韩美, 张翠, 路广, 刘玉斌, 余灏哲. 黄河三角洲人类活动强度的湿地景观格局梯度响应[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(6): 265-274. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.06.034
    引用本文: 韩美, 张翠, 路广, 刘玉斌, 余灏哲. 黄河三角洲人类活动强度的湿地景观格局梯度响应[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(6): 265-274. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.06.034
    Han Mei, Zhang Cui, Lu Guang, Liu Yubin, Yu Haozhe. Response of wetland landscape pattern gradient to human activity intensity in Yellow River Delta[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2017, 33(6): 265-274. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.06.034
    Citation: Han Mei, Zhang Cui, Lu Guang, Liu Yubin, Yu Haozhe. Response of wetland landscape pattern gradient to human activity intensity in Yellow River Delta[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2017, 33(6): 265-274. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.06.034

    黄河三角洲人类活动强度的湿地景观格局梯度响应

    Response of wetland landscape pattern gradient to human activity intensity in Yellow River Delta

    • 摘要: 为了研究黄河三角洲湿地景观格局沿人类活动强度的梯度变化规律,该文基于土地科学和景观生态学原理,在RS、ArcGIS和FRAGSTATS软件支持下,以1989、1999、2009和2014年四期遥感影像为数据源,利用人工目视解译方法构建研究区景观类型图。基于解译结果,选取耕地、工矿用地、居民点和交通用地等土地利用指标来反映人类活动强度,采用自然间断法将人类活动强度从强到弱分带。文章分析了黄河三角洲不同人类活动强度样带不同时期的湿地景观格局变化特征,以及2014年主要景观类型的格局特征对人类活动强度的梯度响应。结果表明:人类的干扰活动使得不同景观类型在人类活动强度各样带表现出明显的空间差异。在景观水平上,随着人类活动强度的降低,样带景观的丰富度和斑块数增加,2009年斑块数量达到8 000个;多样性和均匀度指数呈先增后减趋势,景观聚集度和连通性持续增加,在第10样带达到99.42%,破碎化程度不断降低;在类型水平上,水库坑塘、水产养殖场、盐田和未利用地在梯度带中较好地反映了景观格局的变化特征,其中各景观类型的形状指数和分维数随人类活动强度的梯度变化呈现明显的变化趋势,景观形状趋于复杂化,面积比例、斑块密度和最大斑块指数的梯度变化较大,波动明显,盐田在人类干扰最大时斑块指数达到26%。该文揭示了景观格局沿人类活动强度的梯度变化规律,可为研究区湿地生态恢复及可持续利用提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The Yellow River Delta, located on the west coast of Laizhou Bay, is the most extensive and youngest wetland in the China's warm temperate zone. It possesses abundant species and numerous new land resources. However, urban construction, reclamation, oil exploitation, tourism development and other human activities in recent years have directly or indirectly impacted the wetland ecosystem pattern, and naturally, the wetland landscape has significantly changed. In view of this phenomenon, most scholars have only studied the influence of single human activity on wetland landscape, lacking holistic grasp and response analysis of wetland landscape pattern under different disturbance intensity. Therefore, based on the theory of landscape ecology and the support of RS (remote sensing), ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS, the wetland landscape type map in the Yellow River Delta influenced by the human activities was constructed using the method of artificial visual interpretation with the 4 remote sensing images (1989, 1999, 2009, 2014), and the cultivated land, industrial and mining land and other land use were selected to reflect the intensity of human activities, which was divided into 10 levels from strong to weak using the natural breaks method. Besides, the change characteristics of wetland landscape pattern in different periods within different transects were analyzed, as well as the gradients response of 4 main types of landscape pattern characteristics to human activity intensity in 2014. The results were as follows: 1) The total area of the Yellow River Delta increased slightly. Natural wetland landscape showed a decreasing trend, of which beach was reduced the most, followed by meadow, and the artificial wetland landscape continued to increase. 2) The landscape transfer was very dramatic, mutual transformation between meadow, beach and other natural wetland landscape turned larger, while that between construction land, mining land and other non-wetland landscape turned smaller. Which was the largest decrease in tidal flat, a decrease of 38 245.35 hm2, followed by a decrease of meadow 37 164.54 hm2. 3) Influenced by human activities and other factors, the fragmentation degree of wetland landscape in the Yellow River Delta was intensified within the 25 years, and the patch type was especially more diversified and was more evenly distributed in the landscape. What was more, the landscape also showed obvious spatial differences in different transects due to human activities. 4) At the landscape level, wetland landscape richness and PD (patch density) increased with the decrease of human activity intensity, and in 2009, the number of patches reached eight thousand; yet SHDI (Shannon diversity index) and SHEI (Shannon evenness index) first ascended and then descended, which was consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. In addition, landscape aggregation increased, and landscape connectivity also increased, which reached 99.42% to the most extent, while the degree of fragmentation reduced. At the type level, the change of landscape pattern could be well reflected by the 4 main landscape types (reservoir pond, aquafarm, salt pan and unutilized land). Especially, PLAND (percentage of landscape), PD, and LPI (largest patch index) had significant variations with the gradient of human activity intensity, and LSI (landscape shape index) and MPFD (mean patch fractal dimension) changed obviously, which indicated that landscape shape was becoming increasingly complicated. The largest patch index of salt pan reached 26%, when human interfered with salt pan to the most extent. The study also revealed the gradient change of landscape pattern along the intensity of human activities, which could provide a reference for the rational development and sustainable utilization of the Yellow River Delta.

       

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