PPW rotation system (with the sequence of potato, potato, spring-wheat) was the optimum pattern to restore soil water on desiccated alfalfa grasslands with 6-8 years old, and alfalfa can be planted again after PPW rotation for 16-20 years. Results of this study can provide references for the using and restoration of soil water in alfalfa land on the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Computer simulation - Crops - Driers (materials) - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain growth - Restoration - Rotation - Soil moisture - Water conservation  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Alfalfa - Crop model - Field investigation - Grain crops - Growth period - Loess Plateau - Low rates - Semi-arid region - Semiarid area - Soil water  - Water restoration
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 723.5 Computer Applications - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 402 Buildings and Towers - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882314Title:Spatial and Temporal pattern of soil temperature in cotton field under mulched drip irrigation condition in Xinjiang
Authors:Zhang, Zhi (1); Tian, Fuqiang (1); Zhong, Ruisen (1); Hu, Heping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Corresponding author:Tian, F.
      (tianfq@tsinghua.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:44-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Temperate soil heat condition, together with suitable soil moisture condition, is of critical importance for crop growth. Film covering is a beneficial agronomic measure and changes the soil temperature dynamics significantly. To quantify such influences in the hyper-arid area, field experiments were implemented in Xinjiang Province in 2008 and 2009. Soil moisture and temperature time series data were obtained for different irrigation and agronomy treatments. The results indicated that: the spatial pattern of soil temperature along the horizontal direction would depend on the combinational influence of meteorological, growing, soil moisture, and mulching conditions. Soil temperature in the intra-film location was 1.6°C higher than that in the inter-film location at 15cm depth in the seedling phase. The inter-film temperature exceeded the intra-film temperature in the bud phase and flowering phase, while the two temperatures collapsed together in the blooming of boll phase. Soil moisture and heat movements were intimately coupled. The amplitude of soil temperature with high soil moisture condition was small due to its big heat capacity. The average mulched soil temperature within 25cm depth was 2°C higher than the bare soil temperature after irrigation under the same moisture condition. The experiment showed that the mulched drip irrigation can provide more suitable soil moisture and heat conditions for cotton growth.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Arid regions - Cotton - Irrigation - Moisture determination - Soil moisture - Temperature - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Arid area - Bare soils - Cotton growth - Crop growth - Drip irrigation - Field experiment - Film temperature - Heat capacities - Heat conditions - Hyper-arid area  - Moisture conditions - Soil temperature - Spatial patterns - Temperate soils - Temporal pattern - Time-series data - Two-temperature - Xinjiang
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 444 Water Resources - 443 Meteorology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882329Title:Design of a hardware-in-loop simulation platform for combines load control
Authors:Qin, Yun (1); Zhao, Dean (1); Zhang, Chao (1); Zhang, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Y.
      (Qinyun543212@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:142-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The combine is a serious non-linear system, and there are many uncertain parameters. Therefore the researches in the combine&apos;s load control need a lot of tests. Because of many constraints in the field tests, the comprehensive tests are elusive. In order to address these problems, a hardware-in-loop simulation platform was designed in this paper. The platform was formed by the load feedback controller and the virtual plant based on 4LZ2.0 combine. A test conditions designer was also provided. The system can be an effective tool for test the load feedback controller in research. Finally, a load feedback controller was tested on the platform under various test conditions. The result shows that the platform is useful.
Number of references:10
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Combines - Computer simulation - Feedback control - Linear systems - Mathematical models - Testing - Uncertainty analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Controller test - Effective tool - Feedback controller - Field test - Hardware-in-loop simulation - Load control - Loads - Test condition - Uncertain parameters - Virtual plants
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 921 Mathematics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 732.1 Control Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 423.2 Non Mechanical Properties of Building Materials: Test Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882335Title:Parameters optimization of segmented damping composite bogie wheel using vibration energy dissipation
Authors:Yan, Bijuan (1); Sun, Dagang (1); Song, Yong (2); Zhang, Xin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electronic Engineering College, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (2) Mechanical Instrumental Engineering College, Xi&apos;an University of Technology, Xi&apos;an 7100484, China
Corresponding author:Yan, B.
      (s2003110@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:175-179
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the shortcoming of parameters experience selection, parameters of segmented damping composite bogie wheel were optimized considering the effect of vibration dissipation energy on buffer quality. A vibration energy dissipation model for bogie wheel was established. Based on the maximum of dissipation energy, optimization of the thickness of each layer and segmented angle were developed by ANSYS parametric language under the common work condition; and then the mechanical characteristics of the optimized bogie wheel were verified under extreme work condition. The results showed that the stress-strain of the optimized bogie wheel was within the reasonable scope and its dissipation energy was raised 83% compared with that of the bogie wheel before optimization. The optimization results can provide reference for the application of damping materials in bogie wheel.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Optimization
Controlled terms:Bogies (railroad rolling stock) - Damping - Electron energy loss spectroscopy - Energy dissipation - Energy dissipators - Vehicles - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Bogie wheels - Damping material - Dissipation energy - Effect of vibration - Mechanical characteristics - Parameters optimization - Segmented damping - Stress-strain - Work condition
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 801 Chemistry - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 931.1 Mechanics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 432 Highway Transportation - 601.2 Machine Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882342Title:Method for multi-disease diagnosis based on optimized symptom adjacent-searching clustering and SOM NN
Authors:Zhang, Ke (1); Chai, Yi (1); Kuang, Jinjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, College of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, K.
      (zithker@hotmail.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:215-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Complex processes have the characteristic of multifarious, and simultaneity multi-abnormality is familiar in the area. Aimed at this problem, the representations and descriptions of symptom with abnormality were analyzed. Based on an existing mono-fault (mono-disease) diagnosis method by Self-Organizing Map Neural Networks (SOM NN), a multi-fault (multi-disease) diagnosis model was developed. This proposed SOM NN-based model has three layers, it has no need to study multi-disease samples. According to the analysis, Euclidean distance was taken as the main discrimination, and the sufficiency and necessity of symptom adjacent-searching were analyzed. The adjacent-searching algorithm was optimized and improved. Taking tomato disease as an example, the disease symptoms were extracted, and the mapping relationship between disease and symptom were developed. Using the method, the correct cluster results of disease symptom combinations were obtained. This model can achieve an accurate diagnosis of multi-diseases. The simulation results show that the proposed model performs well and the proposed multi-disease diagnosis is effective.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Diagnosis
Controlled terms:Cluster analysis - Computer simulation - Conformal mapping - Fruits - Neural networks - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Adjacent-searching optimization - Artificial neural networks - Complex Processes - Diagnosis methods - Diagnosis model - Disease diagnosis - Disease symptoms - Euclidean distance - Multi-disease diagnosis - Searching algorithms  - Self-organizing map neural network - Simulation result - Three-layer - Tomato disease
Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882356Title:Pollutant generation coefficient and discharge coefficient in animal production
Authors:Dong, Hongmin (1); Zhu, Zhiping (1); Huang, Hongkun (1); Chen, Yongxin (1); Shang, Bin (1); Tao, Xiuping (1); Zhou, Zhongkai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Agro-environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Dong, H.
