<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20111713935705Title:Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on dry farming spring corn yield and water use efficiency under different tillage practices
Authors:Dai, Kuai (1); Cai, Dianxiong (1); Zhang, Xiaoming (1); Wang, Yan (1); Zhao, Quansheng (1); Zhang, Dingchen (1); Feng, Zonghui (1); Xie, Xiaohong (1); Wang, Xiaobin (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization in Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 
Corresponding author:Wang, X.
   	  (xbwang@caas.ac.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:74-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A six-year experiment (2003 to 2008) was conducted in Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in Shanxi Province to study the effect of different tillage practices (no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage) with three nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>) fertilizer rates (105, 179 and 210 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>; N:P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>=1:1) on spring corn yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that at the recommended fertilizer rate of 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the average yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were about 5234 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 12.4 kg/(hm<sup>2</sup> &middot mm), respectively, under conventional tillage (CT), and about 5751 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 13.6 kg/(hm<sup>2</sup> &middot mm), respectively, under reduced tillage (RT). The average yield and WUE under RT increased by about 9.9% and 9.7%, respectively, compared to CT. Under no-tillage (NT), the average yield and WUE, at the fertilizer rate of 179 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, were highest, about 5336 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 13.2 kg/(hm<sup>2</sup> &middot mm), respectively, which were about 6.1% and 9.7% higher than those under CT. The NT increased soil water contents, resulting in higher yields in dry years, compared to CT. Among three tillage practices, the average yield and WUE were ranked as RT &gt; NT &gt; CT.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Efficiency - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fixation - Phosphate fertilizers - Phosphorus - Soil moisture - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Average yield - Conventional tillage - Corn yields - Dry farming - Dryland - Dryland farming - Experimental stations - Fertilizer rates - Higher yield - No tillage  - Reduced tillage - Soil water content - Tillage practices - Water use efficiency
Classification code:913.1 Production Engineering - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20111713935724Title:Winter wheat yield estimation model based on information diffusion and remote sensing data at major growth stages
Authors:Zhu, Zaichun (1); Chen, Lianqun (1); Zhang, Jinshui (1); Pan, Yaozhong (1); Zhu, Wenquan (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.
   	  (zhangjsh@bnu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:187-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Developing high accuracy models for crop yield estimation using remote sensing data is of great significance in decision making for national food policy and food security. Information diffusion methodology was introduced to construct yield estimation model with remote sensing data in the paper. Firstly, Remote sensing data at key stages and ground survey data were diffused into multi-dimensional control space and a fuzzy synthetic method was proposed to construct the relationship between remote sensing data and ground survey data. Secondly, cross validation was used to estimate the model's stability and forecasting ability. Finally, the performance of information diffusion yield estimation model was compared with multiple linear regression model and BP neural network model. The results showed that information diffusion yield estimation model could obviously increase the precision and stability of yield prediction. The determination coefficients were increased by 0.180 and 0.491, respectively, while the root mean squared errors were decreased by 173.10 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 487.79 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> compared with the multiple linear regression model and BP neural network model. The proposed yield estimation model can simulate the non-linear relationship between NDVI and winter wheat yield with excellent generalization ability, which is an effective model to estimate crop yield with multi-temporal remote sensing data.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Estimation
Controlled terms:Crops - Decision making - Diffusion - Food supply - Linear regression - Neural networks - Remote sensing - Space optics - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy model - BP neural network model - Crop yield - Cross validation - Determination coefficients - Food security - Forecasting ability - Generalization ability - Ground surveys - Growth stages  - Information diffusion - Multi-dimensional control - Multi-temporal remote sensing - Multiple linear regression models - National Foods - Non-linear relationships - Remote sensing data - Root mean squared errors - Synthetic methods - Winter wheat  - Winter wheat yield estimation - Yield estimation - Yield prediction
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 921 Mathematics - 912.2 Management - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics - 741.1 Light/Optics - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 405.3 Surveying - 404.2 Civil Defense - 731.1 Control Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20111713935753Title:Recognition of artificial ripening tomato and nature mature tomato based on computer vision
Authors:Zhao, Haibo (1); Zhou, Xianghong (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic Technology Appliance, Tongling 244000, AnHui Province, China; (2) Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling 244000, China; (3) No.43 Research Institute, China Electronic Science and Technology Group Company, Hefei 230088, China 
Corresponding author:Zhao, H.
   	  (happyzhaohaibo@126.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:355-359
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Nowadays some vegetable farmers pick unripe tomatoes and treat them with ethylene to quicken ripeness in China. In order to keep artificial ripening tomato which harming consumer's health from entering into melon and fruit market, the hardware structure of artificial ripening tomato recognition system was given. The colour parameters RGB (red, green, blue) of transmitted light of tomatoes were obtained through computer vision device, and the RGB values were converted into HIS (hue, intensity, saturation) values. The multilayer feedforward neural networks with genetic algorithm training realized the automated recognition of artificial ripening tomato. The results of test showed that accurate recognition rate of the system was 91.7%, and the method can provide references for further research on recognition of artificial ripening tomato and nature mature tomato.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Feedforward neural networks
Controlled terms:Computer networks - Computer vision - Ethylene - Fruits - Genetic algorithms - Multilayer neural networks
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial ripening - Automated recognition - Hardware structures - Multilayer feedforward neural networks - Recognition rates - Recognition systems - Transmitted light
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.060
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20111713935716Title:Transmission ratio design of ZL50 Loader based on working condition
Authors:Chang, L&#252; (1); Liu, Yongchen (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China 
Corresponding author:Chang, L.
   	  (changlv7114@163.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:141-145
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to optimize loader transmission ratio, the transmission ratio was redesigned based on using condition. When the loader worked in gear II and III, the left and right axle shaft of the front and rear bridge torque curves, and the steering pump, variable speed pump and the work pump pressure curves were tested and recorded. The probability torque average values were calculated by the probability distribution, then the input and output characteristics were obtained when the engine and the torque converter working together, and the minimum fuel consumption point of the output torque and the corresponding output torque value were found. Maintaining gear I and IV transmission ratio unchanged, in accordance with the principle of the gear II and III probability torque average value was matched with the torque of the lowest fuel consumption point in the working together output characteristics, the loader gear II and III transmission ratio were redesigned, and the values were 2.433 and 1.264 respectively. By simulating, the fuel consumption of the loader working under the new transmission ratio in the loop condition was 13.85 L/&middot h, which decreased 1.33 L/h than the original. The new design can improve the fuel economy.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Torque converters
Controlled terms:Design - Front axles - Fuel economy - Fuels - Loaders - Optimization - Probability distributions - Pumps - Steel metallurgy - Torque
Uncontrolled terms:Average values - Axle shaft - Input and outputs - Loop conditions - New design - Output characteristics - Output torque - Output torque value - Pump pressures - Torque curves  - Transmission ratios - User condition - Variable-speed pumps - Working conditions
Classification code:922.1 Probability Theory - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 618.2 Pumps - 545.3 Steel - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20111713935721Title:Influences of tillage methods on N<inf>2</inf>O emission from winter wheat field in North China Plain
Authors:Huang, Guanghui (1); Zhang, Mingyuan (1); Chen, Fu (1); Zhang, Hailin (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) China Agricultural University;, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China 
Corresponding author:Zhang, H.
   	  (hailin@cau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:167-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To determine the effects of tillage practice on N<inf>2</inf>O emission from winter wheat field and the cause of seasonal emission variation in the emission, a field experiment was carried out at Luancheng Agroecosystem Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Hebei province. The experimental design consisted of conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT) and no tillage (NT) treatments. The N<inf>2</inf>O emissions were measured in the winter wheat growing season with the static close chamber method. The results showed that, during 72 hours after seeding, the N<inf>2</inf>O cumulative emission of CT, RT and NT were 3.83, 10.27 and 10.55 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Under the condition of straw returning, the seasonal cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emission of winter wheat field demonstrated as CT &gt; RT &gt; NT. The N<inf>2</inf>O emission significantly positively correlated with soil temperature at 0-20 cm soil layer under CT and NT treatment, while negative correlation was found between the N<inf>2</inf>O emission and soil air-filled porosity at 0-5 cm soil layer. With a higher C/N ratio in soil treatment, NT was more likely to reduce the emission of N<inf>2</inf>O. Generally, NT would be a better choice to reduce the N<inf>2</inf>O emission effectively in the Northeast Plain.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Emission control - Experiments - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Porosity - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agro ecosystems - C/N ratio - Chinese Academy of Sciences - Conventional tillage - Experimental design - Field experiment - Growing season - Hebei Province - N<inf>2</inf>O - Negative correlation  - No tillage - North China Plain - Seasonal emissions - Soil layer - Soil temperature - Soil treatments - Tillage - Tillage methods - Tillage practices - Water-filled porosity space  - Winter wheat - Winter wheat field
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20111713935737Title:Effects of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on ion compositions of soil solution in solar greenhouse
Authors:Chen, Zhujun (1); Gao, Jiajia (1); Zhao, Wenyan (1); Wang, Chunyang (1); Zhou, Jianbin (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Key Lab. for Agric. Resources and Environ. Remediation in Loess Plateau of Agric. Ministry of China, Yangling 712100, China 
Corresponding author:Chen, Z.
   	  (zjchen@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:261-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An incubation method was used to study the effects of application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers on the electric conductivity (EC) and ion compositions in soil solution under sunlight greenhouse. The EC and concentrations of K<sup> </sup>, Na<sup> </sup>, Ca<sup>2 </sup>, Mg<sup>2 </sup>, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup> ions and mole ratios of K<sup> </sup>/Ca<sup>2 </sup>, K<sup> </sup>/Mg<sup>2 </sup> in soil solution of greenhouse without addition of fertilizer were 2.5, 95.0, 16.6, 1.9, 3.2, 4.0, 31.0 and 39.0 times of that in arable soil, respectively, indicating the serious accumulation and imbalances of ions in greenhouse soil. The application of P and K fertilizers had different effects on ion composition of soil solution. Addition of P fertilizer significantly decreased the EC and concentrations of Ca<sup>2 </sup>, Mg<sup>2 </sup> ions both in arable and greenhouse soils, its effect on concentrations of K<sup> </sup>, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NH<inf>4</inf><sup> </sup>-N ions in the soils was not significant. As the increasing addition of K fertilizer, the EC and concentrations of K<sup> </sup>, Na<sup> </sup>, Ca<sup>2 </sup>, Mg<sup>2 </sup> ions and mole ratios of K<sup> </sup>/Ca<sup>2 </sup>, K<sup> </sup>/Mg<sup>2 </sup> in solutions of arable and greenhouse soils increased. The study indicated that the effects of inadequate application of P and K fertilizer on the over accumulation of salts and cation imbalances deserve further study.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural chemicals - Agriculture - Calcium - Electric conductivity - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Ions - Phosphorus - Potassium fertilizers - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Arable soils - Different effects - Electrical conductivity - Greenhouse soil - Ion composition - Mole ratio - Soil solutions - Solar greenhouse
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 451 Air Pollution
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20111713935696Title:Effects of soybean straw-based water retaining agent on tobacco growth and soil physical properties of tobacco field in Nanyang
Authors:Zuo, Guangling (1); Ye, Hongyong (1); Du, Chaojun (1); Xie, Yingnan (1); Li, Rulin (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Biochemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China 
Corresponding author:Zuo, G.
   	  (zuoguangling2010@yahoo.com.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:15-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to promote the application and promotion of soybean straw-based water retaining agent (WRA) in agriculture, effects of WRA rate on soil physical properties and tobacco growth were studied by the field experiment in dry area of Nanyang, Henan province. The results showed that water loss was reduced by WRA obviously with its application amount, and the WRA improved soil physical properties, increased the porosity in soil and decreased soil bulk density. WRA application enhanced the total soil porosity, especially non-capillary porosity, and consequently improved the soil aeration condition. However, excessive application of WRA reduced non-capillary porosity, leading to soil compaction. Furthermore, the application of WRA decreased transpiration rate of tobacco, improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency, and strengthened drought resistance of tobacco. It also enhanced the plant height, stem thickness and maximum leaf area of tobacco, and improved the tobacco quality. The average moisture content of soil, total soil porosity, yield and the proportion of superior tobacco increased by 3.1%, 6.8%, 18.4% and 6.8% respectively when the suitable application rate of WRA was 240 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Plants (botany) - Porosity - Soil mechanics - Tobacco - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Application rates - Capillary porosity - Drought resistance - Dry areas - Field experiment - Henan Province - Leaf area - Moisture contents - Photosynthetic characteristics - Plant height  - Soil aeration - Soil bulk density - Soil compaction - Soil physical property - Soil Porosity - Soybean straw - Transpiration rates - Water loss - Water retaining agent - Water use efficiency  - Water-retaining agents - Yellow brown soil
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20111713935754Title:Development and test of nutrient solution disinfection machine by combining UV with ozone
Authors:Song, Weitang (1); Wang, Cheng (2); Hou, Wenlong (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 
Corresponding author:Song, W.
   	  (songchali@cau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:360-365
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to make full use of superiority of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ozone (O3), to disinfect nutrient solution in a closed soilless cultivation system, a kind of ultraviolet-ozone combined-type nutrient disinfection machine was designed, tested and inspected. Prototype mainly included a UV sterilizer, four Venturi jet devices, an ozone generator, a self-suction pump, a ABS piping and automatic control equipment, etc. In operation, the collected nutrient solution after irrigation was pumped firstly through the connected parallel Venturi throat and mixed with ozone which produced by ozone generator to inhibit microbial pathogens by oxidation. Then it passed through the ultraviolet disinfector where UV light radiation killed the pathogens further. The disinfection rate could be increased compared with UV or O3 alone. A commercial prototype was manufactured and its performance was tested by disinfecting nutrient solution from tomato hydroponics, which was used for over 180 days continuously. The main pathogens such as bacteria and fungi in the nutrient solution were sterilized by UV, O<inf>3</inf> and UV O<inf>3</inf> separately, and disinfection rates were detected. The total disinfection rates of three methods were 70.6%, 15.9% and 89.9%, respectively. It was inferred that the method of ultraviolet-ozone combined-type nutrient disinfection can reach better sterilization effects than single ones, and can improve disinfection efficiency greatly with a synergy effect.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Disinfection
Controlled terms:Automation - Control - Control equipment - Experiments - Nutrients - Ozone - Sterilization (cleaning) - Ultraviolet radiation
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic control equipment - Combining UV with ozone - Disinfection efficiency - Jet devices - Microbial pathogens - Nutrient solution - Ozone generator - Soil-less cultivation - Synergy effect - Ultraviolet-ozone  - UV light - Venturi
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 741.1 Light/Optics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 732 Control Devices - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 462.1 Biomedical Equipment, General - 462 Biomedical Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.061
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20111713935712Title:Power consumption testing method of high stubble buried device in paddy field
Authors:Wang, Zhishan (1); Xia, Junfang (1); Xu, Qichuan (1); Hu, Runwen (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
Corresponding author:Xia, J.
   	  (xjf@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:119-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to detect real-time power consumption of high stubble buried device in paddy field based on virtual instrument and principles of phase difference, power consumption testing system of high stubble buried device in paddy field was developed. By using the correlation method, FFT method and zero-crossing method of data processing methods to compile program, then the system was calibrated on the experiment bench. The results showed that the system based on the correlation method had the best accuracy, stability and linearity, and its error was lower than 4.5%. It can meet the requirement of agricultural machine field experiment.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Data handling - Experiments - Instrument testing - Power control
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural machine - Data processing methods - Field experiment - LabVIEW - Paddy fields - Phase difference - Power Consumption - System-based - Testing method - Testing systems  - Virtual instrument - Zero crossing methods
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20111713935727Title:Development of high-precision temperature and humidity testing cabinet and its measure and control system
Authors:Wang, Qingzhu (1); Chen, Panfeng (1); Ma, Yuquan (1); Lin, Hongju (1); Cui, Lina (1); Liu, Haitao (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electromechanical Engineering, Hebei normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (2) Hebei Vocational and Technical College of Building Materials, Qinhuangdao 066004, China 
Corresponding author:Wang, Q.
   	  (wqzh1010@126.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:203-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional temperature and humidity testing cabinet, such as high price, low technical indicators, single measurement and control parameter, and so on, the temperature and humidity testing equipment with high reliability, moderate cost, high degree of automation was developed. The constant humidity system of the cabinet used inside and outside double-loop structure, and the constant temperature system used two-time constant temperature technique and sectional measurement scheme. Using the methods such as expert PID control strategy, hardware double protection and software compensation, it realized accurate measurement and control of temperature and humidity, and high performance/cost ratio. The system can be widely applied to the fields of scientific research of meteorological, verification of temperature and humidity, breeding industry and other applications due to its flexibility and modularity.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Humidity control
Controlled terms:Control theory - Low temperature testing - Temperature control - Three term control systems
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate measurement - Constant temperature - Degree of automation - Double-loop - Expert PID - High price - High reliability - High-precision - Measurement and control - Other applications  - Performance/cost ratio - PID control - Scientific researches - Software compensation - Technical indicator - Testing equipment - Time constants
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 644 Refrigeration and Cryogenics - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20111713935708Title:Agricultural non-point source pollution load intensity of the paddy field in different water and fertilization conditions
Authors:Li, Qiangkun (1); Hu, Yawei (1); Sun, Juan (1); Li, Huaien (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of the Yellow River Sediment of Ministry of Water Resource, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (3) Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China 
Corresponding author:Li, Q.
   	  (liqiangk@126.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:96-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to reveal the influence of water and fertilization on load intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution in field, based on the estimation model of agricultural non-point source pollution in the field and experimental data, the load intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution in different water and fertilization in paddy field was calculated. The results showed that there was a positive exponential correlation between the irrigation amount and load intensity, and there was a positive correlation between the fertilization and load intensity. Secondly, the load intensity had obvious difference in different fertilization modes even with same fertilization level. Compared with other related research results and the present irrigation and fertilization condition in China, the agricultural non-point source pollution effects of the different irrigation and fertilization process in field were discussed. It was concluded that the irrigation and fertilization process in field had obvious influence on agricultural non-point source pollution, so taking the control measures to reduce the pollution was important, such as saving irrigation, scientific fertilization and reasonable adjust process of irrigation and fertilization in field etc.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Pollution control
Controlled terms:Fertilizers - Irrigation
Uncontrolled terms:Control measures - Estimation models - Experimental data - Exponential correlation - Fertilization modes - In-field - Influence of water - Load intensity - Non-point source pollution - Paddy fields  - Positive correlations - Research results
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20111713935747Title:Spatio-temporal feature of land use/land cover dynamic changes in China from 1999 to 2009
Authors:Li, Zhihua (1); Gao, Zhiqiang (2); Gao, Wei (3); Shi, Runhe (1); Liu, Chaoshun (4) 
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science for Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (2) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (3) Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; (4) Joint Laboratory for Environmental Remote Sensing and Data Assimilation, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China 
Corresponding author:Li, Z.
   	  (zhliok@139.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:312-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Using the long term NDVI time series derived from SPOT VGT, the spatio-temporal feature of land use/land cover (LUCC) dynamic changes from 1999 to 2009 was investigated. First, the BISE model was improved to become a new pre-processing method for VGT time series processing. Second, a new classification model which can be named as SAM-MDM was reconstructed with SAM and MDM based on the phenological characteristics of annual NDVI time series; and then LUCC maps were retrieved from annual NDVI time series, and the post-classification recoding was performed on them. The classification accuracy was improved obviously and met the requirement of the trend analysis of land use/land cover changes (LUCC). Third, applying the model of LUCC dynamic change rate, the analysis was performed on the spatio-temporal feature of LUCC. Finally, applying the principles of Markov process, a model of LUCC class transition was constructed, and it was used to perform prediction for dynamic changes of LUCC in the next 20 years. These results indicate some conclusions: 1) the cropland, water body and grassland reduced continuously in the past decade; 2) the built-up area, bare land and woodland increased continuously; 3) there are different patterns of the spatio-temporal feature of LUCC for different land covers in different areas in china, including the south east, the north east, the north west and the south west; 4) the transition probability of LUCC which was discovered in the past decade should be continued in the next 20 years; 5) these results can provide information for regional socio-economic development decisions.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Dynamic models
Controlled terms:Economics - Markov processes - Probability - Processing - Time series - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Bare lands - Built-up areas - Classification accuracy - Classification models - Dynamic changes - Land cover - Land use/land cover - Land use/land cover change - Long term - NDVI time series  - Post classification - Pre-processing method - Recoding - SAM-MDM - Socio-economic development - Spatio-temporal - SPOT VGT - Transition probabilities - Transition probability matrix - Trend analysis  - Waterbodies
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 913.4 Manufacturing - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.054
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20111713935733Title:Heat transfer effect of cylinder ektexine on air temperature in greenhouse
Authors:Li, Tianlai (1); Han, Yadong (1); Liu, Xuefeng (2); Luo, Xinlan (1); Xu, Hui (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Protected Horticulture Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110161, China; (2) Institute of Agriculture of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China 
Corresponding author:Han, Y.
   	  (yadonghan@126.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:237-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the heat transfer principle, the heat transfer between cylinder ektexine of hot-blast stove and the air was simulated for understanding the heat distribution principle during hot-blast stove heating process in greenhouse. It showed that the cylinder ektexine temperature was decreasing along with the distance to the hot-blast stove. The heat exchanged by nature convection between cylinder ektexine and air was equivalent to that from the holes on plastic cylinder. The more holes on plastic cylinder, the greater the heat exchange to the air in greenhouse. The location of hot-blast stove had a big influence on the air temperature. The air temperature of the side which was near the hot-blast stove was higher obviously than that in the other side. At night-time, air temperature at upside was higher than that at bottom in the same section, and air temperature at the south side was higher than that at the north under 1m. But for above 1 m, it was adverse. The research is expected to provide some references for reasonable installation and disposition of the hot-blast stove.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Cylinders (shapes)
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Heat transfer
Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature - Cylinder ektexine - Heat distribution - Heat exchange - Heat transfer effects - Heating process - Nature convection
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.2 Heat Transfer
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20111713935755Title:Determination of reducing power of honey by electrochemical sensor
Authors:Tang, Mingjie (1); Cai, Jianrong (1); Wu, Xiaojuan (1); L&#252;, Qiang (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) School of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China 
Corresponding author:Cai, J.
   	  (jrcai@ujs.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:366-369
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize rapid detection of reducing power of the antioxidants in the honey, the new approach was proposed to predict reducing power of three kinds of different nectariferous honey by electrochemical sensor in this work. Twelve features were extracted from electrochemical signal using cyclic voltammetry and preprocessed by normalization. Partial least square (PLS) model was employed to discriminate reducing power of honey. Experimental results indicated that the optimal model was achieved with r=0.9425 and RMSECV=0.0433 in calibration set; and r=0.9392 and RMSEP=0.0417 in prediction set. This work shows that electrochemical sensor combined with PLS has a significant potential in detection of reducing power of honey.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Electrochemical sensors
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Cyclic voltammetry - Food products - Principal component analysis - Sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Electrochemical signals - Honey - New approaches - Optimal model - Partial least square - Partial least squares - Rapid detection - Reducing power
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 801.4.1 Electrochemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.062
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20111713935722Title:Design and experiment of wireless sensor networks for paddyfield moisture monitoring
Authors:Xiao, Deqin (1); Gu, Zhichun (1); Feng, Jianzhao (1); Xiao, Kehui (1); Luo, Xiwen (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 
Corresponding author:Luo, X.
   	  (xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:174-179
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Wireless sensor network technology provides a new measure for moisture information collection in large-scale paddyfield. In this study, the key technology of constructing the paddy moisture sensor network (PMSN) was investigated based on the wireless moisture-content and water-layer sensor (WFDMS). Several key technical issues in building PMSN were solved and a large-scale remote topology management program was constructed. A low power loss transfer protocol for PMSN (LPTP-PMSN) was proposed. Finally, a network information management system was developed to monitor and analyze the moisture information. Experiments results showed that the reliable communication range among the senor nodes was up to 60 m. Supported by the 3.6-volt 2100 mAh batteries, under the control of the transfer protocol LPTP-PMSN, the sensors, cluster head, base stations, SMS gateway and computer worked collaboratively and the whole paddy moisture sensor networks could work together reliably. The node lifetime can be over 190 d under the sampling intervals of 4 h. This research can provide a reference for monitoring other fields sensitive information based on wireless transmission networks.
Number of references:8
Main heading:Wireless sensor networks
Controlled terms:Experiments - Gateways (computer networks) - Information management - Moisture control - Moisture meters - Monitoring - Network management - Sensor nodes - Sensors - Telecommunication systems  - Water content - Wireless networks
Uncontrolled terms:Cluster head - In-buildings - Information collections - Key technologies - Low power loss - Moisture monitoring - Moisture sensors - Network information - Node lifetime - Paddyfield moisture  - Reliable communication - Sampling interval - Sensitive informations - Sms gateways - Topology management - Transfer protocol - Wireless sensor - Wireless transmissions
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 901.3 Engineering Research - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 732 Control Devices - 444 Water Resources - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 717 Optical Communication - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20111713935706Title:Effect of spring wheat stubble treatments on grain yield and water use efficiency of multiple cropping rape
Authors:Yin, Hui (1); Zhang, Enhe (2); Wang, Qi (1); Liu, Qinglin (2); Liu, Chaowei (2); Wang, Tiantao (2); Yu, Hualin (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (2) Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (3) Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 
Corresponding author:Zhang, E.
   	  (zhangeh@gsau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:83-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to reduce stubble burning, to control burning pollution and to increase usage of stubble remaining after harvest, a study was conducted to determine effects of different spring wheat stubble treatments on grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of multiple cropping rape from July to October in 2009. Three kind of treatments were standing stubble removed by burning, standing stubble with no-tillage, and tilled plots (conservational tillage), respectively. The results showed that the farmers can get a profit of 3275 RMB/hm<sup>2</sup> as planting rape in standing stubble treatment with no-tillage, compared with leaving land fallow. Grain yields with different treatments, standing stubble removed by burning, conservational tillage and standing stubble with no-tillage were 1549, 1331 and 1222 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, while WUE were 5.73, 3.81 and 5.71 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>/mm, and profits were 4485, 2929 and 3275 RMB/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The treatment of rape planting in standing stubble removed by burning has the highest grain yield, WUE and profit among all treatments, and farmers can gain the maximum benefit, but the treatment was not good for environmental protection. Although the treatment of conservational tillage had a higher grain yield than the treatment of standing stubble with no-tillage, but it had a lower WUE and profit. The treatment of standing stubble with no-tillage could get a relatively high WUE and profit, and had benefits for environmental protection and for agricultural farming in arid and semiarid areas, so it is worth trial on a wider scale. Based on research results, the proper technique and optional planting parameters were proposed for mechanized multiple cropping rape on standing stubble field with no-tillage in oasis irrigation area of Shiyanghe River Basin, Northwestern China.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Efficiency - Environmental protection - Grain (agricultural product) - Profitability - Sustainable development - Water pollution control - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Grain yield - Multiple cropping rape - No-tillage - Stubble - Water use efficiency
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20111713935719Title:Influence of scanning interval on microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of 45 Steel by laser melting
Authors:Sun, Hao (1); Ling, Gang (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Gao, Xiaoli (1); Yao, Guocai (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 
Corresponding author:Ling, G.
   	  (mstl88@gmail.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:156-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A variety of the multi-stripe and equal-interval laser melting treatments on the surface of 45 Steel samples were obtained using HLD1001.5 solid-state laser for studying the influence of scanning interval on the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of 45 Steel by laser melting. The microstructure and properties of the samples were studied by SEM, Rockwell hardness tester and wear tester. The results showed that the hardened layer by laser melting was composed of melted zone, phase transformation zone and heat affected zone. The hardened layer was a martensite microstructure. The Rockwell hardness distribution was composed of left high value zone, left transitional zone, low value zone, right transitional hardness zone and right high value zone. The hardness at high value zone and low value zone was 58.1-59.6 HRC and 16 HRC respectively. Under the conditions of the experiment, the samples with the treatment of 4.5 mm scanning interval featured the best abrasive wear resistance.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Wear resistance
Controlled terms:Abrasion - Abrasives - Hardening - Hardness - Lasers - Melting - Microstructure - Scanning
Uncontrolled terms:45 steel - Abrasive wear resistance - Hardened layers - Harding - Laser melting - Microstructure and properties - Phase transformation - Rockwell hardness - Rockwell hardness tester - SEM  - Wear tester
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 744.1 Lasers, General - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 951 Materials Science - 606.1 Abrasive Materials - 531.1 Metallurgy - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20111713935720Title:Finite element simulation of sugarcane cutting
Authors:Huang, Handong (1); Wang, Yuxing (1); Tang, Yanqin (1); Zhao, Feng (1); Kong, Xiangfa (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China 
Corresponding author:Wang, Y.
   	  (scau.wyx@tom.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:161-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the performance of the sugarcane cutting tool, the effect of different tool angles and cutting speeds on cutting force and broken rate should be studied. The simulation of the sugarcane cutting process based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA was carried out in this paper. Different finite element models consisting of different tool angles and cutting speeds were built. The MAT_WOOD material model and contact erosion arithmetic provided by LS-DYNA were used in the numerical analysis. Simulation result showed that the effect of cutting speed on cutting force energy consumption and max stress of the tool was significant; and the effect of different tool angles on cutting force was significant, and the minimum cutting force was gained when the tool angle was zero. The slower the cutting speed was, the smaller cutting force was as the cutting speed range form 0.5 to 0.9 m/s. The comparison between the experiment result and simulation result showed that effect of different speeds on the cutting force had the same trend. Relative error of the maximum cutting force was less than 20%. The finite element simulation of the sugarcane cutting can reduce the cost and time consumption of the experiment and provide reference for the design of prototype.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Cutting
Controlled terms:Computational methods - Computer simulation - Cutting tools - Energy utilization - Equipment - Erosion - Experiments - Finite element method - Harvesters - Speed  - Sugar cane - Sugars
Uncontrolled terms:ANSYS - Contact erosion - Cutting forces - Cutting process - Cutting speed - Different speed - Energy consumption - Finite element models - Finite element simulations - LS-DYNA  - Maximum cutting force - Relative errors - Simulation result - Time consumption - Tool angle - Wood materials
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901 Engineering Profession - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 723.5 Computer Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20111713935744Title:Heat transfer characteristics of warming methane fermentation liquid heating device in alpine region
Authors:Liu, Jianyu (1); Fan, Meiting (1); Liu, Ke (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 
Corresponding author:Liu, J.
   	  (liujy@neau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:298-301
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to ensure the required stable temperature of methane anaerobic fermentation in the northern alpine regions, taking many factors such as the cost of biogas production and energy balance into account, this paper proposed a new heating and warming model. The model took biogas produced by its own system as fuel and took gas hot water boiler as heat source. Fermentation liquid was heated when flowing through the water-fermented liquid heat exchanger. With Wilson Graphic method, the paper studied the heat transfer characteristics of water-fermented liquid in immerse coil heat exchanger and got variation of several parameters, such as surface coefficient of heat transfer of water in heat exchanger and fermented liquid in pipe. The results can provide theoretical references for structural design of immerse coil heat exchanger of heat fermentation liquid.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Heat exchangers
Controlled terms:Biogas - Fermentation - Graphic methods - Heating - Liquids - Methane - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Alpine regions - Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production - Heat sources - Heat transfer characteristics - Heating devices - Hot water boilers - Immerse coil heat exchanger - In-pipe - Methane fermentation
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 643.1 Space Heating - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 522 Gas Fuels - 408.1 Structural Design, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.051
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20111713935717Title:Relationship between cone index and shear strength of remolded clayey soil
Authors:Feng, Xiaobin (1); Ding, Qishuo (1); Ding, Weimin (1); Ji, Changying (1); Wang, Di (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China 
Corresponding author:Ding, Q.
   	  (qsding@njau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:146-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to acquire the cone index (CI) and shear strength (SS) of the remolded soil, quantification of the adhesion and traction performance of wheeled vehicle and its trafficability on clayey soil were conducted by remolding the soil with non-standard proctor compaction and performing micro-penetration and shearing tests. A threshold value of soil moisture content, 23% by mass, was found to change the trend of CI and SS with variety of soil water content. Below this threshold value, both CI and SS were found to follow a 2nd order polynomial trend with variety of water content increase, while higher above this value, the correlation between CI and soil moisture content or SS and soil moisture content vanished. Another notable result was an overall linear correlation between CI and SS of the remolded soil when its water content was lower than the threshold value.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Water content
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Elasticity - Moisture determination - Shear strength - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Traction (friction)
Uncontrolled terms:Clayey soils - Cone index - Linear correlation - Order polynomials - Remolded soils - Shearing tests - Soil moisture content - Soil water content - Standard Proctor compaction - Traction performance  - Trafficability - Wheeled vehicles
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 801 Chemistry - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 951 Materials Science - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20111713935711Title:Design and experiment of sweet and waxy corn husker
Authors:Zhao, Yuqiang (1); He, Xiaopeng (1); Shi, Jianfang (1); Liu, Qing (1); Shao, Guang (1); Xie, Qizhen (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China 
Corresponding author:He, X.
   	  (hexiaopengde@vip.sina.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:114-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to solve the husking problem in China, a fresh corn husker was developed based on advanced corn husking technology overseas. The corn husker has a pair of rollers running oppositely. Firstly the rollers rubbed the corn bracts partially depending on the friction between them when working, and then the pair of rollers clamped the corn bracts and peeled off the bracts. The characteristics of the equipment are low damage rate (&le5%), high husking rate (&ge;90%) and good husking quality for processing fresh tender sweet corn with the moisture content ranging from 58% to 73%. The equipment can solve the husking problem during the course of sweet corn deep processing, such as high damage rate, low husking rate and so on. The test results show that it can work well for high moisture sweet corn husking.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Product design
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Equipment - Experiments - Moisture - Rollers (machine components)
Uncontrolled terms:Damage rate - Deep processing - High moisture - Husking - Low damages - Moisture contents - Sweet corn - Sweet corns - Test results - Waxy corn
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901 Engineering Profession - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20111713935725Title:Visual navigation control for agricultural robot using serial BP neural network
Authors:Tang, Jinglei (1); Jing, Xu (1); He, Dongjian (2); Feng, David (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Information Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia 
Corresponding author:He, D.
   	  (hdj168@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:194-198
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A visual navigation system for agricultural robot was developed to navigate the robot moving autonomously through field visions. To do this, it was necessary to use those sufficient and effective navigation parameters. Previews and feedback parameters were used in a visual control system to navigate by agricultural robot. The current ROI window was divided into an upper and lower path region to obtain the previewing and current navigation information. Based on the previewing, current and previous cycle navigation parameters, a serial BP neural network was trained to adjust the link weight coefficients and the threshold of each neuron, to ensure a perfect output of navigation parameters. The visual control system was validated using a serial BP neural network and satisfactory steering control results were obtained. Maximum feedback deviation of abscissa position between the actual and ideal target path was -0.069 m and the maximum previewing deviation of abscissa position was -0.043 m. Maximum angular feedback deviation was -3.5&deg;, and maximum angular previewing deviation was -2&deg;. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could obtain high accuracy navigation parameters.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Neural networks
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Computer vision - Control systems - Navigation - Navigation systems - Roads and streets - Robots
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural robot - BP neural networks - Feedback parameters - Link weights - Machine vision - Navigation in formation - Navigation parameters - Region of interest - Road tracking - Steering control  - Visual control - Visual navigation
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 434.4 Waterway Navigation - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20111713935758Title:Coupled hot air and microwave drying technology for carrot slices dehydration
Authors:Zhou, Yun (1); Song, Chunfang (1); Cui, Zhengwei (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China 
Corresponding author:Cui, Z.
   	  (cuizhengwei.sytu@yahoo.com.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:382-386
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The feasibility and advantage of coupled hot air and microwave drying technology were studied. Drying of carrot slices was conducted by using coupled hot air and microwave drying with different hot air temperatures (50-80&deg;C) and microwave power densities (1.5-4.5 W/g), and effects of these two factors on the coupled drying were also discussed. Hot air velocity, hot air temperature and microwave power density were chosen as three factors for orthogonal experiment. The experimental results showed that, microwave power density had the most important effect and hot air temperature followed, and the hot air velocity had the least effect on them. The coupled drying method was also compared with hot air drying and microwave drying. It is a potential drying method which will be widely applied to drying of food and agricultural products in the future.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Atmospheric temperature - Curing - Food preservatives - Microwave generation - Microwave heating - Microwave power transmission - Radio waves
Uncontrolled terms:Carrot slice - Coupled hot air and microwave drying - Drying methods - Drying of foods - Hot air - Hot air drying - Hot air temperature - Microwave drying - Microwave power density - Orthogonal experiment
Classification code:815.1 Polymeric Materials - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 642.1 Process Heating - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 711 Electromagnetic Waves
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.065
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20111713935734Title:Effects of zeolite addition on ammonia volatilization in chicken manure composting
Authors:Luo, Yiming (1); Wei, Zongqiang (1); Sun, Qinping (1); Li, Jijin (1); Zou, Guoyuan (1); Liu, Bensheng (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Plant Nutrition and Natural Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (2) College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (3) College of Resource and Environmental Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China 
Corresponding author:Li, J.
   	  (lijijin65@yahoo.com.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:243-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An outdoor pilot scale experiment of high-temperature composting using chicken manure and corn straw as composting materials was carried out to study the effects of zeolite on ammonia volatilization reduction. The results indicated that a certain amount of zeolite addition in composting decreased the ammonia volatilization compared to the control treatment, especially in the first two weeks. In the early 12 days, the total ammonia emissions decreased 44.2% compared with the control, and totally there was 26.9% reduction in 7 weeks. It was supposed that zeolite decreased the ammonia volatilization in composting mainly by the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen. The temperature and electric conductivity dynamic showed that zeolite as an additive in chicken manure composting can also improve the quality of compost.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Ammonia - Ammonium compounds - Animals - Composting - Electric conductivity - Fertilizers
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia emissions - Ammonia volatilization - Ammonium nitrogen - Chicken manure - Corn straws - High temperature - Pilot-scale experiments - Volatilization
Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822 Food Technology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20111713935756Title:Solution of data collection of swine slaughter based on ultrahigh frequency RFID
Authors:Luo, Qingyao (1); Xiong, Benhai (1); Yang, Liang (1); Lin, Zhaohui (3); Pan, Jiayi (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China; (3) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Tianjin 300210, China 
Corresponding author:Xiong, B.
   	  (Bhxiong@iascaas.net.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:370-375
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Referring to the difficulties of automatic information collection at pig slaughterhouses with production lines and poor environments, the radio frequency identification (RFID) tag for pork carcass was designed and an online reading and writing system for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID tag was developed, which is able to identify RFID carcass tag automatically on the slaughter line, based on the UHF RFID technologies (902 MHz RFID and relevant UHF antenna system) and Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Basic 6.0. Through identification and the auto-correlation of pig ear tag and RFID carcass tag in the intranet traceability recording system at the slaughter factory, the study could not only collect, transmit and deal swine slaughter identification in the key traceability links, but also convert from RFID tag to 1-dimensional bar code and print a set of commercial cutting meat tags based on RFID carcass tag in the sale store. The system has been applied for demonstration in Tianjin pork quality traceability system at 99.9% correct rate for reading RFID tag with up to ten thousand pigs and explored a possibility for application of RFID technology in pork quality traceability system on both technology and application links.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Bar codes - Cryptography - Mammals - Meats - Quality control - Radio navigation - Radio waves - Retail stores
Uncontrolled terms:Identification - Radio frequencies - Slaughter - Swine - Traceability
Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 822.3 Food Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 718 Telephone Systems and Related Technologies; Line Communications - 717 Optical Communication - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 402.2 Public Buildings
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.063
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20111713935699Title:Variation shape factor of surface water under border irrigation
Authors:Nie, Weibo (1); Fei, Liangjun (1); Ma, Xiaoyi (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China 
Corresponding author:Nie, W.
   	  (nwbo2000@163.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:33-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on the principle of water volume balance and kinematic-wave (KW) model, those models are disposed with dimensionless, which to improve simulation accuracy of water movement process with water volume balance model. The changes of surface shape factor were studied and it could be computed with empirical formula which was proposed in this paper. Research results showed that the surface shape factor was not a constant value, but a variable value with the change of irrigation time, water advance distance and other factors. The validity of the proposed method was verified by some research materials, the results showed that the precision of the model could be improved when the variation of surface shape factor was considered using volume balance model and the empirical formula proposed. The model was applied to estimate water surface shape factor for forder irrigation was reliable.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Experiments - Irrigation - Kinematics - Surface waters - Surfaces
Uncontrolled terms:Border irrigation - Empirical formulas - Research results - Shape factor - Simulation accuracy - Subsurface shape factor - Surface shape - Surface shape factor - Volume balance model - Water movements  - Water surface - Water volumes
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.1 Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20111713935752Title:Weight grading of freshwater fish based on computer vision
Authors:Zhang, Zhiqiang (1); Niu, Zhiyou (1); Zhao, Siming (2); Yu, Jiajia (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (2) College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
Corresponding author:Niu, Z.
   	  (nzhy@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:350-354
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to facilitate the subsequent processing, it is necessary to develop a grading system for weight classification of freshwater fish automatically. In this study, 86 freshwater fish were collected as the test samples. With taking the image of each fish by the machine vision, and through the image processes: gray, binary conversion and contour extraction, the axis and the projected area of the crucian were extracted. By experiment, the proportional relations of the length with the weight of the head, the belly and the tail were found out, which were used to correct the projected area. Finally the prediction model was extracted by the regression analysis. The experiments showed that the weight of the fish was highly correlated with the projected area, the R<sup>2</sup> was 0.9878; and the forecast model was verified. The mean relative error was 3.89% and the mean absolute error was 6.81 g. Results show that the computer vision can be used to grade the freshwater fish.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Fish
Controlled terms:Computer vision - Experiments - Imaging systems - Mathematical models - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Binary conversion - Classification - Contour Extraction - FORECAST model - Freshwater fish - Freshwater fishes - Grading system - Highly-correlated - Image process - Machine vision  - Mean absolute error - Mean relative error - Non-destruction examination - Prediction model - Projected area - Proportional relation - Test samples - Weight
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 746 Imaging Techniques - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 741.2 Vision
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.059
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20111713935714Title:Control system of intelligentized tobacco topping and sucker controlling machine
Authors:Ma, Min (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (1); Song, Tao (1); Geng, Aijun (1); Mu, Hanzong (1); Cao, Shengzhu (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (2) Station of Agricultural Machinery in Xinyan Town of Yanzhou City, Yanzhou 272100, China 
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.
   	  (zhangxh@sdau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:129-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize topping and restrain-germinating simultaneously and precise profiling of tobacco height, an intelligentized tobacco topping and sucker controlling machine was developed to improve the situation of manual topping and bud inhibition and the technology of tobacco topping that non-discretionary implementation. Fifteen infrared photoelectric sensors in the system were used for profiling of tobacco height. Microcontroller unit was used for controlling rotation direction and rotation angle of stepping motor for lifting or dipping the tool carriage, so the tobacco were topped at the appropriate height. Suckercide spraying system contained an infrared photoelectric sensor that was used for detecting the tobacco. The system sprayed suckercide solution at least 15 mL to tobacco when the sensor detected the tobacco, otherwise, it wouldn't work. The experimental results indicated that discriminating precision of tobacco height identification system came up to 98%, and suckercide spraying control system could spray more than 15 mL suckercide to each tobacco. The control system can control tobacco topping height accurately and spray suckercide precisely in time.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Tobacco
Controlled terms:Control theory - Controllers - Photoelectricity - Rotation - Sensors - Solenoid valves - Solenoids - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Identification systems - Infrared photoelectric sensor - Microcontroller unit - Photoelectric sensors - Rotation angles - Spraying system
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 801 Chemistry - 741.1 Light/Optics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 705.3 Electric Motors - 704.1 Electric Components - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 601.1 Mechanical Devices
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20111713935732Title:Assessing the climate risk degree of wheat-corn double cropping system based on date processing and images
Authors:Lai, Chunjia (1); Qian, Huaisui (1); Duan, Hailai (1); Song, Qiuhong (1); Yu, Fen (1); Zhang, Jingfen (1); Zhang, Yixiu (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China 
Corresponding author:Qian, H.
   	  (hsqian@sohu.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:230-236
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:On the basis of ecological theory of niche-fitness and fuzzy mathematics methods, the climate suitability model was established. With comprehensive crops climate suitability and the probability distribution, the risk model was established. On the above basis, the dynamic risk analysis and evaluation were made for the wheat-rice cropping system. At the same time, combined the IPCC A2 climate circumstances, the climate risk was simulated for the wheat-rice cropping system in the Huaihe River Basin in the following 30 a. The results showed that the risk index varied from 0.15 to 0.50. The main reason was that the precipitation suitability was low, and the standard deviation was big. So the main method to avoid the risk was to improve the water control and adjust the system. The special distribution of climate risk index mainly increased from the east coastal area to the west mountain areas, the reasons were the precipitation decrease from the east to the west and the inland climate factors varied more frequently. In the last 45 years, climate risks index increased for the rice-wheat double cropping system, with main reason that the sunshine strength increased sharply. The highest climate risk trend was in the southwest areas, and decreased in the east and the north areas. In the future climate circumstances, climate risk index (from 0 to 0.02) will have apparent decrease for the rice-wheat double cropping system.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Climate models
Controlled terms:Climate change - Coastal zones - Dynamic analysis - Landforms - Probability distributions - Risk analysis - Risk assessment - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and evaluation - Climate factors - Climate suitability - Coastal area - Cropping systems - Double cropping - Ecological theory - Future climate - Fuzzy mathematics - Huaihe river  - Huaihe watershed - Risk degree - Risk indices - Risk model - Risk trends - Standard deviation - Water control
Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 921 Mathematics - 914 Safety Engineering - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 481.1 Geology - 451 Air Pollution - 444.1 Surface Water - 443 Meteorology - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20111713935735Title:Performance of shrimp recirculating aquaculture system with copper polluted water
Authors:Cheng, Bo (1); Liu, Ying (1); Yang, Hongsheng (1); Gao, Xiyan (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China; (3) Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 
Corresponding author:Liu, Y.
   	  (yinliu@qdio.ac.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:248-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The disease outbreaks, environmental degradation and poor management practice are the major problems to the shrimp aquaculture industry in recent years. With the developing of engineering, aeration and the high quality of artificial feeds, shrimp culture in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) becomes an environmentally and economically sustainable method to solve those problems. But the copper pollution has been a big problem in the coasts of China as a result of the developing of industry, and the shrimp cultures also use copper sulfate frequently to eradicate algae during Litopenaeus vannamei culturing. An experiment was conducted for intensive culture of shrimp (L. vannamei) in RAS for a period of three months to concentrate on the performance of the biofilter and the food safety under the copper polluted water (0.3 mg/L). The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the removal rate on COD, NH<inf>4</inf>-N and NO<inf>2</inf>-N and the number of heterotrophic bacteria, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm as the Cu<sup>2 </sup> concentration decreased to (0.089 &plusmn; 0.012) mg/L at the harvest. No significant difference was found between treatments concerning the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the mortality rate and the yield. The accumulated concentration of Cu<sup>2 </sup> in the shrimp at last was (29.36 &plusmn; 4.06) mg/kg and (42.91 &plusmn; 6.10) mg/kg in the control and treated RAS respectively, but it was in the range of national security standards of the green food and pollution-free agriculture products. The study suggests that the RAS can work well and supply safety food shrimp under 0.3 mg/L copper pollution in three month culturing period.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Copper
Controlled terms:Ammonium compounds - Aquaculture - Bacteria - Bacteriology - Biofilters - Biofiltration - Health - Pollution control - Problem solving - Safety engineering  - Shellfish - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Copper sulfate - Disease outbreaks - Environmental degradation - Feed conversion ratios - Heterotrophic bacterias - High quality - Litopenaeus - Management practices - Mortality rate  - National security - Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria - Polluted water - Recirculating aquaculture system - Removal rate - Shrimp aquaculture - Shrimp culture
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 914.3 Industrial Hygiene - 914 Safety Engineering - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 544.1 Copper - 461.9 Biology - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453 Water Pollution - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20111713935704Title:Characteristics of nitrate leaching in high yield farmland under different irrigation and fertilization managements in North China Plain
Authors:Chen, Shufeng (1); Wu, Wenliang (1); Hu, Kelin (1); Du, Zhendong (2); Chu, Zhaohui (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Shandong Water Conservancy Research Institute, Jinan 250013, China; (3) Tengzhou Bureau of Agriculture, Tengzhou 277500, China 
Corresponding author:Wu, W.
   	  (wuwenl@cau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:65-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The objective of this study was to provide some suggestions on reducing nitrate leaching from cropland under the intensive cropping pattern in North China Plain. The experiment was carried in a typical high yield production area of Huantai county from 2006 to 2008. Two kinds of irrigations and two kinds of fertilizer N managements were designed, including traditional and optimal irrigation treatments, fertilized with Urea and controlled release fertilizer (CRF). Soil water content and nitrate content in soil solution at the depth of 2 m were observed by tensiometer and ceramic suction cup respectively. The amount of nitrate leaching was calculated by Darcy's law. The results showed that under the same fertilization condition, quantity of water drainage was obviously reduced optimal irrigation treatment, which was about 50% of that in traditional irrigation treatment. Under the same irrigation treatments, the nitrate content at the depth of 2.1 m soil profile was reduced sharply under the CRF treatment. Irrigation patterns had a insignificant effect on the amount of residual nitrate content in soil profile. The amount of residual nitrate was reduced to 60% of that in the Urea treatment. Compared with the traditional water and N combined management, amounts of nitrate leaching were reduced by 60%, and nitrate leaching ratio was also declined by 50% for the CRF treatment without decreasing grain yield. Thus, the optimal irrigation and N-fertilizer management is recommended.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Irrigation - Leaching - Metabolism - Nitrates - Nitrogen fertilizers - Optimization - Soil moisture - Urea - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled-release fertilizers - Cropping patterns - Darcy's law - Fertilizer management - Grain yield - High yield - Irrigation patterns - Irrigation treatments - Nitrate leaching - North China Plain  - Soil profiles - Soil solutions - Soil water content - Suction cup - Traditional irrigation - Urea treatment - Water drainage
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 461.9 Biology - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20111713935700Title:Effect of root zone water and nitrogen regulation on cotton population physiological indices under different furrow irrigation patterns
Authors:Li, Peiling (1); Zhang, Fucang (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China 
Corresponding author:Li, P.
   	  (lipeiling1981@tom.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:38-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To explore the regulation effects of water and nitrogen on cotton population growth and development under the furrow irrigation, a cotton field furrow irrigation experiment was conducted. In the experiments, three kinds of furrow irrigation patterns and three irrigation and nitrogen fertilization levels were designed. The change trends of the cotton population physiological indices were simulated using single peak Gaussian distribution model. The results showed that the model simulation accuracy was relatively high. Compared with the peak values of leaf area duration (LAD) under conventional furrow irrigations (CFI), it decreased by 39.3% under alternative furrow irrigations (AFI) and low nitrogen treatments. Under medium nitrogen treatments, there was no significant difference in all indices. Under high nitrogen treatments, the LAD peak value increased by 17.26%, while the net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased by 21.69%. Meanwhile, under fixed furrow irrigations (FFI) and different nitrogen treatments, the peak value of each indices decreased by 35.1%-44.0%. Compared with the CFI, the LAD peak value decreased by 23.94% under AFI low water treatments. LAD peak value increased by 13.63% and leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 14.2% under AFI medium water treatments. Under AFI high water treatments, there was no significant difference in all indices. Under the FFI and different irrigation treatments, each index decreased by 20.7%-47.22%. Compared with the changes of cotton biomass and yield, the changes of ground dry weight and yield were insignificant under AFI and all water and nitrogen treatments. The FFI ground dry weight decreased by 9.8%-19.3% and the cotton yield decreased by 7.6%-8.9%. The experimental results show that AFI has obvious advantage of regulation effects of water and nitrogen on the performance of cotton population and it can be used to control the population growth and development of cotton effectively. Thus, AFI is recommended in practical applications of cotton water and fertilizer managements.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Cotton - Experiments - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Physiological models - Physiology - Population statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Assimilation rate - Change trends - Cotton yield - Dry weight - Fertilizer management - Furrow irrigation - Gaussian distribution model - High-nitrogen - Irrigation treatments - Leaf area durations  - Leaf area index - Model simulation - Nitrogen fertilization level - Nitrogen regulation - Nitrogen treatment - Peak values - Physiological indices - Population growth - Root zone - Root zone water and nitrogen  - Single peak
Classification code:901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 461.9 Biology - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 723.5 Computer Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20111713935749Title:Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns and reclamation years on microbes in reclaimed soil
Authors:Fan, Wenhua (1); Bai, Zhongke (2); Li, Huifeng (1); Qiao, Junyao (1); Xu, Jianwei (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; (2) College of Land Science and Technique, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China; (4) College of Continued Education, Xian Yang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China 
Corresponding author:Bai, Z.
   	  (baizk@cugb.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:330-336
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For researching the effects of different reclamation modes and reclamation years on reclaimed soil biological fertility quality, the microbes quantity and changes were studied in reclaimed soil with different reclamation modes and reclamation years in Antaibao large opencast coal mine. The results showed that total amounts of microbes in reclaimed soil increased with reclamation years, after 13 years of reclamation, the microbes quantity in reclaimed soils came from 624.35 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g to 1448.19 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g, with an average of 1183.01 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g, and the maximum was near to the amount of soil microbes in original geography soil. Bacteria amounts were predominant (more than 95%), actinomyces amounts were the next, and fungi amounts were the least among composition of three communities of soil microbes. Different types of vegetation restoration were different in improving soil microbes. After 7 years of reclamation, total amounts of microbes in reclaimed soil with different vegetation restoration modes was Amorpha fruticosa &gt; Elaeagnus angustifolia &gt; Hippophae rhamnoides. After 13 years of reclamation, the ecological benefit of different mode were Picea meyeri &times; Pinus tabulaeformis &times; Larix principis-rupprechii &gt; Robinia pseudoacacia &times; Pinus tabulaeformis &times; Ulmus pumila &gt; Robinia pseudoacacia &times; Caragana korshinskii &gt; Agropyron cristatum &times; Robinia pseudoacacia &times; Caragana korshinskii by evaluation of soil microbes. The correlation analysis showed that soil bacterium and microorganism total quantity were obviously positive correlation with soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Reclamation
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Coal - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Restoration - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Actinomyces - Caragana Korshinskii - Correlation analysis - Different modes - Ecological benefits - Hippophae rhamnoides - Opencast Coal Mine - Pinus tabulaeformis - Positive correlations - Reclaimed soil  - Robinia pseudo-acacia - Soil bacterium - Soil microbes - Soil organic matters - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 503.1 Coal Mines - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 461.9 Biology - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 402 Buildings and Towers - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.056
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20111713935731Title:Simulation analysis of arcless on-load automatic capacity regulating for distribution transformer
Authors:Piao, Zailin (1); Wang, Dongdong (1); Zheng, Yu (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electric Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China 
Corresponding author:Piao, Z.
   	  (piaozl@china.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:224-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The technology of arcless on-load automatic capacity regulating for distribution transformer was dissertated, and technology scheme of arcless on-load automatic capacity regulating with power electronic switches was put forward. In this scheme, a kind of high-power withstand voltage thyristor with anti-parallel connection was used as capacity regulating switch, which overcame the drawbacks of mechanical switch such as complicated structure, slow regulative rate and high failure rate. The key technology of arcless on-load automatic capacity regulating of distribution transformer was discussed. Simulation model of the scheme was established using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation study and analysis for the shift and transition of power electronic switches were carried through, and the feasibility of this scheme was validated primarily. The results can provide solutions for the capacity regulating seasonally in country grid and peak-valley capacity regulating in city grid.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Electric connectors - Electric switchgear - Semiconductor switches
Uncontrolled terms:Complicated structures - Distribution transformer - Failure rate - High-power - Key technologies - Mechanical switch - On-load capacity regulating - Parallel connections - Peak- valley - Power electronic switches  - PSCAD/EMTDC - Shift-and - Simulation - Simulation analysis - Simulation model - Simulation studies - Withstand voltage
Classification code:706.2 Electric Power Lines and Equipment - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 723.5 Computer Applications
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20111713935738Title:Mechanical performance and test method for paper wet-pad
Authors:Wang, Li (1); Ding, Xiaoming (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China 
Corresponding author:Wang, L.
   	  (wanglicaae@163.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:267-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Fan-pad cooling is one of the most popular and economic cooling method in greenhouse. Wet-pad is the most important component of the fan-pad cooling equipment. Wet-pad made of paper is the industrialized product and widely used. The quality of wet-pad affects the using results. Besides thermal and ventilating resistance performances, the mechanical performances are needed to evaluate the wet-pad quality. By now there is no evaluating method for the mechanical performances of wet-pad. In this paper, based on mechanical performances tests of wet-pad, two new concepts which were tensile strength and peeling strength of wet-pad were put forward and used as the parameters to describe mechanical performances. Also the test principles and methods were discussed. Besides, the methods were verified through the wet-pad tests in two conditions which were dry and wet. The results show that the test equipment are common used and test data have good repeatability. The method can be used to evaluate the mechanical performances of wet-pad.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Mechanical properties
Controlled terms:Cooling - Quality control - Tensile strength - Tensile testing - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Cooling equipment - Cooling methods - Dry and wet - Evaluating method - Mechanical performance - Peeling strength - Test data - Test equipments - Test method - Wed-pad
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 422.2 Strength of Building Materials : Test Methods - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20111713935697Title:Analysis on the hydraulic response of long distance canal control system during ice period
Authors:Liu, Mengkai (1); Wang, Changde (1); Feng, Xiaobo (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 
Corresponding author:Wang, C.
   	  (CDWWH@tom.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:20-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to delivery water in Long Distance Canal System (LDCS) in winter smoothly, it is necessary to study its operation process. Considering the differences of flow behaviors between LDCS and natural rivers, a juxtaposition floating ice-cover model was developed, which can simulate and describe the floating ice cover formation process and winter operation responses of LDCS, such as changing process of water level, gate opening, water temperature and ice cover thickness in winter. Being a case study, the model was used to simulate the operation process of Jingshi canal, parts of the middle line of South to North water transfer project in winter. The simulation results showed that the change of ice cover roughness, parameters of PID controller and controller logics had big influences on hydraulic response of canal system. The study shows that the computer simulation model can be used to analyze the response of long distance water transfer control canal system during ice forming period.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Behavioral research - Bridge piers - Canals - Computational methods - Computer control systems - Computer simulation - Control system analysis - Controllers - Hydraulic structures - Hydraulics  - Ice control - Systems analysis - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Canal control systems - Canal systems - Computer simulation model - Floating ice - Flow behaviors - Formation process - Hydraulic response - Ice cover - Ice forming - Juxtaposition ice cover  - Long distance water transfer - Long distances - Natural river - Operation process - PID controllers - Simulation result - South to North Water Transfer Project - Water temperatures - Winter operations
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 921 Mathematics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 632.1 Hydraulics - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 443.3 Precipitation - 443 Meteorology - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407.2 Waterways - 401.1 Bridges
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20111713935743Title:Optimization on acid pretreatment conditions for rice straw in process of lignocellulosic ethanol
Authors:Zhan, Hanhui (1); Huang, Lilin (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (2) College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China 
Corresponding author:Zhan, H.
   	  (zhanhhh@263.net)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:293-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to get high xylose yield from the hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreatment straw, the effects of single factor reaction time, solid-liquid rate and concentration to the pretreatment process were investigated. Meanwhile, the treatment conditions were optimized with quadratic regression orthogonal design. The orthogonal design was set up, which was fit to the linear between factors and xylose yield. Variance analysis exhibited a significant difference. Moreover, the order of the factors was as follows: reaction time (x<inf>1</inf>) &gt; liquid to solid ratio (x<inf>2</inf>) &gt; concentration of acid (x<inf>3</inf>). Using the regression equation model, the optimal pretreatment conditions were determined: reaction time 2 h, concentration of acid 4.1%, liquid to solid ratio 22:1. Under the optimal conditions, the xylose yield was 0.332 g/L. The quadratic regression orthogonal design had the advantages of less test times and optimized pretreatment conditions for the basis studies. The results of this study showed that the effects of three interaction items were not significant, but the coded factors of reaction time and acid concentration needed to be adjusted.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Liquids
Controlled terms:Concentration (process) - Design - Ethanol - Optimization - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Acid concentrations - Acid pretreatment - Dilute acid pretreatment - In-process - Liquid to solid ratio - Optimal conditions - Orthogonal design - Pretreatment conditions - Pretreatment process - Program solution  - Quadratic regression - Reaction time - Regression equation - Rice straws - Solid-liquid - Treatment conditions - Variance analysis - Xylos - Xylose yields
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 523 Liquid Fuels - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.050
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20111713935707Title:Validation and application of dual crop coefficient model SIMDual_Kc
Authors:Zhao, Nana (1); Liu, Yu (1); Cai, Jiabing (1); Pereira, L.S. (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; (2) Institute of Agriculture, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal 
Corresponding author:Liu, Y.
   	  (liuyu@iwhr.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:89-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to distinguish evaporation and crop transpiration, the dual crop coefficient model, SIMDual Kc, was calibrated and verified based on 3-year data measured from an experimental field of winter-wheat in the North China Plain. Result show that simulated values of evapotranspiration and soil water content fit well with their respective observed data. Simulated evaporation show clear periodic variation, closely related to different phase of crop growth. The ratio of evaporation to the actual crop evapotranspiration in the whole growth is 17%-22%. Consequently, this model is suitable to be used in North China Plain.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Transpiration
Controlled terms:Crops - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Phase transitions - Soil moisture - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Crop coefficient - Crop evapotranspiration - Crop growth - North China Plain - Observed data - Periodic variation - Soil water content
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20111713935695Title:Regional agricultural water and soil resources carrying capacity based on macro-micro scale in Sanjiang Plain
Authors:Ren, Shoude (1); Fu, Qiang (1); Wang, Kai (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 
Corresponding author:Fu, Q.
   	  (fuqiang@neau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:8-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The agricultural water resources and soil resources are viewed as independent system, which are respectively researched in evaluating the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources. It is easy to cause the overload operation of the agricultural water and soil resources system. This paper studied the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources as a whole system, and put forward a new idea that the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources is evaluated from the macro and micro scale. On the basis of building microcosmic and macroscopic evaluation index system for the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources, it also established the micro and macroscopic computing models. The microscopic model was used to compute the maximum grain yield and the maximum number of people that the agricultural water and soil resources can support. The macroscopic model was used to evaluate the regional relative rank of the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources. The models were also used to analyze the carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources of Jiansanjiang region of Sanjiang plain. The results showed that the size and restrictive factors of agricultural water and soil resources carrying capacity in Jiansanjiang region, which is obtained by macro-micro model, reflected the realistic levels of carrying capacity of agricultural water and soil resources of Jiansanjiang region. It shows that the model is practical, and can provide the basis for making full use of overall efficiency of regional agricultural water and soil resources carrying capacity system.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Geologic models - Grain (agricultural product) - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water - Carrying capacity - Computing model - Grain - Grain yield - Independent systems - Macroscopic evaluation indexes - Macroscopic model - Micro models - Micro-scales  - Microscopic models - Overall efficiency - Sanjiang plain - Soil resources - Whole systems
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20111713935730Title:Hyperspectral reflectance models for predicting soil organic matter content in coastal tidal land area, northern Jiangsu
Authors:Xu, Mingxing (1); Zhou, Shenglu (1); Ding, Wei (3); Wu, Shaohua (1); Wu, Wei (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (3) Dongtai Municipal Land and Resources Bureau, Yancheng 224200, China 
Corresponding author:Zhou, S.
   	  (zhousl@nju.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:219-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on the advantage of rapid and non-destructive testing of hyperspectral reflectance compared with conventional methods, the hyperspectral models for predicting soil organic matter (SOM) content of different pedogenic time by partial least square regression (PLSR) was conducted in this study. Besides original spectra, several spectral indices were also calculated, including first derivative reflectance spectra (FDR), inverse-log spectra (lg(1/R)) and band depth (BD). The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) were used to validate the models. The results show that there is a difference in spectral indices for construct optimal model. REF is the optimal index of building PLSR model, which RMSE and r is 2.7231 and 0.8701, respectively, for predicting SOM content of overall samples. FDR and BD are better index for predicting SOM content form in millennium and century scales, r is 0.9436 and 0.8770, respectively. Correlation analysis shows that visible light region, near infrared that centered in 1400 nm, and ranged in 1900-2450 nm is optimal band for predicting SOM content.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Forecasting - Least squares approximations - Nondestructive examination - Optimization - Organic compounds - Principal component analysis - Reflection - Soil testing  - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Conventional methods - Correlation analysis - Correlation coefficient - First derivative - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral models - Hyperspectral reflectance - Land areas - Near Infrared - Non destructive testing  - Optimal model - Organic matter - Partial least square regression - Reflectance spectrum - Root mean square errors - Soil organic matter contents - Soil organic matters - Spectral indices - Visible light region
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 481.2 Geochemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 41>

