郭全恩, 王益权, 南丽丽, 李保国, 曹诗瑜. 不同溶质及矿化度对土壤溶液盐离子的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(11): 105-111. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.012
    引用本文: 郭全恩, 王益权, 南丽丽, 李保国, 曹诗瑜. 不同溶质及矿化度对土壤溶液盐离子的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(11): 105-111. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.012
    Guo Quanen, Wang Yiquan, Nan Lili, Li Baoguo, Cao Shiyu. Effects of solute types and degree of mineralization on salt ions in soil release solution[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(11): 105-111. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.012
    Citation: Guo Quanen, Wang Yiquan, Nan Lili, Li Baoguo, Cao Shiyu. Effects of solute types and degree of mineralization on salt ions in soil release solution[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(11): 105-111. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.012

    不同溶质及矿化度对土壤溶液盐离子的影响

    Effects of solute types and degree of mineralization on salt ions in soil release solution

    • 摘要: 中国西北旱区水源短缺已成为农业生产的重要限制因素,如何科学有效地利用微咸水资源对于提高灌区水资源利用效率和保障粮食安全生产具有十分重要的意义。该研究以甘肃省秦安县果园粉砂质黏壤土为研究对象,基于土壤水分特征曲线的测定方法,采用蒸馏水(CK)和不同矿化度(1, 3, 5, 10 g/L)的NaCl、Na2SO4两种类型的盐溶液对土壤饱和浸泡8~12 h后离心,收集不同转速下的释水溶液,研究不同吸力(pF分别为1.0,1.49,2.01,2.71,3.49,4.09)条件下土壤释水溶液盐分离子的组成。结果表明:不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4对释水溶液电导率、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+的影响差异均达极显著(p<0.01)或显著水平(p<0.05)。相同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4在土壤释水过程中对不同盐分离子的影响不同。同为1 g/L的NaCl和Na2SO4,NaCl中的Cl-置换土壤中HCO3-的能力要强于Na2SO4中的SO42-。在土壤水吸力(pF)小于2.01时,高矿化度(>3 g/L)的NaCl对于土壤溶液中Ca2+的解离具有促进作用,且促进能力随着矿化度的增大而增大;在土壤水吸力(pF)大于2.01时,加入溶液中的Cl-和SO42-均具有抑制土壤中HCO3-的解离,加入溶液中的Cl-具有抑制土壤中SO42-的解离,加入溶液中的SO42-具有抑制土壤溶液中Cl-的解离,低矿化度(1 g/L)的NaCl对于土壤溶液中Ca2+的解离具有抑制作用。不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4,对土壤溶液中Mg2+的解离具有促进作用。因此,从微咸水利用于盐渍化土壤改良的角度来看,对于苏打型盐土,可尝试用含Cl-和SO42-的盐水灌溉;对于硫酸盐型盐土,可尝试用含Cl-的盐水灌溉;对于氯化物型盐土,可尝试用含SO42-的盐水灌溉。

       

      Abstract: Water resource shortage has become an important limiting factor for the agricultural production in arid areas in Northwest China. The efficient utilization of brackish water resources is of great importance significance for food safety in irrigated areas. However, the influence of irrigation with different solute type and mineralization on salty ions in soil solution during the release water process is unknown. In the study, the soil samples were collected from orchard calcareous soil in Qin’an County of Gansu Province. The content of soil organic matter was 10.52 g/kg and pH was 8.54. Soil electrical conductivity was 0.43 mS/cm. The contents of HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ were 0.85, 0.16, 0.14, 0.24, 0.06, 0.05, 0.13 g/kg, respectively. The content of calcium carbonate was 134.8g/kg. Soil texture classification was based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture system and the soil texture was a silty clay loam, which has 25.2% sand, 53.9% silt, and 20.9% clay. The influences of two sodium salts (NaCl, Na2SO4) with different mineralization degrees (1, 3, 5, 10 g/L) on salt ion composition in soil solution were explored with the dehydration centrifugal method under different water suction conditions (pF 1.01, 1.49, 2.01, 2.71, 3.49, and 4.09), distilled water was used as control. The results showed that the influences of NaCl and Na2SO4 on electrical conductivity, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ in soil release solution were significant (p<0.05) or extremely significant (p<0.01). The influences of NaCl and Na2SO4 with the same salinity on salt ions in soil release solution were different. The ability of Cl- to replace HCO3- was better than SO42- to replace HCO3- in soil solution of treatments with 1 g/L of NaCl and 1 g/L of Na2SO4. When soil water tension (pF) was less than 2.01, the NaCl solution with the degree of mineralization more than 3 g/L promoted the dissociation of the Ca2+ in soil solution and the promoting effects of dissociation increased with the increase of salinity. When soil water tension (pF) was more than 2.01, Cl- and SO42- in irrigation water inhibited the dissociation of HCO3- in soil solution and Cl- in irrigation water inhibited the dissociation of SO42- in soil solution, and SO42- in irrigation water inhibited the dissociation of Cl-, NaCl solution (the degree of mineralization of was 1 g/L) inhibited the dissociation of Ca2+ in soil solution. NaCl and Na2SO4 in irrigation water promoted the dissociation of Mg2+ in soil solution. Therefore, from the viewpoints of the improvement salinized soil using brackish water, for sodic-saline soils, it was possible to irrigate with brackish water containing the mostly of Cl- and SO42-. For sulfate saline soil, it was possible to irrigate with brackish water containing the mostly of Cl-. For chloride soils, it was possible to irrigate with brackish water containing the mostly of SO42-. The study could provide the basis for restraining soil salts in brackish water irrigation in arid regions.

       

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