      (Donghm@mail.caas.net.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:303-308
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Pollutant generation and discharge coefficients in animal production are the key parameters for animal environment engineering research and animal waste treatment projects. There were no authoritative pollutant generation and discharge coefficients available in China because the research about animal husbandry environmental engineering started late. Based on the characteristics of China&apos;s animal industry, generation and discharge coefficients of pollutants definitions, calculation methods, application scope and application of methods were discussed combined with typical cases analysis. Under the application of a typical pig farm in Beijing, three stage (nursery, fattening and gestation) generation coefficient for one pig were calculated, which were 252.8, 479.6, 493.4 g/d for COD, 20.4, 33.2, 43.7 g/d for TN, 3.48, 6.06, 9.93 g/d for TP, respectively. Under the pig waste treatment system operation condition, three stage discharge coefficients were calculated, these were 44.9, 64.1, 22.5 g/d for COD, 14.1, 20.9, 36.3 g/d for TN, 1.0, 1.8, 0.4 g/d for TP, respectively. The results can provide a reference for the pollution source census, animal waste treatment system operation.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Animals
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Industrial waste treatment - Pollution - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Animal husbandry - Animal production - Animal wastes - Calculation methods - Case study - Discharge - Discharge coefficients - Environment engineering - Generation coefficient - Key parameters  - Pollution sources - Three stages - Treatment systems
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.049
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882338Title:Video analysis for tachypnea of pigs based on fluctuating ridge-abdomen
Authors:Ji, Bin (1); Zhu, Weixing (1); Liu, Bo (1); Li, Xianfeng (1); Ma, Changhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) School of Computer Science, Anhui University of Technology, Ma&apos;anshan 243002, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, W.
      (wxzhu@ujs.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:191-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Artificial monitoring has low efficiency in early warning of tachypnea pigs on farms. For automatically detecting sick pigs, the pig ridge-abdomen contour was captured by a machine vision, and the strong correlation between the frequency of fluctuating ridge-abdomen contour was confirmed by automatically calculating and the frequency by estimating. Ten selected pigs, the health and the tachypnea, were scored visually by six trained observers (5-point scale), and then the videos of the side-view pigs which stood still, with resolution of 320 pixels × 240 pixels, were recorded. On Matlab simulation platform, recorded videos were split into sequences of gray images. By using subtraction of background, extraction of ridge-abdomen contour and fluctuating ridge-abdomen contour descriptor, the fluctuating frequencies from automatic capture were compared with the ones from manual calculation, and it showed that the mean correlation coefficient of all measurements was 0.947. The recognition precision of fluctuating ridge-abdomen was higher than 85% with the pig-window size ratio of 0.35-0.75, and the positive linear relationship between frequencies of tachypnea pig and the scores from human was validated. Vision techniques have well potential for warning tachypnea pigs.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Frequency estimation
Controlled terms:Animals - Computer vision - Estimation - Pixels - Signal processing - Video recording - Video signal processing
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Descriptors - Early warning - Fluctuating ridge-abdomen contour - Gray image - Linear relationships - Machine vision - Matlab simulations - Strong correlation - Tachypnea  - Video analysis - Vision technique - Warning sick pig - Window Size
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 723.5 Computer Applications - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882324Title:Establishing and validating the root water uptake model of winter wheat under salt stress conditions
Authors:Wang, Lichun (1); Shi, Jianchu (2); Zuo, Qiang (2); Zhu, Xiangming (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100194, China; (3) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
Corresponding author:Zuo, Q.
      (qiangzuo@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:112-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to validate the relations between the root-water-uptake and the root nitrogen mass, and optimize the salinity stress reduction function, a field experiment was designed to estimate the root-water-uptake rate distributions of winter wheat and discuss the relationship between the maximum root-water-uptake rate and the root nitrogen mass density. The relationship was used to establish a root-water-uptake model, optimize the salinity stress reduction function, and simulate the root-water-uptake dynamics under salinity stress. The simulated root-water-uptake rate distributions were comparable with the estimated values using the inverse method. The results showed that the linear relationship between root-water-uptake rate and root mass nitrogen was applicable in optimizing the salinity stress reduction function and establishing the root-water-uptake model under salinity stress.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Salinity measurement
Controlled terms:Inverse problems - Nitrogen - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Field experiment - Inverse methods - Linear relationships - Mass densities - Root mass - Root nitrogen mass density - Root-water uptake - Salinity stress - Salt stresss - Water uptake  - Winter wheat
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882351Title:Simulation analysis of distribution of energy consumption for year round cucumber production in multi-span greenhouse in China
Authors:Yao, Yiping (1); Dai, Jianfeng (1); Luo, Weihong (1); Su, Gaoli (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou, 310017, China
Corresponding author:Luo, W.
      (lwh@njau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:273-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Distribution of energy consumption per unit yield of greenhouse crops is essential information for assessing the risk of greenhouse investment and optimizing greenhouse climate control in different regions. In order to predict the energy consumption per unit yield of greenhouse crops, a Venlo type greenhouse and cucumber crop were used in this study. Firstly, hourly meteorological data (air temperature, global radiation, water vapor pressure and wind speed) were derived based on the 25 years (1980-2005) average meteorological data (daily maximum and minimum air temperature, water vapor pressure, sunshine hours and wind speed) of 224 weather stations in China. The hourly meteorological data were then used as input of a greenhouse energy consumption model and a crop growth simulation model to calculate the greenhouse energy consumption, cucumber potential yield and the energy consumption per unit yield of cucumber under two different strategies for greenhouse temperature (daytime and nighttime set-point for temperature control for strategy I: Tset,d=24°C and Tset,n=19°C,for strategy II: Tset,d=20°C and Tset,n=15°C) and CO2 (CO2 enrichment: 1000 μL/L, natural ventilation CO2: 350 μL/L) control used for commercial greenhouse cucumber production. Based on the simulation results, maps of the distribution of energy consumption per unit yield of greenhouse cucumber in China under the two different strategies for greenhouse temperature and CO2 control conditions were obtained by using GIS software. The results showed that energy consumption per unit yield of greenhouse cucumber increased from the south to the north and higher altitude regions. Under the two strategies for greenhouse temperature control, CO2 enrichment reduced greenhouse energy consumption in a greater degree in the south than in the north and higher altitude regions. With the two temperature control strategies, the variation of energy consumption per unit yield of greenhouse cucumber was less than 8%, but with temperature control strategy II and CO2 enrichment, it could be reduced up to 29%-67% (from the north and higher altitude regions to the south). Greenhouse energy consumption in China mainly depend on outside climate conditions and set-point for temperature control. Under the given two temperature control strategies, the potential yield of greenhouse cucumber is mainly affected by outside solar radiation and inside CO2 concentration. CO2 enrichment can greatly increase crop potential yield, and can be an effective approach to increase the use efficiency of greenhouse energy consumption. The results obtained in this study can be used for assessing the risk of greenhouse investment and optimizing greenhouse climate control in different regions of China.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Atmospheric radiation - Atmospheric temperature - Climate control - Computer simulation - Crops - Electric load forecasting - Energy conservation - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Greenhouse effect  - Hydrostatic pressure - Investments - Meteorology - Optimization - Risk assessment - Solar radiation - Sun - Temperature control - Water vapor - Wind effects
Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature - Altitude regions - Climate condition - Crop growth - Cucumber - Energy consumption - GIS software - Global radiation - Greenhouse climate control - Greenhouse crops  - Greenhouse cucumbers - Greenhouse energy - Greenhouse temperature - Meteorological data - Multi-spans - Natural ventilation - Per unit - Set-point - Simulation analysis - Simulation result  - Sunshine Hour - Use efficiency - Weather stations - Wind speed
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.1 Probability Theory - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 402 Buildings and Towers - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 525.3 Energy Utilization
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882312Title:Exploration on anti-frost heave mechanism of lining canal with double films based on computer simulation
Authors:Liu, Xudong (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1); Yan, Changcheng (1); Li, Jialin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (3) Water Conservancy Government Department of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; (4) Water Conservancy Bureau of Wujiang County, Wujiang 215200, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Z.