Accession number:20111713935750Title:Soil erosion changes based on GIS/RS and USLE in Poyang Lake basin
Authors:Lu, Jianzhong (1); Chen, Xiaoling (1); Li, Hui (3); Liu, Hai (1); Xiao, Jingjing (1); Yin, Jianmin (4) 
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (3) School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (4) Climate Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046, China 
Corresponding author:Chen, X.
   	  (cxl@lmars.whu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:337-344
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The amount of soil erosion in Poyang Lake basin was estimated using the geomatics (RS and GIS) and the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The land use/cover map was derived from TM/ETM  images of 1990 and 2000. Using digital elevation model (DEM), map of soil type and rainfall data, the special distribution of the factors in the USLE model were calculated, and the soil erosion maps of Poyang Lake basin were estimated respectively. The study showed that eroded areas in the Poyang Lake basin were mainly located in the upriver of Ganjiang River and Xinjiang River, middle reach and the upriver of Fuhe River and Xiushui River. According to the classification criterion of the soil erosion potential, most areas 97.38% and 97.30% of the basin suffered the very slight and slight erosion, while the slight and moderate erosion contributed most of the sediment yield, which amounted to 58.16% and 51.20% of the eroded soil in 1990 and 2000 respectively. And severe, very severe and extremely severe erosion in the basin should not be neglected. The soil erosion potential changed from slight and moderate erosion to very slight erosion, very severe and extremely severe erosion, which showed evolvement tendency from middle classification to lower and higher classification. The growth rate of eroded soil from 1990 to 2000 was 6.23%. The average soil erosion modules were both approximately 1100 t/(km<sup>2</sup> &middot a), which were classified to slight erosion. Analyzing the land use/cover change, areas of wetland and paddy shrank while areas for building increased, which led to larger amount of soil erosion in 2000. What was more, the distribution of rainfall was a considerable factor to affect soil erosion pattern. Finally, some planning measures of water and soil conservation were proposed.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Anoxic sediments - Erosion - Geographic information systems - Geologic models - Lakes - Rain - Remote sensing - Rivers - Sediment transport - Sedimentology  - Soils - Surveying
Uncontrolled terms:Classification criterion - Digital elevation model - Eroded soils - Evolvement tendency - Geomatics - Land use/cover - Land use/cover change - Planning measures - Poyang Lake - Rainfall data  - RS and GIS - Sediment yield - Sediment yields - Severe erosion - Soil erosion - Soil erosion potential - Soil types - The Poyang Lake basin - Universal soil loss equation - Universal soil loss equation (USLE)  - Xinjiang
Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 723.3 Database Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 443.3 Precipitation - 407.2 Waterways - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 405.3 Surveying
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.057
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 42>

