李金平, 程达, 万丹丹, 黄娟娟, Vojislav Novakovic. 尿素和草木灰对生物质恒温厌氧发酵兼好氧处理过程的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(15): 259-268. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.028
    引用本文: 李金平, 程达, 万丹丹, 黄娟娟, Vojislav Novakovic. 尿素和草木灰对生物质恒温厌氧发酵兼好氧处理过程的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(15): 259-268. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.028
    Li Jinping, Cheng Da, Wan Dandan, Huang Juanjuan, Vojislav Novakovic. Effects of urea and plant ash on the thermostatic anaerobic fermentation and aerobic treatment processes of biomass[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2022, 38(15): 259-268. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.028
    Citation: Li Jinping, Cheng Da, Wan Dandan, Huang Juanjuan, Vojislav Novakovic. Effects of urea and plant ash on the thermostatic anaerobic fermentation and aerobic treatment processes of biomass[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2022, 38(15): 259-268. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.028

    尿素和草木灰对生物质恒温厌氧发酵兼好氧处理过程的影响

    Effects of urea and plant ash on the thermostatic anaerobic fermentation and aerobic treatment processes of biomass

    • 摘要: 为了研究添加物对混合原料恒温厌氧和好氧发酵过程的影响,实现生物质向沼气和沼肥的快速转化,先在3个分别无添加、添加质量浓度1 g/L尿素和1 g/L草木灰的0.56 m3恒温发酵装置中进行了牛粪和番茄茎叶VS(Volatile Solid)比例1:1、TS(Total Solid)为8%、发酵温度(26±2)℃、为期54 d的恒温批式厌氧发酵,并将剩余沼液进行(30±1)℃、12 L/min、为期8 h的好氧曝气处理,对比分析不同添加物的厌氧发酵及沼液好氧处理组合对装置产气和产肥性能的影响。结果表明:厌氧发酵阶段,反应前28 d各添加物对系统产沼气及合成甲烷的促进作用显著,且尿素组效果最好,累计产气量、累计产甲烷量分别为4 917、1 746.4 L,较空白组提高91%、128.7%,较草木灰组提高12.6%、69.4%,同时尿素组甲烷体积分数达到50%以及达到系统总产气量80%即5 346 L的时间均较空白组提前了5 d,但全周期空白组累计产气量和累计产甲烷量均高于其他2组;好氧处理阶段,空白组、草木灰组和尿素组沼液完全腐熟的最快时间分别为第1小时、第4小时、第1小时,此时GI(Germination Index)分别为98%、124.5%、100.4%,TDS(Total Dissolved Solid)分别为5 670、5 350、7 010 mg/L,NH+ 4-N分别为734.4、538.1、862.1 mg/L,尿素组沼液生物有效性最好。综上,尿素组系统中前期的产气效率最佳、产肥品质最优,但与复混液体肥料标准相比仍需补充养分,或浓缩处理。该研究为提高沼气产气效率、沼肥品质提供参考。

       

      Abstract: A relatively high proportion of vegetable waste is ever increasing in China in recent years, with the rapid development of agriculture. A large amount of spoiled vegetable waste also continues to accumulate. There is a serious threat to environmental health, due to a huge waste of resources. It is a high demand to treat this vegetable waste. Fortunately, anaerobic fermentation has been an important technical way to treat agricultural waste for clean energy. Meanwhile, the biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by fermentation can also be used as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility. This study aims to clarify the effect of the additives on the thermostatic anaerobic fermentation and aerobic treatment of the mixed raw materials. The process was realized for the rapid conversion of biomass to biogas and biogas fertilizer. Firstly, the ratio of Volatile Solid (VS) was selected as 1:1:1 for the cow dung, tomato stems, and leaves. Three devices were utilized in the 0.56 m3 constant-temperature fermentation, including the no-adding, adding mass concentrations of 1 g/L urea, and 1 g/L plant ash. Among them, the Total Solid (TS) was 8%. The constant temperature batch was set as a fermentation temperature of (26±2)℃ and a period of 54 days during anaerobic fermentation. Secondly, the remaining biogas slurry was treated with the (30±1)℃ and 12 L/min aerobic aeration treatment for 8h. Some parameters were measured in the biogas production, including methane production, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxidation-reduction Potential (ORP), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), volatile fatty acid contents (VFAs), NH+ 4-N contents change, biogas fertilizer biotoxicity, and nutrient contents. A comparison was then made to explore the effects of the combination of anaerobic fermentation with different additives and aerobic treatment of biogas slurry on the biogas and fertilizer production performance of the device. The results show that each addition after 28d before the reaction presented a significant effect on the systematic biogas production and methane synthesis. Specifically, the best performance was achieved in the urea group during the anaerobic fermentation phase. The cumulative biogas and methane production were 4 917, and 1 746.4 L, respectively, which increased by 91% and 128.7%, compared with the blank group, whereas, 12.6% and 69.4%, compared with the plant ash group. Furthermore, the methane volume fraction of 50% in the urea group and the total system biogas yield of 80% (namely 5 346 L) were all 5d earlier than that of the blank group. However, the total biogas production and total methane production in the whole cycle blank group were higher than in the other two groups. The fastest time was 1, 4, and 1h during the aerobic treatment phase, respectively, particularly for the complete biogas slurry ripening in the blank groups, plant ash, and urea groups. In this case, the germination indexes (GI) were 98%, 124.5%, and 100.4%, respectively, and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were 5 670, 5 350, and 7 010 mg/L, respectively, while the volumes of NH+ 4-N were 734.4, 538.1 and 862.1 mg/L, respectively. In summary, the best biological effectiveness and production quality of the biogas slurry were achieved in the urea group system. The standard is still needed for the nutrient supplement, or concentrated treatment, compared with the mixed liquid fertilizer. This finding can provide a strong reference to improve the biogas and fertilizer production quality of anaerobic fermentation, in order to reduce the secondary environmental pollution caused by the biogas fertilizer.

       

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