      (wangzz0910@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:29-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To prevent frost heaving damage, double plastic films can be laid under lining plate which can unbind adfreezing constraint between lining and frozen soil. This kind of canal is just called lining canal with double films. In order to explore its effect and mechanism, finite element software ADINA was applied to simulate canal heaving process and the rules of stresses and deformations of lining plate were also analyzed. Compared with the normal lining canal, lining canal with double films can get an obvious effect of anti-frost heave, because it can make frost heaving distribution and force more uniform to reform stress states remarkably. For mean square deviation and extremum of tangential adfreezing force on shady slope, bottom and sunny slope, the decreasing amplitude is greater than that of normal frost-heave force. And this fact demonstrates that lining canal with double films can weaken the constraint to make frost heaving distribution uniform and reform stress states, which is the mechanism of anti-frost heave. Compared with trapezoidal section, the trapezoidal with arc-bottom is suitable section for lining canal with double films. And its elastic joints between arc-bottom plate and that on slope should be managed elaborately, or integral structure should be applied to avoid sliding instability of plates on slope. The results can provide scientific references for further research and extended application of lining canal with double films.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Canal linings
Controlled terms:Computational methods - Computer simulation - Computer software - Frozen soils - Hydraulic structures - Linings - Numerical analysis - Plates (structural components) - Protective coatings
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-frost heave mechanism - Bottom plate - Elastic joints - Finite element software - Frost heave - Frost heaving - Mean square deviation - Stress state
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 813.2 Coating Materials - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 951 Materials Science - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 434 Waterway Transportation - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882332Title:Experiments and analysis on mechanical property of corn stalk reciprocating cutting
Authors:Li, Yaoming (1); Qin, Tongdi (1); Chen, Jin (2); Zhao, Zhan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
Corresponding author:Qin, T.
      (qintongdi@yahoo.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:160-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to reduce the cutting force and power consumption and improve the cutting property, a cornstalk cutting test-rig composed of mechanical equipment and measurement system was developed. Then a cantilever weigh sensors, a high frequency digital acquisition card and the software of LabVIEW were applied in the measurement system. Cornstalk experiments were carried out on the test-rig. According to the measuring cutting force, the cutting power consumption were calculated, and the influence of cutting angle, cutting speed, cutting position, the epidermal and node of cornstalk on the cutting force and consumption were analyzed. The better cutting property and the smaller values of cutting force and consumption were obtained with the cutting angle closed to 20°, with the increasing of cutting position and speed, the peak cutting force and the cutting power consumption were both decreased gradually. The epidermal cutting force accounted for about 63%-83%, and the cutting force for the node increased about 56% compared with that for the internode. The research can provide theoretical basis for improving the cutting property.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Cutting equipment
Controlled terms:Computer programming languages - Crops - Experiments - Measurements - Mechanical properties
Uncontrolled terms:Corn stalk - Cutting angles - Cutting forces - Cutting power - Cutting properties - Cutting speed - Cutting test - Digital acquisition - High frequency - LabViEW  - Measurement system - Mechanical equipment - Power Consumption - Reciprocating cutting - Stalk - Theoretical basis - Weigh sensor
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 604.1 Metal Cutting
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882359Title:Process and assessment of organic substrate production by cassava stalk compost
Authors:Li, Guangyi (1); Li, Qinfen (1); Zhang, Jingyuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy Sciences of Tropical Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China; (2) Environment and Plant Protection College, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
Corresponding author:Li, Q.
      (qinfenli@sina.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:320-325
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In this study cassava stalk as main material, was used to transform into organic substrate with auxiliaries of chicken manure, sugarcane bagasse and fermenting bacteria of organic waste. The experiment was conducted aimed at probing the best process of fermentation and evaluating the quality of substrate. The results indicated that the main indexes of substrate, including composting temperature, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), value of TC divided TN, pH, total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and electrical conductivity (EC) showed some regular changing trends. Physical and chemical properties of substrate were suitable for cultivation. Treatment 2 (stalk of cassava   fermenting bacteria of organic waste   chicken manure) and treatment 3 (stalk of cassava   fermenting bacteria of organic waste   chicken manure   sugarcane bagasse) were more appropriate for organic substrate production considering the effect on composting temperature, composting duration and physical chemistry indexes of soilless planting substrate.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Animals - Bacteriology - Bagasse - Chemical properties - Composting - Electric conductivity - Manures - Phosphorus - Physical chemistry - Physical properties  - Potassium - Sewage - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Changing trends - Chicken manure - Composting temperature - Electrical conductivity - Fermenting bacteria - Organic substrate - Organic wastes - Physical and chemical properties - Stalk of cassava - Sugar-cane bagasse  - Total carbon - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorus
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811 Cellulose, Paper and Wood Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 814 Leather and Tanning - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 524 Solid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.052
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882360Title:Nitrogen mineralization in soils amended with sewage sludge composted with different crop straws as bulking agent
Authors:Tang, Ganhai (1); Liu, Junying (1); Gu, Chunhao (1); Zhao, Xiulan (1); Wang, Dingyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, X.