Accession number:20111713935748Title:Cultivated land comprehensive quality evaluation based on agricultural land classification and soil environmental quality evaluation
Authors:Lu, Jie (1); Li, Ling (2); Wu, Kening (1); Zhao, Huafu (1); Huang, Qin (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 10083, China; (2) College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China 
Corresponding author:Wu, K.
   	  (knwu@sohu.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:323-329
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To the aim of the ecological protection and management, the comprehensive quality evaluation method of cultivated land based on agricultural land classification and soil environmental quality evaluation was explored. Based on the classification index for the agricultural land classification, the concept for the compensation factor for the soil environmental quality evaluation was introduced. The cultivated land classification index was modified in terms of the above-mentioned results such that the comprehensive quality evaluation index could be obtained. Moreover, the method was illustrated by using the empirical study in Luoyang City, Henan Province. By comparing the cultivated land comprehensive quality evaluation with the previous agricultural land classification, it was found that the clean land classification left invariable, the pollution tendency land classification tended to decline, and the contaminated land classification reduced to the lowest grade. The evaluation method and results can be used for land utilization management and environmental pollution control programs.
Number of references:10
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Classifiers - Environmental management - Land use - Ocean structures - Pollution control - Soil pollution - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural land - Classification index - Compensation factor - Cultivated land comprehensive quality evaluation - Soil environment impact assessments
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 472 Ocean Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.055
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 43>

