孟宝, 彭立, 张少尧, 周鹏, 邓伟. 川南山地丘陵区乡村院落空间演变及优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(17): 274-284. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.033
    引用本文: 孟宝, 彭立, 张少尧, 周鹏, 邓伟. 川南山地丘陵区乡村院落空间演变及优化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(17): 274-284. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.033
    Meng Bao, Peng Li, Zhang Shaoyao, Zhou Peng, Deng Wei. Spatial evolution and optimization of rural yard in low mountain area in southern Sichuan[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(17): 274-284. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.033
    Citation: Meng Bao, Peng Li, Zhang Shaoyao, Zhou Peng, Deng Wei. Spatial evolution and optimization of rural yard in low mountain area in southern Sichuan[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(17): 274-284. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.033

    川南山地丘陵区乡村院落空间演变及优化

    Spatial evolution and optimization of rural yard in low mountain area in southern Sichuan

    • 摘要: 乡村院落作为乡村聚落空间的基本组成单元,是农户日常生活的主要空间,也是当前乡村聚落空间优化和乡村人居环境改善的重点。现有研究多集中在村域层面,未能深入到农户院落内部。本研究以乡村院落空间演变过程解析为切入点,选择四川南部盆周低山丘陵区僰王山镇为研究区,从宏观层面深入剖析了50多年间乡村院落的演变过程,又在微观农户层面选择不同海拔的乡村院落,从居住空间、建筑外观、附属生产、景观文化等4个方面分析院落空间的演变特征,并解析其演变的自然因素和社会人文因素。研究表明:研究区院落布局由坡度较小的丘陵中部向丘陵间坡度较低的槽坝地区转移,院落内部空间功能区演变特征明显;受城市文明影响显著,当前乡村院落营造的传统和地域特色体现不够;受居住习惯及改造能力等影响,"脏、乱、差"的人居环境现状问题仍然明显;政府新建或农户自建的院落存在着一些规划欠合理之处。在此基础上提出院落空间质量提升的解决路径,包括院落的营造要体现人本主义和"传统文化+自然环境"的营造理念,并由政府牵头,给农户提供高质量空间利用的理想院落范本;注重发挥农户在院落营造的主体作用,激发农户院落营建的积极性和院落美化的创造性等。同时,政府和农户在未来乡村院落空间质量提升中的角色定位,如何处理区域特色、营造传统及现代人居环境趋势之间的矛盾将是不得不面对的难题。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: As a basic unit of rural settlement space, the rural yard is the main place of farmers' daily life. At present, the Chinese government is implementing the "Rural Revitalization" strategy, and the rural yards have become the focus of the optimization of courtyard space and the improvement of rural human settlements. However, there are a variety of problems such as low quality of space utilization and urgent need to improve the human settlements. These problems are mainly caused by the fact that farmers build their houses by themselves without or with little government guidance and planning. The rural yards are scattered in the hilly areas in Sichuan, and the public infrastructure is poor compared to the developed regions in China. Nowadays there are few studies focusing on this field. This study analyzes the evolution characteristics and spatial quality improvement of rural yard with Bowangshan town which is surrounded by low altitude mountains and hills in southern Sichuan as the research region. Researchers carry out deep surveys in 30 rural yards by checking the houses' site, construction time, resident structure, housing areas and functions. This study analyzes the evolution of yards in different periods (1960 s, 1980 s, 2000 s, after 2010) and different altitudes. (300, 400-700, over 700 m) The evolution characteristics in four aspects are looked into: living space, building appearance, production and landscape culture, including the natural and human factors of its evolution. The research shows that the layout of the rural yards of the study area is transferred from the middle of the hill with a small slope to the area of the dam with a low slope between the hills. The evolution of the functional space of the rural yards interior is obviously affected by urban civilization, and the traditional and regional characteristics of the current rural yards are not obvious. Due to the traditional living habits of farmers, the status of the living environment is usually dirty and chaotic. This study explores possible ways to solve such problems. That is, the local government should create a concept that reflects humanism and "Traditional Culture + Natural Environment", and provide an ideal rural yard model for farmers to imitate at the same time. Meanwhile, local government should pay more attention to improve the motivation of farmers in the courtyard construction, and stimulate the enthusiasm and the creativity of the farmers for the courtyards. However, with the advancement of China's urbanization process, the labor outflow from rural areas to cities will continue, and the design and renovation of rural yards in the future will be a difficult but important issue. For example, it will be hard to delimit the role of rural governments and farmers in the future improvement of rural yard space quality. What is more, how to deal with the relationship between regional characteristics, the creation of traditions and the trend of modern living environment will also bother the local government.

       

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