      (zxl@swu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:326-331
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of nitrogen mineralization among three soils amended with four sewage sludge composted with the straws of wheat(XMC), rice(SDC), corn(YMC) and rape(YCC). The purpose was to understand the effect of sewage sludge composted with different crop straws on nitrogen mineralization in soils and establish a scientific way for sewage sludge compost application in agriculture. The soils tested included an acidic purple soil, a yellow soil and a calcareous purple soil. All the compost treatments could significantly improve the values of potentially mineralizable nitrogen(N0), promoted nitrogen mineralization, and consequently increase the NH4 -N and NO3--N concentrations in soils. The optimal amounts of nitrogen mineralized and the N0 values were found in the treatments of YCC and XMC for the calcareous purple soil, in the treatment of XMC for the acidic purple soil and in the treatment of YCC for the yellow soil. The amount of nitrogen mineralized increased after 90 days incubation in the compost treated calcareous purple soil, while it became stable at 60 days and 30days incubation in the compost treated-acidic purple soil and yellow soil, respectively. However, no obvious tendency of the mineralization rate constant (k) values was found in the three soils treated with the four composts. The results illustrated that the effect of sewage sludge compost on the mineralization of nitrogen varied with soils and the properties of crop straws. Based on the results of the present study, some advices on the application of sewage sludge compost were put forward.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Composting - Crops - Mineralogy - Nitrogen - Rate constants - Sewage sludge - Sludge disposal - Soil mechanics
Uncontrolled terms:Bulking agents - Nitrogen mineralization - Sewage sludge compost - Yellow soil
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 482 Mineralogy - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.053
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882364Title:Design and application of ultraviolet degradation equipment for pesticide residue in fruits
Authors:Liu, Xinshe (1); Jian, Zaihai (2); Wang, Jiqing (2); Sun, Shouru (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Shangqiu Vocational and Technical College, Shangqiu 476100, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Corresponding author:Liu, X.
      (sqzyliu@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:355-359
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the effective methods for degradation pesticide residue contained in fruits, an equipment for degredation of pesticide residue in fruits was developed by means of ultraviolet rays irradiating. The degradation effects of pesticide residues contained in Jonagold apple and Dangshan pear was studied with the equipment. Using ultraviolet of 253.7 nm wavelength and 2243 μW/cm2 effectual intensity to treat the apple and pear with dichlorovos, fenvalerates for 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 min separately. compared with untreated samples (taken as reference, CK), the results indicated that the pesticide residue of the treated fruits was reduced obviously. The results show that the treatment with 1 min has the best comprehensive effect which degradation rates of Dimethoate residue in the apple and pear are 57.40% and 60.12%, the degradation rates of fenvalerates are 42.23% and 41.25%. At the same time the pesticide residues in fruits are far below national standard.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Degradation - Equipment - Pesticide effects - Ultraviolet radiation
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive effect - Degradation effect - Degradation rate - Design and application - Dimethoate - National standard - Pesticide residue - Ultraviolet - Ultraviolet degradation - Ultraviolet rays
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901 Engineering Profession
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.057
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882326Title:Design and experiment on 3ZCF-7700 multi-functional weeding-cultivating machine
Authors:Han, Bao (1); Shen, Jianying (1); Li, Yuemei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (2) General Station of Agricultural Mechanization Technique Extension of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150000, China
Corresponding author:Han, B.
      (hanbao2004@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:124-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to solve problems which existed in the former designed weeding-cultivating machines, such as injuring seedlings seriously, weeding difficultly and the low weeding rate on the course of mechanical weeding between crop seedlings, 3ZCF-7700 multi-functional weeding-cultivating machine matching with high-power tractors was developed. The machine which was suitable for cultivating in the field of corn, soybean and beat could finish the processes of deep side fertilizing, scarification and weeding between seedlings, earth up, ridging and deep loosening. Its main structure, working principle and the design of critical components were briefly described. The experimental results of the machine in the corn field showed that the average weeding rate between seedlings was 76%, the injury seedling rate was less than 4.4%, the average weeding rate between rows was 95.7%, and the other various performances met the design requirements. The machine can satisfy with the agronomic requirements of intertillage management in dry farmland.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Machine design
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Seed - Weed control
Uncontrolled terms:Corn fields - Critical component - Crop seedlings - Design requirements - Dry farming - Dry farmlands - High-power - Main structure - Mechanical weeding - Multi-functional  - Scarification and weeding between seedlings - Working principles
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882318Title:Deficit irrigation scheduling of greenhouse tomato based on quality principle component analysis
Authors:Wang, Feng (1); Du, Taisheng (1); Qiu, Rangjian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Du, T.
      (dutaisheng@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:75-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to find optimal deficit irrigation scheduling for better fruit quality and higher benefit of greenhouse tomato, an experiment was conducted and the principle component analysis method was used to evaluate tomato comprehensive quality in each harvest under different deficit irrigation regimes. Combined with the actual market yield, the concept of average quality comprehensive principle component was put forward to indicate the tomato comprehensive quality performance under different irrigation treatments. The results showed that comprehensive quality principle component obeyed normal distribution significantly, and included 88.41% primordial quality attribute variation information with better representation and objectivity, and thus could be used as the overall tomato quality evaluation index. When applying 1/3 irrigation amount of the control treatment in flowering and fruit developing stage, normal irrigation in other growth stages, the highest comprehensive quality index and an acceptable yield were achieved, and also 56 mm irrigation water was saved. That is to say that the irrigation scheduling with 12 times and 196 mm water amount during the total growth period should be recommended as the optimal irrigation pattern for the greenhouse winter-spring tomato scientific cultivation.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Fruits - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Normal distribution - Optimization - Principal component analysis - Quality assurance - Scheduling - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive qualities - Deficit irrigation - Fruit quality - Greenhouse tomatoes - Growth period - Growth stages - Irrigation patterns - Irrigation scheduling - Irrigation treatments - Irrigation waters  - Principle component - Principle component analysis - Quality attributes - Quality evaluation - Tomato - Water amount
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 912.2 Management - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882340Title:Crop planting extraction based on multi-temporal remote sensing data in Northeast China
Authors:Hao, Weiping (1); Mei, Xurong (1); Cai, Xueliang (3); Du, Jiantao (1); Liu, Qin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Key laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, MOA, Beijing 100081, China; (3) Southern Africa Office, International Water Management Institute, Private Bag X 813, Silverton, 0184, Pretoria, South Africa
Corresponding author:Liu, Q.
      (liuq@ieda.org.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:201-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Crop area and its spatial distribution are generally considered to be essential data inputs for crop yield estimation, assessment of water productivity and adjustment of cropping structure to support science and policy applications focused on understanding the role and response of the agricultural sector to environmental change issues. The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of time-series MODIS 250m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data for large-area crop mapping over Northeast China. Spatial pattern of crop planting was obtained based on 16-day time-series MODIS 250m NDVI data from 2007 to 2008, Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM ) images, and ground truth data using Optimal Iteration Unsupervised Classification, spectral matching technique (SMT) and Google Earth. Sub-pixel area fraction estimate was applied to estimate cropland area, rice area, spring maize area and soybean area. We found that the position precision was 85.7%, their correlation coefficient compared with statistic was 0.916, 0.685, 0.746 and 0.681 respectively, and that there was significant difference between these groups by using paired samples test. Results indicated that the method can accurately reflect various crop distributions in Northeast China and be applied for large-area crops classification and crop planting extraction.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Estimation - Forestry - Pixels - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:MODIS - NDVI - Northeast China - Spectral matchings - Sub pixels
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882350Title:Analysis on environmental effect of rural energy consumption and its influence factors
Authors:Yang, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Urban and Environmental Science, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Z.