Accession number:20111713935710Title:Design and experiment of rubber-bar roller of cotton harvester
Authors:Zhang, Hongwen (1); Kang, Min (1); Fu, Xiuqing (1); Wu, Jie (2); Feng, Jing'an (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China 
Corresponding author:Kang, M.
   	  (kangmin@njau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:109-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To study the effects of the motion parameters of rubber-roller harvester on cotton harvesting performance in Xinjiang cotton planting pattern, the harvesting principle and the components of rubber-roller harvester were introduced in this paper. The functional relationships between the speed ratio and the harvest angle of rubber-bar, the absolute velocity and the roller speed were established based on the displacement and velocity equations of rubber-bar end, and the influences of speed ratio on cotton harvesting performance were analyzed. Experimental results showed that the collect rate of cotton was over 95%, the percentage of impurities was less than 15% and the percentage of landing cotton was less than 2% when the roller speed was 450 r/min and the working speed ranged was 0.83 m/s. The rubber-roller harvester can meet with the requirements of mechanized harvesting cotton.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Design - Harvesters - Harvesting - Rollers (machine components) - Rubber - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton harvesting - Functional relationship - Harvest angle - Mechanized harvesting - Motion parameters - Roller speed - Speed ratio - Velocity equation - Working speed - Xinjiang
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 44>

