Abstract: Ecological environment of the Loess Plateau has been remarkably improved and soil and water loss is effectively controlled due to the implementation of the“grain for green” project. The most crucial reason is that the physical consolidation, reticular connection, root-soil agglomeration and biochemical reaction effects make the soil anti-scouribility (AS) to be improved significantly. In order to evaluate the impacts of abandoned land and their different coverage levels on soil AS and related soil physical properties, twenty plots with two treatments of table-land abandoned land(TAL) and gully-head abandoned land(GAL), five abandoned plant coverage levels and two repeated experiments were selected to study the soil AS by using runoff plot flow-scouring method in the gully area of the Loess Plateau. The soil AS was determined in 2 m×0.5 m runoff plot at an adjusted discharge of 4 L/min for 31 minutes. Within 31 minutes of each test, runoff and sediment samples were collected every one minute in the first three minutes and every two minutes in the following testing time using runoff bucket for determining sediment concentration. Soil bulk density, water-stable aggregate content, soil disintegration rate, infiltration rate and organic matter content were determined by using conventional methods. Root density and biomass were determined by harvesting and dried in oven. The results showed that as the coverage of the abandoned land increased, compared with CK (farmland), water-stable aggregate content, root density and root biomass of TAL and GAL measurements were significantly increased(P<0.05). When coverage was more than 0%, soil disintegration rate of TAL and GAL measurements had a decrease of 44.87%~79.16% and 33.79%~70.65%, respectively. While the increments of 70.12%~ 222.70% and 59.20%~194.88% for organic matter content. When coverage was the most highest, the soil bulk density was decreased and infiltration coefficient was increased significantly, for TAL and GAL respectively. The AS of TAL with 0% coverage had no difference with those of the CK, while AS of other coverage plots increased rapidly in approximately 2.31~7.57 times increments compared with those of the CK. The AS of GAL was increased 0.99~7.12 times increments compared with those of the CK. With the increment of coverage, the effect that root improved the soil anti-scouribility capacity was more significant. The positive exponential function can be used to describe the relationship between AS of TAL and GAL and bulk density and infiltration rate, while the negative exponential relationships occurred in AS and water-stable aggregate content and disintegration rate. The effects of organic matter content, root density and biomass on AS can be characterized by linear functions. Regression analysis indicated that AS of TAL had the exponential function with water-stable aggregate content, disintegration rate and root density(P<0.01), also the exponential function existed between AS and water-stable aggregate content and organic matter content(P<0.01). The water-stable aggregate content was the crucial factor influencing the AS of TAL and GAL measurements. The results may provide valuable information for the assessment of ecology function of “grain for green” project and water and soil loss control.