      (yangzhen0971@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:268-272
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Emission factors were used to estimate quantity of greenhouse gas emissions from rural household energy consumption in each province of China. And the corresponding ecological footprint was regarded as the indicator of environmental effect. STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model was used to analyze the influence of population, affluence and technology on the environmental effect. The results showed that: (1) The difference was significant about the footprint of different energy consumed by rural households. The footprint of power consumption was absolutely dominant and the footprint of biogas consumption was the smallest; (2) The population size was the most significant positive factor of energy footprint. And there wasn&apos;t obvious influence of affluence on firewood, straw and coal footprint. The influence on biogas footprint was significantly negative, but it was positive on the power footprint and the total footprint. (3) There was a great provincial difference about ecological benefits in technology which had large possible to improve. The results can provide a scientific basis for the strategy of rural energy-saving emission reduction in China.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Gas emissions
Controlled terms:Biogas - Ecology - Energy utilization - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Population statistics - Rural areas - Stochastic models
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological benefits - Ecological footprint - Emission factors - Emission reduction - Environmental effects - Factors - Influence factors - Population sizes - Power Consumption - Rural energy  - Rural household energy - Rural households
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 522 Gas Fuels - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451 Air Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882327Title:Design and experiment of the 3ZFC-7 omni-bearing duplex type cultivator
Authors:Che, Gang (1); Zhang, Wei (1); Liang, Yuan (1); Ma, Yongcai (1); Yang, Zhongguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi land Reclamation University, Daqing 163319, China
Corresponding author:Che, G.
      (chegang180@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:130-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For development of auxiliary facilities of large tractors for field working, an omni-bearing duplex type cultivator was designed with functions of deep digging, side-fertilizing, intelligent measuring, inter-row and shoot apex weeding in meantime. The structure of parallel four-bar profiling mechanism, the spiral comb-type weeder and the vibrating fertilizer equipment were completed for better cultivating effects with the virtual prototype technology and field experiment. Structure parameters of the cultivator were optimized by several times of simulation. The field experiment and measurement showed that the machine has simple structure, good adaptability and its performance can perfectly meet agriculture technique requirements. It can satisfy the farm requirements and provide theoretical basis for later all-dimensional cultivator design.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Bearings (structural) - Cultivation - Experiments - Fertilizers - Machine design
Uncontrolled terms:Auxiliary facilities - Duplex type cultivator - Field experiment - Intelligent measuring - Shoot apex - Simple structures - Structure parameter - Theoretical basis - Vibrating fertilizer - Virtual Prototype Technology
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882311Title:Modified SWAT for rice-based irrigation system and its assessment
Authors:Wang, Jianpeng (1); Cui, Yuanlai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.
      (jianpeng83@gmail.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:22-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A distributed hydrological model was developed by integrating and improving the modified SWAT2000 to take quantitative research on water transformation of rice-based irrigation system in hilly area of south China. Thinking over the hydrological process and the special characteristics of rice-based irrigation system in hilly area, the main ameliorations, including the simulation framework, the factors of water balance (rainfall, ET (evportranspirtion), seepage, irrigation and drainage) and the canal seepage influence, could further improve the efficiency of simulation. Then the new modified SWAT was validated in a representative small watershed in Zhanghe Irrigation System and the simulation results were compared with the results of the original SWAT. The index of simulation efficiency, including the relative error (RE), linear regression coefficient (R2) and the Nash-Suttclife simulation efficiency coefficient (Ens), were used to the simulation results evaluation. The RE of the total runoff was within ±10.0% for the simulation values of the new modified SWAT and the observed values, but it took only 30% to 40% of the observed total runoff for the original SWAT. The R2 of the daily runoff were larger than 0.85 for the simulation values of the new modified SWAT and the observed values, while they varied from 0.76 to 0.91 for the simulation values of the original SWAT and the observed values. The Ens of the daily runoff ranged from 0.57 to 0.74 for the simulation values of the new modified SWAT and the observed values, while they were lower than 0.50 for the simulation values of the original SWAT and the observed values, even just was negative. The RE of the rice ET was only -4.76% for the simulation values of new modified SWAT and the observed values, but it reached to -38.49% for the original SWAT and the observed values. The R2 of the rice ET reached to 0.93 for the simulation values of the new modified SWAT and the observed, while it just was 0.73 for the original SWAT and the observed values. The Ens of the rice ET was up to 0.85 for the simulation values of the new modified SWAT and observed, but it was negative for the original SWAT and the observed. The results suggested that the new modified SWAT was more effective and suited than the original SWAT. It can be a good way to study water transformation and water saving potential in rice-based irrigation system.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Computational methods - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Runoff - Seepage - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Distributed hydrological model - Hilly areas - Hydrological process - Irrigation systems - Leakage - Linear regression coefficients - Precipitation - Quantitative research - Relative errors - Rice-based irrigation system  - Simulation efficiency - Simulation framework - Simulation result - Small watersheds - South China - SWAT - Water balance - Water saving - Water transformations
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 921 Mathematics - 444.1 Surface Water - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882317Title:Effect of different irrigation seasons on the transport of N in different types farmlands and the agricultural no-point pollution production
Authors:Du, Jun (1); Yang, Peiling (1); Li, Yunkai (1); Ren, Shumei (1); Wang, Yongzhong (2); Li, Xianyue (1); Su, Yanping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricutural University, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Ningxia Administration Bureau of Farms and Land Reclamation, Yinchuan, 750001, China
Corresponding author:Yang, P.
      (yangpeiling@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:66-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Through the analysis of thet transport of N in the groundwater, ditch and soil profile during the period from the first-autumn irrigation to the second-autumn irrigation in Wulate irrigation region in Hetao Irrigation District Inner Mongolia, and the law of the agricultural non-point pollution production was analyzed so as to provide the corresponding theoretical guidance of the control of nitrogen pollution in Hetao Irrigation District. The study results shows that the accumulation of NO3--N in the deeper soil profile (120-160 cm) was not significantly during the first-autumn irrigation period. The NO3--N content were increased by 1.25, 2.72 and 2.89 mg/kg in the three farmland soil profiles (80~160 cm) respectively after the second-autumn irrigation period. The NH4 -N distributions were relatively homogeneous from surface to deep of soil profile. The change law of the NO3--N and NH4 -N content in the three type soil profiles were increased or reduced seasonally. The content of NO3--N and NH4 -N in the groundwater in the second-autumn irrigation period were higher than that of the first-autumn irrigation period. The second-autumn irrigation period was the key stages which producted the agricultural non-point pollution in Hetao Irrigation District. The NO3--N and NH4 -N were accumulated in the soil profile of salt wasteland, which was helpful to reduced the amount of the agricultural non-point pollutant discharge.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Farms - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Oil spills - Soil pollution control - Soil surveys - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural non-point pollution - Farmland soils - Farmlands - Hetao irrigation district - Inner Mongolia - Irrigation districts - Irrigation period - N content - Nitrogen pollution - Nonpoint pollutions  - Point pollution - Pollutant discharges - Soil profiles
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882330Title:Performance comparison for different mechanical aeration methods in pond
Authors:Gu, Jian (1); Gu, Haitao (2); Men, Tao (2); Liu, Xinguo (1); Cao, Jianjun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200092, China; (2) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China; (3) The National Supervision and Testing Center of Fishery Machinery and Instrument, Shanghai 200092, China
Corresponding author:Gu, J.