Accession number:20111713935702Title:Governing equations for modeling preferential flow in unsaturated soil based on fractal theory
Authors:Sheng, Feng (1); Zhang, Renduo (3); Liu, Huihai (4) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science and Water Hazard Prevention, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (3) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (4) Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States 
Corresponding author:Sheng, F.
   	  (shengf.china@gmail.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:52-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To characterize the quick and non-equilibrium movement of preferential flow, and to represent the flow and transport in the unsaturated soil-water system more accurately, fractal theory was incorporated into the continuum approach based on the fundamental theories of active region model (ARM) and the fractal properties of the preferential flow patterns which were observed widely in lab and field studies. The governing equations for controlling preferential soil water flow and solute transport were derived from the mass conservation principle in this research. Furthermore, the ARM was compared with the mobile-immobile region model (MIM) and the active fracture model (AFM) to show the differences and relationship between these approaches. This research provided theoretical directions and effective approaches for using ARM to solve the related flow and transport processes resulted from preferential flow in the unsaturated soil-water system.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Fractals - Groundwater flow - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Solute transport - Ternary systems - Waterworks
Uncontrolled terms:Active region model - AFM - Field studies - Flow and transport - Fractal properties - Fractal theory - Fracture model - Fundamental theory - Governing equations - Mass conservation  - Mobile-immobile region model - Non equilibrium - Preferential flows - Soil water flows - Unsaturated soil
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 446 Waterworks - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531.1 Metallurgy - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 45>

