阮辉, 廖伟丽, 罗兴锜, 赵亚萍, 秦鸿哲, 杨众杰. 叶片低压边的轴面位置对高水头水泵水轮机空化性能的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(16): 73-81. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.011
    引用本文: 阮辉, 廖伟丽, 罗兴锜, 赵亚萍, 秦鸿哲, 杨众杰. 叶片低压边的轴面位置对高水头水泵水轮机空化性能的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(16): 73-81. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.011
    Ruan Hui, Liao Weili, Luo Xingqi, Zhao Yaping, Qin Hongzhe, Yang Zhongjie. Effects of low pressure meridional position on cavitation performance for high-head pump-turbine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(16): 73-81. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.011
    Citation: Ruan Hui, Liao Weili, Luo Xingqi, Zhao Yaping, Qin Hongzhe, Yang Zhongjie. Effects of low pressure meridional position on cavitation performance for high-head pump-turbine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(16): 73-81. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.16.011

    叶片低压边的轴面位置对高水头水泵水轮机空化性能的影响

    Effects of low pressure meridional position on cavitation performance for high-head pump-turbine

    • 摘要: 水泵水轮机转轮叶片低压边相比其他部位更具有空蚀的危险性。首先基于低比转速混流式转轮设计程序,设计了3个具有不同低压边轴面位置的叶片。然后采用数值模拟方法对3个转轮分别进行了3个不同出力的水轮机工况以及3个不同流量的水泵工况的全流道定常数值计算,对比分析了各计算工况下转轮的能量特性、流动特征及空化形态。研究表明,在一定范围内,叶片低压边轴面位置前移可以改善大流量水泵工况下转轮叶片进口的脱流情况,从而提高大流量水泵工况的扬程和空化性能。低压边轴面位置的后移,使得水轮机设计工况和满负荷工况的水力效率降低,但是改善了水轮机大流量工况的空化性能;并且叶片低压边轴面位置后移可以改善小流量工况下叶片进口的来流均匀性,从而提高小流量水泵工况的空化性能。相比而言,低压边在上冠型线位置的直径与转轮直径之比为0.4998的第2种低压边位置转轮在水轮机和水泵2种工况下都表现出比较好的空化性能,满足设计要求。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Because flow separation of blade entrance region and low pressure area are located in the inlet of runner at pump mode, and the low pressure of blade at turbine mode usually occurs in the outlet of runner, the low pressure edges of runner are more risks of cavitation compared with other parts for pump-turbine. In this study, first of all, we proposed a two-order polynomial to describe the blade setting angle distribution law along the meridional streamline in the streamline equation. The runner was designed by the point-to-point integration method with a specific blade setting angle distribution with a consideration of the working condition of turbine and the working condition of pump by adjusting the blade setting angle of heading-edge and trailing-edge. By use of this method, we designed three blades with different position of low pressure edge. Secondly, based on SST k-ω turbulent model and Zwart cavitation model, steady and cavitation simulations at three turbine operations with different output were conducted such as 42% output (guide vane angle was 10°, unit discharge was 0.271 m3/s), 88% output (guide vane angle was 18°, unit discharge was 0.0562 m3/s), and 100% output ((guide vane angle was 22°, unit discharge was 0.649 m3/s). In addition, three pump operating conditions with different discharge in the same guide vane opening were selected to conduct steady and cavitation simulation. The pump operating condition was small discharge 0.79Qrp, and design discharge Qrp, and large discharge 1.24 Qrp. The computational boundary conditions were applied at the inlet and outlet surfaces of the computational domain. For the inlet boundary condition, a uniform velocity distribution was assumed. As for the outlet boundary condition, the average pressure was set constant. For the surface of a wall, the non-slip boundary conditions was prescribed, the velocity components were set to zero. Furthermore, concerning the interaction of the flow between a stator and rotor passage, Frozen Rotor interfaces were used. Finally, comparisons of energy performance, cavitation morphology and flow characteristics among runners were analyzed. Our results showed that the shift forward of low pressure edge within certain limits could eliminate the flow separation on the inlet of runner blade at large discharge pump condition, and as such it improved the head of pump and the cavitation performance of runner at large discharge pump condition. The shift backward of low pressure edge within certain limits could make the inlet flow of runner blade more uniform at small discharge pump condition, and therefore, it improved the cavitation performance of runner at small discharge pump condition. At turbine design condition, the outlet velocity circulation of low pressure edge 1 runner was close to zero, but the cavitation performance in both turbine and pump mode was not ideal. The outlet velocity circulation of low pressure edge 2 runner at band location was close to zero, and at crown location was a small negative value. The cavitation performance of low pressure edge 2 runner was the best. There was no cavitation in design turbine condition and full load turbine condition, and only slight cavitation was appeared at the design pump condition. The outlet velocity circulation of low pressure edge 2 runner at crown location was close to zero, and at band location was a small negative value, the cavitation performance of low pressure edge 3 runner was worse than that of low pressure edge 2 runner. The obtained results provide a good experience in the design of the pump turbine.

       

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