      (gujian@fmiri.ac.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:148-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to compare the performance indexes of the main mechanical aeration methods in pond culture, the aeration capacity in clean water test, the changes of dissolved oxygen in actual pond and the power efficiency for some kinds of mechanical aeration methods were studied through historical and current data of clean water oxygenation test and field experiments in ponds. The results indicated that the aeration capacity of impeller aerator was 4% and 264% higher than those of paddlewheel aerator and propeller aerator respectively; the power efficiency of impeller aerator was 12.7% and 259% higher than those of paddlewheel aerator and propeller aerator respectively in clean water; the time to achieve the water layer mixing uniformity for impeller aerator was 40% less than those for paddlewheel aerator and propeller aerator, and the increasing values of dissolved oxygen for impeller aerator was 115% and 293% higher than those for paddlewheel aerator and propeller aerator respectively in pond. The comprehensive aeration performance of impeller aerator is higher than that of paddlewheel aerator and propeller aerator, and the propeller aerator has the worst comprehensive aeration performance. The study can provide useful references for the rational application of mechanical aeration methods in pond culture.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Water aeration
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Dissolved oxygen - Impellers - Lakes - Mechanical properties - Oxygen supply - Oxygenation - Propellers
Uncontrolled terms:Aeration capacity - Aeration methods - Aeration performance - Clean waters - Current data - Field experiment - Paddle aerator - Paddle wheels - Performance comparison - Performance indices  - Pond - Pond culture - Power efficiency - Water layers - Waterwheel aerator
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 671.2 Ship Equipment - 601.2 Machine Components - 951 Materials Science - 453 Water Pollution - 445 Water Treatment - 444 Water Resources - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882367Title:Prediction of apple superficial diseases or disorders after cold storage by pre-storage aniline blue staining
Authors:Li, Fujun (1); Zhang, Xinhua (1); Li, Xiangyu (1); Sun, Xisheng (2); Yu, Weiqin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (2) Rohm and Haas China Company, Beijing 100738, China; (3) Dayao Agriculture Technology Service Station, Mouping 264117, China
Corresponding author:Li, F.
      (lifujun@sdut.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:370-375
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize the prediction of apple superficial diseases or disorders after storage, the &apos;Fuji&apos; apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Fuji) was used as the material to evaluate the relationship between the aniline blue staining of apple during pre-storage and the superficial diseases or disorders after storage. The results revealed that the aniline blue staining index of apple pre-storage was negatively related to the good fruit rate of apple after storage(R=-0.947). In addition, the scale of aniline blue staining was related to the CO2 injury index (R2=0.9779) and decay index (R2=0.8394) after storage, but it was not associated to the superficial scald and the lenticels breakdown. It was concluded that the aniline blue staining of apple fruit could be used for the prediction of good fruits after cold storage.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Aniline - Cold storage - Forecasting - Refrigerators
Uncontrolled terms:Aniline blue - Apple - Apple fruits - Decay index - Malus domestica Borkh - Prediction - Storage - Superficial disease
Classification code:644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.060
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882308Title:Rural energy in China: Pattern and policy
Authors:Zhang, Lixiao (1); Hu, Qiuhong (1); Wang, Changbo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, L.
      (zhanglixiao@bnu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The rural energy will play a more and more important role in the whole national energy system along with the rural economic development and deepening and expanding of energy-saving and emission-reduction. Based on available data of rural energy consumption, the spatial and temporal characteristics of rural energy consumption as well as the evolvement of rural energy policy were analyzed. The total energy consumed increased from 307.19 Mt in 1979 to 998.51 Mt in 2008, more than triple. The proportion of non-commercial energy decreased while the proportion of commercial energy increased steadily and biomass energy was no longer in leading position. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the per capita energy consumption in rural China was higher in North than in South, and higher in East than in West. The resources endowment is very crucial to energy consumption structure with respect to local availability. Though the state has been keeping an eyes on rural energy development, the rural energy system is excluded from the state commercial energy supply system and not received in the state strategy system. Restricted by dual structure in urban and rural economy and business segregation, the designing and implication of rural energy policy gave priority to technical policy, and making the policy system lack systematicness, stability, compatibility and continuity by multi-departments, multi-objects and multi-agents.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Energy policy
Controlled terms:Biomass - Economics - Energy resources - Energy utilization - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Bio-mass energy - Commercial energy - Consumption patterns - Economic development - Energy consumption - Energy consumption structure - Energy saving - Energy systems - Multi agent - Multi-objects  - Per capita - Policy systems - Rural economy - Rural energy - Strategy system - Technical policies - Temporal characteristics - Total energy
Classification code:525 Energy Management and Conversion - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882310Title:Effects of different furrow irrigation patterns, water and nitrogen supply levels on hydraulic conductivity and yield of maize
Authors:Yang, Qiliang (1); Zhang, Fucang (2); Liu, Xiaogang (1); Ge, Zhenyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650024, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, F.
      (zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:15-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Effects of different furrow irrigation patterns, water and nitrogen supply levels on hydraulic conductivity and yield of maize were studied by orthogonal experiment design. Hydraulic conductivity of maize root and shoot was measured for stage of shooting, heading and late filling by transient method with High Pressure Flow Meter (HPFM) developed by Dynamax Corporation in USA in the maize field. The results showed that maximum root and shoot hydraulic conductivity was obtained in stage of shooting, its value was gradually smaller along with growing stage. The optimal combination was obtained by the yield and hydraulic conductivity of maize in this experiment, which the relative furrow irrigation patterns was alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation pattern and the irrigation quota was 282 mm, and the quantity of supply nitrogen was 240 kg · hm-2. It is obvious that alternate furrow irrigation repeating watering for growing root in drying rootzone, promoting root and shoot hydraulic conductivity increased, water fertilization use and transport efficiency improved, and higher nitrogen accumulation in plant and yield of maize was obtained.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Hydraulic conductivity
Controlled terms:Irrigation - Moisture - Nitrogen
Uncontrolled terms:Alternate furrow irrigation - Furrow irrigation - High pressure - Irrigation quotas - Maize - Maize roots - Nitrogen accumulation - Nitrogen accumulation in plant - Nitrogen supply - Optimal combination  - Orthogonal experiment design - Root and shoot hydraulic conductivity - Transient method - Transport efficiency - Yield
Classification code:632.1 Hydraulics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882354Title:Physical and chemical characteristics of anaerobically digested slurry from large-scale biogas project in Jiangsu Province
Authors:Jin, Hongmei (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1); Ye, Xiaomei (1); Ma, Yan (1); Zhu, Jin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Z.
