都鑫, 刘彩玲, 姜 萌, 张福印, 袁昊, 杨洪雪. 自扰动内充型孔轮式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(13): 23-34. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.003
    引用本文: 都鑫, 刘彩玲, 姜 萌, 张福印, 袁昊, 杨洪雪. 自扰动内充型孔轮式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(13): 23-34. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.003
    Du Xin, Liu Cailing, Jiang Meng, Zhang Fuyin, Yuan Hao, Yang Hongxue. Design and experiment of self-disturbance inner-filling cell wheel maize precision seed-metering device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(13): 23-34. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.003
    Citation: Du Xin, Liu Cailing, Jiang Meng, Zhang Fuyin, Yuan Hao, Yang Hongxue. Design and experiment of self-disturbance inner-filling cell wheel maize precision seed-metering device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(13): 23-34. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.003

    自扰动内充型孔轮式玉米精量排种器设计与试验

    Design and experiment of self-disturbance inner-filling cell wheel maize precision seed-metering device

    • 摘要: 为提高机械式排种器的工作性能,该文从增加充种区种群活跃度、降低种群内摩擦力的角度出发,设计一种自扰动内充型孔轮式玉米精量排种器,分析了种子在扰种条上运动情况和充种原理,完成排种盘的参数设计。采用离散元软件EDEM对排种器进行仿真试验,以排种盘转速、扰种条形式、排种盘圆台锥角、扰种条半径为试验因素,以排种单粒率、重播率、漏播率为试验指标进行单因素试验和二次正交回归旋转组合试验。应用Design-Expert8.0.6对试验数据进行分析,得到了单粒率、重播率、漏播率和试验指标之间的数学模型,对试验结果进行多目标优化,得出最佳参数为:排种盘转速8.4 r/min,螺旋扰种条,排种盘圆台锥角38.6(,扰种条半径1.24 mm,此时排种单粒率为96.29%,重播率为2.55%,漏播率为1.15%。在最优参数组合下进行台架试验,排种器的单粒率、重播率和漏播率分别为95.4%、1.6%和3.0%;且当排种盘转速在8.40~16.67 r/min(对应工作速度为4.94~9.75 km/h)时,排种单粒率大于91.4%,重播率小于1.6%,漏播率小于7.3%,伤种率小于0.44%,排种效果优于勺轮式排种器,满足玉米单粒精播的农艺要求,对播种机作业速度适应范围广。基于EDEM离散元法的排种器仿真试验为排种器性能参数的确定提供参考且缩短设计周期,该研究可为提高机械式排种器充种性能提供参考,为玉米精量播种机的设计提供研究基础。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: In order to increase the rate of single seed and reduce the missing and multiple rate of the mechanical precision seed-metering device, and from the perspective of reducing the seeds friction in the filling area and increasing the seeds activity, a kind of self-disturbance inner-filling cell wheel maize precision seed metering device was designed. For the mechanical metering device, the process of seeds filling into hole depends more on gravity, because of seed layer thickness is limited, the size of filling gravity will not change too much, and disturbing the seed to a certain extent will cause the seed to produce normal beating, which is not conducive to fill. So a seed disturbing strip on the inner surface of a certain inclined cone disc was designed. The advantage is that the seed on the top of the hole gets a small normal jump to decrease the seed friction, simultaneously it can ensure that the seed gets enough filling force to be filled into the hole. The movement of the seed on the disturbing strip and the principle of seed filling were analyzed, and then the parameter design of the seed metering device was completed. The hole parameters of seed metering disc were calculated, and the optimum hole size for seed filling was determined. Different types of disturbing strip are set on the conical surface of the seed metering disc, which are non-disturbing strip, direct disturbing strip, decline disturbing strip and spiral disturbing strip. The force acting on the seed disturbing strip and the relative limit velocity of the seed filling into hole were analyzed. It was determined that the radius of the seed disturbing strip, the cone angle of the cone and the rotation speed of the seed disc all affected the filling process. In order to determine the optimal seed metering parameters of the seed metering device, a discrete element software EDEM was used to simulate the seed metering device. The single factor test and the multiple quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test were carried out with the test factors of the rotation speed of the seed plate, the strip form of disturbing the seed, the cone angle of the seeding plate and the radius of the disturbing strip. Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 to analyze the test data, the mathematical model between the rate of single seed, missing , multiple sowing and the test index was obtained. The optimum parameters were as follows: The speed of the seed disc was 8.40 r/min, the disturbing strip form was spiral, the cone angle of the seed plate was 38.6(, and the radius of the disturbing strip is 1.24 mm, respectively. The single, multiple and missing rate were 96.29%, 2.55% and 1.15%, respectively. Under the optimal parameter combination, the bench test proved that the of single、multiple and missing rate were 95.4%, 2.55% and 1.15%, respectively. When the speed of the seed disc during 8.40~16.67 r/min, the single rate was more than 91.4%, multiple and missing rate were less than 2.55% and 1.15%, the seed damage rate was less than 0.44%, respectively, and the seeding effect is 3.2% higher than the scoop wheel type metering device. which could meet the agronomic requirements of the precision sowing of maize. The simulation test of the seed metering device based on EDEM discrete element method has provided references for determining the performance parameters of the seed metering device and shortens the design period. This study can provide references for improving the performance of the mechanical seed metering device.

       

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