木合塔尔·扎热, 阿卜杜许库尔·牙合甫, 故丽米热·卡克什, 马合木提·阿不来提, 哈地尔·依沙克. 新疆地方品种梨果实品质性状综合评价[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(7): 278-285. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.034
    引用本文: 木合塔尔·扎热, 阿卜杜许库尔·牙合甫, 故丽米热·卡克什, 马合木提·阿不来提, 哈地尔·依沙克. 新疆地方品种梨果实品质性状综合评价[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(7): 278-285. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.034
    Muhtar Zari, Abduxukur Yakup, Mahmut Ablat, Gulmira Kakix, Kadir Esah. Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality traits of local pear cultivars in Xinjiang Region of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(7): 278-285. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.034
    Citation: Muhtar Zari, Abduxukur Yakup, Mahmut Ablat, Gulmira Kakix, Kadir Esah. Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality traits of local pear cultivars in Xinjiang Region of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(7): 278-285. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.034

    Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality traits of local pear cultivars in Xinjiang Region of China

    • 摘要: 为了优良品种的筛选、选育及推广应用提供科学理论依据,建立8个新疆地方品种梨的果实品质综合评价体系。以‘鄯善红梨’‘鄯善句句梨’‘鄯善黄麻梨’‘晚熟塔西梨’‘鄯善早熟句句梨’‘诺尕依梨’‘雅格丽克梨’和‘库车句句梨’为试材,测定其14项果实内外品质指标,对14项指标进行相关性分析和因子分析,建立基于因子分析的综合品质评价模型,并根据综合品质得分进行优良度排序。结果表明:8个新疆地方品种梨14项果实品质性状变异系数有所不同,其中色差值a*(红绿差异)的变异系数较大,其变异系数为225.40%,单果质量、果实纵径、果心质量、色差值L*、果实硬度、总酸含量和糖酸比的变异系数均中等,在20.0%~45.0%范围之内,其余果实品质指标的变异系数均相对较小(小于20.0%),且各果实品质指标间均存在不同程度的相关性。经因子分析提取出特征根值均大于1的4个公因子,其累计方差贡献率达88.90%,其中第1公因子的贡献率为31.15%,主要由果实纵径、单果质量、果心质量、果实横径和果形指数5个因子决定,主要反映了果实大小、果心大小和果实形状。第2公因子的贡献率为23.31%,由糖酸比、果实硬度、含糖量和总酸含量4个因子决定,主要反映了果实酸甜口感品质和耐运强度的高低。第3公因子的贡献率为18.29%,由色差值L*、色差值a*和色差值b* 3个因子决定,主要反映了果实表面颜色色差程度。第4公因子的贡献率为16.15%,由可食率和果柄长度2个因子决定,主要反映了果实可食部分大小和果实抗风能力强度的高低。经综合品质评价模型得出,新疆梨8个地方品种果实综合品质得分的优良度排序依次为‘诺尕依梨’‘雅格丽克梨’‘库车句句梨’‘鄯善黄麻梨’‘鄯善句句梨’‘鄯善红梨’‘鄯善早熟句句梨’‘晚熟塔西梨’,研究结果为新疆地方梨品种的合理应用及科学推广提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Xinjiang Autonomous Region has been the main pear producing area in China, due to the unique climate conditions. The types and tastes of local pear cultivars have brought rich germplasm resources to maintain the genetic diversity of pear under the climatic changes and the evolving demand of a market. A Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü belonging to Pomaceae of Rosaceae is the major component of oriental pears. However, a simplex pear variety has become an increasingly prominent issue in recent years. In particular, Korla fragrant pear with relatively concentrated market time cannot meet the ever-increasing high demand for diversified pear variety. Therefore, it is necessary to breed local pear varieties with different maturity, diversified taste, and individualization for better sustainable development of characteristic forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang. In this study, a quality evaluation model was established for 8 types of local pear cultivars using factor analysis. Eight types of test materials included ‘Piqan red pear’, ‘Piqanjujula’, ‘Piqanpock marked yellow pear’, ‘late-maturing tax pear’, ‘Piqan early-maturing jujula’, ‘Nogay pear’, ‘Yaglik pear’, and ‘Kuqajujula’. 14 internal and external indexes of fruit quality were selected to determine the comprehensive quality score. The results showed that there were great differences in the variation coefficient of 14 fruit quality indexes in 8 types of local pear cultivars, where the maximum variation coefficient was the color difference value a* (red-green difference) of 225.40%. There were the medium variation coefficients of single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit core weight, color difference value L*, fruit hardness, total acid content, and sugar-acid ratio, ranging from 20.0% to 45.0%. Furthermore, relatively small variation coefficients (<20.0%) were found in the rest of the fruit quality indexes. There were also different levels of correlation among the fruit quality indexes. Additionally, a factor analysis was utilized to extract four common factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, where the cumulative variance contribution rate was 88.90%. Specifically, the contribution rate of the first common factor was 31.15%, which was mainly determined by the fruit longitudinal diameter, single fruit weight, fruit core weight, fruit transverse diameter, and fruit shape index, indicating the fruit size, core size, and fruit shape. The contribution rate of the second common factor was 23.31%, which was determined by the sugar-acid ratio, fruit firmness, sugar content, and total acid content, indicating the taste quality and the strength of transportation. The third common factor accounted for 18.29%, which was determined by the color difference value L*, a*, and b*, representing the color difference level of the fruit surface. The contribution rate of the fourth common factor was 16.15%, which was determined by the edible rate and the length of the fruit stalk, reflecting the size of the edible part and the wind resistance of the fruit. An excellent level order of 8 local pear cultivars was achieved in the quality evaluation model: ‘Nogay pear’, ‘Yaglik pear’, ‘Kuqajujula’, ‘Piqanpock marked yellow pear’, ‘Piqanjujula’, ‘Piqan red pear’, ‘Piqan early-maturing jujula’, and ‘late-maturing tax pear’. The results provide reference for rational application and scientific popularization of local pear cultivars in Xinjiang.

       

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