      (czhizhou@hotmail.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:291-296
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Biogas plant in the intensive livestock and poultry farm is a large potential biomass energy project, which could provide clean energy and reduce the stress on environment. However, studies about nutrient management of biogas by-product (i.e. anaerobically digested slurry (DS)) were few. Characteristics and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents in DS from 21 large-scale biogas projects were investigated in intensive piggery and dairy farms in Jiangsu Province. The results showed that the investigated DS from digested reactors was reductive and pH values were neutral and weak alkaline. Total N of DS in piggery farms and dairy farms were concentrated on 400 to 900 mg/L and 200 to 400 mg/L, respectively, and 30 to 100 mg/L and > 300 mg/L for total P, 100 to 500 mg/L and > 500 mg/L for total K. More than 70% of N was ammonium N. Total and dissolved P varied greatly among the investigated sites. Anaerobic reactor became more steady with running time, which significantly influenced on the physical and chemical properties and nutrient characteristics of DS. Oxidation pond (OP) could significantly cripple the suspended solid, N and P in DS. Compared with the primary OP, multi-stage of OP had better crippling effect.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Nutrients
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Ammonium compounds - Biogas - Biomass - Farms - Lakes - Oxidation - Phosphorus - Potassium - Sewage lagoons
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic reactor - Anaerobically digested slurry - Bio-mass energy - Biogas plants - Clean energy - Dairy farms - Jiangsu province - Multi-stage - Nutrient management - Oxidation pond  - Oxidation ponds - pH value - Physical and chemical characteristics - Physical and chemical properties - Poultry farms - Running time - Suspended solids
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 522 Gas Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.047
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882325Title:Characteristic and model building of stemflow of corn plant in different growth stages
Authors:Ma, Bo (1); Wu, Faqi (1); Chen, Yu (1); Ma, Fan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Institute of Desertification Control, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750002, China
Corresponding author:Wu, F.
      (wufaqi@263.net)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:118-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to systematically determine the stemflow at different growth stages of corn plants with different rainfall intensities and to establish simple, practical models, stemflow of corn (Zea mays L.) plants was determined in different growth stages under simulated rainfall conditions. The relationship between corn stemflow, corn leaf area, and rainfall intensity was analyzed, and a stemflow model for a single corn plant was developed. The results showed that when averaged across all grow stages, corn stemflow accounted for 44.55% of the total rainfall. Stemflow amount tended to increase as corn leaf area and rainfall intensity increased. In contrast, the stemflow ratio increased as leaf area increased, but did not change significantly as rainfall intensity increased. Data from this study were used to establish a theoretical model, a semi-empirical model, and an empirical model of stemflow for a single corn plant. The accuracy of all three models for estimating corn stemflow at different growth stages was verified to be within required limits. Among the three models, the semi-empirical model was the most simple and accurate in actual measurement and application. The stemflow models developed in this study are useful tools for studying the spatial variation of rainfall and sprinkler irrigation water beneath a corn canopy and its effect on soil water movement and soil erosion. The models can also provide theoretical guidance for water balance under irrigation and precise management of water and fertilizer application in corn cropping systems.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Flow measurement - Flowmeters - Geologic models - Plants (botany) - Rain - Soil moisture - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Corn - Projected area - Rainfall - Rainfall intensity - Stemflow
Classification code:943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 481.1 Geology - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources - 443.3 Precipitation - 461.9 Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882320Title:Effect of straw-bentonite-PAM improved material on saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil
Authors:Sun, Rongguo (1); Wei, Wusi (1); Wang, Dingyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region&apos;s Eco-Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, China
Corresponding author:Wang, D.
      (dywang@swu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:89-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the water holding capacity of sandy soil, the improved material that was confected by crop straw, bentonite and polyacrylamide (PAM) was applied. The effect of straw improved material on saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil was studied using the double rings method of constant waterhead infiltration. The tested soil was the sandy yellow soil that is wildly distributed in Chongqing. The results showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil increased with straw improved materials applying. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil increased gradually with the increasing amount of application. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil which increased at first and then decreased with the cultivated time reached maximum when the soil cultivated time was 60 d; The improved material of wheat straw (dose of 10 g, PAM content of 2%) worked best whose saturated hydraulic conductivity reached maximum (4.97 times as the control) when the soil cultivated time was 60d. Therefore, the modified straw material is able to improve sandy soil, and this research can provide theoretical basis for applying modified straw materials into sandy soil.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Hydraulic conductivity
Controlled terms:Bentonite - Sand - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Chongqing - Double ring - Polyacrylamides - Sandy soils - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Theoretical basis - Water holding capacity - Wheat straws - Yellow soil
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882368Title:Effects of biopreservative combined with modified atmosphere packaging on shelf-life of trichiutus haumela
Authors:Xie, Jing (1); Yang, Shengping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Corresponding author:Xie, J.
      (jxie@shou.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:376-382
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to extend the shelf life of Trichiutus haumela under cold storage, the influences of compound biopreservative and biopreservative combined with modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life of Trichiutus haumela stored at (4±1)°C were studied with air packaged product as controls. The sensory evaluation values, total viable count (TVC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH value, the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and the drip loss of Trichiutus haumela were used to evaluate the fish quality during the cold storage. The results showed that the shelf-life of air packaged product was about 4-5 days; mixing biopreservative (with 1.0% Chitosan and 0.4% Tea Polyphenols) had a significant bacteriostatic activity; and the drip loss with high density CO2 treatment was higher than that with other treatments. The compound biopreservative combined with modified atmosphere packaging with 60% CO2 10%O2 30%N2 had the best fresh-keeping effect that after the Trichiutus haumela storaged at (4±1)°C for 20 days, the values of TVC and TVB-N of Trichiutus haumela were 5.59 lg(cfu/g) and 19.39 mg/100g, respectively, which meant the sample was still at the secondary freshness and the shelf-life could be extended to 20days, which was 4 times longer than that of the blank. These conclusions can provide reference for preservation and extend the shelf life of Trichiutus haumela.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Modified atmosphere packaging
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Cold storage - Food processing - Phenols - Quality control - Refrigerators
Uncontrolled terms:Biopreservative - Modified atmosphere - Shelf-life - Storage - Trichiutus haumela
Classification code:644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 694.1 Packaging, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.061
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882315Title:Cucumber transpiration by large-scale weighing lysimeter in solar greenhouse
Authors:Niu, Yong (1); Liu, Honglu (1); Wu, Wenyong (1); Yang, Shengli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Hydraulic Research Institute, Beijing 100048, China
Corresponding author:Liu, H.
