Abstract: Abstract: Deepening the construction of rural energy is an important means to optimize the rural energy structure, eliminate the energy poverty of farmers, improve the efficiency of rural energy use and protect the ecological environment of agriculture, and it is also the important content on implementation of air pollution prevention, development of renewable energy and China's energy revolution. Through the summary and systematic analysis of official statistics and literature, current situation and basic characteristics of rural energy in China were discussed. The dominance of coal is obvious in rural energy consumption, which covered 33.8% of rural living energy consumption, and accounted for 51.5% in rural production energy. In addition, the proportion of renewable energy is very low, and the current structure of rural living energy consumption is unreasonable. The current situation of rural energy industry scale, industrial technology and industrial policy were explained, and the main problems and the basic needs in the development of rural energy in China were analyzed. Finally, the basic development directions of rural energy were summarized, such as the distributed energy system, the heating of the northern rural areas, the comprehensive utilization of biomass energy resources, and the rural energy conservation. In 2014, China's rural energy consumption was 760 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 17.8% of the total energy consumption, of which the rural living energy was 430 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 56.6%, rural production energy was 330 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 43.4%. The proportion of non-commercial energy in rural living energy consumption was as high as 48.4%, and the commercialization rate of rural living energy was affected by regional economic conditions and fossil energy resource endowments. The administrative areas with high commercialization degree included Beijing, Tianjin, Qinghai, Shanxi and Guangdong. Energy consumption per capita was significantly affected by climate conditions, level of economic development. Administrative regions which saw higher value included Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, Beijing, Inner Mongolia et al. The proportion of commercial energy accounted for 90.2% for rural production energy, which was basically fulfilled by the national unified energy supply system. The problems of rural energy poverty and energy equity still exist, e.g. a large number of poor quality scattered coal pollution causes serious air pollution, poor technical economy of renewable energy leads to a slowly industry development, the backwardness of energy infrastructure leads to widespread difficulties in rural energy. Clear strategic positioning, strengthen the top design, implementation of key tasks, strengthen the conditions of support, improvement of service capacity are the strategic needs of rural energy development. The rural energy industry in general shows a good momentum of development. Biomass power generation and molding fuel industry technology have made great progress; biogas industry develops into a new stage of transformation and upgrading, and solar thermal industry continues to develop steadily. According to local conditions, the development of biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and other complementary energy system are important directions of rural energy. Heating, as the core of rural energy development and utilization technology, is the focus of recent rural energy technology development. At the same time, rural energy-saving technology promotion should not be ignored.