Accession number:20111713935718Title:Effects of fuel injection timing on economy and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel blends
Authors:Ma, Zhihao (1); Wang, Xin (1); Zhang, Xiaoyu (1); Xu, Bin (1); Wu, Jian (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Vehicle and Motive Power Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China 
Corresponding author:Ma, Z.
   	  (mazhihao@mail.haust.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:151-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of pistacia chinensis bunge seed biodiesel on the performance of diesel engine, the economy and emissions test was carried out at the YTR3105 direct injection diesel engine fueled with pistacia chinensis bunge seed biodiesel-diesel blends. The results showed that the most economic fuel injection timing of the blends was almost the same at different operating conditions, namely, the most economic fuel injection timing of the blends was 11&deg; crank angle before top dead center at the maximum torque condition and 12&deg; crank angle before top dead center at rated condition. With the increase of fuel injection timing, both CO and smoke emissions of the engine decreased firstly and then increased, and THC emissions decreased, while NO<inf>X</inf> emissions increased greatly. CO, HC and smoke emissions decreased with the increase of the proportions of biodiesel in the blends. The NO<inf>X</inf> emissions of the engine fueled with B10 and B20 were lower than that of diesel, but higher when fueled with B30. It is concluded that there is no relationship between the most economic fuel injection timing and the fuel type, but the proportions of biodiesel in the blends greatly affect on the emissions of diesel engine.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Direct injection
Controlled terms:Biodiesel - Diesel engines - Economic analysis - Engines - Fuel economy - Fuels - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Crank angle - Direct injection diesel engines - Fuel injection timing - Fuel types - Maximum torque - Operating condition - Pistacia chinensis - Rated condition - Smoke Emission - Top dead center
Classification code:521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 523 Liquid Fuels - 612 Engines - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 46>

Accession number:20111713935709Title:Source apportionment and spatial heterogeneity of agricultural non-point source pollution based on water environmental function zoning
Authors:Qian, Xiaoyong (1); Shen, Genxiang (1); Guo, Chunxia (1); Gu, Hairong (2); Zhu, Ying (1); Wang, Zhenqi (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China; (2) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 
Corresponding author:Shen, G.
   	  (shengx@saes.sh.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:103-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Taking township as basic unit, the inventory analysis method and equivalent standard method were conducted to determine the discharge amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from different types of agricultural non-point sources, including chemical fertilizer application, animal manure application, crop straws, animal husbandry, aquaculture and rural sewage. The impact of agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) on water environment and its spatial heterogeneity were analyzed based on water environmental function zoning at the scales of county and town. The results indicated that, the absolute discharge amount of COD, TN and TP from ANPSP were 4.42 &times; 10<sup>4</sup>, 1.13 &times; 10<sup>4</sup>, 0.44 &times; 10<sup>4</sup> t/a respectively, and the discharge amount in equivalent standard were 0.16 &times; 10<sup>4</sup>, 0.93 &times; 10<sup>4</sup>, 1.65 &times; 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/a respectively. The primary pollution source was animal husbandry, which load ratio in equivalent standard reached 66.31%, and the primary pollutant was TP, which load ratio in equivalent standard reached 60.32%. Discharge concentration of COD, TN and TP caused by ANPSP in different districts were in the range of 4.16-40.91, 1.30-8.71, 0.23-4.94 mg/L respectively, while the average water quality index ranged from 0.67 to 5.91. From the point view of town-based pollution stress, the pollution extent of the towns in South Shanghai and Chongming Island was much higher, which had greater agriculture productive value and located near the water conservation area with stricter water quality standards.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Water pollution control
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Chemical analysis - Chemical oxygen demand - Manures - Nitrogen fertilizers - Oil spills - Oxygen - Phosphorus - Pollution induced corrosion  - Sewage - Standards - Water conservation - Water pollution - Water quality - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Animal husbandry - Animal manure - Chemical fertilizers - Discharge concentration - Equivalent standard pollution load - Inventory analysis - Load ratio - Non-point source - Non-point source pollution - Pollution extent  - Pollution sources - Primary pollutants - Shanghai - Source apportionment - Spatial heterogeneity - Standard method - Total nitrogen - Total phosphorus - Water conservation areas - Water environments  - Water quality indexes - Water quality standard
Classification code:821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 444 Water Resources - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 453 Water Pollution
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 47>

Accession number:20111713935759Title:Microwave irradiation promoting acid hydrolysis of straw pole into reducing sugar in ionic liquid Br
Authors:Yang, Mingni (1); Chai, Lianzhou (1); Bi, Xianjun (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China 
Corresponding author:Bi, X.
   	  (bixj159@yahoo.com.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:387-391
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the enhancement of acid hydrolysis process of plant fiber in [Bmim]Br ionic liquid medium by the microwave irradiation heating, the microwave irradiation promoting acid hydrolysis of straw pole and preparation the reducing sugar were determined with the [Bmim]Br ionic liquid as reactive medium in this paper. The influences of ionic liquid volume, microwave power, irradiation time, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature on yield of reducing sugar with acid hydrolysis of straw pole were mainly tested. The results indicated that the best condition of acid hydrolysis of straw pole into reducing sugar in microwave irradiating was 10.0% H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>30.0 mL, [Bmim]Br 10.0 mL, reactive temperature 85&deg;C, irradiation time 45 min, microwave power 500 W, and the yield ratio of reducing sugar reached 22.94% at the best condition, but the yield ratio of reducing sugar at the conventional acid hydrolysis was only 14.50%. It is clear that the yield ratio of reducing sugar in the straw pole by microwave irradiation promoting acid hydrolysis was higher than the yield ratio of reducing sugar by the conventional acid hydrolysis. So the microwave radiation could promote acid hydrolysis of plant fiber and significantly shorten the time of saccharification and raise the yield ratio of reducing sugar in the ionic liquid medium.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Liquid sugar
Controlled terms:Ionic liquids - Ions - Irradiation - Microwave generation - Microwave irradiation - Microwave power transmission - Poles - Radiation - Saccharification - Sugars  - Sulfur determination - Sulfuric acid - Textile fibers
Uncontrolled terms:[Bmim]Br - Acid concentrations - Acid hydrolysis - Conventional acids - Irradiation time - Liquid medium - Liquid volume - Microwave power - Microwave radiations - Plant fibers  - Reaction temperature - Reactive medium - Reactive temperature - Reducing sugars - Yield ratios
Classification code:819.2 Synthetic Fibers - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 822.3 Food Products - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.066
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 48>

Accession number:20111713935715Title:Robust two-degree-freedom control for multi-axle steering vehicle
Authors:Liu, Qinqin (1); Gao, Xiuhua (1); Zhang, Xiaojiang (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China 
Corresponding author:Gao, X.
   	  (xhgao@jlu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:136-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve robust stability of multi-axle steering vehicle, the unified dynamic model was built; and the uncertain structure and certain structure of this model were separated by LFTs (Linear Fractional Transformations). Then two-degree-freedom controller design method was proposed for the multi-axle steering vehicle, where the feedforward controller was actually the model matching problem, and the feedback controller was &mu; analysis and synthesis problem. The simulation results showed that the velocity variations were compensated by feedforward controller independently, and the perturbations introduced by variations of road adhesion, tire cornering stiffness etc were restrained by feedback controller, and the system achieved zero sideslip angle and ideal yaw rate preferably. In conclusion, the control method can assure the good tracing performance and robustness for the vehicle system.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Automobile steering equipment - Axles - Feedback control - Feedforward control - Linear transformations - Robust control - Steering - Structural design - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:2 DOF - Analysis and synthesis - Control methods - Controller design method - Cornering stiffness - Feed-forward controllers - Feedback controller - LFT - Linear Fractional Transformations - Model matching problems  - Multi-axle - Robust stability - Sideslip angles - Simulation result - Uncertain structures - Vehicle system - Velocity variations - Yaw rate
Classification code:732.1 Control Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 601.2 Machine Components - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 49>

Accession number:20111713935703Title:Influence of the irrigation, fertilization and groundwater depth on wheat yield and nitrate nitrogen leaching
Authors:Du, Jun (1); Yang, Peiling (1); Li, Yunkai (1); Ren, Shumei (1); Wang, Yongzhong (2); Li, Xianyue (1); Du, Jing (1); Zhang, Jianguo (3); He, Xin (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Ningxia Administration Bureau of Farms and Land Reclamation, Yinchuan 750001, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Bayinnaoer Water Science Institute, Linhe 015001, China 
Corresponding author:Yang, P.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:57-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The orthogonal tests were taken to analyzed the significant of the irrigation, fertilization and groundwater table depth on the wheat yield and the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss from March to July 2010, and the statistic geological method was taken in ArcGIS9.0 to analyze the spatial distribution of groundwater table depth (annual average in 2009) in Hetao irrigation district. The results were used to make the optimal (minimum) combination patterns of the three factors each other which were suited to the different area in Hetao irrigation district. The analysis results showed that the root surface (0-80 cm) soil water content was decreasing with the increasing groundwater table depth. When the groundwater table depth was over 2.0 m, the irrigation amount was the significant factor with the same value of groundwater table depth. The influence of the three factors on the wheat yield was in the order of groundwater table depth &gt; irrigation amount &gt; fertilization, and on the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen was in the order of irrigation &gt; fertilization &gt; groundwater table depth. The groundwater table depth was an inducible factor, the irrigation amount was extremely significant and the nitrogen rate was significant on the nitrate nitrogen leaching, respectively. When the groundwater table depth was 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m, respectively, the combination patterns of three factors were irrigation (280 mm) fertilization (Urea 150 kg &middot hm<sup>-2</sup> and diammonium phosphate 165 kg/hm<sup>-2</sup>), irrigation (320 mm) fertilization (Urea 150 kg/hm<sup>-2</sup> and diammonium phosphate 165 kg/hm<sup>-2</sup>) and irrigation (360 mm) fertilization (Urea 255 kg/hm<sup>-2</sup> and diammonium phosphate 375 kg/hm<sup>-2</sup>), respectively.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Groundwater resources
Controlled terms:Experiments - Groundwater - Irrigation - Leaching - Metabolism - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Optimization - Soil moisture  - Urea - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Annual average - Diammonium phosphates - Groundwater table depth - Irrigation districts - Leaching loss - Nitrate nitrogen - Nitrogen rate - Orthogonal test - Root surfaces  - Significant factors - Soil water content - Wheat - Wheat yield
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology - 444.2 Groundwater - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 50>