      (liuhonglu@yeah.net)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:52-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A large-scale weighing lysimeter was employed to study cucumber transpiration processes in solar greenhouse in Beijing. Based on the cucumber growing processes, the growing season was divided into three stages: flowering-setting, fruiting and later fruiting with stage transpiration 14.06 mm, 102.85 mm, and 30.84 mm, respectively. The cucumber seasonal transpiration was 147.74 mm and the seasonal average transpiration rate was 1.41 mm/d. The most sensitive factor to transpiration rate was net radiation followed by air relative humidity, pan evaporation, leaf area index (LAI), and air temperature in order. Three empirical models were also proposed for estimation of cucumber transpiration rate in solar greenhouse.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Transpiration
Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Greenhouses - Lysimeters - Scales (weighing instruments) - Soil surveys - Solar heating - Weighing
Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature - Cucumber - Empirical model - Growing process - Growing season - Large-scale weighting lysimeter - Leaf area index - Net radiation - Pan evaporation - Relative humidities  - Solar greenhouse - Three stages - Transpiration rates
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 643.1 Space Heating - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882353Title:Technology evaluation of steam exploded corn stalk anaerobic fermentation
Authors:Li, Gang (1); Li, Dongliang (2); Wang, Xutao (3); Guo, Chao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (2) Technology R and D Center, China Tobacco Chuanyu Industrial Corporation, Chengdu 610066, China; (3) Henan university of urban construction, Pingdingshan 467044, China
Corresponding author:Wang, X.
      (dsands@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:286-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Steam explosion as an effective pretreatment can separate hemi-cellulose, cellulose and lignin from lignocelluloses such as stalk and wood, and enhance yield of production from lignocelluloses with chemical and biological methods. Energy balance of corn stalk steam explosion and anaerobic fermentation were analyzed based on the experiments in the paper. The energy conversion rate of anaerobic fermentation with steam exploded corn stalk increased with the increasing of steam pressure at the same pressure retention time, and the maximums in the same steam pressure were got at the 90 s pressure retention time in each group. The minimum and maximum energy conversion rates of anaerobic fermentation with steam exploded corn stalk were 8.39% and 11.68% at room temperature, which are 1.38 times and 1.92 times than that of the control. But the analysis of incremental benefit-cost ratio showed the expended energy for steam explosion is greater than the increased additional energy output in anaerobic fermentation with steam exploded corn stalk compared with the control. From this point of view, it is not an economic way for steam explosion method.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Cellulose - Cost benefit analysis - Energy conversion - Explosions - Explosives - Fermentation - Lignin - Steam - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Benefit cost ratios - Biological methods - Corn stalk - Energy output - Hemi-cellulose - Pre-Treatment - Retention time - Room temperature - Steam explosion  - Steam pressures - Technology evaluation
Classification code:911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 614 Steam Power Plants - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882361Title:Comparison of spatial prediction method for soil texture
Authors:Zhang, Shiwen (1); Wang, Shengtao (2); Liu, Na (1); Li, Nannan (3); Huang, Yuanfang (1); Ye, Huichun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water, College of Resources and Environment, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China; (2) Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Station, Beijing 100029, China; (3) Yantai Academe of China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Y.
      (yfhuang@china.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:332-339
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soil texture is one of compositional data in the geosciences. Spatial interpolation for soil texture must meet four conditions, which including positive definiteness, a constant sum of interpolated values at a given position, error minimization and unbiased estimation. The study adopted compositional Kriging and ordinary Kriging based on data transformed by asymmetry logratio transformation (ALR) and symmetry logratio transformation (SLR) to predict spatial distribution of each soil particle composition. The precision and fitting effect were assessed by utilizing the root mean squared errors (RMSE) and mean squared deviation ratio (MSDR). The results showed that the interpolation results by compositional Kriging and ordinary Kriging based on data transformed by ALR and SLR could meet the four conditions in spatial interpolation. Values of RMSE for different soil particle composition by compositional Kriging were the least and the precision was the highest. For clay, the relative improvement of accuracy to the reference method ordinary Kriging based on ALR was close to 17%. On the whole, fitting effect by compositional Kriging was better than that by other methods. The ranges were wider for compositional Kriging, and its prediction results could better reflect the relations of different soil particle composition with elevation, soil parent material and water area distribution.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Interpolation
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Metadata - Soils - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Compositional data - Compositional Kriging - Error minimization - Geosciences - Kriging - Logratio transformation - Ordinary kriging - Parent materials - Positive definiteness - Reference method  - Root mean squared errors - Soil particles - Soil texture - Soil textures - Spatial interpolation - Spatial prediction - Unbiased estimation - Water areas
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 933 Solid State Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.054
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20111313882313Title:Effects of drip fertigation uniformity and nitrogen application level on growth, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage
Authors:Li, Jiusheng (1); Yin, Jianfeng (3); Zhang, Hang (1); Li, Yanfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; (2) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research - Beijing, Beijing 100048, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.
      (lijs@iwhr.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:1
Issue date:January 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:36-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The effects of drip fertigation uniformity and nitrogen application level on crop growth, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll meter reading (SPAD), yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were investigated in a solar greenhouse to determine the design and evaluation standard of drip irrigation uniformity. Three Christiansen uniformity coefficients of 0.62, 0.80 and 0.96 and two levels of nitrogen applied at 150 and 300 kg/hm2 were used. The continuous measurements using TDR sensors of Hydra Probe demonstrated an approximately similar variation pattern of soil water content and temperature during the growing season of Chinese cabbage for all the treatments tested. The observed difference of soil bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) for different treatments could mainly attribute to the difference of the initial ECb values. Plant height, dry matter above ground, nitrogen uptake and yield with the drip irrigation system demonstrated a more uniform distribution than those with water and fertilizers applied at fertigation uniformity coefficient equal to or less than 0.80. It was found that the influence of fertigation uniformity on plant height, dry matter above ground, nitrogen uptake and yield was insignificant at a significance level of 0.05. The quality indexes of Chinese cabbage, including vitamin C, total sugar, nitrate and cellulose were also insignificantly affected by fertigation uniformity at the same significance level. Increasing fertigation uniformity might not necessarily result in an increased yield and an improved quality of Chinese cabbage. As no negative influence of fertigation uniformity on crop growth, nitrogen uptake and yield was observed, it is suggested that lower uniformity values of drip irrigation system below those recommended by the current standards can be considered.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Crops - Electric conductivity - Greenhouses - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Soil moisture - Sugars - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Application level - Chinese cabbage - Chlorophyll meter readings - Continuous measurements - Crop growth - Drip irrigation - Drip irrigation systems - Dry matters - Electrical conductivity - Evaluation standard  - Fertigations - Growing season - Negative influence - Nitrogen uptake - Plant height - Quality - Quality indices - Soil water content - Solar greenhouse - TDR sensor  - Uniform distribution - Uniformity coefficient - Variation pattern - Vitamin C - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.01.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.