Abstract: Abstract: Calculating the potential of rural residential consolidation is the basis and key to the establishment of rural residential consolidation projects. However, according to the existing definition and calculation method of rural residential consolidation potential, it cannot measure the transformation potential of dangerous houses and cannot meet the current requirements of rural residential consolidation. To solve these problems, this paper summarized the definitions of rural residential land consolidation potential proposed by domestic scholars in recent years. Based on the definition of rural residential area and rural residential land consolidation, this paper redefined the definition of rural residential land consolidation potential via considering rural building safety. Then, according to the causes of the rural residential hollow in the study area, this paper proposed a method of calculating the consolidation potential based on the classification of rural residential land. The potential of residential consolidation in Xiatujing village can be calculated using this method as an example. The potential of rural residential land consolidation refers to the ability to improve the intensity of rural residential land use and the living and production conditions of rural residents by using engineering technology and adjusting land property rights and other measures, removing and consolidating existing rural residential areas. It includes two parts: The potential of land use spatial expansion and the potential of improving the living conditions of villagers. The former refers to the area of cultivated land and other land that can be increased through rural residential consolidation, while the latter refers to the area of rural residential land that can be improved through rural residential consolidation. This paper proposed the method of calculating the consolidation potential based on the classification of rural residential land. Rural residential land can be divided into three levels. The first level can be divided into five categories according to land use, including residential land, public service land, infrastructure land, industrial land and other construction land. According to the safety of construction facilities, the first four primary land use categories are divided into three secondary categories: Safety, unsafe and lack of use function. And the third level, according to the use status of construction facilities, can be classified into three categories: Use, idle and abandoned. Other construction land will not be divided into second and third levels. The calculation of consolidation potential defined the land of unsafe and lack of use function in second level, unutilized land and corner land in other construction land as the potential of consolidation. The potential that continues to be used as residential land after consolidation was defined as the potential to improve living conditions, while the remaining potential was defined as the potential of land use expansion. According to the difficulty in land consolidation, the land of unsafe and use was defined as the potential of difficult realization, and the remaining potential was defined as the potential of easy realization. With the calculation method of consolidation potential of residential land classification, the consolidation potential of Xiatujing village can be calculated. The results show that the potential of residential consolidation is 10.66 hm2, the potential of improving living conditions is 0.76 hm2, the potential of land use expansion is 9.90 hm2, the potential of easy realization is 8.19 hm2, and the potential of difficult realization is 2.47 hm2.The method of calculating the potential of rural residential consolidation can not only be used to calculate the area of increased cultivated land and other land, but also the area of land used in rural residential transformation. Based on the calculation results of consolidation potential, rural residential can be consolidated to achieve the goal of rural dangerous housing transformation and hollow village consolidation.