Accession number:20111713935741Title:Characteristics of biomass gasification and exergy analysis
Authors:Zhang, Xiaotao (1); Huang, Minghua (1); Wang, Aijun (1); Zhang, Yan (1); Arellano-Garcia, H. (2); Wozny, G. (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electric Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China; (2) Department of Process Science, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany 
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.
   	  (zxt@ncwu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:282-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the biomass energy utilization efficiency and synthetic gas quality, based on AspenPlus simulation, the characteristics of biomass gasification were studied by exergy method while pine, cornstalk and sawdust were selected as gasification feedstock. When the air/biomass mass flow ratio changed from 0.7 to 2.3 as well as the feedstock contained 30% moisture content, the exergy efficiencies of gasification process and the low heating values of synthetic gas were calculated. The biomass gasification processes were optimized through the methods of increasing gasifying agent temperature and drying biomass feedstock. It shows that gasification performance can be greatly influenced by biomass species and its moisture content; The exergy efficiencies of gasification process and the low heat values of synthetic gas can be improved through reducing biomass moisture content and increasing gasifying agent temperature.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Gasification
Controlled terms:Biomass - Energy utilization - Exergy - Feedstocks - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Bio-mass energy - Biomass feedstock - Biomass Gasification - Biomass species - Exergy Analysis - Exergy efficiencies - Exergy efficiency - Gasification process - Gasifying agents - Heat value  - Low heating values - Mass flow ratios - Moisture contents - Synthetic gas
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.048
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 51>

Accession number:20111713935713Title:Test of shear mechanical properties of cotton stalks
Authors:Li, Yudao (1); Du, Xianjun (1); Song, Zhanhua (1); Li, Fade (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China 
Corresponding author:Li, F.
   	  (lifade@sdau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:124-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to get the cutting mechanical parameters of cotton stalk in low stubble condition, microprocessor controlled electronic universal testing machine (WDW-5E) was used to study the shear properties of cotton stalk in different harvest time and moisture contents. The results indicate that shear strength of cotton stalk is closely related to moisture contents. The shear strength and the work by shear force are lower when the moisture contents of cotton stalk is in range of 30%-50%. The shear strength is higher when the moisture content is exorbitant or too low and it reaches the peak value when the moisture content is around 60%. The shear strength of cotton stalk is in range of 0.6-1.8 MPa and the work of shear force is 1-4.5 Nm. So it can be identified that a period begin at late December is the best harvest time for cotton stalk. It can save 16.4% of the shear power.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Shear strength
Controlled terms:Cotton - Elasticity - Harvesting - Mechanical properties - Moisture - Moisture determination
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton stalk - Harvest - Harvest time - Mechanical parameters - Microprocessor controlled - Moisture contents - Peak values - Shear - Shear force - Shear properties  - Universal testing machines
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 52>

Accession number:20111713935736Title:Growth response and phytoremediation of several species of hydrophytes to ammonium butyl aerofloat in metal mines
Authors:Huang, Xiandong (1); Mo, Cehui (1); Li, Yanwen (1); Zou, Xing (1); Gao, Peng (1); Wu, Xiaolian (1); Chen, Lina (1); Xie, Ruqin (1); Ye, Siqi (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Environment Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation, Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510632, China 
Corresponding author:Mo, C.
   	  (tchmo@jnu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:255-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For applying phytoremediation to control the soil and water polluted by floatation organic reagents, three species of hydrophytes were cultivated in nutrient solution spiked with different concentrations of ammonium butyl aerofloat to investigate their growth response and phytoremediation to ammonium butyl aerofloat. The results showed that the resistance capability of hydrophytes to ammonium butyl aerofloat pollution was Hydrilla verticillata &gt; Eichhornia crassipes Solms &gt; Pistia stratiotes L. When the mass concentration of ammonium butyl aerofloat was 10 mg/L, mild intoxication was observed for Pistia stratiotes L, and its growth was significantly lower than the blank control (no ammonium butyl aerofloat added). When the mass concentration was up to 50 mg/L, moderate intoxication was observed for both Pistia stratiotes L and Eichhornia crassipes Solms, and their growth was both significantly lower than the blank control. The removal rates of ammonium butyl aerofloat in hydrophytes treatments were all significantly higher than the control (no hydrophytes planted), and the removal rates among hydrophytes treatments also varied significantly in the following order: Eichhornia crassipes Solms &gt; Pistia stratiotes L &gt; Hydrilla verticillata. Eichhornia crassipes Solms can effectively remove the ammonium butyl aerofloat. A removal rate of up to 78% to 10 mg/L ammonium butyl aerofloat was obtained after 28 days. As plant uptake took up 76.3%, microorganism did about 7.8%, and the contribution rate of natural degradation was up to 15.8% to the total degradation of ammonium butyl aerofloat, Eichhornia crassipes Solms could be screened as a plant with high phytoremediation efficiency to ammonium butyl aerofloat pollution.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Ammonium compounds
Controlled terms:Bioremediation - Degradation - Ecology - Pollution control - Soil pollution - Wastewater
Uncontrolled terms:A plants - Contribution rate - Eichhornia crassipes - Growth response - Hydrophytes - Mass concentration - Metal mines - Natural degradation - Nutrient solution - Organic reagents  - Phytoremediation - Pistia stratiotes - Plant uptake - Removal rate - Soil and water
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 53>

Accession number:20111713935729Title:Extraction of cultivated land using ETM  image based on multiscale fractal signature
Authors:Dong, Shiwei (1); Li, Xianhai (2); Li, Hong (1); Sun, Danfeng (3); Zhang, Weiwei (1); Zhou, Liandi (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of System Comprehensive Development, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Department of Planning, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 
Corresponding author:Li, H.
   	  (lihsdf@sina.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:213-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Cultivated land, as an important agricultural resource, being quickly and accurately extracted using remote sensing is the key step for its protection and sustainable use. An approach was presented based on multiscale fractal signature and image threshold segment to cultivated land extraction from ETM  remote sensing images. The blanket method used for computing fractal dimension of surface was modified to calculate fractal dimension of curves including the &Prime;up&Prime; and &Prime;down&Prime; fractal signatures at each scale based on the spectral curve of each pixel. The computed fractal signatures of the cultivated land and other land covers at corresponding scale were analyzed and compared; The results showed that cultivated land was enhanced through differencing between the third and fourth down fractal signature, and its spatial distribution was further extracted using image segmentation. The segmentation area accuracy and point positioning accuracy were as high as 91.0% and 71.8%, respectively. The point positioning accuracy of the rainfed cultivated land was relatively low, while irrigated cultivated land and vegetable land were up to 86.6%. The method developed in the study can effectively extract cultivated land and provide a reference for further related researches.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Fractal dimension
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Feature extraction - Image reconstruction - Image segmentation - Land use - Partial discharges - Remote sensing - Spatial variables measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural resources - Cultivated lands - ETM  - Fractal signatures - Image threshold - Image-based - Land cover - Multiscale fractals - Point positioning - Rainfed  - Remote sensing images - Signature analysis - Spatial analysis - Spectral curves - Sustainable use
Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 921 Mathematics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 54>

Accession number:20111713935742Title:Effects of different pretreatment conditions on biogas production by anaerobic fermentation of cotton stalk
Authors:Li, Yanbin (1); Zhang, Qin (1); Li, Wei (2); Yu, Longjiang (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China; (2) Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (3) Xinjiang Production and Constr. Corps Lab. Protection and Utilization of Biol. Res. in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China 
Corresponding author:Zhang, Q.
   	  (jhtabszq@sina.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:287-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to search for fitting pretreatment methods in effective anaerobic fermentation of cotton stalks, effects of three pretreatments including high temperature, alkali treatment and microbial inoculation on biogas production by anaerobic fermentation of cotton stalks were studied. The pretreated cotton stalks were fermented in the biogas production experiments with total solid weight percentage of 8% under room temperature of (23 &plusmn; 2)&deg;C. The results showed that in cotton stalks pretreated with NaOH and microbial inoculation, the structure of lignocellulose was broken clearly, while high temperature affected the external structure indistinctively. All the three pretreatments effectively shortened the starting period of anaerobic fermentation, and improved the ability to biogas production of cotton stalks. Effects of the three pretreatments on biogas production followed the order that: alkali treatment &gt; high temperature &gt; microbial inoculation. Of all the conditions, the pretreatment of 4%(w/w) NaOH with 10 days treating period for cotton stalks (with 60% moisture) exhibited the best effect, which could gain the total gas production of 31022.5 mL after 61 day fermentation. And in this fermentation, the daily average gas production achieved 508.57 mL/d, TS gas production and VS gas production reached 193.89 mL/g and 216.30 mL/g separately, which were much higher than those of the control and other pretreatments. This indicated that this kind of alkali treatment was the optimal, efficiently promoted biogas production in anaerobic fermentation of cotton stalks.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Biogas - Cotton - Fermentation
Uncontrolled terms:Alkali treatment - Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production - Cotton stalk - Cotton stalks - Gas productions - High temperature - Microbial inoculation - Pre-Treatment - Pre-treatments  - Pretreatment conditions - Pretreatment methods - Room temperature - Total solids - Weight percentages
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 819.1 Natural Fibers
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.049
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 55>

Accession number:20111713935698Title:Simplified calculation formulas for critical water depth of horseshoe cross section
Authors:Zhao, Yanfeng (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1); Lu, Qin (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Research Center of Engineering Safety and Disease Prevention, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, China 
Corresponding author:Zhao, Y.
   	  (zhyf2009@yahoo.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:28-32
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The channel with standard horseshoe cross section was commonly used in diversion tunnel engineering. To get the critical depth in the section, a transcendental equation has to be solved. In order to solve the problem that the calculation formulas of critical depth in the section were not expressed by explicit function, direct calculation formulas with simple form and high efficiency were presented in the current work. The quasi-linear function, which was treated as the approximation function, was introduced. The formulas for the critical depth of the two standard horseshoe cross sections were approximated by the quasi-linear function in engineering scope, when the dimensionless critical depth ranged from 0.01 to 1.80. The expressions of the quasi-linear function for the critical depth of the two sections were also obtained, and the error analysis and evaluation were conducted. The results showed that the maximum error was less than 0.6%, indicating that the direct formulas of the quasi-linear function were much simpler, precise and wider than previous ones in applications.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Irrigation canals
Controlled terms:Error analysis - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Linearization - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and evaluation - Approximation function - Calculation formula - Critical depth - Cross section - Direct calculation - Diversion tunnel - High efficiency - Horseshoe cross section - Maximum error  - Quasi-linear - Simplified calculation formula - Transcendental equations - Two section - Water depth
Classification code:441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 56>

Accession number:20111713935739Title:Performance jointly test of heat pump water heater with household solar heating
Authors:Chen, Xuexian (1); Gao, Wenfeng (1); Lan, Qing (1); Tang, Runsheng (1); Xia, Chaofeng (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China 
Corresponding author:Chen, X.
   	  (chenxuexian@yahuoo.com.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:272-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To solve the problems of heating intermittent and instability for household solar water heater, application of heat pump for evacuated tube solar water heater system can achieved auxiliary heat supply round-the-clock. Heating performance test and operation of the system were conducted and the temperature rise performance, heat preservation of the solar water heater system and the heating performance of heat pump were tested and analyzed in this paper. The result showed that when the solar radiation was less than 14 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>, the system needed heating by air source heat pump, on this occasion, the system total coefficient of performance could reach 6.18.
Number of references:9
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Air source heat pumps - Heating equipment - Pumps - Solar heating - Solar water heaters - Sun
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of Performance - Evacuated tubes - Heat preservation - Heat pump water heater - Heat pumps - Heat supply - Heating performance - Temperature rise
Classification code:618.2 Pumps - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 643.1 Space Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 57>

Accession number:20111713935728Title:Segmentation method for crop disease leaf images with complex background
Authors:Yuan, Yuan (1); Li, Miao (2); Liang, Qing (3); Hu, Xiuzhen (4); Zhang, Wei (4) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (2) Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (3) Datong Electric Power Advanced Technique School, Datong 037039, China; (4) School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China 
Corresponding author:Li, M.
   	  (mli@iim.ac.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:208-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A new segmentation method of the level set model based on prior information was proposed in this paper and was applied to crop diseased leaves with complex background. Firstly, structure tensor information was used to improve the LBF model, so that a new level set model was constructed with structure tensor information. At he same time, target shape was represent by the level set method. Secondly, prior shape information in the form of energy function was introduced to the new level set model and got the new level set model based on prior information. Finally, cucumber disease leaf images with complex background were segmented by the model. Experimental results show that the method can accurately extract the disease leaf from cucumber disease leaf images with complex background, which can provide the foundation for extracting, identifying and diagnosing the diseased spots.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Numerical methods
Controlled terms:Crops - Drop breakup - Image segmentation - Level measurement - Tensors
Uncontrolled terms:Complex background - Crop disease - Cucumber disease - Energy functions - Leaf images - Level Set method - Level-set model - Prior information - Prior shape - Segmentation methods  - Shape information - Structure tensor - Structure tensors - Target shape
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.1 Algebra - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 58>

Accession number:20111713935745Title:Performance analysis on a solar-powered air-cooled two-staged ejector refrigeration system with water as refrigerant for cold store
Authors:Chen, Hongjie (1); Lu, Wei (1); Zheng, Lixing (1); Pan, Shulin (1); Feng, Bingling (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China 
Corresponding author:Lu, W.
   	  (catamount@gxu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:302-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The performance was analyzed on a solar-powered air-cooled two-staged ejector refrigeration system using water as refrigerant with rated refrigeration capacity of 8.3 kW for cold store. The refrigeration capacity of the proposed system increases with the rising of cold storage temperature and enhancement of solar irradiance, while decreases with the rising of ambient temperature. The coefficient of performance (COP) has similar changing trend with that of the refrigeration capacity except that it increases rapidly with the enhancement of solar irradiance firstly and then become stable after solar irradiance exceeding a certain value. The refrigeration capacity is 5.6-20 kW and the COP 0.075-0.112 under the normal operating conditions with the cold storage temperature over 6&deg;C, ambient temperature below 38&deg;C and solar irradiance surpassing 500 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The proposed system can match the climatic conditions in fruits and vegetables harvest season of Nanning, a typical city in subtropical zone.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Solar energy
Controlled terms:Air ejectors - Cold storage - Cooling systems - Ejectors (pumps) - Refrigerants - Refrigerating machinery - Refrigeration - Refrigerators - Solar radiation - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Ambient temperatures - Changing trends - Climatic conditions - Coefficient of performance - Cold stores - Ejector refrigeration - Ejector refrigeration systems - Harvest season - Nanning - Normal operating conditions  - Performance analysis - Refrigeration capacity - Solar irradiances - Solar-powered - Storage temperatures
Classification code:803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 644 Refrigeration and Cryogenics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 618.2 Pumps
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.052
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 59>

