邱仲华, 宋明军, 王吉庆, 张学斌, 刘华, 孟铁男, 宋远佞. 组装式太阳能双效温室应用效果试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(19): 232-239. DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.028
    引用本文: 邱仲华, 宋明军, 王吉庆, 张学斌, 刘华, 孟铁男, 宋远佞. 组装式太阳能双效温室应用效果试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(19): 232-239. DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.028
    Qiu Zhonghua, Song Mingjun, Wang Jiqing, Zhang Xuebin, Liu Hua, Meng Tienan, Song Yuanning. Experiment effect of application to new assembly type solar double effect greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(19): 232-239. DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.028
    Citation: Qiu Zhonghua, Song Mingjun, Wang Jiqing, Zhang Xuebin, Liu Hua, Meng Tienan, Song Yuanning. Experiment effect of application to new assembly type solar double effect greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(19): 232-239. DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.19.028

    组装式太阳能双效温室应用效果试验

    Experiment effect of application to new assembly type solar double effect greenhouse

    • 摘要: 为解决目前日光温室普遍存在的设备简陋、环境调控与抗寒防病能力差、土地利用率与劳动生产效率低的问题,建造了组装式太阳能双效温室并进行试验。该文分别选择内保温和外保温太阳能双效温室(温室内配置太阳能集热器、蓄热水池和热泵机组在内的太阳能热泵系统)测试其保温降湿性能和增产效果,主要测试指标为空气最低温度、日平均温度、光照度、空气相对湿度,种植作物的单株产量、单位面积产量。测试结果表明:内保温组装式太阳能双效温室室内最低气温都在9℃以上,与对照温室相比,1月份试验温室室内平均气温提高3.4℃,1月份室内平均最低气温提高4.0℃;外保温太阳能双效温室1月份室内平均最低气温为12.5℃,空气相对湿度控制在80%以下,比对照温室室内温度提高3.8℃,蔬菜增产19%~55%。组装式太阳能双效温室改善了温室的环境条件,提升了日光温室抗寒防病和增产增收的能力,该温室的研究与应用为中国北方同类地区提供借鉴与参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: In order to solve the common problems in existing solar greenhouses such as simple equipment, poor environmental regulation and cold prevention ability, as well as low land utilization rate and labor productivity, a new type of greenhouse, the assembly type solar double effect greenhouse was built and researched. There are two kinds of structures for the assembly type of the solar double effect greenhouse: internal insulation greenhouse and external insulation greenhouse. Internal insulation warehouse has two layer frames with single layer film covering each layer frame, in addition, one layer of heat preservation quilt is placed between the two layer frames to insulate and preserve heat energy during the night. The external insulation greenhouse has a structure of transparent Polycarbonate sandwich plate as its back half roof and back wall. In winter time, thermal insulation material is filled in the interlayer to preserve heat, in the meantime, the heat preservation quilt is covered on the front half roof, it changed the old way of an opaque back wall and an opaque back half roof in the previous greenhouse. Both the internal and the external insulation greenhouses are fully transparent greenhouses with galvanizing steel structures as framework. A solar energy source heat pump system is assembled in the greenhouse, it includes a solar heat collector, thermal storage pool and the heat pump, with water as its medium, it uses the solar heat collector to convert solar energy into heat energy and it is stored in thermal storage pool. When it is cold, the solar heat collector converts the heat energy stored in the heated water to the greenhouse. When the stored heated water is too cold to provide heat energy, the heat pump is started to convert the low grade heat energy to high grade heat energy, to provide heat energy to the greenhouse. The heat pump can also convert the steam and redundant heat energy in the air into heated water and it is stored in the thermal storage pool, so as to adjust the air temperature and moisture in the greenhouse automatically thus achieving double effects. In this paper, insulation moisture performance and the yield increasing effect are mainly researched for the assembly type of the solar double effect greenhouse. The test was processed from Dec. 2012 to Jan. 2013. The main test indexes are, air minimum temperature, daily average temperature, light intensity, relative air humidity, crops yield per plant and yield per unit area. The test results show: For the internal insulation greenhouse, the minimum temperature of the testing greenhouse was always over 9℃. Compared to the reference greenhouse, during Jan. 2013, the average temperature increased 3.4℃, the monthly average minimum temperature increased 4.0℃, and the monthly average relative air humidity was below 80%, thus achieved a 70% reduction in the incidence of vegetables. For the external insulation greenhouse, the average minimum temperature of the testing greenhouse was 12.5℃, the relative air humidity was below 80%, and the average temperature increased 3.8℃ compare to the reference greenhouse. The temperature was 27.7℃ higher than outside of the greenhouse (-15.2℃), the yield of the planting vegetables increased 19% - 55%. The conclusion is, the assembly type of the solar double effect greenhouse improved environmental conditions greatly, and improved the capacity of both cold and disease prevention, and increased both production and income. The research and application of this new type of greenhouse are referenced for similar areas in northern China.

       

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