Accession number:20111713935751Title:Detection of chestnut defect based on data fusion of near-infrared spectroscopy and machine vision
Authors:Zhan, Hui (1); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Zhou, Zhu (1); Wang, Chenglong (1); Gao, Yun (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
Corresponding author:Li, X.
   	  (lixiaoyu@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:345-349
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the detecting precision of the eligible and defected chestnut, a multisource information fusion technique based on near-infrared spectroscopy and machine vision was proposed. Chestnuts from Jingshan area in Hubei province were taken as test samples. BPNN models for discriminating chestnuts based on near infrared spectroscopy, machine vision and multisource information fusion technique were built respectively. The discriminating rates of 3 models were 96.25%, 96.67% and 97.92% in training set, and 86.25%, 83.75% and 90.00% in prediction set. The overall results showed that it is feasible to discriminate chestnut quality using multisource information fusion technique. The recognizing rate of integration model was higher than that of the model built by machine vision technology or near-infrared spectroscopy alone.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Computer vision
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Condition monitoring - Data fusion - Fruits - Information fusion - Infrared devices - Near infrared spectroscopy - Neural networks - Textiles
Uncontrolled terms:Chestnut - Hubei Province - Integration models - Machine vision - Machine vision technologies - Multi-source information fusion - Recognizing rate - Test samples - Training sets
Classification code:903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 819 Synthetic and Natural Fibers; Textile Technology - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 741.2 Vision - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 603 Machine Tools
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.058
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 60>

Accession number:20111713935723Title:Remote sensor monitoring for harvest time of summer maize based on change vector analysis
Authors:Wang, Kun (1); Gu, Xiaohe (1); Cheng, Yaodong (2); Zhang, Jingcheng (1); Wang, Huifang (1); Qi, Ji (2) 
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) School of Mathematics, Physics and Software Engineering, Lanzhou JiaoTong University, Lanzhou 730070, China 
Corresponding author:Gu, X.
   	  (guxh@nercita.org.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:180-186
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:At present, the basic idea of the study for monitoring crop harvest time is to predict the harvest time of crop by analyzing the relationship between the shape variety of NDVI curve and the significant change of crop morphology. However, this approach only considers the relationship between the change in the size of NDVI and harvest time, and only monitors the average harvest time in the whole region. Based on change vector analysis, choosing the summer maize in Yanzhou city as the study object and using the NDVI from HJ-CCD imagery covering maize harvest season in the research region in 2009 as the main data source, the study investigated the relationship between the change in the size and process of NDVI and the harvest time, and instantaneously monitored the harvest time of the summer maize fields. The precision verification for the result of remote sensing monitoring of harvest time was carried out through the survey samples, which the accuracy reached 89.65%. The spatial distribution of harvest time of maize was from the south to the north, which was basically consistent with the information offered by the Agricultural Bureau of Yanzhou city. The results show that change vector analysis as a new method through analyzing the change process of NDVI is effective for monitoring the harvest time of crop.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Harvesting
Controlled terms:Crops - Remote sensing - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Basic idea - Change process - Change vector analysis - Data source - Harvest season - Harvest time - HJ-CCD - NDVI - NDVI curves - Remote sensing monitoring  - Remote sensors - Summer maize - Summer maize field
Classification code:731.1 Control Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.1 Algebra
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 61>

Accession number:20111713935726Title:Calibration method for detection of matrix water content with dielectric-type moisture sensor
Authors:Liu, Zhigang (1); Li, Pingping (1); Hu, Yongguang (1); Zhang, Xiliang (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 
Corresponding author:Li, P.
   	  (lipingping@ujs.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:199-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The physical and chemical properties of soil and substrate are different, so the moisture sensors can not be used directly for measuring the substrate moisture due to the great errors. To achieve rapid moisture detection of culture media, dielectric type EC-5 soil moisture sensor was used to make adaptive test with substrate in different proportions. The effect of temperature and bulk density on output value of the sensor was studied. And polynomial and linear regression methods were used to establish substrate moisture calibration models under the influence of temperature and bulk density. The experimental results demonstrated that the data from the EC-5 agreed reasonably well with the actual water content (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.9791). And the maximum average error was less than 13%. Therefore dielectric type EC-5 soil moisture sensor can be successfully used as the rapid detection equipment after calibration in this study.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Water content
Controlled terms:Calibration - Chemical properties - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Moisture meters - Sensors - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Average errors - Bulk density - Calibration method - Calibration model - Culture media - Dielectric-type moisture sensor - Effect of temperature - Linear regression methods - matrix - Moisture content  - Moisture detection - Moisture sensors - Output values - Physical and chemical properties - Rapid detection - Soil moisture sensors
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 801 Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 444 Water Resources - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 62>

Accession number:20111713935746Title:Neural networks based on PID control for greenhouse temperature
Authors:Qu, Yi (1); Ning, Duo (2); Lai, Zhanchi (1); Cheng, Qi (1); Mu, Lining (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang 712000, China; (2) College of Electric and Information Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China 
Corresponding author:Qu, Y.
   	  (quyi0709052@163.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:307-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A mathematical model of greenhouse temperature was established. Confronted with problem of greenhouse temperature control existed in conventional PID controller such as big inertia, big lag, bad adaptive ability and robustness, and other defects, a kind of intelligent PID controller based on RBF neural network with adaptive ability and self-leaning and self-organization was proposed to adjusted the parameters of PID controller. It identified the Jacohian matrix of feedback system by the RBF neural network and acquired on-line tuning the parameters of PID controller. The experimental results demonstrated that a high performance was achieve with little overshoot, steady-state precision and disturbance rejection ability.
Number of references:10
Main heading:Adaptive control systems
Controlled terms:Controllers - Disturbance rejection - Electric control equipment - Greenhouses - Mathematical models - Neural networks - Proportional control systems - Radial basis function networks - Temperature control - Three term control systems  - Two term control systems
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive - Adaptive ability - Big inertia - Feedback systems - Greenhouse temperature - Mathematic model - matrix - Online tuning - PID control - PID controllers  - RBF Neural Network - Self-organizations
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732 Control Devices - 732.1 Control Equipment - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.053
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 63>

Accession number:20111713935740Title:Influence of storage temperature on stability of physicochemical properties of sawdust pyrolysis bio-oil
Authors:Shen, Chenjie (1); Liu, Ronghou (1); Chen, Tianju (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 
Corresponding author:Liu, R.
   	  (liurhou@sjtu.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:276-281
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For the objective of understanding stability difference of physicochemical properties of bio-oil under different storage temperature, bio-oil from pine sawdust pyrolysis with a bubbling fluidized bed reactor was used as sample to investigate properties variation regulation of two groups of bio-oil (No 1 and No 2) stored in 35 days under different storage temperatures (4&deg;C, 27&deg;C, 40&deg;C). FTIR and GC-MS analysis were also conducted pre and post storage under 40&deg;C on bio-oil No 2. The results indicated that low temperature (4&deg;C) brought about the reduction of water content of bio-oil while normal and high temperature (27&deg;C, 40&deg;C) did the inverse effect. The increase of kinematical viscosity of bio-oil had a close relationship with storage temperature without the disturbance of water. Higher temperature caused greater increase of kinematical viscosity of bio-oil. pH value had a slight variation and no obvious regulation could be found under all three storage temperature. Frequency shifting and variation of light transmittance from FTIR analysis showed that the violent movement of electron on different functional groups intensified the interaction of molecular in bio-oil. GS-MS analysis demonstrated that the composition of bio-oil became more complex because some reactions were catalyzed after 35 days storage under high temperature. Therefore, low temperature has the best effect on controlling the stability of bio-oil.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Stability
Controlled terms:Chemical reactors - Fluid catalytic cracking - Fluidization - Fluidized beds - Functional groups - Pyrolysis - Viscometers - Viscosity - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Bio oil - Bubbling fluidized bed reactor - Frequency-shifting - FTIR - FTIR analysis - GC-MS analysis - High temperature - Higher temperatures - Light transmittance - Low temperatures  - pH value - Physicochemical property - Pine sawdust - Storage temperatures
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 951 Materials Science - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 801 Chemistry - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.047
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 64>

Accession number:20111713935757Title:Effects of gamma irradiation on quality and shelf life of iced Pseudosciaena crocea
Authors:Yang, Xianshi (1); Jiang, Xingwei (1); Li, Xueying (1); Guo, Quanyou (1); Jiang, Huiliang (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (2) Food Science College of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (3) Food Science College of Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China 
Corresponding author:Yang, X.
   	  (xianshiyang@126.com)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:376-381
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To explore the preservation effect of gamma irradiation on ice-storaged fish, the influence of gamma irradiation (1 kGy and 2 kGy) on quality and shelf life of iced Pseudosciaena crocea was discussed by analyzing the microbiological, biochemical and organoleptic changes occurring in fish samples. The results showed that the numbers of total viable counts, Pseudomonas spp. and H2S-producing bacteria significantly decreased after irradiation; during storage the bacteria numbers of Pseudosciaena crocea treated with irradiation were always less than the control simples; the concentrations of total volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine were conspicuously reduced by irradiation, whereas lipid oxidation was accelerated. At the end of storage the smell of lipid rancidity could be smelled for fish treated with 2 kGy dose, but that smell could not be smelled for 1 kGy and control simples. The shelf life could be remarkably prolonged by irradiation, and compared to a shelf life of 17 days for non-irradiated samples, the shelf life of Pseudosciaena crocea treated with 1 kGy and 2 kGy were extended to 30 days and 26 days, respectively. The work can provide technical references for commercial application of irradiation.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Gamma rays - Irradiation - Radiation
Uncontrolled terms:Bacteria number - Basic nitrogen - Commercial applications - Gamma irradiation - Irradiated samples - Lipid oxidation - Preservation - Pseudomonas spp - Pseudosciaena crocea - Shelf life  - Total viable counts - Trimethylamine
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 932.1 High Energy Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.064
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 65>

Accession number:20111713935701Title:Optimization of hydraulic performance for drip irrigation trapezoidal labyrinth channel of emitter using response surface methodology
Authors:Liu, Chunjing (1); Tang, Dunbing (1); Zheng, Jiaqiang (3); Zhou, Hongping (3) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (2) Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, College of Bengbu, Bengbu 233030, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China 
Corresponding author:Tang, D.
   	  (d.tang@nuaa.edu.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:46-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The hydraulic performance of drip irrigation emitter was affected by five parameters, the width, length, depth, angle and unit number of the trapezoidal labyrinth channel. In order to investigate these parameters, three-level Box-Benhnken design was carried out. By solving the quadratic regression model equation using appropriate statistic methods, the optimum parameters were determined. The width, length, depth, angle and unit number were 1.55 mm, 2.33 mm, 1.55 mm, 46.32&deg; and 20, respectively. The flow index was 0.4993 and the flux coefficient was 0.4441.The hydraulic performance of drip irrigation emitter can be improved by 5.624% when optimum parameters were adopted.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Hydraulics - Optimization - Regression analysis - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation - Flow indices - Flux coefficients - Hydraulic performance - Optimum parameters - Quadratic regression - Response Surface Methodology - Statistic method - Three-level
Classification code:632.1 Hydraulics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.

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Accession number:20111713935694Title:Implications of production and agricultural utilization of biochar and its international dynamic
Authors:He, Xusheng (1); Geng, Zengchao (1); She, Diao (1); Zhang, Baojian (2); Gao, Haiying (1) 
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China 
Corresponding author:Geng, Z.
   	  (gengzengchao@sina.com.cn)
	   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:27
Issue:2
Issue date:February 2011
Publication year:2011
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Much attention recently focus on biochar as a kind of soil amendment, slow-release carrier for fertilizer and carbon sequestrating agent. Biochar can sequestrate carbon in soil for hundreds to thousands of years, and improve the physical and chemical properties and activity of microbes, soil fertility, and delay nutrient release of fertilizer, as well as reduce nutrient losses from fertilizer and soil, and alleviate soil pollution. Both pyrolysis and gasification of biomass can yield biochar. However, the maximum yield of biochar occurs in slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, which can produces bio-oil and syngas, and ulteriorly upgraded them into hydrogen, biodiesel or chemicals. So it can reduce dependence of human on fossil energy or raw materials. Agricultural utilization of biochar produced from waste biomass is carbon-negative process which has multi-win benefits for human being. Much work on the biochar produced by pyrolysis of waste biomass and its agricultural utilization were done abroad. In China, much work was done about bioenergy acquired from pyrolysis of biomass, but less attention was paid on the production and agricultural utilization of biochar. In the future, China should take the strategy for sustainable development of bioenergy, environment and agriculture through biochar production from slow pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization of waste biomass and its utilization in agricultural.
Number of references:70
Main heading:Biomass
Controlled terms:Carbonization - Chemical properties - Coke - Emission control - Fertilizers - Nutrients - Planning - Production - Pyrolysis - Soil pollution  - Soils - Sustainable development - Synthesis gas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural utilization - Bio oil - Bio-energy - Biochar - Carbon sequestration - Fossil energy - Human being - Hydrothermal carbonization - Multi-win - Nutrient loss  - Nutrient release - Physical and chemical properties - Pyrolysis and gasification - Slow pyrolysis - Slow-release carrier - Soil amendment - Soil fertility - Syn-gas - Waste biomass
Classification code:913.2 Production Control - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 522 Gas Fuels - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 524 Solid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.02.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc.